Communication

288 relations: Abu Nidal Organization, Achrafieh, Aishiya, Aitaroun, Akkar District, Al-Manar, Alaa Zalzali, Alawites, Aline Khalaf, Amal Hijazi, Amal Movement, American University of Beirut, American University of Science and Technology, Amine Gemayel, Amioun, Antelias, Anti-Lebanon Mountains, Antoine Ghanem, Arab Deterrent Force, Arab League, Arabic, Aramaic language, Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenian Catholic Church, Armenian Democratic Liberal Party, Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Lebanon, Armenians in Lebanon, Assi Rahbani, Élias Sarkis, Émile Eddé, Émile Lahoud, Ba'ath Party, Baabda, Baalbek, Bachir Gemayel, Bahia Hariri, Bassel Fleihan, Batroumine, Batroun, Bdadoun, Bechara El Khoury, Beirut, Beirut Arab University, Beirut Governorate, Beirut Nights, Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport, Beqaa Governorate, Bint Jbeil, Blue Line (Lebanon), ..., Bourj Hammoud, Brigitte Yaghi, Bsharri, Bsharri District, Byblos, Camille Chamoun, Carlos Eddé, Carole Samaha, Cedar Revolution, Cedrus libani, Centre d'Etudes Universitaires de Zahlé et de la Békaa, Charbel Rouhana, Charles Corm, Charles Helou, Charles Malik, Chekka, Chouf District, Constitution of Lebanon, Cornet Chahwan, Culture of Lebanon, Damour, Dany Chamoun, Demographics of Lebanon, Diana Haddad, Dimane, Dina Hayek, Districts of Lebanon, Dory Chamoun, Druze, Eastern Catholic Churches, Economy of Lebanon, El Mina, Lebanon, Elections in Lebanon, Elias Hrawi, Elie Hobeika, Elissa (Lebanese singer), Emile Riachi, Etienne Saqr, Fadi Frem, Fadl Shaker, Fairuz, Fares Karam, FFA Private Bank, FitzGerald Report, Flag of Lebanon, Football in Lebanon, Foreign relations of Lebanon, Free Shia Movement, French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, Fuad Chehab, Geography of Lebanon, George Wassouf, Governorates of Lebanon, Greek Orthodox Church, Green Line (Lebanon), Green Party of Lebanon, Guardians of the Cedars, Habib Malik, Haifa Wehbe, Haigazian University, Hassan Nasrallah, Health, Hezbollah, History of Lebanon, Holy See of Cilicia, Hula massacre, Jad Shwery, Jeita Grotto, Joseph Attieh, Jounieh, Julia Boutros, Kahlil Gibran, Kamal Jumblatt, Kamal Salibi, Karantina, Kataeb Party, Kfar Dibiane, Khiam, Koura District, Lebanese Academy of Sciences, Lebanese American University, Lebanese Arabic, Lebanese Armed Forces, Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese cuisine, Lebanese Forces, Lebanese Front, Lebanese hip hop, Lebanese Palestinian Dialogue Committee, Lebanese Physically Handicapped Union, Lebanese pound, Lebanese Red Cross, Lebanese University, Lebanon, LGBT rights in Lebanon, List of attacks in Lebanon, List of cities and towns in Lebanon, List of hospitals in Lebanon, List of Lebanese in Syrian jails, List of Lebanese people, List of Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch, List of museums in Lebanon, List of newspapers in Lebanon, List of people on the postage stamps of Lebanon, List of political parties in Lebanon, List of Presidents of Lebanon, List of Prime Ministers of Lebanon, List of Speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon, List of universities in Lebanon, Lists of country-related topics, Lydia Canaan, Majida El Roumi, Mansour Rahbani, March 14 Alliance, March 8 Alliance, Mardaites, Maronite Church, Marwan Khoury, Maurice Gemayel, Melhem Zein, Michel Aoun, Michel Suleiman, Middle East Airlines, Mount Lebanon, Music of Lebanon, Myriam Fares, Nabatieh, Nabatieh Governorate, Nabih Berri, Nadim Gemayel, Najib Mikati, Najwa Karam, Names of the Levant, Nancy Ajram, Nancy Nasrallah, Naqoura, Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir, National Bloc (Lebanon), National Evangelical Church of Beirut, National Liberal Party (Lebanon), National Pact, Nawal Al Zoghbi, Nayla Moawad, Nejmeh SC, Nelly Makdessy, Nicole Saba, North Governorate, Omar Karami, Orontes River, Ottoman Empire, Palestinians, Parliament of Lebanon, Pascale Machaalani, Paul Guiragossian, Phoenicia, Phoenician alphabet, Phoenician language, Pierre Amine Gemayel, Pierre Gemayel, Politics of Lebanon, Progressive Socialist Party, Qana airstrike, Qana massacre, Qornet Shehwan Gathering, Rabieh, Rafic Hariri, Ragheb Alama, Rahbani brothers, Ramy Ayach, Randa Chahal Sabag, Rashid Karami, Raymond Eddé, Razan Moughrabi, Religion in Lebanon, René Moawad, Saad Haddad, Saad Hariri, Sabah (singer), Sabra and Shatila massacre, Saeb Salam, Said Akl, Saint Joseph University, Salim Bey Karam, Samir Geagea, Sannine Zenith Lebanon, Sarepta, Selim Hoss, Shafik Wazzan, Shebaa farms, Shia Islam, Sidon, Six-Day War, Social Democrat Hunchakian Party, Solange Gemayel, Solidere, South Governorate, South Lebanon Army, Southern Lebanon, Suleiman Frangieh, Suleiman Frangieh Jr., Sunni Islam, Suzanne Tamim, Sykes–Picot Agreement, Syrian occupation of Lebanon, Syrian Social Nationalist Party, Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party, Taif Agreement, Telecommunications in Lebanon, Tigers Militia, Tony Frangieh, Tourism in Lebanon, Tracy Chamoun, Transport in Lebanon, Tripoli, Lebanon, Tyre, Lebanon, United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583, United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701, United Nations Security Council Resolution 425, University of Balamand, Wadih El Safi, Wael Kfoury, Walid Jumblatt, Water supply and sanitation in Lebanon, Youssef Bey Karam, Youssef Salim Karam, Yusuf al-Khal, Zahlé, Zgharta, Zgharta Liberation Army, Ziad Rahbani, .lb, 1948 Arab–Israeli War, 1958 Lebanon crisis, 1978 South Lebanon conflict, 1982 Lebanon War, 2011 Estonian cyclists abduction. 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Abu Nidal Organization

The Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) is the most common name for the Palestinian militant group Fatah – The Revolutionary Council (Fatah al-Majles al-Thawry).

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Achrafieh

Achrafieh (الأشرفية; Achrafieh; Աշրաֆիեհ) also spelled Ashrafieh and Ashrafiyeh, is one of the oldest districts of Beirut, Lebanon.

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Aishiya

Aishiya (عيشية.) is a Christian village in southern Lebanon and the site of a battle on October 19, 1976.

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Aitaroun

Aitaroun (or Aytaroun, Arabic: عيترون) is a Lebanese village located in the caza of Bint-Jbeil at 33.1156° North, 35.4722° East.

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Akkar District

Akkar District (قضاء عكار) is the only district in Akkar Governorate, Lebanon.

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Al-Manar

Al-Manar (Arabic:المنار al-Manār;English: the beacon) is a Lebanese satellite television station affiliated with Hezbollah, 21 November 2008, Ya Libnan broadcasting from Beirut, Lebanon.

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Alaa Zalzali

Alaa Zalzali (علاء زلزلي; born Ali Ahmed Zalzali; October 18, 1969) is a Lebanese singer.

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Alawites

The Alawis, also rendered as Alawites (علوية Alawiyyah/Alawīyah), are a syncretic sect of the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, primarily centered in Syria.

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Aline Khalaf

Aline Khalaf (إلين خلف) (born 24 April 1974) is a Lebanese singer.

