Faster access than browser!
119 relations: Acacia, Adhesive, Agriculture in Mauritania, Albizia, Aluminium, Ammonium dichromate, Amoxicillin, Arabian Peninsula, Arabinogalactan, Arabinose, Arguin, Artist, Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic slave trade, Bakel, Senegal, Binder (material), Black, Brakna Region, Burkina Faso, Calorie, Cameroon, Carboxymethyl cellulose, Ceramic glaze, Chad, Chewing gum, Combretum, Confectionery, Cosmetics, Decolonization, Desert locust, Dietary fiber, Diluent, E number, East Africa, Economy of Chad, Economy of Niger, Economy of Sudan, Emirate of Trarza, Emulsion, Encyclopædia Britannica, Envelope, Eritrea, Etching, Ethiopia, European Food Safety Authority, Finings, Fireworks, Flatulence, Flocculation, Food and Drug Administration, ..., Food industry, Franco-Trarzan War of 1825, French Equatorial Africa, French West Africa, Genus, Glycoprotein, Gum printing, Gumdrop, Icing (food), Ink, Köhler's Medicinal Plants, Kenya, Lithography, M&M's, Mali, Marshmallow, Mauritania, Medication, Mixture, Natural gum, Niger, Nigeria, Paint, Paper, Phosphoric acid, Photography, Pigment, Polysaccharide, Portendick, Postage stamp gum, Potassium dichromate, Prince Henry the Navigator, Printing, Printing press, Probiotic, Pyrotechnics, Red Sea, Redox, Ribose, Rolling paper, Sahara, Sahel, Saint-Louis, Senegal, Sap, Senegal, Senegal River, Senegalia senegal, Shoe polish, Slavery, Soft drink, Somalia, Stabilizer (chemistry), Sudan, Syrup, Tanzania, Toxicity, Transhumance, Trarza Region, Ultraviolet, Vachellia nilotica, Vachellia seyal, Viscosity, Waalo, Watercolor painting, West Africa, Western Asia, Wine, 2004 Africa locust infestation, 8,5'-Diferulic acid. Expand index (69 more) »
Acacia
Acacia, commonly known as the wattles or acacias, is a large genus of shrubs and trees in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the pea family Fabaceae.
New!!: Gum arabic and Acacia · See more »
Adhesive
An adhesive, also known as glue, cement, mucilage, or paste, is any substance applied to one surface, or both surfaces, of two separate items that binds them together and resists their separation.
New!!: Gum arabic and Adhesive · See more »
Agriculture in Mauritania
Located in the Sahelian and Saharan zones, Mauritania has one of the poorest agricultural bases in West Africa.
New!!: Gum arabic and Agriculture in Mauritania · See more »
Albizia
Albizia is a genus of about 150 species of mostly fast-growing subtropical and tropical trees and shrubs in the subfamily Mimosoideae of the family Fabaceae.
New!!: Gum arabic and Albizia · See more »
Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a chemical element with symbol Al and atomic number 13.
New!!: Gum arabic and Aluminium · See more »
Ammonium dichromate
Ammonium dichromate is the inorganic compound with the formula (NH4)2Cr2O7.
New!!: Gum arabic and Ammonium dichromate · See more »
Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin, also spelled amoxycillin, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.
New!!: Gum arabic and Amoxicillin · See more »
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula, simplified Arabia (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَةِ الْعَرَبِيَّة, ‘Arabian island’ or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب, ‘Island of the Arabs’), is a peninsula of Western Asia situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian plate.
New!!: Gum arabic and Arabian Peninsula · See more »
Arabinogalactan
Arabinogalactan is a biopolymer consisting of arabinose and galactose monosaccharides.
New!!: Gum arabic and Arabinogalactan · See more »
Arabinose
Arabinose is an aldopentose – a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde (CHO) functional group.
New!!: Gum arabic and Arabinose · See more »
Arguin
Arguin (Arguim) is an island off the western coast of Mauritania in the Bay of Arguin.
New!!: Gum arabic and Arguin · See more »
Artist
An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art.
New!!: Gum arabic and Artist · See more »
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest of the world's oceans with a total area of about.
