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130 relations: Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara, Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy, Antipope Alexander V, Antipope Benedict XIII, Antipope John XXIII, Antonio Marcello Barberini, Avignon Papacy, Barberini family, Battle of Molinella, Bernabò Visconti, Captain General of the Church, Cardinal (Catholic Church), Carlo Barberini (1562–1630), Carlo I Malatesta, Castro, Lazio, Cencio II Frangipane, Cesare Borgia, Charles III of Naples, Città di Castello, Council of Florence, Council of Pisa, Duchy of Castro, Duchy of Mantua, Duchy of Milan, Duchy of Sora, Duchy of Urbino, Duke of Ferrara and of Modena, Duke of Gandía, Duke of Nemours, Duke of Parma, Duke of Valentinois, Federico da Montefeltro, Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua, Francesco I Sforza, Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua, Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino, Francesco Moricotti Prignani, Frederick III of Sicily, Galeotto I Malatesta, Generalfeldmarschall, Giacomo Boncompagni, Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua, Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandia, Giovanni della Rovere, Giovanni Vitelleschi, Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours, Gonfalone of the Church, Gonfalonier of the Church, Gonfaloniere, Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, ..., Holy Roman Empire, James II of Aragon, Kingdom of Naples, Ladislaus of Naples, List of Aragonese monarchs, List of monarchs of Naples, List of monarchs of Sicily, List of rulers of Mantua, List of rulers of Milan, Livio Odescalchi, Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino, Louis II of Naples, Louis XI of France, Maffeo Barberini (1631–1685), March of Ancona, Martin of Aragon, Mary Hollingsworth, Mondolfo, Montechiaro d'Acqui, Monti Prenestini, Niccolò di Pitigliano, Niccolò Fortebraccio, Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara, Niccolò Piccinino, Nocera Inferiore, Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma, Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma, Palestrina, Pamphili family, Papal regalia and insignia, Papal States, Pedro Luis de Borja, Pier Leoni, Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma, Pope, Pope Alexander VI, Pope Boniface IX, Pope Boniface VIII, Pope Callixtus III, Pope Eugene IV, Pope Gelasius II, Pope Gregory XI, Pope Gregory XII, Pope Gregory XIII, Pope Gregory XV, Pope Innocent VII, Pope Innocent VIII, Pope Innocent X, Pope Innocent XI, Pope Innocent XII, Pope Julius II, Pope Leo X, Pope Martin V, Pope Nicholas II, Pope Paul II, Pope Paul III, Pope Pius II, Pope Pius V, Pope Sixtus IV, Pope Sixtus V, Pope Urban VI, Pope Urban VIII, Prefetti di Vico, Republic of Venice, Ridolfo II da Varano di Camerino, Rimini, Robert Guiscard, Sack of Rome (1527), Sicilian Vespers, Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor, Standard-bearer, Switzerland, Taddeo Barberini, Torquato Conti, Umbraculum, War of the League of Cambrai, War of Urbino, Wars of Castro, Western Schism. Expand index (80 more) »
Alfonso I d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
Alfonso d'Este (21 July 1476 – 31 October 1534) was Duke of Ferrara during the time of the War of the League of Cambrai.
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Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy
Amadeus VIII (4 September 1383 – 7 January 1451) was a Savoyard nobleman, the son of Amadeus VII, Count of Savoy and Bonne of Berry.
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Antipope Alexander V
Peter of Candia or Peter Phillarges (c. 1339 – May 3, 1410) as Alexander V (Alexander PP.) (Alessandro V) was a nominal pope elected during the Western Schism (1378–1417).
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Antipope Benedict XIII
Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor (25 November 1328 – 23 May 1423), known as el Papa Luna in Spanish and Pope Luna in English, was an Aragonese nobleman, who as Benedict XIII, is considered an antipope (see Western Schism) by the Catholic Church.
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Antipope John XXIII
Baldassarre Cossa (c. 1370 – 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) during the Western Schism.
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Antonio Marcello Barberini
Antonio Marcello Barberini, O.F.M. Cap. (18 November 1569 – 11 September 1646) was an Italian cardinal Catholic-Hierarchy.org.
