Faster access than browser!
249 relations: Absolute space and time, Accelerating expansion of the universe, Aether (classical element), Age of the universe, Akkadian literature, Al-Birjandi, Al-Ghazali, Al-Kindi, Alan Guth, Albert Einstein, Alexander Friedmann, Ali Qushji, Almagest, Anaxagoras, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Andrei Linde, Andromeda Galaxy, Annihilation, Antimatter, Aristarchus of Samos, Aristotle, Arno Allan Penzias, Arthur Eddington, Arthur Geoffrey Walker, Aryabhata, Astronomical object, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Atom, Atomism, BBC News, Belgium, Biblical cosmology, Big Bang, Big Crunch, Big History, Brane, Brans–Dicke theory, Carl Benjamin Boyer, Carl H. Brans, Causality, Celestial mechanics, Celestial sphere, Celestial spheres, Cepheid variable, Christian philosophy, Christian Wolff (philosopher), Chronology of the universe, Classical element, ..., Copernican heliocentrism, Copernican principle, Cosmic Background Explorer, Cosmic microwave background, Cosmogony, Cosmography, Cosmological constant, Cosmos, Creation myth, Creationism, Cyclic model, Dark energy, Dark matter, David Spergel, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, De Sitter universe, Deceleration parameter, Deferent and epicycle, Deity, Denis Diderot, Dennis Overbye, Dialectic, Dirac large numbers hypothesis, Double layer (plasma physics), Dynamism (metaphysics), Early Islamic philosophy, Earth science, Earth's rotation, Edge Foundation, Inc., Edward Arthur Milne, Edwin Hubble, Eleatics, Elliptic orbit, Emanationism, Encyclopédie, Entropy, Epicurus, Epistemological rupture, Epistemology, Equant, Ernst Öpik, Eschatology, Eternal inflation, Expansion of the universe, Fakhr al-Din al-Razi, Ferrara, Firmament, Flatness problem, Fred Hoyle, Friedmann equations, Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric, Galaxy, Galaxy formation and evolution, Galaxy rotation curve, Galileo Galilei, General relativity, Genesis creation narrative, Geocentric model, Georges Lemaître, German philosophy, Giordano Bruno, Gravitational constant, Gravitational lens, Gravitational wave, Great Debate (astronomy), Hannes Alfvén, Harlow Shapley, Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Heaven, Heber Doust Curtis, Heliocentrism, Hermann Bondi, Hindu cosmology, Horizon problem, Howard P. Robertson, Hylomorphism, Hyperbolic space, Hypothesis, Ibn al-Shatir, Illustris project, Immanuel Kant, Inertia, Infinity, Inflation (cosmology), Isaac Newton, Italy, Jain Agamas, Jain cosmology, Jainism, Jainism and non-creationism, Jewish philosophy, Johann Heinrich Lambert, Johannes Kepler, John Philoponus, Kalam, Karl Schwarzschild, Kepler's laws of planetary motion, Lambda-CDM model, Laws of science, Leucippus, List of astronomers, Loka, M-theory, Mach's principle, Mahavira, Maragheh observatory, Marcus Aurelius, Matter, Mechanism (philosophy), Medieval philosophy, Metaphysics, Milky Way, Milne model, Monism, Moon, Multiverse, Mythology, NASA, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, National Academy of Sciences, National Science Foundation, Nebula, Neil Turok, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Nicolaus Copernicus, Nilakantha Somayaji, Non-standard cosmology, Observational astronomy, On the Heavens, On the Universe, Orbifold, Oskar Klein, Pantheism, Parmenides, Particle physics, Paul Dirac, Paul Frampton, Paul Steinhardt, Phantom energy, Philolaus, Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Philosophy, Philosophy of physics, Philosophy of space and time, Physical cosmology, Physical law, Physics, Planck (spacecraft), Planet, Plasma cosmology, Pseudo-Aristotle, Ptolemy, Pythagorean astronomical system, Quantum foam, Quintessence (physics), Radiation, Redshift, Redshift survey, Religion, Religious cosmology, René Descartes, Richard C. Tolman, Riemann sphere, Rigveda, Robert H. Dicke, Robert Woodrow Wilson, Saadia Gaon, Scale factor (cosmology), Science, Shape of the universe, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, Special relativity, Speed of light, Star system, Static universe, Steady State theory, Stoicism, Supernova, Taiji (philosophy), Teleology, The New York Times, The Sophia Centre, Theory, Thomas Blount (lexicographer), Thomas Gold, Tusi couple, Tycho Brahe, Tychonic system, Ultimate fate of the universe, Universe, Warm inflation, Washington, D.C., Western esotericism, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, Willem de Sitter, William Duncan MacMillan, William McCrea (astronomer), 1,000,000,000, 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey. Expand index (199 more) »
Absolute space and time
Absolute space and time is a concept in physics and philosophy about the properties of the universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Absolute space and time · See more »
Accelerating expansion of the universe
The accelerating expansion of the universe is the observation that the universe appears to be expanding at an increasing rate, so that the velocity at which a distant galaxy is receding from the observer is continuously increasing with time.
New!!: Cosmology and Accelerating expansion of the universe · See more »
Aether (classical element)
According to ancient and medieval science, aether (αἰθήρ aithēr), also spelled æther or ether and also called quintessence, is the material that fills the region of the universe above the terrestrial sphere.
New!!: Cosmology and Aether (classical element) · See more »
Age of the universe
In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang.
New!!: Cosmology and Age of the universe · See more »
Akkadian literature
Akkadian literature is the ancient literature written in the Akkadian language (Assyrian and Babylonian dialects) written in Mesopotamia (Assyria and Babylonia) during the period spanning the Middle Bronze Age to the Iron Age (roughly the 23rd to 6th centuries BC).
New!!: Cosmology and Akkadian literature · See more »
Al-Birjandi
Abd Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Husayn Birjandi (عبدعلی محمد بن حسین بیرجندی) (died 1528) was a prominent 16th-century Persian astronomer, mathematician and physicist who lived in Birjand.
New!!: Cosmology and Al-Birjandi · See more »
Al-Ghazali
Al-Ghazali (full name Abū Ḥāmid Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad al-Ghazālī أبو حامد محمد بن محمد الغزالي; latinized Algazelus or Algazel, – 19 December 1111) was one of the most prominent and influential philosophers, theologians, jurists, and mysticsLudwig W. Adamec (2009), Historical Dictionary of Islam, p.109.
New!!: Cosmology and Al-Ghazali · See more »
Al-Kindi
Abu Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (أبو يوسف يعقوب بن إسحاق الصبّاح الكندي; Alkindus; c. 801–873 AD) was an Arab Muslim philosopher, polymath, mathematician, physician and musician.
New!!: Cosmology and Al-Kindi · See more »
Alan Guth
Alan Harvey Guth (born February 27, 1947) is an American theoretical physicist and cosmologist.
New!!: Cosmology and Alan Guth · See more »
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics (alongside quantum mechanics).
New!!: Cosmology and Albert Einstein · See more »
Alexander Friedmann
Alexander Alexandrovich Friedmann (also spelled Friedman or Fridman; Алекса́ндр Алекса́ндрович Фри́дман) (June 16, 1888 – September 16, 1925) was a Russian and Soviet physicist and mathematician.
