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186 relations: Abdul Karim Khan, Abhogi, Akbar, Ali Akbar Khan, All India Radio, Allauddin Khan, Aminuddin Dagar, Amir Khusrow, Antara (music), Arabic, Arabic maqam, Arohana, Asaf-ud-Daula, Ashtapadi, Avarohana, Awadh, Śruti, Bade Ghulam Ali Khan, Bandish, Bangladesh Betar, Bansuri, Barkat Ali Khan, Begum Akhtar, Benares State, Bengal, Bettiah, Bettiah Raj, Bhajan, Bhakti, Bharata Muni, Bishnupur gharana, Bol (music), Braj Bhasha, Buddhism, Carnatic music, Central Asia, Chaiti, Chakradhar Singh, Chandidas, Common Era, Daagh Dehlvi, Dadra, Dagar, Dangdut, Dattilam, Delhi Sultanate, Dhamar (music), Dhrupad, Dover Lane Music Conference, Drut, ..., Equal temperament, Folk music, Fred Gaisberg, Gandharva, Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, New Delhi, Gauhar Jaan, Ghalib, Gharana, Ghazal, Girija Devi, Gita Govinda, Gundecha Brothers, Gupta Empire, Guru Nanak, Gurukula, Gwalior, Gwalior gharana, Harballabh Sangeet Sammelan, Hindi, Hindu, Hindustani language, Holi, Indian classical music, Indonesia, Interval (music), ITC Sangeet Research Academy, ITC SRA Sangeet Sammelan, Jainism, Jalandhar, Jayadeva, Kabir, Kajari, Kālidāsa, Khyal, Kolkata, Lahore, Madhyalaya, Maharaja, Maihar, Man Singh Tomar, Marathi language, Marathi people, Meend, Meera, Meeta Pandit, Melakarta, Mian Ghulam Nabi Shori, Middle East, Mir Taqi Mir, Mirza Muhammad Rafi Sauda, Mode (music), Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq, Mridangam, Mughal Empire, Muhammad Shah, Muslim, Narada, Natya Shastra, Nawab, Nawab of Awadh, Nidhu Babu, Pakad, Pakhavaj, Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation, Pandit, Patiala State, Persian language, Pop music, Portamento, Prabha Atre, Pump organ, Pune, Qawwali, Raga, Ramayana, Rasa (aesthetics), Ravana, Ravi Shankar, Rondo, Rudra veena, Sadarang, Samavadi, Sangita Makarandha, Sangita Ratnakara, Santoor, Sarangadeva, Sarangi, Saraswati, Sarod, Sarpada, Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival, Shah Jahan, Sham Chaurasia gharana, Shehnai, Shobha Gurtu, Shruti (music), Siddheshwari Devi, Sitar, Siyaram Tiwari (musician), Slide guitar, Solfège, Soma (drink), Sthayi, Sufism, Surbahar, Sursingar, Svara, Tabla, Tala (music), Tanpura, Tansen, Tappa, Tarana, Thaat, The Times of India, Thumri, Tillana, Todi (raga), Turkish language, Uday Bhawalkar, Ustad, Vadi (music), Vaishnavism, Veena, Vidyapati, Vilambit, Violin, Vishnu Digambar Paluskar, Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande, Vishnudharmottara Purana, Vocal music, Wajid Ali Shah, Wasifuddin Dagar, West Bengal, Yaman Kalyan, Zeelaf. Expand index (136 more) »
Abdul Karim Khan
Ustad Abdul Karim Khan (Devanagari: अब्दुल करीम ख़ान, Persian script: استاد عبدالکریم خان) (11 November 1872 – 27 October 1937), Tribute to a Maestro, Abdul Karim Khan ITC Sangeet Research Academy website, Retrieved 25 April 2017 was an Indian classical singer and, along with his cousin Abdul Wahid Khan, the founder of the Kirana gharana.
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Abhogi
Abhogi (pronounced ābhōgi) is a raga in Carnatic music and has been adapted to Hindustani music.
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Akbar
Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (15 October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.
