Faster access than browser!
115 relations: Adi Shamir, Advanced Encryption Standard, Advanced Encryption Standard process, Alex Biryukov, Algorithm, American National Standards Institute, Asiacrypt, Backdoor (computing), Bitwise operation, Block cipher, Block cipher mode of operation, Block size (cryptography), Blowfish (cipher), Bruce Schneier, Brute Force: Cracking the Data Encryption Standard, Brute-force attack, Bryant Tuckerman, Burt Kaliski, Byte, CAST-128, Chosen-plaintext attack, Ciphertext, Classified information, Claude Shannon, Computer security, Confusion and diffusion, Cryptanalysis, Crypto (book), Cryptography, Davies attack, DES supplementary material, DES-X, DESCHALL Project, Differential cryptanalysis, Differential-linear attack, Digital electronics, Distributed.net, Don Coppersmith, Donald Davies, Edna Grossman, EFF DES cracker, Electronic Frontier Foundation, Eli Biham, Encryption, Exclusive or, Fast Software Encryption, FEAL, Federal Information Processing Standards, Federal Register, Feistel cipher, ..., Field-programmable gate array, Function composition, GDES, Germany, GOST (block cipher), Group (mathematics), Horst Feistel, IBM, ICE (cipher), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, International Committee for Information Technology Standards, International Data Encryption Algorithm, Inverse function, Involution (mathematics), John Gilmore (activist), Journal of Cryptology, Key (cryptography), Key schedule, Key size, Known-plaintext attack, Lars Ramkilde Knudsen, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Linear cryptanalysis, LOKI, Lookup table, Lucifer (cipher), MARS (cryptography), Martin Hellman, Matt Curtin, Matt Robshaw, Mitsuru Matsui, Moore's law, National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Security Agency, National Security Archive, NewDES, Parity bit, Permutation, Plaintext, Public-key cryptography, Rainbow table, RC5, RC6, Roy Adler, RSA Security, Ruhr University Bochum, Russia, S-box, SAFER, SciEngines GmbH, Selected Areas in Cryptography, Serpent (cipher), Skipjack (cipher), Software, Soviet Union, Steven Levy, Symmetric-key algorithm, Triple DES, Twofish, United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence, University of Kiel, Videocipher, Walter Tuchman, Whitfield Diffie, 56-bit encryption. Expand index (65 more) »
Adi Shamir
Adi Shamir (עדי שמיר; born July 6, 1952) is an Israeli cryptographer.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Adi Shamir · See more »
Advanced Encryption Standard
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), also known by its original name Rijndael, is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Advanced Encryption Standard · See more »
Advanced Encryption Standard process
The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the symmetric block cipher ratified as a standard by National Institute of Standards and Technology of the United States (NIST), was chosen using a process lasting from 1997 to 2000 that was markedly more open and transparent than its predecessor, the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Advanced Encryption Standard process · See more »
Alex Biryukov
Alex Biryukov is a cryptographer, currently a full professor at the University of Luxembourg.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Alex Biryukov · See more »
Algorithm
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm is an unambiguous specification of how to solve a class of problems.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Algorithm · See more »
American National Standards Institute
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a private non-profit organization that oversees the development of voluntary consensus standards for products, services, processes, systems, and personnel in the United States.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and American National Standards Institute · See more »
Asiacrypt
Asiacrypt (also ASIACRYPT) is an important international conference for cryptography research.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Asiacrypt · See more »
Backdoor (computing)
A backdoor is a method, often secret, of bypassing normal authentication or encryption in a computer system, a product, or an embedded device (e.g. a home router), or its embodiment, e.g. as part of a cryptosystem, an algorithm, a chipset, or a "homunculus computer" (such as that as found in Intel's AMT technology).
