Table of Contents
323 relations: A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada, Abhisheka, Abrahamic religions, Achourya, Adi Shankara, Advaita Vedanta, Afghanistan, Agama (Hinduism), Agni, Ahimsa, Ahimsa in Jainism, Ajanta Caves, Akka Mahadevi, Alf Hiltebeitel, Alvar, Alvars, Ananda Marga, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Near East, Angiras, Animism, Annamacharya, Aranyaka, Aruru (goddess), Arya Samaj, Asha, Ashoka, Atheism, Atukuri Molla, Avatar, Avestan, Āstika and nāstika, Śramaṇa, Śrauta, Śruti, B. R. Ambedkar, Baetyl, Balarama, Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Basava, BBC News, Bhadrachala Ramadasu, Bhakti, Bhakti movement, Bhimbetka rock shelters, Bihar, Bodh Gaya, Bodhisattva, Brahma Sutras, Brahman, ... Expand index (273 more) »
- Religion in South Asia
A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
A.
See Indian religions and A. C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada
Abhisheka
Abhisheka is a religious rite or method of prayer in which a devotee pours a liquid offering on an image or murti of a deity.
See Indian religions and Abhisheka
Abrahamic religions
The Abrahamic religions are a grouping of three of the major religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) together due to their historical coexistence and competition; it refers to Abraham, a figure mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, the Christian Bible, and the Quran, and is used to show similarities between these religions and put them in contrast to Indian religions, Iranian religions, and the East Asian religions (though other religions and belief systems may refer to Abraham as well).
See Indian religions and Abrahamic religions
Achourya
(Sanskrit: अचौर्यः, IAST) or (Sanskrit: अस्तेय; IAST) is the Sanskrit term for "non-stealing".
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Adi Shankara
Adi Shankara (8th c. CE), also called Adi Shankaracharya (lit), was an Indian Vedic scholar and teacher (acharya) of Advaita Vedanta.
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Advaita Vedanta
Advaita Vedanta (अद्वैत वेदान्त) is a Hindu tradition of textual exegesis and philosophy and a Hindu sādhanā, a path of spiritual discipline and experience.
See Indian religions and Advaita Vedanta
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central Asia and South Asia.
See Indian religions and Afghanistan
Agama (Hinduism)
The Agamas (Devanagari: आगम, IAST) (ākamam) (Bengali: আগম, ISO15919: āgama) are a collection of several Tantric literature and scriptures of Hindu schools.
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Agni
Agni (अग्नि) is the Hindu god of fire.
Ahimsa
(IAST) is the ancient Indian principle of nonviolence which applies to actions towards all living beings.
See Indian religions and Ahimsa
Ahimsa in Jainism
In Jainism, ahiṃsā (alternatively spelled 'ahinsā', Sanskrit: अहिंसा IAST:, Pāli) is a fundamental principle forming the cornerstone of its ethics and doctrine.
See Indian religions and Ahimsa in Jainism
Ajanta Caves
The Ajanta Caves are 30 rock-cut Buddhist cave monuments dating from the second century BCE to about 480 CE in Aurangabad district (a.k.a. Chhatrapati Sambhaji Nagar district) of Maharashtra state in India.
See Indian religions and Ajanta Caves
Akka Mahadevi
Akka Mahadevi (Kannada: ಅಕ್ಕ ಮಹಾದೇವಿ, c. 1130–1160) was an early poet of Kannada literature and a prominent member of the Lingayat Shaiva sect in the 12th century.
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Alf Hiltebeitel
Alfred John Hiltebeitel (April 10, 1942 - March 12, 2023) was Columbian Professor of Religion, History, and Human Sciences at George Washington University in Washington, D.C., US.
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Alvar
An alvar is a biological environment based on a limestone plain with thin or no soil and, as a result, sparse grassland vegetation.
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Alvars
The Alvars (lit) were the Tamil poet-saints of South India who espoused bhakti (devotion) to the Hindu preserver deity Vishnu, in their songs of longing, ecstasy, and service.
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Ananda Marga
Ānanda Mārga (also spelled Anand Marg and Ananda Marg), or officially Ānanda Mārga Pracāraka Saṃgha (organization for the propagation of the path of bliss), is a world-wide socio-spiritual organisation founded in Jamalpur, Munger, Bihar, India, in 1955 by Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, known as Shrii Shrii Anandamurti.
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Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
See Indian religions and Ancient Egypt
Ancient Near East
The ancient Near East was the home of early civilizations within a region roughly corresponding to the modern Middle East: Mesopotamia (modern Iraq, southeast Turkey, southwest Iran, and northeastern Syria), ancient Egypt, ancient Persia (Elam, Media, Parthia, and Persis), Anatolia and the Armenian highlands (Turkey's Eastern Anatolia Region, Armenia, northwestern Iran, southern Georgia, and western Azerbaijan), the Levant (modern Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Jordan and Cyprus) and the Arabian Peninsula.
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Angiras
Angiras or Angira (अङ्गिरा) was a Vedic rishi (sage) of Hinduism.
See Indian religions and Angiras
Animism
Animism (from meaning 'breath, spirit, life') is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence.
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Annamacharya
Tallapaka Annamacharya (22 May 1408 – 4 April 1503), also popularly known as Annamayya, was a musician, composer, and a Hindu saint.
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Aranyaka
The Aranyakas (आरण्यक; IAST) are a part of the ancient Indian Vedas concerned with the meaning of ritual sacrifice.
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Aruru (goddess)
Aruru was a Mesopotamian goddess.
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Arya Samaj
Arya Samaj (lit) is a monotheistic Indian Hindu reform movement that promotes values and practices based on the belief in the infallible authority of the Vedas.
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Asha
Asha or arta (𐬀𐬴𐬀) is a Zoroastrian concept with a complex and highly nuanced range of meaning.
Ashoka
Ashoka, also known as Asoka or Aśoka (– 232 BCE), and popularly known as Ashoka the Great, was Emperor of Magadha in the Indian subcontinent from until 232 BCE, and the third ruler from the Mauryan dynasty.
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Atheism
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.
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Atukuri Molla
Atukuri Molla (1440–1530) was a Telugu poet who authored the Telugu-language Ramayana.
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Avatar
Avatar is a concept within Hinduism that in Sanskrit literally means.
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Avestan
Avestan is an umbrella term for two Old Iranian languages, Old Avestan (spoken in the 2nd to 1st millennium BC) and Younger Avestan (spoken in the 1st millennium BC).
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Āstika and nāstika
Āstika (Sanskrit: आस्तिक; IAST: Āstika) and Nāstika (Sanskrit: नास्तिक; IAST: Nāstika) are concepts that have been used to classify the schools of Indian philosophy by modern scholars, as well as some Hindu, Buddhist and Jain texts.
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Śramaṇa
A śramaṇa (श्रमण,; samaṇa; p; sa môn) is a person "who labours, toils, or exerts themselves for some higher or religious purpose" or "seeker, one who performs acts of austerity, ascetic".
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Śrauta
Śrauta is a Sanskrit word that means "belonging to śruti", that is, anything based on the Vedas of Hinduism.
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Śruti
Śruti or shruti (श्रुति) in Sanskrit means "that which is heard" and refers to the body of most authoritative, ancient religious texts comprising the central canon of Hinduism.
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B. R. Ambedkar
Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (Bhīmrāo Rāmjī Āmbēḍkar; 14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956) was an Indian jurist, economist, social reformer and political leader who headed the committee drafting the Constitution of India from the Constituent Assembly debates, served as Law and Justice minister in the first cabinet of Jawaharlal Nehru, and inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement after renouncing Hinduism.
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Baetyl
A baetyl (also betyl), literally "house of God" is a sacred stone (sometimes believed to be a meteorite) that was venerated and thought to house a God or deity.
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Balarama
Balarama (बलराम) is a Hindu god, and the elder brother of Krishna.
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Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay (anglicized as Chatterjee) (26 or 27 June 1838 – 8 April 1894) was an Indian novelist, poet, essayist and journalist.
