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Enrico Fermi

Index Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi (29 September 1901 – 28 November 1954) was an Italian and naturalized American physicist, renowned for being the creator of the world's first nuclear reactor, the Chicago Pile-1, and a member of the Manhattan Project. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 336 relations: Abscess, Acoustics, Adolf Hitler, Agnosticism, Albert Einstein, Aldo Pontremoli, Alessandro Volta, Alpha particle, Aluminium, American Journal of Physics, American Philosophical Society, Aqueous homogeneous reactor, Argentina, Argonne National Laboratory, Arthur Compton, Arthur H. Rosenfeld, Association of Los Alamos Scientists, Astronomy, Atomic Age, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Atomic nucleus, Atomic number, Atomic physics, August Kopff, Ausenium and hesperium, B Reactor, Barium, Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science, Batavia, Illinois, Benito Mussolini, Beryllium, Beta decay, Binding energy, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Bohr model, Bose–Einstein statistics, Boson, Bruno Pontecorvo, C. P. Snow, Calcium fluoride, Campo de' Fiori, Carnegie Institution for Science, Catholic Church, CERN Courier, Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, Chicago Pile-1, Chien-Shiung Wu, Citizenship of the United States, Classical mechanics, Columbia University, ... Expand index (286 more) »

  2. 20th-century Italian inventors
  3. Italian Nobel laureates
  4. Italian agnostics
  5. Italian nuclear physicists
  6. Members of the Royal Academy of Italy
  7. Monte Carlo methodologists
  8. People of Emilian descent
  9. Scientists from Rome

Abscess

An abscess is a collection of pus that has built up within the tissue of the body.

See Enrico Fermi and Abscess

Acoustics

Acoustics is a branch of physics that deals with the study of mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including topics such as vibration, sound, ultrasound and infrasound.

See Enrico Fermi and Acoustics

Adolf Hitler

Adolf Hitler (20 April 1889 – 30 April 1945) was an Austrian-born German politician who was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933 until his suicide in 1945.

See Enrico Fermi and Adolf Hitler

Agnosticism

Agnosticism is the view or belief that the existence of God, the divine, or the supernatural is either unknowable in principle or currently unknown in fact.

See Enrico Fermi and Agnosticism

Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held as one of the most influential scientists. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula, which arises from relativity theory, has been called "the world's most famous equation". Enrico Fermi and Albert Einstein are American agnostics, American relativity theorists, Nobel laureates in Physics, quantum physicists, Recipients of Franklin Medal and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

See Enrico Fermi and Albert Einstein

Aldo Pontremoli

Aldo Pontremoli (19 January 1896 – 25 May 1928) was an Italian physicist who held a chair of theoretical physics at the physics department of the University of Milan from 1926 and who founded and directed the Institute of Advanced Physics at the University of Milan from 1924 until his disappearance and presumed death in May 1928.

See Enrico Fermi and Aldo Pontremoli

Alessandro Volta

Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Anastasio Volta (18 February 1745 – 5 March 1827) was an Italian physicist and chemist who was a pioneer of electricity and power and is credited as the inventor of the electric battery and the discoverer of methane.

See Enrico Fermi and Alessandro Volta

Alpha particle

Alpha particles, also called alpha rays or alpha radiation, consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus.

See Enrico Fermi and Alpha particle

Aluminium

Aluminium (Aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13.

See Enrico Fermi and Aluminium

American Journal of Physics

The American Journal of Physics is a monthly, peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Association of Physics Teachers and the American Institute of Physics.

See Enrico Fermi and American Journal of Physics

American Philosophical Society

The American Philosophical Society (APS) is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and community outreach.

See Enrico Fermi and American Philosophical Society

Aqueous homogeneous reactor

Aqueous homogeneous reactors (AHR) is a two (2) chamber reactor consisting of an interior reactor chamber and an outside cooling and moderating jacket chamber.

See Enrico Fermi and Aqueous homogeneous reactor

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

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Argonne National Laboratory

Argonne National Laboratory is a federally funded research and development center in Lemont, Illinois, United States.

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Arthur Compton

Arthur Holly Compton (September 10, 1892 – March 15, 1962) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1927 for his 1923 discovery of the Compton effect, which demonstrated the particle nature of electromagnetic radiation. Enrico Fermi and Arthur Compton are Manhattan Project people, Nobel laureates in Physics, presidents of the American Physical Society, Recipients of Franklin Medal and Recipients of the Matteucci Medal.

See Enrico Fermi and Arthur Compton

Arthur H. Rosenfeld

Arthur Hinton Rosenfeld (June 22, 1926 – January 27, 2017) was a University of California, Berkeley physicist and California energy commissioner, dubbed the "Godfather of Energy Efficiency", for developing new standards which helped improve energy efficiency in California and subsequently worldwide.

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Association of Los Alamos Scientists

The Association of Los Alamos Scientists (ALAS) was founded on August 30, 1945, by a group of scientists, who had worked on the development of the atomic bomb at the Los Alamos Laboratory, a division of the Manhattan Project.

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Astronomy

Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos.

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Atomic Age

The Atomic Age, also known as the Atomic Era, is the period of history following the detonation of the first nuclear weapon, The Gadget at the Trinity test in New Mexico on 16 July 1945 during World War II.

See Enrico Fermi and Atomic Age

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

On 6 and 9 August 1945, the United States detonated two atomic bombs over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

See Enrico Fermi and Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Atomic nucleus

The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.

See Enrico Fermi and Atomic nucleus

Atomic number

The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus.

See Enrico Fermi and Atomic number

Atomic physics

Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus.

See Enrico Fermi and Atomic physics

August Kopff

August Kopff (February 5, 1882 – April 25, 1960) was a German astronomer and discoverer of several comets and asteroids.

See Enrico Fermi and August Kopff

Ausenium and hesperium

Ausenium (atomic symbol Ao) and hesperium (atomic symbol Es) were the names initially assigned to the transuranic elements with atomic numbers 93 and 94, respectively.

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B Reactor

The B Reactor at the Hanford Site, near Richland, Washington, was the first large-scale nuclear reactor ever built.

See Enrico Fermi and B Reactor

Barium

Barium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ba and atomic number 56.

See Enrico Fermi and Barium

Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science

The Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science was established in 1889 by the will of Columbia University president Frederick A. P. Barnard, and has been awarded by Columbia University, based on recommendations by the National Academy of Sciences, every five years since 1895.

See Enrico Fermi and Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science

Batavia, Illinois

Batavia is a city mainly in Kane County and partly in DuPage County in the U.S. state of Illinois.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 188328 April 1945) was an Italian dictator who founded and led the National Fascist Party (PNF).

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Beryllium

Beryllium is a chemical element; it has symbol Be and atomic number 4.

See Enrico Fermi and Beryllium

Beta decay

In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a beta particle (fast energetic electron or positron), transforming into an isobar of that nuclide.

See Enrico Fermi and Beta decay

Binding energy

In physics and chemistry, binding energy is the smallest amount of energy required to remove a particle from a system of particles or to disassemble a system of particles into individual parts.

See Enrico Fermi and Binding energy

Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society

The Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society is an academic journal on the history of science published annually by the Royal Society.

See Enrico Fermi and Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society

Bohr model

In atomic physics, the Bohr model or Rutherford–Bohr model is an obsolete model of the atom, presented by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913.

See Enrico Fermi and Bohr model

Bose–Einstein statistics

In quantum statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics (B–E statistics) describes one of two possible ways in which a collection of non-interacting identical particles may occupy a set of available discrete energy states at thermodynamic equilibrium.