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Avignon Papacy
The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven successive popes resided in Avignon (then in the Kingdom of Arles, part of the Holy Roman Empire, now in France) rather than in Rome.
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Barberini family
The Barberini were a family of the Italian nobility that rose to prominence in 17th century Rome.
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Battle of Molinella
The Battle of Riccardina or Battle of Molinella, fought on July 25, 1467, in Molinella, was one of the most important battles of the 15th century in Italy.
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Bernabò Visconti
Bernabò or Barnabò Visconti (1323 – 19 December 1385) was an Italian soldier and statesman, who was Lord of Milan.
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Captain General of the Church
The Captain General of the Church (Capitano generale della Chiesa) was the de facto commander-in-chief of the papal armed forces during the Middle Ages.
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Cardinal (Catholic Church)
A cardinal (Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinalis, literally Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church) is a senior ecclesiastical leader, considered a Prince of the Church, and usually an ordained bishop of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Carlo Barberini (1562–1630)
Carlo Barberini, Duke of Monterotondo, (28 May 1562 – 26 February 1630) was an Italian nobleman of the Barberini family and lieutenant general of the papal army.
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Carlo I Malatesta
Carlo I Malatesta (June 1368 – 13 September 1429) was an Italian condottiero during the Wars in Lombardy and lord of Rimini, Fano, Cesena and Pesaro.
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Castro, Lazio
Castro was an ancient city on the west side of Lake Bolsena in the present-day comune of Ischia di Castro, northern Lazio, Italy.
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Cencio II Frangipane
Cencius II or Cencio II Frangipane was the son of either of Cencio I or of John, a brother of one Leo.
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Cesare Borgia
Cesare Borgia (Catalan:; César Borja,; 13 September 1475 – 12 March 1507), Duke of Valentinois, was an Italian condottiero, nobleman, politician, and cardinal with Aragonese origin, whose fight for power was a major inspiration for The Prince by Machiavelli.
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Charles III of Naples
Charles the Short or Charles of Durazzo (1345 – 24 February 1386) was King of Naples and titular King of Jerusalem from 1382 to 1386 as Charles III, and King of Hungary from 1385 to 1386 as Charles II.
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Città di Castello
Città di Castello is a city and comune ("Town of the Castle") in the province of Perugia, in the northern part of the Umbria.
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Council of Florence
The Seventeenth Ecumenical Council of the Roman Catholic Church was convoked as the Council of Basel by Pope Martin V shortly before his death in February 1431 and took place in the context of the Hussite wars in Bohemia and the rise of the Ottoman Empire.
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Council of Pisa
The Council of Pisa was a controversial ecumenical council of the Catholic Church held in 1409.
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Duchy of Castro
The Duchy of Castro was a fiefdom in central Italy formed in 1537 from a small strip of land on what is now Lazio's border with Tuscany, centred on Castro, Lazio, a fortified city on a tufa cliff overlooking the Fiora River which was its capital and ducal residence.
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Duchy of Mantua
The Duchy of Mantua was a duchy in Lombardy, Northern Italy, subject to the Holy Roman Empire.
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Duchy of Milan
The Duchy of Milan was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire in northern Italy.
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Duchy of Sora
The Duchy of Sora was a semi-independent state in Italy, created in 1443 by King Alfonso I of Naples and dissolved in 1796.
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Duchy of Urbino
The Duchy of Urbino was a sovereign state in central-northern Italy.
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Duke of Ferrara and of Modena
Emperor Frederick III elevated the Italian family of Este, Lords of Ferrara, to Dukes of Modena and Reggio in 1452, and Dukes of Ferrara in 1471.
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Duke of Gandía
The hereditary Spanish title duke of Gandía (Ducat de Gandia) has its origin in the "Manorialism of Gandía" founded in 1323 by James II of Aragon and was created in 1399 as Duke of Gandía by Martin of Aragon and granted to Alfonso of Aragon and Foix.
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Duke of Nemours
Duke of Nemours was a title in the Peerage of France.