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Basava
Basava (1131–1196), also called and, was an Indian philosopher, poet, Lingayat social reformer in the Shiva-focused bhakti movement, and a Hindu Shaivite social reformer during the reign of the Kalyani Chalukya/Kalachuri dynasty.
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BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
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Bhadrachala Ramadasu
Kancharla Gopanna (కంచర్ల గోపన్న) (– 1688), popularly known as Bhakta Ramadasu or Bhadrachala Ramadasu (భద్రాచల రామదాసు), was a 17th-century devotee of the Hindu god Rama, a saint-poet and a composer of Carnatic music.
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Bhakti
Bhakti (भक्ति; Pali: bhatti) is a term common in Indian religions which means attachment, fondness for, devotion to, trust, homage, worship, piety, faith, or love.
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Bhakti movement
The Bhakti movement was a significant religious movement in medieval Hinduism that sought to bring religious reforms to all strata of society by adopting the method of devotion to achieve salvation.
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Bhimbetka rock shelters
The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site in central India that spans the Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods, as well as the historic period.
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Bihar
Bihar is a state in Eastern India.
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Bodh Gaya
Bodh Gayā is a religious site and place of pilgrimage associated with the Mahabodhi Temple complex, situated in the Gaya district in the Indian state of Bihar.
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Bodhisattva
In Buddhism, a bodhisattva (English:; translit) or bodhisatva is a person who is on the path towards bodhi ('awakening') or Buddhahood.
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Brahma Sutras
The Brahma Sūtras (ब्रह्मसूत्राणि), also known as the Vedanta Sūtra (Sanskrit: वेदान्त सूत्र), Shariraka Sūtra, and Bhikshu-sūtra, are a Sanskrit text which synthesizes and harmonizes Upanishadic ideas and practices.
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Brahman
In Hinduism, Brahman (ब्रह्मन्; IAST: Brahman) connotes the highest universal principle, the Ultimate Reality of the universe.
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Brahmana
The Brahmanas (Sanskrit: ब्राह्मणम्, IAST: Brāhmaṇam) are Vedic śruti works attached to the Samhitas (hymns and mantras) of the Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva Vedas.
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Brahmin
Brahmin (brāhmaṇa) is a varna (caste) within Hindu society.
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British Raj
The British Raj (from Hindustani, 'reign', 'rule' or 'government') was the rule of the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent,.
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Buddhahood
In Buddhism, Buddha (Pali, Sanskrit: 𑀩𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥, बुद्ध, "awakened one") is a title for those who are spiritually awake or enlightened, and have thus attained the supreme goal of Buddhism, variously described as pristine awareness, nirvana, awakening, enlightenment, and liberation or vimutti.
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Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.
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Buddhism in Southeast Asia
Buddhism in Southeast Asia includes a variety of traditions of Buddhism including two main traditions: Mahāyāna Buddhism and Theravāda Buddhism.
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Caste
A caste is a fixed social group into which an individual is born within a particular system of social stratification: a caste system.
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Chaitanya Mahaprabhu
Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (মহাপ্রভু শ্রীচৈতন্য দেব, श्री चैतन्य महाप्रभु), born Vishvambhara Mishra, (1486–1533 CE) was an Indian Hindu saint from Bengal who was the founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism, which considers him to be Krishna (God) incarnate, "in the mood and complexion" of his chief consort, Radha".
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Chalukya dynasty
The Chalukya dynasty was a Classical Indian dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries.
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Chan Buddhism
Chan (of), from Sanskrit dhyāna (meaning "meditation" or "meditative state"), is a Chinese school of Mahāyāna Buddhism.
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Charles Eliot (diplomat)
Sir Charles Norton Edgcumbe Eliot (8 January 1862 – 16 March 1931) was a British diplomat, colonial administrator and botanist.
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Charvaka
Charvaka (चार्वाक; IAST: Cārvāka), also known as Lokāyata, is an ancient school of Indian materialism.
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Chimera (mythology)
According to Greek mythology, the Chimera, Chimaera, Chimæra, or Khimaira (she-goat) was a monstrous fire-breathing hybrid creature from Lycia, Asia Minor, composed of different animal parts.
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Chola dynasty
The Chola dynasty was a Tamil dynasty originating from southern India.
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Christianity in India
Christianity is India's third-largest religion with about 26 million adherents, making up 2.3 percent of the population as of the 2011 census. The written records of Saint Thomas Christians mention that Christianity was introduced to the Indian subcontinent by Thomas the Apostle, who sailed to the Malabar region (present-day Kerala) in 52 AD.
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Christians
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
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Constitution of India
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of India.
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Dada Lekhraj
Lekhraj Khubchand Kirpalani (15 December 1876 – 18 January 1969), also known as Dada Lekhraj, was an Indian guru who was the founder of the Brahma Kumaris.
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Dalit
Dalit (from dalita meaning "broken/scattered") is a term first coined by the Indian social reformer Jyotirao Phule for untouchables and outcasts, who represented the lowest stratum of the castes in the Indian subcontinent.
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Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
Buddhism, which originated in India, gradually dwindled and was replaced by approximately the 12th century.
See Indian religions and Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent
Delhi
Delhi, officially the National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi (ISO: Rāṣṭrīya Rājadhānī Kṣētra Dillī), is a city and a union territory of India containing New Delhi, the capital of India.
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Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate or the Sultanate of Delhi was a late medieval empire primarily based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent, for 320 years (1206–1526).
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Demographics of India
India is the most populous country in the world with one-sixth of the world's population.
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Dharma
Dharma (धर्म) is a key concept with multiple meanings in the Indian religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism), among others.
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Dnyaneshwar
Sant Dnyaneshwar (Marathi pronunciation: d̪ɲyaːn̪eʃʋəɾ), also referred to as Dnyaneshwar, Dnyanadeva, Dnyandev or Mauli or Dnyaneshwar Vitthal Kulkarni (1275–1296), was a 13th-century Indian Marathi saint, poet, philosopher and yogi of the Nath and Varkari tradition.
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Doris Meth Srinivasan
Doris Meth Srinivasan is a professor of Indological studies.
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Dravidian peoples
The Dravidian peoples are an ethnolinguistic supraethnicity composed of many distinct ethnolinguistic groups native to South Asia (predominantly India).
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Durga
Durga (दुर्गा) is a major Hindu goddess, worshipped as a principal aspect of the mother goddess Mahadevi.
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Dvaita Vedanta
Dvaita Vedanta; (originally known as Tattvavada; IAST: Tattvavāda), is a sub-school in the Vedanta tradition of Hindu philosophy.
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East Asian Buddhism
East Asian Buddhism or East Asian Mahayana is a collective term for the schools of Mahāyāna Buddhism that developed across East Asia which follow the Chinese Buddhist canon.
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East Asian religions
In the study of comparative religion, the East Asian religions or Taoic religions, form a subset of the Eastern religions.
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Eastern religions
The Eastern religions are the religions which originated in East, South and Southeast Asia and thus have dissimilarities with Western, African and Iranian religions.
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Edward J. Thomas
Edward Joseph Thomas (30 July 1869 – 11 February 1958) was an English classicist, librarian and author of several books on the history of Buddhism.
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Eight Anthologies
The Eight Anthologies, known as Eṭṭuttokai (எட்டுத்தொகை) or "Eight Collections" in the literature, is a classical Tamil poetic work that forms part of the Eighteen Greater Texts (Patiṉeṇmēlkaṇakku) anthology series of the Sangam Literature.
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Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
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Ethnic religion
In religious studies, an ethnic religion is a religion or belief associated with notions of heredity and a particular ethnic group.
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Ganesha
Ganesha (गणेश), also spelled Ganesh, and also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, Lambodara and Pillaiyar, is one of the best-known and most worshipped deities in the Hindu pantheon and is the Supreme God in the Ganapatya sect.
