Black British

Black British are British citizens of Black origins or heritage, including those of African-Caribbean (sometimes called "Afro-Caribbean") background, and may include people with mixed ancestry. ^[1]

Academy Award for Best Picture

The Academy Award for Best Picture is one of the Academy Awards presented annually since the awards debuted in 1929, by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS).

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Adam Afriyie

Adam Afriyie (born 4 August 1965) is a British Conservative Party politician, and the Member of Parliament (MP) for Windsor.

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Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje

Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje (born 22 August 1967) is an English actor and former fashion model.

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Adrian Lester

Adrian Anthony Lester, OBE (born 14 August 1968), born Anthony Harvey, is an English actor, director, and writer.

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Africa

Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).

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Africa (Roman province)

Africa Proconsularis was a Roman province on the north African coast that was established in 146 BC following the defeat of Carthage in the Third Punic War.

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Afro-Caribbean, a term not used by West Indians themselves but first coined by Americans in the late 1960s, describes Caribbean people who trace at least some of their ancestry to West Africa in the period since Christopher Columbus' arrival in the region in 1492.

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Ainsley Harriott

Ainsley Harriott (born 28 February 1957) is an English chef, television presenter, and entertainer.

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Aldgate

Aldgate is an area of Central London, England, within the City of London.

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Alex Tudor

Alex Jeremy Tudor (born 23 October 1977 in Kensington) is an English cricketer who has spent two spells with Surrey as well as playing for Essex.

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Alex Wheatle

Alex Alphonso Wheatle MBE (3 January 1963) is an award-winning black British novelist of Jamaican heritage, sentenced to a term of imprisonment after the Brixton riots.

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Alison Donnell

Alison Donnell is an academic, originally from the United Kingdom.

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American Revolutionary War

The American Revolutionary War (17751783), also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and its Thirteen Colonies which declared independence as the United States of America. After 1765, growing philosophical and political differences strained the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies. Patriot protests against taxation without representation followed the Stamp Act and escalated into boycotts, which culminated in 1773 with the Sons of Liberty destroying a shipment of tea in Boston Harbor. Britain responded by closing Boston Harbor and passing a series of punitive measures against Massachusetts Bay Colony. Massachusetts colonists responded with the Suffolk Resolves, and they established a shadow government which wrested control of the countryside from the Crown. Twelve colonies formed a Continental Congress to coordinate their resistance, establishing committees and conventions that effectively seized power. British attempts to disarm the Massachusetts militia at Concord, Massachusetts in April 1775 led to open combat. Militia forces then besieged Boston, forcing a British evacuation in March 1776, and Congress appointed George Washington to command the Continental Army. Concurrently, an American attempt to invade Quebec and raise rebellion against the British failed decisively. On July 2, 1776, the Continental Congress voted for independence, issuing its declaration on July 4. Sir William Howe launched a British counter-offensive, capturing New York City and leaving American morale at a low ebb. However, victories at Trenton and Princeton restored American confidence. In 1777, the British launched an invasion from Quebec under John Burgoyne, intending to isolate the New England Colonies. Instead of assisting this effort, Howe took his army on a separate campaign against Philadelphia, and Burgoyne was decisively defeated at Saratoga in October 1777. Burgoyne's defeat had drastic consequences. France formally allied with the Americans and entered the war in 1778, and Spain joined the war the following year as an ally of France but not as an ally of the United States. In 1780, the Kingdom of Mysore attacked the British in India, and tensions between Great Britain and the Netherlands erupted into open war. In North America, the British mounted a "Southern strategy" led by Charles Cornwallis which hinged upon a Loyalist uprising, but too few came forward. Cornwallis suffered reversals at King's Mountain and Cowpens. He retreated to Yorktown, Virginia, intending an evacuation, but a decisive French naval victory deprived him of an escape. A Franco-American army led by the Comte de Rochambeau and Washington then besieged Cornwallis' army and, with no sign of relief, he surrendered in October 1781. Whigs in Britain had long opposed the pro-war Tories in Parliament, and the surrender gave them the upper hand. In early 1782, Parliament voted to end all offensive operations in North America, but the war continued in Europe and India. Britain remained under siege in Gibraltar but scored a major victory over the French navy. On September 3, 1783, the belligerent parties signed the Treaty of Paris in which Great Britain agreed to recognize the sovereignty of the United States and formally end the war. French involvement had proven decisive,Brooks, Richard (editor). Atlas of World Military History. HarperCollins, 2000, p. 101 "Washington's success in keeping the army together deprived the British of victory, but French intervention won the war." but France made few gains and incurred crippling debts. Spain made some minor territorial gains but failed in its primary aim of recovering Gibraltar. The Dutch were defeated on all counts and were compelled to cede territory to Great Britain. In India, the war against Mysore and its allies concluded in 1784 without any territorial changes.

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Andrea Levy

Andrea Levy (born 7 March 1956) is an English novelist, born in London to Jamaican parents, who sailed to England on the Empire Windrush in 1948.

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Andrew Ducrow

Andrew Ducrow (1793–1842) was a British circus performer, often called the "Father of British circus equestrianism" and "the Colossus of equestrians".

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Andrew Watson (footballer, born 1856)

Andrew Watson (24 May 1856 – 8 March 1921) is widely considered to be the world's first black person to play association football at international level.

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Antonia Thomas

Antonia Laura Thomas (born 3 November 1986) is an English actress.

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Arab world

The Arab world (العالم العربي; formally: Arab homeland, الوطن العربي), also known as the Arab nation (الأمة العربية) or the Arab states, currently consists of the 22 Arab countries of the Arab League.

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Ashley Cole

Ashley Cole (born 20 December 1980) is an English professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Los Angeles Galaxy in Major League Soccer.

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Ashley Walters (actor)

Ashley Walters (born 30 June 1982), better known by his stage name Asher D, is an English rapper and actor best known for his star role as Ricky in Bullet Boy (2004) and his role as Antoine in Get Rich or Die Tryin' (2005).

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Ashley Williams (footballer)

Ashley Errol Williams (born 23 August 1984) is a professional footballer who plays as a defender for Premier League club Everton and as the captain of the Wales national team.

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Association football

Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball.

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Atlantic Creole

Atlantic Creole is a term used in North America to describe the Charter Generation of slaves and indentured workers during the European colonization of the Americas before 1660.

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Atlantic slave trade

The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas.

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Audit committee

In a U.S. publicly traded company, an audit committee is an operating committee of the board of directors charged with oversight of financial reporting and disclosure.

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Barbadians

Barbadians or Bajans are the people who are identified with the country of Barbados, be it the citizens of the country or their descendants in the Barbadian diaspora.

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Barbados

Barbados is an island country in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies, in the Caribbean region of North America.

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Bassline (music genre)

Bassline (sometimes referred to as bassline house, organ house, Niche or 4x4) is a type of music related to UK garage that originated in Sheffield in the early 2000s.

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BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster.

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BBC News

BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs.

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Beachy Head Lady

The Beachy Head Lady is an ancient skeleton discovered in Beachy Head, East Sussex, England.

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Being for the Benefit of Mr. Kite!

"Being for the Benefit of Mr.

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Benjamin Zephaniah

Benjamin Obadiah Iqbal Zephaniah (born 15 April 1958)Gregory, Andy (2002), International Who's Who in Popular Music 2002, Europa, p. 562.

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Benji Webbe

Clive John "Benji" Webbe (born 11 March 1967) is a British singer best known as the lead vocalist for the a reggae/nu metal band Skindred as well as lead singer of Dub War, Mass Mental and his own solo project.

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Bernardine Evaristo

Bernardine Evaristo, MBE FRSL FRSA, FEA, is an award-winning British author of eight books of fiction and verse fiction.

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Bernie Grant

Bernard Alexander Montgomery Grant (17 February 1944 – 8 April 2000), known simply as Bernie Grant, was a British Labour Party politician who was the Member of Parliament for Tottenham from 1987 to his death in 2000.

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BET Awards

The BET Awards were established in 2001 by the Black Entertainment Television network to celebrate African Americans and other American minorities in music, acting, sports, and other fields of entertainment over the past year.

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Bill Morris, Baron Morris of Handsworth

William Manuel Morris, Baron Morris of Handsworth, OJ, DL (born 19 October 1938), generally known as Bill Morris, is a former British trade union leader.

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Billy Ocean

Billy Ocean (born Leslie Sebastian Charles; 21 January 1950) is a Trinidadian-English recording artist who had a string of R&B international pop hits in the 1970s and 1980s.

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Billy Waters

Billy Waters (1778–1823) was a black man who busked in London in the nineteenth century by singing, playing the violin and entertaining theatre goers with his "peculiar antics".

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Birmingham

Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England, with an estimated population of 1,101,360, making it the second most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Black and Asian Studies Association

The Black and Asian Studies Association (BASA) was set up in London in 1991.

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Black British

Black British are British citizens of Black origins or heritage, including those of African-Caribbean (sometimes called "Afro-Caribbean") background, and may include people with mixed ancestry.