See Enrico Fermi and Bose–Einstein statistics

Boson

In particle physics, a boson is a subatomic particle whose spin quantum number has an integer value (0, 1, 2,...). Bosons form one of the two fundamental classes of subatomic particle, the other being fermions, which have odd half-integer spin (...). Every observed subatomic particle is either a boson or a fermion.

See Enrico Fermi and Boson

Bruno Pontecorvo

Bruno Pontecorvo (Бру́но Макси́мович Понтеко́рво, Bruno Maksimovich Pontecorvo; 22 August 1913 – 24 September 1993) was an Italian and Soviet nuclear physicist, an early assistant of Enrico Fermi and the author of numerous studies in high energy physics, especially on neutrinos. Enrico Fermi and Bruno Pontecorvo are academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome, Italian exiles, Italian nuclear physicists, Manhattan Project people and members of the Lincean Academy.

See Enrico Fermi and Bruno Pontecorvo

C. P. Snow

Charles Percy Snow, Baron Snow, (15 October 1905 – 1 July 1980) was an English novelist and physical chemist who also served in several important positions in the British Civil Service and briefly in the UK government.

See Enrico Fermi and C. P. Snow

Calcium fluoride

Calcium fluoride is the inorganic compound of the elements calcium and fluorine with the formula CaF2.

See Enrico Fermi and Calcium fluoride

Campo de' Fiori

Campo de' Fiori (literally "field of flowers") is a rectangular square south of Piazza Navona in Rome, Italy, at the border between rione Parione and rione Regola.

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Carnegie Institution for Science

The Carnegie Institution for Science, also known as Carnegie Science and the Carnegie Institution of Washington, is an organization in the United States established to fund and perform scientific research.

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.

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CERN Courier

CERN Courier (or sometimes CERN Courier: International Journal of High Energy Physics) is a bi-monthly trade magazine covering current developments in high-energy physics and related fields worldwide.

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Chandrasekhar–Fermi method

Chandrasekhar–Fermi method or CF method or Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method is a method that is used to calculate the mean strength of the interstellar magnetic field that is projected on the plane of the sky.

See Enrico Fermi and Chandrasekhar–Fermi method

Chicago Pile-1

Chicago Pile-1 (CP-1) was the world's first artificial nuclear reactor.

See Enrico Fermi and Chicago Pile-1

Chien-Shiung Wu

Chien-Shiung Wu (w; May 31, 1912 – February 16, 1997) was a Chinese-American particle and experimental physicist who made significant contributions in the fields of nuclear and particle physics. Enrico Fermi and Chien-Shiung Wu are American nuclear physicists, Manhattan Project people and presidents of the American Physical Society.

See Enrico Fermi and Chien-Shiung Wu

Citizenship of the United States

Citizenship of the United States is a legal status that entails Americans with specific rights, duties, protections, and benefits in the United States.

See Enrico Fermi and Citizenship of the United States

Classical mechanics

Classical mechanics is a physical theory describing the motion of objects such as projectiles, parts of machinery, spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies.

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Columbia University

Columbia University, officially Columbia University in the City of New York, is a private Ivy League research university in New York City.

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Conservation of energy

The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be ''conserved'' over time.

See Enrico Fermi and Conservation of energy

Control rod

Control rods are used in nuclear reactors to control the rate of fission of the nuclear fuel – uranium or plutonium.

See Enrico Fermi and Control rod

Corriere della Sera

Corriere della Sera ("Evening Courier") is an Italian daily newspaper published in Milan with an average circulation of 246,278 copies in May 2023.

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Cosmic ray

Cosmic rays or astroparticles are high-energy particles or clusters of particles (primarily represented by protons or atomic nuclei) that move through space at nearly the speed of light.

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Curie (unit)

The curie (symbol Ci) is a non-SI unit of radioactivity originally defined in 1910.

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Diffusion equation

The diffusion equation is a parabolic partial differential equation.

See Enrico Fermi and Diffusion equation

DuPont

DuPont de Nemours, Inc., commonly shortened to DuPont, is an American multinational chemical company first formed in 1802 by French-American chemist and industrialist Éleuthère Irénée du Pont de Nemours.

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Edoardo Amaldi

Edoardo Amaldi (5 September 1908 – 5 December 1989) was an Italian physicist. Enrico Fermi and Edoardo Amaldi are academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome, Foreign Members of the Royal Society and members of the Lincean Academy.

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Edward Teller

Edward Teller (Teller Ede; January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist and chemical engineer who is known colloquially as "the father of the hydrogen bomb" and one of the creators of the Teller–Ulam design. Enrico Fermi and Edward Teller are academic staff of the University of Göttingen, American agnostics, American nuclear physicists, Manhattan Project people and theoretical physicists.

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Egon Bretscher

Egon Bretscher (23 May 1901 – 16 April 1973) was a Swiss-born British chemist and nuclear physicist and Head of the Nuclear Physics Division from 1948 to 1966 at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, also known as Harwell Laboratory, in Harwell, United Kingdom. Enrico Fermi and Egon Bretscher are Manhattan Project people.

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Einstein–Szilard letter

The Einstein–Szilard letter was a letter written by Leo Szilard and signed by Albert Einstein on August 2, 1939, that was sent to President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt.

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Eldorado Resources

Eldorado Resources was a Canadian mining company active between 1926 and 1988.

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Electric motor

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

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Electromagnetism

In physics, electromagnetism is an interaction that occurs between particles with electric charge via electromagnetic fields.

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Electron

The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.

See Enrico Fermi and Electron

Emilio Segrè

Emilio Gino Segrè (1 February 1905 – 22 April 1989) was an Italian and naturalized-American physicist and Nobel laureate, who discovered the elements technetium and astatine, and the antiproton, a subatomic antiparticle, for which he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1959 along with Owen Chamberlain. Enrico Fermi and Emilio Segrè are academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome, experimental physicists, Italian Nobel laureates, Italian emigrants to the United States, Italian exiles, Manhattan Project people and Nobel laureates in Physics.

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Enriched uranium

Enriched uranium is a type of uranium in which the percent composition of uranium-235 (written 235U) has been increased through the process of isotope separation.

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Enrico Fermi Award

The Enrico Fermi Award is a scientific award conferred by the President of the United States.

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Enrico Fermi Institute

The Institute for Nuclear Studies was founded September 1945 as part of the University of Chicago with Samuel King Allison as director.

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Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station

The Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station is a nuclear power plant on the shore of Lake Erie near Monroe, in Frenchtown Charter Township, Michigan on approximately.

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Enrico Fermi Nuclear Power Plant (Italy)

Enrico Fermi Nuclear Power Plant was a nuclear power plant at Trino (often referred to as ‘Trino Vercellese’, meaning ‘Trino in the Province of Vercelli’), in north-west Italy.

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Enrico Persico

Enrico Persico (August 9, 1900 – June 17, 1969) was an Italian physicist notable for propagating the field of quantum mechanics in Italy.

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Equivalence principle

The equivalence principle is the hypothesis that the observed equivalence of gravitational and inertial mass is a consequence of nature.

See Enrico Fermi and Equivalence principle

Ernest Lawrence

Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 – August 27, 1958) was an American nuclear physicist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939 for his invention of the cyclotron. Enrico Fermi and Ernest Lawrence are American nuclear physicists, Manhattan Project people, medal for Merit recipients and Nobel laureates in Physics.

