Table of Contents
273 relations: Aegialornis, Africa, Alaska, Alkenone, Alps, American Journal of Science, Amphicyonidae, Ancient Greek, Ancona, Andrewsarchus, Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Antarctic ice sheet, Antarctica, Archaeospheniscus, Archipelago, Arctic, Arctic Ocean, Arecaceae, Argentina, Arsinoitherium, Artiodactyl, Asia, Atlantic Ocean, Atmosphere of Earth, Atmospheric methane, Australia, Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences, Axial tilt, Azolla, Azolla event, Balkanatolia, Baltic amber, Baltic Sea, Bartonian, Basilosaurus, Basin and Range Province, Bat, Bibionidae, Bioindicator, Bird, Bolca, Bolide, Borealosuchus, Bouldnor Formation, Brain size, Brontotheriidae, Carbon dioxide, Carbon sequestration, Carbon-12, Carbon-13, ... Expand index (223 more) »
- Geological epochs
- Paleogene geochronology
Aegialornis
Aegialornis is a genus of prehistoric apodiform birds.
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
Alaska
Alaska is a non-contiguous U.S. state on the northwest extremity of North America.
Alkenone
Alkenones are long-chain unsaturated methyl and ethyl n-ketones produced by a few phytoplankton species of the class Prymnesiophyceae.
Alps
The Alps are one of the highest and most extensive mountain ranges in Europe, stretching approximately across eight Alpine countries (from west to east): Monaco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Germany, Austria and Slovenia.
See Eocene and Alps
American Journal of Science
The American Journal of Science (AJS) is the United States of America's longest-running scientific journal, having been published continuously since its conception in 1818 by Professor Benjamin Silliman, who edited and financed it himself.
See Eocene and American Journal of Science
Amphicyonidae
Amphicyonidae is an extinct family of terrestrial carnivorans belonging to the suborder Caniformia.
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
Ancona
Ancona (also) is a city and a seaport in the Marche region of Central Italy, with a population of around 101,997.
Andrewsarchus
Andrewsarchus is an extinct genus of ungulate that lived during the Middle Eocene in China.
Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is an ocean current that flows clockwise (as seen from the South Pole) from west to east around Antarctica.
See Eocene and Antarctic Circumpolar Current
Antarctic ice sheet
The Antarctic ice sheet is a continental glacier covering 98% of the Antarctic continent, with an area of and an average thickness of over.
See Eocene and Antarctic ice sheet
Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent.
Archaeospheniscus
Archaeospheniscus is an extinct genus of large penguins.
See Eocene and Archaeospheniscus
Archipelago
An archipelago, sometimes called an island group or island chain, is a chain, cluster, or collection of islands, or sometimes a sea containing a small number of scattered islands.
Arctic
The Arctic is a polar region located at the northernmost part of Earth.
Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five oceanic divisions.
Arecaceae
The Arecaceae is a family of perennial, flowering plants in the monocot order Arecales.
Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.
Arsinoitherium
Arsinoitherium is an extinct genus of paenungulate mammals belonging to the extinct order Embrithopoda.
Artiodactyl
Artiodactyls are placental mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla. Typically, they are ungulates which bear weight equally on two (an even number) of their five toes (the third and fourth, often in the form of a hoof).
Asia
Asia is the largest continent in the world by both land area and population.
See Eocene and Asia
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.
Atmosphere of Earth
The atmosphere of Earth is composed of a layer of gas mixture that surrounds the Earth's planetary surface (both lands and oceans), known collectively as air, with variable quantities of suspended aerosols and particulates (which create weather features such as clouds and hazes), all retained by Earth's gravity.
See Eocene and Atmosphere of Earth
Atmospheric methane
Atmospheric methane is the methane present in Earth's atmosphere.
See Eocene and Atmospheric methane
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences
Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences is a peer-reviewed open access scholarly journal publishing original scientific contributions covering a wide spectrum of earth science topics, mainly focusing on Alpine geology and the geology of Central Europe and Alpine orogens.
See Eocene and Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences
Axial tilt
In astronomy, axial tilt, also known as obliquity, is the angle between an object's rotational axis and its orbital axis, which is the line perpendicular to its orbital plane; equivalently, it is the angle between its equatorial plane and orbital plane.
Azolla
Azolla (mosquito fern, duckweed fern, fairy moss, water fern) is a genus of seven species of aquatic ferns in the family Salviniaceae.
Azolla event
The Azolla event is a paleoclimatology scenario hypothesized to have occurred in the middle Eocene epoch, around, when blooms of the carbon-fixing freshwater fern Azolla are thought to have happened in the Arctic Ocean.
Balkanatolia
For some 10 million years until the end of the Eocene, Balkanatolia was an island continent or a series of islands, separate from Asia and also from Western Europe.
Baltic amber
Baltic amber or succinite Is amber from the Baltic region, home of its largest known deposits.
Baltic Sea
The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean that is enclosed by Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and the North and Central European Plain.
Bartonian
The Bartonian is, in the International Commission on Stratigraphy's (ICS) geologic time scale, a stage or age in the middle of the Eocene Epoch or Series.
Basilosaurus
Basilosaurus (meaning "king lizard") is a genus of large, predatory, prehistoric archaeocete whale from the late Eocene, approximately 41.3 to 33.9 million years ago (mya).
Basin and Range Province
The Basin and Range Province is a vast physiographic region covering much of the inland Western United States and northwestern Mexico.