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Black Cultural Archives

Black Cultural Archives (BCA) was founded in 1981, by educationalist and historian Len Garrison and others.

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Black Loyalist

A Black Loyalist was a United Empire Loyalist inhabitant of British America of African descent who joined the British colonial military forces during the American Revolutionary War.

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Black people

Black people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other populations.

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Black people in Ireland

Black people have lived in Ireland in very small numbers since the 18th century.

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Black Scottish people

Black Scottish people (also referred to as the Afro-Scots, Black Scottish, and Black Scots) represent a small proportion (less than 1 per cent according to the 2011 census) of the country's overall population, although the Black population of Scotland has a long history.

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Blackamoores

Blackamoores: Africans in Tudor England, their Presence, Status and Origins, written by Onyeka, is a 2013 book about the African population present in England during the Tudor period.

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Bola Agbaje

Bola Agbaje (born c. 1981) is an award-winning British playwright and Screenwriter of Nigerian origin, who is under commission with Seven Stories Ltd and Sky Atlantic for a 10- part tv drama called Pastor Elizabeth.

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Breach of contract

Breach of contract is a legal cause of action and a type of civil wrong, in which a binding agreement or bargained-for exchange is not honored by one or more of the parties to the contract by non-performance or interference with the other party's performance.

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Bristol

Bristol is a city and county in South West England with a population of 456,000.

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British African-Caribbean people

British African Caribbean (or Afro-Caribbean) people are residents of the United Kingdom whose ancestors were primarily indigenous to Africa.

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British Asian

British Asians (also referred as South Asians in the United Kingdom, Asian British people or Asian Britons) are persons of South Asian descent who reside in the United Kingdom.

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British English

British English is the standard dialect of English language as spoken and written in the United Kingdom.

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British Medical Association

The British Medical Association (BMA) is the professional association and registered trade union for doctors in the United Kingdom.

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British National Party

The British National Party (BNP) is a far-right and fascist political party in the United Kingdom.

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British Nationality Act 1981

The British Nationality Act 1981 (c.61) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning British nationality since 1 January 1983.

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British people

The British people, or the Britons, are the citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the British Overseas Territories, and the Crown dependencies.

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British Private Equity and Venture Capital Association

The British Private Equity and Venture Capital Association, sometimes known simply as the British Venture Capital Association, or BVCA, is a trade organisation founded in 1983 for the private equity and venture capital industry in the UK.

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British Social Attitudes Survey

The British Social Attitudes Survey (BSA) is an annual statistical survey conducted in Great Britain by National Centre for Social Research since 1983.

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British subject

The term British subject has had a number of different legal meanings over time.

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British West Indies

The British West Indies, sometimes abbreviated to the BWI, is a collective term for the British territories in the Caribbean: Anguilla, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Turks and Caicos Islands, Montserrat and the British Virgin Islands.

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Broadsheet

A broadsheet is the largest newspaper format and is characterized by long vertical pages (typically). Other common newspaper formats include the smaller Berliner and tabloid/compact formats.

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Broadwater Farm riot

The Broadwater Farm riot occurred around the Broadwater Farm estates area of Tottenham, North London, on 6 October 1985.

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Brummie

Brummie or Brummy is the English dialect of Birmingham, England.

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Caméra d'Or

The Caméra d'Or ("Golden Camera") is an award of the Cannes Film Festival for the best first feature film presented in one of the Cannes' selections (Official Selection, Directors' Fortnight or International Critics' Week).

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Cambridge University Press

Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.

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Canning Town

Canning Town is a district in the West Ham area of the London Borough of Newham in East London, England.

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Cardiff

Cardiff (Caerdydd) is the capital of, and largest city in, Wales, and the eleventh-largest city in the United Kingdom.

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Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

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Caribbean English

Caribbean English is a broad term for the dialects of the English language spoken in the Caribbean and Liberia, most countries on the Caribbean coast of Central America, and Guyana and Suriname on the coast of South America.

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Caryl Phillips

Caryl Phillips (born 13 March 1958) is a Kittitian-British novelist, playwright and essayist.

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Catherine of Aragon

Catherine of Aragon (16 December 1485 – 7 January 1536), was Queen of England from June 1509 until May 1533 as the first wife of King Henry VIII; she was previously Princess of Wales as the wife of Henry's elder brother Arthur.

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Cato Street Conspiracy

The Cato Street Conspiracy was an attempt to murder all the British cabinet ministers and Prime Minister Lord Liverpool in 1820.

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Census in the United Kingdom

Coincident full censuses have taken place in the different jurisdictions of the United Kingdom every ten years since 1801, with the exceptions of 1941 (during the Second World War) and Ireland in 1921.

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Chapeltown, Leeds

Chapeltown is a suburb of north-east Leeds, in West Yorkshire, England,.

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Chartism

Chartism was a working-class movement for political reform in Britain that existed from 1838 to 1857.

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Chief constable

Chief Constable is the rank used by the chief police officer of every territorial police force in the United Kingdom except for the City of London Police and the Metropolitan Police, as well as the chief officers of the three 'special' national police forces, the British Transport Police, Ministry of Defence Police, and Civil Nuclear Constabulary.

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Chief Secretary to the Treasury

The Chief Secretary to the Treasury is the second most senior ministerial position in HM Treasury, after the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

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Children's Laureate

Children's Laureate is a position initially awarded in the United Kingdom once every two years to a "writer or illustrator of children's books to celebrate outstanding achievement in their field." The post stemmed from a discussion between the (now deceased) Poet Laureate Ted Hughes and children's writer Michael Morpurgo.

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Chip (rapper)

Jahmaal Fyffe (born 26 November 1990), better known by his stage name Chip or Chipmunk, is an English rapper and singer.

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Chippenham (UK Parliament constituency)

Chippenham is a parliamentary constituency, abolished in 1983 but recreated in 2010, and represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Chiwetel Ejiofor

Chiwetel Umeadi Ejiofor (born 10 July 1977) is a British actor.

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Chris Iwelumo

Christopher Robert Iwelumo (born 1 August 1978) is a Scottish former professional footballer, who played as a striker.

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Chris Jordan (cricketer)

Christopher James "Chris" Jordan (born 4 October 1988) is a Barbadian-English cricketer.

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Chris Lewis (cricketer)

Clairmonte Christopher Lewis (born 14 February 1968) is an English former cricketer, who played for Nottinghamshire, Surrey and Leicestershire in the 1990s.

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Chris Ofili

Christopher Ofili, CBE (born 10 October 1968) is a British Turner Prize-winning painter who is best known for his paintings incorporating elephant dung.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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Circus

A circus is a company of performers who put on diverse entertainment shows that include clowns, acrobats, trained animals, trapeze acts, musicians, dancers, hoopers, tightrope walkers, jugglers, magicians, unicyclists, as well as other object manipulation and stunt-oriented artists.

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Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom

A number of different systems of classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom exist.

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Claudette Johnson

Claudette Johnson (born 1959) is a British visual artist.

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Cockney

The term cockney has had several distinct geographical, social, and linguistic associations.

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Colin Salmon

Colin Salmon (born 6 December 1962) is a British actor best known for playing Charles Robinson in three James Bond films and James "One" Shade in the ''Resident Evil'' film series.

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Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor

The Committee for the Relief of the Black Poor was a charitable organisation founded in London in 1786 to provide sustenance for distressed people of African and Asian origin.

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Commonwealth Foundation prizes

Commonwealth Foundation presented a number of prizes between 1987 and 2011.

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Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962

The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962 was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968

The Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1968 (c. 9) was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Commonwealth of Nations

The Commonwealth of Nations, often known as simply the Commonwealth, is an intergovernmental organisation of 53 member states that are mostly former territories of the British Empire.

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Conservative Party (UK)

The Conservative Party, officially the Conservative and Unionist Party, is a centre-right political party in the United Kingdom.

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Controlling for a variable

In statistics, controlling for a variable is the attempt to reduce the effect of confounding variables in an observational study or experiment.

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Costa Book Awards

The Costa Book Awards are a set of annual literary awards recognizing English-language books by writers based in Britain and Ireland.

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Countries of the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (UK) comprises four countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales.

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Cressida Dick

Commissioner Cressida Rose Dick (born 16 October 1960) is a British senior police officer, currently the Commissioner of the Metropolitan Police Service (MPS) in London.

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Cricket

Cricket is a bat-and-ball game played between two teams of eleven players each on a cricket field, at the centre of which is a rectangular pitch with a target at each end called the wicket (a set of three wooden stumps upon which two bails sit).

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Crimean War

The Crimean War (or translation) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia.

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Culture of the United Kingdom

The culture of the United Kingdom is influenced by the UK's history as a developed state, a liberal democracy and a great power; its predominantly Christian religious life; and its composition of four countries—England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland—each of which has distinct customs, cultures and symbolism.

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Dadabhai Naoroji

Dadabhai Naoroji (4 September 1825 – 30 June 1917), known as the Grand Old Man of India, was a Parsi intellectual, educator, cotton trader, and an early Indian political and social leader.