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Backdoor (computing) · See more »
Bitwise operation
In digital computer programming, a bitwise operation operates on one or more bit patterns or binary numerals at the level of their individual bits.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Bitwise operation · See more »
Block cipher
In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called a block, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Block cipher · See more »
Block cipher mode of operation
In cryptography, a block cipher mode of operation is an algorithm that uses a block cipher to provide an information service such as confidentiality or authenticity.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Block cipher mode of operation · See more »
Block size (cryptography)
In modern cryptography, symmetric key ciphers are generally divided into stream ciphers and block ciphers.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Block size (cryptography) · See more »
Blowfish (cipher)
Blowfish is a symmetric-key block cipher, designed in 1993 by Bruce Schneier and included in a large number of cipher suites and encryption products.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Blowfish (cipher) · See more »
Bruce Schneier
Bruce Schneier (born January 15, 1963, is an American cryptographer, computer security professional, privacy specialist and writer. He is the author of several books on general security topics, computer security and cryptography. Schneier is a fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet & Society at Harvard Law School, a program fellow at the New America Foundation's Open Technology Institute. He has been working for IBM since they acquired Resilient Systems where Schneier was CTO. He is also a contributing writer for The Guardian news organization.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Bruce Schneier · See more »
Brute Force: Cracking the Data Encryption Standard
Brute Force (2005, Copernicus Books) is a book by Matt Curtin about cryptography.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Brute Force: Cracking the Data Encryption Standard · See more »
Brute-force attack
In cryptography, a brute-force attack consists of an attacker trying many passwords or passphrases with the hope of eventually guessing correctly.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Brute-force attack · See more »
Bryant Tuckerman
Louis Bryant Tuckerman, III (November 28, 1915 – May 19, 2002) was an American mathematician, born in Lincoln, Nebraska.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Bryant Tuckerman · See more »
Burt Kaliski
Burton S. "Burt" Kaliski, Jr. is a cryptographer, who is currently the chief technology officer (CTO) and senior vice president at Verisign.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Burt Kaliski · See more »
Byte
The byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits, representing a binary number.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Byte · See more »
CAST-128
In cryptography, CAST-128 (alternatively CAST5) is a symmetric-key block cipher used in a number of products, notably as the default cipher in some versions of GPG and PGP.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and CAST-128 · See more »
Chosen-plaintext attack
A chosen-plaintext attack (CPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis which presumes that the attacker can obtain the ciphertexts for arbitrary plaintexts.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Chosen-plaintext attack · See more »
Ciphertext
In cryptography, ciphertext or cyphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Ciphertext · See more »
Classified information
Classified information is material that a government body deems to be sensitive information that must be protected.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Classified information · See more »
Claude Shannon
Claude Elwood Shannon (April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001) was an American mathematician, electrical engineer, and cryptographer known as "the father of information theory".
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Claude Shannon · See more »
Computer security
Cybersecurity, computer security or IT security is the protection of computer systems from theft of or damage to their hardware, software or electronic data, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Computer security · See more »
Confusion and diffusion
In cryptography, confusion and diffusion are two properties of the operation of a secure cipher identified by Claude Shannon in his 1945 classified report A Mathematical Theory of Cryptography. These properties, when present, work to thwart the application of statistics and other methods of cryptanalysis.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Confusion and diffusion · See more »
Cryptanalysis
Cryptanalysis (from the Greek kryptós, "hidden", and analýein, "to loosen" or "to untie") is the study of analyzing information systems in order to study the hidden aspects of the systems.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Cryptanalysis · See more »
Crypto (book)
Crypto: How the Code Rebels Beat the Government Saving Privacy in the Digital Age is a book about cryptography written by Steven Levy, published in 2001.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Crypto (book) · See more »
Cryptography
Cryptography or cryptology (from κρυπτός|translit.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Cryptography · See more »
Davies attack
In cryptography, the Davies attack is a dedicated statistical cryptanalysis method for attacking the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Davies attack · See more »
DES supplementary material
For reference, this article details the various tables referenced in the Data Encryption Standard (DES) block cipher.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and DES supplementary material · See more »
DES-X
In cryptography, DES-X (or DESX) is a variant on the DES (Data Encryption Standard) symmetric-key block cipher intended to increase the complexity of a brute force attack using a technique called key whitening.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and DES-X · See more »
DESCHALL Project
DESCHALL, short for DES Challenge, was the first group to publicly break a message which used the Data Encryption Standard (DES), becoming the $10,000 winner of the first of the set of DES Challenges proposed by RSA Security in 1997.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and DESCHALL Project · See more »
Differential cryptanalysis
Differential cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis applicable primarily to block ciphers, but also to stream ciphers and cryptographic hash functions.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Differential cryptanalysis · See more »
Differential-linear attack
Introduced by Martin Hellman and Susan K. Langford in 1994, the differential-linear attack is a mix of both linear cryptanalysis and differential cryptanalysis.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Differential-linear attack · See more »
Digital electronics
Digital electronics or digital (electronic) circuits are electronics that operate on digital signals.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Digital electronics · See more »
Distributed.net
distributed.net is a distributed computing effort that is attempting to solve large scale problems using otherwise idle CPU or GPU time.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Distributed.net · See more »
Don Coppersmith
Don Coppersmith (born 1950) is a cryptographer and mathematician.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Don Coppersmith · See more »
Donald Davies
Donald Watts Davies, CBE, FRS (7 June 1924 – 28 May 2000) was a Welsh computer scientist who was employed at the UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL).