See Eocene and Basin and Range Province
Bat
Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera.
See Eocene and Bat
Bibionidae
Bibionidae (March flies) is a family of flies (Diptera) containing approximately 650–700 species worldwide.
Bioindicator
A bioindicator is any species (an indicator species) or group of species whose function, population, or status can reveal the qualitative status of the environment.
Bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
See Eocene and Bird
Bolca
Bolca is a village in the Veneto, on the southern margin of the Italian Alps.
See Eocene and Bolca
Bolide
A bolide is normally taken to mean an exceptionally bright meteor, but the term is subject to more than one definition, according to context.
Borealosuchus
Borealosuchus (meaning "boreal crocodile") is an extinct genus of crocodyliforms that lived from the Late Cretaceous to the Eocene in North America.
Bouldnor Formation
The Bouldnor Formation is a geological formation in the Hampshire Basin of southern England.
See Eocene and Bouldnor Formation
Brain size
The size of the brain is a frequent topic of study within the fields of anatomy, biological anthropology, animal science and evolution.
Brontotheriidae
Brontotheriidae is a family of extinct mammals belonging to the order Perissodactyla, the order that includes horses, rhinoceroses, and tapirs.
See Eocene and Brontotheriidae
Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula.
Carbon sequestration
Carbon sequestration is the process of storing carbon in a carbon pool.
See Eocene and Carbon sequestration
Carbon-12
Carbon-12 (12C) is the most abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 being the other), amounting to 98.93% of element carbon on Earth; its abundance is due to the triple-alpha process by which it is created in stars.
Carbon-13
Carbon-13 (13C) is a natural, stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing six protons and seven neutrons.
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history.
Cetacea
Cetacea is an infraorder of aquatic mammals belonging to the order Artiodactyla that includes whales, dolphins and porpoises.
Charles Lyell
Sir Charles Lyell, 1st Baronet, (14 November 1797 – 22 February 1875) was a Scottish geologist who demonstrated the power of known natural causes in explaining the earth's history.
Chesapeake Bay impact crater
The Chesapeake Bay impact crater is a buried impact crater, located beneath the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, United States.
See Eocene and Chesapeake Bay impact crater
Chubut Province
Chubut (Provincia del Chubut,; Talaith Chubut) is a province in southern Argentina, situated between the 42nd parallel south (the border with Río Negro Province), the 46th parallel south (bordering Santa Cruz Province), the Andes range to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east.
See Eocene and Chubut Province
Climate of the Past
Climate of the Past is an open-access peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing research within Earth science.
See Eocene and Climate of the Past
Clumped isotopes
Clumped isotopes are heavy isotopes that are bonded to other heavy isotopes.
See Eocene and Clumped isotopes
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams.
See Eocene and Coal
Continent
A continent is any of several large geographical regions.
Coryphodon
Coryphodon (from Greek κορῦφὴ, "point", and ὀδοὺς, "tooth", meaning peaked tooth, referring to "the development of the angles of the ridges into points.") is an extinct genus of pantodonts of the family Coryphodontidae.
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
The Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) extinction event, also known as the Cretaceous–Tertiary extinction, was the mass extinction of three-quarters of the plant and animal species on Earth approximately 66 million years ago.
See Eocene and Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Crocodile
Crocodiles (family Crocodylidae) or true crocodiles are large semiaquatic reptiles that live throughout the tropics in Africa, Asia, the Americas and Australia.
Cupressaceae
Cupressaceae is a conifer family, the cypress, with worldwide distribution.
Daphoenus
Daphoenus is an extinct genus of amphicyonids.
Deciduous
In the fields of horticulture and botany, the term deciduous means "falling off at maturity" and "tending to fall off", in reference to trees and shrubs that seasonally shed leaves, usually in the autumn; to the shedding of petals, after flowering; and to the shedding of ripe fruit.
Decomposition
Decomposition or rot is the process by which dead organic substances are broken down into simpler organic or inorganic matter such as carbon dioxide, water, simple sugars and mineral salts.
Denmark
Denmark (Danmark) is a Nordic country in the south-central portion of Northern Europe.
Dinictis
Dinictis is a genus of the Nimravidae, an extinct family of feliform mammalian carnivores, also known as "false saber-toothed cats".
Dinocyst
Dinocysts or dinoflagellate cysts are typically 15 to 100 μm in diameter and produced by dinoflagellates as a dormant, zygotic stage of their lifecycle, which can accumulate in the sediments as microfossils.
Drake Passage
The Drake Passage is the body of water between South America's Cape Horn, Chile, Argentina, and the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica.
Dugong
The dugong (Dugong dugon) is a marine mammal.
Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Earth and Planetary Science Letters (EPSL) is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on physical, chemical and mechanical processes of the Earth and other planets, including extrasolar ones.
See Eocene and Earth and Planetary Science Letters
Earth-Science Reviews
Earth-Science Reviews is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier.
See Eocene and Earth-Science Reviews
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
See Eocene and Egypt
Eleutherornis
Eleutherornis cotei is an extinct flightless predatory cariamiform bird which lived during the Middle Eocene of France and Switzerland.
Ellesmere Island
Ellesmere Island (lit; île d'Ellesmere) is Canada's northernmost and third largest island, and the tenth largest in the world.
See Eocene and Ellesmere Island
Entelodontidae
Entelodontidae is an extinct family of pig-like artiodactyls (even-toed ungulates) which inhabited the Northern Hemisphere (Asia, Europe, and North America) from the late Eocene to the early Miocene epochs, about 38-19 million years ago.