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Daily Mail

The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-marketPeter Wilby, New Statesman, 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) tabloid newspaper owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust and published in London.

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Daley Thompson

Francis Morgan Ayodélé "Daley" Thompson, (born 30 July 1958), is a British former decathlete.

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Damon Buffini

| spouse.

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Daniel Kaluuya

Daniel Kaluuya OBE (born 24 February 1989) is an English actor and writer.

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Daniel Sturridge

Daniel Andre Sturridge (born 1 September 1989) is an English professional footballer who plays for Premier League club Liverpool and the English national team.

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Danny Gabbidon

Daniel Leon Gabbidon (born 8 August 1979) is a retired Welsh professional footballer who last played for Welsh club Panteg as a defender.

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Danny Welbeck

Daniel Nii Tackie Mensah Welbeck (born 26 November 1990) is an English professional footballer who plays for club Arsenal and the English national team.

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David Harewood

David Harewood (born 8 December 1965) is an English actor.

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David James (footballer, born 1970)

David Benjamin James MBE (born 1 August 1970) is an English former footballer who played as a goalkeeper.

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David Lammy

David Lindon Lammy, (born 19 July 1972) is a British Labour Party politician, who has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Tottenham since 2000.

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David Oyelowo

David Oyetokunbo Oyelowo, (born 1 April 1976) is an English actor and producer.

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David Pitt, Baron Pitt of Hampstead

David Thomas Pitt, Baron Pitt of Hampstead (3 October 1913 – 18 December 1994), was a British Labour Party politician, general practitioner and political activist.

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David Starkey

David Robert StarkeyStarkey had his middle name in 1986 when he stood for election but it was not mentioned when he was awarded his CBE in 2007.

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Dean Headley

Dean Warren Headley (born 27 January 1970) is a former English professional cricketer who played international cricket for the England cricket team in the 1990s.

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Death of Mark Duggan

Mark Duggan, a 29-year-old British man, was shot and fatally wounded by police in Tottenham, North London, England, on 4 August 2011.

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DeHavilland

DeHavilland Information Services Ltd is a British media company that provides political monitoring services for public affairs professionals.

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Delroy Lindo

Delroy George Lindo (born 18 November 1952) is a British actor and theatre director.

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Des Walker

Desmond Sinclair Walker (born 26 November 1965 in Homerton, London) is a former England international footballer with 59 full caps.

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Devon Malcolm

Devon Eugene Malcolm (born 22 February 1963) is a former English cricketer.

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Diane Abbott

Diane Julie Abbott (born 27 September 1953) is a British Labour Party politician who was appointed Shadow Home Secretary in October 2016.

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Diran Adebayo

Diran Adebayo FRSL (born 30 August 1968) is a British novelist, cultural critic and academic best known for his stylish, inventive tales of London and the lives of African diasporans.

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Dizzee Rascal

Dylan Kwabena Mills (born 18 September 1984), better known by his stage name Dizzee Rascal, is an English hip hop recording artist and record producer. A pioneer of grime music, his work has also incorporated elements of UK garage, bassline, British hip hop, and R&B. He released his acclaimed debut album Boy in da Corner in 2003. It has since been considered a grime classic and earned him the 2003 Mercury Prize. Follow-up albums Showtime, Maths + English, and Tongue n' Cheek have been critically praised and certified platinum, with Tongue n' Cheek going platinum for sales exceeding 300,000 units in the United Kingdom. He has scored the number-one hits "Dance wiv Me", "Bonkers", "Holiday", "Dirtee Disco", "Shout".

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Drum and bass

Drum and bass (also written as "drum 'n' bass" or "drum & bass"; commonly abbreviated as "D&B", "DnB" or "D'n'B"), is a genre and branch of electronic music which emerged from rave and jungle scenes in Britain during the early 1990s.

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Dubstep

Dubstep is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in South London in the late 1990s.

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Dwain Chambers

Dwain Anthony Chambers (born 5 April 1978) is a retired British track sprinter.

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Eamonn Walker

Eamonn Roderique Walker (born June 12, 1962) is an English film, television and theatre actor.

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Early modern Britain

Early modern Britain is the history of the island of Great Britain roughly corresponding to the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries.

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East End of London

The East End of London, usually called the East End, is the historic core of wider East London, east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London, and north of the River Thames.

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Eddie Parris

John Edward ("Eddie" or "Ted") Parris (31 January 1911 – 1971) was a Welsh international footballer, who played for Bradford Park Avenue, AFC Bournemouth, Luton Town, Bath City, Northampton Town and Cheltenham Town.

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Eddy Grant

Edmond Montague "Eddy" Grant (born 5 March 1948) is a Guyanese-British musician.

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Edward Scobie

Dr.

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Ekow Eshun

Ekow Eshun (born 27 May 1968) is a Ghanaian-British writer, journalist, and broadcaster.

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Elizabeth I of England

Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603.

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England and Wales

England and Wales is a legal jurisdiction covering England and Wales, two of the four countries of the United Kingdom.

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England cricket team

The England cricket team represents England and Wales (and, until 1992, also Scotland) in international cricket.

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England national football team

The England national football team represents England in international football and is controlled by The Football Association, the governing body for football in England.

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English Defence League

The English Defence League (EDL) is a far-right and counter-jihadist street-based social movement and pressure group in the United Kingdom.

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English-based creole languages

An English-based creole language (often shortened to English creole) is a creole language derived from the English language, for which English is the lexifier.

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Ernst & Young

Ernst & Young (doing business as EY) is a multinational professional services firm headquartered in London, England.

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Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom

People from various ethnicities reside in the United Kingdom.

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Eunice Olumide

Eunice Olumide MBE is a Scottish supermodel, actress and curator.

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Expulsion of Asians from Uganda

In early August 1972, the President of Uganda, Idi Amin, ordered the expulsion of his country's Asian minority, giving them 90 days to leave the country.

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Fairford

Fairford is a small town in Gloucestershire, England.

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Falklands War

The Falklands War (Guerra de las Malvinas), also known as the Falklands Conflict, Falklands Crisis, Malvinas War, South Atlantic Conflict, and the Guerra del Atlántico Sur (Spanish for "South Atlantic War"), was a ten-week war between Argentina and the United Kingdom over two British dependent territories in the South Atlantic: the Falkland Islands, and its territorial dependency, the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

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Far-right politics

Far-right politics are politics further on the right of the left-right spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of more extreme nationalist, and nativist ideologies, as well as authoritarian tendencies.

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Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile

The Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA, English: International Automobile Federation) is an association established as the Association Internationale des Automobile Clubs Reconnus (AIACR, English: 'International Association of Recognized Automobile Clubs') on 20 June 1904 to represent the interests of motoring organisations and motor car users.

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Ferdinand Dennis

Ferdinand Dennis (born 1956), British Council, Literature Matters.

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Fleet Street

Fleet Street is a major street in the City of London.

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Foreign national

A foreign national is a person who is not a citizen of the host country in which he or she is residing or temporarily sojourning.

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Foreign-born population of the United Kingdom

The foreign-born population of the United Kingdom includes immigrants from a wide range of countries who are resident in the United Kingdom.

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Forensic anthropology

Forensic anthropology is the application of the anatomical science of anthropology and its various subfields, including forensic archaeology and forensic taphonomy, in a legal setting.

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Formula One

Formula One (also Formula 1 or F1) is the highest class of single-seater auto racing sanctioned by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and owned by the Formula One Group.

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Fowokan

George "Fowokan" Kelly (born 1 April 1943) is a Jamaican-born visual artist who lives in Britain and exhibits using the name "Fowokan" (a Yoruba word meaning: "one who creates with the hand").

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Francis Barber

Francis Barber (– 13 January 1801), born Quashey, was the Jamaican manservant of Samuel Johnson in London from 1752 until Johnson's death in 1784.

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Frank Bowling

Richard Sheridan Franklin Bowling (born 29 February 1936), known as Frank Bowling, is a Guyana-born British artist who is widely considered to be one of the most distinguished artists to emerge from post-war British art schools.

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Frank Bruno

Franklin Roy "Frank" Bruno, (born 16 November 1961) is a British former professional boxer who competed from 1982 to 1996.

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Freedom of information laws by country

Freedom of Information laws (FOI laws) allow access by the general public to data held by national governments.

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French language

French (le français or la langue française) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.

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G.I. (military)

G.I. is an acronym used to describe the soldiers of the United States Army and airmen of the United States Army Air Forces and also for general items of their equipment.

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Gary Younge

Gary Andrew Younge (born January 1969) is a British journalist, author and broadcaster.

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GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)

The General Certificate of Education (GCE) Advanced Level, or A Level, is a main school leaving qualification in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, the Channel Islands and the Isle of Man.

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General Certificate of Secondary Education

The General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) is an academic qualification, generally taken in a number of subjects by pupils in secondary education in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.

