OutgoingIncoming

🌟We've simplified our design for better navigation!

Table of Contents

1. 413 relations: Abbas al-Musawi, Abu Nidal Organization, Ahron Bregman, Akkar District, Al Jazeera Arabic, Al-Mourabitoun, Al-Tanzim, Alawites, Aley, Alfred M. Gray Jr., Algeria, Ali Eid, Amal Movement, Amal Saad-Ghorayeb, Amine Gemayel, Amnesty, Amnesty law, Antoine Lahad, Arab Cold War, Arab Democratic Party (Lebanon), Arab Deterrent Force, Arab identity, Arab League, Arab Liberation Front, Arab nationalism, Arab Nationalist Movement, Arab Socialist Action Party – Lebanon, Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region, Arab world, Arab–Israeli conflict, Aref Rayess, Argentina, Ariel Sharon, Armenian Revolutionary Federation, Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Lebanon, Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia, Armenians in Lebanon, Army of Free Lebanon, As-Sa'iqa, Assem Qanso, Associated Press, At Tiri incident, August 1982 Lebanese presidential election, Avigdor Ben-Gal, Élias Sarkis, Émile Lahoud, Ba'athism, Baabda, Baalbek, Bachir Gemayel, ... Expand index (363 more) » « Shrink index

2. 1970s conflicts
3. 1970s in Lebanon
4. 1980s in Lebanon
5. 1990s in Lebanon
6. Amal Movement
7. Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
8. History of the Palestine Liberation Organization
9. Lebanese Front
10. Lebanese National Movement
11. Lebanese National Resistance Front
12. Syrian Social Nationalist Party
13. Wars involving Hezbollah
14. Wars involving Iran
15. Wars involving Israel
16. Wars involving Lebanon
17. Wars involving Syria

Abbas al-Musawi

Abbas al-Musawi (عباس الموسوي; 26 October 1952 – 16 February 1992) was an influential Lebanese Shia cleric, a co-founder and secretary-general of Hezbollah.

See Lebanese Civil War and Abbas al-Musawi

Abu Nidal Organization

The Abu Nidal Organization (ANO), officially Fatah – Revolutionary Council, was a Palestinian militant group founded by Abu Nidal in 1974.

See Lebanese Civil War and Abu Nidal Organization

Ahron Bregman

Ahron "Ronnie" Bregman (אהרון ברגמן, born 1958) is a UK-based political scientist of Israeli origin, as well as a writer and journalist, specialising on the Arab–Israeli conflict.

See Lebanese Civil War and Ahron Bregman

Akkar District

Akkar District (قضاء عكار) is the only district in Akkar Governorate, Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Akkar District

Al Jazeera Arabic

Al Jazeera Arabic (الجزيرة) is a Qatari state-owned Arabic-language news television network.

See Lebanese Civil War and Al Jazeera Arabic

Al-Mourabitoun

The Independent Nasserite Movement – INM (translit) or simply Al-Murabitoun (المرابطون lit. The Steadfast), also termed variously Independent Nasserite Organization (INO) or Movement of Independent Nasserists (MIN), is a Nasserist political party in Lebanon. Lebanese Civil War and al-Mourabitoun are Lebanese National Movement.

See Lebanese Civil War and Al-Mourabitoun

Al-Tanzim

Al-Tanzim, Al-Tanzym or At-Tanzim (lit) was the name of an ultranationalist secret military society and militia set up by right-wing Christian activists in Lebanon at the early 1970s, and which came to play an important role in the Lebanese Civil War. Lebanese Civil War and al-Tanzim are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Al-Tanzim

Alawites

The Alawites, also known as Nusayrites, are an Arab ethnoreligious group that live primarily in the Levant and follow Alawism, a religious sect that splintered from early Shi'ism as a ghulat branch during the ninth century.

See Lebanese Civil War and Alawites

Aley

Aley (عاليه) is a major city in Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Aley

Alfred M. Gray Jr.