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Gaudiya Vaishnavism
Gaudiya Vaishnavism, also known as Chaitanya Vaishnavism, is a Vaishnava Hindu religious movement inspired by Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534) in India.
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Gautama Maharishi
Gautama Maharishi (महर्षिः गौतम), was a sage in Hinduism, who is also mentioned in Jainism and Buddhism.
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Gavin Flood
Gavin Dennis Flood (born 1954) is a British scholar of comparative religion specialising in Shaivism and phenomenology, but with research interests that span South Asian traditions.
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Gilgamesh
Gilgamesh (𒀭𒄑𒂆𒈦|translit.
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Gorakhnath
Gorakhnath (also known as Goraksanath (Sanskrit: Gorakṣanātha), c. early 11th century) was a Hindu yogi, mahasiddha and saint who was the founder of the Nath Hindu monastic movement in India.
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Great Bath
The Great Bath is one of the best-known structures among the ruins of the Harappan Civilization, excavated at Mohenjo-daro in present-day Sindh province of Pakistan.
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Gregory Possehl
Gregory Louis Possehl (July 21, 1941 – October 8, 2011) was a professor emeritus of anthropology at the University of Pennsylvania, United States, and curator of the Asian Collections at the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology.
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Gujarat
Gujarat is a state along the western coast of India.
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Gujarat Freedom of Religion Act
The Gujarat Freedom of Religion Act (2003) requires religious conversions in Gujarat, India, to be approved by a district magistrate.
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Gupta Empire
The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire on the Indian subcontinent which existed from the mid 3rd century CE to mid 6th century CE.
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Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty
The Pratihara dynasty, also called the Gurjara-Pratiharas, the Pratiharas of Kannauj and the Imperial Pratiharas, was a medieval Indian dynasty that ruled parts of Northern India from the mid-8th to the 11th century.
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Guru Nanak
Gurū Nānak (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539; Gurmukhi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; pronunciation), also known as ('Father Nānak'), was the founder of Sikhism and is the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.
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Harappa
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about west of Sahiwal.
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Harry Oldmeadow
Kenneth "Harry" Oldmeadow (born 1947) is an Australian academic, author, editor and educator whose works focus on religion, tradition, traditionalist writers and philosophy.
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Harsha
Harshavardhana (IAST Harṣa-vardhana; 4 June 590–647 CE) was the emperor of Kannauj and ruled northern India from 606 to 647 CE.
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Heinrich Zimmer
Heinrich Robert Zimmer (6 December 1890 – 20 March 1943) was a German Indologist and linguist, as well as a historian of South Asian art, most known for his works, Myths and Symbols in Indian Art and Civilization and Philosophies of India.
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Hermann Oldenberg
Hermann Oldenberg (31 October 1854 – 18 March 1920) was a German scholar of Indology, and Professor at Kiel (1898) and Göttingen (1908).
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Hero stone
A hero stone (Vīragallu in Kannada, Naṭukal in Tamil) is a memorial commemorating the honorable death of a hero in battle.
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Hikayat Seri Rama
Hikayat Seri Rama (Jawi) is the Malay literary adaptation of the Hindu Ramayana epic in the form of a hikayat.
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Hindu atheism
Hindu atheism or non-theism, which is known as Nirīśvaravāda (Sanskrit: निरीश्वर्वाद,, lit. "Argument against the existence of Ishvara") has been a historically propounded viewpoint in many of the Astika (Orthodox) streams of Hindu philosophy.
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Hinduism
Hinduism is an Indian religion or dharma, a religious and universal order by which its followers abide.
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Hinduism in India
Hinduism is the largest and most practised religion in India.
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Hindus
Hindus (also known as Sanātanīs) are people who religiously adhere to Hinduism, also known by its endonym Sanātana Dharma.
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Historical Vedic religion
The historical Vedic religion, also known as Vedicism and Vedism, sometimes called "Ancient Hinduism", constituted the religious ideas and practices prevalent amongst the Indo-Aryan peoples of the northwest Indian subcontinent (Punjab and the western Ganges plain) during the Vedic period (1500–500 BCE).
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History of Buddhism in India
Buddhism is an ancient Indian religion, which arose in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of Gautama Buddha who was deemed a "Buddha" ("Awakened One"), although Buddhist doctrine holds that there were other Buddhas before him.
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History of India
Anatomically modern humans first arrived on the Indian subcontinent between 73,000 and 55,000 years ago.
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History of Shaktism
The roots of Shaktism – a Hindu denomination that focuses worship upon Shakti or Devi, the Hindu Divine Mother – penetrate deeply into India's prehistory.
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Ik Onkar
Ik Onkar, also spelled Ek Onkar or Ik Oankaar (Gurmukhi: or ਇੱਕ ਓਅੰਕਾਰ); literally, "one Om", hence interpreted as "There is only one God or one Creator") is a phrase in Sikhism that denotes the one supreme reality. It is a central tenet of Sikh religious philosophy.
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India
India, officially the Republic of India (ISO), is a country in South Asia.
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Indian epic poetry
Indian epic poetry is the epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent, traditionally called Kavya (or Kāvya; Sanskrit: काव्य, IAST: kāvyá).
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Indian independence movement
The Indian Independence Movement was a series of historic events in South Asia with the ultimate aim of ending British colonial rule.
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Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a physiographical region in Southern Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate, projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
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Indo-Aryan languages
The Indo-Aryan languages (or sometimes Indic languages) are a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages in the Indo-European language family.
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Indo-Aryan peoples
Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse collection of peoples speaking Indo-Aryan languages in the Indian subcontinent.
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Indo-Gangetic Plain
The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the North Indian River Plain, is a fertile plain encompassing northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, including most of modern-day northern and eastern India, most of eastern-Pakistan, virtually all of Bangladesh and southern plains of Nepal.
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Indo-Iranians
The Indo-Iranian peoples, also known as Ā́rya or Aryans from their self-designation, were a group of Indo-European speaking peoples who brought the Indo-Iranian languages to major parts of Eurasia in waves from the first part of the 2nd millennium BC onwards.
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Indology
Indology, also known as South Asian studies, is the academic study of the history and cultures, languages, and literature of the Indian subcontinent, and as such is a subset of Asian studies.
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Indra
Indra (इन्द्र) is the king of the devas and Svarga in Hinduism.
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Indus River
The Indus is a transboundary river of Asia and a trans-Himalayan river of South and Central Asia.
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Indus script
The Indus script, also known as the Harappan script and the Indus Valley Script, is a corpus of symbols produced by the Indus Valley Civilisation.
See Indian religions and Indus script
Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.
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Inference
Inferences are steps in reasoning, moving from premises to logical consequences; etymologically, the word infer means to "carry forward".
See Indian religions and Inference
International Society for Krishna Consciousness
The International Society for Krishna Consciousness (ISKCON), known colloquially as the Hare Krishna movement, is a Gaudiya Vaishnava Hindu religious organization.
See Indian religions and International Society for Krishna Consciousness
Iranian religions
The Iranian religions, also known as the Persian religions, are, in the context of comparative religion, a grouping of religious movements that originated in the Iranian plateau, which accounts for the bulk of what is called "Greater Iran".
See Indian religions and Iranian religions
Ishvara
Ishvara is a concept in Hinduism, with a wide range of meanings that depend on the era and the school of Hinduism.
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Itihasa-Purana
In Hinduism, Itihasa-Purana, also called the fifth Veda, refers to the traditional accounts of cosmogeny, myths, royal genealogies of the lunar dynasty and solar dynasty, and legendary past events, as narrated in the Itahasa (Mahabharata and the Ramayana) and the Puranas.
See Indian religions and Itihasa-Purana
Jainism
Jainism, also known as Jain Dharma, is an Indian religion.
See Indian religions and Jainism
Jainism in India
Jainism is India's sixth-largest religion and is practiced throughout India.
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James Mill
James Mill (born James Milne; 6 April 1773 – 23 June 1836) was a Scottish historian, economist, political theorist and philosopher.
