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161 relations: Allele, Angiopolybia pallens, Australasia, Autosome, Bacteria, Bamar people, Before Present, Cell division, Cell nucleus, Chromosomal crossover, Chromosome, Cytoplasm, Czech Republic, Dagestan, DNA, Eukaryote, Founder effect, Gene, Genealogical DNA test, Genetic drift, Genetic genealogy, Genetic recombination, Genetics, Greece, Group, Hadza people, Haplogroup A (mtDNA), Haplogroup A (Y-DNA), Haplogroup B (mtDNA), Haplogroup B-M60, Haplogroup C (mtDNA), Haplogroup C-M130, Haplogroup CZ (mtDNA), Haplogroup D (mtDNA), Haplogroup D-M174, Haplogroup DE, Haplogroup E (mtDNA), Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA), Haplogroup E-M96, Haplogroup E-V38, Haplogroup F (mtDNA), Haplogroup F-M89, Haplogroup G (mtDNA), Haplogroup G-M201, Haplogroup H (mtDNA), Haplogroup H (Y-DNA), Haplogroup HV (mtDNA), Haplogroup I (mtDNA), Haplogroup I-M170, Haplogroup I-M253, ..., Haplogroup I-M438, Haplogroup IJ, Haplogroup IJK, Haplogroup J (mtDNA), Haplogroup J (Y-DNA), Haplogroup J-M172, Haplogroup J-M267, Haplogroup JT (mtDNA), Haplogroup K (mtDNA), Haplogroup K-M9, Haplogroup K2, Haplogroup L-M20, Haplogroup L0 (mtDNA), Haplogroup L1 (mtDNA), Haplogroup L2 (mtDNA), Haplogroup L3 (mtDNA), Haplogroup L4 (mtDNA), Haplogroup L5 (mtDNA), Haplogroup L6 (mtDNA), Haplogroup LT, Haplogroup M (mtDNA), Haplogroup M-P256, Haplogroup N (mtDNA), Haplogroup N-M231, Haplogroup NO, Haplogroup O-M119, Haplogroup O-M122, Haplogroup O-M175, Haplogroup O-M268, Haplogroup P (mtDNA), Haplogroup P (Y-DNA), Haplogroup pre-JT, Haplogroup Q (mtDNA), Haplogroup Q-M242, Haplogroup Q-M3, Haplogroup R (mtDNA), Haplogroup R (Y-DNA), Haplogroup R0 (mtDNA), Haplogroup R1, Haplogroup R1a, Haplogroup R1b, Haplogroup R2, Haplogroup S (mtDNA), Haplogroup S-B254, Haplogroup T (mtDNA), Haplogroup T-M184, Haplogroup U (mtDNA), Haplogroup V (mtDNA), Haplogroup W (mtDNA), Haplogroup X (mtDNA), Haplogroup Y (mtDNA), Haplogroup Z, Haplotype, Human evolutionary genetics, Human genetics, Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup, Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, Iberian Peninsula, International HapMap Project, Iranian Plateau, Khoisan, Kinship, List of genetic genealogy topics, List of haplogroups of historic people, Mal'ta–Buret' culture, Matrilineality, Meiosis, Mitochondrial DNA, Mitochondrial Eve, Mitochondrion, Molecular evolution, Molecular phylogenetics, Morphology (biology), Most recent common ancestor, Mutation, Mutation rate, Myanmar, Natural selection, Nature Genetics, Nilotic peoples, Northeast Caucasian languages, Nucleic acid sequence, Oman, Organelle, Pakistan, Paragroup, Patrilineality, Ploidy, Population bottleneck, Population genetics, Pygmy peoples, Race (biology), Race (human categorization), Sami people, Set (mathematics), Sexual reproduction, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Socotra, Sperm, Subclade, Subset, Symbiogenesis, Symbiosis, Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Turkic peoples, Uralic peoples, Vietnam, X chromosome, XY sex-determination system, Y chromosome, Y-chromosomal Adam. Expand index (111 more) »
Allele
An allele is a variant form of a given gene.