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Amal Hijazi

Amal Hijazi (أمل حجازي) is a Lebanese singer.

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Amal Movement

The Amal Movement (or Hope Movement in English, حركة أمل) is a Lebanese political party associated with Lebanon's Shia community.

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American University of Beirut

The American University of Beirut (AUB); الجامعة الأمريكية في بيروت) is a private, secular and independent university in Beirut, Lebanon. Degrees awarded at the American University of Beirut (AUB) are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents. The university is ranked number 1 in the Arab region and 235 in the world in the 2018 QS World University Rankings. The American University of Beirut is governed by a private, autonomous Board of Trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees. It collaborates with many universities around the world, notably with Columbia University, George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences in Washington, DC; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and the University of Paris. The current president is Fadlo R. Khuri, MD. The American University of Beirut (AUB) boasts an operating budget of $380 million with an endowment of approximately $500 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English.

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American University of Science and Technology

The American University of Science and Technology (AUST), (Université américaine de sciences et technologie or الجامعة الأميركية للعلوم والتكنولوجيا), is a private, non-sectarian and co-educational American university in Lebanon.

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Amine Gemayel

Amine Pierre Gemayel (أمين بيار الجميٌل; born 22 January 1942) is a Lebanese politician who was President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988 and was the leader of Kataeb Party.

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Amioun

Amioun (translit, Αμιούν) is the capital of the predominantly Greek Orthodox Koura District (i.e. χώρα, "country" in Greek) in the north of Lebanon.

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Antelias

Antelias (أنطلياس) is a town in Lebanon.

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Anti-Lebanon Mountains

The Anti-Lebanon Mountains (Jibāl Lubnān ash-Sharqiyyah, "Eastern Mountains of Lebanon"; Lebanese Arabic:, Jbel esh-Shar'iyyeh, "Eastern Mountains") are a southwest-northeast-trending mountain range that forms most of the border between Syria and Lebanon.

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Antoine Ghanem

Antoine Ghanem (Arabic: أنطوان غانم) (10 August 1943 – 19 September 2007) was a Lebanese politician and an MP in the Lebanese Parliament.

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Arab Deterrent Force

The Arab Deterrent Force (ADF; Arabic: قوات الردع العربية) was an international peacekeeping force created by the Arab League in the extraordinary Riyadh Summit on 17–18 October 1976, attended only by heads of state from Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria.

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Arab League

The Arab League (الجامعة العربية), formally the League of Arab States (جامعة الدول العربية), is a regional organization of Arab states in and around North Africa, the Horn of Africa and Arabia.

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Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

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Aramaic language

Aramaic (אַרָמָיָא Arāmāyā, ܐܪܡܝܐ, آرامية) is a language or group of languages belonging to the Semitic subfamily of the Afroasiatic language family.

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Armenian Apostolic Church

The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of the Armenian people.

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Armenian Catholic Church

The Armenian Catholic Church (translit; Ecclesia armeno-catholica), improperly referred to as the Armenian Uniate Church, is one of the Eastern particular churches sui iuris of the Catholic Church.

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Armenian Democratic Liberal Party

The Armenian Democratic Liberal Party (Ռամկավար Ազատական Կուսակցութիւն), the Ramgavar Party, (known before 1921 as the Armenakan party) (Արմենական Կուսակցութիւն), also known by its Armenian initials (ՌԱԿ) or its English initials ADL (meaning Armenian Democratic Liberal) is an Armenian political party in the Armenian diaspora including the Middle East, Europe, the Americas and Australia.

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Armenian Revolutionary Federation

The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF) (classical Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն, ՀՅԴ), also known as Dashnaktsutyun (in a short form, Dashnak), is an Armenian nationalist and socialist political party founded in 1890 in Tiflis, Russian Empire (now Tbilisi, Georgia) by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian.

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Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Lebanon

The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF or ՀՅԴ) (Հայ Յեղափոխական Դաշնակցութիւն Hay Heghapokhagan Tashnagtsutiun, Դաշնակ Tashnag) (in Arabic الإتحاد الثوري الأرمني - الطاشناق), also known simply as Tashnag, is an Armenian political party active in Lebanon since the 1920s as an official political party in the country after having started with small student cells in the late 1890s and early 20th century.

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Armenians in Lebanon

The Armenians in Lebanon (Լիբանանահայեր lipananahayer, اللبنانيون الأرمن) (Libano-Arméniens) are Lebanese citizens of Armenian descent.

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Assi Rahbani

Assi Rahbani (Arabic: عاصي الرحباني; May 4, 1923 - June 21, 1986) was a Lebanese composer, musician and producer.

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Élias Sarkis

Élias Youssef Sarkis (20 July 1924 – 27 June 1985) (إلياس سركيس) was a lawyer and President of Lebanon, who served from 1976 to 1982.

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Émile Eddé

Émile Eddé (5 May 1886 in Damascus, Ottoman Syria – 28 September 1949) (إميل أده) was a Maronite Lebanese political figure.

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Émile Lahoud

Émile Jamil Lahoud (اميل جميل لحود) (born 12 January 1936) is a Lebanese politician who was President of Lebanon from 1998 to 2007.

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Ba'ath Party

The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party (حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي) was a political party founded in Syria by Michel Aflaq, Salah al-Din al-Bitar, and associates of Zaki al-Arsuzi.

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Baabda

Baabda (بعبدا) is the capital city of Baabda District as well as the capital of Mount Lebanon Governorate, western Lebanon.

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Baalbek

Baalbek, properly Baʿalbek (بعلبك) and also known as Balbec, Baalbec or Baalbeck, is a city in the Anti-Lebanon foothills east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut and about north of Damascus.

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Bachir Gemayel

Bachir Gemayel (Bashīr al-Jimayyel, also romanized al-Jumayyil and El Gemaiel.; 10 November 1947 – 14 September 1982), also Bashir Gemayel, was a Lebanese leader and president-elect.

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Bahia Hariri

Bahia Bahaeddine Hariri (Arabic: بهية الحريري) (born 1952) is a Lebanese politician and sister of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri and her second brother Shafic Hariri.

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Bassel Fleihan

Bassel Fleihan (10 September 1963 – 18 April 2005; باسل فليحان) was a Lebanese legislator and minister of economy and trade.

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Batroumine

Batroumine (or Beitroumine بترومين) is a small Greek Orthodox village located in north Lebanon.

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Batroun

Batroun (البترون; בתרון) is a coastal city in northern Lebanon and one of the oldest cities in the world.

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Bdadoun

Bdadoun (بدادون) (also Bdadun, Bde‘doun, Bdādūn), is a town in Mount Lebanon which makes up one of the 70 towns and villages in the Lebanese district of Aley.

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Bechara El Khoury

Bechara El Khoury (10 August 1890 – 11 January 1964 in Rechmaya) (بشارة الخوري) was the first post-independence President of Lebanon, holding office from 21 September 1943 to 18 September 1952, apart from an 11-day interruption (11–22 November) in 1943.

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Beirut

Beirut (بيروت, Beyrouth) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

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Beirut Arab University

Beirut Arab University (BAU) (جـامعة بيروت العربية) is a Lebanese private university located in Beirut, Lebanon.

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Beirut Governorate

Beirut Governorate (Arabic) is a Lebanese governorate that consists of one district and one city, Beirut, which is also its capital, and the capital of Lebanon.

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Beirut Nights

The Beirut Nights are numbers of events that take place from time to time in Beirut, Lebanon.

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Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport

Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (مطار بيروت رفيق الحريري الدولي, Maṭār Bayrūt Rafīq al-Ḥarīrī ad-Dwaliyy) (Aéroport international de Beyrouth.), formerly Beirut International Airport, is located from the city center in the southern suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, and is the only operational commercial airport in the country.

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Beqaa Governorate

Beqaa is a governorate in Lebanon.

