Communication

323 relations: Above-the-line (filmmaking), Acousmatic sound, Actor, Aerial perspective, Alternate ending, American shot, Anamorphic format, Anamorphic widescreen, Angle of view, Angular resolution, Animation, Animatronics, Answer print, Aperture, Apple box, Art department, Art release, Aspect ratio (image), Autofocus, Available light, Axial cut, B movie, B-roll, Baby plate, Background light, Backlighting (lighting design), Backlot, Balloon light, Beatscript, Below-the-line (filmmaking), Best boy, Billing (filmmaking), Bird's-eye view, Blocking (stage), Boom shot, Breaking down the script, Breathing (lens), Bullet time, Butterfly (lighting), C-Clamp (stagecraft), C-stand, Callier effect, Cameo appearance, Cameo lighting, Camera angle, Camera coverage, Camera dolly, Camera operator, Camera stabilizer, Casting (performing arts), ..., Character actor, Character animation, Chroma key, Chromatic aberration, CinemaDNG, Cinematic techniques, Cinematographer, Cinematography, Clapperboard, Close-up, Closing credits, Cold open, Color correction, Color gel, Color grading, Color magazine (lighting), Color rendering index, Color temperature, Compositing, Continuity (fiction), Continuity editing, Cooke triplet, Cost report, Craft service, Crane shot, Creative geography, Creature suit, Cross burning, Cross-cutting, Cucoloris, Cut (transition), Cutaway (filmmaking), Cutting on action, Dailies, Daily call sheet, Daily production report (film), Daily progress report, Day for night, Day out of days (filmmaking), Deep focus, Depth of field, Depth of focus, Dialect coach, Dialogue editor, Dichroism, Diffraction, Digital audio, Digital cinema, Digital cinematography, Digital compositing, Digital image processing, Digital intermediate, Digital Negative, Digital Picture Exchange, Dissolve (filmmaking), DMX512, Documentary film, Dolly grip, Dolly zoom, Double-system recording, Drawn-on-film animation, Dubbing (filmmaking), Dutch angle, Edit decision list, Electrotachyscope, Establishing shot, Executive producer, External rhythm, Extra (acting), Eyeline match, F-number, Fade (audio engineering), Fast cutting, Feature film, Feature length, Field of view, Fill light, Film, Film adaptation, Film budgeting, Film crew, Film criticism, Film director, Film distribution, Film editing, Film finance, Film frame, Film gate, Film genre, Film inventory report, Film modification, Film plane, Film producer, Film recorder, Film scanner, Film score, Film speed, Film theory, Film transition, Film treatment, Filmmaking, Filmography, Fisheye lens, Flashback (narrative), Flashforward, Flicker fusion threshold, Focal length, Focus (optics), Focus puller, Foley (filmmaking), Follow focus, Follow shot, Footage, Forced perspective, Fourth wall, Frame rate, Freeze-frame shot, Fresnel lens, Full frame, Gaffer (filmmaking), Glossary of broadcasting terms, Glossary of video terms, Go motion, Gobo (lighting), Godspot, Green-light, Grip (job), Hanging miniature, Hard and soft light, Head shot, High-angle shot, High-concept, High-intensity discharge lamp, High-key lighting, Hook (filmmaking), Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide lamp, IMDb, Independent film, Insert (filmmaking), Instant replay, Intermittent mechanism, Internal rhythm, Internegative, Intertitle, J cut, Jib (camera), Jump cut, Key grip, Key light, Kuleshov effect, L cut, Leading actor, Lekolite, Lens flare, Letterboxing (filming), Lighting, Limited release, Long shot, Long take, Low-angle shot, Low-key lighting, Martini Shot, Master shot, Match cut, Match moving, Medium shot, MIDI timecode, Mise-en-scène, Money shot, Montage (filmmaking), MOS (filmmaking), Movie camera, Multiple exposure, Multiple-camera setup, Negative cost, Negative cutting, One liner schedule, One shot (film), Opening credits, Over the shoulder shot, Pan and scan, Panning (camera), Persistence of vision, Perspective (graphical), Phenakistiscope, Photographic filter, Pillarbox, Pitch (filmmaking), Point-of-view shot, Post-production, Pre-production, Principal photography, Production board, Production report, Production schedule, Racking focus, Reaction shot, Read-through, Reflector (photography), Rembrandt lighting, Reveal (narrative), Reverse angle shot, Roadshow theatrical release, Scene (filmmaking), Screen direction, Screenplay, Screenwriter, Screenwriting, Script breakdown, Script supervisor, Scriptment, Shooting in the round, Shooting schedule, Shooting script, Shot (filmmaking), Shot reverse shot, Single-camera setup, Slow cutting, Slow motion, Smash cut, SMPTE timecode, Sound editor (filmmaking), Sound effect, Sound report, Spec script, Special effect, Special effects supervisor, Split edit, Split screen (video production), Spotlight (theatre lighting), Stage lighting, Stalker vision, Stand-in, Steadicam, Step outline, Stop motion, Storyboard, Storyboard artist, Striplight, Stunt double, Stunt performer, Substitution splice, Supporting actor, Take, Test screening, Tilt (camera), Time-lapse photography, Timecode, Title sequence, Tracking shot, Trunk shot, Two shot, Typecasting (acting), Video production, Video projector, Videography, Visual effects, Visual effects supervisor, Voice acting, Voice-over, Walk and talk, Whip pan, Wide release, Widescreen, Wipe (transition), Worm's-eye view, Wrap (filmmaking), X rating, Zoetrope, Zooming (filmmaking), 180-degree rule, 30-degree rule, 3D film. Expand index (273 more) » « Shrink index

Above-the-line (filmmaking)

"Above-the-line" refers to the list of individuals who guide and influence the creative direction, process, and voice of a given narrative in a film and related expenditures.

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Acousmatic sound

Acousmatic sound is sound that is heard without an originating cause being seen.

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Actor

An actor (often actress for women; see terminology) is a person who portrays a character in a performance.

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Aerial perspective

Aerial perspective or atmospheric perspective refers to the effect the atmosphere has on the appearance of an object as it is viewed from a distance.