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Duke of Parma
The Duke of Parma was the ruler of the Duchy of Parma, a small historical state which existed between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1859.
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Duke of Valentinois
Duke of Valentinois (French: Duc de Valentinois; Duca Valentino), formerly Count of Valentinois, is a title of nobility, originally in the French peerage.
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Federico da Montefeltro
Federico da Montefeltro, also known as Federico III da Montefeltro KG (7 June 1422 – 10 September 1482), was one of the most successful condottieri of the Italian Renaissance, and lord of Urbino from 1444 (as Duke from 1474) until his death.
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Federico II Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua
Federico II of Gonzaga (May 17, 1500 – August 28, 1540) was the ruler of the Italian city of Mantua (first as Marquis, later as Duke) from 1519 until his death.
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Francesco I Sforza
Francesco I Sforza (23 July 1401 – 8 March 1466) was an Italian condottiero, the founder of the Sforza dynasty in Milan, Italy, and was the fourth Duke of Milan from 1450 until his death.
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Francesco II Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua
Francesco II (or IV) Gonzaga (–) was the ruler of the Italian city of Mantua from 1484 until his death.
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Francesco Maria I della Rovere, Duke of Urbino
Francesco Maria I della Rovere (22 March 1490 – 20 October 1538) was an Italian condottiero, who was Duke of Urbino from 1508 to 1516 and 1521 to 1538 when he retook the throne from Lorenzo II de' Medici.
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Francesco Moricotti Prignani
Francesco Moricotti Prignani (Prignano) (died 1394) was an Italian bishop and Cardinal.
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Frederick III of Sicily
Frederick II (or III) (13 December 1272 – 25 June 1337) was the regent (from 1291) and subsequently King of Sicily from 1295 until his death.
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Galeotto I Malatesta
Galeotto I Malatesta (1299–1385) was an Italian condottiero, who was lord of Rimini, Fano, Ascoli Piceno, Cesena and Fossombrone.
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Generalfeldmarschall
Generalfeldmarschall (general field marshal, field marshal general, or field marshal;; abbreviated to Feldmarschall) was a rank in the armies of several German states and the Holy Roman Empire; in the Habsburg Monarchy, the Austrian Empire and Austria-Hungary, the rank Feldmarschall was used.
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Giacomo Boncompagni
Giacomo Boncompagni (also Jacopo Boncompagni; 8 May 1548 – 18 August 1612) was an Italian feudal lord of the 16th century, the illegitimate son of Pope Gregory XIII (Ugo Boncompagni).
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Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga, Marquess of Mantua
Gianfrancesco I Gonzaga (1395 – 23 September 1444) was Marquess of Mantua from 1407 to 1444.
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Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandia
Giovanni Borgia, 2nd Duke of Gandía (1474 or 1476–1497) was the son of Pope Alexander VI a member of the House of Borgia who was murdered in 1497.
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Giovanni della Rovere
Giovanni della Rovere (1457 – November 1501) was an Italian condottiero.
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Giovanni Vitelleschi
Giovanni Maria Vitelleschi (died 1 or 2 April 1440) was an Italian cardinal and condottiere.
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Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours
Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici KG (12 March 1479 – 17 March 1516) was an Italian nobleman, the third son of Lorenzo the Magnificent, and a ruler of Florence.
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Gonfalone of the Church
The Banner of the Holy Roman Church (Latin: Vexillum; Italian: Gonfalone di Santa Romana Chiesa, occasionally Vessilio di San Pietro, "Standard of St. Peter") was the battle standard of the Papal States during the Renaissance and a symbol of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Gonfalonier of the Church
The Gonfalonier of the Church or Papal Gonfalonier (Gonfaloniere della Chiesa, "standard-bearer"; Vexillifer Ecclesiæ) was a military and political office of the Papal States.
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Gonfaloniere
The Gonfaloniere was the holder of a highly prestigious communal office in medieval and Renaissance Italy, notably in Florence and the Papal States.