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Bint Jbeil

Bint Jbeil is the second largest town in the Nabatiye Governorate in Southern Lebanon.

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Blue Line (Lebanon)

The Blue Line is a border demarcation between Lebanon and Israel published by the United Nations on 7 June 2000 for the purposes of determining whether Israel had fully withdrawn from Lebanon.

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Bourj Hammoud

Bourj Hammoud (or Burj Hammud) (برج حموﺪ, Պուրճ Համուտ), is a town and municipality in Lebanon located north-east of the capital Beirut, in the Metn district and is part of Greater Beirut.

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Brigitte Yaghi

Brigitte Yaghi (بريجيت ياغي) is a Lebanese pop singer, born 19 November 1987.

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Bsharri

Bsharri (بْشَرِّيْ Bšarrī; also Romanized Becharre, Bcharre, Bsharre) is a town at an altitude of about to.

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Bsharri District

Bsharri District is one of the 7 districts (qadaa, قضاء) of the North Governorate, Lebanon.

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Byblos

Byblos, in Arabic Jbail (جبيل Lebanese Arabic pronunciation:; Phoenician: 𐤂𐤁𐤋 Gebal), is a Middle Eastern city on Levant coast in the Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon.

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Camille Chamoun

Camille Nimr Chamoun (Arabic: كميل نمر شمعون, Kamīl Sham'ūn) (3 April 1900 – 7 August 1987) was President of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958, and one of the country's main Christian leaders during most of the Lebanese Civil War (1975–1990).

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Carlos Eddé

Carlos Eddé (كارلوس إدة)(born in 1956), is a Lebanese politician.

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Carole Samaha

Carole Samaha (كارول سماحة) is a Lebanese singer, actress, and performer.

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Cedar Revolution

The Cedar Revolution (Arabic: ثورة الأرز - thawrat al-arz) or Independence Intifada (Arabic: انتفاضة الاستقلال - intifāḍat al-istiqlāl) was a chain of demonstrations in Lebanon (especially in the capital Beirut) triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister, Rafik Hariri.

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Cedrus libani

Cedrus libani, commonly known as the Cedar of Lebanon or Lebanon cedar, is a species of cedar native to the mountains of the Eastern Mediterranean basin.

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Centre d'Etudes Universitaires de Zahlé et de la Békaa

Centre d'Études Universitaires de Zahlé et de la Békaa or CEUZB is a university institution based in the Bekaa Valley of Lebanon.

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Charbel Rouhana

Charbel Rouhana (شربل روحانا) is a Lebanese oud player in Lebanon.

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Charles Corm

Charles Corm (1894-1963) was a Lebanese writer, industrialist and philanthropist.

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Charles Helou

Charles Helou (شارل الحلو) (25 September 1913 – 7 January 2001) was President of Lebanon from 1964 to 1970.

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Charles Malik

Charles Habib Malik (sometimes spelled Charles Habib Malek; 1906 - 28 December 1987; شارل مالك) was a Lebanese academic, diplomat, and philosopher.

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Chekka

Chekka is coastal town located in the South of North Lebanon.

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Chouf District

Chouf (also spelled Shouf, Shuf or Chuf, in Jebel ash-Shouf) is a historic region of Lebanon, as well as an administrative district in the governorate (mohafazat) of Mount Lebanon.

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Constitution of Lebanon

The Constitution of Lebanon was adopted on 23 May 1926.

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Cornet Chahwan

Cornet Chahwan (قرنة شهوان, also spelled Kornet Chehwan) is a sizable town in the Mount Lebanon area of Lebanon's Metn District.

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Culture of Lebanon

The culture of Lebanon and the Lebanese people emerged from various civilizations over thousands of years.

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Damour

Damour (الدامور) is a Lebanese Christian town that is south of Beirut.

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Dany Chamoun

Dany Chamoun (داني شمعون) (26 August 1934 – 21 October 1990) was a prominent Lebanese politician.

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Demographics of Lebanon

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Lebanon, including population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Diana Haddad

Diana Haddad (ديانا حداد) (born 1 October 1976) is a Lebanese singer and television personality who also holds an Emirati citizenship and is based in the United Arab Emirates.

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Dimane

Dimane (or Diman) is a mountainous village in the Bsharri District, in the North Governorate of Lebanon.

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Dina Hayek

Dina Hayek (دينا حايك born Collet Bou Gergis on 10 June 1982) is a popular Lebanese singer.

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Districts of Lebanon

The 8 governorates of Lebanon are subdivided into 26 districts (Aqdya, singularqadaa).

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Dory Chamoun

Dory Chamoun (دوري شمعون) (born 1931) is a Lebanese politician who leads the National Liberal Party (NLP), and is also a prominent member of the Qornet Shehwan Gathering, a coalition of politicians, academics, and businessmen who oppose the pro-Syrian March 8 Alliance and Syrian influence in Lebanon.

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Druze

The Druze (درزي or, plural دروز; דרוזי plural דרוזים) are an Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group originating in Western Asia who self-identify as unitarians (Al-Muwaḥḥidūn/Muwahhidun).

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Eastern Catholic Churches

The Eastern Catholic Churches or Oriental Catholic Churches, also called the Eastern-rite Catholic Churches, and in some historical cases Uniate Churches, are twenty-three Eastern Christian particular churches sui iuris in full communion with the Pope in Rome, as part of the worldwide Catholic Church.

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Economy of Lebanon

The economy of Lebanon is a developing economy, with a private sector that contributes to 75% of aggregate demand and a large banking sector that supports this demand.

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El Mina, Lebanon

El-Mina or El Mina (Arabic: الميناء / ALA-LC: al-Mīnā’, which means "the harbour"), is a coastal independent town in Tripoli Northern Lebanon.

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Elections in Lebanon

Elections in Lebanon are allotted to occur every four years.

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Elias Hrawi

Elias Hrawi (الياس الهراوي, 4 September 1926 – 7 July 2006) was a President of Lebanon, whose term of office ran from 1989 to 1998.

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Elie Hobeika

Elie Hobeika (22 September 1956 – 24 January 2002; إيلي حبيقة.) was a Lebanese Phalangist and Lebanese Forces commander during the Lebanese Civil War, and former MP.

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Elissa (Lebanese singer)

Elissar Zakaria Khoury (إليسار زكريا خوري), commonly known as Elissa (إليسا), is a Lebanese recording artist.

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Emile Riachi

Emile Riachi (November 2, 1926 – 15 June 2014) was a renowned orthopaedic surgeon in Lebanon.

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Etienne Saqr

Etienne Saqr (born in 1937) (last name also spelt Sakr or Sacre, Arabic: إتيان صقر), also known by his nom de guerre "Abu Arz" (translate: Father of Cedars), is a far-right, Lebanese nationalist leader and founder of the Guardians of the Cedars militia and political party (حراس الأرز, Horras Al-Arz in Arabic).

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Fadi Frem

Fady Frem (فادي أفرام, born 1953 in Achrafieh suburb of Beirut, Lebanon) is the former leader of the Lebanese Forces Christian militia and political party.

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Fadl Shaker

Fadl Abdulrahman Shamandar (فضل عبد الرحمن شمندر) better known as Fadl Shaker (فضل شاكر) (born 1 April 1969) is a prominent Lebanese singer of Lebanese and Palestinian origin.

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Fairuz

Nouhad Wadie' Haddad (نهاد وديع حداد) (born November 21, 1935), known as Fairuz (فيروز), also spelled Fairouz, Feyrouz or Fayrouz, is a Lebanese singer who is one of the most admired and influential singers in the Arab world.

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Fares Karam

Fares Karam (فارس كرم; born June 25, 1973) is a popular Lebanese singer who specializes in the Dabke style and Lebanese music in general.

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FFA Private Bank

FFA Private Bank (formerly Financial Fund Advisors SAL) is a bank in Beirut, Lebanon specializing in the fields of Capital Markets, Wealth Management and Investment Banking.