New!!: Gum arabic and Atlantic Ocean · See more »
Atlantic slave trade
The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas.
New!!: Gum arabic and Atlantic slave trade · See more »
Bakel, Senegal
Bakel is a town of approximately 15,000 inhabitants located in the eastern part of Senegal, West Africa.
New!!: Gum arabic and Bakel, Senegal · See more »
Binder (material)
A binder or binding agent is any material or substance that holds or draws other materials together to form a cohesive whole mechanically, chemically, by adhesion or cohesion.
New!!: Gum arabic and Binder (material) · See more »
Black
Black is the darkest color, the result of the absence or complete absorption of visible light.
New!!: Gum arabic and Black · See more »
Brakna Region
Brakna (ولاية البراكنة) is a region in south-west Mauritania.
New!!: Gum arabic and Brakna Region · See more »
Burkina Faso
Burkina Faso is a landlocked country in West Africa.
New!!: Gum arabic and Burkina Faso · See more »
Calorie
A calorie is a unit of energy.
New!!: Gum arabic and Calorie · See more »
Cameroon
No description.
New!!: Gum arabic and Cameroon · See more »
Carboxymethyl cellulose
Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or cellulose gum or tylose powder is a cellulose derivative with carboxymethyl groups (-CH2-COOH) bound to some of the hydroxyl groups of the glucopyranose monomers that make up the cellulose backbone.
New!!: Gum arabic and Carboxymethyl cellulose · See more »
Ceramic glaze
Ceramic glaze is an impervious layer or coating of a vitreous substance which has been fused to a ceramic body through firing.
New!!: Gum arabic and Ceramic glaze · See more »
Chad
Chad (تشاد; Tchad), officially the Republic of Chad ("Republic of the Chad"), is a landlocked country in Central Africa.
New!!: Gum arabic and Chad · See more »
Chewing gum
Chewing gum is a soft, cohesive substance designed to be chewed without being swallowed.
New!!: Gum arabic and Chewing gum · See more »
Combretum
Combretum, the bushwillows or combretums, make up the type genus of the family Combretaceae.
New!!: Gum arabic and Combretum · See more »
Confectionery
Confectionery is the art of making confections, which are food items that are rich in sugar and carbohydrates.
New!!: Gum arabic and Confectionery · See more »
Cosmetics
Cosmetics are substances or products used to enhance or alter the appearance of the face or fragrance and texture of the body.
New!!: Gum arabic and Cosmetics · See more »
Decolonization
Decolonization (American English) or decolonisation (British English) is the undoing of colonialism: where a nation establishes and maintains its domination over one or more other territories.
New!!: Gum arabic and Decolonization · See more »
Desert locust
The desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria) is a species of locust.
New!!: Gum arabic and Desert locust · See more »
Dietary fiber
Dietary fiber or roughage is the indigestible portion of food derived from plants.
New!!: Gum arabic and Dietary fiber · See more »
Diluent
A diluent (also referred to as a filler, dilutant or thinner) is a diluting agent.
New!!: Gum arabic and Diluent · See more »
E number
E numbers are codes for substances that are permitted to be used as food additives for use within the European Union and EFTA.
New!!: Gum arabic and E number · See more »
East Africa
East Africa or Eastern Africa is the eastern region of the African continent, variably defined by geography.
New!!: Gum arabic and East Africa · See more »
Economy of Chad
Landlocked Chad's economic development suffers from its geographic remoteness, drought, lack of infrastructure, and political turmoil.
New!!: Gum arabic and Economy of Chad · See more »
Economy of Niger
The economy of Niger is based largely upon internal markets, subsistence agriculture, and the export of raw commodities: foodstuffs to neighbors and raw minerals to world markets.
New!!: Gum arabic and Economy of Niger · See more »
Economy of Sudan
Until the second half of 2002, Sudan's economy boomed on the back of increases in oil production, high oil prices, and large inflows of foreign direct investment.
New!!: Gum arabic and Economy of Sudan · See more »
Emirate of Trarza
The Emirate of Trarza was a precolonial state in what is today southwest Mauritania.
New!!: Gum arabic and Emirate of Trarza · See more »
Emulsion
An emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible (unmixable or unblendable).