New!!: Cosmology and Alexander Friedmann · See more »
Ali Qushji
Ala al-Dīn Ali ibn Muhammed (1403 – 16 December 1474), known as Ali Qushji (Ottoman Turkish/Persian language: علی قوشچی, kuşçu – falconer in Turkish; Latin: Ali Kushgii) was an astronomer, mathematician and physicist originally from Samarkand, who settled in the Ottoman Empire some time before 1472.
New!!: Cosmology and Ali Qushji · See more »
Almagest
The Almagest is a 2nd-century Greek-language mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy. One of the most influential scientific texts of all time, its geocentric model was accepted for more than 1200 years from its origin in Hellenistic Alexandria, in the medieval Byzantine and Islamic worlds, and in Western Europe through the Middle Ages and early Renaissance until Copernicus.
New!!: Cosmology and Almagest · See more »
Anaxagoras
Anaxagoras (Ἀναξαγόρας, Anaxagoras, "lord of the assembly"; BC) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher.
New!!: Cosmology and Anaxagoras · See more »
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece was a civilization belonging to a period of Greek history from the Greek Dark Ages of the 13th–9th centuries BC to the end of antiquity (AD 600).
New!!: Cosmology and Ancient Greece · See more »
Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
New!!: Cosmology and Ancient Greek · See more »
Andrei Linde
Andrei Dmitriyevich Linde (Андре́й Дми́триевич Ли́нде; born March 2, 1948) is a Russian-American theoretical physicist and the Harald Trap Friis Professor of Physics at Stanford University.
New!!: Cosmology and Andrei Linde · See more »
Andromeda Galaxy
The Andromeda Galaxy, also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224, is a spiral galaxy approximately 780 kiloparsecs (2.5 million light-years) from Earth, and the nearest major galaxy to the Milky Way.
New!!: Cosmology and Andromeda Galaxy · See more »
Annihilation
In particle physics, annihilation is the process that occurs when a subatomic particle collides with its respective antiparticle to produce other particles, such as an electron colliding with a positron to produce two photons.
New!!: Cosmology and Annihilation · See more »
Antimatter
In modern physics, antimatter is defined as a material composed of the antiparticle (or "partners") to the corresponding particles of ordinary matter.
New!!: Cosmology and Antimatter · See more »
Aristarchus of Samos
Aristarchus of Samos (Ἀρίσταρχος ὁ Σάμιος, Aristarkhos ho Samios; c. 310 – c. 230 BC) was an ancient Greek astronomer and mathematician who presented the first known model that placed the Sun at the center of the known universe with the Earth revolving around it (see Solar system).
New!!: Cosmology and Aristarchus of Samos · See more »
Aristotle
Aristotle (Ἀριστοτέλης Aristotélēs,; 384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and scientist born in the city of Stagira, Chalkidiki, in the north of Classical Greece.
New!!: Cosmology and Aristotle · See more »
Arno Allan Penzias
Arno Allan Penzias (born 26 April 1933) is an American physicist, radio astronomer and Nobel laureate in physics who is co-discoverer of the cosmic microwave background radiation along with Robert Woodrow Wilson, which helped establish the Big Bang theory of cosmology.
New!!: Cosmology and Arno Allan Penzias · See more »
Arthur Eddington
Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician of the early 20th century who did his greatest work in astrophysics.
New!!: Cosmology and Arthur Eddington · See more »
Arthur Geoffrey Walker
Arthur Geoffrey Walker (17 July 1909 in Watford, Hertfordshire, England – 31 March 2001) was a leading mathematician who made important contributions to physics and physical cosmology.
New!!: Cosmology and Arthur Geoffrey Walker · See more »
Aryabhata
Aryabhata (IAST) or Aryabhata I (476–550 CE) was the first of the major mathematician-astronomers from the classical age of Indian mathematics and Indian astronomy.
New!!: Cosmology and Aryabhata · See more »
Astronomical object
An astronomical object or celestial object is a naturally occurring physical entity, association, or structure that exists in the observable universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Astronomical object · See more »
Astronomy
Astronomy (from ἀστρονομία) is a natural science that studies celestial objects and phenomena.
New!!: Cosmology and Astronomy · See more »
Astrophysics
Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that employs the principles of physics and chemistry "to ascertain the nature of the astronomical objects, rather than their positions or motions in space".
New!!: Cosmology and Astrophysics · See more »
Atom
An atom is the smallest constituent unit of ordinary matter that has the properties of a chemical element.
New!!: Cosmology and Atom · See more »
Atomism
Atomism (from Greek ἄτομον, atomon, i.e. "uncuttable", "indivisible") is a natural philosophy that developed in several ancient traditions.
New!!: Cosmology and Atomism · See more »
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.
New!!: Cosmology and BBC News · See more »
Belgium
Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.
New!!: Cosmology and Belgium · See more »
Biblical cosmology
Biblical cosmology is the biblical writers' conception of the cosmos as an organised, structured entity, including its origin, order, meaning and destiny.
New!!: Cosmology and Biblical cosmology · See more »
Big Bang
The Big Bang theory is the prevailing cosmological model for the universe from the earliest known periods through its subsequent large-scale evolution.
New!!: Cosmology and Big Bang · See more »
Big Crunch
The Big Crunch is one possible scenario for the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the metric expansion of space eventually reverses and the universe recollapses, ultimately causing the cosmic scale factor to reach zero or causing a reformation of the universe starting with another Big Bang.
New!!: Cosmology and Big Crunch · See more »
Big History
Big History is an academic discipline which examines history from the Big Bang to the present.
New!!: Cosmology and Big History · See more »
Brane
In string theory and related theories such as supergravity theories, a brane is a physical object that generalizes the notion of a point particle to higher dimensions.
New!!: Cosmology and Brane · See more »
Brans–Dicke theory
In theoretical physics, the Brans–Dicke theory of gravitation (sometimes called the Jordan–Brans–Dicke theory) is a theoretical framework to explain gravitation.
New!!: Cosmology and Brans–Dicke theory · See more »
Carl Benjamin Boyer
Carl Benjamin Boyer (November 3, 1906 – April 26, 1976) was an American historian of sciences, and especially mathematics.
New!!: Cosmology and Carl Benjamin Boyer · See more »
Carl H. Brans
Carl Henry Brans (born December 13, 1935) is an American mathematical physicist best known for his research into the theoretical underpinnings of gravitation elucidated in his most widely publicized work, the Brans–Dicke theory.
New!!: Cosmology and Carl H. Brans · See more »
Causality
Causality (also referred to as causation, or cause and effect) is what connects one process (the cause) with another process or state (the effect), where the first is partly responsible for the second, and the second is partly dependent on the first.
New!!: Cosmology and Causality · See more »
Celestial mechanics
Celestial mechanics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the motions of celestial objects.
New!!: Cosmology and Celestial mechanics · See more »
Celestial sphere
In astronomy and navigation, the celestial sphere is an abstract sphere with an arbitrarily large radius concentric to Earth.
New!!: Cosmology and Celestial sphere · See more »
Celestial spheres
The celestial spheres, or celestial orbs, were the fundamental entities of the cosmological models developed by Plato, Eudoxus, Aristotle, Ptolemy, Copernicus, and others.
