Table of Contents
359 relations: Abjad, Ablative case, Abraham, Abraham Garton, Abraham Geiger, Abraham ibn Ezra, Academy of the Hebrew Language, Accusative case, Achaemenid Empire, Acrophony, Adposition, Afroasiatic languages, Aggadah, Ahad Ha'am, Akkadian language, Akram Hasson, Albert Einstein, Aleph, Aleppo Codex, American Jews, Amihai Mazar, Amoraim, Analytic language, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Ancient Rome, Arabian Desert, Arabic, Arabic alphabet, Arabic grammar, Arabs, Aramaic, Aramaic alphabet, Archaeology of Israel, Article (grammar), Ashgate Publishing, Ashkenazi Hebrew, Assyria, Avraham Danzig, Ayin, Baal keriah, Babylon, Babylonia, Babylonian captivity, Bar Kokhba revolt, Baraita, BBC Online, Begadkefat, Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park, Ben-Yehuda Dictionary, ... Expand index (309 more) »
- Canaanite languages
- Fusional languages
- Hebrews
- Jewish languages
- Languages attested from the 10th century BC
- Languages of Israel
Abjad
An abjad (أبجد), also abgad, is a writing system in which only consonants are represented, leaving the vowel sounds to be inferred by the reader.
Ablative case
In grammar, the ablative case (pronounced; sometimes abbreviated) is a grammatical case for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives in the grammars of various languages; it is sometimes used to express motion away from something, among other uses.
See Hebrew language and Ablative case
Abraham
Abraham (originally Abram) is the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
See Hebrew language and Abraham
Abraham Garton
Abraham Garton was a Jewish printer who printed the first dated Hebrew book in Europe in 1475.
See Hebrew language and Abraham Garton
Abraham Geiger
Abraham Geiger (Hebrew: אַבְרָהָם גַיְיגֶר ʼAvrāhām Gayger; 24 May 181023 October 1874) was a German rabbi and scholar who is considered the founding father of Reform Judaism and the academic field of Quranic studies.
See Hebrew language and Abraham Geiger
Abraham ibn Ezra
Abraham ben Meir Ibn Ezra (ר׳ אַבְרָהָם בֶּן מֵאִיר אִבְּן עֶזְרָא ʾAḇrāhām ben Mēʾīr ʾībən ʾĒzrāʾ, often abbreviated as; إبراهيمالمجيد ابن عزرا Ibrāhim al-Mājid ibn Ezra; also known as Abenezra or simply Ibn Ezra, 1089 / 1092 – 27 January 1164 / 23 January 1167)Jewish Encyclopedia; Chambers Biographical Dictionary gives the dates 1092/93 – 1167 was one of the most distinguished Jewish biblical commentators and philosophers of the Middle Ages.
See Hebrew language and Abraham ibn Ezra
Academy of the Hebrew Language
The Academy of the Hebrew Language (הָאָקָדֶמְיָה לַלָּשׁוֹן הָעִבְרִית, ha-akademyah la-lashon ha-ivrit) was established by the Israeli government in 1953 as the "supreme institution for scholarship on the Hebrew language in the Hebrew University of Jerusalem of Givat Ram campus." Its stated aims are to assemble and research the Hebrew language in all its layers throughout the ages; to investigate the origin and development of the Hebrew tongue; and to direct the course of development of Hebrew, in all areas, including vocabulary, grammar, writing, spelling, and transliteration.
See Hebrew language and Academy of the Hebrew Language
Accusative case
In grammar, the accusative case (abbreviated) of a noun is the grammatical case used to receive the direct object of a transitive verb.
See Hebrew language and Accusative case
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Hebrew language and Achaemenid Empire
Acrophony
Acrophony (lit + φωνή phone 'sound') is the naming of letters of an alphabetic writing system so that a letter's name begins with the letter itself.
See Hebrew language and Acrophony
Adposition
Adpositions are a class of words used to express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, behind, ago, etc.) or mark various semantic roles (of, for).
See Hebrew language and Adposition
Afroasiatic languages
The Afroasiatic languages (or Afro-Asiatic, sometimes Afrasian), also known as Hamito-Semitic or Semito-Hamitic, are a language family (or "phylum") of about 400 languages spoken predominantly in West Asia, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and parts of the Sahara and Sahel.
See Hebrew language and Afroasiatic languages
Aggadah
Aggadah (אַגָּדָה ʾAggāḏā or Haggāḏā; Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: אַגָּדְתָא ʾAggāḏəṯāʾ; "tales, fairytale, lore") is the non-legalistic exegesis which appears in the classical rabbinic literature of Judaism, particularly the Talmud and Midrash.
See Hebrew language and Aggadah
Ahad Ha'am
Asher Zvi Hirsch Ginsberg (18 August 1856 – 2 January 1927), primarily known by his Hebrew name and pen name Ahad Ha'am (אחד העם, lit. 'one of the people'), was a Hebrew journalist and essayist, and one of the foremost pre-state Zionist thinkers.
See Hebrew language and Ahad Ha'am
Akkadian language
Akkadian (translit)John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages.
See Hebrew language and Akkadian language
Akram Hasson
Akram Hasson (أكرمحسون, אכרם חסון, born 2 July 1959) is an Israeli Druze politician who served as a member of the Knesset in several spells from 2012 to 2019, first as an MK for Kadima between 2012 and 2013, and then as an MK for Kulanu from 2016 to 2019.
See Hebrew language and Akram Hasson
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist who is widely held as one of the most influential scientists. Best known for developing the theory of relativity, Einstein also made important contributions to quantum mechanics. His mass–energy equivalence formula, which arises from relativity theory, has been called "the world's most famous equation".
See Hebrew language and Albert Einstein
Aleph
Aleph (or alef or alif, transliterated ʾ) is the first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ʾālep 𐤀, Hebrew ʾālef א, Aramaic ʾālap 𐡀, Syriac ʾālap̄ ܐ, Arabic ʾalif ا, and North Arabian 𐪑.
Aleppo Codex
The Aleppo Codex (כֶּתֶר אֲרָם צוֹבָא, romanized:, lit. 'Crown of Aleppo') is a medieval bound manuscript of the Hebrew Bible.
See Hebrew language and Aleppo Codex
American Jews
American Jews or Jewish Americans are American citizens who are Jewish, whether by culture, ethnicity, or religion.
See Hebrew language and American Jews
Amihai Mazar
Amihai "Ami" Mazar (עמיחי מזר; born November 19, 1942) is an Israeli archaeologist.
See Hebrew language and Amihai Mazar
Amoraim
Amoraim (אמוראים, singular Amora אמורא; "those who say" or "those who speak over the people", or "spokesmen") refers to Jewish scholars of the period from about 200 to 500 CE, who "said" or "told over" the teachings of the Oral Torah.
See Hebrew language and Amoraim
Analytic language
An analytic language is a type of natural language in which a series of root/stem words is accompanied by prepositions, postpositions, particles and modifiers, using affixes very rarely.
See Hebrew language and Analytic language
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
See Hebrew language and Ancient Greece
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
See Hebrew language and Ancient Greek
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
See Hebrew language and Ancient Rome
Arabian Desert
The Arabian Desert (ٱلصَّحْرَاء ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة) is a vast desert wilderness in West Asia that occupies almost the entire Arabian Peninsula with an area of.
See Hebrew language and Arabian Desert
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world. Hebrew language and Arabic are Fusional languages, languages of Israel and verb–subject–object languages.
See Hebrew language and Arabic
Arabic alphabet
The Arabic alphabet (الْأَبْجَدِيَّة الْعَرَبِيَّة, or الْحُرُوف الْعَرَبِيَّة), or Arabic abjad, is the Arabic script as specifically codified for writing the Arabic language.
See Hebrew language and Arabic alphabet
Arabic grammar
Arabic grammar (النَّحْوُ العَرَبِيُّ) is the grammar of the Arabic language.
See Hebrew language and Arabic grammar
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
Aramaic
Aramaic (ˀərāmiṯ; arāmāˀiṯ) is a Northwest Semitic language that originated in the ancient region of Syria and quickly spread to Mesopotamia, the southern Levant, southeastern Anatolia, Eastern Arabia and the Sinai Peninsula, where it has been continually written and spoken in different varieties for over three thousand years. Hebrew language and Aramaic are languages attested from the 10th century BC.
See Hebrew language and Aramaic
Aramaic alphabet
The ancient Aramaic alphabet was used to write the Aramaic languages spoken by ancient Aramean pre-Christian tribes throughout the Fertile Crescent.
See Hebrew language and Aramaic alphabet
Archaeology of Israel
The archaeology of Israel is the study of the archaeology of the present-day Israel, stretching from prehistory through three millennia of documented history.
See Hebrew language and Archaeology of Israel
Article (grammar)
In grammar, an article is any member of a class of dedicated words that are used with noun phrases to mark the identifiability of the referents of the noun phrases.
See Hebrew language and Article (grammar)
Ashgate Publishing
Ashgate Publishing was an academic book and journal publisher based in Farnham (Surrey, United Kingdom).
See Hebrew language and Ashgate Publishing
Ashkenazi Hebrew
Ashkenazi Hebrew (hagiyoh ashkenazis, ashkenazishe havore) is the pronunciation system for Biblical and Mishnaic Hebrew favored for Jewish liturgical use and Torah study by Ashkenazi Jewish practice.
See Hebrew language and Ashkenazi Hebrew
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC.
See Hebrew language and Assyria
Avraham Danzig
Avraham Danzig (ben Yehiel Michael, 1748—1820; אברהם דנציג) was a rabbi, posek (legal decisor) and codifier, best known as the author of the works of Jewish law called Chayei Adam and Chochmat Adam.
See Hebrew language and Avraham Danzig
Ayin
Ayin (also ayn or ain; transliterated) is the sixteenth letter of the Semitic scripts, including Phoenician ʿayin 𐤏, Hebrew ʿayin ע, Aramaic ʿē 𐡏, Syriac ʿē ܥ, and Arabic ʿayn ع (where it is sixteenth in abjadi order only).
Baal keriah
A baal keriah (Hebrew:, 'master of the reading'), colloquially called the baal korei (Hebrew:, 'master-reader'), is a member of a Jewish congregation who reads from the Sefer Torah during the service.
See Hebrew language and Baal keriah
Babylon
Babylon was an ancient city located on the lower Euphrates river in southern Mesopotamia, within modern-day Hillah, Iraq, about 85 kilometers (55 miles) south of modern day Baghdad.
See Hebrew language and Babylon
Babylonia
Babylonia (𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).
See Hebrew language and Babylonia
Babylonian captivity
The Babylonian captivity or Babylonian exile was the period in Jewish history during which a large number of Judeans from the ancient Kingdom of Judah were forcibly relocated to Babylonia by the Neo-Babylonian Empire.
