Table of Contents
121 relations: Afrikaans, Afrikaans phonology, Alternation (linguistics), American English, Arabic, Arabic alphabet, Arabic phonology, Australian English, Australian English phonology, Catalan language, Catalan orthography, Catalan phonology, Chinese characters, Chinese language, Chuvash language, Cyrillic script, Czech language, Czech orthography, Czech phonology, De Gruyter, Diphthong, Dutch language, Dutch orthography, Dutch phonology, English language, English orthography, English phonology, Filipino orthography, French language, French orthography, French phonology, Gaj's Latin alphabet, German language, German orthography, Great Vowel Shift, Greek alphabet, Hangul, Hebrew language, Hebrew spelling, Hungarian language, Hungarian orthography, Hungarian phonology, International Phonetic Alphabet, Irish orthography, Italian language, Italian orthography, Italian phonology, Japanese language, Japanese phonology, Kanji, ... Expand index (71 more) »
- Close vowels
- Front vowels
- Unrounded vowels
Afrikaans
Afrikaans is a West Germanic language, spoken in South Africa, Namibia and (to a lesser extent) Botswana, Zambia and Zimbabwe.
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Afrikaans phonology
Afrikaans has a similar phonology to other West Germanic languages, especially Dutch.
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Alternation (linguistics)
In linguistics, an alternation is the phenomenon of a morpheme exhibiting variation in its phonological realization.
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American English
American English (AmE), sometimes called United States English or U.S. English, is the set of varieties of the English language native to the United States.
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Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
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Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet (الْأَبْجَدِيَّة الْعَرَبِيَّة, or الْحُرُوف الْعَرَبِيَّة), or Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language.
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Arabic phonology
While many languages have numerous dialects that differ in phonology, contemporary spoken Arabic is more properly described as a continuum of varieties.
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Australian English
Australian English (AusE, AusEng, AuE, AuEng, en-AU) is the set of varieties of the English language native to Australia.
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Australian English phonology
Australian English (AuE) is a non-rhotic variety of English spoken by most native-born Australians.
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Catalan language
Catalan (or; autonym: català), known in the Valencian Community and Carche as Valencian (autonym: valencià), is a Western Romance language.
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Catalan orthography
The Catalan and Valencian orthographies encompass the spelling and punctuation of standard Catalan (set by the IEC) and Valencian (set by the AVL).
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Catalan phonology
The phonology of Catalan, a Romance language, has a certain degree of dialectal variation.
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Chinese characters
Chinese characters are logographs used to write the Chinese languages and others from regions historically influenced by Chinese culture.
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Chinese language
Chinese is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China.
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Chuvash language
Chuvash (Чӑвашла) is a Turkic language spoken in European Russia, primarily in the Chuvash Republic and adjacent areas.
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Cyrillic script
The Cyrillic script, Slavonic script or simply Slavic script is a writing system used for various languages across Eurasia.
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Czech language
Czech (čeština), historically also known as Bohemian (lingua Bohemica), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script.
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Czech orthography
Czech orthography is a system of rules for proper formal writing (orthography) in Czech.
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Czech phonology
This article discusses the phonological system of the Czech language.
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De Gruyter
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter, is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.
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Diphthong
A diphthong, also known as a gliding vowel or a vowel glide, is a combination of two adjacent vowel sounds within the same syllable.
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Dutch language
Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language.
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Dutch orthography
Dutch orthography uses the Latin alphabet.
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Dutch phonology
Dutch phonology is similar to that of other West Germanic languages, especially Afrikaans and West Frisian.
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English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
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English orthography
English orthography is the writing system used to represent spoken English, allowing readers to connect the graphemes to sound and to meaning.
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English phonology
English phonology is the system of speech sounds used in spoken English.
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Filipino orthography
Filipino orthography (Ortograpiyang Filipino) specifies the correct use of the writing system of the Filipino language, the national and co-official language of the Philippines.
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French language
French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
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French orthography
French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.
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French phonology
French phonology is the sound system of French.
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Gaj's Latin alphabet
Gaj's Latin alphabet (Гајева латиница), also known as abeceda (абецеда) or gajica (гајица), is the form of the Latin script used for writing Serbo-Croatian and all of its standard varieties: Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian.
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German language
German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.
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German orthography
German orthography is the orthography used in writing the German language, which is largely phonemic.