New!!: Cosmology and Celestial spheres · See more »
Cepheid variable
A Cepheid variable is a type of star that pulsates radially, varying in both diameter and temperature and producing changes in brightness with a well-defined stable period and amplitude.
New!!: Cosmology and Cepheid variable · See more »
Christian philosophy
Christian philosophy is a development in philosophy that is characterised by coming from a Christian tradition.
New!!: Cosmology and Christian philosophy · See more »
Christian Wolff (philosopher)
Christian Wolff (less correctly Wolf,; also known as Wolfius; ennobled as Christian Freiherr von Wolff; 24 January 1679 – 9 April 1754) was a German philosopher.
New!!: Cosmology and Christian Wolff (philosopher) · See more »
Chronology of the universe
The chronology of the universe describes the history and future of the universe according to Big Bang cosmology.
New!!: Cosmology and Chronology of the universe · See more »
Classical element
Classical elements typically refer to the concepts in ancient Greece of earth, water, air, fire, and aether, which were proposed to explain the nature and complexity of all matter in terms of simpler substances.
New!!: Cosmology and Classical element · See more »
Copernican heliocentrism
Copernican heliocentrism is the name given to the astronomical model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543.
New!!: Cosmology and Copernican heliocentrism · See more »
Copernican principle
In physical cosmology, the Copernican principle, is an alternative name of the mediocrity principle, or the principle of relativity, stating that humans (the Earth, or the Solar system) are not privileged observers of the universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Copernican principle · See more »
Cosmic Background Explorer
The Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE), also referred to as Explorer 66, was a satellite dedicated to cosmology, which operated from 1989 to 1993.
New!!: Cosmology and Cosmic Background Explorer · See more »
Cosmic microwave background
The cosmic microwave background (CMB, CMBR) is electromagnetic radiation as a remnant from an early stage of the universe in Big Bang cosmology.
New!!: Cosmology and Cosmic microwave background · See more »
Cosmogony
Cosmogony is any model concerning the origin of either the cosmos or universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Cosmogony · See more »
Cosmography
Cosmography is the science that maps the general features of the cosmos or universe, describing both heaven and Earth (but without encroaching on geography or astronomy).
New!!: Cosmology and Cosmography · See more »
Cosmological constant
In cosmology, the cosmological constant (usually denoted by the Greek capital letter lambda: Λ) is the value of the energy density of the vacuum of space.
New!!: Cosmology and Cosmological constant · See more »
Cosmos
The cosmos is the universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Cosmos · See more »
Creation myth
A creation myth (or cosmogonic myth) is a symbolic narrative of how the world began and how people first came to inhabit it.
New!!: Cosmology and Creation myth · See more »
Creationism
Creationism is the religious belief that the universe and life originated "from specific acts of divine creation",Gunn 2004, p. 9, "The Concise Oxford Dictionary says that creationism is 'the belief that the universe and living organisms originated from specific acts of divine creation.'" as opposed to the scientific conclusion that they came about through natural processes.
New!!: Cosmology and Creationism · See more »
Cyclic model
A cyclic model (or oscillating model) is any of several cosmological models in which the universe follows infinite, or indefinite, self-sustaining cycles.
New!!: Cosmology and Cyclic model · See more »
Dark energy
In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy which is hypothesized to permeate all of space, tending to accelerate the expansion of the universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Dark energy · See more »
Dark matter
Dark matter is a theorized form of matter that is thought to account for approximately 80% of the matter in the universe, and about a quarter of its total energy density.
New!!: Cosmology and Dark matter · See more »
David Spergel
David Nathaniel Spergel (born March 25, 1961), is an American theoretical astrophysicist and Princeton University professor known for his work on the WMAP (Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) mission.
New!!: Cosmology and David Spergel · See more »
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) is the seminal work on the heliocentric theory of the Renaissance astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543).
New!!: Cosmology and De revolutionibus orbium coelestium · See more »
De Sitter universe
A de Sitter universe is a cosmological solution to the Einstein field equations of general relativity, named after Willem de Sitter.
New!!: Cosmology and De Sitter universe · See more »
Deceleration parameter
The deceleration parameter q in cosmology is a dimensionless measure of the cosmic acceleration of the expansion of space in a Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Deceleration parameter · See more »
Deferent and epicycle
In the Hipparchian and Ptolemaic systems of astronomy, the epicycle (from ἐπίκυκλος, literally upon the circle, meaning circle moving on another circle) was a geometric model used to explain the variations in speed and direction of the apparent motion of the Moon, Sun, and planets.
New!!: Cosmology and Deferent and epicycle · See more »
Deity
A deity is a supernatural being considered divine or sacred.
New!!: Cosmology and Deity · See more »
Denis Diderot
Denis Diderot (5 October 171331 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer, best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the Encyclopédie along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert.
New!!: Cosmology and Denis Diderot · See more »
Dennis Overbye
Dennis Overbye (born June 2, 1944 in Seattle, Washington) is a science writer specializing in physics and cosmology.
New!!: Cosmology and Dennis Overbye · See more »
Dialectic
Dialectic or dialectics (διαλεκτική, dialektikḗ; related to dialogue), also known as the dialectical method, is at base a discourse between two or more people holding different points of view about a subject but wishing to establish the truth through reasoned arguments.
New!!: Cosmology and Dialectic · See more »
Dirac large numbers hypothesis
The Dirac large numbers hypothesis (LNH) is an observation made by Paul Dirac in 1937 relating ratios of size scales in the Universe to that of force scales.
New!!: Cosmology and Dirac large numbers hypothesis · See more »
Double layer (plasma physics)
A double layer is a structure in a plasma consisting of two parallel layers of opposite electrical charge.
New!!: Cosmology and Double layer (plasma physics) · See more »
Dynamism (metaphysics)
Dynamism is a general name for a group of philosophical views concerning the nature of matter.
New!!: Cosmology and Dynamism (metaphysics) · See more »
Early Islamic philosophy
Early Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar (early 9th century CE) and lasting until the 6th century AH (late 12th century CE).
New!!: Cosmology and Early Islamic philosophy · See more »
Earth science
Earth science or geoscience is a widely embraced term for the fields of natural science related to the planet Earth.
New!!: Cosmology and Earth science · See more »
Earth's rotation
Earth's rotation is the rotation of Planet Earth around its own axis.
New!!: Cosmology and Earth's rotation · See more »
Edge Foundation, Inc.
The Edge Foundation, Inc. is an association of science and technology intellectuals created in 1988 as an outgrowth of The Reality Club.
New!!: Cosmology and Edge Foundation, Inc. · See more »
Edward Arthur Milne
Edward Arthur Milne FRS (14 February 1896 – 21 September 1950) was a British astrophysicist and mathematician.
New!!: Cosmology and Edward Arthur Milne · See more »
Edwin Hubble
Edwin Powell Hubble (November 20, 1889 – September 28, 1953) was an American astronomer.
New!!: Cosmology and Edwin Hubble · See more »
Eleatics
The Eleatics were a pre-Socratic school of philosophy founded by Parmenides in the early fifth century BC in the ancient town of Elea.