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Donald Davies · See more »
Edna Grossman
Edna Grossman (born Edna Kalka) is an American mathematician.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Edna Grossman · See more »
EFF DES cracker
In cryptography, the EFF DES cracker (nicknamed "Deep Crack") is a machine built by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) in 1998, to perform a brute force search of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher's key space – that is, to decrypt an encrypted message by trying every possible key.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and EFF DES cracker · See more »
Electronic Frontier Foundation
The Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is an international non-profit digital rights group based in San Francisco, California.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Electronic Frontier Foundation · See more »
Eli Biham
Eli Biham (אלי ביהם) is an Israeli cryptographer and cryptanalyst, currently a professor at the Technion Israeli Institute of Technology Computer Science department.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Eli Biham · See more »
Encryption
In cryptography, encryption is the process of encoding a message or information in such a way that only authorized parties can access it and those who are not authorized cannot.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Encryption · See more »
Exclusive or
Exclusive or or exclusive disjunction is a logical operation that outputs true only when inputs differ (one is true, the other is false).
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Exclusive or · See more »
Fast Software Encryption
Fast Software Encryption, often abbreviated FSE, is a workshop for cryptography research, focused on symmetric-key cryptography with an emphasis on fast, practical techniques, as opposed to theory.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Fast Software Encryption · See more »
FEAL
In cryptography, FEAL (the Fast data Encipherment ALgorithm) is a block cipher proposed as an alternative to the Data Encryption Standard (DES), and designed to be much faster in software.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and FEAL · See more »
Federal Information Processing Standards
Federal Information Processing Standards (FIPS) are publicly announced standards developed by the United States federal government for use in computer systems by non-military government agencies and government contractors.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Federal Information Processing Standards · See more »
Federal Register
The Federal Register (FR or sometimes Fed. Reg.) is the official journal of the federal government of the United States that contains government agency rules, proposed rules, and public notices.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Federal Register · See more »
Feistel cipher
In cryptography, a Feistel cipher is a symmetric structure used in the construction of block ciphers, named after the German-born physicist and cryptographer Horst Feistel who did pioneering research while working for IBM (USA); it is also commonly known as a Feistel network.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Feistel cipher · See more »
Field-programmable gate array
A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is an integrated circuit designed to be configured by a customer or a designer after manufacturing hence "field-programmable".
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Field-programmable gate array · See more »
Function composition
In mathematics, function composition is the pointwise application of one function to the result of another to produce a third function.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Function composition · See more »
GDES
In cryptography, the Generalized DES Scheme (GDES or G-DES) is a variant of the DES symmetric-key block cipher designed with the intention of speeding up the encryption process while improving its security.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and GDES · See more »
Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Germany · See more »
GOST (block cipher)
The GOST block cipher (Magma), defined in the standard GOST 28147-89 (RFC 5830), is a Soviet and Russian government standard symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 64 bits.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and GOST (block cipher) · See more »
Group (mathematics)
In mathematics, a group is an algebraic structure consisting of a set of elements equipped with an operation that combines any two elements to form a third element and that satisfies four conditions called the group axioms, namely closure, associativity, identity and invertibility.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Group (mathematics) · See more »
Horst Feistel
Horst Feistel (January 30, 1915 – November 14, 1990) was a German-born cryptographer who worked on the design of ciphers at IBM, initiating research that culminated in the development of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) in the 1970s.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Horst Feistel · See more »
IBM
The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) is an American multinational technology company headquartered in Armonk, New York, United States, with operations in over 170 countries.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and IBM · See more »
ICE (cipher)
In cryptography, ICE (Information Concealment Engine) is a symmetric-key block cipher published by Kwan in 1997.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and ICE (cipher) · See more »
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association with its corporate office in New York City and its operations center in Piscataway, New Jersey.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers · See more »
International Committee for Information Technology Standards
The InterNational Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS), (pronounced "insights"), is an ANSI-accredited standards development organization composed of Information technology developers.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and International Committee for Information Technology Standards · See more »
International Data Encryption Algorithm
In cryptography, the International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA), originally called Improved Proposed Encryption Standard (IPES), is a symmetric-key block cipher designed by James Massey of ETH Zurich and Xuejia Lai and was first described in 1991.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and International Data Encryption Algorithm · See more »
Inverse function
In mathematics, an inverse function (or anti-function) is a function that "reverses" another function: if the function applied to an input gives a result of, then applying its inverse function to gives the result, and vice versa.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Inverse function · See more »
Involution (mathematics)
In mathematics, an involution, or an involutory function, is a function that is its own inverse, for all in the domain of.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Involution (mathematics) · See more »
John Gilmore (activist)
John Gilmore (born 1955) is one of the founders of the Electronic Frontier Foundation, the Cypherpunks mailing list, and Cygnus Solutions.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and John Gilmore (activist) · See more »
Journal of Cryptology
The Journal of Cryptology is a scientific journal in the field of cryptology and cryptography.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Journal of Cryptology · See more »
Key (cryptography)
In cryptography, a key is a piece of information (a parameter) that determines the functional output of a cryptographic algorithm.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Key (cryptography) · See more »
Key schedule
In cryptography, the so-called product ciphers are a certain kind of cipher, where the (de-)ciphering of data is typically done as an iteration of rounds.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Key schedule · See more »
Key size
In cryptography, key size or key length is the number of bits in a key used by a cryptographic algorithm (such as a cipher).