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Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear physics. Enrico Fermi and Ernest Rutherford are experimental physicists, Recipients of Franklin Medal and Recipients of the Matteucci Medal.

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Ettore Majorana

Ettore Majorana (uploaded 19 April 2013, retrieved 14 December 2019; born on 5 August 1906 – likely dying in or after 1959) was an Italian theoretical physicist who worked on neutrino masses. Enrico Fermi and Ettore Majorana are academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome.

See Enrico Fermi and Ettore Majorana

Euclidean space

Euclidean space is the fundamental space of geometry, intended to represent physical space.

See Enrico Fermi and Euclidean space

Eugene T. Booth

Eugene Theodore Booth, Jr. (28 September 1912 – 6 March 2004) was an American nuclear physicist. Enrico Fermi and Eugene T. Booth are American nuclear physicists and Manhattan Project people.

See Enrico Fermi and Eugene T. Booth

Eugene Wigner

Eugene Paul Wigner (Wigner Jenő Pál,; November 17, 1902 – January 1, 1995) was a Hungarian-American theoretical physicist who also contributed to mathematical physics. Enrico Fermi and Eugene Wigner are academic staff of the University of Göttingen, Foreign Members of the Royal Society, Manhattan Project people, Nobel laureates in Physics, presidents of the American Physical Society, Recipients of Franklin Medal, theoretical physicists and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

See Enrico Fermi and Eugene Wigner

Experimental physics

Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments.

See Enrico Fermi and Experimental physics

Exploratory surgery

Exploratory surgery is surgery whose purpose is to look inside the body to help diagnose an ailment.

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Fellow of the Royal Society

Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted by the Fellows of the Royal Society of London to individuals who have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science, and medical science".

See Enrico Fermi and Fellow of the Royal Society

Fermi 1

Fermi 1 was the United States' only demonstration-scale breeder reactor, built during the 1950s at the Enrico Fermi Nuclear Generating Station on the western shore of Lake Erie south of Detroit, Michigan.

See Enrico Fermi and Fermi 1

Fermi coordinates

In the mathematical theory of Riemannian geometry, there are two uses of the term Fermi coordinates.

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Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope

The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST, also FGRST), formerly called the Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST), is a space observatory being used to perform gamma-ray astronomy observations from low Earth orbit.

See Enrico Fermi and Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope

Fermi gas

A Fermi gas is an idealized model, an ensemble of many non-interacting fermions.

See Enrico Fermi and Fermi gas

Fermi paradox

The Fermi paradox is the discrepancy between the lack of conclusive evidence of advanced extraterrestrial life and the apparently high likelihood of its existence.

See Enrico Fermi and Fermi paradox

Fermi problem

In physics or engineering education, a Fermi problem (or Fermi quiz, Fermi question, Fermi estimate), also known as a order-of-magnitude problem (or order-of-magnitude estimate, order estimation), is an estimation problem designed to teach dimensional analysis or approximation of extreme scientific calculations.

See Enrico Fermi and Fermi problem

Fermi's golden rule

In quantum physics, Fermi's golden rule is a formula that describes the transition rate (the probability of a transition per unit time) from one energy eigenstate of a quantum system to a group of energy eigenstates in a continuum, as a result of a weak perturbation.

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Fermi's interaction

In particle physics, Fermi's interaction (also the Fermi theory of beta decay or the Fermi four-fermion interaction) is an explanation of the beta decay, proposed by Enrico Fermi in 1933.

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Fermi–Dirac statistics

Fermi–Dirac statistics is a type of quantum statistics that applies to the physics of a system consisting of many non-interacting, identical particles that obey the Pauli exclusion principle.

See Enrico Fermi and Fermi–Dirac statistics

Fermilab

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), located in Batavia, Illinois, near Chicago, is a United States Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics.

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Fermion

In particle physics, a fermion is a particle that follows Fermi–Dirac statistics.

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Fermium

Fermium is a synthetic chemical element; it has symbol Fm and atomic number 100.

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Florence

Florence (Firenze) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany.

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Fluorine

Fluorine is a chemical element; it has symbol F and atomic number 9.

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Fourier analysis

In mathematics, Fourier analysis is the study of the way general functions may be represented or approximated by sums of simpler trigonometric functions.

See Enrico Fermi and Fourier analysis

Francis G. Slack

Francis Goddard Slack (November 1, 1897 – February 2, 1985) was an American physicist. Enrico Fermi and Francis G. Slack are American nuclear physicists and Manhattan Project people.

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Franco Rasetti

Franco Dino Rasetti (August 10, 1901 – December 5, 2001) was an Italian (later naturalized American) physicist, paleontologist and botanist. Enrico Fermi and Franco Rasetti are academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome, American nuclear physicists, Italian emigrants to the United States, Italian exiles and Italian nuclear physicists.

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Franklin D. Roosevelt

Franklin Delano Roosevelt (January 30, 1882April 12, 1945), commonly known by his initials FDR, was an American politician who served as the 32nd president of the United States from 1933 until his death in 1945.

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Franklin Medal

The Franklin Medal was a science award presented from 1915 until 1997 by the Franklin Institute located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. It was founded in 1914 by Samuel Insull. Enrico Fermi and Franklin Medal are Recipients of Franklin Medal.

See Enrico Fermi and Franklin Medal

Frédéric Joliot-Curie

Jean Frédéric Joliot-Curie (19 March 1900 – 14 August 1958) was a French physicist and husband of Irène Joliot-Curie, with whom he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935 for their discovery of induced radioactivity. Enrico Fermi and Frédéric Joliot-Curie are Foreign Members of the Royal Society.

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Fritz Strassmann

Friedrich Wilhelm Strassmann (22 February 1902 – 22 April 1980) was a German chemist who, with Otto Hahn in December 1938, identified the element barium as a product of the bombardment of uranium with neutrons.

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Fundamental interaction

In physics, the fundamental interactions or fundamental forces are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions.

See Enrico Fermi and Fundamental interaction

G. N. Glasoe

G. Enrico Fermi and G. N. Glasoe are American nuclear physicists and Manhattan Project people.

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Gamma ray

A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei.

See Enrico Fermi and Gamma ray

General relativity

General relativity, also known as the general theory of relativity and Einstein's theory of gravity, is the geometric theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915 and is the current description of gravitation in modern physics.

See Enrico Fermi and General relativity

Geoffrey Chew

Geoffrey Foucar Chew (June 5, 1924 – April 12, 2019) was an American theoretical physicist. Enrico Fermi and Geoffrey Chew are Manhattan Project people.

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George Washington University

The George Washington University (GW or GWU) is a private federally-chartered research university in Washington, D.C. Originally named Columbian College, it was chartered in 1821 by the United States Congress and is the first university founded under Washington D.C.'s jurisdiction.

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German language

German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.

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Gian Carlo Wick

Gian Carlo Wick (15 October 1909 – 20 April 1992) was an Italian theoretical physicist who made important contributions to quantum field theory. Enrico Fermi and Gian Carlo Wick are Recipients of the Matteucci Medal.

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Giovanni Giorgi

Giovanni Giorgi (November 27, 1871 – August 19, 1950) was an Italian physicist and electrical engineer who proposed the Giorgi system of measurement, the precursor to the International System of Units (SI).

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Grand Orient of Italy

The Grand Orient of Italy (GOI) (Grande Oriente d'Italia) is an Italian masonic grand lodge founded in 1805; the viceroy Eugene of Beauharnais was instrumental in its establishment.

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Graphite

Graphite is a crystalline form of the element carbon.