New!!: Cosmology and Eleatics · See more »
Elliptic orbit
In astrodynamics or celestial mechanics, an elliptic orbit or elliptical orbit is a Kepler orbit with an eccentricity of less than 1; this includes the special case of a circular orbit, with eccentricity equal to 0.
New!!: Cosmology and Elliptic orbit · See more »
Emanationism
Emanationism is an idea in the cosmology or cosmogony of certain religious or philosophical systems.
New!!: Cosmology and Emanationism · See more »
Encyclopédie
Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (English: Encyclopedia, or a Systematic Dictionary of the Sciences, Arts, and Crafts), better known as Encyclopédie, was a general encyclopedia published in France between 1751 and 1772, with later supplements, revised editions, and translations.
New!!: Cosmology and Encyclopédie · See more »
Entropy
In statistical mechanics, entropy is an extensive property of a thermodynamic system.
New!!: Cosmology and Entropy · See more »
Epicurus
Epicurus (Ἐπίκουρος, Epíkouros, "ally, comrade"; 341–270 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher who founded a school of philosophy now called Epicureanism.
New!!: Cosmology and Epicurus · See more »
Epistemological rupture
Epistemological rupture (epistemological break or epistemological obstacle; obstacle épistémologique, rupture épistémologique), is a notion introduced in 1938 by French philosopher Gaston Bachelard, and later used by Louis Althusser.
New!!: Cosmology and Epistemological rupture · See more »
Epistemology
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.
New!!: Cosmology and Epistemology · See more »
Equant
Equant (or punctum aequans) is a mathematical concept developed by Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD to account for the observed motion of the planets.
New!!: Cosmology and Equant · See more »
Ernst Öpik
Ernst Julius Öpik (– 10 September 1985) was an Estonian astronomer and astrophysicist who spent the second half of his career (1948–1981) at the Armagh Observatory in Northern Ireland.
New!!: Cosmology and Ernst Öpik · See more »
Eschatology
Eschatology is a part of theology concerned with the final events of history, or the ultimate destiny of humanity.
New!!: Cosmology and Eschatology · See more »
Eternal inflation
Eternal inflation is a hypothetical inflationary universe model, which is itself an outgrowth or extension of the Big Bang theory.
New!!: Cosmology and Eternal inflation · See more »
Expansion of the universe
The expansion of the universe is the increase of the distance between two distant parts of the universe with time.
New!!: Cosmology and Expansion of the universe · See more »
Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī or Fakhruddin Razi (فخر الدين رازي) was an Iranian Sunni Muslim theologian and philosopher He was born in 1149 in Rey (in modern-day Iran), and died in 1209 in Herat (in modern-day Afghanistan).
New!!: Cosmology and Fakhr al-Din al-Razi · See more »
Ferrara
Ferrara (Ferrarese: Fràra) is a town and comune in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital of the Province of Ferrara.
New!!: Cosmology and Ferrara · See more »
Firmament
In Biblical cosmology, the firmament is the structure above the atmosphere of Earth, conceived as a vast solid dome.
New!!: Cosmology and Firmament · See more »
Flatness problem
The flatness problem (also known as the oldness problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Flatness problem · See more »
Fred Hoyle
Sir Fred Hoyle FRS (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was a British astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis.
New!!: Cosmology and Fred Hoyle · See more »
Friedmann equations
The Friedmann equations are a set of equations in physical cosmology that govern the expansion of space in homogeneous and isotropic models of the universe within the context of general relativity.
New!!: Cosmology and Friedmann equations · See more »
Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric
The Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) metric is an exact solution of Einstein's field equations of general relativity; it describes a homogeneous, isotropic, expanding or contracting universe that is path connected, but not necessarily simply connected.
New!!: Cosmology and Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric · See more »
Galaxy
A galaxy is a gravitationally bound system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter.
New!!: Cosmology and Galaxy · See more »
Galaxy formation and evolution
The study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies.
New!!: Cosmology and Galaxy formation and evolution · See more »
Galaxy rotation curve
The rotation curve of a disc galaxy (also called a velocity curve) is a plot of the orbital speeds of visible stars or gas in that galaxy versus their radial distance from that galaxy's centre.
New!!: Cosmology and Galaxy rotation curve · See more »
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564Drake (1978, p. 1). The date of Galileo's birth is given according to the Julian calendar, which was then in force throughout Christendom. In 1582 it was replaced in Italy and several other Catholic countries with the Gregorian calendar. Unless otherwise indicated, dates in this article are given according to the Gregorian calendar. – 8 January 1642) was an Italian polymath.
New!!: Cosmology and Galileo Galilei · See more »
General relativity
General relativity (GR, also known as the general theory of relativity or GTR) is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and the current description of gravitation in modern physics.
New!!: Cosmology and General relativity · See more »
Genesis creation narrative
The Genesis creation narrative is the creation myth of both Judaism and Christianity.
New!!: Cosmology and Genesis creation narrative · See more »
Geocentric model
In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the universe with Earth at the center.
New!!: Cosmology and Geocentric model · See more »
Georges Lemaître
Georges Henri Joseph Édouard Lemaître, RAS Associate (17 July 1894 – 20 June 1966) was a Belgian Catholic Priest, astronomer and professor of physics at the Catholic University of Leuven.
New!!: Cosmology and Georges Lemaître · See more »
German philosophy
German philosophy, here taken to mean either (1) philosophy in the German language or (2) philosophy by Germans, has been extremely diverse, and central to both the analytic and continental traditions in philosophy for centuries, from Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz through Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Arthur Schopenhauer, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger and Ludwig Wittgenstein to contemporary philosophers.
New!!: Cosmology and German philosophy · See more »
Giordano Bruno
Giordano Bruno (Iordanus Brunus Nolanus; 1548 – 17 February 1600), born Filippo Bruno, was an Italian Dominican friar, philosopher, mathematician, poet, and cosmological theorist.
New!!: Cosmology and Giordano Bruno · See more »
Gravitational constant
The gravitational constant (also known as the "universal gravitational constant", the "Newtonian constant of gravitation", or the "Cavendish gravitational constant"), denoted by the letter, is an empirical physical constant involved in the calculation of gravitational effects in Sir Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.
New!!: Cosmology and Gravitational constant · See more »
Gravitational lens
A gravitational lens is a distribution of matter (such as a cluster of galaxies) between a distant light source and an observer, that is capable of bending the light from the source as the light travels towards the observer.
New!!: Cosmology and Gravitational lens · See more »
Gravitational wave
Gravitational waves are the disturbance in the fabric ("curvature") of spacetime generated by accelerated masses and propagate as waves outward from their source at the speed of light.
New!!: Cosmology and Gravitational wave · See more »
Great Debate (astronomy)
The Great Debate, also called the Shapley–Curtis Debate, was held on 26 April 1920 at the Smithsonian Museum of Natural History, between the astronomers Harlow Shapley and Heber Curtis.
New!!: Cosmology and Great Debate (astronomy) · See more »
Hannes Alfvén
Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (30 May 1908 – 2 April 1995) was a Swedish electrical engineer, plasma physicist and winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on magnetohydrodynamics (MHD).