New!!: Gum arabic and Emulsion · See more »
Encyclopædia Britannica
The Encyclopædia Britannica (Latin for "British Encyclopaedia"), published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
New!!: Gum arabic and Encyclopædia Britannica · See more »
Envelope
An envelope is a common packaging item, usually made of thin flat material.
New!!: Gum arabic and Envelope · See more »
Eritrea
Eritrea (ኤርትራ), officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa, with its capital at Asmara.
New!!: Gum arabic and Eritrea · See more »
Etching
Etching is traditionally the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the unprotected parts of a metal surface to create a design in intaglio (incised) in the metal.
New!!: Gum arabic and Etching · See more »
Ethiopia
Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ, yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk), is a country located in the Horn of Africa.
New!!: Gum arabic and Ethiopia · See more »
European Food Safety Authority
The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain.
New!!: Gum arabic and European Food Safety Authority · See more »
Finings
FiningsThe term is a mass noun rather than a plural.
New!!: Gum arabic and Finings · See more »
Fireworks
Fireworks are a class of low explosive pyrotechnic devices used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes.
New!!: Gum arabic and Fireworks · See more »
Flatulence
Flatulence is defined in the medical literature as "flatus expelled through the anus" or the "quality or state of being flatulent", which is defined in turn as "marked by or affected with gases generated in the intestine or stomach; likely to cause digestive flatulence".
New!!: Gum arabic and Flatulence · See more »
Flocculation
Flocculation, in the field of chemistry, is a process wherein colloids come out of suspension in the form of floc or flake, either spontaneously or due to the addition of a clarifying agent.
New!!: Gum arabic and Flocculation · See more »
Food and Drug Administration
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, one of the United States federal executive departments.
New!!: Gum arabic and Food and Drug Administration · See more »
Food industry
The food industry is a complex, global collective of diverse businesses that supplies most of the food consumed by the world population.
New!!: Gum arabic and Food industry · See more »
Franco-Trarzan War of 1825
The Franco-Trarzan War of 1825 was a conflict between the forces of the new amir of Trarza, Muhammad al Habib, and France, ruled at the time by Charles X and the ultra comte de Villèle.
New!!: Gum arabic and Franco-Trarzan War of 1825 · See more »
French Equatorial Africa
French Equatorial Africa (Afrique équatoriale française), or the AEF, was the federation of French colonial possessions in Equatorial Africa, extending northwards from the Congo River into the Sahel, and comprising what are today the countries of Chad, the Central African Republic, Cameroon, the Republic of the Congo, and Gabon.
New!!: Gum arabic and French Equatorial Africa · See more »
French West Africa
French West Africa (Afrique occidentale française, AOF) was a federation of eight French colonial territories in Africa: Mauritania, Senegal, French Sudan (now Mali), French Guinea, Ivory Coast, Upper Volta (now Burkina Faso), Dahomey (now Benin) and Niger.
New!!: Gum arabic and French West Africa · See more »
Genus
A genus (genera) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology.
New!!: Gum arabic and Genus · See more »
Glycoprotein
Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains (glycans) covalently attached to amino acid side-chains.
New!!: Gum arabic and Glycoprotein · See more »
Gum printing
Gum printing is a way of making photographic reproductions without the use of silver halides.
New!!: Gum arabic and Gum printing · See more »
Gumdrop
Gumdrops are a type of candy.
New!!: Gum arabic and Gumdrop · See more »
Icing (food)
Icing, often called frosting in the United States, is a sweet, often creamy glaze made of sugar with a liquid, such as water or milk, that is often enriched with ingredients like butter, egg whites, cream cheese, or flavorings.
New!!: Gum arabic and Icing (food) · See more »
Ink
Ink is a liquid or paste that contains pigments or dyes and is used to color a surface to produce an image, text, or design.
New!!: Gum arabic and Ink · See more »
Köhler's Medicinal Plants
Köhler's Medicinal Plants (or, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen) is a German herbal written principally by Hermann Adolph Köhler (1834 - 1879, physician and chemist), and edited after his death by Gustav Pabst.
New!!: Gum arabic and Köhler's Medicinal Plants · See more »
Kenya
Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa with its capital and largest city in Nairobi.