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Ali Akbar Khan
Ali Akbar Khan (14 April 192218 June 2009) was a Hindustani classical musician of the Maihar gharana, known for his virtuosity in playing the sarod.
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All India Radio
All India Radio (AIR), officially known since 1956 as Ākāshvāṇī ("Voice from the Sky") is the national public radio broadcaster of India and a division of Prasar Bharati.
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Allauddin Khan
Allauddin Khan, also known as Baba Allauddin Khan (1862 – 6 September 1972) was a sarod player and multi-instrumentalist, composer and one of the most renowned music teachers of the 20th century in Indian classical music.
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Aminuddin Dagar
Ustad Nasir Aminuddin Dagar (Indore, India 1923 - Kolkata, India 2000) was an Indian dhrupad singer in the dagar-vani style.
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Amir Khusrow
Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn ud-Dīn Khusrau (1253 – 1325) (ابوالحسن یمین الدین خسرو, ابوالحسن یمینالدین خسرو), better known as Amīr Khusrow Dehlavī, was a Sufi musician, poet and scholar from the Indian subcontinent.
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Antara (music)
Antarā is the equivalent of a verse in Hindustani classical music.
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Arabic
Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.
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Arabic maqam
Arabic maqam (maqām, literally "place"; مقامات) is the system of melodic modes used in traditional Arabic music, which is mainly melodic.
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Arohana
Arohana, Arohanam or Aroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the ascending scale of notes in a raga.
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Asaf-ud-Daula
Asaf-ud-Daula (आसफ़ उद दौला, آصف الدولہ) (b. 23 September 1748d. 21 September 1797) was the nawab wazir of Oudh (a vassal of the British) ratified by Shah Alam II, from 26 January 1775 to 21 September 1797, and the son of Shuja-ud-Dowlah.
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Ashtapadi
Ashtapadis or Ashtapadi refers to the Sanskrit hymns of the Geetha Govinda, composed by Jayadeva in the 12th Century.
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Avarohana
An Avarohana, Avarohanam or Avaroha, in the context of Indian classical music, is the descending scale of any raga.
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Awadh
Awadh (Hindi: अवध, اوَدھ),, known in British historical texts as Avadh or Oudh, is a region in the modern Indian state of Uttar Pradesh (before independence known as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh) and a small area of Nepal's Province No. 5.
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Śruti
Shruti or Shruthi (श्रुति;; IPA/Sanskrit) in Sanskrit means "that which is heard" and refers to the body of most authoritative, ancient religious texts comprising the central canon of Hinduism.
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Bade Ghulam Ali Khan
Bade Ghulam Ali Khan (بڑے غلام علی خان; c. 2 April 1902 – 23 April 1968) was a Hindustani classical vocalist, from the Patiala Gharana.
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Bandish
Bandish, cheez or gat is a fixed, melodic composition in Hindustani vocal or instrumental music.
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Bangladesh Betar
Bangladesh Betar (বাংলাদেশ বেতার) or BB is the state-owned radio broadcasting organisation of Bangladesh.
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Bansuri
A bansuri is a side blown flute found in many parts of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal, and a musical instrument that is common in the North Indian or Hindustani classical music.
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Barkat Ali Khan
Ustad Barkat Ali Khan (1908 – 19 June 1963) was an Pakistani classical singer, younger brother of Bade Ghulam Ali Khan and elder brother of Mubarak Ali Khan, and belonged to the Patiala gharana of music.
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Begum Akhtar
Akhtari Bai Faizabadi, also known as Begum Akhtar (Mustri Bai) (7 October 1914 – 30 October 1974), was a well-known Indian singer of Ghazal, Dadra, and Thumri genres of Hindustani classical music.
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Benares State
Benares or Banaras State was a princely state in what is today India during the British Raj.
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Bengal
Bengal (Bānglā/Bôngô /) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in Asia, which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.
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Bettiah
Bettiah is a city and administrative headquarters of West Champaran district (Tirhut Division) - (Tirhut), near Indo-Nepal border, 225 kilometres north-west of Patna, in Bihar state of India.
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Bettiah Raj
Bettiah Raj was the second-largest zamindari estate in the region of India now known as Bihar.
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Bhajan
A bhajan literally means "sharing".