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Key size · See more »
Known-plaintext attack
The known-plaintext attack (KPA) is an attack model for cryptanalysis where the attacker has access to both the plaintext (called a crib), and its encrypted version (ciphertext).
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Known-plaintext attack · See more »
Lars Ramkilde Knudsen
Lars Ramkilde Knudsen (born 21 February 1962) is a Danish researcher in cryptography, particularly interested in the design and analysis of block ciphers, hash functions and message authentication codes (MACs).
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Lars Ramkilde Knudsen · See more »
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
Springer Lecture Notes in Computer Science (LNCS) is a series of computer science books published by Springer Science+Business Media (formerly Springer-Verlag) since 1973.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Lecture Notes in Computer Science · See more »
Linear cryptanalysis
In cryptography, linear cryptanalysis is a general form of cryptanalysis based on finding affine approximations to the action of a cipher.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Linear cryptanalysis · See more »
LOKI
In cryptography, LOKI89 and LOKI91 are symmetric-key block ciphers designed as possible replacements for the Data Encryption Standard (DES).
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and LOKI · See more »
Lookup table
In computer science, a lookup table is an array that replaces runtime computation with a simpler array indexing operation.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Lookup table · See more »
Lucifer (cipher)
In cryptography, Lucifer was the name given to several of the earliest civilian block ciphers, developed by Horst Feistel and his colleagues at IBM.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Lucifer (cipher) · See more »
MARS (cryptography)
MARS is a block cipher that was IBM's submission to the Advanced Encryption Standard process.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and MARS (cryptography) · See more »
Martin Hellman
Martin Edward Hellman (born October 2, 1945) is an American cryptologist, best known for his invention of public key cryptography in cooperation with Whitfield Diffie and Ralph Merkle.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Martin Hellman · See more »
Matt Curtin
Matt Curtin (born 1973) is a computer scientist and entrepreneur in Columbus, Ohio best known for his work in cryptography and firewall systems.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Matt Curtin · See more »
Matt Robshaw
Matthew John Barton "Matt" Robshaw is a cryptographer.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Matt Robshaw · See more »
Mitsuru Matsui
is a Japanese cryptographer and senior researcher for Mitsubishi Electric Company.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Mitsuru Matsui · See more »
Moore's law
Moore's law is the observation that the number of transistors in a dense integrated circuit doubles about every two years.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Moore's law · See more »
National Institute of Standards and Technology
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is one of the oldest physical science laboratories in the United States.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and National Institute of Standards and Technology · See more »
National Security Agency
The National Security Agency (NSA) is a national-level intelligence agency of the United States Department of Defense, under the authority of the Director of National Intelligence.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and National Security Agency · See more »
National Security Archive
The National Security Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-governmental, non-profit research and archival institution located on the campus of the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1985 to check rising government secrecy, the National Security Archive is an investigative journalism center, open government advocate, international affairs research institute, and is the largest repository of declassified U.S. documents outside the federal government.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and National Security Archive · See more »
NewDES
In cryptography, NewDES is a symmetric key block cipher.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and NewDES · See more »
Parity bit
A parity bit, or check bit, is a bit added to a string of binary code to ensure that the total number of 1-bits in the string is even or odd.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Parity bit · See more »
Permutation
In mathematics, the notion of permutation relates to the act of arranging all the members of a set into some sequence or order, or if the set is already ordered, rearranging (reordering) its elements, a process called permuting.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Permutation · See more »
Plaintext
In cryptography, plaintext or cleartext is unencrypted information, as opposed to information encrypted for storage or transmission.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Plaintext · See more »
Public-key cryptography
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is any cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys which may be disseminated widely, and private keys which are known only to the owner.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Public-key cryptography · See more »
Rainbow table
A rainbow table is a precomputed table for reversing cryptographic hash functions, usually for cracking password hashes.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Rainbow table · See more »
RC5