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Jews
The Jews (יְהוּדִים) or Jewish people are an ethnoreligious group and nation originating from the Israelites of the ancient Near East, and whose traditional religion is Judaism.
John Marshall (archaeologist)
Sir John Hubert Marshall (19 March 1876, Chester, England – 17 August 1958, Guildford, England) was an English archaeologist who was Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India from 1902 to 1928.
See Indian religions and John Marshall (archaeologist)
Kabir
Kabir (8 June 1398–1518 CE) was a well-known Indian mystic poet and sant.
See Indian religions and Kabir
Kalash people
The Kalash (Kalasha: کالؕاشؕا, romanised: Kaḷaṣa), or Kalasha, are an Indo-Aryan indigenous people residing in the Chitral District of the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. They are considered unique among the people of Pakistan. They are also considered to be Pakistan's smallest ethnoreligious group, and traditionally practice what authors consider as a form of animism or ancient Hinduism.
See Indian religions and Kalash people
Kalinga (historical region)
Kalinga is a historical region of India.
See Indian religions and Kalinga (historical region)
Karl Eugen Neumann
Karl Eugen Neumann (18651915) was the first translator of large parts of the Pali Canon of Buddhist scriptures from the original Pali into a European language (German) and one of the pioneers of European Buddhism.
See Indian religions and Karl Eugen Neumann
Karma
Karma (from कर्म,; italic) is an ancient Indian concept that refers to an action, work, or deed, and its effect or consequences.
See Indian religions and Karma
Karnataka
Karnataka (ISO), also known colloquially as Karunāḍu, is a state in the southwestern region of India.
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Kartikeya
Kartikeya, also known as Skanda, Subrahmanya, Shanmukha and Murugan, is the Hindu god of war.
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Khalji dynasty
The Khalji or Khilji (خلجي) dynasty was the second dynasty which ruled the Delhi sultanate, covering large parts of the Indian subcontinent for nearly three decades between 1290 and 1320.
See Indian religions and Khalji dynasty
Kharavela
Kharavela (also transliterated Khārabēḷa) was a monarch of Kalinga in present-day Odisha, India, who ruled during the second or first century BCE.
See Indian religions and Kharavela
Koil
Koil or Koyil or Kovil (meaning: residence of GodThe modern Tamil word for Hindu temple is kōvil (கோவில்) meaning "the residence of God". In ancient Tamil Nadu, the king (கோ, Kō) was considered to be a ‘representative of God on earth' and lived in a kōvil, which also means "king’s house".
Kosala
Kosala, sometimes referred to as Uttara Kosala was one of the Mahajanapadas of ancient India.
See Indian religions and Kosala
Krishna
Krishna (Sanskrit: कृष्ण) is a major deity in Hinduism.
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Kshatriya
Kshatriya (from Sanskrit, "rule, authority"; also called Rajanya) is one of the four varnas (social orders) of Hindu society and is associated with the warrior aristocracy.
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Kupgal petroglyphs
The Kupgal petroglyphs are works of rock art found at Kupgal in Bellary district of Karnataka, India.
See Indian religions and Kupgal petroglyphs
Kuru Kingdom
Kuru was a Vedic Indo-Aryan tribal union in northern Iron Age India of the Bharatas and other Puru clans.
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Lalleshwari
Lalleshwari, also commonly known as Lal Ded (1320–1392), was a Kashmiri mystic of the Kashmir Shaivism school of Hindu philosophy.
See Indian religions and Lalleshwari
Lingam
A lingam (लिङ्ग, lit. "sign, symbol or mark"), sometimes referred to as linga or Shiva linga, is an abstract or aniconic representation of the Hindu god Shiva in Shaivism.
See Indian religions and Lingam
List of governors of Gujarat
The Governor of Gujarat is a nominal head and representative of the President of india in the state of Gujarat.
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London
London is the capital and largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in.
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Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh (meaning 'central province') is a state in central India.
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Madurai
Madurai, formerly known by its colonial name Madura is a major city in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu.
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Magadha
Magadha also called the Kingdom of Magadha or the Magadha Empire, was a kingdom and empire, and one of the sixteen lit during the Second Urbanization period, based in southern Bihar in the eastern Ganges Plain, in Ancient India.
See Indian religions and Magadha
Mahabharata
The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Smriti texts and Sanskrit epics of ancient India revered in Hinduism, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.
See Indian religions and Mahabharata
Mahabodhi Temple
The Mahabodhi Temple (literally: "Great Awakening Temple") or the Mahābodhi Mahāvihāra, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is an ancient, but restored Buddhist temple in Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India, marking the location where the Buddha is said to have attained enlightenment.
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Maharashtra
Maharashtra (ISO: Mahārāṣṭra) is a state in the western peninsular region of India occupying a substantial portion of the Deccan Plateau.
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Mahatma Gandhi
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (ISO: Mōhanadāsa Karamacaṁda Gāṁdhī; 2 October 186930 January 1948) was an Indian lawyer, anti-colonial nationalist and political ethicist who employed nonviolent resistance to lead the successful campaign for India's independence from British rule.
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Mahavira
Mahavira (Devanagari: महावीर), also known as Vardhamana (Devanagari: वर्धमान), the 24th Tirthankara (Supreme Teacher) of Jainism.
See Indian religions and Mahavira
Mamluk dynasty (Delhi)
The Mamluk dynasty (Salṭanat Mamlūk), also known as Slave dynasty, was a dynasty which ruled the Delhi Sultanate from 1206 to 1290.
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Mandala
A mandala (circle) is a geometric configuration of symbols.
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Mandamus
A writ of is a judicial remedy in the English and American common law system consisting of a court order that commands a government official or entity to perform an act it is legally required to perform as part of its official duties, or to refrain from performing an act the law forbids it from doing.
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Mantra
A mantra (Pali: mantra) or mantram (Devanagari: मन्त्रम्) is a sacred utterance, a numinous sound, a syllable, word or phonemes, or group of words (most often in an Indic language like Sanskrit) believed by practitioners to have religious, magical or spiritual powers.
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Materialism
Materialism is a form of philosophical monism which holds that matter is the fundamental substance in nature, and that all things, including mental states and consciousness, are results of material interactions of material things.
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Maurya Empire
The Maurya Empire (Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀕𑀥𑁂, Māgadhe) was a geographically extensive Iron Age historical power in South Asia based in Magadha (present day Bihar).
See Indian religions and Maurya Empire
Mīmāṃsā
Mīmāṁsā (Sanskrit: मीमांसा; IAST: Mīmāṃsā) is a Sanskrit word that means "reflection" or "critical investigation" and thus refers to a tradition of contemplation which reflected on the meanings of certain Vedic texts.
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Mesolithic
The Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos 'middle' + λίθος, lithos 'stone') or Middle Stone Age is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic.
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Michael Witzel
Michael Witzel (born July 18, 1943) is a German-American philologist, comparative mythologist and Indologist.
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Mikel Burley
Mikel Burley is a scholar of religion and philosophy, known for his work on the Hindu and Buddhist traditions.
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Mirabai
Meera, better known as Mirabai, and venerated as Sant Meerabai, was a 16th-century Hindu mystic poet and devotee of Krishna.
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Missionary
A missionary is a member of a religious group who is sent into an area in order to promote its faith or provide services to people, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.
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Moksha
Moksha (मोक्ष), also called vimoksha, vimukti, and mukti, is a term in Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism for various forms of emancipation, liberation, nirvana, or release.
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Mount Meru
Mount Meru (Sanskrit/Pali: मेरु), also known as Sumeru, Sineru, or Mahāmeru, is the sacred five-peaked mountain of Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist cosmology and is considered to be the centre of all the physical, metaphysical, and spiritual universes.
See Indian religions and Mount Meru
Murti
In the Hindu tradition, a murti (mūrti) is a devotional image, such as a statue or icon, of a deity or saint used during puja and/or in other customary forms of actively expressing devotion or reverence - whether at Hindu temples or shrines.