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General Register Office for Scotland

The General Register Office for Scotland (GROS) (Oifis Choitcheann a' Chlàraidh na h-Alba) was a non-ministerial directorate of the Scottish Government that administered the registration of births, deaths, marriages, divorces and adoptions in Scotland.

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George Bridgetower

George Augustus Polgreen Bridgetower (11 October 1778 – 29 February 1860) was an Afro-European musician, born in Poland.

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Ghana

Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa.

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Gladstone Small

Gladstone Cleophas Small (born 18 October 1961 in St. George, Barbados) is an English former cricketer, who played in seventeen Tests and fifty three ODIs for England.

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Glasgow

Glasgow (Glesga; Glaschu) is the largest city in Scotland, and third most populous in the United Kingdom.

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Gloucestershire

Gloucestershire (formerly abbreviated as Gloucs. in print but now often as Glos.) is a county in South West England.

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Gordon Brown

James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010.

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Great Britain

Great Britain, also known as Britain, is a large island in the north Atlantic Ocean off the northwest coast of continental Europe.

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Great Britain at the Olympics

Great Britain or Team GB is the team that sends athletes from the United Kingdom (UK), all but three of its overseas territories, and the three Crown dependencies, to the Olympic Games.

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Greater London

Greater London is a region of England which forms the administrative boundaries of London, as well as a county for the purposes of the lieutenancies.

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Grenada

Grenada is a sovereign state in the southeastern Caribbean Sea consisting of the island of Grenada and six smaller islands at the southern end of the Grenadines island chain.

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Gretchen Gerzina

Gretchen Holbrook Gerzina is an American author and academic who has written mostly historically-grounded biographical studies.

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Grime (music genre)

Grime (also known as, Eskibeat, 8Bar, Sublow and UK Bashment) is a genre of music that emerged in London in the early 2000s.

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Gugu Mbatha-Raw

Gugulethu Sophia "Gugu" Mbatha-Raw (born 21 April 1983) is an English actress, known for her role as Kelly in Black Mirror, Dido Elizabeth Belle in Belle, Noni Jean in Beyond the Lights, and Plumette in Beauty and the Beast.

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Henry VII of England

Henry VII (Harri Tudur; 28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was the King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 to his death on 21 April 1509.

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Henry VIII of England

Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 1509 until his death.

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History of slavery

The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day.

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House of Commons of the United Kingdom

The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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House of Lords

The House of Lords of the United Kingdom, also known as the House of Peers, is the upper house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Hugh Quarshie

Hugh Anthony Quarshie (born 22 December 1954) is a Ghanaian-born British actor.

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Huguenots

Huguenots (Les huguenots) are an ethnoreligious group of French Protestants who follow the Reformed tradition.

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Hunger (2008 film)

Hunger is a 2008 Irish-British historical drama film directed by Steve McQueen and starring Michael Fassbender, Liam Cunningham, and Liam McMahon, about the 1981 Irish hunger strike.

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Huyton

Huyton is a town in the Metropolitan Borough of Knowsley, in Merseyside, England.

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Ian Wright

Ian Edward Wright, (born 3 November 1963) is an English former professional footballer turned television and radio personality.

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Idi Amin

Idi Amin Dada (2816 August 2003) was a Ugandan politician and military officer.

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Idris Elba

Idrissa Akuna Elba (born 6 September 1972) is an English actor, producer, musician, and DJ.

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Ignatius Sancho

Ignatius Sancho (c. 1729 – 14 December 1780) was a British composer, actor, and writer.

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Immigration Act 1971

The Immigration Act 1971 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom concerning immigration.

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Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa

The Indian diaspora in Southeast Africa consists of approximately 3 million people of Indian origin.

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Indian people

No description.

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Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a southern region and peninsula of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

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Indo-Caribbeans

Indo-Caribbeans are Caribbean people with roots in the Indian subcontinent.

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Institutional racism

Institutional racism (also known as institutionalized racism) is a form of racism expressed in the practice of social and political institutions.

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Intellectual

An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about society and proposes solutions for its normative problems.

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Interracial marriage

Interracial marriage is a form of marriage outside a specific social group (exogamy) involving spouses who belong to different socially-defined races or racialized ethnicities.

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Ira Berlin

Ira Berlin (May 27, 1941 – June 5, 2018) was an American historian, professor of history at the University of Maryland, and former president of Organization of American Historians.

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Iraq

Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.

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Irish migration to Great Britain

Irish migration to Great Britain has occurred from the earliest recorded history to the present.

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Irreligion

Irreligion (adjective form: non-religious or irreligious) is the absence, indifference, rejection of, or hostility towards religion.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Jai Quitongo

Jai Quitongo (born 14 September 1997) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a winger for Greenock Morton and a Scotland U21 internationalist.

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Jaki Graham

Jacqueline Maureen Graham (born 15 September 1956) is a British singer-songwriter.

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Jamaica

Jamaica is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea.

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Jamaican Patois

Jamaican Patois, known locally as Patois (Patwa or Patwah) and called Jamaican Creole by linguists, is an English-based creole language with West African influences (a majority of loan words of Akan origin) spoken primarily in Jamaica and the Jamaican diaspora; it is spoken by the majority of Jamaicans as a native language.

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James IV of Scotland

James IV (17 March 1473 – 9 September 1513) was the King of Scotland from 11 June 1488 to his death.

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Joan Armatrading

Joan Anita Barbara Armatrading, MBE (born 9 December 1950) is a British singer-songwriter and guitarist.

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John Barnes (footballer)

John Charles Bryan Barnes MBE (born 7 November 1963) is a Jamaican-born English former professional footballer and manager, who currently works as a commentator and pundit for ESPN and SuperSport.

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John Blanke

John Blanke (also rendered Blancke or Blak) (fl. 1501–1511) was a black musician in London in the early 16th century.

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John Boyega

John Adedayo B. Adegboyega (born 17 March 1992), known professionally as John Boyega, is an English actor known for playing Finn in the 2015 film Star Wars: The Force Awakens and its 2017 sequel Star Wars: The Last Jedi, respectively the seventh and eighth films of the Star Wars series.

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John Hawkins (naval commander)

Admiral Sir John Hawkins (also spelled as Hawkyns) (1532 – 12 November 1595) was an English slave trader, naval commander and administrator, merchant, navigator, shipbuilder and privateer.

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John Holt (Lord Chief Justice)

Sir John Holt (23 December 1642 – 5 March 1710) was an English lawyer and served as Lord Chief Justice of England from 17 April 1689 to his death.

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John Lok

John Lok was the son of Sir William Lok, the great-great-great-grandfather of the philosopher John Locke (1632–1704).

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John Taylor, Baron Taylor of Warwick

John David Beckett Taylor, Baron Taylor of Warwick (born 21 September 1952) is a member of the House of Lords in the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Johnson Beharry

Lance Sergeant Johnson Gideon Beharry, VC, COG (born 26 July 1979) is a British Army soldier who, on 18 March 2005, was awarded the Victoria Cross, the highest military decoration for valour in the British and Commonwealth armed forces, for saving members of his unit, the 1st Battalion Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment, from ambushes on 1 May and again on 11 June 2004 at Al-Amarah, Iraq.

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Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health

The Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health is a peer-reviewed public health journal that covers all aspects of epidemiology and public health.

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Jungle music

Jungle is a genre of electronic music derived from breakbeat hardcore that developed in England in the early 1990s as part of UK rave scenes.

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Kano (rapper)

Kane Robinson (born 21 May 1985), better known as Kano, is an English rapper and actor from East Ham, London.

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Keith Piper (artist)

Keith Piper (born in 1960) is a leading contemporary British artist, curator, critic and academic.

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Kelly Holmes

Dame Kelly Holmes, DBE (born 19 April 1970) is a retired British middle distance athlete.

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Kent

Kent is a county in South East England and one of the home counties.

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Kenya

Kenya, officially the Republic of Kenya, is a country in Africa with its capital and largest city in Nairobi.

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Khoikhoi

The Khoikhoi (updated orthography Khoekhoe, from Khoekhoegowab Khoekhoen; formerly also Hottentots"Hottentot, n. and adj." OED Online, Oxford University Press, March 2018, www.oed.com/view/Entry/88829. Accessed 13 May 2018. Citing G. S. Nienaber, 'The origin of the name “Hottentot” ', African Studies, 22:2 (1963), 65-90,. See also.) are the traditionally nomadic pastoralist non-Bantu indigenous population of southwestern Africa.

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Kimathi Donkor

Kimathi Donkor (born in 1965) is a contemporary British artist whose large-scale figurative paintings are "genuine cornucopias of interwoven reference: to Western art, social and political events, and to the artist's own biography".

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Kingdom of Great Britain

The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially called simply Great Britain,Parliament of the Kingdom of England.

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Knight

A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a monarch, bishop or other political leader for service to the monarch or a Christian Church, especially in a military capacity.

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Knights of the Round Table

The Knights of the Round Table were the knightly members of the legendary fellowship of the King Arthur in the literary cycle of the Matter of Britain, in which the first written record of them appears in the Roman de Brut written by the Norman poet Wace in 1155.