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Angiopolybia pallens
Angiopolybia pallens is a species of social wasps predominantly found in South America.
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Australasia
Australasia, a region of Oceania, comprises Australia, New Zealand, neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean and, sometimes, the island of New Guinea (which is usually considered to be part of Melanesia).
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Autosome
An autosome is a chromosome that is not an allosome (a sex chromosome).
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Bamar people
The Bamar (also historically the Burmese and Burmans) are the dominant ethnic group in Myanmar.
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Before Present
Before Present (BP) years is a time scale used mainly in geology and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred in the past.
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Cell division
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells.
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Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
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Chromosomal crossover
Chromosomal crossover (or crossing over) is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that results in recombinant chromosomes during sexual reproduction.
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Chromosome
A chromosome (from Ancient Greek: χρωμόσωμα, chromosoma, chroma means colour, soma means body) is a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material (genome) of an organism.
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Cytoplasm
In cell biology, the cytoplasm is the material within a living cell, excluding the cell nucleus.
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Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.
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Dagestan
The Republic of Dagestan (Респу́блика Дагеста́н), or simply Dagestan (or; Дагеста́н), is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia, located in the North Caucasus region.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Founder effect
In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population.
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Gene
In biology, a gene is a sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a molecule that has a function.
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Genealogical DNA test
A genealogical DNA test is a DNA-based test which looks at specific locations of a person's genome in order to determine ancestral ethnicity and genealogical relationships.
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Genetic drift
Genetic drift (also known as allelic drift or the Sewall Wright effect) is the change in the frequency of an existing gene variant (allele) in a population due to random sampling of organisms.
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Genetic genealogy
Genetic genealogy is the use of DNA testing in combination with traditional genealogical methods to infer relationships between individuals and find ancestors.
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Genetic recombination
Genetic recombination (aka genetic reshuffling) is the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent.
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity in living organisms.
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Greece
No description.
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Group
A Group is a number of people or things that are located, gathered, or classed together.
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Hadza people
The Hadza, or Hadzabe, are an indigenous ethnic group in north-central Tanzania, living around Lake Eyasi in the central Rift Valley and in the neighboring Serengeti Plateau.
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Haplogroup A (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup A is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup A is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup B (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, haplogroup B is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup B-M60
Haplogroup B (B-M60) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup common to paternal lineages in Africa.
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Haplogroup C (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup C is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup C-M130
Haplogroup C is a major Y-chromosome haplogroup, defined by UEPs M130/RPS4Y711, P184, P255, and P260, which are all SNP mutations.
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Haplogroup CZ (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, the Haplogroup CZ is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup D (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup D is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup D-M174
In human genetics, Haplogroup D-M174 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.
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Haplogroup DE
Haplogroup DE is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup E (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, haplogroup E is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup typical for the Malay Archipelago.
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Haplogroup E-M215 (Y-DNA)
E-M215, also known as E1b1b and formerly E3b, is a major human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup E-M96
Haplogroup E-M96 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup E-V38
Haplogroup E-V38 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup F (mtDNA)
Haplogroup F is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup F-M89
Haplogroup F, also known as F-M89 and previously as Haplogroup FT is a very common Y-chromosome haplogroup.
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Haplogroup G (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup G is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup G-M201
Haplogroup G (M201) is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup.
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Haplogroup H (mtDNA)
Haplogroup H is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup H (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup H (Y-DNA), also known as H-L901/M2939 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup.
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Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)
Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup I (mtDNA)
Haplogroup I is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup I-M170
Haplogroup I (M170) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup I-M253
Haplogroup I-M253, also known as I1, is a Y chromosome haplogroup.
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Haplogroup I-M438
Haplogroup I-M438, also known as I2 (and until 2007 as I1b), is a human DNA Y-chromosome haplogroup, a subclade of Haplogroup I-M170.
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Haplogroup IJ
Haplogroup IJ (M429/P125) is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup, an immediate descendant of Haplogroup IJK (formerly known as Haplogroup F-L15).
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Haplogroup IJK
Haplogroup IJK is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup J (mtDNA)
Haplogroup J is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup J (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup J-M304, also known as J, (2 February 2016).