New!!: Cosmology and Hannes Alfvén · See more »
Harlow Shapley
Harlow Shapley (November 2, 1885 – October 20, 1972) was a 20th-century American scientist, head of the Harvard College Observatory (1921–1952), and political activist during the latter New Deal and Fair Deal.
New!!: Cosmology and Harlow Shapley · See more »
Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
The Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA) is a research institute which carries out a broad program of research in astronomy, astrophysics, earth and space sciences, and science education.
New!!: Cosmology and Harvard–Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics · See more »
Heaven
Heaven, or the heavens, is a common religious, cosmological, or transcendent place where beings such as gods, angels, spirits, saints, or venerated ancestors are said to originate, be enthroned, or live.
New!!: Cosmology and Heaven · See more »
Heber Doust Curtis
Heber Doust Curtis (June 27, 1872 – January 9, 1942) was an American astronomer.
New!!: Cosmology and Heber Doust Curtis · See more »
Heliocentrism
Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System.
New!!: Cosmology and Heliocentrism · See more »
Hermann Bondi
Sir Hermann Bondi (1 November 1919 – 10 September 2005) was an Anglo-Austrian mathematician and cosmologist.
New!!: Cosmology and Hermann Bondi · See more »
Hindu cosmology
In Hindu cosmology, the universe is cyclically created and destroyed.
New!!: Cosmology and Hindu cosmology · See more »
Horizon problem
The horizon problem (also known as the homogeneity problem) is a cosmological fine-tuning problem within the Big Bang model of the universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Horizon problem · See more »
Howard P. Robertson
Howard Percy "Bob" Robertson (January 27, 1903 – August 26, 1961) was an American mathematician and physicist known for contributions related to physical cosmology and the uncertainty principle.
New!!: Cosmology and Howard P. Robertson · See more »
Hylomorphism
Hylomorphism (or hylemorphism) is a philosophical theory developed by Aristotle, which conceives being (ousia) as a compound of matter and form.
New!!: Cosmology and Hylomorphism · See more »
Hyperbolic space
In mathematics, hyperbolic space is a homogeneous space that has a constant negative curvature, where in this case the curvature is the sectional curvature.
New!!: Cosmology and Hyperbolic space · See more »
Hypothesis
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
New!!: Cosmology and Hypothesis · See more »
Ibn al-Shatir
ʿAlāʾ al‐Dīn ʿAlī ibn Ibrāhīm known as Ibn al-Shatir or Ibn ash-Shatir (ابن الشاطر; 1304–1375) was an Arab astronomer, mathematician and engineer.
New!!: Cosmology and Ibn al-Shatir · See more »
Illustris project
The Illustris project is an ongoing series of astrophysical simulations run by an international collaboration of scientists.
New!!: Cosmology and Illustris project · See more »
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher who is a central figure in modern philosophy.
New!!: Cosmology and Immanuel Kant · See more »
Inertia
Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to any change in its position and state of motion.
New!!: Cosmology and Inertia · See more »
Infinity
Infinity (symbol) is a concept describing something without any bound or larger than any natural number.
New!!: Cosmology and Infinity · See more »
Inflation (cosmology)
In physical cosmology, cosmic inflation, cosmological inflation, or just inflation, is a theory of exponential expansion of space in the early universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Inflation (cosmology) · See more »
Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, astronomer, theologian, author and physicist (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution.
New!!: Cosmology and Isaac Newton · See more »
Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
New!!: Cosmology and Italy · See more »
Jain Agamas
Agamas are texts of Jainism based on the discourses of the tirthankara.
New!!: Cosmology and Jain Agamas · See more »
Jain cosmology
Jain cosmology is the description of the shape and functioning of the Universe (loka) and its constituents (such as living beings, matter, space, time etc.) according to Jainism.
New!!: Cosmology and Jain cosmology · See more »
Jainism
Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion.
New!!: Cosmology and Jainism · See more »
Jainism and non-creationism
Jainism does not support belief in a creator deity.
New!!: Cosmology and Jainism and non-creationism · See more »
Jewish philosophy
Jewish philosophy includes all philosophy carried out by Jews, or in relation to the religion of Judaism.
New!!: Cosmology and Jewish philosophy · See more »
Johann Heinrich Lambert
Johann Heinrich Lambert (Jean-Henri Lambert in French; 26 August 1728 – 25 September 1777) was a Swiss polymath who made important contributions to the subjects of mathematics, physics (particularly optics), philosophy, astronomy and map projections.
New!!: Cosmology and Johann Heinrich Lambert · See more »
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630) was a German mathematician, astronomer, and astrologer.
New!!: Cosmology and Johannes Kepler · See more »
John Philoponus
John Philoponus (Ἰωάννης ὁ Φιλόπονος; c. 490 – c. 570), also known as John the Grammarian or John of Alexandria, was an Alexandrian philologist, Aristotelian commentator and Christian theologian, author of a considerable number of philosophical treatises and theological works.
New!!: Cosmology and John Philoponus · See more »
Kalam
ʿIlm al-Kalām (عِلْم الكَلام, literally "science of discourse"),Winter, Tim J. "Introduction." Introduction.
New!!: Cosmology and Kalam · See more »
Karl Schwarzschild
Karl Schwarzschild (October 9, 1873 – May 11, 1916) was a German physicist and astronomer.
New!!: Cosmology and Karl Schwarzschild · See more »
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
In astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion are three scientific laws describing the motion of planets around the Sun.
New!!: Cosmology and Kepler's laws of planetary motion · See more »
Lambda-CDM model
The ΛCDM (Lambda cold dark matter) or Lambda-CDM model is a parametrization of the Big Bang cosmological model in which the universe contains a cosmological constant, denoted by Lambda (Greek Λ), associated with dark energy, and cold dark matter (abbreviated CDM).
New!!: Cosmology and Lambda-CDM model · See more »
Laws of science
The laws of science, scientific laws, or scientific principles are statements that describe or predict a range of phenomena as they appear in nature.
New!!: Cosmology and Laws of science · See more »
Leucippus
Leucippus (Λεύκιππος, Leúkippos; fl. 5th cent. BCE) is reported in some ancient sources to have been a philosopher who was the earliest Greek to develop the theory of atomism—the idea that everything is composed entirely of various imperishable, indivisible elements called atoms.
New!!: Cosmology and Leucippus · See more »
List of astronomers
The following are list of astronomers, astrophysicists and other notable people who have made contributions to the field of astronomy.
New!!: Cosmology and List of astronomers · See more »
Loka
Loka is a Sanskrit word for "world".
New!!: Cosmology and Loka · See more »
M-theory
M-theory is a theory in physics that unifies all consistent versions of superstring theory.
New!!: Cosmology and M-theory · See more »
Mach's principle
In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of gravitation theories, Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Einstein to an imprecise hypothesis often credited to the physicist and philosopher Ernst Mach.
New!!: Cosmology and Mach's principle · See more »
Mahavira
Mahavira (IAST), also known as Vardhamāna, was the twenty-fourth Tirthankara (ford-maker) of Jainism which was revived and re-established by him.
New!!: Cosmology and Mahavira · See more »
Maragheh observatory
Maragheh observatory (رصدخانه مراغه), was an institutionalized astronomical observatory which was established in 1259 CE under the patronage of the Ilkhanid Hulagu and the directorship of Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, a Persian scientist and astronomer.