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Gravity of Earth

The gravity of Earth, denoted by, is the net acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the combined effect of gravitation (from mass distribution within Earth) and the centrifugal force (from the Earth's rotation).

See Enrico Fermi and Gravity of Earth

Gyroscope

A gyroscope (from Ancient Greek γῦρος gŷros, "round" and σκοπέω skopéō, "to look") is a device used for measuring or maintaining orientation and angular velocity.

See Enrico Fermi and Gyroscope

Half-life

Half-life (symbol) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value.

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Hanford Site

The Hanford Site is a decommissioned nuclear production complex operated by the United States federal government on the Columbia River in Benton County in the U.S. state of Washington.

See Enrico Fermi and Hanford Site

Hans Bethe

Hans Albrecht Bethe (July 2, 1906 – March 6, 2005) was a German-American theoretical physicist who made major contributions to nuclear physics, astrophysics, quantum electrodynamics, and solid-state physics, and who won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis. Enrico Fermi and Hans Bethe are American nuclear physicists, Foreign Members of the Royal Society, Manhattan Project people, Nobel laureates in Physics, presidents of the American Physical Society, quantum physicists, Recipients of Franklin Medal, theoretical physicists and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

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Hans von Halban

Hans Heinrich von Halban (24 January 1908 – 28 November 1964) was a French physicist, of Austrian-Jewish descent. Enrico Fermi and Hans von Halban are Manhattan Project people.

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Harold Agnew

Harold Melvin Agnew (March 28, 1921 – September 29, 2013) was an American physicist, best known for having flown as a scientific observer on the Hiroshima bombing mission and, later, as the third director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory. Enrico Fermi and Harold Agnew are Manhattan Project people.

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Harvard University

Harvard University is a private Ivy League research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

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Hendrik Lorentz

Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (18 July 1853 – 4 February 1928) was a Dutch physicist who shared the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pieter Zeeman for the discovery and theoretical explanation of the Zeeman effect. Enrico Fermi and Hendrik Lorentz are Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Foreign Members of the Royal Society, Nobel laureates in Physics and Recipients of Franklin Medal.

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Herbert L. Anderson

Herbert Lawrence Anderson (May 24, 1914 – July 16, 1988) was an American nuclear physicist who was Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago. Enrico Fermi and Herbert L. Anderson are Manhattan Project people.

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History of the Teller–Ulam design

The Teller–Ulam design is a technical concept behind modern thermonuclear weapons, also known as hydrogen bombs.

See Enrico Fermi and History of the Teller–Ulam design

Hughes Medal

The Hughes Medal is awarded by the Royal Society of London "in recognition of an original discovery in the physical sciences, particularly electricity and magnetism or their applications".

See Enrico Fermi and Hughes Medal

Ida Noddack

Ida Noddack (25 February 1896 – 24 September 1978), née Tacke, was a German chemist and physicist.

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Ideal gas

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that are not subject to interparticle interactions.

See Enrico Fermi and Ideal gas

Indistinguishable particles

In quantum mechanics, indistinguishable particles (also called identical or indiscernible particles) are particles that cannot be distinguished from one another, even in principle.

See Enrico Fermi and Indistinguishable particles

Induced radioactivity

Induced radioactivity, also called artificial radioactivity or man-made radioactivity, is the process of using radiation to make a previously stable material radioactive.

See Enrico Fermi and Induced radioactivity

Interim Committee

The Interim Committee was a secret high-level group created in May 1945 by United States Secretary of War, Henry L. Stimson at the urging of leaders of the Manhattan Project and with the approval of President Harry S. Truman to advise on matters pertaining to nuclear energy.

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Irène Joliot-Curie

Irène Joliot-Curie (12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French chemist, physicist and politician, the elder daughter of Pierre Curie and Marie Skłodowska–Curie, and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie.

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Isidor Isaac Rabi

Isidor Isaac Rabi (born Israel Isaac Rabi, July 29, 1898 – January 11, 1988) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1944 for his discovery of nuclear magnetic resonance, which is used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Enrico Fermi and Isidor Isaac Rabi are American nuclear physicists, Manhattan Project people, medal for Merit recipients, Nobel laureates in Physics and presidents of the American Physical Society.

See Enrico Fermi and Isidor Isaac Rabi

Italian racial laws

The Italian racial laws, otherwise referred to as the Racial Laws (Leggi Razziali), were a series of laws promulgated by the government of Benito Mussolini in Fascist Italy from 1938 to 1944 in order to enforce racial discrimination and segregation in the Kingdom of Italy.

See Enrico Fermi and Italian racial laws

Ivy Mike

Ivy Mike was the codename given to the first full-scale test of a thermonuclear device, in which part of the explosive yield comes from nuclear fusion.

See Enrico Fermi and Ivy Mike

J. Robert Oppenheimer

J. Enrico Fermi and J. Robert Oppenheimer are American agnostics, American nuclear physicists, American relativity theorists, Foreign Members of the Royal Society, Manhattan Project people, medal for Merit recipients and presidents of the American Physical Society.

See Enrico Fermi and J. Robert Oppenheimer

Jack Steinberger

Jack Steinberger (born Hans Jakob Steinberger; May 25, 1921December 12, 2020) was a German-born American physicist noted for his work with neutrinos, the subatomic particles considered to be elementary constituents of matter. Enrico Fermi and Jack Steinberger are experimental physicists, Nobel laureates in Physics and Recipients of the Matteucci Medal.

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James B. Conant

James Bryant Conant (March 26, 1893 – February 11, 1978) was an American chemist, a transformative President of Harvard University, and the first U.S. Ambassador to West Germany. Enrico Fermi and James B. Conant are Foreign Members of the Royal Society, Manhattan Project people and medal for Merit recipients.

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James Chadwick

Sir James Chadwick, (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was an English physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. Enrico Fermi and James Chadwick are experimental physicists, Manhattan Project people, medal for Merit recipients, Nobel laureates in Physics and Recipients of Franklin Medal.

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Jan Tinbergen

Jan Tinbergen (12 April 19039 June 1994) was a Dutch economist who was awarded the first Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences in 1969, which he shared with Ragnar Frisch for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes.

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Jerome Isaac Friedman

Jerome Isaac Friedman (born March 28, 1930) is an American physicist. Enrico Fermi and Jerome Isaac Friedman are Nobel laureates in Physics and presidents of the American Physical Society.

See Enrico Fermi and Jerome Isaac Friedman

Jesuits

The Society of Jesus (Societas Iesu; abbreviation: SJ), also known as the Jesuit Order or the Jesuits (Iesuitae), is a religious order of clerics regular of pontifical right for men in the Catholic Church headquartered in Rome.

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John Archibald Wheeler

John Archibald Wheeler (July 9, 1911April 13, 2008) was an American theoretical physicist. Enrico Fermi and John Archibald Wheeler are American nuclear physicists, American relativity theorists, Foreign Members of the Royal Society, Manhattan Project people, presidents of the American Physical Society, Recipients of Franklin Medal and Recipients of the Matteucci Medal.

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John R. Dunning

John Ray Dunning (September 24, 1907 – August 25, 1975) was an American physicist who played key roles in the Manhattan Project that developed the first atomic bombs. Enrico Fermi and John R. Dunning are American nuclear physicists, Manhattan Project people and medal for Merit recipients.