See Hebrew language and Babylonian captivity
Bar Kokhba revolt
The Bar Kokhba revolt (מֶרֶד בַּר כּוֹכְבָא) was a large-scale armed rebellion initiated by the Jews of Judea, led by Simon bar Kokhba, against the Roman Empire in 132 CE.
See Hebrew language and Bar Kokhba revolt
Baraita
Baraita (translit "external" or "outside"; pl. bārayāṯā or in Hebrew baraitot; also baraitha, beraita; Ashkenazi pronunciation: berayse) designates a tradition in the Oral Torah of Rabbinical Judaism that is not incorporated in the Mishnah.
See Hebrew language and Baraita
BBC Online
BBC Online, formerly known as BBCi, is the BBC's online service.
See Hebrew language and BBC Online
Begadkefat
Begadkefat (also begedkefet) is the phenomenon of lenition affecting the non-emphatic stop consonants of Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic when they are preceded by a vowel and not geminated.
See Hebrew language and Begadkefat
Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park
Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park is a national park in central Israel, containing a large network of caves recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.
See Hebrew language and Beit Guvrin-Maresha National Park
Ben-Yehuda Dictionary
The Ben-Yehuda Dictionary is a historical Hebrew dictionary.
See Hebrew language and Ben-Yehuda Dictionary
Bernard Spolsky
Bernard Spolsky (born in Wellington, New Zealand 11 February 1932; died in Jerusalem, Israel 20 August 2022) was a professor emeritus in linguistics at Bar-Ilan University (Israel), specializing in sociolinguistics, educational linguistics, and applied linguistics.
See Hebrew language and Bernard Spolsky
Bet (letter)
Bet, Beth, Beh, or Vet is the second letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician bēt 𐤁, Hebrew bēt ב, Aramaic bēṯ 𐡁, Syriac bēṯ ܒ, and Arabic bāʾ ب.
See Hebrew language and Bet (letter)
Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.
Biblical Hebrew
Biblical Hebrew (rtl ʿīḇrîṯ miqrāʾîṯ or rtl ləšôn ham-miqrāʾ), also called Classical Hebrew, is an archaic form of the Hebrew language, a language in the Canaanitic branch of the Semitic languages spoken by the Israelites in the area known as the Land of Israel, roughly west of the Jordan River and east of the Mediterranean Sea. Hebrew language and Biblical Hebrew are Canaanite languages and languages attested from the 10th century BC.
See Hebrew language and Biblical Hebrew
Blasphemy
Blasphemy refers to an insult that shows contempt, disrespect or lack of reverence concerning a deity, an object considered sacred, or something considered inviolable.
See Hebrew language and Blasphemy
Book of Isaiah
The Book of Isaiah (ספר ישעיהו) is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Major Prophets in the Christian Old Testament.
See Hebrew language and Book of Isaiah
Book of Sirach
The Book of Sirach is an apocryphal Jewish work, originally written in Biblical Hebrew.
See Hebrew language and Book of Sirach
Books of Kings
The Book of Kings (Sēfer Məlāḵīm) is a book in the Hebrew Bible, found as two books (1–2 Kings) in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
See Hebrew language and Books of Kings
Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)
Bukharian (autonym: Bukhori, Hebrew script: בוכארי, Cyrillic: бухорӣ, Latin: Buxorī) is a Judeo-Persian dialect historically spoken by the Bukharan Jews of Central Asia.
See Hebrew language and Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)
Calabria
Calabria is a region in southern Italy.
See Hebrew language and Calabria
Calque
In linguistics, a calque or loan translation is a word or phrase borrowed from another language by literal word-for-word or root-for-root translation.
See Hebrew language and Calque
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Hebrew language and Cambridge University Press
Canaan
Canaan (Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 –; כְּנַעַן –, in pausa כְּנָעַן –; Χανααν –;The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta: id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes.
See Hebrew language and Canaan
Canaanite languages
The Canaanite languages, sometimes referred to as Canaanite dialects, are one of three subgroups of the Northwest Semitic languages, the others being Aramaic and Amorite.
See Hebrew language and Canaanite languages
Central Semitic languages
Central Semitic languages are one of the three groups of West Semitic languages, alongside Modern South Arabian languages and Ethiopian Semitic languages.
See Hebrew language and Central Semitic languages
Chaim Menachem Rabin
Chaim Menachem Rabin (חיים מנחם רבין; 1915–1996) was a German, then British, and finally Israeli professor of Hebrew and Semitic languages.
See Hebrew language and Chaim Menachem Rabin
Chayei Adam
Chayei Adam (חיי אדם "The Life of Man") is a work of Jewish law by Rabbi Avraham Danzig (1748–1820), dealing with the laws discussed in the Orach Chayim section of the Shulchan Aruch.
See Hebrew language and Chayei Adam
Christian Palestinian Aramaic
Christian Palestinian Aramaic was a Western Aramaic dialect used by the Melkite Christian community, probably of Jewish descent, in Palestine, Transjordan and Sinai between the fifth and thirteenth centuries.
See Hebrew language and Christian Palestinian Aramaic
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
See Hebrew language and Christianity
Classical Arabic
Classical Arabic or Quranic Arabic (the most eloquent classic Arabic) is the standardized literary form of Arabic used from the 7th century and throughout the Middle Ages onwards, having succeeded the Paleo-Arabic script. Hebrew language and Classical Arabic are verb–subject–object languages.
See Hebrew language and Classical Arabic
Clitic
In morphology and syntax, a clitic (backformed from Greek ἐγκλιτικός "leaning" or "enclitic"Crystal, David. A First Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Boulder, CO: Westview, 1980. Print.) is a morpheme that has syntactic characteristics of a word, but depends phonologically on another word or phrase.
See Hebrew language and Clitic
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.
See Hebrew language and Common Era
Conjunction (grammar)
In grammar, a conjunction (abbreviated or) is a part of speech that connects words, phrases, or clauses that are called the conjuncts of the conjunctions.
See Hebrew language and Conjunction (grammar)
Construct state
In Afro-Asiatic languages, the first noun in a genitive phrase that consists of a possessed noun followed by a possessor noun often takes on a special morphological form, which is termed the construct state (Latin status constructus).
See Hebrew language and Construct state
Copper Scroll
The Copper Scroll (3Q15) is one of the Dead Sea Scrolls found in Cave 3 near Khirbet Qumran, but differs significantly from the others.
See Hebrew language and Copper Scroll
Copula (linguistics)
In linguistics, a copula /‘kɑpjələ/ (copulas or copulae; abbreviated) is a word or phrase that links the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, such as the word is in the sentence "The sky is blue" or the phrase was not being in the sentence "It was not being cooperative." The word copula derives from the Latin noun for a "link" or "tie" that connects two different things.
See Hebrew language and Copula (linguistics)
Cursive Hebrew
Cursive Hebrew (כתב עברי רהוט, "flowing Hebrew writing", or כתב יד עברי, "Hebrew handwriting", often called simply כתב, "writing") is a collective designation for several styles of handwriting the Hebrew alphabet.
See Hebrew language and Cursive Hebrew
Cyrus the Great
Cyrus II of Persia (𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.
See Hebrew language and Cyrus the Great
Dalet
Dalet (also spelled Daleth or Daled) is the fourth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician dālt 𐤃, Hebrew dālet ד, Aramaic dālaṯ 𐡃, Syriac dālaṯ ܕ, and Arabic dāl د (in abjadi order; 8th in modern order).
Dative case
In grammar, the dative case (abbreviated, or sometimes when it is a core argument) is a grammatical case used in some languages to indicate the recipient or beneficiary of an action, as in "", Latin for "Maria gave Jacob a drink".
See Hebrew language and Dative case
David
David ("beloved one") was a king of ancient Israel and Judah and the third king of the United Monarchy, according to the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament.
David Ben-Gurion
David Ben-Gurion (דָּוִד בֶּן־גּוּרִיּוֹן; born David Grün; 16 October 1886 – 1 December 1973) was the primary national founder of the State of Israel as well as its first prime minister.
See Hebrew language and David Ben-Gurion
David Kimhi
''Cervera Bible'', David Kimhi's Grammar Treatise David Kimhi (ר׳ דָּוִד קִמְחִי, also Kimchi or Qimḥi) (1160–1235), also known by the Hebrew acronym as the RaDaK (רַדָּ״ק) (Rabbi David Kimhi), was a medieval rabbi, biblical commentator, philosopher, and grammarian.
See Hebrew language and David Kimhi
Dead Sea Scrolls
The Dead Sea Scrolls, also called the Qumran Caves Scrolls, are a set of ancient Jewish manuscripts from the Second Temple period.
See Hebrew language and Dead Sea Scrolls
Deborah
According to the Book of Judges, Deborah (דְּבוֹרָה, Dəḇōrā) was a prophetess of Judaism, the fourth Judge of pre-monarchic Israel and the only female judge mentioned in the Hebrew Bible.
See Hebrew language and Deborah
Dunash ben Labrat
Dunash ha-Levi ben Labrat (920/925 – after 985) (ר׳ דוֹנָש הַלֵּוִי בֵּן לָבְּרָט; دناش بن لبراط) was a medieval Jewish commentator, poet, and grammarian of the Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain.
See Hebrew language and Dunash ben Labrat
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is a subregion of the European continent.
See Hebrew language and Eastern Europe
Ełk
Ełk (former Łek; Lyck; Old Prussian: Luks; Yotvingian: Lukas), also seen absent Polish diacritics as Elk, is a city in northeastern Poland with 61,677 inhabitants as of December 2021.
Eber
Eber (ʿĒḇer; Éber; ʿĀbir) is an ancestor of the Ishmaelites and the Israelites according to the Generations of Noah in the Book of Genesis and the Books of Chronicles.
Edomite language
Edomite was a Northwest Semitic Canaanite language, very similar to Biblical Hebrew, Ekronite, Ammonite, Phoenician, Amorite and Sutean, spoken by the Edomites in southwestern Jordan and parts of Israel in the 2nd and 1st millennium BCE. Hebrew language and Edomite language are Canaanite languages.
See Hebrew language and Edomite language
Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt for writing the Egyptian language.
See Hebrew language and Egyptian hieroglyphs
Ejective consonant
In phonetics, ejective consonants are usually voiceless consonants that are pronounced with a glottalic egressive airstream.
See Hebrew language and Ejective consonant
Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
Eliezer Ben‑Yehuda (born Eliezer Yitzhak Perlman; 7 January 1858 – 16 December 1922) was a Russian-Jewish linguist, lexicographer, and journalist.
See Hebrew language and Eliezer Ben-Yehuda
Elisha Qimron
Elisha Qimron (born 5 February 1943) is an academic who studies ancient Hebrew.
