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68 relations: Adirondack Mountains, Alta California, Austria, Axum, Bellows, Blast furnace, Bronze, California, Carbon, Carbon monoxide, Carburizing, Case-hardening, Catalonia, Charcoal, Chimney, Clay, Combustion, Cumberland, Direct reduced iron, Double hammer, Duke Jing of Qin, Encomienda, Encyclopædia Britannica, Fayalite, Fengxiang County, Finery forge, Flux (metallurgy), Furness, Garstang, Hot blast, Iron, Iron Age, Iron oxide, Lapphyttan, Limestone, Meroë, Meteoroid, Mission San Juan Capistrano, Nok culture, Nubia, Orange County, California, Ore, Oxygen, Pattern welding, Pig iron, Porosity, Puebloans, Recycling, Redox, Rock (geology), ..., Shaanxi, Silicon, Slag, Smelting, Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish missions in California, Steel, Steelmaking, Sweden, Tatara (furnace), Trompe, Tuyere, Water wheel, Wealden iron industry, West Midlands (region), Word sense, Wrought iron, Wu (state). Expand index (18 more) »
Adirondack Mountains
The Adirondack Mountains form a massif in northeastern New York, United States.
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Alta California
Alta California (Upper California), founded in 1769 by Gaspar de Portolà, was a polity of New Spain, and, after the Mexican War of Independence in 1822, a territory of Mexico.
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Austria
Austria (Österreich), officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich), is a federal republic and a landlocked country of over 8.8 million people in Central Europe.
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Axum
Axum or Aksum (ኣኽሱም, አክሱም) is a city in the northern part of Ethiopia.
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Bellows
A bellows or pair of bellows is a device constructed to furnish a strong blast of air.
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Blast furnace
A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper.
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Bronze
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12% tin and often with the addition of other metals (such as aluminium, manganese, nickel or zinc) and sometimes non-metals or metalloids such as arsenic, phosphorus or silicon.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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Carbon
Carbon (from carbo "coal") is a chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6.
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Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.
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Carburizing
Carburizing, carburising (chiefly English), or carburization is a heat treatment process in which iron or steel absorbs carbon while the metal is heated in the presence of a carbon-bearing material, such as charcoal or carbon monoxide.
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Case-hardening
Case-hardening or surface hardening is the process of hardening the surface of a metal object while allowing the metal deeper underneath to remain soft, thus forming a thin layer of harder metal (called the "case") at the surface.
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Catalonia
Catalonia (Catalunya, Catalonha, Cataluña) is an autonomous community in Spain on the northeastern extremity of the Iberian Peninsula, designated as a nationality by its Statute of Autonomy.
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Charcoal
Charcoal is the lightweight black carbon and ash residue hydrocarbon produced by removing water and other volatile constituents from animal and vegetation substances.
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Chimney
A chimney is a structure that provides ventilation for hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere.
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Clay
Clay is a finely-grained natural rock or soil material that combines one or more clay minerals with possible traces of quartz (SiO2), metal oxides (Al2O3, MgO etc.) and organic matter.
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Combustion
Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke.
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Cumberland
Cumberland is a historic county of North West England that had an administrative function from the 12th century until 1974.
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Direct reduced iron
Direct-reduced iron (DRI), also called sponge iron, is produced from the direct reduction of iron ore (in the form of lumps, pellets, or fines) to iron by a reducing gas or elemental carbon produced from natural gas or coal.
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Double hammer
A double hammer is a forging implement used in metallurgy.
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Duke Jing of Qin
Duke Jing of Qin (died 537 BC) was from 576 to 537 BC the eighteenth ruler of the Zhou Dynasty state of Qin that eventually united China to become the Qin Dynasty.
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Encomienda
Encomienda was a labor system in Spain and its empire.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
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Fayalite
Fayalite (Fe2SiO4; commonly abbreviated to Fa), also called iron chrysolite, is the iron-rich end-member of the olivine solid-solution series.
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Fengxiang County
Fengxiang County is a county administered by Baoji City in the west of Shaanxi province, People’s Republic of China.
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Finery forge
A finery forge is a hearth used to fine (i.e., produce, refine) wrought iron, through the decarburization of the pig iron.
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Flux (metallurgy)
In metallurgy, a flux (derived from Latin fluxus meaning “flow”) is a chemical cleaning agent, flowing agent, or purifying agent.