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Guidobaldo da Montefeltro
Guidobaldo (Guido Ubaldo) da Montefeltro (17 January 1472 – 10 April 1508), also known as Guidobaldo I, was an Italian condottiero and the Duke of Urbino from 1482 to 1508, KG.
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire (Sacrum Romanum Imperium; Heiliges Römisches Reich) was a multi-ethnic but mostly German complex of territories in central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806.
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James II of Aragon
James II (10 August 1267 – 2 or 5 November 1327), called the Just, was the King of Aragon and Valencia and Count of Barcelona from 1291 to 1327.
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Kingdom of Naples
The Kingdom of Naples (Regnum Neapolitanum; Reino de Nápoles; Regno di Napoli) comprised that part of the Italian Peninsula south of the Papal States between 1282 and 1816.
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Ladislaus of Naples
Ladislaus the Magnanimous (Ladislao il Magnanimo di Napoli; Nápolyi László; 15 February 1377 – 6 August 1414) was King of Naples and titular King of Jerusalem and Sicily, titular Count of Provence and Forcalquier (1386–1414), and titular King of Hungary and Croatia (1390–1414).
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List of Aragonese monarchs
This is a list of the kings and queens of Aragon.
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List of monarchs of Naples
In 1382, the Kingdom of Naples was heired by Charles III, King of Hungary, Great grandson of King Charles II of Naples After this, the House of Anjou of Naples was renamed House of Anjou-Durazzo, like Charles III married his first cousin Margaret of Durazzo, member of a prominent Neapolitan noble family.
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List of monarchs of Sicily
The monarchs of Sicily ruled from the establishment of the County of Sicily in 1071 until the "perfect fusion" in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in 1816.
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List of rulers of Mantua
During his history as independent entity, Mantua knew different rulers, who governed on the city and the lands of Mantua from Middle Ages to early modern period.
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List of rulers of Milan
The following is a list of rulers of Milan from the 13th century to 1814, after which it was incorporated into the Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia by the Congress of Vienna.
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Livio Odescalchi
Livio Odescalchi (March 10, 1652 - September 8, 1713), Duke of Bracciano, Ceri and Syrmia, was an Italian nobleman of the Odescalchi family.
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Lorenzo de' Medici, Duke of Urbino
Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici, (12 September 1492 – 4 May 1519) was the ruler of Florence from 1516 until his death in 1519.
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Louis II of Naples
Louis II (5 October 1377 – 29 April 1417) was King of Naples from 1389 until 1399, and Duke of Anjou from 1384 until 1417.
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Louis XI of France
Louis XI (3 July 1423 – 30 August 1483), called "Louis the Prudent" (le Prudent), was a monarch of the House of Valois who ruled as King of France from 1461 to 1483.
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Maffeo Barberini (1631–1685)
Maffeo Barberini (19 August 1631 – 28 November 1685) was an Italian nobleman of the Barberini and Prince of Palestrina.
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March of Ancona
The March of Ancona (also Anconetana) was a frontier march centred on the city of Ancona and, then, Macerata in the Middle Ages.
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Martin of Aragon
Martin the Humane (29 July 1356 – 31 May 1410), also called the Elder and the Ecclesiastic, was King of Aragon, Valencia, Sardinia and Corsica and Count of Barcelona from 1396 and King of Sicily from 1409 (as Martin II).
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Mary Hollingsworth
Elizabeth Mary Hollingsworth (born November 1950) is a British historian who specialises in the history of medieval Italy.
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Mondolfo
Mondolfo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Pesaro e Urbino in the Italian region Marche, located about northwest of Ancona and about southeast of Pesaro, on the Adriatic Sea.
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Montechiaro d'Acqui
Montechiaro d'Acqui is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Alessandria in the Italian region Piedmont, located about southeast of Turin and about southwest of Alessandria.
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Monti Prenestini
The Monti Prenestini is a mountain range in the Lazio sub-Apennines, in central Italy to the east of Rome.
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Niccolò di Pitigliano
Niccolò di Pitigliano (1442–1510) was an Italian condottiero best known as the Captain-General of the Venetians during the Most Serene Republic's war against the League of Cambrai.