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John von Neumann

John von Neumann (Neumann János Lajos; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian and American mathematician, physicist, computer scientist, engineer and polymath. Enrico Fermi and John von Neumann are academic staff of the University of Göttingen, American nuclear physicists, Manhattan Project people, medal for Merit recipients, members of the Lincean Academy, monte Carlo methodologists, quantum physicists and theoretical physicists.

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Laura Fermi

Laura Capon Fermi (Rome, 16 June 1907 – Chicago, 26 December 1977) was an Italian and naturalized-American writer and political activist. Enrico Fermi and Laura Fermi are Italian emigrants to the United States.

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Laurea

In Italy, the laurea is the main post-secondary academic degree.

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Lead

Lead is a chemical element; it has symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.

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Leiden

Leiden (in English and archaic Dutch also Leyden) is a city and municipality in the province of South Holland, Netherlands.

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Leiden University

Leiden University (abbreviated as LEI; Universiteit Leiden) is a public research university in Leiden, Netherlands.

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Leo Szilard

Leo Szilard (Szilárd Leó, pronounced; born Leó Spitz; February 11, 1898 – May 30, 1964) was a Hungarian born physicist and inventor. Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard are American agnostics, American nuclear physicists and Manhattan Project people.

See Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard

Leona Woods

Leona Harriet Woods (August 9, 1919 – November 10, 1986), later known as Leona Woods Marshall and Leona Woods Marshall Libby, was an American physicist who helped build the first nuclear reactor and the first atomic bomb. Enrico Fermi and Leona Woods are American nuclear physicists and Manhattan Project people.

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Lepton

In particle physics, a lepton is an elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin) that does not undergo strong interactions.

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Leslie Groves

Leslie Richard Groves Jr. (17 August 1896 – 13 July 1970) was a United States Army Corps of Engineers officer who oversaw the construction of the Pentagon and directed the Manhattan Project, a top secret research project that developed the atomic bomb during World War II. Enrico Fermi and Leslie Groves are Manhattan Project people.

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Lew Kowarski

Lew Kowarski (10 February 1907 – 30 July 1979) was a Russian-French physicist. Enrico Fermi and Lew Kowarski are Manhattan Project people.

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Lise Meitner

Lise Meitner (born Elise Meitner, 7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian physicist who was instrumental in the discovery of protactinium and nuclear fission. Enrico Fermi and Lise Meitner are Foreign Members of the Royal Society and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

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List of chemical elements named after people

This list of chemical elements named after people includes elements named for people both directly and indirectly.

See Enrico Fermi and List of chemical elements named after people

List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1950

This article lists fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1950.

See Enrico Fermi and List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1950

List of things named after Enrico Fermi

Enrico Fermi (1901–1954), an Italian-born, naturalized American physicist, is the eponym of the topics listed below.

See Enrico Fermi and List of things named after Enrico Fermi

Los Alamos National Laboratory

Los Alamos National Laboratory (often shortened as Los Alamos and LANL) is one of the sixteen research and development laboratories of the United States Department of Energy (DOE), located a short distance northwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico, in the American southwest.

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Los Alamos, New Mexico

Los Alamos (Los Álamos, meaning The Cottonwoods) is a census-designated place in Los Alamos County, New Mexico, United States, that is recognized as one of the development and creation places of the atomic bomb—the primary objective of the Manhattan Project by Los Alamos National Laboratory during World War II.

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Luigi Puccianti

Luigi Puccianti (11 June 1875 – 9 June 1952) was an Italian physicist.

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Magnesium

Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.

See Enrico Fermi and Magnesium

Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project was a research and development program undertaken during World War II to produce the first nuclear weapons.

See Enrico Fermi and Manhattan Project

Maria Goeppert Mayer

Maria Goeppert Mayer (June 28, 1906 – February 20, 1972) was a German-born American theoretical physicist, and Nobel laureate in Physics for proposing the nuclear shell model of the atomic nucleus. Enrico Fermi and Maria Goeppert Mayer are American nuclear physicists, Manhattan Project people and Nobel laureates in Physics.

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Marvin Leonard Goldberger

Marvin Leonard "Murph" Goldberger (October 22, 1922 – November 26, 2014) was an American theoretical physicist and former president of the California Institute of Technology.

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Masonic lodge

A Masonic lodge, also called a private lodge or constituent lodge, is the basic organisational unit of Freemasonry.

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Mass

Mass is an intrinsic property of a body.

See Enrico Fermi and Mass

Mass–energy equivalence

In physics, mass–energy equivalence is the relationship between mass and energy in a system's rest frame, where the two quantities differ only by a multiplicative constant and the units of measurement.

See Enrico Fermi and Mass–energy equivalence

Mathematical physics

Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.

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Mathematics

Mathematics is a field of study that discovers and organizes abstract objects, methods, theories and theorems that are developed and proved for the needs of empirical sciences and mathematics itself.

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Matteucci Medal

The Matteucci Medal is an Italian award for physicists, named after Carlo Matteucci from Forlì.

See Enrico Fermi and Matteucci Medal

Max Born

Max Born (11 December 1882 – 5 January 1970) was a German-British physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. Enrico Fermi and max Born are academic staff of the University of Göttingen, Nobel laureates in Physics, quantum physicists, theoretical physicists and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

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Max Planck Medal

The Max Planck medal is the highest award of the German Physical Society (Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft), the world's largest organization of physicists, for extraordinary achievements in theoretical physics.

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Mechanics

Mechanics (from Ancient Greek: μηχανική, mēkhanikḗ, "of machines") is the area of physics concerned with the relationships between force, matter, and motion among physical objects.

See Enrico Fermi and Mechanics

Medal for Merit

The Medal for Merit was the highest civilian decoration of the United States in the gift of the president. Enrico Fermi and Medal for Merit are medal for Merit recipients.

See Enrico Fermi and Medal for Merit

Metallurgical Laboratory

The Metallurgical Laboratory (or Met Lab) was a scientific laboratory at the University of Chicago that was established in February 1942 to study and use the newly discovered chemical element plutonium.

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Milan

Milan (Milano) is a city in northern Italy, regional capital of Lombardy, and the second-most-populous city proper in Italy after Rome.

See Enrico Fermi and Milan

Mildred Dresselhaus

Mildred Dresselhaus as a member of National Academy of Engineering in Electronics, Communication & Information Systems Engineering and Materials Engineering for contributions to the experimental studies of metals and semimetals, and to education. Enrico Fermi and Mildred Dresselhaus are presidents of the American Physical Society.

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Muon

A muon (from the Greek letter mu (μ) used to represent it) is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with an electric charge of −1 e and spin-1/2, but with a much greater mass.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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National Academy of Sciences

The National Academy of Sciences (NAS) is a United States nonprofit, non-governmental organization.

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National Atomic Energy Commission

The National Atomic Energy Commission (Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, CNEA) is the Argentine government agency in charge of nuclear energy research and development.

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National Defense Research Committee

The National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) was an organization created "to coordinate, supervise, and conduct scientific research on the problems underlying the development, production, and use of mechanisms and devices of warfare" in the United States from June 27, 1940, until June 28, 1941.

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National Fascist Party

The National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF) was a political party in Italy, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Italian fascism and as a reorganisation of the previous Italian Fasces of Combat.

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Nature (journal)

Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.

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Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.

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Nazism

Nazism, formally National Socialism (NS; Nationalsozialismus), is the far-right totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany.

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Nello Carrara

Nello Carrara (19 February 1900 – 5 June 1993) was an Italian physicist and founder of the Electromagnetic Wave Research Institute. Enrico Fermi and Nello Carrara are university of Pisa alumni.