Eocene Thermal Maximum 2
Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 (ETM-2), also called H-1 or Elmo (Eocene Layer of Mysterious Origin), was a transient period of global warming that occurred around 54 Ma.
See Eocene and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2
Eocene–Oligocene extinction event
The Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, also called the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT) or Grande Coupure (French for "great cut"), is the transition between the end of the Eocene and the beginning of the Oligocene, an extinction event and faunal turnover occurring between 33.9 and 33.4 million years ago.
See Eocene and Eocene–Oligocene extinction event
Eohippus
Eohippus is an extinct genus of small equid ungulates.
Eos
In ancient Greek mythology and religion, Eos (Ionic and Homeric Greek Ἠώς Ēṓs, Attic Ἕως Héōs, "dawn", or; Aeolic Αὔως Aúōs, Doric Ἀώς Āṓs) is the goddess and personification of the dawn, who rose each morning from her home at the edge of the river Oceanus to deliver light and disperse the night.
See Eocene and Eos
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus is a genus of more than 700 species of flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae.
Eurasia
Eurasia is the largest continental area on Earth, comprising all of Europe and Asia.
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Euryhaline
Euryhaline organisms are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities.
Evergreen
In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional throughout the year.
Evolution of the brain
There is much to be discovered about the evolution of the brain and the principles that govern it.
See Eocene and Evolution of the brain
Extinction event
An extinction event (also known as a mass extinction or biotic crisis) is a widespread and rapid decrease in the biodiversity on Earth.
See Eocene and Extinction event
Fauna
Fauna (faunae or faunas) is all of the animal life present in a particular region or time.
See Eocene and Fauna
Feliformia
Feliformia is a suborder within the order Carnivora consisting of "cat-like" carnivorans, including cats (large and small), hyenas, mongooses, viverrids, and related taxa.
Fish
A fish (fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits.
See Eocene and Fish
Flora
Flora (floras or florae) is all the plant life present in a particular region or time, generally the naturally occurring (indigenous) native plants. The corresponding term for animals is fauna, and for fungi, it is funga.
See Eocene and Flora
Fold (geology)
In structural geology, a fold is a stack of originally planar surfaces, such as sedimentary strata, that are bent or curved ("folded") during permanent deformation.
Foraminifera
Foraminifera (Latin for "hole bearers"; informally called "forams") are single-celled organisms, members of a phylum or class of Rhizarian protists characterized by streaming granular ectoplasm for catching food and other uses; and commonly an external shell (called a "test") of diverse forms and materials.
Fossil
A fossil (from Classical Latin) is any preserved remains, impression, or trace of any once-living thing from a past geological age.
Frontiers Media
Frontiers Media SA is a publisher of peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journals currently active in science, technology, and medicine.
See Eocene and Frontiers Media
Fur Formation
The Fur Formation is a marine geological formation of Ypresian (Lower Eocene Epoch, c. 56.0-54.5 Ma) age which crops out in the Limfjord region of northern Denmark from Silstrup via Mors and Fur to Ertebølle, and can be seen in many cliffs and quarries in the area.
Galliformes
Galliformes is an order of heavy-bodied ground-feeding birds that includes turkeys, chickens, quail, and other landfowl.
Gallinuloides
Gallinuloides is a prehistoric genus of primitive galliform bird.
Gastornis
Gastornis is an extinct genus of large, flightless birds that lived during the mid-Paleocene to mid-Eocene epochs of the Paleogene period.
Geobiology (journal)
Geobiology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of geobiology published by Wiley-Blackwell.
See Eocene and Geobiology (journal)
Geologic time scale
The geologic time scale or geological time scale (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth.
See Eocene and Geologic time scale
Geological history of oxygen
Before photosynthesis evolved, Earth's atmosphere had no free diatomic oxygen (O2).
See Eocene and Geological history of oxygen
Geological Society of America
The Geological Society of America (GSA) is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the advancement of the geosciences.
See Eocene and Geological Society of America
Geological Society of America Bulletin
The Geological Society of America Bulletin (until 1960 called The Bulletin of the Geological Society of America and also commonly referred to as GSA Bulletin) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that has been published by the Geological Society of America since 1890.
See Eocene and Geological Society of America Bulletin
Geology (journal)
Geology is a peer-reviewed publication of the Geological Society of America (GSA).
See Eocene and Geology (journal)
Geophysical Research Letters
Geophysical Research Letters is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal of geoscience published by the American Geophysical Union that was established in 1974.
See Eocene and Geophysical Research Letters
Gigantornis
Gigantornis eaglesomei is a very large prehistoric bird described from a fragmentary specimen from the Eocene of Nigeria.
Global and Planetary Change
Global and Planetary Change is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research into the earth sciences, particularly pertaining to changes in aspects thereof such as sea level and the chemical composition of the atmosphere.
See Eocene and Global and Planetary Change
Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
A Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), sometimes referred to as a golden spike, is an internationally agreed upon reference point on a stratigraphic section which defines the lower boundary of a stage on the geologic time scale.
See Eocene and Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point
Global warming potential
Global warming potential (GWP) is an index to measure how much infrared thermal radiation a greenhouse gas would absorb over a given time frame after it has been added to the atmosphere (or emitted to the atmosphere).