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Bhakti
Bhakti (भक्ति) literally means "attachment, participation, fondness for, homage, faith, love, devotion, worship, purity".
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Bharata Muni
Bharata Muni was an ancient Indian theatrologist and musicologist who wrote the Natya Shastra, a theoretical treatise on ancient Indian dramaturgy and histrionics, especially Sanskrit theatre.
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Bishnupur gharana
The Bishnupur gharana (alternatively spelt Vishnupur gharana) (pronounced as /biʃ.nu.pur gʱɔ.ra.na/) is a form of singing that follows the dhrupad tradition of Hindustani music, one of the two forms of Indian classical music.
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Bol (music)
A bol is a mnemonic syllable.
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Braj Bhasha
Braj Bhāshā is a Western Hindi language.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
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Carnatic music
Carnatic music, Karnāṭaka saṃgīta or Karnāṭaka saṅgītam is a system of music commonly associated with southern India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, as well as Sri Lanka.
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Central Asia
Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.
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Chaiti
Chaiti are a semi-classical songs sung in the Hindu calendar month of Chait.
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Chakradhar Singh
Raja Chakradhar Singh Bahadur (19 August 1905 −7 October 1947) was the Raja of Raigarh and Chief of Bargarh ruled by Gond dynasty.
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Chandidas
Chandidas (চণ্ডীদাস; born 1408 CE) refers to a medieval poet of Bengal or possibly more than one.
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Common Era
Common Era or Current Era (CE) is one of the notation systems for the world's most widely used calendar era – an alternative to the Dionysian AD and BC system.
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Daagh Dehlvi
Daagh Dehlvi (داغ دہلوی, दाग़ देहलवी) born Nawab Mirza Khan (نواب مرزا خان, नवाब मिर्ज़ा ख़ान) (25 May 1831 – 17 March 1905) was a poet known for his Urdu ghazals.
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Dadra
Dadra is either of two separate but originally linked concepts in Hindustani classical music.
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Dagar
Dagar may refer to.
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Dangdut
Dangdut is a genre of Indonesian folk and traditional popular music that is partly derived from Hindustani, Malay, and Arabic music.
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Dattilam
Dattilam is an ancient Indian musical text ascribed to the sage (muni) Dattila.
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Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate (Persian:دهلی سلطان, Urdu) was a Muslim sultanate based mostly in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).
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Dhamar (music)
Dhamar is one of the talas used in Hindustani classical music.
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Dhrupad
Dhrupad is a genre in Hindustani classical music.
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Dover Lane Music Conference
The Dover Lane Music Conference is an annual Indian classical music festival held in the month of January at Nazrul Mancha, an auditorium in south Kolkata.
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Drut
Drut (द्रुत; also called drut laya) is the concluding section, in fast tempo (or laya), between 160 and 320 beats per minute, of the performance of a vocal raga in Hindustani classical music.
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Equal temperament
An equal temperament is a musical temperament, or a system of tuning, in which the frequency interval between every pair of adjacent notes has the same ratio.
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Folk music
Folk music includes both traditional music and the genre that evolved from it during the 20th century folk revival.
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Fred Gaisberg
Frederick William Gaisberg (1 January 1873 – 2 September 1951) was an American musician, recording engineer and one of the earliest classical music producers for the gramophone.
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Gandharva
Gandharva is a name used for distinct heavenly beings in Hinduism and Buddhism; it is also a term for skilled singers in Indian classical music.
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Gandharva Mahavidyalaya, New Delhi
Gandharva Mahavidyalaya New Delhi is an institution established in 1939 to popularize Indian classical music and dance.
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Gauhar Jaan
Gauhar Jaan (born Angelina Yeoward, 26 June 1873 – 17 January 1930) was an Indian singer and dancer from Calcutta.