See Indian religions and Murti
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
See Indian religions and Muslims
Namdev
Namdev (Pronunciation: naːmdeʋ), also transliterated as Nam Dayv, Namdeo, Namadeva, (traditionally) was a Marathi Vaishnava saint from Narsi, Hingoli, Maharashtra, Medieval India within the Varkari tradition of Hinduism.
See Indian religions and Namdev
Navayana
Navayāna (Devanagari: नवयान, IAST: Navayāna, meaning "New Vehicle"), otherwise known as Navayāna Buddhism, refers to the modern re-interpretation of Buddhism founded and developed by the Indian jurist, social reformer, and scholar B. R. Ambedkar; it is otherwise called Neo-Buddhism and Ambedkarite Buddhism.
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Nawal Kishore Sharma
Nawal Kishore Sharma (Dausa, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 5 July 1925 – 8 October 2012) was an Indian politician, who served as Governor of Gujarat state from July 2004 to July 2009.
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Nayanars
The Nayanars (or Nayanmars; lit, and later 'teachers of Shiva) were a group of 63 Tamil Hindu saints living during the 6th to 8th centuries CE who were devoted to the Hindu god Shiva.
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Neo-Vedanta
Neo-Vedanta, also called Hindu modernism, neo-Hinduism, Global Hinduism and Hindu Universalism, are terms to characterize interpretations of Hinduism that developed in the 19th century.
See Indian religions and Neo-Vedanta
Neolithic
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
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Nepal
Nepal, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal, is a landlocked country in South Asia.
See Indian religions and Nepal
New York City
New York, often called New York City (to distinguish it from New York State) or NYC, is the most populous city in the United States.
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Non-possession
Non-possession (अपरिग्रह) is a religious tenet followed in Buddhist, Hindu, and Jain traditions in South Asia.
See Indian religions and Non-possession
North India
North India, also called Northern India, is a geographical and broad cultural region comprising the northern part of India (or historically, the Indian subcontinent) wherein Indo-Aryans form the prominent majority population.
See Indian religions and North India
Nyaya
Nyāya (Sanskrit:न्यायः, IAST:'nyāyaḥ'), literally meaning "justice", "rules", "method" or "judgment", is one of the six orthodox (Āstika) schools of Hindu philosophy.
See Indian religions and Nyaya
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
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Pañcāla
Panchala was an ancient kingdom of northern India, located in the Ganges-Yamuna Doab of the Upper Gangetic plain which is identified as Kanyakubja or region around Kannauj.
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Pakistan
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country in South Asia.
See Indian religions and Pakistan
Pala Empire
The Pāla Empire (r. 750–1161 CE) was an imperial power during the post-classical period in the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.
See Indian religions and Pala Empire
Palitana temples
The Palitana temples, often known only as Palitana, are a large complex of Jain temples located on Shatrunjaya hills near Palitana in Bhavnagar district, Gujarat, India.
See Indian religions and Palitana temples
Pallava dynasty
The Pallava dynasty existed from 275 CE to 897 CE, ruling a significant portion of the Deccan, also known as Tondaimandalam.
See Indian religions and Pallava dynasty
Parshvanatha
Parshvanatha (पार्श्वनाथः), or and Pārasanātha, was the 23rd of 24 Tirthankaras (supreme preacher of dharma) of Jainism.
See Indian religions and Parshvanatha
Pashupati
Pashupati (पशुपति) is a Hindu deity and an incarnation of Shiva as the "Lord of the animals".
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Pashupati seal
The Pashupati seal (also Mahayogi seal, Proto-Śiva seal the adjective "so-called" sometimes applied to "Pashupati"), is a steatite seal which was uncovered in Mohenjo-daro, now in modern day Pakistan, a major urban site of the Indus Valley civilisation ("IVC"), during excavations in 1928–29, when the region was under British rule.
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Patrick Olivelle
Patrick Olivelle is an Indologist.
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Perception
Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment.
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Perennial philosophy
The perennial philosophy (philosophia perennis), also referred to as perennialism and perennial wisdom, is a school of thought in philosophy and spirituality which posits that the recurrence of common themes across world religions illuminates universal truths about the nature of reality, humanity, ethics, and consciousness.
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Phallus
A phallus (phalli or phalluses) is a penis (especially when erect), an object that resembles a penis, or a mimetic image of an erect penis.
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Phra Lak Phra Ram
Phra Lak Phra Ram (ພຣະລັກພຣະຣາມ, pʰrāʔ lāk pʰrāʔ ráːm) is the national epic of the Lao people, an adaptation of the ancient Indian epic Ramayana. Ramayana reached Laos much later than Cambodia (Reamker) and Thailand (Ramakien) which caused the loss of its original Hindu influence and affected local adaptation.
See Indian religions and Phra Lak Phra Ram
Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar
Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (21 May 1921 – 21 October 1990), also known by his spiritual name Shrii Shrii Ánandamúrti (Ánanda Múrti.
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Pramana
Pramana (IAST: Pramāṇa) literally means "proof" and "means of knowledge".
See Indian religions and Pramana
Prehistoric religion
Prehistoric religion is the religious practice of prehistoric cultures.
See Indian religions and Prehistoric religion
Principal Upanishads
Principal Upanishads, also known as Mukhya Upanishads, are the most ancient and widely studied Upanishads of Hinduism.
See Indian religions and Principal Upanishads
Proto-Indo-European mythology
Proto-Indo-European mythology is the body of myths and deities associated with the Proto-Indo-Europeans, speakers of the hypothesized Proto-Indo-European language.
See Indian religions and Proto-Indo-European mythology
Punjab
Punjab (also romanised as Panjāb or Panj-Āb), also known as the Land of the Five Rivers, is a geopolitical, cultural, and historical region in South Asia. It is specifically located in the northwestern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of modern-day eastern-Pakistan and northwestern-India.
See Indian religions and Punjab
Puranas
Puranas (पुराण||ancient, old (1995 Edition), Article on Puranas,, page 915) are a vast genre of Hindu literature about a wide range of topics, particularly about legends and other traditional lore.
See Indian religions and Puranas
Raja Ram Mohan Roy
Raja Ram Mohan Roy (22 May 1772 – 27 September 1833) was an Indian reformer who was one of the founders of the Brahmo Sabha in 1828, the precursor of the Brahmo Samaj, a social-religious reform movement in the Indian subcontinent.
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Rajasthan
Rajasthan (lit. 'Land of Kings') is a state in northwestern India.
See Indian religions and Rajasthan
Rajput
Rajput (from Sanskrit rājaputra meaning "son of a king"), also called Thakur, is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent.
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Rama
Rama is a major deity in Hinduism.
Ramakien
The (รามเกียรติ์,,;; sometimes also spelled) is one of Thailand's national epics.
See Indian religions and Ramakien
Ramananda
Jagadguru Swami Ramananda (IAST: Rāmānanda) or Ramanandacharya was an Indian 14th-century Hindu Vaishnava devotional poet saint, who lived in the Gangetic basin of northern India.
See Indian religions and Ramananda
Ramanuja
Ramanuja (Middle Tamil: Rāmāṉujam; Classical Sanskrit: Rāmānuja; 1077 – 1157), also known as Ramanujacharya, was an Indian Hindu philosopher, guru and a social reformer.
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Ramayana
The Ramayana (translit-std), also known as Valmiki Ramayana, as traditionally attributed to Valmiki, is a smriti text (also described as a Sanskrit epic) from ancient India, one of the two important epics of Hinduism known as the Itihasas, the other being the Mahabharata.
See Indian religions and Ramayana
Rashtrakutas
Rashtrakuta (IAST) (r. 753 – 982 CE) was a royal Indian dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian subcontinent between the 6th and 10th centuries.
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Ravidas
Ravidas or Raidas (1267–1335) was an Indian mystic poet-saint of the Bhakti movement during the 15th to 16th century CE.