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Alternate ending

Alternate ending (British English: alternative ending) is a term used (usually in movies) to describe the ending of a story that was planned or debated but ultimately unused in favor of the actual ending.

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American shot

"American shot" is a translation of a phrase from French film criticism, "plan américain" and refers to a medium-long ("knee") film shot of a group of characters, who are arranged so that all are visible to the camera.

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Anamorphic format

Anamorphic format is the cinematography technique of shooting a widescreen picture on standard 35 mm film or other visual recording media with a non-widescreen native aspect ratio.

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Anamorphic widescreen

Anamorphic widescreen (also called Full height anamorphic) is a process by which a comparatively wide widescreen image is horizontally compressed to fit into a storage medium (photographic film or MPEG-2 Standard Definition frame, for example) with a narrower aspect ratio, reducing the horizontal resolution of the image while keeping its full original vertical resolution.

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Angle of view

In photography, angle of view (AOV) describes the angular extent of a given scene that is imaged by a camera.

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Angular resolution

Angular resolution or spatial resolution describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye, to distinguish small details of an object, thereby making it a major determinant of image resolution.

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Animation

Animation is a dynamic medium in which images or objects are manipulated to appear as moving images.

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Animatronics

Animatronics refers to the use of robotic devices to emulate a human or an animal, or bring lifelike characteristics to an otherwise inanimate object.

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Answer print

Answer print refers to the first version of a given motion picture that is printed to film after color correction on an interpositive.

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Aperture

In optics, an aperture is a hole or an opening through which light travels.

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Apple box

Apple boxes are wooden boxes or crates of varying sizes with holes on each end used chiefly in film production.

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Art department

Art department in filmmaking terms means the section of a production's crew concerned with visual artistry.

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Art release

An art release is the premiere of an artistic production and its presentation and marketing to the public.

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Aspect ratio (image)

The aspect ratio of an image describes the proportional relationship between its width and its height.

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Autofocus

An autofocus (or AF) optical system uses a sensor, a control system and a motor to focus on an automatically or manually selected point or area.

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Available light

In photography and cinematography, available light or ambient light refers to any source of light that is not explicitly supplied by the photographer for the purpose of taking photos.

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Axial cut

An axial cut is a type of jump cut, where the camera suddenly moves closer to or further away from its subject, along an invisible line drawn straight between the camera and the subject.

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B movie

A B movie or B film is a low-budget commercial movie, but not an arthouse film.

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B-roll

In film and television production, B-roll, B roll, B-reel or B reel is supplemental or alternative footage intercut with the main shot.

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Baby plate

A baby plate is a flat piece of wood especially designed to meet the needs of film makers on the sets.

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Background light

A background light is used to illuminate the background area of a set.

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Backlighting (lighting design)

In lighting design, backlighting is the process of illuminating the subject from the back.

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Backlot

A backlot is an area behind or adjoining a movie studio, containing permanent exterior buildings for outdoor scenes in filmmaking or television productions, or space for temporary set construction.

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Balloon light

Balloon lights (also called lighting balloons) are a specialized type of luminaire used primarily for lighting in the motion picture industry, night highway construction, incident management, and public security applications such as police checkpoints.

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Beatscript

A Beatscript or beat-script is a scripting aid used for describing story ideas.

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Below-the-line (filmmaking)

"Below-the-line" is a term derived from the top sheet of a film budget for motion pictures, television programs, industrial films, independent films, student films and documentaries as well as commercials.

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Best boy

In a film crew there are two kinds of best boy: best boy electric and best boy grip.

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Billing (filmmaking)

Billing is a performing arts term used in referring to the order and other aspects of how credits are presented for plays, films, television, or other creative works.

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Bird's-eye view

A bird's-eye view is an elevated view of an object from above, with a perspective as though the observer were a bird, often used in the making of blueprints, floor plans, and maps.

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Blocking (stage)

In theatre, blocking is the precise staging of actors in order to facilitate the performance of a play, ballet, film or opera.

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Boom shot

"A Boom shot, Jib shot, or Crane shot refer to high-angle shots, sometimes with the camera moving.".

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Breaking down the script

The process of breaking down the script occurs after the producer reads through the screenplay once.

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Breathing (lens)

Breathing refers to the shifting of angle of view of a lens when changing the focus.

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Bullet time

Bullet time (also known as frozen moment, the big freeze, dead time, flow motion or time slice) is a visual effect or visual impression of detaching the time and space of a camera (or viewer) from that of its visible subject.

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Butterfly (lighting)

In cinematography, butterflies (also known as overheads) are structures on which materials are mounted so to control lighting in a scene or photograph.

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C-Clamp (stagecraft)

In stagecraft, a c-clamp can refer to a number of different pieces of hardware, depending on its intended use.

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C-stand

In film production, a C-stand (or Century stand) is primarily used to position light modifiers, such as silks, nets, or flags, in front of light sources.

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Callier effect

The Callier effect is the variation in contrast of images produced by a photographic film with different manners of illumination.

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Cameo appearance

A cameo role or cameo appearance (often shortened to just cameo) is a brief appearance or voice part of a known person in a work of the performing arts, typically unnamed or appearing as themselves.

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Cameo lighting

Cameo lighting in film is a spotlight that accentuates a single person and maybe a few props in a scene.

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Camera angle

The camera angle marks the specific location at which the movie camera or video camera is placed to take a shot.

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Camera coverage

Camera coverage, in filmmaking and video production, is the amount of footage shot and different camera angles used to capture a scene.

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Camera dolly

A camera dolly is a wheeled cart or similar device used in filmmaking and television production to create smooth horizontal camera movements.

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Camera operator

A camera operator, sometimes informally called a cameraman, is a professional operator of a film or video camera.

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Camera stabilizer

A camera stabilizer, or camera–stabilizing mount, is a device designed to hold a camera in a manner that prevents or compensates for unwanted camera movement, such as "camera shake".

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Casting (performing arts)

In the performing arts industry such as Theatre, Film, or Television, a casting (or casting call) is a pre-production process for selecting a certain type of actor, dancer, singer, or extra for a particular role or part in a script, screenplay, or teleplay.

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Character actor

A character actor or character actress is a supporting actor who plays unusual, interesting, or eccentric characters.

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Character animation

Character animation is a specialized area of the animation process, which involves bringing animated s to life.