See Hebrew language and Elisha Qimron
Endonym and exonym
An endonym (also known as autonym) is a common, native name for a group of people, individual person, geographical place, language or dialect, meaning that it is used inside a particular group or linguistic community to identify or designate themselves, their homeland, or their language.
See Hebrew language and Endonym and exonym
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain. Hebrew language and English language are Fusional languages.
See Hebrew language and English language
Ephraim Kholmyansky
Ephraim (Alexander) Kholmyansky (born 1950, in Moscow) is an Israeli refusenik, activist in the Jewish revival movement in Russia, and teacher of Hebrew.
See Hebrew language and Ephraim Kholmyansky
Etruscan civilization
The Etruscan civilization was an ancient civilization created by the Etruscans, a people who inhabited Etruria in ancient Italy, with a common language and culture who formed a federation of city-states.
See Hebrew language and Etruscan civilization
Euphrates
The Euphrates (see below) is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia.
See Hebrew language and Euphrates
ʿApiru
ʿApiru, also known in the Akkadian version Ḫabiru (sometimes written Habiru, Ḫapiru or Hapiru; Akkadian: 𒄩𒁉𒊒, ḫa-bi-ru or *ʿaperu) is a term used in 2nd-millennium BCE texts throughout the Fertile Crescent for a social status of people who were variously described as rebels, outlaws, raiders, mercenaries, bowmen, servants, slaves, and laborers. Hebrew language and ʿApiru are Hebrews.
See Hebrew language and ʿApiru
First language
A first language (L1), native language, native tongue, or mother tongue is the first language a person has been exposed to from birth or within the critical period.
See Hebrew language and First language
Foreign Service Institute
The Foreign Service Institute (FSI) is the United States federal government's primary training institution for members of the U.S. foreign service community, preparing American diplomats as well as other professionals to advance U.S. foreign policy objectives overseas and in Washington.
See Hebrew language and Foreign Service Institute
Frankfurt International School
The Frankfurt International School e.V. (FIS) is an English-language World IB day school founded in 1961 in Frankfurt, but located in Oberursel, Germany.
See Hebrew language and Frankfurt International School
French language
French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. Hebrew language and French language are Fusional languages.
See Hebrew language and French language
Functional load
In linguistics and especially phonology, functional load, or phonemic load, is the collection of words that contain a certain pronunciation feature (a phoneme) that makes distinctions between other words.
See Hebrew language and Functional load
Galilee
Galilee (hagGālīl; Galilaea; al-jalīl) is a region located in northern Israel and southern Lebanon.
See Hebrew language and Galilee
Gemara
The Gemara (also transliterated Gemarah, or in Yiddish Gemore) is an essential component of the Talmud, comprising a collection of rabbinical analyses and commentaries on the Mishnah and presented in 63 books.
See Hebrew language and Gemara
Genitive case
In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun.
See Hebrew language and Genitive case
Gezer
Gezer, or Tel Gezer (גֶּזֶר), in تل الجزر – Tell Jezar or Tell el-Jezari is an archaeological site in the foothills of the Judaean Mountains at the border of the Shfela region roughly midway between Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.
Gezer calendar
The Gezer calendar is a small limestone tablet with an early Canaanite inscription discovered in 1908 by Irish archaeologist R. A. Stewart Macalister in the ancient city of Gezer, 20 miles west of Jerusalem.
See Hebrew language and Gezer calendar
Ghayn
The Arabic letter (غَيْنْ, or) is the nineteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet, one of the six letters not in the twenty-two akin to the Phoenician alphabet (the others being). It represents the sound or.
Ghil'ad Zuckermann
Ghil'ad Zuckermann (גלעד צוקרמן) is an Israeli-born language revivalist and linguist who works in contact linguistics, lexicology and the study of language, culture and identity.
See Hebrew language and Ghil'ad Zuckermann
Gimel
Gimel is the third (in alphabetical order; fifth in spelling order) letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician gīml 𐤂, Hebrew gīmel ג, Aramaic gāmal 𐡂, Syriac gāmal ܓ, and Arabic ǧīm ج.
Gittin
Gittin (Hebrew) is a tractate of the Mishnah and the Talmud, and is part of the order of Nashim.
See Hebrew language and Gittin
Glottal stop
The glottal stop or glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound used in many spoken languages, produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract or, more precisely, the glottis.
See Hebrew language and Glottal stop
Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain
The golden age of Jewish culture in Spain, which coincided with the Middle Ages in Europe, was a period of Muslim rule during which Jews were accepted in society and Jewish religious, cultural, and economic life flourished.
See Hebrew language and Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain
Gospel of John
The Gospel of John (translit) is the fourth of the New Testament's four canonical gospels.
See Hebrew language and Gospel of John
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel of Matthew is the first book of the New Testament of the Bible and one of the three synoptic Gospels.
See Hebrew language and Gospel of Matthew
Grammatical case
A grammatical case is a category of nouns and noun modifiers (determiners, adjectives, participles, and numerals) that corresponds to one or more potential grammatical functions for a nominal group in a wording.
See Hebrew language and Grammatical case
Greek language
Greek (Elliniká,; Hellēnikḗ) is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece, Cyprus, Italy (in Calabria and Salento), southern Albania, and other regions of the Balkans, the Black Sea coast, Asia Minor, and the Eastern Mediterranean. Hebrew language and Greek language are Fusional languages.
See Hebrew language and Greek language
Gustaf Dalman
Gustaf Hermann Dalman (9 June 1855 – 19 August 1941) was a German Lutheran theologian and orientalist.
See Hebrew language and Gustaf Dalman
Guttural R
Guttural R is the phenomenon whereby a rhotic consonant (an "R-like" sound) is produced in the back of the vocal tract (usually with the uvula) rather than in the front portion thereof and thus as a guttural consonant.
See Hebrew language and Guttural R
Haifa
Haifa (Ḥēyfā,; Ḥayfā) is the third-largest city in Israel—after Jerusalem and Tel Aviv—with a population of in.
Halakha
Halakha (translit), also transliterated as halacha, halakhah, and halocho, is the collective body of Jewish religious laws that are derived from the Written and Oral Torah.
See Hebrew language and Halakha
Hamagid
Hamagid, also known after 1893 as Hamagid LeIsrael, was the first Hebrew language weekly newspaper.
See Hebrew language and Hamagid
Hamas
Hamas, an acronym of its official name, Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiya (lit), is a Palestinian Sunni Islamist militant resistance movement governing parts of the Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip since 2007.
Hapax legomenon
In corpus linguistics, a hapax legomenon (also or; hapax legomena; sometimes abbreviated to hapax, plural hapaxes) is a word or an expression that occurs only once within a context: either in the written record of an entire language, in the works of an author, or in a single text.
See Hebrew language and Hapax legomenon
Haredi Judaism
Haredi Judaism (translit,; plural Haredim) is a branch of Orthodox Judaism that is characterized by its strict interpretation of religious sources and its accepted (Jewish law) and traditions, in opposition to more accommodating or modern values and practices.
See Hebrew language and Haredi Judaism
Hasidic Judaism
Hasidism or Hasidic Judaism is a religious movement within Judaism that arose in the 18th century as a spiritual revival movement in contemporary Western Ukraine before spreading rapidly throughout Eastern Europe.
See Hebrew language and Hasidic Judaism
Haskalah
The Haskalah (הַשְׂכָּלָה; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), often termed the Jewish Enlightenment, was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Western Europe and the Muslim world.
See Hebrew language and Haskalah
Hayim Nahman Bialik
Hayim Nahman Bialik (חיים נחמן ביאַליק; January 9, 1873 – July 4, 1934) was a Jewish poet who wrote primarily in Hebrew and Yiddish.
See Hebrew language and Hayim Nahman Bialik
He (letter)
He is the fifth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician hē 𐤄, Hebrew hē ה, Aramaic hē 𐡄, Syriac hē ܗ, and Arabic hāʾ ه.
See Hebrew language and He (letter)
Hebraism
Hebraism is a lexical item, usage or trait characteristic of the Hebrew language.
See Hebrew language and Hebraism
Hebraization of English
The Hebraization of English (or Hebraicization) is the use of the Hebrew alphabet to write English.
See Hebrew language and Hebraization of English
Hebrew abbreviations
Abbreviations are a common part of the Hebrew language, with many organizations, places, people and concepts known by their abbreviations.
See Hebrew language and Hebrew abbreviations
Hebrew alphabet
The Hebrew alphabet (אָלֶף־בֵּית עִבְרִי), known variously by scholars as the Ktav Ashuri, Jewish script, square script and block script, is traditionally an abjad script used in the writing of the Hebrew language and other Jewish languages, most notably Yiddish, Ladino, Judeo-Arabic, and Judeo-Persian.
See Hebrew language and Hebrew alphabet
Hebrew Bible
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Hebrew), also known in Hebrew as Miqra (Hebrew), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.
See Hebrew language and Hebrew Bible
Hebrew Braille
Hebrew Braille (ברייל עברי) is the braille alphabet for Hebrew.
See Hebrew language and Hebrew Braille
Hebrew cantillation
Hebrew cantillation, trope, trop, or te'amim is the manner of chanting ritual readings from the Hebrew Bible in synagogue services.
See Hebrew language and Hebrew cantillation
Hebrew diacritics
Hebrew orthography includes three types of diacritics.
See Hebrew language and Hebrew diacritics
Hebrew Gospel hypothesis
The Hebrew Gospel hypothesis (proto-Gospel hypothesis or Aramaic Matthew hypothesis) is that a lost gospel, written in Hebrew or Aramaic, predated the four canonical gospels.
See Hebrew language and Hebrew Gospel hypothesis
Hebrew literature
Hebrew literature consists of ancient, medieval, and modern writings in the Hebrew language.
See Hebrew language and Hebrew literature
Hebrew numerals
The system of Hebrew numerals is a quasi-decimal alphabetic numeral system using the letters of the Hebrew alphabet.
See Hebrew language and Hebrew numerals
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJI; הַאוּנִיבֶרְסִיטָה הַעִבְרִית בִּירוּשָׁלַיִם) is a public research university based in Jerusalem, Israel.
See Hebrew language and Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Hebrews
The Hebrews were an ancient Semitic-speaking people.
See Hebrew language and Hebrews
Heth
Heth, sometimes written Chet or Ḥet, is the eighth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ḥēt 𐤇, Hebrew ḥēt ח, Aramaic ḥēṯ 𐡇, Syriac ḥēṯ ܚ, and Arabic ḥāʾ ح.
Historical Dictionary Project of the Hebrew Language
The Historical Dictionary Project of the Hebrew Language (HDP; מִפְעַל הַמִּלּוֹן הַהִיסְטוֹרִי) is a long-term research undertaking of the Academy of the Hebrew Language.