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Rāja yoga
In Sanskrit texts, Rāja yoga was both the goal of yoga and a method to attain it.
See Indian religions and Rāja yoga
Reamker
Reamker (រាមកេរ្តិ៍, UNGEGN:, ALA-LC) is a Cambodian epic poem, based on the Sanskrit's Rāmāyana epic.
See Indian religions and Reamker
Religion
Religion is a range of social-cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements—although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.
See Indian religions and Religion
Religious text
Religious texts, including scripture, are texts which various religions consider to be of central importance to their religious tradition.
See Indian religions and Religious text
Richard E. King
Richard E. King is currently Professor of Global Philosophy at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
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Rigveda
The Rigveda or Rig Veda (ऋग्वेद,, from ऋच्, "praise" and वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (sūktas).
See Indian religions and Rigveda
Rishabha (Hinduism)
In Hinduism, Rishabha is one of the twenty-four avatars of Vishnu in the Bhagavata Purana.
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Rishabhanatha
Rishabhanatha (Devanagari: ऋषभनाथ), also Rishabhadeva (Devanagari: ऋषभदेव), Rishabha (Devanagari: ऋषभ) or Ikshvaku (Devanagari: इक्ष्वाकु, Ikṣvāku), is the first tirthankara (Supreme preacher) of Jainism.
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Rishi
In Indian religions, a rishi is an accomplished and enlightened person.
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Romila Thapar
Romila Thapar (born 30 November 1931) is an Indian historian.
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Routledge
Routledge is a British multinational publisher.
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Rudra
Rudra (रुद्र) is a Rigvedic deity associated with Shiva, the wind or storms, Vayu, medicine, and the hunt.
See Indian religions and Rudra
Saṃsāra
Saṃsāra (Devanagari: संसार) is a Pali and Sanskrit word that means "wandering" as well as "world," wherein the term connotes "cyclic change" or, less formally, "running around in circles." Saṃsāra is referred to with terms or phrases such as transmigration/reincarnation, karmic cycle, or Punarjanman, and "cycle of aimless drifting, wandering or mundane existence".
See Indian religions and Saṃsāra
Samagana
Sāma is composition of words in Rigvedic hymns from notes.
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Samhita
Samhita (IAST: Saṃhitā) literally means "put together, joined, union", a "collection", and "a methodically, rule-based combination of text or verses".
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Samkhya
Samkhya or Sankhya (sāṃkhya) is a dualistic orthodox school of Hindu philosophy.
See Indian religions and Samkhya
Sanamahism
Sanamahism, also known as Meiteism, or Lainingthouism is an ethnic religion of the Meitei people of Manipur, in Northeast India. Indian religions and Sanamahism are religion in South Asia.
See Indian religions and Sanamahism
Sangam landscape
The Sangam landscape (Tamil: அகத்திணை "inner classification") is the name given to a poetic device that was characteristic of love poetry in classical Tamil Sangam literature.
See Indian religions and Sangam landscape
Sankardev
Srimanta Sankardev (1449–1568) was a 15th–16th century Assamese polymath; a saint-scholar, poet, playwright, dancer, actor, musician, artist social-religious reformer and a figure of importance in the cultural and religious history of the Bhakti movement in Assam. He is credited with building on past cultural relics and devising new forms of music (Borgeet), theatrical performance (Ankia Naat, Bhaona), dance (Sattriya), literary language (Brajavali).
See Indian religions and Sankardev
Sanskrit
Sanskrit (attributively संस्कृत-,; nominally संस्कृतम्) is a classical language belonging to the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Indian religions and Sanskrit
Sanskritisation
Sanskritisation (or Sanskritization) is a term in sociology which refers to the process by which castes or tribes placed lower in the caste hierarchy seek upward mobility by emulating the rituals and practices of the dominant castes or upper castes.
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Sant (religion)
A sant (सन्त्; IAST) is a human being revered as a "truth-exemplar" for their abnormal level of "self, truth, reality" in Indic religions, particularly Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism, and Buddhism.
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Sarnath
Sarnath (also referred to as Sarangnath, Isipatana, Rishipattana, Migadaya, or Mrigadava) is a place located northeast of Varanasi, near the confluence of the Ganges and the Varuna rivers in Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (5 September 188817 April 1975; natively Radhakrishnayya) was an Indian politician, philosopher and statesman who served as the second president of India from 1962 to 1967.
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Satavahana dynasty
The Satavahanas (Sādavāhana or Sātavāhana, IAST), also referred to as the Andhras (also Andhra-bhṛtyas or Andhra-jatiyas) in the Puranas, were an ancient Indian dynasty.
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Satya
(Sanskrit: सत्य; IAST) is a Sanskrit word translated as truth or essence.
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Shabda
Shabda (शब्द), is the Sanskrit word for "speech sound".
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Shaivism
Shaivism (translit-std) is one of the major Hindu traditions, which worships Shiva as the Supreme Being.
See Indian religions and Shaivism
Shakha
A shakha (Sanskrit, "branch" or "limb") is a Hindu theological school that specializes in learning certain Vedic texts, or else the traditional texts followed by such a school.
See Indian religions and Shakha
Shaktism
Shaktism (translit-std) is a major Hindu denomination in which the godhead or metaphysical reality is considered metaphorically to be a woman.
See Indian religions and Shaktism
Shakya
Shakya (Pāḷi:; translit) was an ancient clan of the northeastern region of South Asia, whose existence is attested during the Iron Age.
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Shatrunjaya
Shatrunjaya or Shetrunjaya ("place of victory against inner enemies") originally Pundarikgiri), are hills located by the city of Palitana, in Bhavnagar district, Gujarat, India. They are situated on the banks of the Shetrunji River at an elevation above sea level. These hills have similarities to other hills where Jain temples have been built in Bihar, Gwalior, Mount Abu and Girnar.
See Indian religions and Shatrunjaya
Shiva
Shiva (lit), also known as Mahadeva (Category:Trimurti Category:Wisdom gods Category:Time and fate gods Category:Indian yogis.
See Indian religions and Shiva
Shiva in Buddhism
Maheśvara (Sanskrit: महेश्वर; Pali: Mahissara; traditional Chinese/Japanese: 大自在天; Pinyin: Dàzìzàitiān, Rōmaji: Daijizaiten) is a deva in Buddhist mythology.
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Shuddhadvaita
Shuddadvaita (Sanskrit: "pure non-dualism") is the "purely non-dual" philosophy propounded by the Hindu philosopher Vallabha (1479-1531 CE), the founder of ("The path of grace"), a Vaishnava tradition focused on the worship of the deity Krishna.
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Sikh gurus
The Sikh gurus (Punjabi: ਸਿੱਖ ਗੁਰੂ; Hindi: सिख गुरु) are the spiritual masters of Sikhism, who established the religion over the course of about two and a half centuries, beginning in 1469.
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Sikhism
Sikhism, also known as Sikhi (ਸਿੱਖੀ,, from translit), is a monotheistic religion and philosophy, that originated in the Punjab region of India around the end of the 15th century CE.
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Sikhism in India
Indian Sikhs number approximately 21 million people and account for 1.7% of India's population as of 2011, forming the country's fourth-largest religious group.
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Sikhs
Sikhs (singular Sikh: or; sikkh) are an ethnoreligious group who adhere to Sikhism, a religion that originated in the late 15th century in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, based on the revelation of Guru Nanak.
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Smarta tradition
The Smarta tradition (स्मार्त), also called Smartism, is a movement in Hinduism that developed and expanded with the Puranas genre of literature.
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Somavamshi dynasty
The Somavamshi (IAST: Somavaṃśī, "Lunar dynasty") or Keshari (IAST: Keśarī) dynasty ruled parts of present-day Odisha in eastern India between the 9th and the 12th centuries.
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South Asian Stone Age
The South Asian Stone Age covers the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods in the Indian subcontinent.
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Sri Aurobindo
Sri Aurobindo (born Aurobindo Ghose; 15 August 1872 – 5 December 1950) was an Indian philosopher, yogi, maharishi, poet, and Indian nationalist.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka, historically known as Ceylon, and officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia.