See Eocene and Global warming potential
Green River Formation
The Green River Formation is an Eocene geologic formation that records the sedimentation in a group of intermountain lakes in three basins along the present-day Green River in Colorado, Wyoming, and Utah.
See Eocene and Green River Formation
Greenhouse effect
The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases in a planet's atmosphere insulate the planet from losing heat to space, raising its surface temperature.
See Eocene and Greenhouse effect
Greenland
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat,; Grønland) is a North American island autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark.
Gregory Retallack
Gregory John Retallack (born 8 November 1951) is an Australian paleontologist, geologist, and author who specializes in the study of fossil soils (paleopedology).
See Eocene and Gregory Retallack
Halcyornithidae
Halcyornithidae is an extinct family of telluravian birds thought to be related to the Psittaciformes (parrots), Passeriformes (songbirds), and to the extinct Messelasturidae.
See Eocene and Halcyornithidae
Hand
A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered appendage located at the end of the forearm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs.
See Eocene and Hand
Hantkenina
Hantkenina is a genus of planktonic foraminifera that lived from the Middle Eocene up to late Eocene, circa 49 Ma-33.9 Ma.
Hesperocyon
Hesperocyon is an extinct genus of canids (subfamily Hesperocyoninae, family Canidae) that was endemic to North America, ranging from southern Canada to Colorado.
Heterotroph
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.
Himalayas
The Himalayas, or Himalaya.
Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago. Eocene and Holocene are geological epochs.
Horse
The horse (Equus ferus caballus) is a domesticated, one-toed, hoofed mammal.
See Eocene and Horse
Hyaenodon
Hyaenodon ("hyena-tooth") is an extinct genus of carnivorous placental mammals from extinct tribe Hyaenodontini within extinct subfamily Hyaenodontinae (in extinct family Hyaenodontidae),Malcolm C. McKenna, Susan K. Bell (1997).
Hyracodon
Hyracodon ('hyrax tooth') is an extinct genus of perissodactyl mammal.
Hyracotherium
Hyracotherium ("hyrax-like beast") is an extinct genus of very small (about 60 cm in length) perissodactyl ungulates that was found in the London Clay formation.
Ibis
The ibis (collective plural ibises; classical plurals ibides and ibes) are a group of long-legged wading birds in the family Threskiornithidae that inhabit wetlands, forests and plains.
See Eocene and Ibis
Ice floe
An ice floe is a large pack of floating ice often defined as a flat piece at least 20 m across at its widest point, and up to more than 10 km across.
India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
See Eocene and India
Indian Plate
The Indian Plate (or India Plate) is a minor tectonic plate straddling the equator in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Inkayacu
Inkayacu is a genus of extinct penguins.
Insular dwarfism
Insular dwarfism, a form of phyletic dwarfism, is the process and condition of large animals evolving or having a reduced body size when their population's range is limited to a small environment, primarily islands.
See Eocene and Insular dwarfism
International Commission on Stratigraphy
The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), sometimes unofficially referred to as the "International Stratigraphic Commission", is a daughter or major subcommittee grade scientific daughter organization that concerns itself with stratigraphical, geological, and geochronological matters on a global scale.
See Eocene and International Commission on Stratigraphy
International Geology Review
International Geology Review is a peer-reviewed geoscientific publication dedicated to publishing original and timely research papers as well as in-depth scholarly reviews dealing with a wide range of topics related to the Earth sciences.
See Eocene and International Geology Review
Isle of Wight
The Isle of Wight (/waɪt/ ''WYTE'') is an island, English county and unitary authority in the English Channel, off the coast of Hampshire, across the Solent.
Isotopes of carbon
Carbon (6C) has 14 known isotopes, from to as well as, of which and are stable.
See Eocene and Isotopes of carbon
Isotopes of oxygen
There are three known stable isotopes of oxygen (8O): 16, 17, and 18.
See Eocene and Isotopes of oxygen
Italy
Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a country in Southern and Western Europe.
See Eocene and Italy
Δ13C
In geochemistry, paleoclimatology, and paleoceanography δ13C (pronounced "delta c thirteen") is an isotopic signature, a measure of the ratio of the two stable isotopes of carbon—13C and 12C—reported in parts per thousand (per mil, ‰).
See Eocene and Δ13C
Jack A. Wolfe
Jack Albert Wolfe (1936–2005) was a United States Geological Survey paleobotanist and paleoclimatologist best known for his studies of Tertiary climate in western North America through analysis of fossil angiosperm leaves.
John Phillips (geologist)
John Phillips FRS (25 December 1800 – 24 April 1874) was an English geologist.
See Eocene and John Phillips (geologist)
Journal of South American Earth Sciences
The Journal of South American Earth Sciences is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier.
See Eocene and Journal of South American Earth Sciences
Journal of the Geological Society
The Journal of the Geological Society is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Geological Society of London.
See Eocene and Journal of the Geological Society
King County, Washington
King County is a county located in the U.S. state of Washington.
See Eocene and King County, Washington
Lagerstätte
A Fossil-Lagerstätte (from Lager 'storage, lair' Stätte 'place'; plural Lagerstätten) is a sedimentary deposit that exhibits extraordinary fossils with exceptional preservation—sometimes including preserved soft tissues.
Lake
A lake is an often naturally occurring, relatively large and fixed body of water on or near the Earth's surface.
See Eocene and Lake
Laramide orogeny
The Laramide orogeny was a time period of mountain building in western North America, which started in the Late Cretaceous, 80 to 70 million years ago, and ended 55 to 35 million years ago.