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FitzGerald Report

The "Report of the Fact-Finding Mission to Lebanon inquiring into the causes, circumstances and consequences of the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafik Hariri, 25 February - 24 March 2005", better known as the FitzGerald Report, is the outcome of an inquiry, ordered by the United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan and conducted by Irish deputy police commissioner Peter FitzGerald, into the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafik Hariri on 14 February 2005.

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Flag of Lebanon

The flag of Lebanon (علم لبنان) is formed of two horizontal red stripes enveloping a horizontal white stripe.

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Football in Lebanon

Football is the most popular sport in Lebanon.

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Foreign relations of Lebanon

The foreign policy of Lebanon reflects its geographic location, the composition of its population, and its reliance on commerce and trade.

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Free Shia Movement

Free Shia Movement (التيار الشيعي الحرّ,Al-Tayar Al-Shi'iy Al-Hurr) is a Lebanese Shi'ite political movement allied with the Lebanese opposition March 14 Alliance and opposed to mainstream Shi'ite movements allied with the March 8 Alliance, namely Hezbollah and Amal Movement.

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French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon

The Mandate for Syria and Lebanon (Mandat français pour la Syrie et le Liban; الانتداب الفرنسي على سوريا ولبنان) (1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded after the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire concerning Syria and Lebanon.

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Fuad Chehab

Fuad Abdullah Chehab (فؤاد عبد الله شهاب; also transliterated Fouad Shihab; 19 March 1902 – 25 April 1973) was the President of the Lebanese Republic from 1958 to 1964.

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Geography of Lebanon

Lebanon is part of the North East, located at approximately 35˚N, 35˚E.

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George Wassouf

George Wassouf (جورج وسوف) (born December 23, 1961) is a Syrian singer.

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Governorates of Lebanon

Lebanon is divided into eight governorates (muhafazah): All of the governorates except for Beirut and Akkar are divided into districts, and then subdivided into municipalities.

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Greek Orthodox Church

The name Greek Orthodox Church (Greek: Ἑλληνορθόδοξη Ἑκκλησία, Ellinorthódoxi Ekklisía), or Greek Orthodoxy, is a term referring to the body of several Churches within the larger communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, whose liturgy is or was traditionally conducted in Koine Greek, the original language of the Septuagint and New Testament, and whose history, traditions, and theology are rooted in the early Church Fathers and the culture of the Byzantine Empire.

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Green Line (Lebanon)

The Green Line was a line of demarcation in Beirut, Lebanon, during the Lebanese Civil War from 1975 to 1990.

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Green Party of Lebanon

The Green Party of Lebanon (حزب الخضر اللبناني ĥizb-al-khodor-al-lubnanī) is a Lebanese green political party.

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Guardians of the Cedars

The Guardians of the Cedars (GoC') (Arabic: حراس الأرز; Ḥurrās al-Arz; French: Gardiens du Cedre or Gardiens des Cèdres, GdC) are a far-right ultranationalist Lebanese party and former Christian militia in Lebanon.

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Habib Malik

Habib Malik is an associate professor of history and cultural studies at the Lebanese American University (LAU).

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Haifa Wehbe

Haifa Wehbe (Arabic: هيفاء وهبي) is a Lebanese singer and actress.

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Haigazian University

Haigazian University (Հայկազեան Համալսարան, pronounced Haygazyan Hamalsaran; جامعة هايكازيان) is a higher education institution founded in 1955 in Beirut, Lebanon as Haigazian College.

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Hassan Nasrallah

Hassan Nasrallah (حسن نصرالله; born 31 August 1960) is the third and current Secretary General of the Lebanese political and paramilitary party Hezbollah since his predecessor, Abbas al-Musawi, was assassinated by the Israel Defense Forces in February 1992.

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Health

Health is the ability of a biological system to acquire, convert, allocate, distribute, and utilize energy with maximum efficiency.

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Hezbollah

Hezbollah (pronounced; حزب الله, literally "Party of Allah" or "Party of God")—also transliterated Hizbullah, Hizballah, etc.

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History of Lebanon

The history of Lebanon covers the history of the modern Republic of Lebanon and the earlier emergence of Greater Lebanon under the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, as well as the previous history of the region, covered by the modern state.

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Holy See of Cilicia

The Armenian Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia (Կաթողիկոսութիւն Հայոց Մեծի Տանն Կիլիկիոյ) is a hierarchal see of the Armenian Apostolic Church.

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Hula massacre

The Hula massacre took place between 31 October and 1 November 1948.

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Jad Shwery

Jad Shwery (usually spelled: Jad Choueiri; جاد شويري Lebanese pronunciation:, born 13 March 1983) is a Lebanese pop singer, songwriter and music video director.

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Jeita Grotto

The Jeita Grotto (مغارة جعيتا) is a system of two separate, but interconnected, karstic limestone caves spanning an overall length of nearly.

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Joseph Attieh

Joseph Attieh (in Arabic جوزيف عطية, born May 14, 1988 in Mehmarch, Batroun, Lebanon) is a Lebanese singer who won the third season of Star Academy Lebanon in 2005.

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Jounieh

Jounieh (Arabic جونيه, or Juniya, جونية) is a coastal city about north of Beirut, Lebanon and is part of Greater Beirut.

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Julia Boutros

Julia Boutros (جوليا بطرس; born April 1, 1968) is a Lebanese singer that rose to stardom in the 1980s with a series of songs like "Ghabet Shams El Haq" and "Wen el malaieen".

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Kahlil Gibran

Khalil Gibran (sometimes spelled Kahlil; full Arabic name Gibran Khalil Gibran (جبران خليل جبران / ALA-LC: Jubrān Khalīl Jubrān or Jibrān Khalīl Jibrān) (January 6, 1883 – April 10, 1931) was a Lebanese-American writer, poet and visual artist. Gibran was born in the town of Bsharri in the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, Ottoman Empire (modern day Lebanon), to Khalil Gibran and Kamila Gibran (Rahmeh). As a young man Gibran emigrated with his family to the United States, where he studied art and began his literary career, writing in both English and Arabic. In the Arab world, Gibran is regarded as a literary and political rebel. His romantic style was at the heart of a renaissance in modern Arabic literature, especially prose poetry, breaking away from the classical school. In Lebanon, he is still celebrated as a literary hero., BBC News, May 12, 2012, Retrieved May 12, 2012. A member of the New York Pen League, he is chiefly known in the English-speaking world for his 1923 book The Prophet, an early example of inspirational fiction including a series of philosophical essays written in poetic English prose. The book sold well despite a cool critical reception, gaining popularity in the 1930s and again especially in the 1960s counterculture.Acocella, Joan (January 7, 2008).. The New Yorker. Retrieved March 9, 2009. Gibran is the third best-selling poet of all time, behind Shakespeare and Laozi.

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Kamal Jumblatt

Kamal Fouad Jumblatt (كمال فؤاد جنبلاط) (December 6, 1917 – March 16, 1977) was a prominent Lebanese politician.

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Kamal Salibi

Kamal Suleiman Salibi (كمال سليمان الصليبي.) (2 May 19291 September 2011) ilouban,com, 1 September 2011.

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Karantina

La Quarantaine, which is colloquially referred to as Karantina (Arabic: الكرنتينا) and sometimes spelled Quarantina, is a predominantly low-income, mixed-use residential, commercial, and semi-industrial neighborhood in northeastern Beirut.

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Kataeb Party

The Lebanese Phalanges Party (حزب الكتائب اللبنانية), better known in English as the Phalange (الكتائب), is a Christian Democratic political party in Lebanon.

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Kfar Dibiane

Kfar Dibiane (كفر دبيان; also spelled Kfardebian and also known as Moucha'a Keserwan) is a municipality in the Keserwan District of the Mount Lebanon Governorate in Lebanon.