New!!: Cosmology and Maragheh observatory · See more »
Marcus Aurelius
Marcus Aurelius (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus; 26 April 121 – 17 March 180 AD) was Roman emperor from, ruling jointly with his adoptive brother, Lucius Verus, until Verus' death in 169, and jointly with his son, Commodus, from 177.
New!!: Cosmology and Marcus Aurelius · See more »
Matter
In the classical physics observed in everyday life, matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume.
New!!: Cosmology and Matter · See more »
Mechanism (philosophy)
Mechanism is the belief that natural wholes (principally living things) are like complicated machines or artifacts, composed of parts lacking any intrinsic relationship to each other.
New!!: Cosmology and Mechanism (philosophy) · See more »
Medieval philosophy
Medieval philosophy is the philosophy in the era now known as medieval or the Middle Ages, the period roughly extending from the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century A.D. to the Renaissance in the 16th century.
New!!: Cosmology and Medieval philosophy · See more »
Metaphysics
Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that explores the nature of being, existence, and reality.
New!!: Cosmology and Metaphysics · See more »
Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that contains our Solar System.
New!!: Cosmology and Milky Way · See more »
Milne model
The Milne model was a special-relativistic cosmological model proposed by Edward Arthur Milne in 1935.
New!!: Cosmology and Milne model · See more »
Monism
Monism attributes oneness or singleness (Greek: μόνος) to a concept e.g., existence.
New!!: Cosmology and Monism · See more »
Moon
The Moon is an astronomical body that orbits planet Earth and is Earth's only permanent natural satellite.
New!!: Cosmology and Moon · See more »
Multiverse
The multiverse (or meta-universe) is a hypothetical group of multiple separate universes including the universe in which humans live.
New!!: Cosmology and Multiverse · See more »
Mythology
Mythology refers variously to the collected myths of a group of people or to the study of such myths.
New!!: Cosmology and Mythology · See more »
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
New!!: Cosmology and NASA · See more »
Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
Muhammad ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hasan al-Tūsī (محمد بن محمد بن حسن طوسی‎ 18 February 1201 – 26 June 1274), better known as Nasir al-Din Tusi (نصیر الدین طوسی; or simply Tusi in the West), was a Persian polymath, architect, philosopher, physician, scientist, and theologian.
New!!: Cosmology and Nasir al-Din al-Tusi · See more »
National Academy of Sciences
The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization.
New!!: Cosmology and National Academy of Sciences · See more »
National Science Foundation
The National Science Foundation (NSF) is a United States government agency that supports fundamental research and education in all the non-medical fields of science and engineering.
New!!: Cosmology and National Science Foundation · See more »
Nebula
A nebula (Latin for "cloud" or "fog"; pl. nebulae, nebulæ, or nebulas) is an interstellar cloud of dust, hydrogen, helium and other ionized gases.
New!!: Cosmology and Nebula · See more »
Neil Turok
Neil Geoffrey Turok (born 16 November 1958) is a South African physicist, and the Director of Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics.
New!!: Cosmology and Neil Turok · See more »
Newton's law of universal gravitation
Newton's law of universal gravitation states that a particle attracts every other particle in the universe with a force which is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between their centers.
New!!: Cosmology and Newton's law of universal gravitation · See more »
Nicolaus Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus (Mikołaj Kopernik; Nikolaus Kopernikus; Niklas Koppernigk; 19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was a Renaissance-era mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than the Earth at the center of the universe, likely independently of Aristarchus of Samos, who had formulated such a model some eighteen centuries earlier.
New!!: Cosmology and Nicolaus Copernicus · See more »
Nilakantha Somayaji
Kelallur Nilakantha Somayaji (also referred to as Kelallur Comatiri; 14 June 1444 – 1544) was a major mathematician and astronomer of the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics in India.
New!!: Cosmology and Nilakantha Somayaji · See more »
Non-standard cosmology
A non-standard cosmology is any physical cosmological model of the universe that was, or still is, proposed as an alternative to the then-current standard model of cosmology.
New!!: Cosmology and Non-standard cosmology · See more »
Observational astronomy
Observational astronomy is a division of astronomy that is concerned with recording data about the observable universe, in contrast with theoretical astronomy, which is mainly concerned with calculating the measurable implications of physical models.
New!!: Cosmology and Observational astronomy · See more »
On the Heavens
On the Heavens (Greek: Περὶ οὐρανοῦ, Latin: De Caelo or De Caelo et Mundo) is Aristotle's chief cosmological treatise: written in 350 BC it contains his astronomical theory and his ideas on the concrete workings of the terrestrial world.
New!!: Cosmology and On the Heavens · See more »
On the Universe
De mundo (Περὶ Κόσμου), known in English as On the Universe, is the work of an unknown author which was ascribed to Aristotle.
New!!: Cosmology and On the Universe · See more »
Orbifold
In the mathematical disciplines of topology, geometry, and geometric group theory, an orbifold (for "orbit-manifold") is a generalization of a manifold.
New!!: Cosmology and Orbifold · See more »
Oskar Klein
Oskar Benjamin Klein (15 September 1894 – 5 February 1977) was a Swedish theoretical physicist.
New!!: Cosmology and Oskar Klein · See more »
Pantheism
Pantheism is the belief that reality is identical with divinity, or that all-things compose an all-encompassing, immanent god.
New!!: Cosmology and Pantheism · See more »
Parmenides
Parmenides of Elea (Παρμενίδης ὁ Ἐλεάτης) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher from Elea in Magna Graecia (Greater Greece, included Southern Italy).
New!!: Cosmology and Parmenides · See more »
Particle physics
Particle physics (also high energy physics) is the branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter and radiation.
New!!: Cosmology and Particle physics · See more »
Paul Dirac
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English theoretical physicist who is regarded as one of the most significant physicists of the 20th century.
New!!: Cosmology and Paul Dirac · See more »
Paul Frampton
Paul Howard Frampton (born 31 October 1943) is an English particle phenomenologist.
New!!: Cosmology and Paul Frampton · See more »
Paul Steinhardt
Paul Joseph Steinhardt (born December 25, 1952) is an American theoretical physicist and cosmologist who is currently the Albert Einstein Professor in Science at Princeton University.
New!!: Cosmology and Paul Steinhardt · See more »
Phantom energy
Phantom energy is a hypothetical form of dark energy satisfying the equation of state with w. It possesses negative kinetic energy, and predicts expansion of the universe in excess of that predicted by a cosmological constant, which leads to a Big Rip.
New!!: Cosmology and Phantom energy · See more »
Philolaus
Philolaus (Φιλόλαος, Philólaos) was a Greek Pythagorean and pre-Socratic philosopher.
New!!: Cosmology and Philolaus · See more »
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin for Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), often referred to as simply the Principia, is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, in Latin, first published 5 July 1687.
New!!: Cosmology and Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica · See more »
Philosophy
Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
New!!: Cosmology and Philosophy · See more »
Philosophy of physics
In philosophy, philosophy of physics deals with conceptual and interpretational issues in modern physics, and often overlaps with research done by certain kinds of theoretical physicists.
New!!: Cosmology and Philosophy of physics · See more »
Philosophy of space and time
Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology, epistemology, and character of space and time.