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Ghalib
Ghalib (غاؔلِب, ग़ालिब.), born Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan (Urdu:, मिर्ज़ा असदुल्लाह् बेग खiन), 26 June 1797 – 15 February 1869), was a prominent Urdu and Persian-language poet during the last years of the Mughal Empire. He used his pen-names of Ghalib (Urdu:, ġhālib means "dominant") and Asad (Urdu:, Asad means "lion"). His honorific was Dabir-ul-Mulk, Najm-ud-Daula. During his lifetime the Mughals were eclipsed and displaced by the British and finally deposed following the defeat of the Indian rebellion of 1857, events that he described. Most notably, he wrote several ghazals during his life, which have since been interpreted and sung in many different ways by different people. Ghalib, the last great poet of the Mughal Era, is considered to be one of the most famous and influential poets of the Urdu language. Today Ghalib remains popular not only in India and Pakistan but also among the Hindustani diaspora around the world.
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Gharana
In Hindustani music, a gharānā is a system of social organization linking musicians or dancers by lineage or apprenticeship, and by adherence to a particular musical style.
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Ghazal
The ghazal (غزَل, غزل, غزل), a type of amatory poem or ode, originating in Arabic poetry.
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Girija Devi
Girija Devi (8 May 1929 – 24 October 2017) was an Indian classical singer of the Seniya and Banaras gharanas.
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Gita Govinda
The Gita Govinda (ଗୀତ ଗୋବିନ୍ଦ, Bengali:গীতগোবিন্দ, Devanagari: गीत गोविन्द) (Song of Govinda) is a work composed by the 12th-century Indian poet, Jayadeva.
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Gundecha Brothers
Umakant Gundecha and Ramakant Gundecha, known as the Gundecha Brothers, are leading Dagarvani dhrupad singers.
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Gupta Empire
The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire, existing from approximately 240 to 590 CE.
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Guru Nanak
Guru Nanak (IAST: Gurū Nānak) (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539) was the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.
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Gurukula
Gurukula (gurukula) was a type of residential schooling system in ancient India with shishya (students) living near or with the guru, in the same house.
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Gwalior
Gwalior is a major and the northern-most city in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh and one of the Counter-magnet cities.
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Gwalior gharana
The Gwalior Gharana is the oldest Khyal Gharana in Indian classical music.
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Harballabh Sangeet Sammelan
Harballabh Sangeet Sammelan is the oldest festival of Indian Classical Music in the world, which is celebrated every year at the sacred seat of music, the samadhi of Baba Harballabh – a saint and an exponent of Hindustani Classical Music.
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Hindi
Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST: Hindī), or Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, IAST: Mānak Hindī) is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language.
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Hindu
Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.
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Hindustani language
Hindustani (हिन्दुस्तानी, ہندوستانی, ||lit.
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Holi
Holi (Holī), also known as the "festival of colours", is a spring festival celebrated all across the Indian subcontinent as well as in countries with large Indian subcontinent diaspora populations such as Jamaica, Suriname, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, South Africa, Malaysia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, Mauritius, and Fiji.
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Indian classical music
Indian classical music is a genre of South Asian music.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.
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Interval (music)
In music theory, an interval is the difference between two pitches.
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ITC Sangeet Research Academy
ITC Sangeet Research Academy is a Hindustani classical music academy run by the corporate house, ITC Ltd..
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ITC SRA Sangeet Sammelan
ITC SRA Sangeet Sammelan is an annual Indian classical music festival organised by ITC Sangeet Research Academy held by turn in various cities in India.
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Jainism
Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion.
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Jalandhar
Jalandhar, formerly known as Jullundur in British India, is a city in the Doaba region of the northwestern Indian state of Punjab.
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Jayadeva
Jayadeva (b.), also known as Jaidev, was a Sanskrit poet during the 12th century.
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Kabir
Kabir (कबीर, IAST: Kabīr) was a 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint, whose writings influenced Hinduism's Bhakti movement and his verses are found in Sikhism's scripture Guru Granth Sahib.
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Kajari
Kajri derived from the Hindi word Kajra, or Kohl, is a genre of semi-classical singing, popular in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
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Kālidāsa
Kālidāsa was a Classical Sanskrit writer, widely regarded as the greatest poet and dramatist in the Sanskrit language of India.
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Khyal
Khyal or Khayal is the modern genre of classical singing in North India.
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Kolkata
Kolkata (also known as Calcutta, the official name until 2001) is the capital of the Indian state of West Bengal.