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Haplogroup J-M172
In human genetics, Haplogroup J-M172 or J2 is a Y-chromosome haplogroup which is a subclade (branch) of haplogroup J-P209.
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Haplogroup J-M267
In Genetic genealogy and human genetics, Y DNA haplogroup J-M267, also commonly known as Haplogroup J1 is a subclade (branch) of Y-DNA haplogroup J-P209, (commonly known as Haplogroup J) along with its sibling clade Y DNA haplogroup J-M172 (commonly known as Haplogroup J2).
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Haplogroup JT (mtDNA)
Haplogroup JT is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup K (mtDNA)
Haplogroup K is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup K-M9
Haplogroup K or K-M9 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup K2
Haplogroup K2, also known as K-M526 and formerly known as K(xLT) and MNOPS, is a human Y-DNA Haplogroup.
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Haplogroup L-M20
Haplogroup L-M20 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, which is defined by SNPs M11, M20, M61 and M185.
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Haplogroup L0 (mtDNA)
Haplogroup L0 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup L1 (mtDNA)
Haplogroup L1 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup L2 (mtDNA)
Haplogroup L2 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup with a widespread modern distribution, particularly in Subequatorial Africa.
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Haplogroup L3 (mtDNA)
Haplogroup L3 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup L4 (mtDNA)
Haplogroup L4 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup L5 (mtDNA)
Haplogroup L5 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade.
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Haplogroup L6 (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup L6 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup LT
Haplogroup LT or L298/P326, also known as K1 (and previously as Haplogroup K2), is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup M (mtDNA)
Haplogroup M is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup M-P256
Haplogroup M, also known as M-P256 and Haplogroup K2b1b (previously K2b1d) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup N (mtDNA)
Haplogroup N is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) clade.
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Haplogroup N-M231
Haplogroup N (M231) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup defined by the presence of the SNP marker M231.
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Haplogroup NO
· Haplogroup NO (M214/Page39; F176/M2314; CTS5858/M2325/F346; CTS11572), also known as NO-M214 and NO1, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup O-M119
In human genetics, Haplogroup O-M119 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup O-M122
In human population genetics, haplogroups define the major lineages of direct paternal (male) lines back to a shared common ancestor in Africa.
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Haplogroup O-M175
Haplogroup O, also known as O-M175, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup O-M268
In human genetics, Haplogroup O-M268, also known as O1b, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup P (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup P is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup P (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup P also known as P-P295 and K2b2 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup in human genetics.
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Haplogroup pre-JT
Haplogroup pre-JT is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup (mtDNA).
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Haplogroup Q (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, haplogroup Q is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup typical for Oceania.
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Haplogroup Q-M242
Haplogroup Q or Q-M242 is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. It has one primary subclade, Haplogroup Q1 (L232/S432), which includes numerous subclades that have been sampled and identified in males among modern populations. Q-M242 is the predominant Y-DNA haplogroup among Native Americans and several peoples of Central Asia and Northern Siberia. It is also the predominant Y-DNA of the Akha tribe in northern Thailand and the Dayak people of Indonesia.
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Haplogroup Q-M3
Haplogroup Q-M3 (Y-DNA) is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup R (mtDNA)
Haplogroup R is a widely distributed human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup R or R-M207, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup R0 (mtDNA)
Haplogroup R0 (formerly known as haplogroup pre-HV) is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup R1
Haplogroup R1, or R-M173, is a Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup R1a
Haplogroup R1a, or haplogroup R-M420, is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup which is distributed in a large region in Eurasia, extending from Scandinavia and Central Europe to southern Siberia and South Asia.
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Haplogroup R1b
Haplogroup R1b (R-M343), also known as Hg1 and Eu18, is a human Y-chromosome haplogroup.
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Haplogroup R2
Haplogroup R2, or R-M479, is a Y-chromosome haplogroup characterized by genetic marker M479.
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Haplogroup S (mtDNA)
In human genetics, Haplogroup S is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup S-B254
Haplogroup S also known as S-B254 is a human Y-DNA haplogroup, defined by the SNPs B254 and Z33355.