See Eocene and Laramide orogeny
Laurasia
Laurasia was the more northern of two large landmasses that formed part of the Pangaea supercontinent from around (Mya), the other being Gondwana.
Leg
A leg is a weight-bearing and locomotive anatomical structure, usually having a columnar shape.
See Eocene and Leg
Leptictidium
Leptictidium is an extinct genus of small mammals that were likely bipedal.
List of fossil sites
This list of fossil sites is a worldwide list of localities known well for the presence of fossils.
See Eocene and List of fossil sites
London Clay
The London Clay Formation is a marine geological formation of Ypresian (early Eocene Epoch, c. 54-50 million years ago) age which crops out in the southeast of England.
Lutetian
The Lutetian is, in the geologic timescale, a stage or age in the Eocene.
Luxor
Luxor (lit) is a city in Upper Egypt, which includes the site of the Ancient Egyptian city of Thebes.
See Eocene and Luxor
Manatee
Manatees (family Trichechidae, genus Trichechus) are large, fully aquatic, mostly herbivorous marine mammals sometimes known as sea cows.
Masillaraptor
Masillaraptor is an extinct genus of masillaraptorid, a group of primitive falconiforms, from the Middle Eocene Messel Pit, Germany.
Massignano
Massignano is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ascoli Piceno in the Italian region Marche, located about southeast of Ancona and about northeast of Ascoli Piceno.
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Eocene and Mediterranean Sea
Megacerops
Megacerops ("large-horned face", from méga- "large" + kéras "horn" + ōps "face") is an extinct genus of the prehistoric odd-toed ungulate (hoofed mammal) family Brontotheriidae, an extinct group of rhinoceros-like browsers related to horses.
Mesonyx
Mesonyx ("middle claw") is a genus of extinct mesonychid mesonychian mammal.
Messel pit
The Messel pit (Grube Messel) is a disused quarry near the village of Messel (Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg, Hesse) about southeast of Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Messelasturidae
Messelasturidae is an extinct family of birds known from the Eocene of North America and Europe.
See Eocene and Messelasturidae
Metasequoia
Metasequoia, or dawn redwood, is a genus of fast-growing coniferous trees, one of three species of conifers known as redwoods.
Methane
Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms).
Methane clathrate
Methane clathrate (CH4·5.75H2O) or (4CH4·23H2O), also called methane hydrate, hydromethane, methane ice, fire ice, natural gas hydrate, or gas hydrate, is a solid clathrate compound (more specifically, a clathrate hydrate) in which a large amount of methane is trapped within a crystal structure of water, forming a solid similar to ice.
See Eocene and Methane clathrate
Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO), also called the Middle Eocene Thermal Maximum (METM), was a period of very warm climate that occurred during the Bartonian, from around 40.5 to 40.0 Ma.
See Eocene and Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum
Miocene
The Miocene is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). Eocene and Miocene are geological epochs.
Moeritherium
Moeritherium ("the beast from Lake Moeris") is an extinct genus of basal proboscideans from the Eocene of North and West Africa.
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of evolutionary biology and phylogenetics.
See Eocene and Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
Moritz Hoernes
Moritz Hörnes (14 July 1815 – 4 November 1868) was an Austrian palaeontologist.
Mountain formation
Mountain formation refers to the geological processes that underlie the formation of mountains.
See Eocene and Mountain formation
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
See Eocene and Nature (journal)
Nature Communications
Nature Communications is a peer-reviewed, open access, scientific journal published by Nature Portfolio since 2010.
See Eocene and Nature Communications
Nature Geoscience
Nature Geoscience is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Nature Publishing Group.
See Eocene and Nature Geoscience
Neogene
The Neogene is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period million years ago.
New York City
New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.
Nimravidae
Nimravidae is an extinct family of carnivorans, sometimes known as false saber-toothed cats, whose fossils are found in North America and Eurasia.
North America
North America is a continent in the Northern and Western Hemispheres.
Northern Europe
The northern region of Europe has several definitions.
See Eocene and Northern Europe
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's ocean.
See Eocene and Ocean acidification
Ocean gyre
In oceanography, a gyre is any large system of circulating ocean surface currents, particularly those involved with large wind movements.
Oligocene
The Oligocene is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present (to). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the exact dates of the start and end of the epoch are slightly uncertain. Eocene and Oligocene are geological epochs and Paleogene geochronology.
Online Etymology Dictionary
The Online Etymology Dictionary or Etymonline, sometimes abbreviated as OED (not to be confused with the Oxford English Dictionary, which the site often cites), is a free online dictionary that describes the origins of English words, written and compiled by Douglas R. Harper.
See Eocene and Online Etymology Dictionary
Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean
The opening of the North Atlantic Ocean is a geological event that has occurred over millions of years, during which the supercontinent Pangea broke up.
See Eocene and Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean
Orbital eccentricity
In astrodynamics, the orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a dimensionless parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle.
See Eocene and Orbital eccentricity
Pakicetus
Pakicetus is an extinct genus of amphibious cetacean of the family Pakicetidae, which was endemic to Pakistan during the Ypresian (early Eocene) period, roughly 50 million years ago.
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology ("Palaeo3") is a peer-reviewed scientific journal publishing multidisciplinary studies and comprehensive reviews in the field of palaeoenvironmental geology.
See Eocene and Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the American Geophysical Union.
See Eocene and Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology
Paleocene
The Paleocene, or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya). Eocene and Paleocene are geological epochs and Paleogene geochronology.
Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
The Paleocene–Eocene thermal maximum (PETM), alternatively ”Eocene thermal maximum 1 (ETM1)“ and formerly known as the "Initial Eocene" or “Late Paleocene thermal maximum", was a geologically brief time interval characterized by a 5–8 °C global average temperature rise and massive input of carbon into the ocean and atmosphere.
See Eocene and Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum
Paleogene
The Paleogene Period (also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene) is a geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period Ma (million years ago) to the beginning of the Neogene Period Ma.
Paris Basin
The Paris Basin (Bassin parisien) is one of the major geological regions of France.
Parrot
Parrots (Psittaciformes), also known as psittacines, are birds with a strong curved beak, upright stance, and clawed feet.
Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.
See Eocene and Parts-per notation
Patagonia
Patagonia is a geographical region that encompasses the southern end of South America, governed by Argentina and Chile.
PeerJ
PeerJ is an open access peer-reviewed scientific mega journal covering research in the biological and medical sciences.
See Eocene and PeerJ
Pelagic zone
The pelagic zone consists of the water column of the open ocean and can be further divided into regions by depth.
Pelagornithidae
The Pelagornithidae, commonly called pelagornithids, pseudodontorns, bony-toothed birds, false-toothed birds or pseudotooth birds, are a prehistoric family of large seabirds.
See Eocene and Pelagornithidae
Peratherium
Peratherium is a genus of metatherian mammals in the family Herpetotheriidae that lived in Europe and Africa from the Early Eocene to the Early Miocene.
Perissodactyla
Perissodactyla is an order of ungulates.
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
Plain
In geography, a plain, commonly known as flatland, is a flat expanse of land that generally does not change much in elevation, and is primarily treeless.
See Eocene and Plain
Plate tectonics
Plate tectonics is the scientific theory that Earth's lithosphere comprises a number of large tectonic plates, which have been slowly moving since 3–4 billion years ago.
See Eocene and Plate tectonics
Plecia
Plecia is a genus of March flies (Bibionidae) comprising many species, both extant and fossilised.
Pliocene
The Pliocene (also Pleiocene) is the epoch in the geologic time scale that extends from 5.333 million to 2.58 million years ago. Eocene and Pliocene are geological epochs.
PLOS One
PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.
Poaceae
Poaceae, also called Gramineae, is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of monocotyledonous flowering plants commonly known as grasses.
Polar regions of Earth
The polar regions, also called the frigid zones or polar zones, of Earth are Earth's polar ice caps, the regions of the planet that surround its geographical poles (the North and South Poles), lying within the polar circles.
See Eocene and Polar regions of Earth
Polar stratospheric cloud
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are clouds in the winter polar stratosphere at altitudes of.
See Eocene and Polar stratospheric cloud
Popigai impact structure
The Popigai impact structure is the eroded remnant of an impact crater in northern Siberia, Russia.
See Eocene and Popigai impact structure
Precession
Precession is a change in the orientation of the rotational axis of a rotating body.
Priabonian
The Priabonian is, in the ICS's geologic timescale, the latest age or the upper stage of the Eocene Epoch or Series.
Primary production
In ecology, primary production is the synthesis of organic compounds from atmospheric or aqueous carbon dioxide.
See Eocene and Primary production
Primate
Primates is an order of mammals, which is further divided into the strepsirrhines, which include lemurs, galagos, and lorisids; and the haplorhines, which include tarsiers; and the simians, which include monkeys and apes.
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Eocene and Princeton University Press
Proboscidea
Proboscidea is a taxonomic order of afrotherian mammals containing one living family (Elephantidae) and several extinct families.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.
See Eocene and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the Royal Society
Proceedings of the Royal Society is the main research journal of the Royal Society.
See Eocene and Proceedings of the Royal Society
Proxy (climate)
In the study of past climates ("paleoclimatology"), climate proxies are preserved physical characteristics of the past that stand in for direct meteorological measurements and enable scientists to reconstruct the climatic conditions over a longer fraction of the Earth's history.
See Eocene and Proxy (climate)
Prydz Bay
Prydz Bay is a deep embayment of Antarctica between the Lars Christensen Coast and Ingrid Christensen Coast.
Pseudocrypturus
Pseudocrypturus is a genus of extinct paleognathous bird.
See Eocene and Pseudocrypturus
Puget Group
The Puget Group is a geologic group in Washington (state).
Pythonidae
The Pythonidae, commonly known as pythons, are a family of nonvenomous snakes found in Africa, Asia, and Australia.
Rail (bird)
Rails (avian family Rallidae) are a large, cosmopolitan family of small- to medium-sized terrestrial and/or semi-amphibious birds.
Rainforest
Rainforests are forests characterized by a closed and continuous tree canopy, moisture-dependent vegetation, the presence of epiphytes and lianas and the absence of wildfire.
Rhynchaeites
Rhynchaeites is an extinct genus of Threskiornithidae related to modern ibises and has a single named species Rhynchaeites meselensis.
River
A river is a natural flowing freshwater stream, flowing on land or inside caves towards another body of water at a lower elevation, such as an ocean, lake, or another river.
See Eocene and River
Rock (geology)
In geology, rock (or stone) is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter.
Rodent
Rodents (from Latin rodere, 'to gnaw') are mammals of the order Rodentia, which are characterized by a single pair of continuously growing incisors in each of the upper and lower jaws.
Savanna
A savanna or savannah is a mixed woodland-grassland (i.e. grassy woodland) biome and ecosystem characterised by the trees being sufficiently widely spaced so that the canopy does not close.
Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
See Eocene and Science (journal)
Science News
Science News (SN) is an American bi-weekly magazine devoted to articles about new scientific and technical developments, typically gleaned from recent scientific and technical journals.
Scientific Reports
Scientific Reports is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific mega journal published by Nature Portfolio, covering all areas of the natural sciences.
See Eocene and Scientific Reports
Sea surface temperature
Sea surface temperature (or ocean surface temperature) is the temperature of ocean water close to the surface.
See Eocene and Sea surface temperature
Seafloor spreading
Seafloor spreading, or seafloor spread, is a process that occurs at mid-ocean ridges, where new oceanic crust is formed through volcanic activity and then gradually moves away from the ridge.
See Eocene and Seafloor spreading
Season
A season is a division of the year based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region.
Sirenia
The Sirenia, commonly referred to as sea cows or sirenians, are an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit swamps, rivers, estuaries, marine wetlands, and coastal marine waters.
Snake
Snakes are elongated, limbless reptiles of the suborder Serpentes.
See Eocene and Snake
Songzia
Songzia is an extinct genus of gruiform bird related to rails.
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
South Asia
South Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms.
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia is the geographical southeastern region of Asia, consisting of the regions that are situated south of China, east of the Indian subcontinent, and northwest of the Australian mainland, which is part of Oceania.
Southeastern United States
The Southeastern United States, also referred to as the American Southeast, the Southeast, or the South, is a geographical region of the United States located in the eastern portion of the Southern United States and the southern portion of the Eastern United States.
See Eocene and Southeastern United States
Southern Ocean
The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the world ocean, generally taken to be south of 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica.
Stratum
In geology and related fields, a stratum (strata) is a layer of rock or sediment characterized by certain lithologic properties or attributes that distinguish it from adjacent layers from which it is separated by visible surfaces known as either bedding surfaces or bedding planes.
Subtropics
The subtropical zones or subtropics are geographical and climate zones to the north and south of the tropics.
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid (Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, and hydrogen, with the molecular formula.
Supercontinent
In geology, a supercontinent is the assembly of most or all of Earth's continental blocks or cratons to form a single large landmass.
Swamp
A swamp is a forested wetland.
See Eocene and Swamp
Systematic Entomology
Systematic Entomology is a scientific journal covering the field of systematic entomology, published by the Royal Entomological Society of London.
See Eocene and Systematic Entomology
Taiga
Taiga (p), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches.
See Eocene and Taiga
Tectonics (journal)
Tectonics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of geology focusing on tectonics.
See Eocene and Tectonics (journal)
Tethys Ocean
The Tethys Ocean (Τηθύς), also called the Tethys Sea or the Neo-Tethys, was a prehistoric ocean during much of the Mesozoic Era and early-mid Cenozoic Era.
TEX86
TEX86 is an organic paleothermometer based upon the membrane lipids of mesophilic marine Nitrososphaerota (formerly "Thaumarchaeota", "Marine Group 1 Crenarchaeota").
See Eocene and TEX86
The Journal of Geology
The Journal of Geology publishes research on geology, geophysics, geochemistry, sedimentology, geomorphology, petrology, plate tectonics, volcanology, structural geology, mineralogy, and planetary sciences.
See Eocene and The Journal of Geology
Tooth
A tooth (teeth) is a hard, calcified structure found in the jaws (or mouths) of many vertebrates and used to break down food.
See Eocene and Tooth
Tritemnodon
Tritemnodon ("three cutting teeth") was an extinct genus of placental mammals from extinct order Hyaenodonta, that lived in North America during the early Eocene.
Tropical rainforest
Tropical rainforests are dense and warm rainforests with high rainfall typically found between 10° north and south of the Equator.
See Eocene and Tropical rainforest
Tundra
In physical geography, tundra is a type of biome where tree growth is hindered by frigid temperatures and short growing seasons.
Turtle
Turtles are reptiles of the order Testudines, characterized by a special shell developed mainly from their ribs.
Uintan
The Uintan North American Stage on the geologic timescale is the North American faunal stage according to the North American Land Mammal Ages chronology (NALMA), typically set from 46,200,000 to 42,000,000 years BP lasting.
Uintatherium
Uintatherium ("Beast of the Uinta Mountains") is an extinct genus of herbivorous dinoceratan mammal that lived during the Eocene epoch.
Umbria
Umbria is a region of central Italy.
Ungulate
Ungulates are members of the diverse clade Euungulata ("true ungulates"), which primarily consists of large mammals with hooves.
Upwelling
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water from deep water towards the ocean surface.
Volcanism
Volcanism, vulcanism, volcanicity, or volcanic activity is the phenomenon where solids, liquids, gases, and their mixtures erupt to the surface of a solid-surface astronomical body such as a planet or a moon.
Wadi al Hitan
(lit) is a paleontological site in the Faiyum Governorate of Egypt, some south-west of Cairo.
Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
See Eocene and Water
Weathering
Weathering is the deterioration of rocks, soils and minerals (as well as wood and artificial materials) through contact with water, atmospheric gases, sunlight, and biological organisms.
Whale
Whales are a widely distributed and diverse group of fully aquatic placental marine mammals.