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Furness
Furness is a peninsula and region of Cumbria in northwestern England.
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Garstang
Garstang is an old market town and civil parish within the Wyre borough of Lancashire, England.
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Hot blast
Hot blast refers to the preheating of air blown into a blast furnace or other metallurgical process.
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Iron
Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe (from ferrum) and atomic number 26.
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Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age system, preceded by the Stone Age (Neolithic) and the Bronze Age.
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Iron oxide
Iron oxides are chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen.
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Lapphyttan
Lapphyttan or Lapphyttejarn in Norberg Municipality, Sweden, may be regarded as the type site for the Medieval Blast Furnace.
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Limestone
Limestone is a sedimentary rock, composed mainly of skeletal fragments of marine organisms such as coral, forams and molluscs.
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Meroë
Meroë (also spelled Meroe; Meroitic: Medewi or Bedewi; Arabic: مرواه and مروى Meruwi; Ancient Greek: Μερόη, Meróē) is an ancient city on the east bank of the Nile about 6 km north-east of the Kabushiya station near Shendi, Sudan, approximately 200 km north-east of Khartoum.
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Meteoroid
A meteoroid is a small rocky or metallic body in outer space.
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Mission San Juan Capistrano
Mission San Juan Capistrano was a Spanish mission in colonial Las Californias.
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Nok culture
The Nok culture is an early Iron Age population whose material remains are named after the Ham village of Nok in Kaduna State of Nigeria, where their famous terracotta sculptures were first discovered in 1928.
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Nubia
Nubia is a region along the Nile river encompassing the area between Aswan in southern Egypt and Khartoum in central Sudan.
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Orange County, California
Orange County is a county in the U.S. state of California.
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Ore
An ore is an occurrence of rock or sediment that contains sufficient minerals with economically important elements, typically metals, that can be economically extracted from the deposit.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Pattern welding
Pattern welding is the practice in sword and knife making of forming a blade of several metal pieces of differing composition that are forge-welded together and twisted and manipulated to form a pattern.
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Pig iron
Pig iron is an intermediate product of the iron industry.
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Porosity
Porosity or void fraction is a measure of the void (i.e. "empty") spaces in a material, and is a fraction of the volume of voids over the total volume, between 0 and 1, or as a percentage between 0% and 100%.
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Puebloans
The Puebloans or Pueblo peoples are Native Americans in the Southwestern United States who share common agricultural, material and religious practices.
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Recycling
Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects.
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Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
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Rock (geology)
Rock or stone is a natural substance, a solid aggregate of one or more minerals or mineraloids.
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Shaanxi
Shaanxi is a province of the People's Republic of China.
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Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element with symbol Si and atomic number 14.
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Slag
Slag is the glass-like by-product left over after a desired metal has been separated (i.e., smelted) from its raw ore.
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Smelting
Smelting is a process of applying heat to ore in order to melt out a base metal.
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Spanish colonization of the Americas
The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish conquistadors.
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Spanish missions in California
The Spanish missions in California comprise a series of 21 religious outposts or missions established between 1769 and 1833 in today's U.S. State of California.
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Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon and other elements.
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Steelmaking
Steelmaking is the process for producing steel from iron ore and scrap.
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Sweden
Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.
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Tatara (furnace)
The is the traditional Japanese furnace used for smelting iron and steel.
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Trompe
A trompe is a water-powered air compressor, commonly used before the advent of the electric-powered compressor.
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Tuyere
A tuyere or tuyère is a tube, nozzle or pipe through which air is blown into a furnace or hearth.
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Water wheel
A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of flowing or falling water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill.
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Wealden iron industry
The Wealden iron industry was located in the Weald of south-eastern England.
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West Midlands (region)
The West Midlands is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of NUTS for statistical purposes.
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Word sense
In linguistics, a word sense is one of the meanings of a word (some words have multiple meanings, some words have only one meaning).
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Wrought iron
puddled iron, a form of wrought iron Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon (less than 0.08%) content in contrast to cast iron (2.1% to 4%).
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Wu (state)
Wu (Old Chinese: *) was one of the states during the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn period.
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Blomary, Bloom (bloomery), Bloomeries, Bloomery Process, Catalan Forge, Catalan forge, Catalan style forge, Iron bloom.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomery