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Niccolò Fortebraccio
Niccolò Fortebraccio (1375–1435), also known as Niccolò della Stella, was an Italian condottiero.
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Niccolò III d'Este, Marquis of Ferrara
Niccolò III d'Este (9 November 1383 – 26 December 1441) was Marquess of Ferrara from 1393 until his death.
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Niccolò Piccinino
Niccolò Piccinino (1386 – 15 October 1444) was an Italian condottiero.
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Nocera Inferiore
Nocera Inferiore (Nucere,; locally) is a city and comune in Campania, Italy, in the province of Salerno, at the foot of Monte Albino, east-south-east of Naples by rail.
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Odoardo Farnese, Duke of Parma
Odoardo Farnese (28 April 1612 – 11 September 1646), also known as Odoardo I Farnese to distinguish him from his grandson Odoardo II Farnese, was Duke of Parma, Piacenza and Castro from 1622 to 1646.
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Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma
Ottavio Farnese (9 October 1524 – 18 September 1586) reigned as Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1547 until his death and Duke of Castro from 1545 to 1547 and from 1553 until his death.
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Palestrina
Palestrina (ancient Praeneste; Πραίνεστος, Prainestos) is an ancient city and comune (municipality) with a population of about 21,000, in Lazio, about east of Rome.
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Pamphili family
The Pamphili (often with the final long i orthography, Pamphilj) are one of the papal families deeply entrenched in Roman Catholic Church, Roman and Italian politics of the 16th and 17th centuries.
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Papal regalia and insignia
Papal regalia and insignia are the official items of attire and decoration proper to the Pope in his capacity as the head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State.
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Papal States
The Papal States, officially the State of the Church (Stato della Chiesa,; Status Ecclesiasticus; also Dicio Pontificia), were a series of territories in the Italian Peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the Pope, from the 8th century until 1870.
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Pedro Luis de Borja
Pedro Luis de Borja, Duke of Spoleto and Marquess of Civitavecchia (1432 – September 26, 1458) was younger brother of Rodrigo Borgia and nephew of Cardinal Alonso de Borja, who in 1455 became Pope Callixtus III.
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Pier Leoni
Pier Leoni (or Pierleone) (Petrus Leo or Petrus filius Leonis) (died 2 June 1128) was the son of the Jewish convert Leo de Benedicto and founder of the great and important medieval Roman family of the Pierleoni.
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Pier Luigi Farnese, Duke of Parma
Pier Luigi Farnese (19 November 1503 – 10 September 1547) was the first Duke of Castro from 1537 to 1545 and the first Duke of Parma and Piacenza from 1545 to 1547.
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Pope
The pope (papa from πάππας pappas, a child's word for "father"), also known as the supreme pontiff (from Latin pontifex maximus "greatest priest"), is the Bishop of Rome and therefore ex officio the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church.
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Pope Alexander VI
Pope Alexander VI, born Rodrigo de Borja (de Borja, Rodrigo Lanzol y de Borja; 1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), was Pope from 11 August 1492 until his death.
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Pope Boniface IX
Pope Boniface IX (Bonifatius IX; c. 1350 – 1 October 1404, born Pietro Tomacelli Cybo) was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 2 November 1389 to his death in 1404.
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Pope Boniface VIII
Pope Boniface VIII (Bonifatius VIII; born Benedetto Caetani (c. 1230 – 11 October 1303), was Pope from 24 December 1294 to his death in 1303. He organized the first Catholic "jubilee" year to take place in Rome and declared that both spiritual and temporal power were under the pope's jurisdiction, and that kings were subordinate to the power of the Roman pontiff. Today, he is probably best remembered for his feuds with King Philip IV of France, who caused the Pope's death, and Dante Alighieri, who placed the pope in the Eighth Circle of Hell in his Divine Comedy, among the simoniacs.
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Pope Callixtus III
Pope Callixtus III (31 December 1378 – 6 August 1458), born Alfons de Borja, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 April 1455 to his death in 1458.