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Kwame Kwei-Armah

Kwame Kwei-Armah OBE (born 24 March 1967 in Hillingdon, London), born Ian Roberts, is a British actor, playwright, director, singer and broadcaster.

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Labour Force Survey

Labour Force Surveys are statistical surveys conducted in a number of countries designed to capture data about the labour market.

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Labour Party (UK)

The Labour Party is a centre-left political party in the United Kingdom.

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Languages of Africa

The languages of Africa are divided into six major language families.

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Lascar

A lascar was a sailor or militiaman from the Indian Subcontinent, Southeast Asia, the Arab world, and other territories located to the east of the Cape of Good Hope, who were employed on European ships from the 16th century until the middle of the 20th century.

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Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)

The Leader of the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom is the most senior politician of the Conservative Party.

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Leader of the House of Lords

The Leader of the House of Lords is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom who is responsible for arranging government business in the House of Lords.

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Learie Constantine

Learie Nicholas Constantine, Baron Constantine, (21 September 19011 July 1971) was a West Indian cricketer, lawyer and politician who served as Trinidad's High Commissioner to the United Kingdom and became the UK's first black peer.

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Leeds

Leeds is a city in the metropolitan borough of Leeds, in the county of West Yorkshire, England.

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Lemn Sissay

Lemn Sissay (born 21 May 1967) is a British author and broadcaster.

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Lennie James

Lennie James (born 11 October 1965) is a British actor, screenwriter, and playwright.

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Lennox Lewis

Lennox Claudius Lewis,, (born 2 September 1965) is a former professional boxer who competed from 1989 to 2003.

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Lenny Henry

Sir Lenworth George Henry, (born 29 August 1958), known as Lenny Henry, is a British stand-up comedian, actor, singer, writer, and television presenter, known for co-founding charity Comic Relief, and presenting various television programmes, including the comedy Chef!, and The Magicians for BBC One.

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Leona Lewis

Leona Louise Lewis (born 3 April 1985) is a British singer, songwriter and animal welfare campaigner.

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Lethal Bizzle

Maxwell Owusu Ansah (born 14 September 1982), known by his stage name Lethal Bizzle, is an English rapper and actor from Walthamstow, London, of Ghanaian heritage.

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Lewis Hamilton

Lewis Carl Davidson Hamilton MBE (born 7 January 1985) is a British racing driver who races in Formula One for Mercedes AMG Petronas.

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Liberal Party (UK)

The Liberal Party was one of the two major parties in the United Kingdom – with the opposing Conservative Party – in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

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Life peer

In the United Kingdom, life peers are appointed members of the peerage whose titles cannot be inherited, in contrast to hereditary peers.

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Linford Christie

Linford Cicero Christie (born 2 April 1960) is a Jamaican-born British former sprinter.

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Linton Kwesi Johnson

Linton Kwesi Johnson (aka LKJ, born 24 August 1952) is a Jamaican dub poet who has long been based in the UK.

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Lisbon

Lisbon (Lisboa) is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 552,700, Census 2011 results according to the 2013 administrative division of Portugal within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2.

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List of dialects of the English language

This is an overview list of dialects of the English language.

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List of ethnic riots

This is a list of ethnic riots, sectarian riots, and race riots, by country.

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List of WBC world champions

This is a list of WBC world champions, showing every world champion certificated by the World Boxing Council (WBC).

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Liverpool

Liverpool is a city in North West England, with an estimated population of 491,500 in 2017.

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Livery

A livery is a uniform, insignia or symbol adorning, in a non-military context, a person, an object or a vehicle that denotes a relationship between the wearer of the livery and an individual or corporate body.

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London Black Revolutionaries

The London Black Revolutionaries (also known as the London Black Revs, the Black Revs for short) is a revolutionary socialist British political organisation centred in London.

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London School of Economics

The London School of Economics (officially The London School of Economics and Political Science, often referred to as LSE) is a public research university located in London, England and a constituent college of the federal University of London.

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Maghull

Maghull is a town and civil parish in Sefton, Merseyside.

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Malorie Blackman

Malorie Blackman, OBE (born 8 February 1962), is a British writer who held the position of Children's Laureate from 2013 to 2015.

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Manchester

Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 530,300.

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Manchester dialect

Mancunian (or Manc) is the dialect spoken in Manchester, North West England, and its environs.

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Manumission

Manumission, or affranchisement, is the act of an owner freeing his or her slaves.

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Marianne Jean-Baptiste

Marianne Ragipcien Jean-Baptiste (born 26 April 1967) is an English actress, singer-songwriter, composer and director, best known for her roles as Hortense Cumberbatch in Secrets & Lies (1996), for which she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress, and as Vivian Johnson on the American television series Without a Trace.

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Marsha Hunt (actress, born 1946)

Marsha Hunt (born April 15, 1946) is an American actress, novelist, singer and former model, who has lived mostly in Britain and Ireland.

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Marsha Thomason

Marsha Lisa Thomason (born 19 January 1976) is an English television and film actress who is best known for playing Nessa Holt in the first two seasons of the NBC series Las Vegas, Naomi Dorrit on the ABC series ''Lost'', and FBI agent Diana Berrigan on the USA Network series White Collar.

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Mary Seacole

Mary Jane Seacole OM (née Grant; 1805 – 14 May 1881) was a British-Jamaican business woman and nurse who set up the "British Hotel" behind the lines during the Crimean War.

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Matter of Britain

The Matter of Britain is the body of Medieval literature and legendary material associated with Great Britain, and sometimes Brittany, and the legendary kings and heroes associated with it, particularly King Arthur.

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Maxine Nightingale

Maxine Nightingale (born 2 November 1952) is a British R&B and soul music singer.

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Medieval literature

Medieval literature is a broad subject, encompassing essentially all written works available in Europe and beyond during the Middle Ages (that is, the one thousand years from the fall of the Western Roman Empire ca. AD 500 to the beginning of the Florentine Renaissance in the late 15th century).

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Metropolitan Police Service

The Metropolitan Police Service (MPS), commonly known as the Metropolitan Police and informally as the Met, is the territorial police force responsible for law enforcement in Greater London, excluding the "square mile" of the City of London, which is the responsibility of the City of London Police.

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Michael Carberry

Michael Alexander Carberry (born 29 September 1980) is an English cricketer.

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Michael Fuller

Michael Fuller, QPM is a former Chief Constable of Kent Police.

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Middle Dutch

Middle Dutch is a collective name for a number of closely related West Germanic dialects (whose ancestor was Old Dutch) spoken and written between 1150 and 1500.

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Mike Phillips (writer)

Michael Angus "Mike" Phillips, OBE (born 8 August 1941), is a British writer and broadcast journalist of Guyanese descent.

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Mile End

Mile End is a district mostly centred around the north-south Mile End Park, it partly includes the locality of Bow Common and is in London, England, east-northeast of Charing Cross.

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Minister (government)

A minister is a politician who heads a government department, making and implementing decisions on policies in conjunction with the other ministers.

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Ministry of Labour (United Kingdom)

The Ministry of Labour was a British government department established by the New Ministries and Secretaries Act 1916.

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Minorities at Risk

Minorities At Risk (MAR) is a university-based research project that monitors and analyzes the status and conflicts of 283 politically-active communal groups in many countries throughout the world from 1945 to 2006.

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Minority group

A minority group refers to a category of people differentiated from the social majority, those who hold on to major positions of social power in a society.

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Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)

Mixed is an ethnicity category that has been used by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics since the 1991 Census.

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MOBO Awards

The MOBO Awards stands for "Music of Black Origin" and was established in 1996 by Kanya King and Andy Ruffell.

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Moira Stuart

Moira Clare Ruby Stuart OBE (born 2 September 1949) is a British presenter, who was the first African-Caribbean female newsreader to appear on British television, having worked on BBC News since 1981.

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Moriaen

Moriaen (also spelled Moriaan, Morien) is a 13th-century Arthurian romance in Middle Dutch.

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Moss Side

Moss Side is an inner-city area and electoral ward of Manchester, England.

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Multicultural London English

Multicultural London English (abbreviated MLE) is a sociolect of English that emerged in the late 20th century.

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Multiracial

Multiracial is defined as made up of or relating to people of many races.

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Murder of Kelso Cochrane

Kelso Cochrane (26 September 1926 – 17 May 1959) was an Antiguan immigrant to Britain whose unsolved murder sparked racial tensions in London.

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Murder of Stephen Lawrence

Stephen Lawrence (13 September 1974 – 22 April 1993) was a black British teenager from Plumstead, south east London, who was murdered in a racially motivated attack while waiting for a bus in Well Hall, Eltham on the evening of 22 April 1993.

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Music of the United Kingdom

Throughout its history, the United Kingdom has been a major producer and source of musical creation, drawing its artistic basis from the history of the United Kingdom, from church music, Western culture and the ancient and traditional folk music and instrumentation of England, Scotland, Ireland and Wales.

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Mustapha Matura

Mustapha Matura (born 17 December 1939) is a Trinidadian playwright living in London.