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Haplogroup T (mtDNA)
Haplogroup T is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup T-M184
Haplogroup T-M184, also known as Haplogroup T is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup U (mtDNA)
Haplogroup U is a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup (mtDNA).
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Haplogroup V (mtDNA)
Haplogroup V is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup W (mtDNA)
Haplogroup W is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup X (mtDNA)
Haplogroup X is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup Y (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Y is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplogroup Z
In human mitochondrial genetics, Haplogroup Z is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Haplotype
A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent.
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Human evolutionary genetics
Human evolutionary genetics studies how one human genome differs from another human genome, the evolutionary past that gave rise to it, and its current effects.
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Human genetics
Human genetics is the study of inheritance as it occurs in human beings.
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Human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup
In human genetics, a human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by differences in human mitochondrial DNA.
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Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup
In human genetics, a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup is a haplogroup defined by mutations in the non-recombining portions of DNA from the Y-chromosome (called Y-DNA).
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Iberian Peninsula
The Iberian Peninsula, also known as Iberia, is located in the southwest corner of Europe.
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International HapMap Project
The International HapMap Project was an organization that aimed to develop a haplotype map (HapMap) of the human genome, to describe the common patterns of human genetic variation.
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Iranian Plateau
The Iranian Plateau or the Persian Plateau is a geological formation in Western Asia and Central Asia.
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Khoisan
Khoisan, or according to the contemporary Khoekhoegowab orthography Khoesān (pronounced), is an artificial catch-all name for the so-called "non-Bantu" indigenous peoples of Southern Africa, combining the Khoekhoen (formerly "Khoikhoi") and the Sān or Sākhoen (also, in Afrikaans: Boesmans, or in English: Bushmen, after Dutch Boschjesmens; and Saake in the Nǁng language).
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Kinship
In anthropology, kinship is the web of social relationships that form an important part of the lives of all humans in all societies, although its exact meanings even within this discipline are often debated.
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List of genetic genealogy topics
This is a list of genetic genealogy topics.
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List of haplogroups of historic people
This is a list of haplogroups of historic people.
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Mal'ta–Buret' culture
The Mal'ta–Buret' culture is an archaeological culture of the Upper Paleolithic (c. 24,000 to 15,000 BP) on the upper Angara River in the area west of Lake Baikal in the Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russian Federation.
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Matrilineality
Matrilineality is the tracing of descent through the female line.
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Meiosis
Meiosis (from Greek μείωσις, meiosis, which means lessening) is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, creating four haploid cells, each genetically distinct from the parent cell that gave rise to them.
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Mitochondrial DNA
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA or mDNA) is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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Mitochondrial Eve
In human genetics, the Mitochondrial Eve (also mt-Eve, mt-MRCA) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all currently living humans, i.e., the most recent woman from whom all living humans descend in an unbroken line purely through their mothers, and through the mothers of those mothers, back until all lines converge on one woman.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Molecular evolution
Molecular evolution is the process of change in the sequence composition of cellular molecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins across generations.
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Molecular phylogenetics
Molecular phylogenetics is the branch of phylogeny that analyzes genetic, hereditary molecular differences, predominately in DNA sequences, to gain information on an organism's evolutionary relationships.
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Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
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Most recent common ancestor
In biology and genealogy, the most recent common ancestor (MRCA, also last common ancestor (LCA), or concestor) of any set of organisms is the most recent individual from which all the organisms are directly descended.
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Mutation
In biology, a mutation is the permanent alteration of the nucleotide sequence of the genome of an organism, virus, or extrachromosomal DNA or other genetic elements.
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Mutation rate
In genetics, the mutation rate is the frequency of new mutations in a single gene or organism over time.
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Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.
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Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
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Nature Genetics
Nature Genetics is a scientific journal founded as part of the ''Nature'' family of journals in 1992.
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Nilotic peoples
The Nilotic peoples are peoples indigenous to the Nile Valley who speak Nilotic languages, which constitute a large sub-group of the Nilo-Saharan languages spoken in South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, and northern Tanzania.