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Pope Eugene IV
Pope Eugene IV (Eugenius IV; 1383 – 23 February 1447), born Gabriele Condulmer, was Pope from 3 March 1431 to his death in 1447.
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Pope Gelasius II
Pope Gelasius II (c. 1060/1064 – 29 January 1119), born Giovanni Caetani or Giovanni da Gaeta (also called Coniulo), was Pope from 24 January 1118 to his death in 1119.
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Pope Gregory XI
Pope Gregory XI (Gregorius; c. 1329 – 27 March 1378) was Pope from 30 December 1370 to his death in 1378.
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Pope Gregory XII
Pope Gregory XII (Gregorius XII; – 18 October 1417), born Angelo Corraro, Corario," or Correr, was Pope from 30 November 1406 to 4 July 1415 when he was forced to resign to end the Western Schism.
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Pope Gregory XIII
Pope Gregory XIII (Gregorius XIII; 7 January 1502 – 10 April 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 13 May 1572 to his death in 1585.
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Pope Gregory XV
Pope Gregory XV (Gregorius XV; 9 January 15548 July 1623), born Alessandro Ludovisi, was Pope from 9 February 1621 to his death in 1623.
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Pope Innocent VII
Pope Innocent VII (Innocentius VII; 1339 – 6 November 1406), born Cosimo de' Migliorati, was Pope from 17 October 1404 to his death in 1406.
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Pope Innocent VIII
Pope Innocent VIII (Innocentius VIII; 1432 – 25 July 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo), was Pope from 29 August 1484 to his death in 1492.
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Pope Innocent X
Pope Innocent X (Innocentius X; 6 May 1574 – 7 January 1655), born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili), was Pope from 15 September 1644 to his death in 1655.
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Pope Innocent XI
Pope Innocent XI (Innocentius XI; 16 May 1611 – 12 August 1689), born Benedetto Odescalchi, ruled from 21 September 1676 to his death.
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Pope Innocent XII
Pope Innocent XII (Innocentius XII; 13 March 1615 – 27 September 1700), born Antonio Pignatelli, was Pope from 12 July 1691 to his death in 1700.
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Pope Julius II
Pope Julius II (Papa Giulio II; Iulius II) (5 December 1443 – 21 February 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, and nicknamed "The Fearsome Pope" and "The Warrior Pope".
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Pope Leo X
Pope Leo X (11 December 1475 – 1 December 1521), born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, was Pope from 9 March 1513 to his death in 1521.
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Pope Martin V
Pope Martin V (Martinus V; January/February 1369 – 20 February 1431), born Otto (or Oddone) Colonna, was Pope from 11 November 1417 to his death in 1431.
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Pope Nicholas II
Pope Nicholas II (Nicholaus II; c. 990/995 – 27 July 1061), born Gérard de Bourgogne, was Pope from 24 January 1059 until his death.
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Pope Paul II
Pope Paul II (Paulus II; 23 February 1417 – 26 July 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 30 August 1464 to his death in 1471.
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Pope Paul III
Pope Paul III (Paulus III; 29 February 1468 – 10 November 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope from 13 October 1534 to his death in 1549.
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Pope Pius II
Pope Pius II (Pius PP., Pio II), born Enea Silvio Bartolomeo Piccolomini (Aeneas Silvius Bartholomeus; 18 October 1405 – 14 August 1464) was Pope from 19 August 1458 to his death in 1464.
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Pope Pius V
Pope Saint Pius V (17 January 1504 – 1 May 1572), born Antonio Ghislieri (from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri, O.P.), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 8 January 1566 to his death in 1572.
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Pope Sixtus IV
Pope Sixtus IV (21 July 1414 – 12 August 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 9 August 1471 to his death in 1484.
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Pope Sixtus V
Pope Sixtus V or Xystus V (13 December 1521 – 27 August 1590), born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 24 April 1585 to his death in 1590.
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Pope Urban VI
Urban VI (Urbanus VI; c. 1318 – 15 October 1389), born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 8 April 1378 to his death in 1389.