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Lahore
Lahore (لاہور, لہور) is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Punjab, and is the country’s second-most populous city after Karachi.
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Madhyalaya
Madhya laya or Madhyalaya is a medium tempo of a rhythm in Indian classical music.
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Maharaja
Mahārāja (महाराज, also spelled Maharajah, Moharaja) is a Sanskrit title for a "great ruler", "great king" or "high king".
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Maihar
Maihar is a town with municipality in Satna district in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.
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Man Singh Tomar
Raja Man Singh Tomar was a Tomar ruler of Gwalior who ascended the throne in 1486 CE.
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Marathi language
Marathi (मराठी Marāṭhī) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken predominantly by the Marathi people of Maharashtra, India.
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Marathi people
The Marathi people (मराठी लोक) are an ethnic group that speak Marathi, an Indo-Aryan language.
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Meend
In Hindustani music, meend (Hindi: मीण्ड़ ْ, میند) refers to a glide from one note to another.
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Meera
Meera, also known as Meera Bai or Mirabai (1498-1546) was a Hindu mystic poet and disciple of Sri Guru Ravidass, a lower caste shoe maker.
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Meeta Pandit
Meeta Pandit is a Hindustani Classical vocalist belonging to the Gwalior Gharana.
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Melakarta
Mēḷakarta is a collection of fundamental musical scales (ragas) in Carnatic music (South Indian classical music).
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Mian Ghulam Nabi Shori
Mian Ghulam Nabi Shori popularly known as Shori Mian (1742–92) was an Indian composer of Hindustani classical music.
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Middle East
The Middle Easttranslit-std; translit; Orta Şərq; Central Kurdish: ڕۆژھەڵاتی ناوین, Rojhelatî Nawîn; Moyen-Orient; translit; translit; translit; Rojhilata Navîn; translit; Bariga Dhexe; Orta Doğu; translit is a transcontinental region centered on Western Asia, Turkey (both Asian and European), and Egypt (which is mostly in North Africa).
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Mir Taqi Mir
Meer Muhammad Taqi Meer ' (مِیر تقی مِیرؔ—), whose ''takhallus'' (pen name) was Mir (مِیرؔ—) (sometimes also spelt Meer Taqi Meer) (February 1723 - 21 September 1810), was the leading Urdu poet of the 18th century, and one of the pioneers who gave shape to the Urdu language itself.
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Mirza Muhammad Rafi Sauda
Mirza Muhammad Rafi 'Sauda' (مِرزا مُحمّد رفِیع سَودا), (1713–1781) was an Urdu poet in Delhi, India.
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Mode (music)
In the theory of Western music, a mode is a type of musical scale coupled with a set of characteristic melodic behaviors.
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Mohammad Ibrahim Zauq
Sheikh Muhammad Ibrahim Zauq (1789–1854) (شیخ محمد اِبراہِیم ذَوؔق) was an Urdu poet and scholar of literature, poetry and religion.
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Mridangam
The Mridangam is a percussion instrument from India of ancient origin.
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Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.
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Muhammad Shah
Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah (born Roshan Akhtar) (7 August 1702 – 26 April 1748) was Mughal emperor from 1719 to 1748.
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Muslim
A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.
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Narada
Narada (Sanskrit: नारद, Nārada) is a Vedic sage, famous in Hindu traditions as a traveling musician and storyteller, who carries news and enlightening wisdom.
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Natya Shastra
The Nāṭya Śāstra (Sanskrit: नाट्य शास्त्र, Nāṭyaśāstra) is a Sanskrit Hindu text on the performing arts.
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Nawab
Nawab (Eastern Nagari: নবাব/নওয়াব, Devanagari: नवाब/नबाब, Perso-Arab: نواب) also spelt Nawaab, Navaab, Navab, Nowab The title nawab was also awarded as a personal distinction by the paramount power, similarly to a British peerage, to persons and families who never ruled a princely state.
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Nawab of Awadh
The Nawab of Awadh or the Nawab of Oudh was the title of the rulers who governed the state of Awadh (anglicised as Oudh) in north India during the 18th and 19th centuries.