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Khiam

Khiam (Arabic الخيام; sometimes spelled Khiyam) is a large town in the Nabatieh Governorate of Southern Lebanon.

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Koura District

Koura District (الكورة, from lit) is a district in the North Governorate, Lebanon.

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Lebanese Academy of Sciences

The Lebanese Academy of Sciences, known officially by its French name Académie des Sciences du Liban (ASL), is a learned society dedicated to promoting the growth, invigoration, and dissemination of the sciences in Lebanon, and to fostering a world-class scientific culture in the country.

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Lebanese American University

The Lebanese American University (الجامعة اللبنانية الأميركية) is a secular and private American university located in Lebanon.

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Lebanese Arabic

Lebanese Arabic or Lebanese is a variety of Levantine Arabic, indigenous to and spoken primarily in Lebanon, with significant linguistic influences borrowed from other Middle Eastern and European languages, and is in some ways unique from other varieties of Arabic.

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Lebanese Armed Forces

The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) (Arabic: القوات المسلحة اللبنانية | Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya) or Forces Armées Libanaises (FAL) in French, also known as the Lebanese Army (Arabic: الجيش اللبناني or "Armée libanaise" in French), is the military of the Lebanese Republic.

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Lebanese Civil War

The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية – Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities.

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Lebanese cuisine

Lebanese cuisine is a Levantine style of cooking that includes an abundance of whole grains, fruits, vegetables, starches, fresh fish and seafood; animal fats are consumed sparingly.

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Lebanese Forces

The Lebanese Forces (القوات اللبنانية) is a Lebanese Christian based political party and former militia during the Lebanese Civil War.

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Lebanese Front

The Lebanese Front (الجبهة اللبنانية| al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya) or Front libanais in French, was a coalition of mainly Christian parties formed in 1976 during the Lebanese Civil War.

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Lebanese hip hop

Lebanese hip hop is a pioneering movement in Arabic hip hop as Lebanese youth were among the first to be affected by hip hop culture.

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Lebanese Palestinian Dialogue Committee

The Lebanese-Palestinian Dialogue Committee (LPDC), originally called the Lebanese Working Group on Palestinian Refugees, is an inter-ministerial government body formed in November 2005 by Lebanese Council of Ministers’ decision 89/2005.

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Lebanese Physically Handicapped Union

The Lebanese Physically Handicapped Union (LPHU) is an advocacy organization for the handicapped in Lebanon founded in 1981.

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Lebanese pound

The Lebanese pound (ليرة lira; French: livre; sign:, ISO 4217: LBP) is the currency of Lebanon.

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Lebanese Red Cross

The Lebanese Red Cross (LRC) (الصليب الأحمر اللبناني al-Ṣalīb al-aḥmar al-lubnānī) is a humanitarian organization and an auxiliary team to the medical service of the Lebanese Army.

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Lebanese University

The Lebanese University (Université libanaise, الجامعة اللبنانية) is the only public institution for higher learning in Lebanon.

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Lebanon

Lebanon (لبنان; Lebanese pronunciation:; Liban), officially known as the Lebanese RepublicRepublic of Lebanon is the most common phrase used by Lebanese government agencies.

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LGBT rights in Lebanon

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons living in Lebanon may face difficulties not experienced by non-LGBT residents, however, they are considerably more free than in other parts of the Arabic-speaking world.

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List of attacks in Lebanon

Starting in 2004, a series of bombings and assassinations struck Lebanon, most of them in and around the capital, Beirut.

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List of cities and towns in Lebanon

This is a list of cities and towns in Lebanon distributed according to district.

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List of hospitals in Lebanon

This is a list of hospitals in Lebanon.

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List of Lebanese in Syrian jails

This is a list of 261 Lebanese citizens believed to be illegally imprisoned in Syria.

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List of Lebanese people

This is a list of notable individuals born and residing mainly in Lebanon. Lebanese expatriates residing overseas and possessing Lebanese citizenship are also included.

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List of Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch

This is a list of the Maronite Patriarchs of Antioch and all the East, the primate of the Maronite Church, one of the Eastern Catholic Churches.

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List of museums in Lebanon

This is a list of museums in Lebanon.

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List of newspapers in Lebanon

Hadikat al-Akhbar (The News Garden in English) is the first daily newspaper of Lebanon which was launched in 1858.

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List of people on the postage stamps of Lebanon

Lebanon was formerly a part of the Turkish Empire, and used Turkish postage stamps during that time.

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List of political parties in Lebanon

Lebanon has numerous political parties, usually with sectarian character.

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List of Presidents of Lebanon

This is a list of Presidents of Lebanon since the creation of the office in 1926.

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List of Prime Ministers of Lebanon

This is a list of Prime Ministers of Lebanon (officially titled President of the Council of Ministers) since the creation of the office in 1926.

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List of Speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon

This is a list of Speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon since the creation of the office in 1922.

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List of universities in Lebanon

This is list of universities and related institutions in Lebanon.

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Lists of country-related topics

Each entry below presents a list of topics about a specific nation or state (country), followed by a link to the main article for that country.

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Lydia Canaan

Lydia Canaan (ليديا كنعان.) is a Lebanese singer-songwriter and humanitarian activist widely regarded as the first “rock star” of the Middle East.

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Majida El Roumi

Majida El Roumi Baradhy (ماجدة الرومي برادعي; born 13 December 1956) is a Lebanese soprano.

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Mansour Rahbani

Mansour Rahbani (منصور الرحباني, Manṣūr Al-Raḥbāni), (March 17, 1925 – January 13, 2009) was a Lebanese composer, musician, poet and producer, known as one of the Rahbani brothers, and the brother-in-law of the famous singer Fairuz.

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March 14 Alliance

The March 14 Alliance (taḥāluf 14 adhār), named after the date of the Cedar Revolution, is a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon formed in 2005 that are united by their anti-Syrian regime stance and their opposition to the March 8 Alliance.

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March 8 Alliance

The March 8 Alliance (taḥāluf 8 adhār) is a coalition of various political parties in Lebanon.

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Mardaites

The Mardaites (Μαρδαΐται) or al-Jarajima (ܡܪ̈ܕܝܐ; الجراجمة / ALA-LC: al-Jarājimah), inhabited the highland regions of the Nur Mountains.

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Maronite Church

The Maronite Church (الكنيسة المارونية) is an Eastern Catholic sui iuris particular church in full communion with the Pope and the Catholic Church, with self-governance under the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.

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Marwan Khoury

Marwan Khoury (مروان خوري) (February 3, 1968) is a Lebanese singer, writer, composer and music arranger.

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Maurice Gemayel

Maurice Gemayel (موريس الجميل; Lebanon, 1910 — October 31, 1970) was a Lebanese Maronite politician who served several times as minister and MP for the Metn.

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Melhem Zein

Melhem Zain (ملحم زين) (born in Shmistar, Lebanon on October 22, 1982) is a Lebanese pan-Arab singer.

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Michel Aoun

Michel Naim Aoun (ميشال نعيم عون,; born 18 February 1935) is the current President of Lebanon.

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Michel Suleiman

Michel Suleiman (ميشال سليمان; born 21 November 1948) served as President of Lebanon from 2008 to 2014.

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Middle East Airlines

Middle East Airlines – Air Liban S.A.L. (طيران الشرق الأوسط ـ الخطوط الجوية اللبنانية Ṭayyarān al-Sharq al-Awsaṭ - al-Khuṭūṭ al-jawiyyah al-lubnāniyyah), more commonly known as Middle East Airlines (MEA) (طيران الشرق الأوسط Ṭayyarān al-Sharq al-Awsaṭ), is the national flag-carrier airline of Lebanon, with its head office in Beirut, near Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport.

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Mount Lebanon

Mount Lebanon (جَبَل لُبْنَان, jabal lubnān, Lebanese Arabic pronunciation; ܛܘܪ ܠܒܢܢ) is a mountain range in Lebanon.