See Hebrew language and Historical Dictionary Project of the Hebrew Language
History of ancient Israel and Judah
The history of ancient Israel and Judah spans from the early appearance of the Israelites in Canaan's hill country during the late second millennium BCE, to the establishment and subsequent downfall of the two Israelite kingdoms in the mid-first millennium BCE.
See Hebrew language and History of ancient Israel and Judah
History of the Middle East
The Middle East, also known as the Near East, is home to one of the Cradles of Civilization and has seen many of the world's oldest cultures and civilizations.
See Hebrew language and History of the Middle East
Hyphen
The hyphen is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word.
See Hebrew language and Hyphen
Ibn Tibbon
Ibn Tibbon is a family of Jewish rabbis and translators that lived principally in Provence in the 12th and 13th centuries.
See Hebrew language and Ibn Tibbon
Infix
An infix is an affix inserted inside a word stem (an existing word or the core of a family of words).
Iosif Begun
Iosif Ziselovich Begun, sometimes spelled Yosef (born 9 July 1932, Иосиф Зиселевич Бегун, יוסף ביגון), whose last name is pronounced "bee-goon" and in Russian literally means "runner," is a former Soviet refusenik, prisoner of conscience, human rights activist, author and translator.
See Hebrew language and Iosif Begun
Isaiah Scroll
The Isaiah Scroll, designated 1QIsaa and also known as the Great Isaiah Scroll, is one of the seven Dead Sea Scrolls that were first discovered by Bedouin shepherds in 1946 from Qumran Cave 1.
See Hebrew language and Isaiah Scroll
Islam
Islam (al-Islām) is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered on the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad, the religion's founder.
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.
See Hebrew language and Israel
Israel Hayom
Israel Hayom (lit) is an Israeli national Hebrew-language free daily newspaper.
See Hebrew language and Israel Hayom
Israeli Americans
Israeli Americans (translit, or translit) are Americans who are of full or partial Israeli descent.
See Hebrew language and Israeli Americans
Israeli Sign Language
Israeli Sign Language, also known as Shassi or ISL, is the most commonly used sign language by the Deaf community of Israel. Hebrew language and Israeli Sign Language are languages of Israel.
See Hebrew language and Israeli Sign Language
Israelian Hebrew
Israelian Hebrew (or IH) is a northern dialect of biblical Hebrew (BH) proposed as an explanation for various irregular linguistic features of the Masoretic Text (MT) of the Hebrew Bible.
See Hebrew language and Israelian Hebrew
Israelites
The Israelites were a group of Semitic-speaking tribes in the ancient Near East who, during the Iron Age, inhabited a part of Canaan.
See Hebrew language and Israelites
Jerusalem
Jerusalem is a city in the Southern Levant, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.
See Hebrew language and Jerusalem
Jerusalem Talmud
The Jerusalem Talmud (translit, often for short) or Palestinian Talmud, also known as the Talmud of the Land of Israel, is a collection of rabbinic notes on the second-century Jewish oral tradition known as the Mishnah.
See Hebrew language and Jerusalem Talmud
Jewish diaspora
The Jewish diaspora (təfūṣā) or exile (Hebrew: גָּלוּת; Yiddish) is the dispersion of Israelites or Jews out of their ancient ancestral homeland (the Land of Israel) and their subsequent settlement in other parts of the globe.
See Hebrew language and Jewish diaspora
Jewish languages
Jewish languages are the various languages and dialects that developed in Jewish communities in the diaspora.
See Hebrew language and Jewish languages
Jewish prayer
Jewish prayer (תְּפִילָּה,; plural; tfile, plural תּפֿלות; Yinglish: davening from Yiddish דאַוון 'pray') is the prayer recitation that forms part of the observance of Rabbinic Judaism.
See Hebrew language and Jewish prayer
Jewish religious movements
Jewish religious movements, sometimes called "denominations", include diverse groups within Judaism which have developed among Jews from ancient times.
See Hebrew language and Jewish religious movements
Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
Jo Ann Hackett
Jo Ann Hackett (born August 14, 1949) is an American scholar of the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) and of Biblical Hebrew and other ancient Northwest Semitic languages such as Phoenician, Punic, and Aramaic.
See Hebrew language and Jo Ann Hackett
Jonah ibn Janah
Jonah ibn Janah (Yōnāh ībn Janāḥ) or ibn Janach, born Abū al-Walīd Marwān ibn Janāḥ (أبو الوليد مروان بن جناح),, was a Jewish rabbi, physician and Hebrew grammarian active in al-Andalus (Muslim-ruled Spain).
See Hebrew language and Jonah ibn Janah
Jordan River
The Jordan River or River Jordan (نَهْر الْأُرْدُنّ, Nahr al-ʾUrdunn; נְהַר הַיַּרְדֵּן, Nəhar hayYardēn), also known as Nahr Al-Sharieat (نهر الشريعة.), is a river in the Levant that flows roughly north to south through the freshwater Sea of Galilee and on to the salt water Dead Sea.
See Hebrew language and Jordan River
Joseph Klausner
Joseph Gedaliah Klausner (יוסף גדליה קלוזנר; 20 August 1874 – 27 October 1958), was a Lithuanian-born Israeli historian and professor of Hebrew literature.
See Hebrew language and Joseph Klausner
Josephus
Flavius Josephus (Ἰώσηπος,; AD 37 – 100) was a Roman–Jewish historian and military leader.
See Hebrew language and Josephus
Judaea (Roman province)
Judaea (Iudaea; translit) was a Roman province from 6 to 132 AD, which incorporated the Levantine regions of Idumea, Philistia, Judea, Samaria and Galilee, extending over parts of the former regions of the Hasmonean and Herodian kingdoms of Judea.
See Hebrew language and Judaea (Roman province)
Judaeo-Spanish
Judaeo-Spanish or Judeo-Spanish (autonym djudeoespanyol, Hebrew script), also known as Ladino, is a Romance language derived from Old Spanish. Hebrew language and Judaeo-Spanish are languages of Israel.
See Hebrew language and Judaeo-Spanish
Judah ben David Hayyuj
Judah ben David Hayyuj (Yəhuḏā ben Dawiḏ Ḥayyuj, Abū Zakariyya Yahyá ibn Dawūd Ḥayyūj) was a Maghrebi Jew of Al-Andalus born in North Africa.
See Hebrew language and Judah ben David Hayyuj
Judah Halevi
Judah Halevi (also Yehuda Halevi or ha-Levi; יהודה הלוי and Judah ben Shmuel Halevi; Yahūḏa al-Lāwī; c. 1075 – 1141) was a Sephardic Jewish poet, physician and philosopher.
See Hebrew language and Judah Halevi
Judaism
Judaism (יַהֲדוּת|translit.
See Hebrew language and Judaism
Judeo-Arabic dialects
Judeo-Arabic dialects (ערביה יהודיה) are ethnolects formerly spoken by Jews throughout the Arab world.
See Hebrew language and Judeo-Arabic dialects
Judeo-Aramaic languages
Judaeo-Aramaic languages represent a group of Hebrew-influenced Aramaic and Neo-Aramaic languages. Hebrew language and Judeo-Aramaic languages are Jewish languages.
See Hebrew language and Judeo-Aramaic languages
Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
Judeo-Iraqi Arabic (translit), also known as Iraqi Judeo-Arabic and Yahudic, is a variety of Arabic spoken by Iraqi Jews. Hebrew language and Judeo-Iraqi Arabic are languages of Israel.
See Hebrew language and Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
Kaliningrad
Kaliningrad (p), known as Königsberg until 1946 (ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbʲerk; Królewiec), is the largest city and administrative centre of Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave between Lithuania and Poland.
See Hebrew language and Kaliningrad
Kaph
Kaph (also spelled kaf) is the eleventh letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician kāp 𐤊, Hebrew kāp̄ כ, Aramaic kāp 𐡊, Syriac kāp̄ ܟ, and Arabic kāf ك (in abjadi order).
Königsberg
Königsberg (Królewiec, Karaliaučius, Kyonigsberg) is the historic German and Prussian name of the medieval city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.
See Hebrew language and Königsberg
Khirbet Qeiyafa
Khirbet Qeiyafa (خربة قيافة), also known as Elah Fortress and in Hebrew as Horbat Qayafa (חורבת קייאפה), is the site of an ancient fortress city overlooking the Elah Valley and dated to the first half of the 10th century BCE.
See Hebrew language and Khirbet Qeiyafa
Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon
The Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon is a ostracon (a trapezoid-shaped potsherd) with five lines of text, discovered in Building II, Room B, in Area B of the excavations at Khirbet Qeiyafa in 2008.
See Hebrew language and Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon
Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
The Kingdom of Israel, or the Kingdom of Samaria, was an Israelite kingdom in the Southern Levant during the Iron Age, whose beginnings can be dated back to the first half of the 10th century BCE.
See Hebrew language and Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)
Kingdom of Judah
The Kingdom of Judah was an Israelite kingdom of the Southern Levant during the Iron Age.
See Hebrew language and Kingdom of Judah
Knesset
The Knesset (translit, translit) is the unicameral legislature of Israel.
See Hebrew language and Knesset
Koine Greek
Koine Greek (Koine the common dialect), also known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire.
See Hebrew language and Koine Greek
Ktav Ashuri
Ktav Ashuri (כְּתָב אַשּׁוּרִי,, lit. "Assyrian Writing") also (Ktav) Ashurit, is the traditional Hebrew language name of the Hebrew alphabet, used to write both Hebrew and Jewish Babylonian Aramaic.
See Hebrew language and Ktav Ashuri
Lachish letters
The Lachish Letters are a series of letters written in carbon ink containing ancient Israelite inscriptions in Ancient Hebrew on clay ostraca.
See Hebrew language and Lachish letters
Lamedh
Lamedh or lamed is the twelfth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Hebrew lāmeḏ ל, Aramaic lāmaḏ 𐡋, Syriac lāmaḏ ܠ, Arabic lām ل, and Phoenician lāmd 𐤋.
See Hebrew language and Lamedh
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew
Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew is a scholarly book written in the English language by linguist Ghil'ad Zuckermann, published in 2003 by Palgrave Macmillan.
See Hebrew language and Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew
Language of Jesus
There exists a consensus among scholars that the language of Jesus and his disciples was Aramaic.
See Hebrew language and Language of Jesus
Language revitalization
Language revitalization, also referred to as language revival or reversing language shift, is an attempt to halt or reverse the decline of a language or to revive an extinct one.