Alfred Mason Gray Jr. (June 22, 1928 – March 20, 2024) was a United States Marine Corps four-star general who served as the 29th Commandant of the Marine Corps from July 1, 1987, until his retirement on June 30, 1991, after 41 years of service.

See Lebanese Civil War and Alfred M. Gray Jr.

Algeria

Algeria, officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is bordered to the northeast by Tunisia; to the east by Libya; to the southeast by Niger; to the southwest by Mali, Mauritania, and Western Sahara; to the west by Morocco; and to the north by the Mediterranean Sea.

See Lebanese Civil War and Algeria

Ali Eid

Ali Eid (14 July 1940 – 25 December 2015) was a Lebanese politician.

See Lebanese Civil War and Ali Eid

Amal Movement

The Amal Movement (translit) is a Lebanese political party and former militia affiliated mainly with the Shia community of Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Amal Movement

Amal Saad-Ghorayeb

Amal Abdo Saad-Ghorayeb (أمل سعد غريب) is a Lebanese writer and political analyst known for her writings on the Israeli–Lebanese conflict and Hezbollah.

See Lebanese Civil War and Amal Saad-Ghorayeb

Amine Gemayel

Amine Pierre Gemayel (أمين بيار الجميٌل,; born 22 January 1942) is a Lebanese politician who served as President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988.

See Lebanese Civil War and Amine Gemayel

Amnesty

Amnesty is defined as "A pardon extended by the government to a group or class of people, usually for a political offense; the act of a sovereign power officially forgiving certain classes of people who are subject to trial but have not yet been convicted." Though the term general pardon has a similar definition, an amnesty constitutes more than a pardon, in so much as it obliterates all legal remembrance of the offense.

See Lebanese Civil War and Amnesty

Amnesty law

An amnesty law is any legislative, constitutional or executive arrangement that retroactively exempts a select group of people, usually military leaders and government leaders, from criminal liability for the crimes that they committed.

See Lebanese Civil War and Amnesty law

Antoine Lahad

Antoine Lahad (1927 – 10 September 2015) was the leader of the South Lebanon Army (SLA) from 1984 until 2000, when the army withdrew from Southern Lebanon and was dissolved.

See Lebanese Civil War and Antoine Lahad

Arab Cold War

The Arab Cold War (الحرب العربية الباردة al-ḥarb al-`arabiyyah al-bāridah) was a political rivalry in the Arab world from the early 1950s to the late 1970s and a part of the wider Cold War. Lebanese Civil War and Arab Cold War are 1970s conflicts.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab Cold War

Arab Democratic Party (Lebanon)

The Arab Democratic Party (ADP) (translit) is a Lebanese political party, based in Tripoli, in the North Lebanon Governorate. Lebanese Civil War and Arab Democratic Party (Lebanon) are Lebanese National Resistance Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab Democratic Party (Lebanon)

Arab Deterrent Force

The Arab Deterrent Force (ADF; قوات الردع العربية) was an international peacekeeping force created by the Arab League in the extraordinary Riyadh Summit on 17–18 October 1976, attended only by heads of state from Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab Deterrent Force

Arab identity

Arab identity (الهوية العربية) is the objective or subjective state of perceiving oneself as an Arab and as relating to being Arab.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab identity

Arab League

The Arab League (الجامعة العربية), formally the League of Arab States (جامعة الدول العربية), is a regional organization in the Arab world.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab League

Arab Liberation Front

Arab Liberation Front (ALF; جبهة التحرير العربية Jabhet Al-Tahrir Al-'Arabiyah) is a minor Palestinian political party, previously controlled by the Iraqi-led Ba'ath Party, formed in 1969 by Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr and then headed by Saddam Hussein.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab Liberation Front

Arab nationalism

Arab nationalism (al-qawmīya al-ʿarabīya) is a political ideology asserting that Arabs constitute a single nation.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab nationalism

Arab Nationalist Movement

The Arab Nationalist Movement (حركة القوميين العرب, Harakat al-Qawmiyyin al-Arab), also known as the Movement of Arab Nationalists and the Harakiyyin, was a pan-Arab nationalist organization influential in much of the Arab world, particularly within the Palestinian movement.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab Nationalist Movement

Arab Socialist Action Party – Lebanon

The Arab Socialist Action Party – Lebanon or ASAP–L (حزب العمل الاشتراكي العربي - لبنان | Hizb al-'Amal al-Ishtiraki al-'Arabi - Lubnan), is the Lebanese branch of the Arab Socialist Action Party. Lebanese Civil War and Arab Socialist Action Party – Lebanon are Lebanese National Resistance Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab Socialist Action Party – Lebanon

Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region

The Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region, commonly known as the Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party in Lebanon (حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي في لبنان Ḥizb al-Ba‘th al-‘Arabī al-Ishtirākī fī Lubnān) and officially the Lebanon Regional Branch, is a political party in Lebanon. Lebanese Civil War and Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region are Lebanese National Movement and Lebanese National Resistance Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region

Arab world

The Arab world (اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), formally the Arab homeland (اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), also known as the Arab nation (اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab world

Arab–Israeli conflict

The Arab–Israeli conflict is the phenomenon involving political tension, military conflicts, and other disputes between various Arab countries and Israel, which escalated during the 20th century.

See Lebanese Civil War and Arab–Israeli conflict

Aref Rayess

Aref El Rayess (or Aref Rayess) (25 October 1928 – 27 January 2005) was a Lebanese painter and sculptor.

See Lebanese Civil War and Aref Rayess

Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern half of South America.

See Lebanese Civil War and Argentina

Ariel Sharon

Ariel Sharon (אֲרִיאֵל שָׁרוֹן; also known by his diminutive Arik, אָרִיק; 26 February 192811 January 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th prime minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006.

See Lebanese Civil War and Ariel Sharon

Armenian Revolutionary Federation

The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (translit, abbr. ARF (ՀՅԴ) or ARF-D), also known as Dashnaktsutyun (Armenian: Դաշնակցություն, lit. "Federation"), is an Armenian nationalist and socialist political party founded in 1890 in Tiflis, Russian Empire by Christapor Mikaelian, Stepan Zorian, and Simon Zavarian.

See Lebanese Civil War and Armenian Revolutionary Federation

Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Lebanon

The Armenian Revolutionary Federation (ARF or ՀՅԴ) (translit; translit), also known simply as Tashnag, is an Armenian political party active in Lebanon since the 1920s as an official political party in the country after having started with small student cells in the late 1890s and early 20th century.

See Lebanese Civil War and Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Lebanon

Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia

Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia (ASALA) was a militant organization active between 1975 and the 1990s whose stated goal was "to compel the Turkish Government to acknowledge publicly its responsibility for the Armenian genocide in 1915, pay reparations, and cede territory for an Armenian homeland." ASALA itself and other sources described it as a guerilla and armed organization.

See Lebanese Civil War and Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia

Armenians in Lebanon

Armenians have lived in Lebanon for centuries.

See Lebanese Civil War and Armenians in Lebanon

Army of Free Lebanon

The Army of Free Lebanon – AFL (Jayish Lubnan al-Horr), also known variously as the Colonel Barakat's Army (Jayish Barakat) or Armée du Liban Libre (ALL) and Armée du Colonel Barakat in French, was a predominantly Christian splinter faction of the Lebanese Army that came to play a major role in the 1975–77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Army of Free Lebanon

As-Sa'iqa

As-Sa'iqa (translit) officially known as Vanguard for the Popular Liberation War - Lightning Forces, (translit) is a Palestinian Ba'athist political and military faction created and controlled by Syria.

See Lebanese Civil War and As-Sa'iqa

Assem Qanso

Muhammad Assem Qanso (عاصمقانصوه, born 1937 in Baalbek) is a Lebanese politician.

See Lebanese Civil War and Assem Qanso

Associated Press

The Associated Press (AP) is an American not-for-profit news agency headquartered in New York City.

See Lebanese Civil War and Associated Press

At Tiri incident

In April 1980, three Irish Army peacekeeping soldiers serving with the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) were shot by the South Lebanon Army also known as the DFF, near At Tiri, in the South Lebanon security belt, two of whom died and one was seriously injured.