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Chroma key

Chroma key compositing, or chroma keying, is a visual effects/post-production technique for compositing (layering) two images or video streams together based on color hues (chroma range).

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Chromatic aberration

In optics, chromatic aberration (abbreviated CA; also called chromatic distortion and spherochromatism) is an effect resulting from dispersion in which there is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same convergence point.

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CinemaDNG

CinemaDNG is the result of an Adobe-led initiative to define an industry-wide open file format for digital cinema files.

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Cinematic techniques

This article contains a list of cinematic techniques that are divided into categories and briefly described.

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Cinematographer

A cinematographer or director of photography (sometimes shortened to DP or DOP) is the chief over the camera and light crews working on a film, television production or other live action piece and is responsible for making artistic and technical decisions related to the image.

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Cinematography

Cinematography (also called Direction of Photography) is the science or art of motion-picture photography by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as film stock.

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Clapperboard

A clapperboard is a device used in filmmaking and video production to assist in synchronizing of picture and sound, and to designate and mark the various scenes and takes as they are filmed and audio-recorded.

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Close-up

A close up or closeup in filmmaking, television production, still photography and the comic strip medium is a type of shot, which tightly frames a person or an object.

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Closing credits

Closing credits or end credits are a list of the cast and crew of a particular motion picture, television program, or video game.

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Cold open

A cold open (also called a teaser, or just a cold, especially in production circles) is a narrative tactic used in television and/or films.

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Color correction

Color correction by using color gels, or filters, is a process used in stage lighting, photography, television, cinematography, and other disciplines, the intention of which is to alter the overall color of the light; typically the light color is measured on a scale known as color temperature, as well as along a green–magenta axis orthogonal to the color temperature axis.

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Color gel

A color gel or color filter (British spelling: colour gel or colour filter), also known as lighting gel or simply gel, is a transparent colored material that is used in theater, event production, photography, videography and cinematography to color light and for color correction.

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Color grading

Color grading is the process of altering and enhancing the color of a motion picture, video image, or still image electronically, photo-chemically or digitally.

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Color magazine (lighting)

A color magazine is a fixture attached to a follow spot that places different color filters in the path of the beam.

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Color rendering index

A color rendering index (CRI) is a quantitative measure of the ability of a light source to reveal the colors of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.

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Color temperature

The color temperature of a light source is the temperature of an ideal black-body radiator that radiates light of a color comparable to that of the light source.

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Compositing

Compositing is the combining of visual elements from separate sources into single images, often to create the illusion that all those elements are parts of the same scene.

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Continuity (fiction)

In fiction, continuity is consistency of the characteristics of people, plot, objects, and places seen by the reader or viewer over some period of time.

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Continuity editing

Continuity editing is the process, in film and video creation, of combining more-or-less related shots, or different components cut from a single shot, into a sequence so as to direct the viewer's attention to a pre-existing consistency of story across both time and physical location.

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Cooke triplet

The Cooke triplet is a photographic lens designed and patented (patent number GB 22,607) in 1893 by Dennis Taylor who was employed as chief engineer by T. Cooke & Sons of York.

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Cost report

There are several different types of cost reports.

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Craft service

In film, television and video production, craft service is the department which provides food service and beverages to other departments such as camera, sound, electricians, grips, props, art director, set decorator, special effects, hair and make-up, background.

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Crane shot

In filmmaking and video production, a crane shot is a shot taken by a camera on a moving crane or jib.

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Creative geography

Creative geography, or artificial landscape, is a film making technique invented by the early Russian filmmaker Lev Kuleshov sometime around the 1920s.

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Creature suit

Creature suits are realistic costumes used to disguise a performer as an animal, monster, or other being.

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Cross burning

Cross burning or cross lighting is a practice widely associated with the Ku Klux Klan, although the historical practice long predates the Klan's inception–as far back as Peter of Bruys (1117–1131), who burned crosses in protest of the veneration of crosses.

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Cross-cutting

Cross-cutting is an editing technique most often used in films to establish action occurring at the same time, and usually in the same place.

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Cucoloris

In lighting for film, theatre and still photography, a cucoloris (occasionally also spelled cuculoris, kookaloris, cookaloris or cucalorus) is a device for casting shadows or silhouettes to produce patterned illumination.

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Cut (transition)

In the post-production process of film editing and video editing, a cut is an abrupt, but usually trivial film transition from one sequence to another.

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Cutaway (filmmaking)

In film and video, a cutaway shot is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else.

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Cutting on action

Cutting on action or matching on action refers to film editing and video editing techniques where the editor cuts from one shot to another view that matches the first shot's action.

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Dailies

Dailies, in filmmaking, are the raw, unedited footage shot during the making of a motion picture.

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Daily call sheet

The daily call sheet is a filmmaking term for the schedule crafted by the assistant director, using the director's shot list.

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Daily production report (film)

A daily production report (DPR) or production report (PR) is a filmmaking term for the form filled out each day of production for a movie or television show to summarize what occurred that day.

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Daily progress report

A daily progress report is a filmmaking report that is produced at the end of each shooting day by the First Assistant Director (1AD) and passed to the Production Manager for approval.

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Day for night

Day for night is a set of cinematic techniques used to simulate a night scene while filming in daylight.

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Day out of days (filmmaking)

The Day Out of Days is a chart used by filmmakers to tally the number of paid days for each cast member.

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Deep focus

Deep focus is a photographic and cinematographic technique using a large depth of field.

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Depth of field

In optics, particularly as it relates to film and photography, the optical phenomenon known as depth of field (DOF), is the distance about the Plane of Focus (POF) where objects appear acceptably sharp in an image.

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Depth of focus

Depth of focus is a lens optics concept that measures the tolerance of placement of the image plane (the film plane in a camera) in relation to the lens.

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Dialect coach

A dialect coach is an acting coach who helps an actor design the voice and speech of a character in the context of an on-camera (film, television or commercial), stage (theatre, musical theatre, opera, etc.), radio or animation voiceover production.

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Dialogue editor

The dialogue editor is a type of sound editor who assembles, synchronizes, and edits all the dialogue in a film or television production.

