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38 relations: Callicles, Composite number, Conjecture, Contradiction, Control theory, Counterexamples in Topology, Deductive reasoning, Euler's sum of powers conjecture, Exception that proves the rule, Ganea conjecture, Geometry, Gorgias (dialogue), Hilbert's fourteenth problem, Hypothesis, J. Arthur Seebach Jr., Logic, Loss function, Lynn Steen, Mathematical proof, Mathematician, Mathematics, Natural number, Parity (mathematics), Pólya conjecture, Philosophy, Plato, Prima facie, Prime number, Rectangle, Rhombus, Seifert conjecture, Shape, Socrates, Square, State variable, Tait's conjecture, Universal quantification, Witsenhausen's counterexample.
Callicles
Callicles (Καλλικλῆς; c. 484 – late 5th century BCE) was an ancient Athenian political philosopher best remembered for his role in Plato’s dialogue Gorgias, where he "presents himself as a no-holds-barred, bare-knuckled, clear-headed advocate of Realpolitik.
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Composite number
A composite number is a positive integer that can be formed by multiplying together two smaller positive integers.
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Conjecture
In mathematics, a conjecture is a conclusion or proposition based on incomplete information, for which no proof has been found.
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Contradiction
In classical logic, a contradiction consists of a logical incompatibility between two or more propositions.
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Control theory
Control theory in control systems engineering deals with the control of continuously operating dynamical systems in engineered processes and machines.
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Counterexamples in Topology
Counterexamples in Topology (1970, 2nd ed. 1978) is a book on mathematics by topologists Lynn Steen and J. Arthur Seebach, Jr. In the process of working on problems like the metrization problem, topologists (including Steen and Seebach) have defined a wide variety of topological properties.
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Deductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning, also deductive logic, logical deduction is the process of reasoning from one or more statements (premises) to reach a logically certain conclusion.
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Euler's sum of powers conjecture
Euler's conjecture is a disproved conjecture in mathematics related to Fermat's last theorem.
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Exception that proves the rule
"The exception proves the rule" is a saying whose meaning has been interpreted or misinterpreted in various ways.
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Ganea conjecture
Ganea's conjecture is a claim in algebraic topology, now disproved.
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Geometry
Geometry (from the γεωμετρία; geo- "earth", -metron "measurement") is a branch of mathematics concerned with questions of shape, size, relative position of figures, and the properties of space.
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Gorgias (dialogue)
Gorgias (Γοργίας) is a Socratic dialogue written by Plato around 380 BC.
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Hilbert's fourteenth problem
In mathematics, Hilbert's fourteenth problem, that is, number 14 of Hilbert's problems proposed in 1900, asks whether certain algebras are finitely generated.
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Hypothesis
A hypothesis (plural hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon.
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J. Arthur Seebach Jr.
J.
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Logic
Logic (from the logikḗ), originally meaning "the word" or "what is spoken", but coming to mean "thought" or "reason", is a subject concerned with the most general laws of truth, and is now generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of valid inference.
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Loss function
In mathematical optimization, statistics, econometrics, decision theory, machine learning and computational neuroscience, a loss function or cost function is a function that maps an event or values of one or more variables onto a real number intuitively representing some "cost" associated with the event.
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Lynn Steen
Lynn Arthur Steen (January 1, 1941 – June 21, 2015) was an American mathematician who was a Professor of Mathematics at St. Olaf College, Northfield, Minnesota in the U.S. He wrote numerous books and articles on the teaching of mathematics.
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Mathematical proof
In mathematics, a proof is an inferential argument for a mathematical statement.
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Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in his or her work, typically to solve mathematical problems.
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Mathematics
Mathematics (from Greek μάθημα máthēma, "knowledge, study, learning") is the study of such topics as quantity, structure, space, and change.
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Natural number
In mathematics, the natural numbers are those used for counting (as in "there are six coins on the table") and ordering (as in "this is the third largest city in the country").
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Parity (mathematics)
In mathematics, parity is the property of an integer's inclusion in one of two categories: even or odd.
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Pólya conjecture
In number theory, the Pólya conjecture stated that "most" (i.e., 50% or more) of the natural numbers less than any given number have an odd number of prime factors.
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Philosophy
Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.
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Plato
Plato (Πλάτων Plátōn, in Classical Attic; 428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC) was a philosopher in Classical Greece and the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.
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Prima facie
Prima facie is a Latin expression meaning on its first encounter or at first sight.
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Prime number
A prime number (or a prime) is a natural number greater than 1 that cannot be formed by multiplying two smaller natural numbers.
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Rectangle
In Euclidean plane geometry, a rectangle is a quadrilateral with four right angles.
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Rhombus
In plane Euclidean geometry, a rhombus (plural rhombi or rhombuses) is a simple (non-self-intersecting) quadrilateral whose four sides all have the same length.
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Seifert conjecture
In mathematics, the Seifert conjecture states that every nonsingular, continuous vector field on the 3-sphere has a closed orbit.
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Shape
A shape is the form of an object or its external boundary, outline, or external surface, as opposed to other properties such as color, texture or material composition.
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Socrates
Socrates (Sōkrátēs,; – 399 BC) was a classical Greek (Athenian) philosopher credited as one of the founders of Western philosophy, and as being the first moral philosopher, of the Western ethical tradition of thought.
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Square
In geometry, a square is a regular quadrilateral, which means that it has four equal sides and four equal angles (90-degree angles, or (100-gradian angles or right angles). It can also be defined as a rectangle in which two adjacent sides have equal length. A square with vertices ABCD would be denoted.
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State variable
A state variable is one of the set of variables that are used to describe the mathematical "state" of a dynamical system.
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Tait's conjecture
In mathematics, Tait's conjecture states that "Every 3-connected planar cubic graph has a Hamiltonian cycle (along the edges) through all its vertices".
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Universal quantification
In predicate logic, a universal quantification is a type of quantifier, a logical constant which is interpreted as "given any" or "for all".
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Witsenhausen's counterexample
Witsenhausen's counterexample, shown in the figure below, is a deceptively simple toy problem in decentralized stochastic control.
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Counter example, Counter-example, Counterexamples, Proof by counterexample.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterexample