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Naomie Harris

Naomie Melanie Harris, (born 6 September 1976) is an English actress.

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Nathan Blake

Nathan Blake (born 27 January 1972) is a Welsh former professional footballer, who played in the Premier League for several clubs and also represented his country at international level.

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National Black Police Association (United Kingdom)

The National Black Police Association (NBPA) is an interest group of the Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) staff of the UK police forces, founded in September 1994, which seeks to improve their working environment, to enhance racial harmony and the quality of service to all communities of the United Kingdom.

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National Front (UK)

The National Front (NF) is a racist far-right and fascist political party in the United Kingdom.

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New Cross house fire

The New Cross house fire was a fire that occurred during a party at a house in New Cross, south-east London, in the early hours of Sunday, 18 January 1981.

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New Nation

New Nation was a weekly newspaper published in the UK for the Black British community.

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Newsnight

Newsnight is a weekday BBC Television current affairs programme which specialises in analysis and often robust cross-examination of senior politicians.

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Nigeria

Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.

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Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin

No description.

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Northern Ireland

Northern Ireland (Tuaisceart Éireann; Ulster-Scots: Norlin Airlann) is a part of the United Kingdom in the north-east of the island of Ireland, variously described as a country, province or region.

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Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency

The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA, Gníomhaireacht Thuaisceart Éireann um Staitisticí agus Taighde) is an executive agency within the Department of Finance in Northern Ireland.

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Norwich

Norwich (also) is a city on the River Wensum in East Anglia and lies approximately north-east of London.

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Notting Hill

Notting Hill is a district in West London, located north of Kensington within the Royal Borough of Kensington & Chelsea (with eastern sections of Westbourne Grove merging into the City of Westminster).

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Notting Hill Carnival

The Notting Hill Carnival is an annual event that has taken place in London since 1966, Notting Hill Carnival '13, London Notting Hill Enterprises Trust.

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Nova Scotia

Nova Scotia (Latin for "New Scotland"; Nouvelle-Écosse; Scottish Gaelic: Alba Nuadh) is one of Canada's three maritime provinces, and one of the four provinces that form Atlantic Canada.

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Office for National Statistics

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly to the UK Parliament.

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Olaudah Equiano

Olaudah Equiano (c. 1745 – 31 March 1797), known in his lifetime as Gustavus Vassa, was a writer and abolitionist from the Igbo region of what is today southeastern Nigeria according to his memoir, or from South Carolina according to other sources.

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Onyeka

Onyeka Nubia (whose novels are published under the name Onyeka) is a British writer, law lecturer and historian.

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Oona King

Oona Tamsyn King, Baroness King of Bow (born 22 October 1967) is a Labour politician and former chief diversity officer of Channel 4.

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Operation Trident (Metropolitan Police)

Operation Trident, or simply Trident, is a Metropolitan Police Service unit originally set up in 1998 to tackle gun crime and homicide in London's Afro-Caribbean communities following a series of shootings in the London boroughs of Lambeth and Brent.

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Orator

An orator, or oratist, is a public speaker, especially one who is eloquent or skilled.

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Order of the British Empire

The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the Civil service.

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Ottobah Cugoano

Ottobah Cugoano, also known as John Stuart (c. 1757 – after 1791), was an African abolitionist and natural rights philosopher from Ghana who was active in England in the latter half of the eighteenth century.

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Pablo Fanque

Pablo Fanque (born William Darby 30 March 1810 in Norwich,Gretchen Holrook Gerzina, Editor, "Black Victorians-Black Victoriana" (Rutgers University Press: New Brunswick, NJ, 2003) England; died 4 May 1871 in Stockport, England) was an English equestrian performer and circus proprietor, the first recorded non-white British circus owner in Britain.

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Paddington

Paddington is an area within the City of Westminster, in central London.

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Palace of Westminster

The Palace of Westminster is the meeting place of the House of Commons and the House of Lords, the two houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.

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Pantomime

Pantomime (informally panto) is a type of musical comedy stage production designed for family entertainment.

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Paris Peace Conference, 1919

The Paris Peace Conference, also known as Versailles Peace Conference, was the meeting of the victorious Allied Powers following the end of World War I to set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.

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Parliament of the United Kingdom

The Parliament of the United Kingdom, commonly known as the UK Parliament or British Parliament, is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, the Crown dependencies and overseas territories.

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Patience Agbabi

Patience Agbabi FRSL (born 1965) is a British poet and performer who gives particular emphasis to the spoken word.

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Patricia Cumper

Patricia Cumper, MBE, FRSA (born 1954), also known as Pat Cumper, is a British playwright, producer, director, theatre administrator, critic and commentator.

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Paul Boateng

Paul Yaw Boateng, Baron Boateng (born 14 June 1951) is a British Labour Party politician, who was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Brent South from 1987 to 2005, becoming the UK's first mixed-race Cabinet Minister in May 2002, when he was appointed as Chief Secretary to the Treasury.

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Paul Condon, Baron Condon

Paul Leslie Condon, Baron Condon, (born 10 March 1947) is a retired British police officer.

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Paul Dash

Paul Dash (born 1946) is a Barbados-born artist, educator and writer who in 1957 migrated to Britain,Paul O'Kane,, in Alison Donnell, Companion to Contemporary Black British Culture, Routledge, 2002, p. 93.

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Paul Ince

Paul Emerson Carlyle Ince (born 21 October 1967) is an English football manager and a former professional footballer who played as a midfielder from 1982 to 2007.

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Pay Off Your Mortgage in Two Years

Pay Off Your Mortgage in Two Years is a television programme first aired on BBC2 in Early 2006.

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Permira

Permira is a European private equity firm.

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Peter Rachman

Perec "Peter" Rachman (1919 – 29 November 1962) was a Polish-born landlord who operated in Notting Hill, London, England in the 1950s and early 1960s.

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Phillip DeFreitas

Phillip Anthony Jason "Daffy" DeFreitas (born 18 February 1966) is a former English cricketer.

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Plantocracy

A plantocracy, also known as a slavocracy, is a ruling class, political order or government composed of (or dominated by) plantation owners.

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Pop music

Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid-1950s.

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Pride Magazine

Pride Magazine is the largest and most successful magazine targeting black British, mixed race, African and African-Caribbean women in the United Kingdom.

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Private equity

Private equity typically refers to investment funds organized as limited partnerships that are not publicly traded and whose investors are typically large institutional investors, university endowments, or wealthy individuals.

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Public housing in the United Kingdom

Public housing in the United Kingdom provided the majority of rented accommodation in the country until 2011.

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Punk rock

Punk rock (or "punk") is a rock music genre that developed in the mid-1970s in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia.

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Racial Equality Proposal

The Racial Equality Proposal was an amendment to the treaty under consideration at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference offered by Japan.

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Racial integration

Racial integration, or simply integration, includes desegregation (the process of ending systematic racial segregation).

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Racism

Racism is the belief in the superiority of one race over another, which often results in discrimination and prejudice towards people based on their race or ethnicity.

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Raheem Sterling

Raheem Shaquille Sterling (born 8 December 1994) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League club Manchester City and the English national team.

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Rapping

Rapping (or rhyming, spitting, emceeing, MCing) is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates "rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular", which is performed or chanted in a variety of ways, usually over a backbeat or musical accompaniment.

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Refugee

A refugee, generally speaking, is a displaced person who has been forced to cross national boundaries and who cannot return home safely (for more detail see legal definition).

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René Carayol

René Carayol MBE (born 10 September 1958) is a business and leadership speaker, broadcaster, broadsheet columnist and author.

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Richard Hakluyt

Richard Hakluyt (1553 – 23 November 1616) was an English writer.

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Rio Ferdinand

Rio Gavin Ferdinand (born 7 November 1978) is an English former professional footballer who played as a centre back, and current television pundit for BT Sport.

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Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury

Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, (3 February 183022 August 1903), styled Lord Robert Cecil before 1865 and Viscount Cranborne from June 1865 until April 1868, was a British statesman of the Conservative Party, serving as Prime Minister three times for a total of over thirteen years.

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Roman Britain

Roman Britain (Britannia or, later, Britanniae, "the Britains") was the area of the island of Great Britain that was governed by the Roman Empire, from 43 to 410 AD.

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Ronald Moody

Ronald Moody (12 August 1900 – 6 February 1984) was a Jamaican-born sculptor, specialising in wood carvings.

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Roy Williams (playwright)

Roy Samuel Williams, (born 5 January 1968), is an English playwright.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Rutgers University Press

Rutgers University Press is a nonprofit academic publishing house, operating in New Brunswick, New Jersey under the auspices of Rutgers University.

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Sade (singer)

Helen Folasade Adu CBE (Fọláṣadé Adú; born 16 January 1959), known professionally as Sade Adu or simply Sade, is a British Nigerian singer and songwriter.

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Salena Godden

Salena Godden is a British poet, performer and author living in London.