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Dichroism

In optics, a dichroic material is either one which causes visible light to be split up into distinct beams of different wavelengths (colours) (not to be confused with dispersion), or one in which light rays having different polarizations are absorbed by different amounts.

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Diffraction

--> Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.

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Digital audio

Digital audio is audio, or simply sound, signal that has been recorded as or converted into digital form, where the sound wave of the audio signal is encoded as numerical samples in continuous sequence, typically at CD audio quality which is 16 bit sample depth over 44.1 thousand samples per second.

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Digital cinema

Digital cinema refers to the use of digital technology to distribute or project motion pictures as opposed to the historical use of reels of motion picture film, such as 35 mm film.

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Digital cinematography

Digital cinematography is the process of capturing (recording) a motion picture using digital image sensors rather than through film stock.

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Digital compositing

Digital compositing is the process of digitally assembling multiple images to make a final image, typically for print, motion pictures or screen display.

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Digital image processing

In computer science, Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images.

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Digital intermediate

Digital intermediate (typically abbreviated to DI) is a motion picture finishing process which classically involves digitizing a motion picture and manipulating the color and other image characteristics.

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Digital Negative

Digital Negative (DNG) is a patented, open, non-free lossless raw image format written by Adobe used for digital photography.

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Digital Picture Exchange

Digital Picture Exchange (DPX) is a common file format for digital intermediate and visual effects work and is an ANSI/SMPTE standard (268M-2003).

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Dissolve (filmmaking)

In the post-production process of film editing and video editing, a dissolve is a gradual transition from one image to another.

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DMX512

DMX512 (Digital Multiplex) is a standard for digital communication networks that are commonly used to control stage lighting and effects.

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Documentary film

A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record.

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Dolly grip

In cinematography, the dolly grip is a dedicated technician trained to operate the camera dolly.

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Dolly zoom

The dolly zoom is an in-camera effect that appears to undermine normal visual perception.

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Double-system recording

Double-system recording is a form of sound recording used in motion picture production whereby the sound for a scene is recorded on a machine that is separate from the camera or picture-recording apparatus.

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Drawn-on-film animation

Drawn-on-film animation, also known as direct animation or animation without camera, is an animation technique where footage is produced by creating the images directly on film stock, as opposed to any other form of animation where the images or objects are photographed frame by frame with an animation camera.

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Dubbing (filmmaking)

Dubbing, mixing or re-recording is a post-production process used in filmmaking and video production in which additional or supplementary recordings are "mixed" with original production sound to create the finished soundtrack.

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Dutch angle

The Dutch angle, also known as Dutch tilt, canted angle, or oblique angle, is a type of camera shot where the camera is set at an angle on its roll axis so that the shot is composed with vertical lines at an angle to the side of the frame, or so that the horizon line of the shot is not parallel with the bottom of the camera frame.

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Edit decision list

An edit decision list or EDL is used in the post-production process of film editing and video editing.

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Electrotachyscope

The electrotachyscope is an 1887 invention of Ottomar Anschütz of Germany which presents the illusion of motion with transparent serial photographs, chronophotographs, arranged on a spinning wheel of fortune or mandala-like glass disc, significant as a technological development in the history of cinema.

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Establishing shot

An establishing shot in filmmaking and television production sets up, or establishes the context for a scene by showing the relationship between its important figures and objects.

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Executive producer

Executive producer (EP) is one of the top positions in the making of a commercial entertainment product.

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External rhythm

In filmmaking, external rhythm, also called cutting rhythm, is established by the duration of the shots that make up a scene.

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Extra (acting)

A background actor or extra is a performer in a film, television show, stage, musical, opera or ballet production, who appears in a nonspeaking or nonsinging (silent) capacity, usually in the background (for example, in an audience or busy street scene).

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Eyeline match

An eyeline match is a film editing technique associated with the continuity editing system.

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F-number

The f-number of an optical system (such as a camera lens) is the ratio of the system's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil.

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Fade (audio engineering)

In audio engineering, a fade is a gradual increase or decrease in the level of an audio signal.

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Fast cutting

Fast cutting is a film editing technique which refers to several consecutive shots of a brief duration (e.g. 3 seconds or less).

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Feature film

A feature film is a film (also called a motion picture or movie) with a running time long enough to be considered the principal or sole film to fill a program.

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Feature length

In motion picture terminology, feature length is the length of a feature film.

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Field of view

The field of view is the extent of the observable world that is seen at any given moment.

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Fill light

In television, film, stage, or photographic lighting, a fill light (often simply fill) may be used to reduce the contrast of a scene to match the dynamic range of the recording media and record the same amount of detail typically seen by eye in average lighting and considered normal.

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Film

A film, also called a movie, motion picture, moving pícture, theatrical film, or photoplay, is a series of still images that, when shown on a screen, create the illusion of moving images.

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Film adaptation

A film adaptation is the transfer of a work or story, in whole or in part, to a feature film.

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Film budgeting

Film budgeting refers to the process by which a line producer, unit production manager, or production accountant prepares a budget for a film production.

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Film crew

A film crew is a group of people, hired by a production company, for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture.

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Film criticism

Film criticism is the analysis and evaluation of films and the film medium.

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Film director

A film director is a person who directs the making of a film.

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Film distribution

Film distribution is the process of making a movie available for viewing by an audience.

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Film editing

Film editing is a technical part of the post-production process of filmmaking.

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Film finance

Film finance is an aspect of film production that occurs during the development stage prior to pre-production, and is concerned with determining the potential value of a proposed film.

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Film frame

In filmmaking, video production, animation, and related fields, a frame is one of the many still images which compose the complete moving picture.

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Film gate

The film gate is the rectangular opening in the front of a motion picture camera where the film is exposed to light.

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Film genre

A film genre is a motion picture category based on similarities in either the narrative elements or the emotional response to the film (namely, serious, comic, etc.). Most theories of film genre are borrowed from literary genre criticism.

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Film inventory report

The Film Inventory Report or Daily Raw Stock Log is a filmmaking term for a report produced by the clapper loader each day.

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Film modification

The term film modification can be used in general for any form of modification of a film to suit the distributor or the audience's politics or age.

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Film plane

A film plane is the area inside any camera or image taking device with a lens and film or digital sensor upon which the lens creates the focused image.