In cryptography, RC5 is a symmetric-key block cipher notable for its simplicity.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and RC5 · See more »
RC6
In cryptography, RC6 (Rivest cipher 6) is a symmetric key block cipher derived from RC5.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and RC6 · See more »
Roy Adler
Roy Lee Adler (February 22, 1931 – July 26, 2016) was an American mathematician.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Roy Adler · See more »
RSA Security
RSA Security LLC, formerly RSA Security, Inc. and doing business as RSA, is an American computer and network security company.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and RSA Security · See more »
Ruhr University Bochum
The Ruhr-University Bochum (German: Ruhr-Universität Bochum, RUB), located on the southern hills of central Ruhr area Bochum, was founded in 1962 as the first new public university in Germany after World War II.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Ruhr University Bochum · See more »
Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Russia · See more »
S-box
In cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and S-box · See more »
SAFER
In cryptography, SAFER (Secure And Fast Encryption Routine) is the name of a family of block ciphers designed primarily by James Massey (one of the designers of IDEA) on behalf of Cylink Corporation.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and SAFER · See more »
SciEngines GmbH
SciEngines GmbH is a privately owned company founded 2007 as a spin-off of the COPACOBANA project by the Universities of Bochum and Kiel, both in Germany.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and SciEngines GmbH · See more »
Selected Areas in Cryptography
Selected Areas in Cryptography (SAC) is an international cryptography conference (originally a workshop) held every August in Canada since 1994.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Selected Areas in Cryptography · See more »
Serpent (cipher)
Serpent is a symmetric key block cipher that was a finalist in the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) contest, where it was ranked second to Rijndael.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Serpent (cipher) · See more »
Skipjack (cipher)
In cryptography, Skipjack is a block cipher—an algorithm for encryption—developed by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA).
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Skipjack (cipher) · See more »
Software
Computer software, or simply software, is a generic term that refers to a collection of data or computer instructions that tell the computer how to work, in contrast to the physical hardware from which the system is built, that actually performs the work.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Software · See more »
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Soviet Union · See more »
Steven Levy
Steven Levy (born 1951) is an American journalist who has written several books on computers, technology, cryptography, the internet, cybersecurity, and privacy.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Steven Levy · See more »
Symmetric-key algorithm
Symmetric-key algorithms are algorithms for cryptography that use the same cryptographic keys for both encryption of plaintext and decryption of ciphertext.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Symmetric-key algorithm · See more »
Triple DES
In cryptography, Triple DES (3DES), officially the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm (TDEA or Triple DEA), is a symmetric-key block cipher, which applies the DES cipher algorithm three times to each data block.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Triple DES · See more »
Twofish
In cryptography, Twofish is a symmetric key block cipher with a block size of 128 bits and key sizes up to 256 bits.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Twofish · See more »
United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
The United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (sometimes referred to as the Intelligence Committee or SSCI) is dedicated to overseeing the United States Intelligence Community—the agencies and bureaus of the federal government of the United States who provide information and analysis for leaders of the executive and legislative branches.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence · See more »
University of Kiel
Kiel University (German: Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, CAU) is a university in the city of Kiel, Germany.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and University of Kiel · See more »
Videocipher
VideoCipher is a brand name of analog scrambling and de-scrambling equipment for cable and satellite television invented primarily to enforce Television receive-only (TVRO) satellite equipment to only receive TV programming on a subscription basis.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Videocipher · See more »
Walter Tuchman
Walter Tuchman led the Data Encryption Standard development team at IBM.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Walter Tuchman · See more »
Whitfield Diffie
Bailey Whitfield 'Whit' Diffie (born June 5, 1944) is an American cryptographer and one of the pioneers of public-key cryptography along with Martin Hellman and Ralph Merkle.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and Whitfield Diffie · See more »
56-bit encryption
In computing, 56-bit encryption refers to a key size of fifty-six bits, or seven bytes, for symmetric encryption.
New!!: Data Encryption Standard and 56-bit encryption · See more »
Redirects here:
DES (cryptography), Data Encryption Algorithm, Data encryption standard, DataEncryptionStandard, Single DES.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard