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Music of Lebanon

The music of Lebanon has a long history.

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Myriam Fares

Myriam Fares (ميريام فارس) is a Lebanese singer, dancer, actress and entertainer.

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Nabatieh

Nabatieh (النبطية), or Nabatîyé, is the city of the Nabatieh Governorate, in southern Lebanon.

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Nabatieh Governorate

Nabatieh Governorate (محافظة النبطية) is one of the eight governorates of Lebanon.

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Nabih Berri

Nabih Berri (نبيه بري; born 28 January 1938) is a Lebanese politician who has been the Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon since 1992.

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Nadim Gemayel

Nadim Bashir Gemayel (born 1 May 1982), is a Lebanese politician and member of the Kataeb party.

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Najib Mikati

Najib Azmi Mikati (نجيب ميقاتي; born 24 November 1955) is a Lebanese politician who served twice as the Prime Minister of Lebanon.

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Najwa Karam

Najwa Karam (نجوى كرم Lebanese pronunciation) (born 26 February 1966) is a Lebanese, multi-Platinum singer, songwriter, and fashion icon, who has sold over 60 million albums worldwide.

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Names of the Levant

Over recorded history, there have been many names of the Levant, a large area in the Middle East, or its constituent parts.

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Nancy Ajram

Nancy Nabil Ajram (نانسي نبيل عجرم, born May 16, 1983) is a Lebanese singer and recording artist.

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Nancy Nasrallah

Nancy Nasrallah (نانسي نصر الله) is a Lebanese pop singer who participated in SuperStar (Arabic TV series) Later, she participated in The Voice Ahla Sawt season 2 and she was in the Saber Rebaï team.

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Naqoura

Naqoura (Enn Nâqoura, Naqoura, An Nāqūrah) is a small city in southern Lebanon.

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Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir

Nasrallah Boutros Sfeir (الكاردينال مار نصر الله بطرس صفير; Victor Petrus Sfeir; born 15 May 1920 in Rayfoun, Lebanon) is the patriarch emeritus of Lebanon's largest Christian body, the Maronite Church, an Eastern Catholic Church in communion with the Holy See.

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National Bloc (Lebanon)

Founded in 1936, National Bloc (الكتلة الوطنية; Al-Kutlah Al-Wataniyyah), is one of the first Lebanese political party.

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National Evangelical Church of Beirut

The National Evangelical Church of Beirut (NEC) is the first native Arabic Protestant congregation in the Middle East.

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National Liberal Party (Lebanon)

The National Liberal Party (NLP, حزب الوطنيين الأحرار, literally Ḥizb Al-Waṭaniyyīn Al-Aḥrār) is a center-right political party in Lebanon, established by President Camille Chamoun in 1958.

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National Pact

The National Pact (الميثاق الوطني) is an unwritten agreement that laid the foundation of Lebanon as a multiconfessional state, having shaped the country to this day.

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Nawal Al Zoghbi

Nawal Al Zoghbi (نوال الزغبي) (born June 29, 1971) is a Lebanese pop vocalist.

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Nayla Moawad

Nayla Moawad (الرئيسة نايلة معوض) (born 3 July 1940) is a Lebanese politician.

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Nejmeh SC

Nejmeh Sporting Club (نادي النجمة الرياضي), commonly known as Nejmeh SC, Nadi Al-Nejma Al-Riyadi or Najma Beirut, is a professional multi-sports club based in the Manara district of Ras Beirut, Beirut, the capital of Lebanon.

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Nelly Makdessy

Nelly Makdessy (نيللي مقدسي) (born October 10, 1979) is a Lebanese singer, songwriter, record producer, instrumentalist and model.

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Nicole Saba

Nicole Saba (Nicole Chaba Elias) (نيكول سابا) is a singer and actress from Lebanon.

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North Governorate

North Governorate (الشمال) is one of the governorates of Lebanon.

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Omar Karami

Omar Abdul Hamid Karami (last name also spelled Karamé and Karameh) (عمر عبد الحميد كرامي; 7 September 1934 – 1 January 2015) was the 55th Prime Minister of Lebanon on two separate occasions.

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Orontes River

The Orontes (Ὀρόντης) or Asi (العاصي, ‘Āṣī; Asi) is a northward-flowing river which begins in Lebanon and flows through Syria and Turkey before entering the Mediterranean Sea.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Palestinians

The Palestinian people (الشعب الفلسطيني, ash-sha‘b al-Filasṭīnī), also referred to as Palestinians (الفلسطينيون, al-Filasṭīniyyūn, פָלַסְטִינִים) or Palestinian Arabs (العربي الفلسطيني, al-'arabi il-filastini), are an ethnonational group comprising the modern descendants of the peoples who have lived in Palestine over the centuries, including Jews and Samaritans, and who today are largely culturally and linguistically Arab.

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Parliament of Lebanon

The Parliament of Lebanon (مجلس النواب Majlis an-Nuwwab; Chambre des députés) is the national parliament of Lebanon.

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Pascale Machaalani

Pascale Bechara Bachaalani (باسكال مشعلاني), better known as Pascale Machaalani, born March 27, 1967, is a Murex d'or Award nominated Lebanese singer.

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Paul Guiragossian

Paul Guiragossian (1926 – November 20, 1993) was an Armenian Lebanese painter.

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Phoenicia

Phoenicia (or; from the Φοινίκη, meaning "purple country") was a thalassocratic ancient Semitic civilization that originated in the Eastern Mediterranean and in the west of the Fertile Crescent.

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Phoenician alphabet

The Phoenician alphabet, called by convention the Proto-Canaanite alphabet for inscriptions older than around 1050 BC, is the oldest verified alphabet.

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Phoenician language

Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal (Mediterranean) region then called "Canaan" in Phoenician, Hebrew, Old Arabic, and Aramaic, "Phoenicia" in Greek and Latin, and "Pūt" in the Egyptian language.

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Pierre Amine Gemayel

Pierre Amine Gemayel (Arabic: بيار أمين الجميّل; commonly known as Pierre Gemayel Jr., or simply Pierre Gemayel; 23 September 1972 – 21 November 2006) was a Lebanese politician in the Kataeb Party, also known as the Phalange Party in English.

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Pierre Gemayel

Sheikh Pierre Gemayel (بيار الجميّل.) (6 November 1905 – 29 August 1984) (last name also spelt Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil; Sheikh is an honorific title in Arab countries) was a Lebanese political leader.

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Politics of Lebanon

Lebanon is a semi-presidential parliamentary democratic republic within the overall framework of confessionalism, a form of consociationalism in which the highest offices are proportionately reserved for representatives from certain religious communities.

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Progressive Socialist Party

The Progressive Socialist Party or PSP (الحزب التقدمي الاشتراكي, al-hizb al-taqadummi al-ishtiraki, Parti socialiste progressiste) is a political party in Lebanon.

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Qana airstrike

The 2006 Qana Airstrike (also referred to as the 2006 Qana Massacre or Second Qana Massacre) was an air strike carried out by the Israel Air Force (IAF) on a three-story", Daily Star, July 30, 2007 building in the small community of al-Khuraybah near the South Lebanese village of Qana on July 30, 2006, during the 2006 Lebanon War.

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Qana massacre

The Qana massacre took place on April 18, 1996, near Qana, a village in Southern Lebanon, when the Israel Defense Forces fired artillery shells at a United Nations compound.

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Qornet Shehwan Gathering

The Qornet Shehwan Gathering (لقاء قرنة شهوان) is a Lebanese political organization, comprising politicians, intellectuals, and businesspeople, mostly Christian and ranging in ideology from the centre-right to the center-left.

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Rabieh

Rabieh is an upscale suburban area on the northern edge of Greater Beirut, Lebanon, about 20 minutes driving distance from Beirut.

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Rafic Hariri

Rafic Baha El Deen Al Hariri (رفيق بهاء الدين الحريري; 1 November 1944 – 14 February 2005) was a Lebanese business tycoon and the Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2000 until his resignation on.