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Film producer

A film producer is a person who oversees the production of a film.

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Film recorder

A film recorder is a graphical output device for transferring digital images to photographic film.

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Film scanner

A film scanner is a device made for scanning photographic film directly into a computer without the use of any intermediate printmaking.

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Film score

A film score (also sometimes called background score, background music, film soundtrack, film music, or incidental music) is original music written specifically to accompany a film.

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Film speed

Film speed is the measure of a photographic film's sensitivity to light, determined by sensitometry and measured on various numerical scales, the most recent being the ISO system.

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Film theory

Film theory is a set of scholarly approaches within the academic discipline of cinema studies that questions the essentialism of cinema and provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to reality, the other arts, individual viewers, and society at large.

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Film transition

A film transition is a technique used in the post-production process of film editing and video editing by which scenes or shots are combined.

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Film treatment

A film treatment (or simply treatment) is a piece of prose, typically the step between scene cards (index cards) and the first draft of a screenplay for a motion picture, television program, or radio play.

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Filmmaking

Filmmaking (or, in an academic context, film production) is the process of making a film, generally in the sense of films intended for extensive theatrical exhibition.

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Filmography

A filmography is a list of films related by some criteria.

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Fisheye lens

A fisheye lens is an ultra wide-angle lens that produces strong visual distortion intended to create a wide panoramic or hemispherical image.

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Flashback (narrative)

A flashback (sometimes called an analepsis) is an interjected scene that takes the narrative back in time from the current point in the story.

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Flashforward

A flashforward (also spelled flash-forward; also called a prolepsis) is a scene that temporarily takes the narrative forward in time from the current point of the story in literature, film, television and other media.

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Flicker fusion threshold

The flicker fusion threshold (or flicker fusion rate) is a concept in the psychophysics of vision.

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Focal length

The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light.

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Focus (optics)

In geometrical optics, a focus, also called an image point, is the point where light rays originating from a point on the object converge.

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Focus puller

A focus puller, or 1st assistant camera, is a member of a film crew's camera department whose primary responsibility is to maintain image sharpness on whatever subject or action is being filmed.

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Foley (filmmaking)

Foley (named after sound-effects artist Jack Foley) is the reproduction of everyday sound effects that are added to film, video, and other media in post-production to enhance audio quality.

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Follow focus

A follow focus is a focus control mechanism used in filmmaking with film cameras and in television production with professional video cameras.

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Follow shot

Follow shot is a specific camera angle in which the subject being filmed is seemingly pursued by the camera, for example by a Steadicam.

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Footage

In filmmaking and video production, footage is raw, unedited material as originally filmed by a movie camera or recorded by a video camera, which typically must be edited to create a motion picture, video clip, television show or similar completed work.

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Forced perspective

Forced perspective is a technique which employs optical illusion to make an object appear farther away, closer, larger or smaller than it actually is.

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Fourth wall

The fourth wall is a performance convention in which an invisible, imagined wall separates actors from the audience.

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Frame rate

Frame rate (expressed in or fps) is the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images called frames appear on a display.

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Freeze-frame shot

In film and video, a freeze frame is when a single frame of content shows repeatedly on the screen—"freezing" the action.

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Fresnel lens

A Fresnel lens is a type of compact lens originally developed by French physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel for lighthouses.

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Full frame

In cinematography, full frame refers to the use of the full film gate at maximum width and height for 35 mm film cameras.

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Gaffer (filmmaking)

A gaffer in the motion picture industry and on a television crew is the head electrician, responsible for the execution (and sometimes the design) of the lighting plan for a production.

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Glossary of broadcasting terms

Below is a glossary of terms used in broadcasting.

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Glossary of video terms

This glossary defines terms that are used in the document, developed by the.

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Go motion

Go motion is a variation of stop motion animation which incorporates motion blur into each frame involving motion.

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Gobo (lighting)

A gobo is a stencil or template placed inside or in front of a light source to control the shape of the emitted light.

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Godspot

A Godspot is an effect used in stage lighting for the theatre.

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Green-light

To green-light is to give permission or a go ahead to move forward with a project.

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Grip (job)

In the U.S. and Canada, grips are technicians in the filmmaking and video production industries.

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Hanging miniature

Hanging miniature is an in-camera special effect similar to a matte shot where a model, rather than a painting, is placed in foreground and the action takes place in the background.

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Hard and soft light

Hard and soft light are different types of lighting that are commonly used in photography and filmmaking.

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Head shot

A head shot or headshot is a specific type of portrait where the focus is on person's face.

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High-angle shot

A high-angle shot is a cinematic technique where the camera looks down on the subject from a high angle and the point of focus often gets "swallowed up." High-angle shots can make the subject seem vulnerable or powerless when applied with the correct mood, setting, and effects.

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High-concept

High-concept is a type of artistic work that can be easily pitched with a succinctly stated premise.

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High-intensity discharge lamp

High-intensity discharge lamps (HID lamps) are a type of electrical gas-discharge lamp which produces light by means of an electric arc between tungsten electrodes housed inside a translucent or transparent fused quartz or fused alumina arc tube.

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High-key lighting

High-key lighting is a style of lighting for film, television, or photography that aims to reduce the lighting ratio present in the scene.

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Hook (filmmaking)

The hook is the nucleus of both a film and its screenplay.

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Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide lamp

Hydrargyrum medium-arc iodide, or HMI, is the trademark name of Osram's brand of metal-halide gas discharge medium arc-length lamp, made specifically for film and entertainment applications.

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IMDb

IMDb, also known as Internet Movie Database, is an online database of information related to world films, television programs, home videos and video games, and internet streams, including cast, production crew and personnel biographies, plot summaries, trivia, and fan reviews and ratings.

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Independent film

An independent film, independent movie, indie film or indie movie is a feature film that is produced outside the major film studio system, in addition to being produced and distributed by independent entertainment companies.

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Insert (filmmaking)

In film, an insert is a shot of part of a scene as filmed from a different angle and/or focal length from the master shot.

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Instant replay

Instant replay is a video reproduction of something that recently occurred which was both shot and broadcast live.

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Intermittent mechanism

The intermittent mechanism or intermittent movement is the device by which film is regularly advanced and then held in place for a brief duration of time in a movie camera or movie projector.