New!!: Gum arabic and Kenya · See more »
Lithography
Lithography is a method of printing originally based on the immiscibility of oil and water.
New!!: Gum arabic and Lithography · See more »
M&M's
M&M's are "colorful button-shaped chocolates", each of which has the letter "m" printed in lower case on one side, surrounding a filling which varies depending upon the variety of M&M's.
New!!: Gum arabic and M&M's · See more »
Mali
Mali, officially the Republic of Mali (République du Mali), is a landlocked country in West Africa, a region geologically identified with the West African Craton.
New!!: Gum arabic and Mali · See more »
Marshmallow
A marshmallow is a sugar-based confectionery that in its modern form typically consists of sugar, water and gelatin whipped to a squishy consistency, molded into small cylindrical pieces, and coated with corn starch.
New!!: Gum arabic and Marshmallow · See more »
Mauritania
Mauritania (موريتانيا; Gànnaar; Soninke: Murutaane; Pulaar: Moritani; Mauritanie), officially the Islamic Republic of Mauritania, is a country in the Maghreb region of Northwestern Africa.
New!!: Gum arabic and Mauritania · See more »
Medication
A medication (also referred to as medicine, pharmaceutical drug, or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
New!!: Gum arabic and Medication · See more »
Mixture
In chemistry, a mixture is a material made up of two or more different substances which are mixed.
New!!: Gum arabic and Mixture · See more »
Natural gum
Natural gums are polysaccharides of natural origin, capable of causing a large increase in a solution’s viscosity, even at small concentrations.
New!!: Gum arabic and Natural gum · See more »
Niger
Niger, also called the Niger officially the Republic of the Niger, is a landlocked country in Western Africa named after the Niger River.
New!!: Gum arabic and Niger · See more »
Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.
New!!: Gum arabic and Nigeria · See more »
Paint
Paint is any liquid, liquefiable, or mastic composition that, after application to a substrate in a thin layer, converts to a solid film.
New!!: Gum arabic and Paint · See more »
Paper
Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.
New!!: Gum arabic and Paper · See more »
Phosphoric acid
Phosphoric acid (also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid) is a mineral (inorganic) and weak acid having the chemical formula H3PO4.
New!!: Gum arabic and Phosphoric acid · See more »
Photography
Photography is the science, art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film.
New!!: Gum arabic and Photography · See more »
Pigment
A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.
New!!: Gum arabic and Pigment · See more »
Polysaccharide
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages, and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides.
New!!: Gum arabic and Polysaccharide · See more »
Portendick
Portendick is an abandoned coastal city in western Mauritania.
New!!: Gum arabic and Portendick · See more »
Postage stamp gum
In philately, gum is the substance applied to the back of a stamp to enable it to adhere to a letter or other mailed item.
New!!: Gum arabic and Postage stamp gum · See more »
Potassium dichromate
Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7, is a common inorganic chemical reagent, most commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various laboratory and industrial applications. As with all hexavalent chromium compounds, it is acutely and chronically harmful to health. It is a crystalline ionic solid with a very bright, red-orange color. The salt is popular in the laboratory because it is not deliquescent, in contrast to the more industrially relevant salt sodium dichromate.Gerd Anger, Jost Halstenberg, Klaus Hochgeschwender, Christoph Scherhag, Ulrich Korallus, Herbert Knopf, Peter Schmidt, Manfred Ohlinger, "Chromium Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005.
New!!: Gum arabic and Potassium dichromate · See more »
Prince Henry the Navigator
Infante D. Henrique of Portugal, Duke of Viseu (4 March 1394 – 13 November 1460), better known as Prince Henry the Navigator (Infante Dom Henrique, o Navegador), was a central figure in the early days of the Portuguese Empire and in the 15th-century European maritime discoveries and maritime expansion.
New!!: Gum arabic and Prince Henry the Navigator · See more »
Printing
Printing is a process for reproducing text and images using a master form or template.
New!!: Gum arabic and Printing · See more »
Printing press
A printing press is a device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink.
New!!: Gum arabic and Printing press · See more »
Probiotic
Probiotics are microorganisms that are claimed to provide health benefits when consumed.