See Hebrew language and Language revitalization
Lashon Hakodesh
Lashon Hakodesh (לָשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ; lit. "the tongue holiness" or "the Holy Tongue"), also spelled L'shon Hakodesh or Leshon Hakodesh (לְשׁוֹן הַקֹּדֶשׁ), is a Jewish term and appellation attributed to the Hebrew language, or sometimes to a mix of Hebrew and Aramaic, in which its religious texts and prayers were written, and served, during the Medieval Hebrew era, for religious purposes, liturgy and Halakha – in contrary to the secular tongue, which served for the routine daily needs, such as the Yiddish or Ladino languages.
See Hebrew language and Lashon Hakodesh
Late antiquity
Late antiquity is sometimes defined as spanning from the end of classical antiquity to the local start of the Middle Ages, from around the late 3rd century up to the 7th or 8th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin depending on location.
See Hebrew language and Late antiquity
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Hebrew language and Latin are Fusional languages.
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also known as the Roman alphabet, is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.
See Hebrew language and Latin alphabet
Lenition
In linguistics, lenition is a sound change that alters consonants, making them more sonorous.
See Hebrew language and Lenition
Lingua franca
A lingua franca (for plurals see), also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when it is a third language that is distinct from both of the speakers' native languages.
See Hebrew language and Lingua franca
Linguistics
Linguistics is the scientific study of language.
See Hebrew language and Linguistics
List of English words of Hebrew origin
This is a list of English words of Hebrew origin.
See Hebrew language and List of English words of Hebrew origin
List of Hebrew dictionaries
Notable dictionaries of the Hebrew language include.
See Hebrew language and List of Hebrew dictionaries
List of Hebrew words of Persian origin
This entry lists words borrowed from Persian to Hebrew.
See Hebrew language and List of Hebrew words of Persian origin
Litani River
The Litani River (Nahr al-Līṭānī), the classical Leontes (lion river), is an important water resource in southern Lebanon.
See Hebrew language and Litani River
Literary language
Literary language is the form (register) of a language used when writing in a formal, academic, or particularly polite tone; when speaking or writing in such a tone, it can also be known as formal language.
See Hebrew language and Literary language
Maimonides
Moses ben Maimon (1138–1204), commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam (רמב״ם), was a Sephardic rabbi and philosopher who became one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages.
See Hebrew language and Maimonides
Mandatory Palestine
Mandatory Palestine was a geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the region of Palestine under the terms of the League of Nations Mandate for Palestine.
See Hebrew language and Mandatory Palestine
Masoretes
The Masoretes (Baʿălēy Hammāsōrā, lit. 'Masters of the Tradition') were groups of Jewish scribe-scholars who worked from around the end of the 5th through 10th centuries CE, based primarily in the Jewish centers of the Levant (e.g. Tiberias and Jerusalem) and Mesopotamia (e.g. Sura and Nehardea).
See Hebrew language and Masoretes
Mater lectionis
A mater lectionis (mother of reading, matres lectionis; original ʾēm qərîʾāh) is any consonant that is used to indicate a vowel, primarily in the writing of Semitic languages such as Arabic, Hebrew and Syriac.
See Hebrew language and Mater lectionis
Me'assefim
The Me'assefim were a group of Hebrew writers who between 1784 and 1811 published their works in the periodical Ha-Me'assef, which they had founded.
See Hebrew language and Me'assefim
Medieval Hebrew
Medieval Hebrew was a literary and liturgical language that existed between the 4th and 19th century.
See Hebrew language and Medieval Hebrew
Megillah (Talmud)
Masekhet Megillah (lit) is a tractate in Seder Moed of the Babylonian and Jerusalem Talmuds.
See Hebrew language and Megillah (Talmud)
Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
The Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael (מְכִילְתָּא דְּרַבִּי יִשְׁמָעֵאל IPA, "a collection of rules of interpretation") is midrash halakha to the Book of Exodus.
See Hebrew language and Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael
Mem
Mem (also spelled Meem, Meme, or Mim) is the thirteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Hebrew mēm מ, Aramaic mem 𐡌, Syriac mīm ܡ, Arabic mīm م, and Phoenician mēm 𐤌.
Mesha Stele
The Mesha Stele, also known as the Moabite Stone, is a stele dated around 840 BCE containing a significant Canaanite inscription in the name of King Mesha of Moab (a kingdom located in modern Jordan).
See Hebrew language and Mesha Stele
Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region of West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in the northern part of the Fertile Crescent.
See Hebrew language and Mesopotamia
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
See Hebrew language and Middle Ages
Middle East
The Middle East (term originally coined in English Translations of this term in some of the region's major languages include: translit; translit; translit; script; translit; اوْرتاشرق; Orta Doğu.) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula, the Levant, Turkey, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq.
See Hebrew language and Middle East
Midrash
Midrash (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. מִדְרָשׁ; מִדְרָשִׁים or midrashot) is expansive Jewish Biblical exegesis using a rabbinic mode of interpretation prominent in the Talmud.
See Hebrew language and Midrash
Midrash halakha
Midrash halakha (הֲלָכָה) was the ancient Judaic rabbinic method of Torah study that expounded upon the traditionally received 613 Mitzvot (commandments) by identifying their sources in the Hebrew Bible, and by interpreting these passages as proofs of the laws' authenticity.
See Hebrew language and Midrash halakha
Ministry of Tourism (Israel)
The Ministry of Tourism (Misrad HaTayarut) is the Israeli government office responsible for tourism.
See Hebrew language and Ministry of Tourism (Israel)
Mishnah
The Mishnah or the Mishna (מִשְׁנָה, "study by repetition", from the verb shanah, or "to study and review", also "secondary") is the first major written collection of the Jewish oral traditions that are known as the Oral Torah.
See Hebrew language and Mishnah
Mishnah Berurah
The Mishnah Berurah (משנה ברורה "Clear Teaching") is a work of halakha (Jewish law) by Rabbi Yisrael Meir Kagan (Poland, 1838–1933, also known as Chofetz Chaim).
See Hebrew language and Mishnah Berurah
Mishnaic Hebrew
Mishnaic Hebrew (translit "Language of the Sages") is the Hebrew language of Talmudic texts.
See Hebrew language and Mishnaic Hebrew
Mishneh Torah
The Mishneh Torah (repetition of the Torah), also known as Sefer Yad ha-Hazaka (label), is a code of Rabbinic Jewish religious law (halakha) authored by Maimonides (Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon/Rambam).
See Hebrew language and Mishneh Torah
Mizrahi Hebrew
Mizrahi Hebrew, or Eastern Hebrew, refers to any of the pronunciation systems for Biblical Hebrew used liturgically by Mizrahi Jews: Jews from Arab countries or east of them and with a background of Arabic, Persian or other languages of Asia.
See Hebrew language and Mizrahi Hebrew
Moabite language
The Moabite language, also known as the Moabite dialect, is an extinct sub-language or dialect of the Canaanite languages, themselves a branch of Northwest Semitic languages, formerly spoken in the region described in the Bible as Moab (modern day central-western Jordan) in the early 1st millennium BC. Hebrew language and Moabite language are Canaanite languages.
See Hebrew language and Moabite language
Modern Hebrew phonology
Modern Hebrew has 25 to 27 consonants and 5 to 10 vowels, depending on the speaker and the analysis.
See Hebrew language and Modern Hebrew phonology
Moses ibn Ezra
Moses ben Jacob ibn Ezra, known as Ha-Sallaḥ ("writer of penitential prayers") (Abū Harūn Mūsà bin Yaʿqub ibn ʿAzra, Mōšē bēn Yaʿăqōḇ hasSallāḥ ʾībən ʿEzrāʾ) was an Andalusi Jewish rabbi, philosopher, linguist, and poet.
See Hebrew language and Moses ibn Ezra
Moshe Zvi Segal
Moshe Zvi (Hirsch) Segal (Hebrew: משה צבי סגל) (born 23 September 1875; died 11 January 1968) was an Israeli rabbi, linguist and Talmudic scholar.
See Hebrew language and Moshe Zvi Segal
Mount Ebal curse tablet
The Mount Ebal curse tablet is a supposedly inscribed folded lead sheet reportedly found on Mount Ebal in the West Bank, near Nablus, in December 2019.
See Hebrew language and Mount Ebal curse tablet
Mutual intelligibility
In linguistics, mutual intelligibility is a relationship between languages or dialects in which speakers of different but related varieties can readily understand each other without prior familiarity or special effort.
See Hebrew language and Mutual intelligibility
Names of God in Judaism
Judaism considers some names of God so holy that, once written, they should not be erased: יהוה, rtl (Adonai), rtl (El), rtl, rtl (Shaddai), and rtl; some also include I Am that I Am.
See Hebrew language and Names of God in Judaism
Nebuchadnezzar II
Nebuchadnezzar II (Babylonian cuneiform: Nabû-kudurri-uṣur, meaning "Nabu, watch over my heir"; Biblical Hebrew: Nəḇūḵaḏneʾṣṣar), also spelled Nebuchadrezzar II, was the second king of the Neo-Babylonian Empire, ruling from the death of his father Nabopolassar in 605 BC to his own death in 562 BC.
See Hebrew language and Nebuchadnezzar II
Neo-Babylonian Empire
The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia until Faisal II in the 20th century.
See Hebrew language and Neo-Babylonian Empire
Neologism
In linguistics, a neologism (also known as a coinage) is any newly formed word, term, or phrase that nevertheless has achieved popular or institutional recognition and is becoming accepted into mainstream language.
See Hebrew language and Neologism
New Testament
The New Testament (NT) is the second division of the Christian biblical canon.
See Hebrew language and New Testament
Niqqud
In Hebrew orthography, niqqud or nikud is a system of diacritical signs used to represent vowels or distinguish between alternative pronunciations of letters of the Hebrew alphabet.
See Hebrew language and Niqqud
Northwest Semitic languages
Northwest Semitic is a division of the Semitic languages comprising the indigenous languages of the Levant.
See Hebrew language and Northwest Semitic languages
Nun (letter)
Nun is the fourteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician nūn 𐤍, Hebrew nūn נ, Aramaic nūn 𐡍, Syriac nūn ܢ, and Arabic nūn ن (in abjadi order).
See Hebrew language and Nun (letter)
Official language
An official language is a language having certain rights to be used in defined situations.
See Hebrew language and Official language
Ogg
Ogg is a free, open container format maintained by the Xiph.Org Foundation.
Old Aramaic
Old Aramaic refers to the earliest stage of the Aramaic language, known from the Aramaic inscriptions discovered since the 19th century. Hebrew language and Old Aramaic are languages attested from the 10th century BC.
See Hebrew language and Old Aramaic
Old French
Old French (franceis, françois, romanz; ancien français) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France approximately between the late 8th and the mid-14th century.
See Hebrew language and Old French
Orthodox Judaism
Orthodox Judaism is the collective term for the traditionalist branches of contemporary Judaism.