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Internal rhythm

In filmmaking, internal rhythm is created by whatever appears or occurs within the shot of a moving picture.

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Internegative

An internegative is a motion picture film duplicate.

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Intertitle

In films, an intertitle (also known as a title card) is a piece of filmed, printed text edited into the midst of (i.e. inter-) the photographed action at various points.

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J cut

A J cut is a variant of a split edit film editing technique in which the audio from a following scene overlaps the picture from the preceding scene, so that the audio portion of the later scene starts playing before its picture as a lead-in to the visual cut.

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Jib (camera)

In cinematography, a jib is a boom device with a camera on one end, and a counterweight and camera controls on the other.

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Jump cut

A jump cut is a cut in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are taken from camera positions that vary only slightly if at all.

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Key grip

In US and Canadian filmmaking, the key grip supervises all grip (lighting and rigging) crews and reports to the director of photography.

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Key light

The key light is the first and usually most important light that a photographer, cinematographer, lighting cameraman, or other scene composer will use in a lighting setup.

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Kuleshov effect

The Kuleshov effect is a film editing (montage) effect demonstrated by Soviet filmmaker Lev Kuleshov in the 1910s and 1920s.

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L cut

An L cut is a variant of a split edit film editing technique in which the audio from preceding scene overlaps the picture from the following scene, so that the audio cuts after the picture, and continues playing over the beginning of the next scene.

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Leading actor

A leading actor, leading actress, star, or simply lead, plays the role of the protagonist of a film, television show or play.

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Lekolite

A Lekolite (often abbreviated to Leko) is a brand of ellipsoidal reflector spotlight (ERS) used in stage lighting.

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Lens flare

Lens flare refers to a phenomenon wherein light is scattered or flared in a lens system, often in response to a bright light, producing a sometimes undesirable artifact within the image.

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Letterboxing (filming)

Letterboxing is the practice of transferring film shot in a widescreen aspect ratio to standard-width video formats while preserving the film's original aspect ratio.

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Lighting

Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect.

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Limited release

Limited release is a film distribution strategy of releasing a new film in a few theaters across a country, typically in major metropolitan markets.

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Long shot

In photography, filmmaking and video production, a long shot (sometimes referred to as a full shot or, and to remove ambiguity, wide shot) typically shows the entire object or human figure and is usually intended to place it in some relation to its surroundings.

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Long take

In filmmaking, a long take is a shot lasting much longer than the conventional editing pace either of the film itself or of films in general.

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Low-angle shot

In cinematography, a low-angle shot, is a shot from a camera angle positioned low on the vertical axis, anywhere below the eye line, looking up.

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Low-key lighting

Low-key lighting is a style of lighting for photography, film or television.

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Martini Shot

Martini Shot is a Hollywood term for the final shot set-up of the day.

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Master shot

A master shot is a film recording of an entire dramatized scene, from start to finish, from an angle that keeps all the players in view.

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Match cut

In film, a match cut is a cut from one shot to another where the two shots are matched by the action or subject and subject matter.

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Match moving

In cinematography, match moving is a cinematic technique that allows the insertion of computer graphics into live-action footage with correct position, scale, orientation, and motion relative to the photographed objects in the shot.

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Medium shot

In film, a medium shot, mid shot (MS), or waist shot is a camera angle shot from a medium distance.

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MIDI timecode

MIDI time code (MTC) embeds the same timing information as standard SMPTE timecode as a series of small 'quarter-frame' MIDI messages.

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Mise-en-scène

Mise-en-scène ("placing on stage") is an expression used to describe the design aspect of a theatre or film production, which essentially means "visual theme" or "telling a story"—both in visually artful ways through storyboarding, cinematography and stage design, and in poetically artful ways through direction.

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Money shot

A money shot is a moving or stationary visual element of a film, video, television broadcast, or print publication that is disproportionately expensive to produce or is perceived as essential to the overall importance or revenue-generating potential of the work.

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Montage (filmmaking)

Montage is a technique in film editing in which a series of short shots are edited into a sequence to condense space, time, and information.

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MOS (filmmaking)

MOS is a standard filmmaking jargon abbreviation used in production reports to indicate an associated film segment has no synchronous audio track.

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Movie camera

The movie camera, film camera or cine-camera is a type of photographic camera which takes a rapid sequence of photographs on an image sensor or on a film.

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Multiple exposure

In photography and cinematography, a multiple exposure is the superimposition of two or more exposures to create a single image, and double exposure has a corresponding meaning in respect of two images.

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Multiple-camera setup

The multiple-camera setup, multiple-camera mode of production, multi-camera or simply multicam is a method of filmmaking and video production.

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Negative cost

Negative cost is the net expense to produce and shoot a film, excluding such expenditures as distribution and promotion.

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Negative cutting

Negative cutting (also known as negative matching and negative conforming) is the process of cutting motion picture negative to match precisely the final edit as specified by the film editor.

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One liner schedule

A One Liner Schedule or One-Line Schedule is a filmmaking term for a shorter version of the shooting schedule.

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One shot (film)

A "one-shot or continuous shot feature film" is a full-length movie filmed in one long take by a single camera, or manufactured to give the impression it was.

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Opening credits

In a motion picture, television program or video game, the opening credits or opening titles are shown at the very beginning and list the most important members of the production.

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Over the shoulder shot

In film or video, an over the shoulder shot (also over shoulder, ab tu, OTS, or third-person shot) is a shot of someone or something taken from the perspective or camera angle from the shoulder of another person.

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Pan and scan

Pan and scan is a method of adjusting widescreen film images so that they can be shown in fullscreen proportions of a standard definition 4:3 aspect ratio television screen, often cropping off the sides of the original widescreen image to focus on the composition's most important aspects.

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Panning (camera)

In cinematography and photography panning means swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position.

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Persistence of vision

Persistence of vision refers to the optical illusion that occurs when visual perception of an object does not cease for some time after the rays of light proceeding from it have ceased to enter the eye.

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Perspective (graphical)

Perspective (from perspicere "to see through") in the graphic arts is an approximate representation, generally on a flat surface (such as paper), of an image as it is seen by the eye.