New!!: Gum arabic and Probiotic · See more »
Pyrotechnics
Pyrotechnics is the science of using materials capable of undergoing self-contained and self-sustained exothermic chemical reactions for the production of heat, light, gas, smoke and/or sound.
New!!: Gum arabic and Pyrotechnics · See more »
Red Sea
The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia.
New!!: Gum arabic and Red Sea · See more »
Redox
Redox (short for reduction–oxidation reaction) (pronunciation: or) is a chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of atoms are changed.
New!!: Gum arabic and Redox · See more »
Ribose
Ribose is a carbohydrate with the formula C5H10O5; specifically, it is a pentose monosaccharide (simple sugar) with linear form H−(C.
New!!: Gum arabic and Ribose · See more »
Rolling paper
Rolling paper is a specialty paper used for making cigarettes (commercially manufactured filter cigarettes and individually made roll-your-own cigarettes).
New!!: Gum arabic and Rolling paper · See more »
Sahara
The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى,, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic.
New!!: Gum arabic and Sahara · See more »
Sahel
The Sahel is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition in Africa between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian Savanna to the south.
New!!: Gum arabic and Sahel · See more »
Saint-Louis, Senegal
Saint-Louis, or Ndar as it is called in Wolof, is the capital of Senegal's Saint-Louis Region.
New!!: Gum arabic and Saint-Louis, Senegal · See more »
Sap
Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells (vessel elements or tracheids) or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant.
New!!: Gum arabic and Sap · See more »
Senegal
Senegal (Sénégal), officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country in West Africa.
New!!: Gum arabic and Senegal · See more »
Senegal River
The Senegal River (نهر السنغال, Fleuve Sénégal) is a long river in West Africa that forms the border between Senegal and Mauritania.
New!!: Gum arabic and Senegal River · See more »
Senegalia senegal
Senegalia senegal (until recently known as Acacia senegal) is a small thorny deciduous tree from the genus Senegalia, which is known by several common names, including Gum acacia, Gum arabic tree, Sudan gum and Sudan gum arabic.
New!!: Gum arabic and Senegalia senegal · See more »
Shoe polish
Shoe polish (or boot polish) is a waxy paste, cream, or liquid used to polish, shine, and waterproof leather shoes or boots to extend the footwear's life, and restore, maintain and improve their appearance.
New!!: Gum arabic and Shoe polish · See more »
Slavery
Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.
New!!: Gum arabic and Slavery · See more »
Soft drink
A soft drink (see terminology for other names) typically contains carbonated water (although some lemonades are not carbonated), a sweetener, and a natural or artificial flavoring.
New!!: Gum arabic and Soft drink · See more »
Somalia
Somalia (Soomaaliya; aṣ-Ṣūmāl), officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe Federal Republic of Somalia is the country's name per Article 1 of the.
New!!: Gum arabic and Somalia · See more »
Stabilizer (chemistry)
In industrial chemistry, a stabilizer is a chemical that is used to prevent degradation.
New!!: Gum arabic and Stabilizer (chemistry) · See more »
Sudan
The Sudan or Sudan (السودان as-Sūdān) also known as North Sudan since South Sudan's independence and officially the Republic of the Sudan (جمهورية السودان Jumhūriyyat as-Sūdān), is a country in Northeast Africa.
New!!: Gum arabic and Sudan · See more »
Syrup
In cooking, a syrup or sirup (from شراب; sharāb, beverage, wine and sirupus) is a condiment that is a thick, viscous liquid consisting primarily of a solution of sugar in water, containing a large amount of dissolved sugars but showing little tendency to deposit crystals.
New!!: Gum arabic and Syrup · See more »
Tanzania
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a sovereign state in eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region.
New!!: Gum arabic and Tanzania · See more »
Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.
New!!: Gum arabic and Toxicity · See more »
Transhumance
Transhumance is a type of nomadism or pastoralism, a seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures.
New!!: Gum arabic and Transhumance · See more »
Trarza Region
Trarza (ولاية الترارزة) is a region in southwest Mauritania.
New!!: Gum arabic and Trarza Region · See more »
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength from 10 nm to 400 nm, shorter than that of visible light but longer than X-rays.