See Hebrew language and Orthodox Judaism
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
See Hebrew language and Ottoman Empire
Paleo-Hebrew alphabet
The Paleo-Hebrew script (הכתב העברי הקדום), also Palaeo-Hebrew, Proto-Hebrew or Old Hebrew, is the writing system found in Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions, including pre-Biblical and Biblical Hebrew, from southern Canaan, also known as the biblical kingdoms of Israel (Samaria) and Judah.
See Hebrew language and Paleo-Hebrew alphabet
Palestine (region)
The region of Palestine, also known as Historic Palestine, is a geographical area in West Asia.
See Hebrew language and Palestine (region)
Palgrave Macmillan
Palgrave Macmillan is a British academic and trade publishing company headquartered in the London Borough of Camden.
See Hebrew language and Palgrave Macmillan
Pe (Semitic letter)
Pe is the seventeenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician pē 𐤐, Hebrew pē פ, Aramaic pē 𐡐, Syriac pē ܦ, and Arabic fāʾ ف (in abjadi order).
See Hebrew language and Pe (Semitic letter)
People's Commissariat for Education
The People's Commissariat for Education (or Narkompros; Народный комиссариат просвещения, Наркомпрос, directly translated as the "People's Commissariat for Enlightenment") was the Soviet agency charged with the administration of public education and most other issues related to culture.
See Hebrew language and People's Commissariat for Education
Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (Fārsī|), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages.
See Hebrew language and Persian language
Pharisees
The Pharisees (lit) were a Jewish social movement and a school of thought in the Levant during the time of Second Temple Judaism.
See Hebrew language and Pharisees
Pharyngeal consonant
A pharyngeal consonant is a consonant that is articulated primarily in the pharynx.
See Hebrew language and Pharyngeal consonant
Phoenicia
Phoenicia, or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon.
See Hebrew language and Phoenicia
Phoenician alphabet
The Phoenician alphabet is an abjad (consonantal alphabet) used across the Mediterranean civilization of Phoenicia for most of the 1st millennium BC.
See Hebrew language and Phoenician alphabet
Phoenician language
Phoenician (Phoenician) is an extinct Canaanite Semitic language originally spoken in the region surrounding the cities of Tyre and Sidon. Hebrew language and Phoenician language are Canaanite languages.
See Hebrew language and Phoenician language
Phono-semantic matching
Phono-semantic matching (PSM) is the incorporation of a word into one language from another, often creating a neologism, where the word's non-native quality is hidden by replacing it with phonetically and semantically similar words or roots from the adopting language.
See Hebrew language and Phono-semantic matching
Phonology
Phonology is the branch of linguistics that studies how languages systematically organize their phones or, for sign languages, their constituent parts of signs.
See Hebrew language and Phonology
Pidgin
A pidgin, or pidgin language, is a grammatically simplified means of communication that develops between two or more groups of people that do not have a language in common: typically, its vocabulary and grammar are limited and often drawn from several languages.
See Hebrew language and Pidgin
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.
See Hebrew language and Poland
Prefixes in Hebrew
There are several prefixes in the Hebrew language which are appended to regular words to introduce a new meaning.
See Hebrew language and Prefixes in Hebrew
Present tense
The present tense (abbreviated or) is a grammatical tense whose principal function is to locate a situation or event in the present time.
See Hebrew language and Present tense
Proto-Semitic language
Proto-Semitic is the reconstructed proto-language common ancestor to the Semitic language family.
See Hebrew language and Proto-Semitic language
Proto-Sinaitic script
The Proto-Sinaitic script is a Middle Bronze Age writing system known from a small corpus of about 30-40 inscriptions and fragments from Serabit el-Khadim in the Sinai Peninsula, as well as two inscriptions from Wadi el-Hol in Middle Egypt. Hebrew language and Proto-Sinaitic script are Canaanite languages.
See Hebrew language and Proto-Sinaitic script
Provence
Provence is a geographical region and historical province of southeastern France, which extends from the left bank of the lower Rhône to the west to the Italian border to the east; it is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the south.
See Hebrew language and Provence
Qoph
Qoph is the nineteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician qōp 𐤒, Hebrew qūp̄ ק, Aramaic qop 𐡒, Syriac qōp̄ ܩ, and Arabic qāf ق.
Qumran
Qumran (קומראן; خربة قمران) is an archaeological site in the West Bank managed by Israel's Qumran National Park.
See Hebrew language and Qumran
Rabbinic literature
Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire spectrum of works authored by rabbis throughout Jewish history.
See Hebrew language and Rabbinic literature
Rashi script
The Rashi script or Sephardic script is a typeface for the Hebrew alphabet based on 15th-century Sephardic semi-cursive handwriting.
See Hebrew language and Rashi script
Refusenik
Refusenik (otkaznik,; alternatively spelled refusnik) was an unofficial term for individuals—typically, but not exclusively, Soviet Jews—who were denied permission to emigrate, primarily to Israel, by the authorities of the Soviet Union and other countries of the Soviet Bloc.
See Hebrew language and Refusenik
Reggio Calabria
Reggio di Calabria (Riggiu; Rìji), commonly and officially referred to as Reggio Calabria, or simply Reggio by its inhabitants, is the largest city in Calabria as well as the seat of the Regional Council of Calabria.
See Hebrew language and Reggio Calabria
Resh
Resh (IPA: /ɹɛʃ/) is the twentieth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician rēš 𐤓, Hebrew rēš ר, Aramaic rēš 𐡓, Syriac rēš ܪ, and Arabic rāʾ ر.
Revival of the Hebrew language
The revival of the Hebrew language took place in Europe and the Southern Levant region toward the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century, through which the language's usage changed from purely the sacred language of Judaism to a spoken and written language used for daily life in Israel.
See Hebrew language and Revival of the Hebrew language
Right-to-left script
In a script (commonly shortened to right to left or abbreviated RTL, RL-TB or R2L), writing starts from the right of the page and continues to the left, proceeding from top to bottom for new lines.
See Hebrew language and Right-to-left script
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
See Hebrew language and Roman Empire
Romanization of Hebrew
The Hebrew language uses the Hebrew alphabet with optional vowel diacritics.
See Hebrew language and Romanization of Hebrew
Romantic nationalism
Romantic nationalism (also national romanticism, organic nationalism, identity nationalism) is the form of nationalism in which the state claims its political legitimacy as an organic consequence of the unity of those it governs.
See Hebrew language and Romantic nationalism
Russian language
Russian is an East Slavic language, spoken primarily in Russia.
See Hebrew language and Russian language
Sacred language
A sacred language, holy language or liturgical language is a language that is cultivated and used primarily for religious reasons (like Mosque service) by people who speak another, primary language (like Persian, Urdu, Pashtu, Balochi, Sindhi etc.) in their daily lives.
See Hebrew language and Sacred language
Sadducees
The Sadducees (lit) were a sect of Jews active in Judea during the Second Temple period, from the second century BCE to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE.
See Hebrew language and Sadducees
Samaria
Samaria is the Hellenized form of the Hebrew name Shomron (translit), used as a historical and biblical name for the central region of Israel, bordered by Judea to the south and Galilee to the north.
See Hebrew language and Samaria
Samaritan Hebrew
Samaritan Hebrew is a reading tradition used liturgically by the Samaritans for reading the Ancient Hebrew language of the Samaritan Pentateuch, in contrast to Tiberian Hebrew among the Jewish people. Hebrew language and Samaritan Hebrew are Canaanite languages.
See Hebrew language and Samaritan Hebrew
Samaritan Pentateuch
The Samaritan Pentateuch, also called the Samaritan Torah (Samaritan Hebrew: ࠕࠦࠅࠓࠡࠄ), is the sacred scripture of the Samaritans.
See Hebrew language and Samaritan Pentateuch
Samaritan script
The Samaritan Hebrew script, or simply Samaritan script is used by the Samaritans for religious writings, including the Samaritan Pentateuch, writings in Samaritan Hebrew, and for commentaries and translations in Samaritan Aramaic and occasionally Arabic.
See Hebrew language and Samaritan script
Samaritanism
Samaritanism is an Abrahamic monotheistic ethnic religion.
See Hebrew language and Samaritanism
Samaritans
The Samaritans (שומרונים; السامريون), often prefering to be called Israelite Samaritans, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Hebrews and Israelites of the ancient Near East.
See Hebrew language and Samaritans
Samekh
Samekh is the fifteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician sāmek 𐤎, Hebrew sāmeḵ ס, Aramaic samek 𐡎, and Syriac semkaṯ ܣ.
See Hebrew language and Samekh
Satmar
Satmar (Yiddish: סאַטמאַר; Hebrew: סאטמר) is a Hasidic group founded in 1905 by Grand Rebbe Joel Teitelbaum (1887–1979), in the city of Szatmárnémeti, Hungary (now Satu Mare in Romania).
See Hebrew language and Satmar
Second Aliyah
The Second Aliyah (HaAliyah HaShniya) was an aliyah (Jewish immigration to the Land of Israel) that took place between 1904 and 1914, during which approximately 35,000 Jews, mostly from Russia, with some from Yemen, immigrated into Ottoman Palestine.
See Hebrew language and Second Aliyah
Second Temple period
The Second Temple period or post-exilic period in Jewish history denotes the approximately 600 years (516 BCE – 70 CE) during which the Second Temple stood in the city of Jerusalem.
See Hebrew language and Second Temple period
Secularization
In sociology, secularization (secularisation) is a multilayered concept that generally denotes "a transition from a religious to a more worldly level." There are many types of secularization and most do not lead to atheism, irreligion, nor are they automatically antithetical to religion.
See Hebrew language and Secularization
Seminary
A seminary, school of theology, theological college, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called seminarians) in scripture and theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as clergy, in academics, or mostly in Christian ministry.
See Hebrew language and Seminary
Semitic languages
The Semitic languages are a branch of the Afroasiatic language family. Hebrew language and Semitic languages are Fusional languages.
See Hebrew language and Semitic languages
Semitic root
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root).
See Hebrew language and Semitic root
Sephardi Hebrew
Sephardi Hebrew (or Sepharadi Hebrew; Ivrit Sefardit, Ebreo de los Sefaradim) is the pronunciation system for Biblical Hebrew favored for liturgical use by Sephardi Jews.
See Hebrew language and Sephardi Hebrew
Sephardic Jews
Sephardic Jews (Djudíos Sefardíes), also known as Sephardi Jews or Sephardim, and rarely as Iberian Peninsular Jews, are a Jewish diaspora population associated with the Iberian Peninsula (Spain and Portugal).
See Hebrew language and Sephardic Jews
Septuagint
The Septuagint, sometimes referred to as the Greek Old Testament or The Translation of the Seventy (Hē metáphrasis tôn Hebdomḗkonta), and often abbreviated as LXX, is the earliest extant Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible from the original Hebrew.