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Nidhu Babu
Ramnidhi Gupta (রামনিধি গুপ্ত) (1741–1839), commonly known as Nidhu Babu, is one of the great reformers of Bengali tappā music.
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Pakad
In Hindustani music, a pakad is a generally accepted musical phrase (or set of phrases) thought to encapsulate the essence of a particular raga.
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Pakhavaj
The pakhawaj or mridang is an Indian barrel-shaped, two-headed drum, a variant and descendant of the older mridang.
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Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation
The Pakistan Broadcasting Corporation (پاکستان نشریات), branded as Radio Pakistan (رادیو پاکستان), is a Pakistani federal corporation that serves as the national public radio and television broadcaster.
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Pandit
A pandit (paṇḍita; also spelled pundit, pronounced; abbreviated as Pt. or Pdt.; Panditain or Punditain can refer to a female pundit or the wife of a pundit) is a Brahmin scholar or a teacher of any field of knowledge in Hinduism, particularly the Vedic scriptures, dharma, Hindu philosophy, or secular subjects such as music.
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Patiala State
Patiala State was a self-governing princely state outside British India during the British Raj period in the Indian sub-continent.
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Persian language
Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.
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Pop music
Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s.
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Portamento
In music, portamento (plural: portamenti, from portamento, meaning "carriage" or "carrying") is a pitch sliding from one note to another.
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Prabha Atre
Prabha Atre (born 13 September 1932) is an Indian classical vocalist from the Kirana gharana.
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Pump organ
The pump organ, reed organ, harmonium, or melodeon is a type of free-reed organ that generates sound as air flows past a vibrating piece of thin metal in a frame.
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Pune
Pune, formerly spelled Poona (1857–1978), is the second largest city in the Indian state of Maharashtra, after Mumbai.
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Qawwali
Qawwali (Nastaʿlīq:; Punjabi: ਕਵਾਲੀ (Gurmukhi); Hindi: क़व्वाली; Bangla: কাওয়ালি) is a form of Sufi devotional music popular in South Asia: in the Punjab and Sindh regions of Pakistan; in Hyderabad, Delhi and other parts of India, especially North India; as well as Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet divisions of Bangladesh.
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Raga
A raga or raaga (IAST: rāga; also raag or ragam; literally "coloring, tingeing, dyeing") is a melodic framework for improvisation akin to a melodic mode in Indian classical music.
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Ramayana
Ramayana (रामायणम्) is an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana.
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Rasa (aesthetics)
A rasa (रस, രാസ്യം.) literally means "juice, essence or taste".
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Ravana
Ravana (IAST: Rāvaṇa;; Sanskrit: रावण) is a character in the Hindu epic Ramayana where he is depicted as the Rakshasa king of Lanka.
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Ravi Shankar
Ravi Shankar (Bengali: রবি শঙ্কর) (7 April 192011 December 2012), born Rabindra Shankar Chowdhury, his name often preceded by the title Pandit ('Master'), was an Indian musician and a composer of Hindustani classical music.
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Rondo
Rondo and its French part-equivalent, rondeau, are words that have been used in music in a number of ways, most often in reference to a musical form but also to a character type that is distinct from the form.
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Rudra veena
The rudra veena (also spelled rudra vina, रुद्रवीणा, রুদ্রবীণা), and also called bīn (Hindi: बीन in North India), is a large plucked string instrument used in Hindustani classical music, one of the major types of veena played in Indian classical music.
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Sadarang
Sadarang (1670–1748) was the pen name of the Hindustani musical composer and artist Niyamat Khan.
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Samavadi
The samavadi is the second-most prominent (though not necessarily second-most played) note of a raga in Indian classical music.
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Sangita Makarandha
Sangita Makaranda is an ancient work on classical music written by Narada.
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Sangita Ratnakara
The Sangita-Ratnakara, सङ्गीतरत्नाकर, (IAST: Saṅgīta ratnākara), literally "Ocean of Music and Dance", is one of the most important Sanskrit musicological texts from India.
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Santoor
The santoor is an Indo-Persian trapezoid-shaped hammered dulcimer or string musical instrument generally made of walnut, usually with seventy-two strings.