See Eocene and Whale
William Whewell
William Whewell (24 May 17946 March 1866) was an English polymath, scientist, Anglican priest, philosopher, theologian, and historian of science.
See Eocene and William Whewell
Ypresian
In the geologic timescale the Ypresian is the oldest age or lowest stratigraphic stage of the Eocene.
1968 in paleontology
Data courtesy of George Olshevsky's dinosaur genera list.
See Eocene and 1968 in paleontology
See also
Geological epochs
- Cambrian Series 2
- Capitalocene
- Cisuralian
- Early Cretaceous
- Early Devonian
- Early Jurassic
- Early Ordovician
- Early Triassic
- Eocene
- Furongian
- Greenlandian
- Guadalupian
- Holocene
- Late Cretaceous
- Late Devonian
- Late Jurassic
- Late Ordovician
- Late Triassic
- Llandovery Epoch
- Lopingian
- Ludlow Epoch
- Ludlow epoch
- Meghalayan
- Miaolingian
- Middle Devonian
- Middle Jurassic
- Middle Triassic
- Miocene
- Mississippian (geology)
- Northgrippian
- Oligocene
- Paleocene
- Pennsylvanian (geology)
- Pleistocene
- Pliocene
- Pridoli Epoch
- Pridoli epoch
- Series (stratigraphy)
- Terreneuvian
- Wenlock Epoch
- Wenlock epoch
Paleogene geochronology
References
Also known as Climate of the Eocene, Eocene Climatic Optimum, Eocene Epoch, Eocene age, Eocenic, Franklinian (stage), Fultonian, Geiseltalian, Kummerian, Late Eocene, Late Eocene period, Mid-Eocene, Middle Eocene, Ravenian, Upper Eocene.
, Cenozoic, Cetacea, Charles Lyell, Chesapeake Bay impact crater, Chubut Province, Climate of the Past, Clumped isotopes, Coal, Continent, Coryphodon, Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, Crocodile, Cupressaceae, Daphoenus, Deciduous, Decomposition, Denmark, Dinictis, Dinocyst, Drake Passage, Dugong, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Earth-Science Reviews, Egypt, Eleutherornis, Ellesmere Island, Entelodontidae, Eocene Thermal Maximum 2, Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, Eohippus, Eos, Eucalyptus, Eurasia, Europe, Euryhaline, Evergreen, Evolution of the brain, Extinction event, Fauna, Feliformia, Fish, Flora, Fold (geology), Foraminifera, Fossil, Frontiers Media, Fur Formation, Galliformes, Gallinuloides, Gastornis, Geobiology (journal), Geologic time scale, Geological history of oxygen, Geological Society of America, Geological Society of America Bulletin, Geology (journal), Geophysical Research Letters, Gigantornis, Global and Planetary Change, Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point, Global warming potential, Green River Formation, Greenhouse effect, Greenland, Gregory Retallack, Halcyornithidae, Hand, Hantkenina, Hesperocyon, Heterotroph, Himalayas, Holocene, Horse, Hyaenodon, Hyracodon, Hyracotherium, Ibis, Ice floe, India, Indian Plate, Inkayacu, Insular dwarfism, International Commission on Stratigraphy, International Geology Review, Isle of Wight, Isotopes of carbon, Isotopes of oxygen, Italy, Δ13C, Jack A. Wolfe, John Phillips (geologist), Journal of South American Earth Sciences, Journal of the Geological Society, King County, Washington, Lagerstätte, Lake, Laramide orogeny, Laurasia, Leg, Leptictidium, List of fossil sites, London Clay, Lutetian, Luxor, Manatee, Masillaraptor, Massignano, Mediterranean Sea, Megacerops, Mesonyx, Messel pit, Messelasturidae, Metasequoia, Methane, Methane clathrate, Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum, Miocene, Moeritherium, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, Moritz Hoernes, Mountain formation, Nature (journal), Nature Communications, Nature Geoscience, Neogene, New York City, Nimravidae, North America, Northern Europe, Ocean acidification, Ocean gyre, Oligocene, Online Etymology Dictionary, Opening of the North Atlantic Ocean, Orbital eccentricity, Pakicetus, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, Paleocene, Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, Paleogene, Paris Basin, Parrot, Parts-per notation, Patagonia, PeerJ, Pelagic zone, Pelagornithidae, Peratherium, Perissodactyla, Petroleum, Plain, Plate tectonics, Plecia, Pliocene, PLOS One, Poaceae, Polar regions of Earth, Polar stratospheric cloud, Popigai impact structure, Precession, Priabonian, Primary production, Primate, Princeton University Press, Proboscidea, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Proceedings of the Royal Society, Proxy (climate), Prydz Bay, Pseudocrypturus, Puget Group, Pythonidae, Rail (bird), Rainforest, Rhynchaeites, River, Rock (geology), Rodent, Savanna, Science (journal), Science News, Scientific Reports, Sea surface temperature, Seafloor spreading, Season, Sirenia, Snake, Songzia, South America, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Southeastern United States, Southern Ocean, Stratum, Subtropics, Sulfuric acid, Supercontinent, Swamp, Systematic Entomology, Taiga, Tectonics (journal), Tethys Ocean, TEX86, The Journal of Geology, Tooth, Tritemnodon, Tropical rainforest, Tundra, Turtle, Uintan, Uintatherium, Umbria, Ungulate, Upwelling, Volcanism, Wadi al Hitan, Water, Weathering, Whale, William Whewell, Ypresian, 1968 in paleontology.