See Hebrew language and Septuagint
Shaul Tchernichovsky
Shaul Tchernichovsky (שאול טשרניחובסקי) or Saul Gutmanovich Tchernichovsky (Саул Гутманович Черниховский; 20 August 1875 – 14 October 1943) was a Russian-born Hebrew poet.
See Hebrew language and Shaul Tchernichovsky
Shin (letter)
Shin (also spelled Šin or Sheen) is the twenty-first and penultimate letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician šīn 𐤔, Hebrew šīn ש, Aramaic šīn 𐡔, Syriac šīn ܫ, and Arabic sīn س.
See Hebrew language and Shin (letter)
Shtetl
Shtetl or shtetel is a Yiddish term for the small towns with predominantly Ashkenazi Jewish populations which existed in Eastern Europe before the Holocaust.
See Hebrew language and Shtetl
Shva
Shva or, in Biblical Hebrew, shĕwa (שְׁוָא) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign written as two vertical dots beneath a letter.
Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)
The Siege of Jerusalem of 70 CE was the decisive event of the First Jewish–Roman War (66–73 CE), in which the Roman army led by future emperor Titus besieged Jerusalem, the center of Jewish rebel resistance in the Roman province of Judaea.
See Hebrew language and Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE)
Sifra
Sifra (document) is the Midrash halakha to the Book of Leviticus.
Sifre
Sifre (סִפְרֵי; siphrēy, Sifre, Sifrei, also, Sifre debe Rab or Sifre Rabbah) refers to either of two works of Midrash halakha, or classical Jewish legal biblical exegesis, based on the biblical books of Numbers and Deuteronomy.
Siloam inscription
The Siloam inscription or Shiloah inscription (כתובת השילוח, or Silwan inscription), known as KAI 189, is a Hebrew inscription found in the Siloam tunnel which brings water from the Gihon Spring to the Pool of Siloam, located in the City of David in East Jerusalem neighborhood of Silwan ("Siloam" in the Bible).
See Hebrew language and Siloam inscription
Simon bar Kokhba
Simon bar Kokhba or Simon bar Koseba, commonly referred to simply as Bar Kokhba, was a Jewish military leader in Judea.
See Hebrew language and Simon bar Kokhba
Solomon
Solomon, also called Jedidiah, was a monarch of ancient Israel and the son and successor of King David, according to the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament.
See Hebrew language and Solomon
Solomon ibn Gabirol
Solomon ibn Gabirol or Solomon ben Judah (Shlomo Ben Yehuda ibn Gabirol,; ’Abū ’Ayyūb Sulaymān bin Yaḥyá bin Jabīrūl) was an 11th-century Jewish poet and philosopher in the Neo-Platonic tradition in Al-Andalus.
See Hebrew language and Solomon ibn Gabirol
Song of Moses
The Song of Moses is the name sometimes given to the poem which appears in Deuteronomy of the Hebrew Bible, which according to the Bible was delivered just prior to Moses' death on Mount Nebo.
See Hebrew language and Song of Moses
South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
See Hebrew language and South Africa
Southern Levant
The Southern Levant is a geographical region encompassing the southern half of the Levant.
See Hebrew language and Southern Levant
Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.
See Hebrew language and Soviet Union
Spanish and Portuguese Jews
Spanish and Portuguese Jews, also called Western Sephardim, Iberian Jews, or Peninsular Jews, are a distinctive sub-group of Sephardic Jews who are largely descended from Jews who lived as New Christians in the Iberian Peninsula during the few centuries following the forced expulsion of unconverted Jews from Spain in 1492 and from Portugal in 1497.
See Hebrew language and Spanish and Portuguese Jews
Spoken language
A spoken language is a language produced by articulate sounds or (depending on one's definition) manual gestures, as opposed to a written language.
See Hebrew language and Spoken language
Standard language
A standard language (or standard variety, standard dialect, standardized dialect or simply standard) is a language variety that has undergone substantial codification of its grammar, lexicon, writing system, or other features and stands out among other varieties in a community as the one with the highest status or prestige.
See Hebrew language and Standard language
Study of the Hebrew language
As the Old Testament (known as the Tanakh) was written in Hebrew, Hebrew has been central to Judaism and Christianity for more than 2000 years.
See Hebrew language and Study of the Hebrew language
Syriac alphabet
The Syriac alphabet (ܐܠܦ ܒܝܬ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ) is a writing system primarily used to write the Syriac language since the 1st century AD.
See Hebrew language and Syriac alphabet
Talmud
The Talmud (תַּלְמוּד|Talmūḏ|teaching) is the central text of Rabbinic Judaism and the primary source of Jewish religious law (halakha) and Jewish theology.
See Hebrew language and Talmud
Tannaim
Tannaim (Amoraic Hebrew: תנאים "repeaters", "teachers", singular tanna תנא, borrowed from Aramaic) were the rabbinic sages whose views are recorded in the Mishnah, from approximately 10–220 CE.
See Hebrew language and Tannaim
Taw
Taw, tav, or taf is the twenty-second and last letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician tāw 𐤕, Hebrew tav ת, Aramaic taw 𐡕, Syriac taw ܬ, and Arabic tāʾ ت (22nd in abjadi order, 3rd in modern order).
Teth
Teth, also written as or Tet, is the ninth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ṭēt 𐤈, Hebrew ṭēt ט, Aramaic ṭēṯ 𐡈, Syriac ṭēṯ ܛ, and Arabic ṭāʾ ط.
The Jewish Encyclopedia
The Jewish Encyclopedia: A Descriptive Record of the History, Religion, Literature, and Customs of the Jewish People from the Earliest Times to the Present Day is an English-language encyclopedia containing over 15,000 articles on the history, culture, and state of Judaism up to the early 20th century.
See Hebrew language and The Jewish Encyclopedia
Tiberian Hebrew
Tiberian Hebrew is the canonical pronunciation of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh) committed to writing by Masoretic scholars living in the Jewish community of Tiberias in ancient Galilee under the Abbasid Caliphate.
See Hebrew language and Tiberian Hebrew
Tiberian vocalization
The Tiberian vocalization, Tiberian pointing, or Tiberian niqqud (Hebrew: hannīqqūḏ haṭṭəḇeryānī) is a system of diacritics (niqqud) devised by the Masoretes of Tiberias to add to the consonantal text of the Hebrew Bible to produce the Masoretic Text.
See Hebrew language and Tiberian vocalization
Tiberias
Tiberias (טְבֶרְיָה,; Ṭabariyyā) is an Israeli city on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee.
See Hebrew language and Tiberias
Torah reading
Torah reading is a Jewish religious tradition that involves the public reading of a set of passages from a Torah scroll.
See Hebrew language and Torah reading
Tosefta
The Tosefta (translit "supplement, addition") is a compilation of Jewish Oral Law from the late second century, the period of the Mishnah and the Jewish sages known as the Tannaim.
See Hebrew language and Tosefta
Transjordan (region)
Transjordan, the East Bank, or the Transjordanian Highlands (شرق الأردن), is the part of the Southern Levant east of the Jordan River, mostly contained in present-day Jordan.
See Hebrew language and Transjordan (region)
Tribe of Judah
According to the Hebrew Bible, the tribe of Judah (Shevet Yehudah) was one of the twelve Tribes of Israel, named after Judah, the son of Jacob.
See Hebrew language and Tribe of Judah
Tsade
Tsade (also spelled ṣade, ṣādē, ṣaddi,, tzadi, sadhe, tzaddik) is the eighteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ṣādē 𐤑, Hebrew ṣādī צ, Aramaic ṣāḏē 𐡑, Syriac ṣāḏē ܨ, Ge'ez ṣädäy ጸ, and Arabic ṣād ص.
Turkey
Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly in Anatolia in West Asia, with a smaller part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe.
See Hebrew language and Turkey
Tzere
Tzere (also spelled Tsere, Tzeirei, Zere, Zeire, Ṣērê; modern צֵירֵי,, sometimes also written; formerly ṣērê) is a Hebrew niqqud vowel sign represented by two horizontally-aligned dots "◌ֵ" underneath a letter.
Ulpan
An ulpan (אולפן), plural ulpanim, is an institute or school for the intensive study of Hebrew.
United States
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly known as the United States (US or U.S.) or America, is a country primarily located in North America.
See Hebrew language and United States
Universal Coded Character Set
The Universal Coded Character Set (UCS, Unicode) is a standard set of characters defined by the international standard ISO/IEC 10646, Information technology — Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) (plus amendments to that standard), which is the basis of many character encodings, improving as characters from previously unrepresented typing systems are added.
See Hebrew language and Universal Coded Character Set
University College London
University College London (branded as UCL) is a public research university in London, England.
See Hebrew language and University College London
University of Texas at Austin
The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin, UT, or Texas) is a public research university in Austin, Texas.
See Hebrew language and University of Texas at Austin
Verb–subject–object word order
In linguistic typology, a verb–subject–object (VSO) language has its most typical sentences arrange their elements in that order, as in Ate Sam oranges (Sam ate oranges). Hebrew language and verb–subject–object word order are verb–subject–object languages.
See Hebrew language and Verb–subject–object word order
Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of language, particularly when perceived as being of lower social status in contrast to standard language, which is more codified, institutional, literary, or formal.
See Hebrew language and Vernacular
Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps
The voiced alveolar tap or flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
See Hebrew language and Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps
Voiced uvular fricative
The voiced uvular fricative is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
See Hebrew language and Voiced uvular fricative
Voiced uvular trill
The voiced uvular trill is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages.
See Hebrew language and Voiced uvular trill
Vowel
A vowel is a syllabic speech sound pronounced without any stricture in the vocal tract.
Waw (letter)
Waw ("hook") is the sixth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician wāw 𐤅, Aramaic waw 𐡅, Hebrew vav ו, Syriac waw ܘ and Arabic wāw و (sixth in abjadi order; 27th in modern Arabic order).
See Hebrew language and Waw (letter)
West Semitic languages
The West Semitic languages are a proposed major sub-grouping of ancient Semitic languages.
See Hebrew language and West Semitic languages
William Schniedewind
William M. Schniedewind (born 1962, New York City) holds the Kershaw Chair of Ancient Eastern Mediterranean Studies and is a Professor of Biblical Studies and Northwest Semitic Languages at the University of California, Los Angeles.
See Hebrew language and William Schniedewind
Yemenite Hebrew
Yemenite Hebrew (ʿĪvrīṯ Tēmŏnīṯ), also referred to as Temani Hebrew, is the pronunciation system for Hebrew traditionally used by Yemenite Jews. Hebrew language and Yemenite Hebrew are languages of Israel.