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Sarangadeva
Śārṅgadeva (1175–1247) (शार्ङ्गदेव), also spelled Sharngadeva or Sarnga Deva, was the 13th-century Indian musicologist who authored Sangita Ratnakara – the classical Sanskrit text on music and drama.
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Sarangi
The sārangī (Hindi: सारंगी, Punjabi: ਸਾਰੰਗੀ, سارنگی, Nepali: सारङ्गी) is a bowed, short-necked string instrument from India as well as Nepal and Pakistan which is used in Hindustani classical music.
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Saraswati
Saraswati (सरस्वती) is the Hindu goddess of knowledge, music, art, wisdom and learning worshipped throughout Nepal and India.
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Sarod
The sarod (or sarode) (सरोद, সরোদ) is a stringed instrument, used mainly in Hindustani music.
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Sarpada
Sarpada is a raga in Hindustani classical music.
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Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Festival
The Sawai Gandharva Bhimsen Mahotsav (formerly known as the Sawai Gandharva Sangeet Mahotsav and simply known as Sawai) is an annual Indian Classical music festival held in Pune since 1953.
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Shah Jahan
Mirza Shahab-ud-din Baig Muhammad Khan Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan (شاہ جہاں), (Persian:شاه جهان "King of the World"), was the fifth Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1628 to 1658.
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Sham Chaurasia gharana
Sham Chaurasi Gharana is a gharana (singing style) in Hindustani classical music known for the singing of vocal duets, most notably represented in modern times by the brothers Nazakat and Salamat Ali Khan.
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Shehnai
The shehnai, shenoy, sanai, shahnai, shenai, shanai or mangal vadya or sahanai (शहनाई, শানাই, सनई, ଶାହାନାଇ, ಸನಾದಿ) is a musical instrument similar to the oboe, common in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh.
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Shobha Gurtu
Shobha Gurtu (1925–2004) was an Indian singer in the light Hindustani classical style.
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Shruti (music)
Shruti or śruti, is a Sanskrit word, found in the Vedic texts of Hinduism where it means lyrics and "what is heard" in general.
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Siddheshwari Devi
Siddheswari Devi (1908– 18 March 1977) was a Hindustani singer from Varanasi, India, known as Maa (mother).
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Sitar
The sitar (or; सितार, Punjabi: ਸਿਤਾਰ) is a plucked stringed instrument used in Hindustani classical music.
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Siyaram Tiwari (musician)
Pandit Siyaram Tiwari (10 March 1919 – 1998) was an Indian classical singer and leading exponent of Dhrupad-genre of Hindustani classical music.
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Slide guitar
Slide guitar is a particular technique for playing the guitar that is often used in blues-style music.
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Solfège
In music, solfège or solfeggio, also called sol-fa, solfa, solfeo, among many names, is a music education method used to teach pitch and sight singing of Western music.
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Soma (drink)
Soma (सोम) or haoma (Avestan) is a Vedic ritual drink of importance among the early Indians.
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Sthayi
Sthayi or Asthaayi is an initial phrase or line of a fixed, melodic composition in Hindustani music.
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Sufism
Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.
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Surbahar
Surbahar, (pronunciation: सुरबहार), (literally: "Spring Melody" in Hindi), sometimes known as bass sitar, is a plucked string instrument used in the Hindustani classical music of North India.
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Sursingar
The sursingar (IAST), sursringar or surshringar (Sringara: Pleasure in Sanskrit), is a musical instrument from India having many similarities with the sarod.
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Svara
Swara (Hindi स्वर), also spelled swara, is a Sanskrit word that connotes a note in the successive steps of the octave.
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Tabla
The tabla is a membranophone percussion instrument originating from the Indian subcontinent, consisting of a pair of drums, used in traditional, classical, popular and folk music.
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Tala (music)
A Tala (IAST tāla), sometimes spelled Taal or Tal, literally means a "clap, tapping one's hand on one's arm, a musical measure".
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Tanpura
The tanpura (तानपूरा; or tambura, tanpuri) is a long-necked plucked string instrument found in various forms in Indian music.