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Great Vowel Shift
The Great Vowel Shift was a series of changes in the pronunciation of the English language that took place primarily between 1400 and 1700, beginning in southern England and today having influenced effectively all dialects of English.
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Greek alphabet
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC.
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Hangul
The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul or Hangeul in South Korea and Chosŏn'gŭl in North Korea, is the modern writing system for the Korean language.
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Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
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Hebrew spelling
Hebrew spelling refers to the way words are spelled in the Hebrew language.
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Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language of the proposed Ugric branch spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighbouring countries.
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Hungarian orthography
Hungarian orthography (lit) consists of rules defining the standard written form of the Hungarian language.
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Hungarian phonology
The phonology of the Hungarian language is notable for its process of vowel harmony, the frequent occurrence of geminate consonants and the presence of otherwise uncommon palatal stops.
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International Phonetic Alphabet
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is an alphabetic system of phonetic notation based primarily on the Latin script.
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Irish orthography
Irish orthography is the set of conventions used to write Irish.
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Italian language
Italian (italiano,, or lingua italiana) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire.
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Italian orthography
Italian orthography (the conventions used in writing Italian) uses the Latin alphabet to write the Italian language.
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Italian phonology
The phonology of Italian describes the sound system—the phonology and phonetics—of Standard Italian and its geographical variants.
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Japanese language
is the principal language of the Japonic language family spoken by the Japanese people.
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Japanese phonology
Japanese phonology is the system of sounds used in the pronunciation of the Japanese language.
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Kanji
are the logographic Chinese characters adapted from the Chinese script used in the writing of Japanese.
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Khmer language
Khmer (ខ្មែរ, UNGEGN) is an Austroasiatic language spoken by the Khmer people and the official and national language of Cambodia.
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Khmer script
Khmer script (អក្សរខ្មែរ)Huffman, Franklin.
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Korean language
Korean (South Korean: 한국어, Hangugeo; North Korean: 조선말, Chosŏnmal) is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent.
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Korean phonology
This article is a technical description of the phonetics and phonology of Korean.
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Kurdish alphabets
Kurdish is written using either of two alphabets: the Latin-based Bedirxan or Hawar alphabet, introduced by Celadet Alî Bedirxan in 1932 and popularized through the Hawar magazine, and the Kurdo-Arabic alphabet.
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Kurdish language
Kurdish (Kurdî, کوردی) is a Northwestern Iranian language or group of languages spoken by Kurds in the region of Kurdistan, namely in Turkey, northern Iraq, northwest and northeast Iran, and Syria.
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Kurdish phonology
Kurdish phonology is the sound system of the Kurdish dialect continuum.
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Kurmanji
Kurmanji (lit), also termed Northern Kurdish, is the northernmost of the Kurdish languages, spoken predominantly in southeast Turkey, northwest and northeast Iran, northern Iraq, northern Syria and the Caucasus and Khorasan regions.
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Language
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.
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Latin script
The Latin script, also known as the Roman script, is a writing system based on the letters of the classical Latin alphabet, derived from a form of the Greek alphabet which was in use in the ancient Greek city of Cumae in Magna Graecia.
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Lithuanian language
Lithuanian is an East Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.
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Lithuanian orthography
Lithuanian orthography employs a Latin-script alphabet of 32 letters, two of which denote sounds not native to the Lithuanian language.
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Malay language
Malay (Bahasa Melayu, Jawi: بهاس ملايو) is an Austronesian language that is an official language of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore, and that is also spoken in East Timor and parts of Thailand.
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Malay phonology
This article explains the phonology of Malay and Indonesian based on the pronunciation of Standard Malay, which is the official language of Brunei and Singapore, "Malaysian" of Malaysia, and Indonesian the official language of Indonesia and a working language in Timor Leste.
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Malayalam
Malayalam is a Dravidian language spoken in the Indian state of Kerala and the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry (Mahé district) by the Malayali people.
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Malaysian Malay
Malaysian Malay (Bahasa Melayu Malaysia.), also known as Standard Malay (Bahasa Melayu piawai), Bahasa Malaysia, or simply Malay, is a standardized form of the Malay language used in Malaysia and also used in Brunei and Singapore (as opposed to the variety used in Indonesia, which is referred to as the "Indonesian" language).