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Sambo's Grave

Sambo's Grave is the burial site of a dark-skinned cabin boy or slave, on unconsecrated ground in a field near the small village of Sunderland Point, near Heysham and Overton, Lancashire, North West England.

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Samuel Coleridge-Taylor

Samuel Coleridge-Taylor (15 August 18751 September 1912) was an English composer and conductor who was mixed-race; his father was a Sierra Leone Creole physician.

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Sarcophagus

A sarcophagus (plural, sarcophagi) is a box-like funeral receptacle for a corpse, most commonly carved in stone, and usually displayed above ground, though it may also be buried.

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Scarman Report

The Scarman report was commissioned by the UK Government following the 1981 Brixton riots.

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Scientific racism

Scientific racism (sometimes referred to as race biology, racial biology, or race realism) is the pseudoscientific belief that empirical evidence exists to support or justify racism (racial discrimination), racial inferiority, or racial superiority.

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Scotland

Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.

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Scotland national football team

The Scotland national football team represents Scotland in international football and is controlled by the Scottish Football Association.

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Scouse

Scouse (also, in academic sources, called Liverpool English or Merseyside English) is an accent and dialect of English found primarily in the Metropolitan county of Merseyside, and closely associated with the city of Liverpool.

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Seal (musician)

Henry Olusegun Adeola Samuel (born 19 February 1963), known professionally as Seal, is an English singer and songwriter.

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Sheffield

Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough in South Yorkshire, England.

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Shirley Bassey

Dame Shirley Veronica Bassey, (born 8 January 1937) is a Welsh singer whose career began in the mid-1950s, best known both for her powerful voice and for recording the theme songs to the James Bond films Goldfinger (1964), Diamonds Are Forever (1971), and Moonraker (1979).

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Sierra Leone

Sierra Leone, officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country in West Africa.

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Sierra Leone Creole people

The Sierra Leone Creole people (or Krio people) is an ethnic group in Sierra Leone.

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Simon Webbe

Simon Solomon Webbe (born 30 March 1978) is an English singer-songwriter, actor, rapper and music manager.

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Ska

Ska is a music genre that originated in Jamaica in the late 1950s and was the precursor to rocksteady and reggae.

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Sky News

Sky News is a 24-hour international multimedia news organisation based in the UK that started as a 24-hour television news channel.

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Slave narrative

The slave narrative is a type of literary work that is made up of the written accounts of enslaved Africans in Great Britain and its colonies, including the later United States, Canada, and Caribbean nations.

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Slavery at common law

Slavery at common law in former colonies of the British Empire developed slowly over centuries, and was characterised by inconsistent decisions and varying rationales for the treatment of slavery, the slave trade, and the rights of slaves and slave owners.

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Slum

A slum is a highly populated urban residential area consisting mostly of closely packed, decrepit housing units in a situation of deteriorated or incomplete infrastructure, inhabited primarily by impoverished persons.

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Small Island (novel)

Small Island is a 2004 prize-winning novel by British author Andrea Levy.

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Social distance

Social distance describes the distance between different groups in society and is opposed to ''locational distance''.

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Social inequality

Social inequality occurs when resources in a given society are distributed unevenly, typically through norms of allocation, that engender specific patterns along lines of socially defined categories of persons.

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Social psychology

Social psychology is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by the actual, imagined, or implied presence of others.

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Soham

Soham is a small town and civil parish in east Cambridgeshire, England, just off the A142 between Ely and Newmarket.

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Sokari Douglas Camp

Sokari Douglas Camp CBE (born 1958 in Nigeria) is a London-based artist who has had exhibitions all over the world and was the recipient of a bursary from the Henry Moore Foundation.

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Sol Campbell

Sulzeer Jeremiah "Sol" Campbell (born 18 September 1974) is a former England international footballer.

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Somerset v Stewart

Somerset v Stewart (1772) (also known as Somersett's case, and in State Trials as v.XX Sommersett v Steuart) is a famous judgment of the Court of King's Bench in 1772, which held that chattel slavery was unsupported by the common law in England and Wales, although the position elsewhere in the British Empire was left ambiguous.

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Sonia Boyce

Sonia Dawn Boyce, (born 1962), is a British Afro-Caribbean artist, living and working in London.

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Sophie Okonedo

Sophie Okonedo, OBE (born 11 August 1968) is a British actress.

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Soul Train Music Awards

The Soul Train Music Awards is an annual award show which previously aired in national television syndication, and honors the best in Black music and entertainment.

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South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.

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South Asia

South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east.

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South Shields

South Shields is a coastal town at the mouth of the River Tyne, England, about downstream from Newcastle upon Tyne.

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Southall Black Sisters

Southall Black Sisters (SBS) is a non-profit all-Asian organisation based in Southall, West London, England.

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St Giles, London

St Giles is a district of London, at the southern tip of the London Borough of Camden.

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St Thomas' Hospital

St Thomas' Hospital is a large NHS teaching hospital in Central London, England.

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Stepney

Stepney is a district in London, in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets that grew out of a medieval village around St Dunstan's church and the 15th century ribbon development of Mile End Road called Stepney Green.

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Steve McQueen (director)

Steven Rodney McQueen (born 9 October 1969) is a British film director, producer, screenwriter, and video artist.

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Stevenage

Stevenage is a town and borough in Hertfordshire, England.

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Street performance

Street performance or busking is the act of performing in public places for gratuities.

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Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.

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Sus law

In England and Wales, the sus law (from "suspected person", see below) was the informal name for a stop and search law that permitted a police officer to stop, search and potentially arrest people on suspicion of them being in breach of section 4 of the Vagrancy Act 1824.

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Sussex

Sussex, from the Old English Sūþsēaxe (South Saxons), is a historic county in South East England corresponding roughly in area to the ancient Kingdom of Sussex.

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T2 (producer)

T2 (born Tafadzwa Tawonezvi) is an English record producer.

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Thandie Newton

Melanie Thandiwe "Thandie" Newton (born 6 November 1972) is an English actress,Graydon, Nicola; The Times (London), 7 September 2008Carty, Ciaran; Tribune.ie, 21 September 2008 who has appeared in several British and American films.

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The Beat (British band)

The Beat (known in the United States and Canada as The English Beat and in Australia as The British Beat) is a band founded in Birmingham, England, in 1978.

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The Beatles

The Beatles were an English rock band formed in Liverpool in 1960.

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The Bodysnatchers (band)

The Bodysnatchers were a seven-piece all-female band involved in the British 2 Tone ska revival of the late 1970s and early 1980s.

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The Crown

The Crown is the state in all its aspects within the jurisprudence of the Commonwealth realms and their sub-divisions (such as Crown dependencies, provinces, or states).

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The Daily Telegraph

The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.

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The Economist

The Economist is an English-language weekly magazine-format newspaper owned by the Economist Group and edited at offices in London.

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The Gentleman's Magazine

The Gentleman's Magazine was founded in London, England, by Edward Cave in January 1731.

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The Guardian

The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.

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The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano

The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, Or Gustavus Vassa, The African, first published in 1789 in London, at project Gutenberg.

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The Selecter

The Selecter are a 2 Tone ska revival band from Coventry, England, formed in mid-1979.

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The Specials

The Specials, also known as The Special AKA, are an English 2 Tone and ska revival band formed in 1977 in Coventry.

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The Voice (newspaper)

The Voice, founded in 1982, is the only British national Afro-Caribbean weekly newspaper operating in the United Kingdom.

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Thomas Clarkson

Thomas Clarkson (28 March 1760 – 26 September 1846) was an English abolitionist, and a leading campaigner against the slave trade in the British Empire.

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Tiger Bay

Cardiff Docks --> Tiger Bay (Bae Teigr) was the local name for an area of Cardiff which covered Butetown and Cardiff Docks.

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Tinchy Stryder

Kwasi Danquah, better known by his stage name Tinchy Stryder (born 14 September 1987) and also as The Star in the Hood, is a Ghanaian-British rapper, singer, entrepreneur and investor.

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Tinie Tempah

Patrick Chukwuemeka Okogwu (born 7 November 1988), better known by his stage name Tinie Tempah, is an English rapper, singer and songwriter.

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Tottenham

Tottenham is a district of north London, England, within the London Borough of Haringey.

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Trade union

A trade union or trades union, also called a labour union (Canada) or labor union (US), is an organization of workers who have come together to achieve many common goals; such as protecting the integrity of its trade, improving safety standards, and attaining better wages, benefits (such as vacation, health care, and retirement), and working conditions through the increased bargaining power wielded by the creation of a monopoly of the workers.

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Traditional African religions

The traditional African religions (or traditional beliefs and practices of African people) are a set of highly diverse beliefs that include various ethnic religions.

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Transport and General Workers' Union

The Transport and General Workers' Union (TGWU or T&G) was one of the largest general trade unions in the United Kingdom and Ireland - where it was known as the Amalgamated Transport and General Workers' Union (ATGWU) to differentiate itself from the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union - with 900,000 members (and was once the largest trade union in the world).