New!!: Cosmology and Philosophy of space and time · See more »
Physical cosmology
Physical cosmology is the study of the largest-scale structures and dynamics of the Universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its origin, structure, evolution, and ultimate fate.
New!!: Cosmology and Physical cosmology · See more »
Physical law
A physical law or scientific law is a theoretical statement "inferred from particular facts, applicable to a defined group or class of phenomena, and expressible by the statement that a particular phenomenon always occurs if certain conditions be present." Physical laws are typically conclusions based on repeated scientific experiments and observations over many years and which have become accepted universally within the scientific community.
New!!: Cosmology and Physical law · See more »
Physics
Physics (from knowledge of nature, from φύσις phýsis "nature") is the natural science that studies matterAt the start of The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Richard Feynman offers the atomic hypothesis as the single most prolific scientific concept: "If, in some cataclysm, all scientific knowledge were to be destroyed one sentence what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words? I believe it is that all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another..." and its motion and behavior through space and time and that studies the related entities of energy and force."Physical science is that department of knowledge which relates to the order of nature, or, in other words, to the regular succession of events." Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves."Physics is one of the most fundamental of the sciences. Scientists of all disciplines use the ideas of physics, including chemists who study the structure of molecules, paleontologists who try to reconstruct how dinosaurs walked, and climatologists who study how human activities affect the atmosphere and oceans. Physics is also the foundation of all engineering and technology. No engineer could design a flat-screen TV, an interplanetary spacecraft, or even a better mousetrap without first understanding the basic laws of physics. (...) You will come to see physics as a towering achievement of the human intellect in its quest to understand our world and ourselves."Physics is an experimental science. Physicists observe the phenomena of nature and try to find patterns that relate these phenomena.""Physics is the study of your world and the world and universe around you." Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Over the last two millennia, physics, chemistry, biology, and certain branches of mathematics were a part of natural philosophy, but during the scientific revolution in the 17th century, these natural sciences emerged as unique research endeavors in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy. Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.
New!!: Cosmology and Physics · See more »
Planck (spacecraft)
Planck was a space observatory operated by the European Space Agency (ESA) from 2009 to 2013, which mapped the anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at microwave and infra-red frequencies, with high sensitivity and small angular resolution.
New!!: Cosmology and Planck (spacecraft) · See more »
Planet
A planet is an astronomical body orbiting a star or stellar remnant that is massive enough to be rounded by its own gravity, is not massive enough to cause thermonuclear fusion, and has cleared its neighbouring region of planetesimals.
New!!: Cosmology and Planet · See more »
Plasma cosmology
Plasma cosmology is a non-standard cosmology whose central postulate is that the dynamics of ionized gases and plasmas play important, if not dominant, roles in the physics of the universe beyond the Solar System.
New!!: Cosmology and Plasma cosmology · See more »
Pseudo-Aristotle
Pseudo-Aristotle is a general cognomen for authors of philosophical or medical treatises who attributed their work to the Greek philosopher Aristotle, or whose work was later attributed to him by others.
New!!: Cosmology and Pseudo-Aristotle · See more »
Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (Κλαύδιος Πτολεμαῖος, Klaúdios Ptolemaîos; Claudius Ptolemaeus) was a Greco-Roman mathematician, astronomer, geographer, astrologer, and poet of a single epigram in the Greek Anthology.
New!!: Cosmology and Ptolemy · See more »
Pythagorean astronomical system
An astronomical system positing that the Earth, Moon, Sun and planets revolve around an unseen "Central Fire" was developed in the 5th century BC and has been attributed to the Pythagorean philosopher Philolaus, a version based on Stobaeus account, who betrays a tendency to confound the dogmas of the early Ionian philosophers, and he occasionally mixes up Platonism with Pythagoreanism.
New!!: Cosmology and Pythagorean astronomical system · See more »
Quantum foam
Quantum foam (or spacetime foam) is the fluctuation of spacetime on very small scales due to quantum mechanics.
New!!: Cosmology and Quantum foam · See more »
Quintessence (physics)
In physics, quintessence is a hypothetical form of dark energy, more precisely a scalar field, postulated as an explanation of the observation of an accelerating rate of expansion of the universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Quintessence (physics) · See more »
Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
New!!: Cosmology and Radiation · See more »
Redshift
In physics, redshift happens when light or other electromagnetic radiation from an object is increased in wavelength, or shifted to the red end of the spectrum.
New!!: Cosmology and Redshift · See more »
Redshift survey
In astronomy, a redshift survey is a survey of a section of the sky to measure the redshift of astronomical objects: usually galaxies, but sometimes other objects such as galaxy clusters or quasars.
New!!: Cosmology and Redshift survey · See more »
Religion
Religion may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.
New!!: Cosmology and Religion · See more »
Religious cosmology
A religious cosmology (also mythological cosmology) is a way of explaining the origin, the history and the evolution of the cosmos or universe based on the religious mythology of a specific tradition.
New!!: Cosmology and Religious cosmology · See more »
René Descartes
René Descartes (Latinized: Renatus Cartesius; adjectival form: "Cartesian"; 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) was a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist.
New!!: Cosmology and René Descartes · See more »
Richard C. Tolman
Richard Chace Tolman (March 4, 1881 – September 5, 1948) was an American mathematical physicist and physical chemist who was an authority on statistical mechanics.
New!!: Cosmology and Richard C. Tolman · See more »
Riemann sphere
In mathematics, the Riemann sphere, named after Bernhard Riemann, is a model of the extended complex plane, the complex plane plus a point at infinity.
New!!: Cosmology and Riemann sphere · See more »
Rigveda
The Rigveda (Sanskrit: ऋग्वेद, from "praise" and "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns along with associated commentaries on liturgy, ritual and mystical exegesis.
New!!: Cosmology and Rigveda · See more »
Robert H. Dicke
Robert Henry Dicke (May 6, 1916 – March 4, 1997) was an American physicist who made important contributions to the fields of astrophysics, atomic physics, cosmology and gravity.
New!!: Cosmology and Robert H. Dicke · See more »
Robert Woodrow Wilson
Robert Woodrow Wilson (born January 10, 1936) is an American astronomer, 1978 Nobel laureate in physics, who with Arno Allan Penzias discovered in 1964 the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB).
New!!: Cosmology and Robert Woodrow Wilson · See more »
Saadia Gaon
Rabbi Sa'adiah ben Yosef Gaon (سعيد بن يوسف الفيومي / Saʻīd bin Yūsuf al-Fayyūmi, Sa'id ibn Yusuf al-Dilasi, Saadia ben Yosef aluf, Sa'id ben Yusuf ra's al-Kull; רבי סעדיה בן יוסף אלפיומי גאון' or in short:; alternative English Names: Rabeinu Sa'adiah Gaon ("our Rabbi Saadia Gaon"), RaSaG, Saadia b. Joseph, Saadia ben Joseph or Saadia ben Joseph of Faym or Saadia ben Joseph Al-Fayyumi; 882/892 – 942) was a prominent rabbi, Jewish philosopher, and exegete of the Geonic period who was active in the Abbasid Caliphate.