See Hebrew language and Yemenite Hebrew
Yiddish
Yiddish (ייִדיש, יידיש or אידיש, yidish or idish,,; ייִדיש-טײַטש, historically also Yidish-Taytsh) is a West Germanic language historically spoken by Ashkenazi Jews. Hebrew language and Yiddish are Jewish languages and languages of Israel.
See Hebrew language and Yiddish
Yishuv
Yishuv (lit), HaYishuv HaIvri (Hebrew settlement), or HaYishuv HaYehudi Be'Eretz Yisra'el denotes the body of Jewish residents in Palestine prior to the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948.
See Hebrew language and Yishuv
Yisrael Meir Kagan
Yisrael Meir ha-Kohen Kagan (January 26, 1838 – September 15, 1933) was an influential Lithuanian Jewish rabbi, Halakhist, posek, and ethicist whose works continue to be widely influential in Orthodox Jewish life.
See Hebrew language and Yisrael Meir Kagan
Yodh
Yodh (also spelled jodh, yod, or jod) is the tenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician yōd 𐤉, Hebrew yud י, Aramaic yod 𐡉, Syriac yōḏ ܝ, and Arabic yāʾ ي.
Yosef Garfinkel
Yosef Garfinkel (Hebrew: יוסף גרפינקל; born 1956) is an Israeli archaeologist and academic.
See Hebrew language and Yosef Garfinkel
Zayin
Zayin (also spelled zain or zayn or simply zay) is the seventh letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician zayn 𐤆, Hebrew zayīn ז, Aramaic zain 𐡆, Syriac zayn ܙ, and Arabic zāy ز.
Zionism
Zionism is an ethno-cultural nationalist movement that emerged in Europe in the late 19th century and aimed for the establishment of a Jewish state through the colonization of a land outside of Europe.
See Hebrew language and Zionism
1990s post-Soviet aliyah
In the years leading up to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and for just over a decade thereafter, a particularly large number of Jews emigrated from the Soviet Union and the post-Soviet countries.
See Hebrew language and 1990s post-Soviet aliyah
See also
Canaanite languages
- Ammonite language
- Biblical Hebrew
- Byblos syllabary
- Canaanite inscriptions
- Canaanite languages
- Canaanite shift
- Edomite language
- Hebrew language
- Kanaanäische und Aramäische Inschriften
- Moabite language
- Modern Hebrew
- Philistine language
- Phoenician language
- Proto-Canaanite alphabet
- Proto-Sinaitic script
- Punic language
- Samaritan Hebrew
Fusional languages
- American Sign Language
- Amharic
- Arabic
- Caribbean Hindustani
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Hebrews
- Epistle to the Hebrews
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Jewish languages
- Algerian Jewish Sign Language
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- List of Jewish diaspora languages
- Modern Hebrew
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Languages attested from the 10th century BC
- Aramaic
- Biblical Hebrew
- Eteocypriot language
- Hebrew language
- Old Aramaic
Languages of Israel
- Arabic
- Arabic language
- Arabic language in Israel
- Domari language
- Hebrew language
- Inter-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic
- Israeli Sign Language
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Barzani
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Betanure
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Urmia
- Jewish Neo-Aramaic dialect of Zakho
- Judaeo-Spanish
- Judeo-Iraqi Arabic
- Judeo-Moroccan Arabic
- Judeo-Persian
- Judeo-Syrian Arabic
- Judeo-Tripolitanian Arabic
- Judeo-Tunisian Arabic
- Judeo-Yemeni Arabic
- Kurdish language
- Languages of Israel
- Mashriqi Arabic
- Modern Hebrew
- Modern Palestinian Judeo-Arabic
- Northeastern Neo-Aramaic
- Northwest Arabian Arabic
- Palestinian Arabic
- Russian language in Israel
- South Levantine Arabic
- Trans-Zab Jewish Neo-Aramaic
- Vlax Romani language
- Western Aramaic languages
- Yemenite Hebrew
- Yevanic language
- Yiddish
References
Also known as 'Ivrit, Dikduk, Diqduq, Hebr., Hebraic, Hebraic language, Hebraica, Hebrew, Hebrew (language), Hebrew Grammar, Hebrew Language and Literature, Hebrew grammarian, Hebrew language/Introduction and History, Hebrew language/Morphology, Hebrew languages, Hebrew morphology, Hebrew text, Hebrew to Aramaic, Hebrew-language, Hewbrew, History of Hebrew, History of the Hebrew language, ISO 639-1:he, ISO 639:he, ISO 639:iw, Ivret, Ivrit, Iwrit, Jewish grammarians, Jewish grammatical tradition, Lashon ha-Kodesh, Liturgical Hebrew, Standard Hebrew, Standard Hebrew language, עִבְרִית, עברית.
, Bernard Spolsky, Bet (letter), Bible, Biblical Hebrew, Blasphemy, Book of Isaiah, Book of Sirach, Books of Kings, Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect), Calabria, Calque, Cambridge University Press, Canaan, Canaanite languages, Central Semitic languages, Chaim Menachem Rabin, Chayei Adam, Christian Palestinian Aramaic, Christianity, Classical Arabic, Clitic, Common Era, Conjunction (grammar), Construct state, Copper Scroll, Copula (linguistics), Cursive Hebrew, Cyrus the Great, Dalet, Dative case, David, David Ben-Gurion, David Kimhi, Dead Sea Scrolls, Deborah, Dunash ben Labrat, Eastern Europe, Ełk, Eber, Edomite language, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Ejective consonant, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda, Elisha Qimron, Endonym and exonym, English language, Ephraim Kholmyansky, Etruscan civilization, Euphrates, ʿApiru, First language, Foreign Service Institute, Frankfurt International School, French language, Functional load, Galilee, Gemara, Genitive case, Gezer, Gezer calendar, Ghayn, Ghil'ad Zuckermann, Gimel, Gittin, Glottal stop, Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain, Gospel of John, Gospel of Matthew, Grammatical case, Greek language, Gustaf Dalman, Guttural R, Haifa, Halakha, Hamagid, Hamas, Hapax legomenon, Haredi Judaism, Hasidic Judaism, Haskalah, Hayim Nahman Bialik, He (letter), Hebraism, Hebraization of English, Hebrew abbreviations, Hebrew alphabet, Hebrew Bible, Hebrew Braille, Hebrew cantillation, Hebrew diacritics, Hebrew Gospel hypothesis, Hebrew literature, Hebrew numerals, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hebrews, Heth, Historical Dictionary Project of the Hebrew Language, History of ancient Israel and Judah, History of the Middle East, Hyphen, Ibn Tibbon, Infix, Iosif Begun, Isaiah Scroll, Islam, Israel, Israel Hayom, Israeli Americans, Israeli Sign Language, Israelian Hebrew, Israelites, Jerusalem, Jerusalem Talmud, Jewish diaspora, Jewish languages, Jewish prayer, Jewish religious movements, Jews, Jo Ann Hackett, Jonah ibn Janah, Jordan River, Joseph Klausner, Josephus, Judaea (Roman province), Judaeo-Spanish, Judah ben David Hayyuj, Judah Halevi, Judaism, Judeo-Arabic dialects, Judeo-Aramaic languages, Judeo-Iraqi Arabic, Kaliningrad, Kaph, Königsberg, Khirbet Qeiyafa, Khirbet Qeiyafa ostracon, Kingdom of Israel (Samaria), Kingdom of Judah, Knesset, Koine Greek, Ktav Ashuri, Lachish letters, Lamedh, Language Contact and Lexical Enrichment in Israeli Hebrew, Language of Jesus, Language revitalization, Lashon Hakodesh, Late antiquity, Latin, Latin alphabet, Lenition, Lingua franca, Linguistics, List of English words of Hebrew origin, List of Hebrew dictionaries, List of Hebrew words of Persian origin, Litani River, Literary language, Maimonides, Mandatory Palestine, Masoretes, Mater lectionis, Me'assefim, Medieval Hebrew, Megillah (Talmud), Mekhilta of Rabbi Ishmael, Mem, Mesha Stele, Mesopotamia, Middle Ages, Middle East, Midrash, Midrash halakha, Ministry of Tourism (Israel), Mishnah, Mishnah Berurah, Mishnaic Hebrew, Mishneh Torah, Mizrahi Hebrew, Moabite language, Modern Hebrew phonology, Moses ibn Ezra, Moshe Zvi Segal, Mount Ebal curse tablet, Mutual intelligibility, Names of God in Judaism, Nebuchadnezzar II, Neo-Babylonian Empire, Neologism, New Testament, Niqqud, Northwest Semitic languages, Nun (letter), Official language, Ogg, Old Aramaic, Old French, Orthodox Judaism, Ottoman Empire, Paleo-Hebrew alphabet, Palestine (region), Palgrave Macmillan, Pe (Semitic letter), People's Commissariat for Education, Persian language, Pharisees, Pharyngeal consonant, Phoenicia, Phoenician alphabet, Phoenician language, Phono-semantic matching, Phonology, Pidgin, Poland, Prefixes in Hebrew, Present tense, Proto-Semitic language, Proto-Sinaitic script, Provence, Qoph, Qumran, Rabbinic literature, Rashi script, Refusenik, Reggio Calabria, Resh, Revival of the Hebrew language, Right-to-left script, Roman Empire, Romanization of Hebrew, Romantic nationalism, Russian language, Sacred language, Sadducees, Samaria, Samaritan Hebrew, Samaritan Pentateuch, Samaritan script, Samaritanism, Samaritans, Samekh, Satmar, Second Aliyah, Second Temple period, Secularization, Seminary, Semitic languages, Semitic root, Sephardi Hebrew, Sephardic Jews, Septuagint, Shaul Tchernichovsky, Shin (letter), Shtetl, Shva, Siege of Jerusalem (70 CE), Sifra, Sifre, Siloam inscription, Simon bar Kokhba, Solomon, Solomon ibn Gabirol, Song of Moses, South Africa, Southern Levant, Soviet Union, Spanish and Portuguese Jews, Spoken language, Standard language, Study of the Hebrew language, Syriac alphabet, Talmud, Tannaim, Taw, Teth, The Jewish Encyclopedia, Tiberian Hebrew, Tiberian vocalization, Tiberias, Torah reading, Tosefta, Transjordan (region), Tribe of Judah, Tsade, Turkey, Tzere, Ulpan, United States, Universal Coded Character Set, University College London, University of Texas at Austin, Verb–subject–object word order, Vernacular, Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps, Voiced uvular fricative, Voiced uvular trill, Vowel, Waw (letter), West Semitic languages, William Schniedewind, Yemenite Hebrew, Yiddish, Yishuv, Yisrael Meir Kagan, Yodh, Yosef Garfinkel, Zayin, Zionism, 1990s post-Soviet aliyah.