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Trevor McDonald

Sir Trevor McDonald, (born George McDonald; 16 August 1939) is a Trinidadian-British newsreader and journalist, best known for his career as a news presenter with ITN.

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Trinidad

Trinidad is the larger and more populous of the two major islands of Trinidad and Tobago.

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Turner Prize

The Turner Prize, named after the English painter J. M. W. Turner, is an annual prize presented to a British visual artist.

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Two-tone (music genre)

Two-tone (or 2 tone) is a genre of British music that fuses traditional ska with musical elements of punk rock.

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Tyne and Wear

Tyne and Wear is a metropolitan county in the North East region of England around the mouths of the rivers Tyne and Wear.

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Uganda

Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda (Jamhuri ya Uganda), is a landlocked country in East Africa.

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UK garage

UK garage (also known as UKG) is a genre of electronic music originating from England in the early 1990s.

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Ukawsaw Gronniosaw

Ukawsaw Gronniosaw (1705 – September 1775), also known as James Albert, was a freed slave and autobiographer.

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United Kingdom census, 1991

A nationwide census, commonly known as Census 1991, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday 21 April 1991.

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United Kingdom census, 2001

A nationwide census, known as Census 2001, was conducted in the United Kingdom on Sunday, 29 April 2001.

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United Kingdom census, 2011

A census of the population of the United Kingdom is taken every ten years.

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United Kingdom general election, 1987

The 1987 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 11 June 1987, to elect 650 members to the House of Commons of the United Kingdom.

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United Kingdom general election, 2010

The 2010 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday, 6 May 2010, with 45,597,461 registered voters entitled to vote to elect members to the House of Commons.

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University of Maryland, College Park

The University of Maryland, College Park (commonly referred to as the University of Maryland, UMD, or simply Maryland) is a public research university located in the city of College Park in Prince George's County, Maryland, approximately from the northeast border of Washington, D.C. Founded in 1856, the university is the flagship institution of the University System of Maryland.

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University of Missouri Press

The University of Missouri Press is a university press operated by the University of Missouri in Columbia, Missouri and London, England; it was founded in 1958 primarily through the efforts of English professor William Peden.

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Val McCalla

Val Irvine McCalla (3 October 1943 – 22 August 2002) was a Jamaican accountant and media entrepreneur who settled in Britain in 1959.

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Valerie Amos, Baroness Amos

Valerie Ann Amos, Baroness Amos (born 13 March 1954) is a British politician and diplomat who served as the eighth UN Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator.

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Victoria Cross

The Victoria Cross (VC) is the highest award of the British honours system.

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Virginia

Virginia (officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

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Viv Anderson

Vivian Alexander Anderson (born 29 July 1956) is an English football coach and former player.

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Wales national football team

The Wales national football team (Tîm pêl-droed cenedlaethol Cymru) represents Wales in international football.

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Walter Tull

Walter Daniel John Tull (28 April 1888 – 25 March 1918) was an English professional footballer and British Army officer of Afro-Caribbean descent.

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West Africa

West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.

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West Indian

A West Indian is a native or inhabitant of the West Indies (the Antilles and the Lucayan Archipelago).

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West Midlands conurbation

The West Midlands conurbation is the large conurbation that includes the cities of Birmingham and Wolverhampton and the large towns of Sutton Coldfield, Dudley, Walsall, West Bromwich, Solihull, Stourbridge and Halesowen in the English West Midlands.

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Westminster

Westminster is an area of central London within the City of Westminster, part of the West End, on the north bank of the River Thames.

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White British

White British is an ethnicity classification used in the 2011 United Kingdom Census.

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Wiley (musician)

Richard Kylea Cowie Jr, (born 19 January 1979), better known by his stage name Wiley and in his early career Wiley Kat, is an English rapper, recording artist, record producer from Bow, East London.

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Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones

Wilfred Emmanuel-Jones (born 7 November 1957) is a British businessman, farmer, and founder of "The Black Farmer" range of food products.

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William Cuffay

William Cuffay (1788 – July 1870) was a Chartist leader in early Victorian London.

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William Davidson (conspirator)

William Davidson (1781–1820) was a British African-Caribbean radical executed for his role in the Cato Street Conspiracy against Lord Liverpool's government in 1820.

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William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield

William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, PC, SL (2 March 1705 – 20 March 1793) was a British barrister, politician and judge noted for his reform of English law.

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Windsor (UK Parliament constituency)

Windsor /ˈwɪnzə/ is a constituency represented in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament since 2005 by Adam Afriyie of the Conservative Party.

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Winsome Pinnock

Winsome Pinnock (born 1961) is an award-winning British playwright of Jamaican heritage, who is "probably Britain's most well known black female playwright".

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Winston Branch

Winston Branch (born in 1947) is a British artist originally from Saint Lucia, the sovereign island in the Caribbean Sea.

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Women's Prize for Fiction

The Women's Prize for Fiction (previously with sponsor names Orange Prize for Fiction (1996–2006 and 2009–12), Orange Broadband Prize for Fiction (2007–08) and Baileys Women's Prize for Fiction (2014-2017)) is one of the United Kingdom's most prestigious literary prizes.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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Yinka Shonibare

Yinka Shonibare (born 1962) is a British-Nigerian artist living in the United Kingdom.

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Yorkshire

Yorkshire (abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county of Northern England and the largest in the United Kingdom.

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Youth culture

Youth culture is the way adolescents live, and the norms, values, and practices they share.

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Zadie Smith

Zadie Smith FRSL (born 25 October 1975) is a contemporary British novelist, essayist, and short-story writer.

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Zak Jules

Zak Kennedy Jules (born 2 July 1997) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a defender for League One club Shrewsbury Town.

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Zak Ové

Zak Ové (born 1966) is a British visual artist who works between sculpture, film and photography, living in London, UK, and Trinidad.

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Zimbabwe

Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used. Since the 11th century, present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade. The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923. In 1965, the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia. The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980. Zimbabwe then joined the Commonwealth of Nations, from which it was suspended in 2002 for breaches of international law by its then government and from which it withdrew from in December 2003. It is a member of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It was once known as the "Jewel of Africa" for its prosperity. Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule; he was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe's authoritarian regime, the state security apparatus dominated the country and was responsible for widespread human rights violations. Mugabe maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric of the Cold War era, blaming Zimbabwe's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries. Contemporary African political leaders were reluctant to criticise Mugabe, who was burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials, though Archbishop Desmond Tutu called him "a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator". The country has been in economic decline since the 1990s, experiencing several crashes and hyperinflation along the way. On 15 November 2017, in the wake of over a year of protests against his government as well as Zimbabwe's rapidly declining economy, Mugabe was placed under house arrest by the country's national army in a coup d'état. On 19 November 2017, ZANU-PF sacked Robert Mugabe as party leader and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place. On 21 November 2017, Mugabe tendered his resignation prior to impeachment proceedings being completed.

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12 Years a Slave (film)

12 Years a Slave is a 2013 period drama film and an adaptation of the 1853 slave narrative memoir Twelve Years a Slave by Solomon Northup, a New York State-born free African-American man who was kidnapped in Washington, D.C. by two conmen in 1841 and sold into slavery.

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1958 Notting Hill race riots

The Notting Hill race riots were a series of racially motivated riots that took place in Notting Hill, England, between 30 August–5 September 1958.

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1980 St. Pauls riot

The St Pauls riot occurred in St Pauls, Bristol, England on 2 April 1980 when police raided the Black and White Café on Grosvenor Road in the heart of the area.

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1981 Brixton riot

The 1981 Brixton riot, or Brixton uprising, was a confrontation between the Metropolitan Police and protesters in Lambeth, South London, England, between 10 and 12 April 1981.

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1981 Toxteth riots

The Toxteth riots of July 1981 were a civil disturbance in Toxteth, inner-city Liverpool, which arose in part from long-standing tensions between the local police and the black community.

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1985 Brixton riot

The Brixton riot of 1985 started on 28 September in Lambeth in South London.

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1985 Handsworth riots

The second Handsworth riots took place in the Handsworth district of Birmingham, West Midlands, from 9 to 11 September 1985.

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2001 Harehills riot

The Harehills riot took place in the multi-ethnic Leeds district of Harehills (West Yorkshire, England) in 2001.

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2005 Birmingham riots

The Birmingham riots of 2005 occurred on two consecutive nights on Saturday 22 October and Sunday 23 October 2005 in the Lozells and Handsworth area of Birmingham, England.

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2008 Cannes Film Festival

The 61st Annual Cannes Film Festival was held from 14 to 25 May 2008.

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2011 England riots

The 2011 England riots occurred between 6 and 11 August 2011, when thousands of people rioted in several London boroughs and in cities and towns across England.

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Redirects here:

African British, African Briton, African-British, Africans in the United Kingdom, Afro British, Afro-British, Afro-Briton, Bantu British, Black British community, Black British history, Black British population, Black Briton, Black Britons, Black british population, Black people in England, Blacks in the UK, British blacks, List of Black Britons, List of black Britons, List of notable black Britons.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_British

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