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Ragheb Alama

Ragheb sobhi Alama (راغب علامة born June 7, 1962) is a Lebanese singer, dancer, composer, television personality, and philanthropist.

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Rahbani brothers

The Rahbani Brothers (Arabic: الأخوان رحباني), Assi Rahbani (Arabic: عاصي الرحباني; May 4, 1923 – June 21, 1986), and Mansour Rahbani (Arabic: منصور الرحباني; born 1925 – January 13, 2009) were Lebanese composers, musicians, songwriters, authors, playwrights/dramatists.

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Ramy Ayach

Ramy Ayach (Arabic: رامي عياش) (born Ramy Abu Ayach, رامي ابوعياش, on August 18, 1980 in Baakline, Lebanon), is a multi-platinum and award-winning Lebanese singer, composer, actor, and philanthropist.

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Randa Chahal Sabag

Randa Chahal Sabbag (also written Sabbagh) (born 11 December 1953, in Tripoli, Lebanon; died 25 August 2008 in Paris, France) was a Lebanese film director, producer and screen-writer born to an Iraqi mother and Lebanese father.

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Rashid Karami

Rashid Abdul Hamid Karami (30 December 1921 – 1 June 1987) (رشيد كرامي) was a Lebanese statesman.

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Raymond Eddé

Raymond Émile Eddé (15 March 1913 – 10 May 2000) (ريمون إدّه) was a Lebanese Maronite statesman who served his country for many years as a legislator and cabinet minister.

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Razan Moughrabi

Razan Moughrabi (in Arabic رزان مغربي also known as Razan in Arabic رزان) is a famous Lebanese singer, actress, and TV presenter on Arabic television.

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Religion in Lebanon

Lebanon has several different main religions.

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René Moawad

René Moawad (April 17, 1925 in Zgharta – November 22, 1989 in Beirut) (رينيه معوض) was President of Lebanon for 17 days in 1989, from the 5 to 22 November, when he was assassinated by unknown assailants.

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Saad Haddad

Saad Haddad (1936 – January 14, 1984) was the founder and head of the South Lebanon Army (SLA) during the Lebanese Civil War.

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Saad Hariri

Saad El-Din Rafik Al-Hariri (سعد الدين رفيق الحريري; born 18 April 1970) is a Lebanese politician who has been the Prime Minister of Lebanon since December 2016.

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Sabah (singer)

Sabah (صباح Ṣabāḥ Lebanese pronunciation:; born Jeanette Georges Feghali; 10 November 1927 – 26 November 2014) was a Lebanese singer and actress.

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Sabra and Shatila massacre

The Sabra and Shatila massacre was the killing of between 762 and 3,500 civilians, mostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiites, by a militia close to the Kataeb Party, also called Phalange, a predominantly Christian Lebanese right-wing party in the Sabra neighborhood and the adjacent Shatila refugee camp in Beirut, Lebanon.

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Saeb Salam

Saeb Salam (17 January 1905 – 21 January 2000) (صائب سلام) was a Lebanese politician, who served as Prime Minister six times between 1952 and 1973.

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Said Akl

Said Akl (سعيد عقل,, also transliterated Saïd Akl, Said Aql and Saeed Akl; 4 July 1912 – 28 November 2014) was a Lebanese poet, philosopher, writer, playwright and language reformer.

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Saint Joseph University

Saint Joseph University (French: Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, "USJ") is a private Catholic research university in Beirut, Lebanon, founded in 1875 by the Jesuits.

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Salim Bey Karam

Salim Bey Youssef Bey Karam (سليم بك يوسف بك كرم), born on May 21, 1946 in Zgharta, Lebanon was a Minister of State in the Lebanese government led by Najib Mikati, which later collapsed after Mikati's resignation.

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Samir Geagea

Samir Farid Geagea (سمير فريد جعجع Lebanese pron.:, also spelled Samir Ja‘ja‘; born on 25 October 1952 in Ain al-Remaneh) is a Lebanese militia leader and politician.

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Sannine Zenith Lebanon

The Sannine Zenith Lebanon is a construction project that will cover a surface area of approximately 96 million square meters nearly 1 percent of Lebanon will be located in the area of Bidnayel and Sulugi, which begins east of Faraya and ends in the Bekaa.

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Sarepta

Sarepta (near modern, Lebanon) was a Phoenician city on the Mediterranean coast between Sidon and Tyre, also known biblically as Zarephath.

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Selim Hoss

Selim Ahmed Hoss (spelled "Salim Al-Hoss" on his website, Arabic: سليم أحمد الحص) (born 20 December 1929) is a veteran Lebanese politician.

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Shafik Wazzan

Shafik Al-Wazzan (شفيق الوزان, January 16, 1925 – July 8, 1999) was the 27th Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1980 until 1984.

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Shebaa farms

Shebaa Farms, also spelled Sheba'a Farms (مزارع شبعا,; חוות שבעא, Havot Sheba‘a or הר דוב, Har Dov) is a small strip of disputed land at the intersection of the Lebanese-Syrian border and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights.

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Shia Islam

Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.

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Sidon

Sidon (صيدا, صيدون,; French: Saida; Phoenician: 𐤑𐤃𐤍, Ṣīdūn; Biblical Hebrew:, Ṣīḏōn; Σιδών), translated to 'fishery' or 'fishing-town', is the third-largest city in Lebanon.

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Six-Day War

The Six-Day War (Hebrew: מלחמת ששת הימים, Milhemet Sheshet Ha Yamim; Arabic: النكسة, an-Naksah, "The Setback" or حرب ۱۹٦۷, Ḥarb 1967, "War of 1967"), also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War, or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between 5 and 10 June 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt (known at the time as the United Arab Republic), Jordan, and Syria.

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Social Democrat Hunchakian Party

The Social Democrat Party (SDHP) (Սոցիալ Դեմոկրատ Հնչակյան Կուսակցություն; ՍԴՀԿ), is the first Armenian political party, founded in 1887 by a group of students in Geneva, Switzerland.

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Solange Gemayel

Solange Gemayel (born 1949) is a political figure and former First Lady of Lebanon.

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Solidere

Solidere s.a.l. is a Lebanese joint-stock company in charge of planning and redeveloping Beirut Central District following the conclusion, in 1990, of the devastating Lebanese Civil War.

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South Governorate

South Governorate (الجنوب; transliterated: al-Janub) is one of the governorates of Lebanon.

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South Lebanon Army

The South Lebanon Army or South Lebanese Army (SLA) (Jayš Lubnān al-Janūbiyy) was a Lebanese militia, dominated by Christians, during the Lebanese Civil War and its aftermath, until disbanded in the year 2000.

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Southern Lebanon

Southern Lebanon (Lebanese Arabic: Jnoub, meaning "south") is the area of Lebanon comprising the South Governorate and the Nabatiye Governorate.

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Suleiman Frangieh

Suleiman Kabalan Frangieh, last name also spelled Frangié, Franjieh, or Franjiyeh (15 June 1910 – 23 July 1992), was a Lebanese Maronite politician, President of Lebanon from 1970 to 1976.

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Suleiman Frangieh Jr.

Suleiman Tony Frangieh (سليمان فرنجيه; born 18 October 1965) is the current leader of the Marada Movement and a Member of Parliament for the Maronite seat of Zgharta-Zawyie, in North Lebanon.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Suzanne Tamim

Suzanne Tamim (سوزان تميم, September 23, 1977 – July 28, 2008) was a Lebanese singer who rose to fame in the Arab world after winning the top prize in the popular Studio El Fan television show in 1996.

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Sykes–Picot Agreement

The Sykes–Picot Agreement, officially known as the Asia Minor Agreement, was a secret 1916 agreement between the United Kingdom and France, to which the Russian Empire assented.