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Tansen
Tansen (c. 1500 – 1586), also referred to as Tan Sen / Ramtanu, was a prominent figure of North Indian (Hindustani) classical music.
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Tappa
Tappa is a form of Indian semi-classical vocal music.
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Tarana
Tarana is a type of composition in Hindustani classical vocal music in which certain words and syllables (e.g. "odani", "todani", "tadeem" and "yalali") based on Persian and Arabic phonemes are rendered at a medium (madhya) or fast (drut) pace (laya).
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Thaat
A thāt (ठाट; थाट; ঠাট; ٹھاٹھ; also transliterated as thaat) is a mode in north Indian or Hindustani music.
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The Times of India
The Times of India (TOI) is an Indian English-language daily newspaper owned by The Times Group.
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Thumri
Thumrī is a common genre of semi-classical Indian music.
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Tillana
A Tillana or thillana is a rhythmic piece in Carnatic music that is generally performed at the end of a concert and widely used in classical indian dance performances.
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Todi (raga)
Todi (तोडी.) is a classical raga which gave its name to the Todi thaat, one of the ten types of classical music according to the musicologist Bhatkhande.
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Turkish language
Turkish, also referred to as Istanbul Turkish, is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 10–15 million native speakers in Southeast Europe (mostly in East and Western Thrace) and 60–65 million native speakers in Western Asia (mostly in Anatolia).
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Uday Bhawalkar
Pandit Uday Bhawalkar is an Indian classical vocalist.
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Ustad
Ustād (abbreviated as Ust., Ut. or Ud.; from Persian استاد) is an honorific title for a man used in the Middle East, South Asia and Southeast Asia.
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Vadi (music)
Vadi, in both Hindustani classical music and Carnatic music, is the tonic (root) swara (musical note) of a given raga (musical scale).
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Vaishnavism
Vaishnavism (Vaishnava dharma) is one of the major traditions within Hinduism along with Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism.
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Veena
The veena (வீணை, वीणा, IAST: vīṇā), comprises a family of chordophone instruments of the Indian subcontinent.
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Vidyapati
Vidyapati (1352–1448), also known by the sobriquet Maithil Kavi Kokil (the poet cuckoo of Maithili), was a Maithili poet and a Sanskrit writer.
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Vilambit
Vilambit (Hindi: विलंबित; also called vilambit laya) is an introductory slow tempo, or laya, between 10 and 40 beats per minute, used in the performance of a raga in Hindustani classical music.
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Violin
The violin, also known informally as a fiddle, is a wooden string instrument in the violin family.
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Vishnu Digambar Paluskar
Pandit Vishnu Digambar Paluskar (18 August 1872 – 21 August 1931) was a Hindustani musician.
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Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande
Pandit Vishnu Narayan Bhatkhande (10 August 1860 – 19 September 1936) was an Indian musicologist who wrote the first modern treatise on Hindustani classical music (The north Indian variety of Indian classical music), an art which had been propagated earlier for a few centuries mostly through oral traditions.
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Vishnudharmottara Purana
The Vishnudharmottara Purana (or the Vishnudharmottara) is a Hindu text, encyclopedic in nature.
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Vocal music
Vocal music is a type of music performed by one or more singers, either with instrumental accompaniment, or without instrumental accompaniment (a cappella), in which singing provides the main focus of the piece.
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Wajid Ali Shah
Wajid Ali Shah (واجد علی شاہ) (30 July 1822 – 1 September 1887) was the tenth and last Nawab of Awadh, holding the position for 9 years, from 13 February 1847 to 11 February 1856.
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Wasifuddin Dagar
Faiyaz Wasifuddin Dagar is an Indian classical singer of the dhrupad genre and the son of dhrupad singer Ustad Nasir Faiyazuddin Dagar.
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West Bengal
West Bengal (Paśchimbāṅga) is an Indian state, located in Eastern India on the Bay of Bengal.
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Yaman Kalyan
Yaman Kalyan is a Hindustani classical raga, related to Yaman.
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Zeelaf
Zeelaf is a raga in Hindustani classical music.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindustani_classical_music