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States and union territories of India
India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories, for a total of 36 entities.
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Stephanie W. Jamison
Stephanie Wroth Jamison (born July 17, 1948) is an American linguist, currently at University of California, Los Angeles and an elected Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences.
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Sumerian religion
Sumerian religion was the religion practiced by the people of Sumer, the first literate civilization found in recorded history and based in ancient Mesopotamia, and what is modern day Iraq.
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Supreme Court of India
The Supreme Court of India (ISO: Bhārata kā Sarvōcca Nyāyālaya) is the supreme judicial authority and the highest court of the Republic of India.
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Surdas
Surdas was a 16th-century blind Hindu devotional poet and singer, who was known for his works written in praise of Krishna. His compositions captured his devotion towards Krishna. Most of his poems were written in the Braj language, while some were also written in other dialects of medieval Hindi, like Awadhi.
See Indian religions and Surdas
Surya
Surya (सूर्य) is the SunDalal, p. 399 as well as the solar deity in Hinduism.
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Swami Vivekananda
Swami Vivekananda (IAST: Svāmī Vivekānanda; 12 January 1863 – 4 July 1902), born Narendranath Datta, was an Indian Hindu monk, philosopher, author, religious teacher, and the chief disciple of the Indian mystic Ramakrishna.
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Swaminarayan
Swaminarayan (IAST:; 3 April 1781 – 1 June 1830), also known as Sahajanand Swami, was a yogi and ascetic believed by followers to be a manifestation of Krishna or the highest manifestation of Purushottama, around whom the Swaminarayan Sampradaya developed.
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Swaminarayan Sampradaya
The Swaminarayan Sampradaya, also known as Swaminarayan Hinduism and Swaminarayan movement, is a Hindu Vaishnava sampradaya rooted in Ramanuja's Vishishtadvaita, characterized by the worship of its charismatic founder Sahajanand Swami, better known as Swaminarayan (1781–1830), as an avatar of Krishna or as the highest manifestation of Purushottam, the supreme God.
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Tamil language
Tamil (தமிழ்) is a Dravidian language natively spoken by the Tamil people of South Asia.
See Indian religions and Tamil language
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu (TN) is the southernmost state of India.
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Tamilakam
Tamilakam (Tamiḻakam) was the geographical region inhabited by the ancient Tamil people, covering the southernmost region of the Indian subcontinent.
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Tamils
The Tamils, also known as the Tamilar, are a Dravidian ethnolinguistic group who natively speak the Tamil language and trace their ancestry mainly to India's southern state of Tamil Nadu, to the union territory of Puducherry, and to Sri Lanka.
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Ten Idylls
The Ten Idylls, known as Pattuppāṭṭu (பத்துப்பாட்டு) or Ten Lays, is an anthology of ten longer poems in the Sangam literature – the earliest known Tamil literature.
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Testimony
Testimony is a solemn attestation as to the truth of a matter.
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The Buddha
Siddhartha Gautama, most commonly referred to as the Buddha ('the awakened'), was a wandering ascetic and religious teacher who lived in South Asia during the 6th or 5th century BCE and founded Buddhism.
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The History of British India
The History of British India is a three-volume work by the Scottish historian, economist, political theorist, and philosopher James Mill, charting the history of Company rule in India.
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The Tribune (India)
The Tribune is an Indian English-language daily newspaper published from Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Bathinda, Chandigarh and Gurugram.
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Theism
Theism is broadly defined as the belief in the existence of at least one deity.
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Thomas McEvilley
Thomas McEvilley (July 13, 1939 – March 2, 2013) was an American art critic, poet, novelist, and scholar.
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Three Crowned Kings
The Three Crowned Kings, were the triumvirate of Chera, Chola and Pandya who dominated the politics of the ancient Tamil country, Tamilakam, from their three Nadu (countries) of Chola Nadu, Pandya Nadu (present day Madurai and Tirunelveli) and Chera Nadu (present day Kerala and some parts of Tamilnadu) in southern India.
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Tirthankara
In Jainism, a Tirthankara is a saviour and supreme spiritual teacher of the dharma (righteous path).
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Tolkāppiyam
Tolkāppiyam, also romanised as Tholkaappiyam (தொல்காப்பியம், lit. "ancient poem"), is the most ancient extant Tamil grammar text and the oldest extant long work of Tamil literature.
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Tribal religions in India
Roughly 8.6 per cent of India's population is made up of "Scheduled Tribes" (STs), traditional tribal communities.
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Tukaram
Sant Tukaram Maharaj (Marathi pronunciation: t̪ukaːɾam), also known as Tuka, Tukobaraya, Tukoba, was a Hindu, Marathi Saint of Varkari sampradaya" in Dehu village, Maharashtra in the 17th century.
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Tulsidas
Rambola Dubey (11 August 1511 – 30 July 1623pp. 23–34.), known as Tulsidas, was a Vaishnava (Ramanandi) Hindu saint and poet, renowned for his devotion to the deity Rama.
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Turkic peoples
The Turkic peoples are a collection of diverse ethnic groups of West, Central, East, and North Asia as well as parts of Europe, who speak Turkic languages.
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Tutelary deity
A tutelary (also tutelar) is a deity or a spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation.
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Tyagaraja
Sadguru Tyagaraja Swami (Telugu: సద్గురు త్యాగరాజ స్వామి) (4 May 1767 – 6 January 1847), also known as Tyagayya, and in full as Kakarla Tyagabrahmam, was a saint composer and of Carnatic music, a form of Indian classical music.
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Unifying Hinduism
Unifying Hinduism: Philosophy and Identity in Indian Intellectual History is a book Andrew J. Nicholson on Indian philosophy, describing the philosophical unification of Hinduism, which it places in the Middle Ages.
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University of Calcutta
The University of Calcutta (informally known as Calcutta University; CU) is a public state university located in Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Upanishads
The Upanishads (उपनिषद्) are late Vedic and post-Vedic Sanskrit texts that "document the transition from the archaic ritualism of the Veda into new religious ideas and institutions" and the emergence of the central religious concepts of Hinduism.
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Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh ('North Province') is a state in northern India.
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Vahana
Vahana (translit) or vahanam denotes the being, typically an animal or mythical entity, a particular Hindu deity is said to use as a vehicle.
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Vaisheshika
Vaisheshika (IAST: Vaiśeṣika;; वैशेषिक) is one of the six schools of Hindu philosophy from ancient India.
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Vaishnavism
Vaishnavism (translit-std) is one of the major Hindu denominations along with Shaivism, Shaktism, and Smartism.
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Vajra
The Vajra is a legendary and ritualistic tool, symbolizing the properties of a diamond (indestructibility) and a thunderbolt (irresistible force).
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Vajrapani
(Sanskrit; Pali: Vajirapāṇi, 'holder of the thunderbolt', lit. meaning, "Vajra in hand") is one of the earliest-appearing bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism.
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Vajrayana
Vajrayāna (वज्रयान; 'vajra vehicle'), also known as Mantrayāna ('mantra vehicle'), Mantranāya ('path of mantra'), Guhyamantrayāna ('secret mantra vehicle'), Tantrayāna ('tantra vehicle'), Tantric Buddhism, and Esoteric Buddhism, is a Buddhist tradition of tantric practice that developed in Medieval India and spread to Tibet, Nepal, other Himalayan states, East Asia, parts of Southeast Asia and Mongolia.
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Vallabha
Vallabha, or Vallabhacharya (1479–1531 CE), was an Indian saint and philosopher.
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Vamadeva
Vamadeva (translit) is a rishi (sage) in Hindu literature.
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Vedanta
Vedanta (वेदान्त), also known as Uttara Mīmāṃsā, is one of the six orthodox (''āstika'') traditions of textual exegesis and Hindu philosophy.