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Phenakistiscope

The phénakisticope (better known as phenakistiscope or the later misspelling phenakistoscope) was the first widespread animation device that created a fluid illusion of motion.

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Photographic filter

In photography and videography, a filter is a camera accessory consisting of an optical filter that can be inserted into the optical path.

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Pillarbox

The pillarbox effect occurs in widescreen video displays when black bars (mattes or masking) are placed on the sides of the image.

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Pitch (filmmaking)

A pitch is a concise verbal (and sometimes visual) presentation of an idea for a film or TV series generally made by a screenwriter or film director to a film producer or studio executive in the hope of attracting development finance to pay for the writing of a screenplay.

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Point-of-view shot

A point of view shot (also known as POV shot, first-person shot or a subjective camera) is a short film scene that shows what a character (the subject) is looking at (represented through the camera).

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Post-production

Post-production is part of the process of filmmaking, video production, and photography.

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Pre-production

Pre-production is the process of fixing some of the elements involved in a film, play, or other performance.

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Principal photography

Film production on location in Newark, New Jersey, April 2004. Principal photography is the phase of film production in which the movie is filmed, with actors on set and cameras rolling, as distinct from pre-production and post-production.

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Production board

A traditional production board, stripboard, or production strip is a filmmaking term for a cardboard or wooden chart displaying color-coded strips of paper, each containing information about a scene in the film's shooting script.

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Production report

A production report ("PR") is a filmmaking term for the form filled out each day of production of a movie or television show to summarize what occurred that day.

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Production schedule

The production schedule is a project plan of how the production budget will be spent over a given timescale, for every phase of a business project.

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Racking focus

A rack focus in filmmaking and television production is the practice of changing the focus of the lens during a shot.

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Reaction shot

In motion picture film production, cinematography and video production, a reaction shot is a shot which cuts away from the main scene in order to show the reaction of a character to it, a basic unit of film grammar.

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Read-through

The read-through, table-read, or table work is a stage of film, television, radio, and theatre production when an organized reading around a table of the screenplay or script by the actors with speaking parts is conducted.

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Reflector (photography)

In photography and cinematography, a reflector is an improvised or specialised reflective surface used to redirect light towards a given subject or scene.

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Rembrandt lighting

Rembrandt lighting is a lighting technique that is used in studio portrait photography.

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Reveal (narrative)

The reveal (also known as the big reveal) is a plot device in narrative structure, and is the exposure to the reader or audience of a previously unseen key character or element of plot or of the performance.

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Reverse angle shot

A reverse angle shot, in cinematography, is a shot taken from an angle 180˚ (opposite) to the previous one.

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Roadshow theatrical release

A roadshow theatrical release (known also as reserved seat engagement) was a term in the motion picture industry for a practice in which a film opened in a limited number of theaters in large cities like New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago and other major cities around the world for a specific period of time before the nationwide general release.

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Scene (filmmaking)

In filmmaking and video production, a scene is generally thought of as the action in a single location and continuous time.

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Screen direction

In film editing, video editing and post production, screen direction is the direction that actors or objects appear to be moving on the screen from the point of view of the camera or audience.

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Screenplay

A screenplay or script is a written work by screenwriters for a film, video game, or television program.

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Screenwriter

A screenplay writer (also called screenwriter for short), scriptwriter or scenarist is a writer who practices the craft of screenwriting, writing screenplays on which mass media, such as films, television programs, comics or video games, are based.

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Screenwriting

Screenwriting, also called scriptwriting, is the art and craft of writing scripts for mass media such as feature films, television productions or video games.

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Script breakdown

A script breakdown is an intermediate step in the production of a play, film, comic book, or any other work that is originally planned using a script.

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Script supervisor

A script supervisor (also called continuity supervisor) is a member of a film crew and oversees the continuity of the motion picture including wardrobe, props, set dressing, hair, makeup and the actions of the actors during a scene.

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Scriptment

A scriptment is a written work by a movie or television screenwriter that combines elements of a script and treatment, especially the dialogue elements, which are formatted the same as in a screenplay.

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Shooting in the round

Shooting in the round refers to a style in cinematography in which the 180-degree rule is broken and the actors are filmed from all sides.

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Shooting schedule

A shooting schedule is a project plan of each day's shooting for a film production.

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Shooting script

A shooting script is the version of a screenplay used during the production of a motion picture.

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Shot (filmmaking)

In filmmaking and video production, a shot is a series of frames, that runs for an uninterrupted period of time.

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Shot reverse shot

Shot reverse shot (or shot/countershot) is a film technique where one character is shown looking at another character (often off-screen), and then the other character is shown looking back at the first character.

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Single-camera setup

The single-camera setup, or single-camera mode of production, also known as Portable Single Camera, is a method of filmmaking and video production.

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Slow cutting

Slow cutting is a film editing technique which uses shots of long duration.

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Slow motion

Slow motion (commonly abbreviated as slo-mo or slow-mo) is an effect in film-making whereby time appears to be slowed down.

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Smash cut

A smash cut is a technique in film and other moving picture media where one scene abruptly cuts to another for aesthetic, narrative, or emotional purpose.

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SMPTE timecode

SMPTE timecode is a set of cooperating standards to label individual frames of video or film with a timecode.

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Sound editor (filmmaking)

A sound editor is a creative professional responsible for selecting and assembling sound recordings in preparation for the final sound mixing or mastering of a television program, motion picture, video game, or any production involving recorded or synthetic sound.

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Sound effect

A sound effect (or audio effect) is an artificially created or enhanced sound, or sound process used to emphasize artistic or other content of films, television shows, live performance, animation, video games, music, or other media.

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Sound report

A sound report is a filmmaking term for a sheet of paper created by the Sound Mixer to record details of each file recorded during filming.

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Spec script

A spec script, also known as a speculative screenplay, is a non-commissioned and unsolicited screenplay.

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Special effect

Special effects (often abbreviated as SFX, SPFX, or simply FX) are illusions or visual tricks used in the film, television, theatre, video game and simulator industries to simulate the imagined events in a story or virtual world.

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Special effects supervisor

A special effects supervisor (also referred to as a special effects coordinator or SFX Supervisor) is an individual who works on a commercial, theater, television or film set creating special effects.