See Lebanese Civil War and At Tiri incident

August 1982 Lebanese presidential election

An indirect presidential election was held in the Parliament of Lebanon on 23 August 1982, resulting in Lebanese Forces leader Bachir Gemayel being elected President of the Lebanese Republic.

See Lebanese Civil War and August 1982 Lebanese presidential election

Avigdor Ben-Gal

Avigdor "Yanush" Ben-Gal (אביגדור בן-גל; 1936 – February 13, 2016; born Janusz Goldlust) was an Israeli general.

See Lebanese Civil War and Avigdor Ben-Gal

Élias Sarkis

Élias Sarkis (إلياس سركيس; 20 July 1924 – 27 June 1985) was a Lebanese lawyer and President of Lebanon who served from 1976 to 1982.

See Lebanese Civil War and Élias Sarkis

Émile Lahoud

Émile Jamil Lahoud (born 12 January 1936) is a Lebanese politician who served as the 16th president of Lebanon from 1998 to 2007.

See Lebanese Civil War and Émile Lahoud

Ba'athism

Ba'athism, also spelled Baathism, is an Arab nationalist ideology which promotes the creation and development of a unified Arab state through the leadership of a vanguard party over a socialist revolutionary government.

See Lebanese Civil War and Ba'athism

Baabda

Baabda (بعبدا) is the capital city of Baabda District and Mount Lebanon Governorate, in western Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Baabda

Baalbek

Baalbek (Baʿlabakk; Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut.

See Lebanese Civil War and Baalbek

Bachir Gemayel

Bachir Pierre Gemayel (10 November 1947 – 14 September 1982) was a Lebanese militia commander who led the Lebanese Forces, the military wing of the Kataeb Party in the Lebanese Civil War and was elected President of Lebanon in 1982.

See Lebanese Civil War and Bachir Gemayel

Battle of Sidon (1991)

The Battle of Sidon was fought between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and the Lebanese Government from 2 to 6 July 1991, and was the final battle of the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Battle of Sidon (1991)

Battle of the Hotels

The Battle of the Hotels (معركة الفنادق., Maʿrakah al-Fanādiq) was a subconflict within the 1975–77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War that occurred in the Minet-el-Hosn hotel district of downtown Beirut.

See Lebanese Civil War and Battle of the Hotels

Beaufort Castle, Lebanon

Beaufort or Belfort Castle, known locally as Qal'at al-Shaqif (Qalʾāt al-Shaqīf) or Shaqif Arnun, is a Crusader fortress in Nabatieh Governorate, Southern Lebanon, about to the south-south-east of the village of Arnoun.

See Lebanese Civil War and Beaufort Castle, Lebanon

Beirut

Beirut (help) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Beirut

Beirut (film)

Beirut, also known as The Negotiator in the United Kingdom, is a 2018 American political thriller film directed by Brad Anderson and written by Tony Gilroy.

See Lebanese Civil War and Beirut (film)

Beirut Art Center

Beirut Art Center is a space for exhibiting contemporary art in Beirut, Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Beirut Art Center

Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport

Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport (Arabic: مطار رفيق الحريري الدولي بيروت, (previously known as Beirut International Airport) is the only operational commercial airport in Lebanon. It is located in the Southern Suburbs of Beirut, Lebanon, from the city center. The airport is the hub for Lebanon's national carrier, Middle East Airlines (MEA) and was the hub for the Lebanese cargo carrier TMA cargo and Wings of Lebanon before their respective collapses.

See Lebanese Civil War and Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport

Beqaa Valley

The Beqaa Valley (وادي البقاع,, Lebanese; also transliterated as Bekaa, Biqâ, and Becaa) is a fertile valley in eastern Lebanon and its most important farming region.