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Neutron

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Neutron capture

Neutron capture is a nuclear reaction in which an atomic nucleus and one or more neutrons collide and merge to form a heavier nucleus.

See Enrico Fermi and Neutron capture

Neutron moderator

In nuclear engineering, a neutron moderator is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, ideally without capturing any, leaving them as thermal neutrons with only minimal (thermal) kinetic energy.

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Neutron poison

In applications such as nuclear reactors, a neutron poison (also called a neutron absorber or a nuclear poison) is a substance with a large neutron absorption cross-section.

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Neutron scattering

Neutron scattering, the irregular dispersal of free neutrons by matter, can refer to either the naturally occurring physical process itself or to the man-made experimental techniques that use the natural process for investigating materials.

See Enrico Fermi and Neutron scattering

Neutron source

A neutron source is any device that emits neutrons, irrespective of the mechanism used to produce the neutrons.

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Neutron temperature

The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts.

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Newport, Michigan

Newport is an unincorporated community in Monroe County in the U.S. state of Michigan.

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Nicholas Metropolis

Nicholas Constantine Metropolis (Greek: Νικόλαος Μητρόπουλος; June 11, 1915 – October 17, 1999) was a Greek-American physicist. Enrico Fermi and Nicholas Metropolis are Manhattan Project people and monte Carlo methodologists.

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Niels Bohr

Niels Henrik David Bohr (7 October 1885 – 18 November 1962) was a Danish physicist who made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922. Enrico Fermi and Niels Bohr are Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Foreign Members of the Royal Society, Manhattan Project people, Nobel laureates in Physics, quantum physicists, Recipients of Franklin Medal, Recipients of the Matteucci Medal, theoretical physicists and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

See Enrico Fermi and Niels Bohr

Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.

See Enrico Fermi and Nitrogen

Nobel Prize in Physics

The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics.

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Nuclear chain reaction

In nuclear physics, a nuclear chain reaction occurs when one single nuclear reaction causes an average of one or more subsequent nuclear reactions, thus leading to the possibility of a self-propagating series or "positive feedback loop" of these reactions.

See Enrico Fermi and Nuclear chain reaction

Nuclear fission

Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei.

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Nuclear fission product

Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus undergoes nuclear fission.

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Nuclear fusion

Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei, usually deuterium and tritium (hydrogen isotopes), combine to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons).

See Enrico Fermi and Nuclear fusion

Nuclear physics

Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions, in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter.

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Nuclear power

Nuclear power is the use of nuclear reactions to produce electricity.

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Nuclear reaction

In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, a nuclear reaction is a process in which two nuclei, or a nucleus and an external subatomic particle, collide to produce one or more new nuclides.

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Nuclear reactor

A nuclear reactor is a device used to initiate and control a fission nuclear chain reaction or nuclear fusion reactions.

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Nuclear reactor physics

Nuclear reactor physics is the field of physics that studies and deals with the applied study and engineering applications of chain reaction to induce a controlled rate of fission in a nuclear reactor for the production of energy.

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Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion.

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Nucleon

In physics and chemistry, a nucleon is either a proton or a neutron, considered in its role as a component of an atomic nucleus.

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Nuclide

A nuclide (or nucleide, from nucleus, also known as nuclear species) is a class of atoms characterized by their number of protons, Z, their number of neutrons, N, and their nuclear energy state.

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Nuovo Cimento

Nuovo Cimento is a series of peer-reviewed scientific journals of physics.

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Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a federally funded research and development center in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States.

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Oak Ridge, Tennessee

Oak Ridge is a city in Anderson and Roane counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee, about west of downtown Knoxville.

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Oak Woods Cemetery

Oak Woods Cemetery is a large lawn cemetery in Chicago, Illinois.

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Office of Scientific Research and Development

The Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) was an agency of the United States federal government created to coordinate scientific research for military purposes during World War II.

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Oppenheimer security clearance hearing

Over four weeks in 1954, the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) explored the background, actions, and associations of J. Robert Oppenheimer, the American scientist who directed the Los Alamos Laboratory during World War II as part of the Manhattan Project to develop the atomic bomb.

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Optics

Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.

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Orso Mario Corbino

Orso Mario Corbino (30 April 1876 – 23 January 1937) was an Italian physicist and politician.

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Otto Hahn

Otto Hahn (8 March 1879 – 28 July 1968) was a German chemist who was a pioneer in the fields of radioactivity and radiochemistry. Enrico Fermi and Otto Hahn are Foreign Members of the Royal Society and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

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Otto Robert Frisch

Otto Robert Frisch (1 October 1904 – 22 September 1979) was an Austrian-born British physicist who worked on nuclear physics. Enrico Fermi and Otto Robert Frisch are Manhattan Project people.

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Owen Chamberlain

Owen Chamberlain (July 10, 1920 – February 28, 2006) was an American physicist who shared with Emilio Segrè the Nobel Prize in Physics for the discovery of the antiproton, a sub-atomic antiparticle. Enrico Fermi and Owen Chamberlain are Manhattan Project people and Nobel laureates in Physics.

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Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.

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Paraffin wax

Paraffin wax (or petroleum wax) is a soft colorless solid derived from petroleum, coal, or oil shale that consists of a mixture of hydrocarbon molecules containing between 20 and 40 carbon atoms.

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Partial differential equation

In mathematics, a partial differential equation (PDE) is an equation which computes a function between various partial derivatives of a multivariable function.

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Particle accelerator

A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies to contain them in well-defined beams.

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Particle physics

Particle physics or high-energy physics is the study of fundamental particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation.

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Pascual Jordan

Ernst Pascual Jordan (18 October 1902 – 31 July 1980) was a German theoretical and mathematical physicist who made significant contributions to quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. Enrico Fermi and Pascual Jordan are winners of the Max Planck Medal.

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Paul Dirac

Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English mathematical and theoretical physicist who is considered to be one of the founders of quantum mechanics. Enrico Fermi and Paul Dirac are academic staff of the University of Göttingen, Nobel laureates in Physics and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

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Paul Ehrenfest

Paul Ehrenfest (18 January 1880 – 25 September 1933) was an Austrian theoretical physicist who made major contributions to the topic of statistical mechanics and its relations with quantum mechanics, including the theory of phase transition and the Ehrenfest theorem.

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Pauli exclusion principle

In quantum mechanics, the Pauli exclusion principle states that two or more identical particles with half-integer spins (i.e. fermions) cannot simultaneously occupy the same quantum state within a system that obeys the laws of quantum mechanics.

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Physical Review

Physical Review is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols.

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Physical system

A physical system is a collection of physical objects under study.

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Physics

Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.

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Physikalische Zeitschrift

Physikalische Zeitschrift (English: Physical Journal) was a German scientific journal of physics published from 1899 to 1945 by S. Hirzel Verlag.

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Pion

In particle physics, a pion or pi meson, denoted with the Greek letter pi, is any of three subatomic particles:,, and.

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Pisa

Pisa is a city and comune in Tuscany, central Italy, straddling the Arno just before it empties into the Ligurian Sea.

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Platinum

Platinum is a chemical element; it has symbol Pt and atomic number 78.

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Plutonium

Plutonium is a chemical element; it has symbol Pu and atomic number 94.

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Polonium

Polonium is a chemical element; it has symbol Po and atomic number 84.

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Potential energy

In physics, potential energy is the energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects, stresses within itself, its electric charge, or other factors.

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Princeton University

Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey.

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Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society

Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society is a quarterly journal published by the American Philosophical Society since 1838.