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Vedas
The Vedas are ancient Sanskrit texts of Hinduism. Above: A page from the ''Atharvaveda''. The Vedas are a large body of religious texts originating in ancient India.
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Vedic period
The Vedic period, or the Vedic age, is the period in the late Bronze Age and early Iron Age of the history of India when the Vedic literature, including the Vedas (–900 BCE), was composed in the northern Indian subcontinent, between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation, which began in the central Indo-Gangetic Plain BCE.
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Vedic Sanskrit
Vedic Sanskrit, also simply referred as the Vedic language, is an ancient language of the Indo-Aryan subgroup of the Indo-European language family.
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Vegetarianism
Vegetarianism is the practice of abstaining from the consumption of meat (red meat, poultry, seafood, insects, and the flesh of any other animal).
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Vishnu
Vishnu, also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism.
See Indian religions and Vishnu
Vyasa
Krishna Dvaipayana (कृष्णद्वैपायन), better known as Vyasadeva(lit) or Veda Vyasa (lit), is a revered ''rishi'' (sage) portrayed in most Hindu traditions.
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Waheguru
Waheguru (translit-std, pronunciation:, literally meaning "Wow Guru", figuratively translated to mean "Wonderful God" or "Wonderful Lord") is a term used in Sikhism to refer to God as described in Guru Granth Sahib.
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World Wisdom
World Wisdom is an independent American publishing company established in 1980 in Bloomington, Indiana.
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Yajna
Yajna (also pronounced as Yag) (lit) in Hinduism refers to any ritual done in front of a sacred fire, often with mantras.
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Yajurveda
The Yajurveda (यजुर्वेद,, from यजुस्, "worship", and वेद, "knowledge") is the Veda primarily of prose mantras for worship rituals.
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Yoga
Yoga (lit) is a group of physical, mental, and spiritual practices or disciplines which originated in ancient India and aim to control (yoke) and still the mind, recognizing a detached witness-consciousness untouched by the mind (Chitta) and mundane suffering (Duḥkha).
Yoni
Yoni (Sanskrit: योनि), sometimes called pindika, is an abstract or aniconic representation of the Hindu goddess Shakti.
Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism (Din-e Zartoshti), also known as Mazdayasna and Behdin, is an Iranian religion.
See Indian religions and Zoroastrianism
Zoroastrianism in India
Zoroastrianism, an Iranian religion, has been present in India for thousands of years.
See Indian religions and Zoroastrianism in India
See also
Religion in South Asia
- Buddhism in South Asia
- Hinduism in South Asia
- Indian religions
- Islam in South Asia
- Religion in South Asia
- Sanamahism
References
Also known as Arya Dharma, Dharma religions, Dharma religious, Dharmic Religion, Dharmic Religions, Dharmic Tradition, Dharmic Traditions, Dharmic faith, Dharmic faiths, History of Indian religions, Indian religion, Indian religious, Indian subcontinent religions, Indic Religions, Indic religion, Indo religion, Indo religions, Indoism, Karmic religions, Prehistoric Indian religions, South Asian religions.
, Brahmana, Brahmin, British Raj, Buddhahood, Buddhism, Buddhism in Southeast Asia, Caste, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Chalukya dynasty, Chan Buddhism, Charles Eliot (diplomat), Charvaka, Chimera (mythology), Chola dynasty, Christianity in India, Christians, Constitution of India, Dada Lekhraj, Dalit, Decline of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent, Delhi, Delhi Sultanate, Demographics of India, Dharma, Dnyaneshwar, Doris Meth Srinivasan, Dravidian peoples, Durga, Dvaita Vedanta, East Asian Buddhism, East Asian religions, Eastern religions, Edward J. Thomas, Eight Anthologies, Encyclopædia Britannica, Ethnic religion, Ganesha, Gaudiya Vaishnavism, Gautama Maharishi, Gavin Flood, Gilgamesh, Gorakhnath, Great Bath, Gregory Possehl, Gujarat, Gujarat Freedom of Religion Act, Gupta Empire, Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, Guru Nanak, Harappa, Harry Oldmeadow, Harsha, Heinrich Zimmer, Hermann Oldenberg, Hero stone, Hikayat Seri Rama, Hindu atheism, Hinduism, Hinduism in India, Hindus, Historical Vedic religion, History of Buddhism in India, History of India, History of Shaktism, Ik Onkar, India, Indian epic poetry, Indian independence movement, Indian subcontinent, Indo-Aryan languages, Indo-Aryan peoples, Indo-Gangetic Plain, Indo-Iranians, Indology, Indra, Indus River, Indus script, Indus Valley Civilisation, Inference, International Society for Krishna Consciousness, Iranian religions, Ishvara, Itihasa-Purana, Jainism, Jainism in India, James Mill, Jews, John Marshall (archaeologist), Kabir, Kalash people, Kalinga (historical region), Karl Eugen Neumann, Karma, Karnataka, Kartikeya, Khalji dynasty, Kharavela, Koil, Kosala, Krishna, Kshatriya, Kupgal petroglyphs, Kuru Kingdom, Lalleshwari, Lingam, List of governors of Gujarat, London, Madhya Pradesh, Madurai, Magadha, Mahabharata, Mahabodhi Temple, Maharashtra, Mahatma Gandhi, Mahavira, Mamluk dynasty (Delhi), Mandala, Mandamus, Mantra, Materialism, Maurya Empire, Mīmāṃsā, Mesolithic, Michael Witzel, Mikel Burley, Mirabai, Missionary, Moksha, Mount Meru, Murti, Muslims, Namdev, Navayana, Nawal Kishore Sharma, Nayanars, Neo-Vedanta, Neolithic, Nepal, New York City, Non-possession, North India, Nyaya, Oxford University Press, Pañcāla, Pakistan, Pala Empire, Palitana temples, Pallava dynasty, Parshvanatha, Pashupati, Pashupati seal, Patrick Olivelle, Perception, Perennial philosophy, Phallus, Phra Lak Phra Ram, Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, Pramana, Prehistoric religion, Principal Upanishads, Proto-Indo-European mythology, Punjab, Puranas, Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Rajasthan, Rajput, Rama, Ramakien, Ramananda, Ramanuja, Ramayana, Rashtrakutas, Ravidas, Rāja yoga, Reamker, Religion, Religious text, Richard E. King, Rigveda, Rishabha (Hinduism), Rishabhanatha, Rishi, Romila Thapar, Routledge, Rudra, Saṃsāra, Samagana, Samhita, Samkhya, Sanamahism, Sangam landscape, Sankardev, Sanskrit, Sanskritisation, Sant (religion), Sarnath, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Satavahana dynasty, Satya, Shabda, Shaivism, Shakha, Shaktism, Shakya, Shatrunjaya, Shiva, Shiva in Buddhism, Shuddhadvaita, Sikh gurus, Sikhism, Sikhism in India, Sikhs, Smarta tradition, Somavamshi dynasty, South Asian Stone Age, Sri Aurobindo, Sri Lanka, States and union territories of India, Stephanie W. Jamison, Sumerian religion, Supreme Court of India, Surdas, Surya, Swami Vivekananda, Swaminarayan, Swaminarayan Sampradaya, Tamil language, Tamil Nadu, Tamilakam, Tamils, Ten Idylls, Testimony, The Buddha, The History of British India, The Tribune (India), Theism, Thomas McEvilley, Three Crowned Kings, Tirthankara, Tolkāppiyam, Tribal religions in India, Tukaram, Tulsidas, Turkic peoples, Tutelary deity, Tyagaraja, Unifying Hinduism, University of Calcutta, Upanishads, Uttar Pradesh, Vahana, Vaisheshika, Vaishnavism, Vajra, Vajrapani, Vajrayana, Vallabha, Vamadeva, Vedanta, Vedas, Vedic period, Vedic Sanskrit, Vegetarianism, Vishnu, Vyasa, Waheguru, World Wisdom, Yajna, Yajurveda, Yoga, Yoni, Zoroastrianism, Zoroastrianism in India.