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Syrian occupation of Lebanon

The Syrian occupation of Lebanon (الاحتلال السوري للبنان, Occupation syrienne du Liban) began in 1976, during the Lebanese Civil War, and ended in 2005 following the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri.

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Syrian Social Nationalist Party

The Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP) (الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي, transliterated: Al-Ḥizb Al-Sūrī Al-Qawmī Al-'Ijtimā'ī, often referred to in French as Parti populaire syrien or Parti social nationaliste syrien), is a nationalist political party operating in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Palestine.

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Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party

The Syrian–Lebanese Communist Party (الحزب الشيوعي السوري اللبناني, Al-Ḥizb Al-Shuyū'ī Al-Sūrī Al-Lubnānī; French: Parti communiste de la Syrie et du Liban) was a communist political party, operating in Syria and Lebanon, and founded in 1924 by the Lebanese Egyptian Fu'ad al-Shimali, the Lebanese Yusuf Yazbek and the Armenian Artin Madoyan.

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Taif Agreement

The Taif Agreement (اتفاقية الطائف / ittifāqiyat al-Ṭā’if) (also the or) was an agreement reached to provide "the basis for the ending of the civil war and the return to political normalcy in Lebanon".

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Telecommunications in Lebanon

This article concerns the systems of communication in Lebanon.

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Tigers Militia

The Tigers Militia (Arabic: نمور الأحرار, transliterated: Numūr or Al-Noumour), also known as NLP Tigers or Tigers of the Liberals (Arabic: Numur al-Ahrar) and PNL "Lionceaux" in French, was the military wing of the National Liberal Party (NLP) during the Lebanese Civil War.

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Tony Frangieh

Antoine Frangieh (1 September 1941 – 13 June 1978), better known by his diminutive, Tony Frangieh, طوني فرنجية) was a Lebanese politician and militia leader during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War. He is the son of Suleiman Frangieh, a former Lebanese president.

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Tourism in Lebanon

The tourism industry in Lebanon has been historically important to the local economy and remains to this day to be a major source of revenue for Lebanon.

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Tracy Chamoun

Tracy Chamoun (born 1962) is a Lebanese author and political activist of Lebanese and European descent.

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Transport in Lebanon

Transportation in Lebanon varies greatly in quality from the ultramodern Beirut International Airport to poor road conditions in many parts of the country.

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Tripoli, Lebanon

Tripoli (طرابلس / ALA-LC: Ṭarābulus; Lebanese Arabic: Ṭrāblos; Trablusşam) is the largest city in northern Lebanon and the second-largest city in the country.

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Tyre, Lebanon

Tyre (صور, Ṣūr; Phoenician:, Ṣūr; צוֹר, Ṣōr; Tiberian Hebrew, Ṣōr; Akkadian:, Ṣurru; Greek: Τύρος, Týros; Sur; Tyrus, Տիր, Tir), sometimes romanized as Sour, is a district capital in the South Governorate of Lebanon.

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United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon

The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (قوة الأمم المتحدة المؤقتة في لبنان), or UNIFIL (يونيفيل) and also known as the UN, is a demilitarized zone created by the United Nations, with the adoption of Security Council Resolution 425 and 426 on 19 March 1978, to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon which Israel had invaded five days prior, restore international peace and security, and help the government of Lebanon restore its effective authority in the area.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559

United Nations Security Council resolution 1559, adopted on 2 September 2004, after recalling resolutions 425 (1978), 426 (1978), 520 (1982) and 1553 (2004) on the situation in Lebanon, the Council supported free and fair presidential elections in Lebanon and called upon remaining foreign forces to withdraw from the country.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583

United Nations Security Council resolution 1583, adopted unanimously on 28 January 2005, after recalling previous resolutions on Israel and Lebanon, including resolutions 425 (1978), 426 (1978) and 1553 (2004), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) for a further six months until 31 July 2005 and condemned violence along the Blue Line.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 is a resolution that was intended to resolve the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 425

United Nations Security Council Resolution 425, adopted on March 19, 1978, five days after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, called on Israel to withdraw immediately its forces from Lebanon and established the United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon (UNIFIL).

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University of Balamand

The University of Balamand (UOB; جامعة البلمند) is a private institution, secular in its policies and approach to education.

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Wadih El Safi

Wadih El Safi (وديع الصافي, born Wadi' Francis; November 1, 1921 – October 11, 2013) was a Lebanese singer, songwriter, composer and actor.

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Wael Kfoury

Michel Emile Kfoury (وائل اميل كفوري) (born September 14, 1974 in Hawch al Oumara, Zahlé, Lebanon), known by his stage name Wael Kfoury (وائل كفوري), is a Lebanese singer, musician, and songwriter.

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Walid Jumblatt

Walid Bey Jumblatt (وليد بيك جنبلاط; born 7 August 1949) is a veteran Lebanese politician, the leader of Lebanon's Druze and the current leader of the Progressive Socialist Party.

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Water supply and sanitation in Lebanon

This article's last major overhaul was conducted in December 2013. Water supply and sanitation in Lebanon is characterized by a number of achievements and challenges.

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Youssef Bey Karam

Youssef Bey Boutros Karam (also Joseph Bey Karam) (May 15, 1823 – April 7, 1889) (Arabic يوسف بك كرم), was a Lebanese Maronite notable who fought in the 1860 civil war and led a rebellion in 1866-1867 against the Ottoman Empire rule in Mount Lebanon.

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Youssef Salim Karam

Youssef Bey Salim Bey Karam (April 5, 1910 – February 3, 1972) was a Lebanese member of the Parliament of Lebanon.

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Yusuf al-Khal

Yusuf al-Khal (يوسف الخال; December 25, 1917 – 1987) was a Lebanese poet of Syrian descent.

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Zahlé

Zahlé (زحلة) is the capital and the largest city of Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon.

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Zgharta

Zgharta (زغرتا), also spelled Zghorta, is a city in North Lebanon, with an estimated population of around 50,000.

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Zgharta Liberation Army

The Zgharta Liberation Army or Zghartawi Liberation Army – ZLA (French: Armée de Liberation de Zgharta – ALZ) was the paramilitary branch of the Lebanese Marada Movement during the Lebanese Civil War.

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Ziad Rahbani

Ziad Rahbani (also Ziyad al-Rahbany زياد الرحباني, born 1956) is a Lebanese composer, pianist, playwright, and political commentator.

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.lb

.lb is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Lebanon.

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1948 Arab–Israeli War

The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, or the First Arab–Israeli War, was fought between the State of Israel and a military coalition of Arab states over the control of Palestine, forming the second stage of the 1948 Palestine war.

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1958 Lebanon crisis

The 1958 Lebanon crisis was a Lebanese political crisis caused by political and religious tensions in the country that included a U.S. military intervention.

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1978 South Lebanon conflict

The 1978 South Lebanon conflict (code-named Operation Litani by Israel) was an invasion of Lebanon up to the Litani River, carried out by the Israel Defense Forces in 1978 in response to the Coastal Road massacre.

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1982 Lebanon War

The 1982 Lebanon War, dubbed Operation Peace for Galilee (מבצע שלום הגליל, or מבצע של"ג Mivtsa Shlom HaGalil or Mivtsa Sheleg) by the Israeli government, later known in Israel as the Lebanon War or the First Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון הראשונה, Milhemet Levanon Harishona), and known in Lebanon as "the invasion" (الاجتياح, Al-ijtiyāḥ), began on 6 June 1982, when the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) invaded southern Lebanon, after repeated attacks and counter-attacks between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) operating in southern Lebanon and the IDF that had caused civilian casualties on both sides of the border.

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2011 Estonian cyclists abduction

The 2011 Estonian cyclists abduction was a kidnapping case involving seven Estonian cyclists who were abducted shortly after crossing into Lebanon from Syria on 23 March 2011.

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Redirects here:

List of Lebanon-related articles, List of Lebanon-related topics.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_Lebanon-related_articles

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