See Lebanese Civil War and Beqaa Valley

Black Saturday (Lebanon)

Black Saturday (Arabic: السبت الأسود; Samedi noir) was the massacre of about 300 Lebanese Muslims and Druze in Beirut by Phalangists on Saturday 6 December 1975, during the early stages of the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Black Saturday (Lebanon)

Black September

Black September (أيلول الأسود), also known as the Jordanian Civil War, was an armed conflict between Jordan, led by King Hussein, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), led by chairman Yasser Arafat. Lebanese Civil War and Black September are civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia, civil wars of the 20th century, history of the Palestine Liberation Organization and wars involving Syria.

See Lebanese Civil War and Black September

Bourj el-Barajneh

Bourj el-Barajneh (lit) is a municipality located in the southern suburbs of Beirut, in Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Bourj el-Barajneh

Bulgaria

Bulgaria, officially the Republic of Bulgaria, is a country in Southeast Europe. Located west of the Black Sea and south of the Danube river, Bulgaria is bordered by Greece and Turkey to the south, Serbia and North Macedonia to the west, and Romania to the north. It covers a territory of and is the 16th largest country in Europe.

See Lebanese Civil War and Bulgaria

Camille Chamoun

Camille Nimr Chamoun OM, ONC (كميل نمر شمعون, Kamīl Sham'ūn; 3 April 1900 – 7 August 1987) was a Lebanese politician who served as President of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958.

See Lebanese Civil War and Camille Chamoun

Canada

Canada is a country in North America.

See Lebanese Civil War and Canada

Canton (administrative division)

A canton is a type of administrative division of a country.

See Lebanese Civil War and Canton (administrative division)

Cantons of Switzerland

The 26 cantons of Switzerland are the member states of the Swiss Confederation.

See Lebanese Civil War and Cantons of Switzerland

Car bomb

A car bomb, bus bomb, van bomb, lorry bomb, or truck bomb, also known as a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED), is an improvised explosive device designed to be detonated in an automobile or other vehicles.

See Lebanese Civil War and Car bomb

Cedar Revolution

The Cedar Revolution (translit) or the Independence Intifada (translit) was a chain of demonstrations in Lebanon (especially in the capital Beirut) triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri.

See Lebanese Civil War and Cedar Revolution

Central Treaty Organization

The Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), formerly known as the Middle East Treaty Organization (METO) and also known as the Baghdad Pact, was a military alliance of the Cold War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Central Treaty Organization

Chouf District

Chouf (also spelled Shouf, Shuf or Chuf, in Jabal ash-Shouf) is a historic region of Lebanon, as well as an administrative district in the governorate (muhafazat) of Mount Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Chouf District

Christianity in Lebanon

|title.

See Lebanese Civil War and Christianity in Lebanon

Civil Administration of the Mountain

The Civil Administration of the Mountain, sometimes referred to as Jabal al-Druze, named after the Druze region in Syria, was a Druze-dominated geopolitical region that existed in Lebanon from 1983 until its gradual erosion following the Taif Agreement and the end of the country's civil war.

See Lebanese Civil War and Civil Administration of the Mountain

Civil war

A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country).

See Lebanese Civil War and Civil war

Coast

A coastalso called the coastline, shoreline, or seashoreis the land next to the sea or the line that forms the boundary between the land and the ocean or a lake.

See Lebanese Civil War and Coast

Coastal Road massacre

The Coastal Road massacre occurred on 11 March 1978, when Palestinian militants hijacked a bus on the Coastal Highway of Israel and murdered its occupants; 38 Israeli civilians, including 13 children, were killed as a result of the attack while 76 more were wounded.

See Lebanese Civil War and Coastal Road massacre

Cold War

The Cold War was a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc, that started in 1947, two years after the end of World War II, and lasted until the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991.

See Lebanese Civil War and Cold War

Communism

Communism (from Latin label) is a sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology within the socialist movement, whose goal is the creation of a communist society, a socioeconomic order centered around common ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange that allocates products to everyone in the society based on need.