New!!: Cosmology and Saadia Gaon · See more »
Scale factor (cosmology)
The relative expansion of the universe is parametrized by a dimensionless scale factor a. Also known as the cosmic scale factor or sometimes the Robertson–Walker scale factor, this is a key parameter of the Friedmann equations.
New!!: Cosmology and Scale factor (cosmology) · See more »
Science
R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.
New!!: Cosmology and Science · See more »
Shape of the universe
The shape of the universe is the local and global geometry of the universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Shape of the universe · See more »
Sloan Digital Sky Survey
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey or SDSS is a major multi-spectral imaging and spectroscopic redshift survey using a dedicated 2.5-m wide-angle optical telescope at Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico, United States.
New!!: Cosmology and Sloan Digital Sky Survey · See more »
Special relativity
In physics, special relativity (SR, also known as the special theory of relativity or STR) is the generally accepted and experimentally well-confirmed physical theory regarding the relationship between space and time.
New!!: Cosmology and Special relativity · See more »
Speed of light
The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted, is a universal physical constant important in many areas of physics.
New!!: Cosmology and Speed of light · See more »
Star system
A star system or stellar system is a small number of stars that orbit each other, bound by gravitational attraction.
New!!: Cosmology and Star system · See more »
Static universe
A static universe, also referred to as a "stationary" or "infinite" or "static infinite" universe, is a cosmological model in which the universe is both spatially infinite and temporally infinite, and space is neither expanding nor contracting.
New!!: Cosmology and Static universe · See more »
Steady State theory
In cosmology, the Steady State theory is an alternative to the Big Bang model of the evolution of our universe.
New!!: Cosmology and Steady State theory · See more »
Stoicism
Stoicism is a school of Hellenistic philosophy founded by Zeno of Citium in Athens in the early 3rd century BC.
New!!: Cosmology and Stoicism · See more »
Supernova
A supernova (plural: supernovae or supernovas, abbreviations: SN and SNe) is a transient astronomical event that occurs during the last stellar evolutionary stages of a star's life, either a massive star or a white dwarf, whose destruction is marked by one final, titanic explosion.
New!!: Cosmology and Supernova · See more »
Taiji (philosophy)
Taiji is a Chinese cosmological term for the "Supreme Ultimate" state of undifferentiated absolute and infinite potential, the oneness before duality, from which Yin and Yang originate, can be compared with the old Wuji (無極, "without ridgepole").
New!!: Cosmology and Taiji (philosophy) · See more »
Teleology
Teleology or finality is a reason or explanation for something in function of its end, purpose, or goal.
New!!: Cosmology and Teleology · See more »
The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
New!!: Cosmology and The New York Times · See more »
The Sophia Centre
The Sophia Centre was founded in the School of Historical and Cultural Studies at Bath Spa University in 2002, as the first University centre in the world to teach cultural astronomy (defined as "the study of the application of beliefs about the stars to all aspects of human culture, from religion and science to the arts and literature") and the history and culture of astrology.
New!!: Cosmology and The Sophia Centre · See more »
Theory
A theory is a contemplative and rational type of abstract or generalizing thinking, or the results of such thinking.
New!!: Cosmology and Theory · See more »
Thomas Blount (lexicographer)
Thomas Blount (1618–1679) was an English antiquarian and lexicographer.
New!!: Cosmology and Thomas Blount (lexicographer) · See more »
Thomas Gold
Thomas Gold (May 22, 1920June 22, 2004) was an Austrian-born astrophysicist, a professor of astronomy at Cornell University, a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and a Fellow of the Royal Society (London).
New!!: Cosmology and Thomas Gold · See more »
Tusi couple
The Tusi couple is a mathematical device in which a small circle rotates inside a larger circle twice the diameter of the smaller circle.
New!!: Cosmology and Tusi couple · See more »
Tycho Brahe
Tycho Brahe (born Tyge Ottesen Brahe;. He adopted the Latinized form "Tycho Brahe" (sometimes written Tÿcho) at around age fifteen. The name Tycho comes from Tyche (Τύχη, meaning "luck" in Greek, Roman equivalent: Fortuna), a tutelary deity of fortune and prosperity of ancient Greek city cults. He is now generally referred to as "Tycho," as was common in Scandinavia in his time, rather than by his surname "Brahe" (a spurious appellative form of his name, Tycho de Brahe, only appears much later). 14 December 154624 October 1601) was a Danish nobleman, astronomer, and writer known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations.
New!!: Cosmology and Tycho Brahe · See more »
Tychonic system
The Tychonic system (or Tychonian system) is a model of the Solar system published by Tycho Brahe in the late 16th century which combines what he saw as the mathematical benefits of the Copernican system with the philosophical and "physical" benefits of the Ptolemaic system.
New!!: Cosmology and Tychonic system · See more »
Ultimate fate of the universe
The ultimate fate of the universe is a topic in physical cosmology, whose theoretical restrictions allow possible scenarios for the evolution and ultimate fate of the universe to be described and evaluated.
New!!: Cosmology and Ultimate fate of the universe · See more »
Universe
The Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy.
New!!: Cosmology and Universe · See more »
Warm inflation
In physical cosmology, warm inflation is one of two dynamical realizations of cosmological inflation.
New!!: Cosmology and Warm inflation · See more »
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States of America.
New!!: Cosmology and Washington, D.C. · See more »
Western esotericism
Western esotericism (also called esotericism and esoterism), also known as the Western mystery tradition, is a term under which scholars have categorised a wide range of loosely related ideas and movements which have developed within Western society.
New!!: Cosmology and Western esotericism · See more »
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe
The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP), originally known as the Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP), was a spacecraft operating from 2001 to 2010 which measured temperature differences across the sky in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) – the radiant heat remaining from the Big Bang.
New!!: Cosmology and Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe · See more »
Willem de Sitter
Willem de Sitter (6 May 1872 – 20 November 1934) was a Dutch mathematician, physicist, and astronomer.
New!!: Cosmology and Willem de Sitter · See more »
William Duncan MacMillan
William Duncan MacMillan (July 24, 1871 – November 1948) was an American mathematician and astronomer.
New!!: Cosmology and William Duncan MacMillan · See more »
William McCrea (astronomer)
Sir William Hunter McCrea FRS FRSE PRAS (13 December 1904 – 25 April 1999) was an English astronomer and mathematician.
New!!: Cosmology and William McCrea (astronomer) · See more »
1,000,000,000
1,000,000,000 (one billion, short scale; one thousand million or milliard, yard, long scale) is the natural number following 999,999,999 and preceding 1,000,000,001.
New!!: Cosmology and 1,000,000,000 · See more »
2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey
In astronomy, the 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey (Two-degree-Field Galaxy Redshift Survey), 2dF or 2dFGRS is a redshift survey conducted by the Anglo-Australian Observatory (AAO) with the 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope between 1997 and 11 April 2002.
New!!: Cosmology and 2dF Galaxy Redshift Survey · See more »
Redirects here:
Cosmic images, Cosmical, Cosmologer, Cosmological, Cosmological theories, Cosmological theory, Cosmologies, Cosmologist, Earth Studies, Geomantiam, Historical cosmologies, Historical cosmology, History of cosmology, Kosmology, List of historical cosmologies, Models of the universe, Nongalactic Astrophysics, Uranology.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmology