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Proceedings of the Royal Society

Proceedings of the Royal Society is the main research journal of the Royal Society.

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Project Y

The Los Alamos Laboratory, also known as Project Y, was a secret laboratory established by the Manhattan Project and operated by the University of California during World War II.

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Projective geometry

In mathematics, projective geometry is the study of geometric properties that are invariant with respect to projective transformations.

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Public address system

A public address system (or PA system) is an electronic system comprising microphones, amplifiers, loudspeakers, and related equipment.

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Pupin Hall

Pupin Physics Laboratories, also known as Pupin Hall, is home to the physics and astronomy departments of Columbia University in New York City.

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Quantum mechanics

Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms.

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Quark

A quark is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter.

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Quark model

In particle physics, the quark model is a classification scheme for hadrons in terms of their valence quarks—the quarks and antiquarks that give rise to the quantum numbers of the hadrons.

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RA-1 Enrico Fermi

RA-1 Enrico Fermi is a research reactor in Argentina.

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Radioactive decay

Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation.

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Radium

Radium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ra and atomic number 88.

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Radon

Radon is a chemical element; it has symbol Rn and atomic number 86.

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Rayleigh–Taylor instability

The Rayleigh–Taylor instability, or RT instability (after Lord Rayleigh and G. I. Taylor), is an instability of an interface between two fluids of different densities which occurs when the lighter fluid is pushing the heavier fluid.

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RDS-1

The RDS-1 (РДС-1), also known as Izdeliye 501 (device 501) and First Lightning, was the nuclear bomb used in the Soviet Union's first nuclear weapon test.

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Research reactor

Research reactors are nuclear fission-based nuclear reactors that serve primarily as a neutron source.

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Richard Garwin

Richard Lawrence Garwin (born April 19, 1928) is an American physicist, best known as the author of the first hydrogen bomb design. Enrico Fermi and Richard Garwin are American nuclear physicists.

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Richard Rhodes

Richard Lee Rhodes (born July 4, 1937) is an American historian, journalist, and author of both fiction and non-fiction, including the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Making of the Atomic Bomb (1986), and most recently, Energy: A Human History (2018).

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Rockefeller Chapel

Rockefeller Chapel is a Gothic Revival chapel on the campus of the University of Chicago in Chicago, Illinois.

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Rockefeller Foundation

The Rockefeller Foundation is an American private foundation and philanthropic medical research and arts funding organization based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City.

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Roman College

The Roman College (Collegium Romanum, Collegio Romano) was a school established by St.

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Royal Academy of Italy

The Royal Academy of Italy (italic) was a short-lived Italian academy of the Fascist period. Enrico Fermi and Royal Academy of Italy are members of the Royal Academy of Italy.

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Rumford Prize

Founded in 1796, the Rumford Prize, awarded by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, is one of the oldest scientific prizes in the United States.

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S-1 Executive Committee

The S-1 Executive Committee laid the groundwork for the Manhattan Project by initiating and coordinating the early research efforts in the United States, and liaising with the Tube Alloys Project in Britain.

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Sam Treiman

Sam Bard Treiman (May 27, 1925 – November 30, 1999) was an American theoretical physicist who produced research in the fields of cosmic rays, quantum physics, plasma physics, and gravity physics.

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Samuel Goudsmit

Samuel Abraham Goudsmit (July 11, 1902 – December 4, 1978) was a Dutch-American physicist famous for jointly proposing the concept of electron spin with George Eugene Uhlenbeck in 1925. Enrico Fermi and Samuel Goudsmit are Manhattan Project people and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

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Samuel King Allison

Samuel King Allison (November 13, 1900 – September 15, 1965) was an American physicist, most notable for his role in the Manhattan Project, for which he was awarded the Medal for Merit. Enrico Fermi and Samuel King Allison are American nuclear physicists and Manhattan Project people.

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Santa Croce, Florence

The italics (Italian for 'Basilica of the Holy Cross') is a minor basilica and the principal Franciscan church of Florence, Italy.

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Sapienza University of Rome

The Sapienza University of Rome (Sapienza – Università di Roma), formally the Università degli Studi di Roma "La Sapienza", abbreviated simply as Sapienza ("wisdom"), is a public research university located in Rome, Italy.

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Sardinia

Sardinia (Sardegna; Sardigna) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, and one of the twenty regions of Italy.

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Scalar (physics)

Scalars (or scalar quantities) are physical quantities that are unaffected by changes to a vector space basis (i.e., a coordinate system transformation).

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Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa

The Scuola Normale Superiore in Pisa (commonly known in Italy as "la Normale") is a public university institution in Pisa and Florence, Tuscany, Italy, currently attended by about 600 undergraduate and postgraduate (PhD) students.

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Shoichi Sakata

was a Japanese physicist and Marxist who was internationally known for theoretical work on the subatomic particles.

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Silver

Silver is a chemical element; it has symbol Ag (derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂erǵ'')) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Solid-state physics

Solid-state physics is the study of rigid matter, or solids, through methods such as solid-state chemistry, quantum mechanics, crystallography, electromagnetism, and metallurgy.

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Speed of light

The speed of light in vacuum, commonly denoted, is a universal physical constant that is exactly equal to). According to the special theory of relativity, is the upper limit for the speed at which conventional matter or energy (and thus any signal carrying information) can travel through space.

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Spin–orbit interaction

In quantum physics, the spin–orbit interaction (also called spin–orbit effect or spin–orbit coupling) is a relativistic interaction of a particle's spin with its motion inside a potential.

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Spiral galaxy

Spiral galaxies form a class of galaxy originally described by Edwin Hubble in his 1936 work The Realm of the Nebulae (pp. 124–151) and, as such, form part of the Hubble sequence.

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Squash (sport)

Squash, sometimes called squash rackets, is a racket-and-ball sport played by two (singles) or four players (doubles) in a four-walled court with a small, hollow, rubber ball.

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Stagg Field

Amos Alonzo Stagg Field is the name of two successive football fields for the University of Chicago.

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Stanisław Ulam

Stanisław Marcin Ulam (13 April 1909 – 13 May 1984) was a Polish mathematician, nuclear physicist and computer scientist. Enrico Fermi and Stanisław Ulam are Manhattan Project people and monte Carlo methodologists.

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Statistical mechanics

In physics, statistical mechanics is a mathematical framework that applies statistical methods and probability theory to large assemblies of microscopic entities.

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Statistics

Statistics (from German: Statistik, "description of a state, a country") is the discipline that concerns the collection, organization, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of data.

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Stockholm

Stockholm is the capital and most populous city of the Kingdom of Sweden as well as the largest urban area in the Nordic countries.

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Stomach cancer

Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, is a cancer that develops from the lining of the stomach.

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Stone & Webster

Stone & Webster was an American engineering services company based in Stoughton, Massachusetts.

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Strontium-90

Strontium-90 is a radioactive isotope of strontium produced by nuclear fission, with a half-life of 28.8 years.

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Tensor

In mathematics, a tensor is an algebraic object that describes a multilinear relationship between sets of algebraic objects related to a vector space.

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Tensor calculus

In mathematics, tensor calculus, tensor analysis, or Ricci calculus is an extension of vector calculus to tensor fields (tensors that may vary over a manifold, e.g. in spacetime).

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Science of Nature

The Science of Nature, formerly Naturwissenschaften, is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media covering all aspects of the natural sciences relating to questions of biological significance.