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Split edit

A split edit, is a transition from one shot to another in film or video, where transition of the audio and video happen at different times.

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Split screen (video production)

In film and video production, split screen is the visible division of the screen, traditionally in half, but also in several simultaneous images, rupturing the illusion that the screen's frame is a seamless view of reality, similar to that of the human eye.

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Spotlight (theatre lighting)

A spotlight (or followspot) is a powerful stage lighting instrument which projects a bright beam of light onto a performance space.

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Stage lighting

Stage lighting is the craft of lighting as it applies to the production of theatre, dance, opera and other performance arts.

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Stalker vision

Stalker vision or monster vision is a cinema technique used to convey a sense of being watched.

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Stand-in

A stand-in for film and television is a person who substitutes for the actor before filming, for technical purposes such as lighting and camera setup.

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Steadicam

Steadicam is a brand of camera stabilizer mounts for motion picture cameras invented by Garrett Brown and introduced in 1975 by Cinema Products Corporation.

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Step outline

A step outline (more commonly called a beat sheet) is a detailed telling of a story with the intention of turning the story into a screenplay for a motion picture.

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Stop motion

Stop motion is an animated-film making technique in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames so that they appear to exhibit independent motion when the series of frames is played back as a fast sequence.

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Storyboard

A storyboard is a graphic organizer in the form of illustrations or images displayed in sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation, motion graphic or interactive media sequence.

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Storyboard artist

A storyboard artist (sometimes called a story artist or visualizer) creates storyboards for advertising agencies and film productions.

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Striplight

A striplight is a multi-circuit stage lighting instrument.

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Stunt double

A stunt double is a type of body double, specifically a skilled replacement used for dangerous film or video sequences, in movies and television (such as jumping out of a building, jumping from vehicle to vehicle, or other similar actions), and for other sophisticated stunts (especially fight scenes).

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Stunt performer

A stunt performer, often referred to as a stuntman, stuntwoman, or daredevil, is a trained professional who performs stunts, often as a career.

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Substitution splice

The substitution splice or stop trick is a cinematic special effect in which filmmakers achieve an appearance, disappearance, or transformation by altering one or more selected aspects of the mise-en-scène between two shots while maintaining the same framing and other aspects of the scene in both shots.

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Supporting actor

A supporting actor is an actor who performs a role in a play or film below that of the leading actor(s), and above that of a bit part.

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Take

A take is a single continuous recorded performance.

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Test screening

A test screening is a preview screening of a movie or television show before its general release in order to gauge audience reaction.

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Tilt (camera)

Tilting is a cinematographic technique in which the camera stays in a fixed position but rotates up/down in a vertical plane.

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Time-lapse photography

Time-lapse photography is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured (the frame rate) is much lower than that used to view the sequence.

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Timecode

A timecode (alternatively, time code) is a sequence of numeric codes generated at regular intervals by a timing synchronization system.

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Title sequence

A title sequence (also called an opening sequence or intro) is the method by which films or television programs present their title, key production and cast members, utilizing conceptual visuals and sound.

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Tracking shot

A tracking shot is any shot where the camera moves alongside the object(s) it is recording.

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Trunk shot

The trunk shot is a cinematic camera angle which captures film from inside the trunk of a car.

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Two shot

A two shot is a type of shot in which the frame encompasses a view of two people (the subjects).

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Typecasting (acting)

In television, film, and theatre, typecasting is the process by which a particular actor becomes strongly identified with a specific character; one or more particular roles; or, characters having the same traits or coming from the same social or ethnic groups.

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Video production

Video production is the process of producing video content.

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Video projector

A video projector is an image projector that receives a video signal and projects the corresponding image on a projection screen using a lens system.

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Videography

Videography refers to the process of capturing moving images on electronic media (e.g., videotape, direct to disk recording, or solid state storage) and even streaming media.

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Visual effects

Visual Effects (abbreviated VFX) is the process by which imagery is created or manipulated outside the context of a live action shot in film making.

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Visual effects supervisor

In the context of film and television production, a visual effects supervisor is responsible for achieving the creative aims of the director and/or producers through the use of visual effects.

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Voice acting

Voice acting is the art of performing voice-overs or providing voices to represent a character or to provide information to an audience or user.

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Voice-over

Voice-over (also known as off-camera or off-stage commentary) is a production technique where a voice—that is not part of the narrative (non-diegetic)—is used in a radio, television production, filmmaking, theatre, or other presentations.

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Walk and talk

Walk and talk is a storytelling-technique used in filmmaking and television production in which a number of characters have a conversation while walking somewhere.

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Whip pan

A whip pan is a type of pan shot in which the camera pans so quickly that the picture blurs into indistinct streaks.

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Wide release

In the American motion picture industry, a wide release is a motion picture that is playing nationally.

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Widescreen

Widescreen images are images that are displayed within a set of aspect ratios (relationship of image width to height) that is used in film, television and computer screens.

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Wipe (transition)

Examples of various wipe transitions A wipe is a type of film transition where one shot replaces another by travelling from one side of the frame to another or with a special shape.

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Worm's-eye view

A worm's-eye view is a view of an object from below, as though the observer were a worm; the opposite of a bird's-eye view.

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Wrap (filmmaking)

Wrap is a phrase used by the director in the early days of the film industry to signal the end of filming.

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X rating

In some countries, X is or has been a motion picture rating reserved for the most explicit films.

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Zoetrope

A zoetrope is one of several pre-film animation devices that produce the illusion of motion by displaying a sequence of drawings or photographs showing progressive phases of that motion.

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Zooming (filmmaking)

Zooming in filmmaking and television production refers to the technique of changing the focal length of a zoom lens (and hence the angle of view) during a shot – this technique is also called a zoom.

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180-degree rule

In film making, the 180-degree rule is a basic guideline regarding the on-screen spatial relationship between a character and another character or object within a scene.

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30-degree rule

The 30-degree rule is a basic film editing guideline that states the camera should move at least 30 degrees relative to the subject between successive shots of the same subject.

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3D film

A three-dimensional stereoscopic film (also known as three-dimensional sangu, 3D film or S3D film) is a motion picture that enhances the illusion of depth perception, hence adding a third dimension.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_motion_picture_terms

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