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40 relations: Animal shelter, Array data type, Bounded quantification, C Sharp (programming language), C++, Category theory, Closure (computer programming), Common Lisp Object System, Covariant return type, D (programming language), Eiffel (programming language), First-class function, Function overloading, Function type, Functor, Higher-order function, Inheritance (object-oriented programming), Java (programming language), Java Platform, Standard Edition, John C. Reynolds, Joshua Bloch, Liskov substitution principle, Luca Cardelli, Martin Odersky, Method overriding, Multiple dispatch, OCaml, Parametric polymorphism, Polymorphism (computer science), Programming language, Robustness principle, Sather, Scala (programming language), Subtyping, Type constructor, Type inference, Type system, Undecidable problem, Unified Modeling Language, Wildcard (Java).
Animal shelter
An animal shelter or pound is a place where stray, lost, abandoned or surrendered animals, mostly dogs and cats, and sometimes sick or wounded wildlife are kept and rehabilitated.
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Array data type
Language support for array types may include certain built-in array data types, some syntactic constructions (array type constructors) that the programmer may use to define such types and declare array variables, and special notation for indexing array elements.
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Bounded quantification
In type theory, bounded quantification (also bounded polymorphism or constrained genericity) refers to universal or existential quantifiers which are restricted ("bounded") to range only over the subtypes of a particular type.
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C Sharp (programming language)
C# (/si: ʃɑːrp/) is a multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented (class-based), and component-oriented programming disciplines.
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C++
C++ ("see plus plus") is a general-purpose programming language.
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Category theory
Category theory formalizes mathematical structure and its concepts in terms of a labeled directed graph called a category, whose nodes are called objects, and whose labelled directed edges are called arrows (or morphisms).
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Closure (computer programming)
In programming languages, a closure (also lexical closure or function closure) is a technique for implementing lexically scoped name binding in a language with first-class functions.
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Common Lisp Object System
The Common Lisp Object System (CLOS) is the facility for object-oriented programming which is part of ANSI Common Lisp.
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Covariant return type
In object-oriented programming, a covariant return type of a method is one that can be replaced by a "narrower" type when the method is overridden in a subclass.
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D (programming language)
D is an object-oriented, imperative, multi-paradigm system programming language created by Walter Bright of Digital Mars and released in 2001.
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Eiffel (programming language)
Eiffel is an object-oriented programming language designed by Bertrand Meyer (an object-orientation proponent and author of Object-Oriented Software Construction) and Eiffel Software.
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First-class function
In computer science, a programming language is said to have first-class functions if it treats functions as first-class citizens.
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Function overloading
In some programming languages, function overloading or method overloading is the ability to create multiple methods of the same name with different implementations.
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Function type
In computer science, a function type (or arrow type or exponential) is the type of a variable or parameter to which a function has or can be assigned, or an argument or result type of a higher-order function taking or returning a function.
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Functor
In mathematics, a functor is a map between categories.
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Higher-order function
In mathematics and computer science, a higher-order function (also functional, functional form or functor) is a function that does at least one of the following.
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Inheritance (object-oriented programming)
In object-oriented programming, inheritance is the mechanism of basing an object or class upon another object (prototypal inheritance) or class (class-based inheritance), retaining the same implementation.
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Java (programming language)
Java is a general-purpose computer-programming language that is concurrent, class-based, object-oriented, and specifically designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.
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Java Platform, Standard Edition
Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE) is a computing platform for development and deployment of portable code for desktop and server environments.
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John C. Reynolds
John Charles Reynolds (June 1, 1935 – April 28, 2013) was an American computer scientist.
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Joshua Bloch
Joshua J. Bloch (born August 28, 1961) is an American software engineer and a technology author, formerly employed at Sun Microsystems and Google.
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Liskov substitution principle
Substitutability is a principle in object-oriented programming stating that, in a computer program, if S is a subtype of T, then objects of type T may be replaced with objects of type S (i.e. an object of type T may be substituted with any object of a subtype S) without altering any of the desirable properties of the program (correctness, task performed, etc.). More formally, the Liskov substitution principle (LSP) is a particular definition of a subtyping relation, called (strong) behavioral subtyping, that was initially introduced by Barbara Liskov in a 1987 conference keynote address titled Data abstraction and hierarchy.
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Luca Cardelli
Luca Andrea Cardelli FRS is an Italian computer scientist who is an Assistant Director at Microsoft Research in Cambridge, UK.
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Martin Odersky
Martin Odersky (born 5 September 1958) is a German computer scientist and professor of programming methods at École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland.
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Method overriding
Method overriding, in object-oriented programming, is a language feature that allows a subclass or child class to provide a specific implementation of a method that is already provided by one of its superclasses or parent classes.
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Multiple dispatch
Multiple dispatch or multimethods is a feature of some programming languages in which a function or method can be dynamically dispatched based on the run-time (dynamic) type or, in the more general case some other attribute, of more than one of its arguments.
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OCaml
OCaml, originally named Objective Caml, is the main implementation of the programming language Caml, created by Xavier Leroy, Jérôme Vouillon, Damien Doligez, Didier Rémy, Ascánder Suárez and others in 1996.
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Parametric polymorphism
In programming languages and type theory, parametric polymorphism is a way to make a language more expressive, while still maintaining full static type-safety.
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Polymorphism (computer science)
In programming languages and type theory, polymorphism (from Greek πολύς, polys, "many, much" and μορφή, morphē, "form, shape") is the provision of a single interface to entities of different types.
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Programming language
A programming language is a formal language that specifies a set of instructions that can be used to produce various kinds of output.
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Robustness principle
In computing, the robustness principle is a design guideline for software: The principle is also known as Postel's law, after Jon Postel, who wrote in an early specification of TCP: In other words, programs that send messages to other machines (or to other programs on the same machine) should conform completely to the specifications, but programs that receive messages should accept non-conformant input as long as the meaning is clear.
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Sather
Sather is an object-oriented programming language.
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Scala (programming language)
Scala is a general-purpose programming language providing support for functional programming and a strong static type system.
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Subtyping
In programming language theory, subtyping (also subtype polymorphism or inclusion polymorphism) is a form of type polymorphism in which a subtype is a datatype that is related to another datatype (the supertype) by some notion of substitutability, meaning that program elements, typically subroutines or functions, written to operate on elements of the supertype can also operate on elements of the subtype.
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Type constructor
In the area of mathematical logic and computer science known as type theory, a type constructor is a feature of a typed formal language that builds new types from old ones.
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Type inference
Type inference refers to the automatic detection of the data type of an expression in a programming language.
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Type system
In programming languages, a type system is a set of rules that assigns a property called type to the various constructs of a computer program, such as variables, expressions, functions or modules.
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Undecidable problem
In computability theory and computational complexity theory, an undecidable problem is a decision problem for which it is known to be impossible to construct a single algorithm that always leads to a correct yes-or-no answer.
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Unified Modeling Language
The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field of software engineering, that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.
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Wildcard (Java)
The wildcard ? in Java is a special type parameter that controls the type safety of the use of generic (parameterized) types.
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Bivariance, Bivariance (computer science), Bivariant, Contravariance (computer science), Contravariance and covariance (computer science), Covariance (computer science), Covariant return types, Covariant type, Invariance (computer science), Nonvariance, Nonvariance (computer science), Nonvariant, Parameter covariance, Variance (computer science), Variance annotation.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance_and_contravariance_(computer_science)