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Northeast Caucasian languages
The Northeast Caucasian languages, or Nakh-Daghestanian languages, are a language family spoken in the Russian republics of Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia and in northern Azerbaijan as well as in diaspora populations in Western Europe, Turkey and the Middle East.
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Nucleic acid sequence
A nucleic acid sequence is a succession of letters that indicate the order of nucleotides forming alleles within a DNA (using GACT) or RNA (GACU) molecule.
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Oman
Oman (عمان), officially the Sultanate of Oman (سلطنة عُمان), is an Arab country on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia.
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Organelle
In cell biology, an organelle is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, in which their function is vital for the cell to live.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.
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Paragroup
Paragroup is a term used in population genetics to describe lineages within a haplogroup that are not defined by any additional unique markers.
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Patrilineality
Patrilineality, also known as the male line, the spear side or agnatic kinship, is a common kinship system in which an individual's family membership derives from and is recorded through his or her father's lineage.
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Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
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Population bottleneck
A population bottleneck or genetic bottleneck is a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (such as earthquakes, floods, fires, disease, or droughts) or human activities (such as genocide).
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Population genetics
Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology.
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Pygmy peoples
In anthropology, pygmy peoples are ethnic groups whose average height is unusually short.
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Race (biology)
In biological taxonomy, race is an informal rank in the taxonomic hierarchy, below the level of subspecies.
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Race (human categorization)
A race is a grouping of humans based on shared physical or social qualities into categories generally viewed as distinct by society.
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Sami people
The Sami people (also known as the Sámi or the Saami) are a Finno-Ugric people inhabiting Sápmi, which today encompasses large parts of Norway and Sweden, northern parts of Finland, and the Murmansk Oblast of Russia.
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Set (mathematics)
In mathematics, a set is a collection of distinct objects, considered as an object in its own right.
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Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together, involving a female's large ovum (or egg) and a male's smaller sperm.
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Single-nucleotide polymorphism
A single-nucleotide polymorphism, often abbreviated to SNP (plural), is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population (e.g. > 1%).
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Socotra
Socotra سُقُطْرَى Suqadara, also called Soqotra, located between the Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Sea, is the largest of four islands of the Socotra archipelago.
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Sperm
Sperm is the male reproductive cell and is derived from the Greek word (σπέρμα) sperma (meaning "seed").
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Subclade
In genetics, a subclade is a subgroup of a haplogroup.
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Subset
In mathematics, a set A is a subset of a set B, or equivalently B is a superset of A, if A is "contained" inside B, that is, all elements of A are also elements of B. A and B may coincide.
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Symbiogenesis
Symbiogenesis, or endosymbiotic theory, is an evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms, first articulated in 1905 and 1910 by the Russian botanist Konstantin Mereschkowski, and advanced and substantiated with microbiological evidence by Lynn Margulis in 1967.
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Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
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Taiwanese indigenous peoples
Taiwanese indigenous peoples or formerly Taiwanese aborigines, Formosan people, Austronesian Taiwanese or Gaoshan people are the indigenous peoples of Taiwan, who number nearly 530,000 or 2.3% of the island's population, or more than 800,000 people, considering the potential recognition of Taiwanese Plain Indigenous Peoples officially in the future.
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Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethno-linguistic groups of Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Asia as well as parts of Europe and North Africa.
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Uralic peoples
The Uralic peoples or Uralic speaking peoples are the peoples speaking Uralic languages, divided into two large groups: Finno-Ugric peoples and Samoyedic peoples.
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Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.
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X chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes (allosomes) in many organisms, including mammals (the other is the Y chromosome), and is found in both males and females.
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XY sex-determination system
The XY sex-determination system is the sex-determination system found in humans, most other mammals, some insects (Drosophila), some snakes, and some plants (Ginkgo).
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Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes (allosomes) in mammals, including humans, and many other animals.
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Y-chromosomal Adam
In human genetics, the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (Y-MRCA, informally known as Y-chromosomal Adam) is the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) from whom all currently living men are descended patrilineally.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup