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Modern Greek
Modern Greek (Νέα Ελληνικά, Néa Elliniká, or Κοινή Νεοελληνική Γλώσσα, Kiní Neoellinikí Glóssa), generally referred to by speakers simply as Greek (Ελληνικά, italic), refers collectively to the dialects of the Greek language spoken in the modern era, including the official standardized form of the language sometimes referred to as Standard Modern Greek.
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Modern Greek phonology
This article deals with the phonology and phonetics of Standard Modern Greek.
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Modern Hebrew phonology
Modern Hebrew has 25 to 27 consonants and 5 to 10 vowels, depending on the speaker and the analysis.
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Momogun language
Kimaragang (Marigang), Tobilung, and Rungus are varieties of a single Austronesian language of Sabah, Malaysia.
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Palatalization (phonetics)
In phonetics, palatalization or palatization is a way of pronouncing a consonant in which part of the tongue is moved close to the hard palate.
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Phonetic transcription
Phonetic transcription (also known as phonetic script or phonetic notation) is the visual representation of speech sounds (or phones) by means of symbols.
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Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin, or simply pinyin, is the most common romanization system for Standard Chinese.
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Polish language
Polish (język polski,, polszczyzna or simply polski) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group within the Indo-European language family written in the Latin script.
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Polish orthography
Polish orthography is the system of writing the Polish language.
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Polish phonology
The phonological system of the Polish language is similar in many ways to those of other Slavic languages, although there are some characteristic features found in only a few other languages of the family, such as contrasting postalveolar and alveolo-palatal fricatives and affricates.
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Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
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Portuguese orthography
Portuguese orthography is based on the Latin alphabet and makes use of the acute accent, the circumflex accent, the grave accent, the tilde, and the cedilla to denote stress, vowel height, nasalization, and other sound changes.
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Portuguese phonology
The phonology of Portuguese varies among dialects, in extreme cases leading to some difficulties in mutual intelligibility.
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Romanian alphabet
The Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Romanian language.
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Romanian language
Romanian (obsolete spelling: Roumanian; limba română, or românește) is the official and main language of Romania and Moldova.
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Romanian phonology
In the phonology of the Romanian language, the phoneme inventory consists of seven vowels, two or four semivowels (different views exist), and twenty consonants.
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Romanization of Greek
Romanization of Greek is the transliteration (letter-mapping) or transcription (sound-mapping) of text from the Greek alphabet into the Latin alphabet.
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Romanization of Japanese
The romanization of Japanese is the use of Latin script to write the Japanese language.
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Romanization of Korean
The romanization of Korean (로마자 표기법; romaja pyogibeop) is the use of the Latin script to transcribe the Korean language.
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Russian language
Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.
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Russian orthography
Russian orthography is an orthographic tradition formally considered to encompass spelling (p) and punctuation (p).
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Russian phonology
This article discusses the phonological system of standard Russian based on the Moscow dialect (unless otherwise noted).
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Serbian Cyrillic alphabet
The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet (Српска ћирилица / Srpska ćirilica) is a variation of the Cyrillic script used to write the Serbian language, updated in 1818 by the Serbian philologist and linguist Vuk Karadžić.
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Serbo-Croatian
Serbo-Croatian – also called Serbo-Croat, Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro.
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Serbo-Croatian phonology
Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language with four national standards.
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Sesotho orthography
The orthography of the Sotho language is fairly recent and is based on the Latin script, but, like most languages written using the Latin alphabet, it does not use all the letters; as well, several digraphs and trigraphs are used to represent single sounds.
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Sorani
Sorani Kurdish (rtl, Kurmancîy Xwarû), also known as Central Kurdish, is a Kurdish dialect or a language spoken in Iraq, mainly in Iraqi Kurdistan, as well as the provinces of Kurdistan, Kermanshah, and West Azerbaijan in western Iran.
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Sotho language
Sotho Sesotho, also known as Southern Sotho or Sesotho sa Borwa is a Southern Bantu language of the Sotho–Tswana ("S.30") group, spoken in Lesotho, and South Africa where it is an official language.
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Sotho phonology
The phonology of Sesotho and those of the other Sotho–Tswana languages are radically different from those of "older" or more "stereotypical" Bantu languages.
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Southern Kurdish
Southern Kurdish (Kurdî Xwarîn) is one of the dialects of the Kurdish language, spoken predominantly in northeastern Iraq and western Iran.
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Spanish language
Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
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Spanish orthography
Spanish orthography is the orthography used in the Spanish language.