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Theodor Reye

Karl Theodor Reye (born 20 June 1838 in Ritzebüttel, Germany and died 2 July 1919 in Würzburg, Germany) was a German mathematician.

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Theoretical physics

Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain, and predict natural phenomena.

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Thomas–Fermi model

The Thomas–Fermi (TF) model, named after Llewellyn Thomas and Enrico Fermi, is a quantum mechanical theory for the electronic structure of many-body systems developed semiclassically shortly after the introduction of the Schrödinger equation.

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Thomas–Fermi screening

Thomas–Fermi screening is a theoretical approach to calculate the effects of electric field screening by electrons in a solid.

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Thorium

Thorium is a chemical element.

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Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

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Transuranium element

The transuranium elements (also known as transuranic elements) are the chemical elements with atomic numbers greater than 92, which is the atomic number of uranium.

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Trinity (nuclear test)

Trinity was the code name of the first detonation of a nuclear weapon, conducted by the United States Army at 5:29 a.m. MWT (11:29:21 GMT) on July 16, 1945, as part of the Manhattan Project.

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Trino

Trino (Trin) is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Vercelli in the Italian region Piedmont, located about northeast of Turin and about southwest of Vercelli, at the foot of the Montferrat hills.

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Tritium

Tritium or hydrogen-3 (symbol T or H) is a rare and radioactive isotope of hydrogen with half-life ~12.3 years.

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Tsung-Dao Lee

Tsung-Dao Lee (born November 24, 1926) is a Chinese-American physicist, known for his work on parity violation, the Lee–Yang theorem, particle physics, relativistic heavy ion (RHIC) physics, nontopological solitons, and soliton stars. Enrico Fermi and Tsung-Dao Lee are Nobel laureates in Physics, Recipients of the Matteucci Medal and theoretical physicists.

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TWA Flight 891

TWA Flight 891 was a Lockheed L-1649A Starliner that crashed not long after taking off from Milan Malpensa Airport on 26 June 1959.All 68 passengers and crew on board were killed.

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United States Atomic Energy Commission

The United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) was an agency of the United States government established after World War II by the U.S. Congress to foster and control the peacetime development of atomic science and technology.

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United States Department of Energy

The United States Department of Energy (DOE) is an executive department of the U.S. federal government that oversees U.S. national energy policy and energy production, the research and development of nuclear power, the military's nuclear weapons program, nuclear reactor production for the United States Navy, energy-related research, and energy conservation.

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United States Department of Energy National Laboratories

The United States Department of Energy National Laboratories and Technology Centers is a system of laboratories overseen by the United States Department of Energy (DOE) for scientific and technological research.

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United States Department of the Navy

The United States Department of the Navy (DON) is one of the three military departments within the Department of Defense of the United States of America.

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University of Cagliari

The University of Cagliari (Università degli Studi di Cagliari) is a public research university in Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy. It was founded in 1606 and is organized in 11 faculties.

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University of Chicago

The University of Chicago (UChicago, Chicago, U of C, or UChi) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.

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University of Florence

The University of Florence (Italian: Università degli Studi di Firenze) (in acronym UNIFI) is an Italian public research university located in Florence, Italy.

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University of Göttingen

The University of Göttingen, officially the Georg August University of Göttingen, (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, commonly referred to as Georgia Augusta) is a distinguished public research university in the city of Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany.

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University of Nebraska Press

The University of Nebraska Press (UNP) was founded in 1941 and is an academic publisher of scholarly and general-interest books.

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Uranium

Uranium is a chemical element; it has symbol U and atomic number 92.

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Uranium oxide

Uranium oxide is an oxide of the element uranium.

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Via Panisperna boys

Via Panisperna boys (Italian: I ragazzi di Via Panisperna) is the name given to a group of young Italian scientists led by Enrico Fermi, who worked at the Royal Physics Institute of the University of Rome La Sapienza. Enrico Fermi and Via Panisperna boys are Italian nuclear physicists.

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Victor Weisskopf

Victor Frederick "Viki" Weisskopf (also spelled Viktor; September 19, 1908 – April 22, 2002) was an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist. Enrico Fermi and Victor Weisskopf are Manhattan Project people, presidents of the American Physical Society, quantum physicists and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

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Vito Volterra

Vito Volterra (3 May 1860 – 11 October 1940) was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to mathematical biology and integral equations, being one of the founders of functional analysis. Enrico Fermi and Vito Volterra are academic staff of the Sapienza University of Rome, Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Foreign Members of the Royal Society and university of Pisa alumni.

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Weak interaction

In nuclear physics and particle physics, the weak interaction, also called the weak force, is one of the four known fundamental interactions, with the others being electromagnetism, the strong interaction, and gravitation.

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Werner Heisenberg

Werner Karl Heisenberg (5 December 1901 – 1 February 1976) was a German theoretical physicist, one of the main pioneers of the theory of quantum mechanics, and a principal scientist in the Nazi nuclear weapons program during World War II. Enrico Fermi and Werner Heisenberg are academic staff of the University of Göttingen, Foreign Members of the Royal Society, Nobel laureates in Physics, Recipients of the Matteucci Medal and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

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Wet nurse

A wet nurse is a woman who breastfeeds and cares for another's child.

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Willis Lamb

Willis Eugene Lamb Jr. (July 12, 1913 – May 15, 2008) was an American physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1955 "for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum." The Nobel Committee that year awarded half the prize to Lamb and the other half to Polykarp Kusch, who won "for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron." Lamb was able to precisely determine a surprising shift in electron energies in a hydrogen atom (see Lamb shift). Enrico Fermi and Willis Lamb are Nobel laureates in Physics.

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Wolfgang Pauli

Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (25 April 1900 – 15 December 1958) was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics. Enrico Fermi and Wolfgang Pauli are academic staff of the University of Göttingen, Foreign Members of the Royal Society, Nobel laureates in Physics, quantum physicists, Recipients of Franklin Medal, Recipients of the Matteucci Medal, theoretical physicists, Thermodynamicists and winners of the Max Planck Medal.

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World government

World government is the concept of a single political authority with jurisdiction over all of Earth and humanity.

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World line

The world line (or worldline) of an object is the path that an object traces in 4-dimensional spacetime.

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World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.

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X-10 Graphite Reactor

The X-10 Graphite Reactor is a decommissioned nuclear reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee.

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X-ray crystallography

X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions.

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X-ray diffraction

X-ray diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of X-ray beams due to interactions with the electrons around atoms.

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Xenon-135

Xenon-135 (135Xe) is an unstable isotope of xenon with a half-life of about 9.2 hours.

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Yang Chen-Ning

Yang Chen-Ning or Chen-Ning Yang (born 1 October 1922), also known as C. N. Yang or by the English name Frank Yang, is a Chinese theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to statistical mechanics, integrable systems, gauge theory, and both particle physics and condensed matter physics. Enrico Fermi and Yang Chen-Ning are American agnostics, Foreign Members of the Royal Society, Nobel laureates in Physics and theoretical physicists.

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Zanichelli

Zanichelli editore S.p.A. is an Italian publishing company founded in Modena, Italy, in 1859.

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See also

20th-century Italian inventors

Italian Nobel laureates

Italian agnostics

Italian nuclear physicists

Members of the Royal Academy of Italy

Monte Carlo methodologists

People of Emilian descent

Scientists from Rome

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrico_Fermi

Also known as Dr Enrico Fermi, Dr Fermi, Dr. Enrico Fermi, Dr. Fermi, Enrico Fermi Nobel Prize, EnricoFermi, Fermi, Fermi, Enrico.

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