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Pope Urban VIII
Pope Urban VIII (Urbanus VIII; baptised 5 April 1568 – 29 July 1644) reigned as Pope from 6 August 1623 to his death in 1644.
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Prefetti di Vico
The Prefetti di Vico were an Italian noble family, of German origin, who established in Rome from the 10th century.
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Republic of Venice
The Republic of Venice (Repubblica di Venezia, later: Repubblica Veneta; Repùblica de Venèsia, later: Repùblica Vèneta), traditionally known as La Serenissima (Most Serene Republic of Venice) (Serenissima Repubblica di Venezia; Serenìsima Repùblica Vèneta), was a sovereign state and maritime republic in northeastern Italy, which existed for a millennium between the 8th century and the 18th century.
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Ridolfo II da Varano di Camerino
Ridolfo (sometimes Rodolfo) II da Varano, signore di Camerino (flourishing 1344 — 1384), was a condottiero operating in Italy from the 1360s.
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Rimini
Rimini (Rémin; Ariminum) is a city of about 150,000 inhabitants in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy and capital city of the Province of Rimini.
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Robert Guiscard
Robert Guiscard (– 17 July 1085) was a Norman adventurer remembered for the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily.
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Sack of Rome (1527)
The Sack of Rome on 6 May 1527 was a military event carried out in Rome (then part of the Papal States) by the mutinous troops of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor.
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Sicilian Vespers
The Sicilian Vespers (Vespri siciliani; Vespiri siciliani) is the name given to the successful rebellion on the island of Sicily that broke out at Easter, 1282 against the rule of the French-born king Charles I, who had ruled the Kingdom of Sicily since 1266.
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Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta
Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta (19 June 1417 – 7 October 1468) was an Italian condottiero and nobleman, a member of the House of Malatesta and lord of Rimini, Fano, and Cesena from 1432.
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Sigismund, Holy Roman Emperor
Sigismund of Luxembourg (15 February 1368 in Nuremberg – 9 December 1437 in Znaim, Moravia) was Prince-elector of Brandenburg from 1378 until 1388 and from 1411 until 1415, King of Hungary and Croatia from 1387, King of Germany from 1411, King of Bohemia from 1419, King of Italy from 1431, and Holy Roman Emperor for four years from 1433 until 1437, the last male member of the House of Luxembourg.
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Standard-bearer
A standard-bearer is a person (soldier or civilian) who bears an emblem called or standard, i.e. either a type of flag or an inflexible but mobile image, which is used (and often honoured) as a formal, visual symbol of a state, prince, military unit, etc.
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Switzerland
Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Taddeo Barberini
Taddeo Barberini (1603–1647) was an Italian nobleman of the House of Barberini who became Prince of Palestrina and Gonfalonier of the Church; commander of the Papal Army.
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Torquato Conti
Torquato Conti (1591–1636) was an Italian military commander who served as a General-Field Marshal of the Holy Roman Empire during the Thirty Years' War.
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Umbraculum
The umbraculum (ombrellone, "big umbrella", or also basilica or conopaeum) is a historic piece of the papal regalia and insignia, once used on a daily basis to provide shade for the pope (Galbreath, 27).
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War of the League of Cambrai
The War of the League of Cambrai, sometimes known as the War of the Holy League and by several other names, was a major conflict in the Italian Wars.
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War of Urbino
The War of Urbino (1517) was a secondary episode of the Italian Wars.
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Wars of Castro
The Wars of Castro were a series of conflicts during the mid-17th century revolving around the ancient city of Castro (located in present-day Lazio, Italy), which eventually resulted in the city's destruction on 2 September 1649.
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Western Schism
The Western Schism, also called Papal Schism, Great Occidental Schism and Schism of 1378, was a split within the Catholic Church lasting from 1378 to 1417 in which two, since 1410 even three, men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope.
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Redirects here:
Flag-bearer of the Holy Roman Church, Gonfaloniere of the Church, Gonfaloniere of the Papal Army, Papal gonfalonier, Papal gonfaloniere.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonfalonier_of_the_Church