New!!: Gum arabic and Ultraviolet · See more »
Vachellia nilotica
Vachellia nilotica (commonly known as gum arabic tree, babul, thorn mimosa, Egyptian acacia or thorny acacia) is a tree in the family Fabaceae.
New!!: Gum arabic and Vachellia nilotica · See more »
Vachellia seyal
Vachellia seyal, the red acacia, known also as the shittah tree (the source of shittim wood), is a thorny, high tree with a pale greenish or reddish bark.
New!!: Gum arabic and Vachellia seyal · See more »
Viscosity
The viscosity of a fluid is the measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress.
New!!: Gum arabic and Viscosity · See more »
Waalo
Walo (Waalo was a kingdom on the lower Senegal River in West Africa, in what are now Senegal and Mauritania. It included parts of the valley proper and areas north and south, extending to the Atlantic Ocean. To the north were Moorish emirates; to the south was the kingdom of Cayor; to the east was Jolof. Waalo had a complicated political and social system, which has a continuing influence on Wolof culture in Senegal today, especially its highly formalized and rigid caste system. The kingdom was indirectly hereditary, ruled by three matrilinial families: the Logar, the Tedyek and the Joos, all from different ethnic backgrounds. The Joos were of Serer origin. This Serer matriclan was established in Waalo by Lingeer Ndoye Demba of Sine. Her grandmother Lingeer Fatim Beye is the matriarch and early ancestor of this dynasty. These matrilinial families engaged in constant dynastic struggles to become "Brak" or king of Waalo, as well as warring with Waalo's neighbors. The royal title "Lingeer" means queen or royal princess, used by the Serer and Wolof. Waalo was founded in 1287. The semi-legendary figure NDiadiane Ndiaye, was from this kingdom. The mysterious figure went on to rule the kingdom of Jolof. Under NDdiadian, Jolof made Waalo a vassal. The royal capital of Waalo was first Ndiourbel (Guribel) on the north bank of the Senegal River (in modern Mauritania), then Ndiangué on the south bank of the river, then the capital was moved to Nder on the west shore of the Lac de Guiers. Waalo was subject to constant raids for slaves not only from the Moors but also in the internecine wars. The Brak ruled with a kind of legislature, the Seb Ak Baor, over a complicated hierarchy of officials and dignitaries. Women had high positions and figure promininently in the political and military history. Waalo had lucrative treaties with the French, who had established their base at the island of Saint-Louis (now Saint-Louis, Senegal) near the mouth of the river. Waalo was paid fees for every boatload of gum arabic or slaves that was shipped on the river, in return for its "protection" of the trade. Eventually this protection became ineffective. Vassals of Waalo, like Beetyo (Bethio) split off. In all, Waalo had 52 kings since its founding. Waalo had its own traditional African religion. The ruling class was slow to accept Islam, which had spread in the valley; the Brak converted only in the 19th century.
New!!: Gum arabic and Waalo · See more »
Watercolor painting
Watercolor (American English) or watercolour (British English; see spelling differences), also aquarelle (French, diminutive of Latin aqua "water"), is a painting method in which the paints are made of pigments suspended in a water-based solution.
New!!: Gum arabic and Watercolor painting · See more »
West Africa
West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.
New!!: Gum arabic and West Africa · See more »
Western Asia
Western Asia, West Asia, Southwestern Asia or Southwest Asia is the westernmost subregion of Asia.
New!!: Gum arabic and Western Asia · See more »
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage made from grapes fermented without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, water, or other nutrients.
New!!: Gum arabic and Wine · See more »
2004 Africa locust infestation
In 2004, West and North Africa experienced their largest infestation of locusts in more than 15 years.
New!!: Gum arabic and 2004 Africa locust infestation · See more »
8,5'-Diferulic acid
8,5'-Diferulic acid is a non cyclic type of diferulic acid.
New!!: Gum arabic and 8,5'-Diferulic acid · See more »
Redirects here:
Acacia gum, Arabic Gum, Arabic gum, E414, Gum Acacia, Gum Arabic, Gum Arabic Tree, Gum acacia, Gum arabic tree, Gummi arabicum, Pharmacognosy of Acacia, Pharmacognosy of Acacia (Gum).
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gum_arabic