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Spanish phonology
This article is about the phonology and phonetics of the Spanish language.
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Standard Chinese
Standard Chinese is a modern standard form of Mandarin Chinese that was first codified during the republican era (1912‒1949).
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Standard Chinese phonology
The phonology of Standard Chinese has historically derived from the Beijing dialect of Mandarin.
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Standard German phonology
The phonology of Standard German is the standard pronunciation or accent of the German language.
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Swedish alphabet
The Swedish alphabet (Svenska alfabetet) is a basic element of the Latin writing system used for the Swedish language.
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Swedish language
Swedish (svenska) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family, spoken predominantly in Sweden and in parts of Finland.
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Swedish phonology
Swedish has a large vowel inventory, with nine vowels distinguished in quality and to some degree in quantity, making 18 vowel phonemes in most dialects.
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Tagalog language
Tagalog (Baybayin) is an Austronesian language spoken as a first language by the ethnic Tagalog people, who make up a quarter of the population of the Philippines, and as a second language by the majority.
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Thai language
Thai,In ภาษาไทย| ''Phasa Thai'' or Central Thai (historically Siamese;Although "Thai" and "Central Thai" have become more common, the older term, "Siamese", is still used by linguists, especially when it is being distinguished from other Tai languages (Diller 2008:6).
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Thai script
The Thai script (อักษรไทย) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand.
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Turkish alphabet
The Turkish alphabet (Türk alfabesi) is a Latin-script alphabet used for writing the Turkish language, consisting of 29 letters, seven of which (Ç, Ğ, I, İ, Ö, Ş and Ü) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language.
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Turkish language
Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.
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Turkish phonology
The phonology of Turkish deals with current phonology and phonetics, particularly of Istanbul Turkish.
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Ukrainian alphabet
The Ukrainian alphabet (or алфа́ві́т|abetka, azbuka alfavit) is the set of letters used to write Ukrainian, which is the official language of Ukraine.
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Ukrainian language
Ukrainian (label) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family spoken primarily in Ukraine.
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Ukrainian phonology
This article deals with the phonology of the standard Ukrainian language.
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Voiced palatal approximant
The voiced palatal approximant is a type of consonant used in many spoken languages.
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Vowel
A vowel is a syllabic speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract.
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Vowel length
In linguistics, vowel length is the perceived length of a vowel sound: the corresponding physical measurement is duration.
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Welsh language
Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people.
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Welsh phonology
The phonology of Welsh is characterised by a number of sounds that do not occur in English and are rare in European languages, such as the voiceless alveolar lateral fricative and several voiceless sonorants (nasals and liquids), some of which result from consonant mutation.
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Yoruba alphabet
The Yoruba alphabet (Yoruba: Álífábẹ́ẹ̀tì Yorùbá) is either of two Latin alphabets used to write the Yoruba language, one in Nigeria and one in neighboring Benin.
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Yoruba language
Yoruba (Yor. Èdè Yorùbá,; Ajami: عِدعِ يوْرُبا) is a language that is spoken in West Africa, primarily in Southwestern and Central Nigeria.
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See also
Close vowels
- Close back rounded vowel
- Close back unrounded vowel
- Close central rounded vowel
- Close central unrounded vowel
- Close front rounded vowel
- Close front unrounded vowel
Front vowels
- Close front rounded vowel
- Close front unrounded vowel
- Close-mid front rounded vowel
- Close-mid front unrounded vowel
- Front rounded vowel
- Mid front rounded vowel
- Mid front unrounded vowel
- Near-close near-front rounded vowel
- Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
- Near-open front unrounded vowel
- Open front rounded vowel
- Open front unrounded vowel
- Open-mid front rounded vowel
- Open-mid front unrounded vowel
Unrounded vowels
- Close back unrounded vowel
- Close central unrounded vowel
- Close front unrounded vowel
- Close-mid back unrounded vowel
- Close-mid central unrounded vowel
- Close-mid front unrounded vowel
- Mid back unrounded vowel
- Mid front unrounded vowel
- Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
- Near-open front unrounded vowel
- Open back unrounded vowel
- Open central unrounded vowel
- Open front unrounded vowel
- Open-mid back unrounded vowel
- Open-mid central unrounded vowel
- Open-mid front unrounded vowel
References
Also known as /i/, Close unrounded front vowel, High front unrounded vowel, I (IPA), IPA i, Iː, Iː (IPA).