See Lebanese Civil War and Communism

Communist Action Organization in Lebanon

The Communist Action Organization in Lebanon – CAOL (منظمة العمل الشيوعي في لبنان | munaẓẓamah al-‘amal al-shuyū‘ī fī lubnān), also known as Organization of Communist Action in Lebanon (OCAL), is Marxist-Leninist political party and former militia in Lebanon. Lebanese Civil War and Communist Action Organization in Lebanon are Lebanese National Movement and Lebanese National Resistance Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Communist Action Organization in Lebanon

Confederation

A confederation (also known as a confederacy or league) is a political union of sovereign states or communities united for purposes of common action.

See Lebanese Civil War and Confederation

Dahieh

Dahieh (lit, Banlieue Sud de Beyrouth, Dâhiye de Beyrouth) is a predominantly Shia Muslim suburb in the south of Beirut, in the Baabda District of Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Dahieh

Damascus

Damascus (Dimašq) is the capital and largest city of Syria, the oldest current capital in the world and, according to some, the fourth holiest city in Islam.

See Lebanese Civil War and Damascus

Damour

Damour (الدامور) is a Lebanese Christian town that is south of Beirut.

See Lebanese Civil War and Damour

Damour massacre

The Damour massacre took place on 20 January 1976, during the 1975–1990 Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Damour massacre

Daniel Byman

Daniel L. Byman (born 1967) is one of the world's leading researchers on terrorism, Counterterrorism and the Middle East.

See Lebanese Civil War and Daniel Byman

Dany Chamoun

Dany Chamoun (داني شمعون; 26 August 1934 – 21 October 1990) was a prominent Lebanese politician.

See Lebanese Civil War and Dany Chamoun

David Gilmour (historian)

The Honourable Sir David Robert Gilmour, 4th Baronet, (born 14 November 1952) is a British writer and historian.

See Lebanese Civil War and David Gilmour (historian)

Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine

The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP; el-Jabha ed-Dīmūqrāṭiyya li-Taḥrīr Filasṭīn) is a secular Palestinian Marxist–Leninist and Maoist organization.

See Lebanese Civil War and Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine

Dilip Hiro

Dilip Hiro, (March 1, 1932--November 19, 2023) was an Indian author, journalist and commentator who specialized in the politics of South Asia and Middle East.

See Lebanese Civil War and Dilip Hiro

Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire

The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) was a period of history of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Young Turk Revolution and ultimately ending with the empire's dissolution and the founding of the modern state of Turkey.

See Lebanese Civil War and Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire

Druze

The Druze (دَرْزِيّ, or دُرْزِيّ, rtl), who call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (lit. 'the monotheists' or 'the unitarians'), are an Arab and Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from West Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion whose main tenets assert the unity of God, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul.

See Lebanese Civil War and Druze

East Beirut canton

The East Beirut canton, also known as Kfarshima - Madfoun or Marounistan, was a Christian-dominated geopolitical region that existed in Lebanon from 1976 until its gradual erosion following the Taif Agreement and the end of the country's civil war. Lebanese Civil War and East Beirut canton are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and East Beirut canton

Edgar O'Ballance

Major Edgar “Paddy” O'Ballance (17 July 1918, Dublin, Ireland – 8 July 2009, Wakebridge, Derbyshire, England) was an Irish-born British military journalist, researcher, defence commentator and academic lecturer specialising in international relations and defence problems.

See Lebanese Civil War and Edgar O'Ballance

Egypt

Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.

See Lebanese Civil War and Egypt

Elias Atallah

Elias G. Atallah (إلياس عطا الله; born 1947), is a Lebanese politician and an elected member of parliament during the 2005 elections.

See Lebanese Civil War and Elias Atallah

Elias Hrawi

Elias Hrawi (إلياس الهراوي; 4 September 1926 – 7 July 2006) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 10th president of Lebanon from 1989 to 1998.

See Lebanese Civil War and Elias Hrawi

Elie Hobeika

Elie Hobeika (also transliterated as Hubayqa; إيلي حبيقة.; 22 September 1956 – 24 January 2002) was a Lebanese Maronite militia commander in the Lebanese Forces militia during the Lebanese Civil War and one of Bashir Gemayel's close confidants.

See Lebanese Civil War and Elie Hobeika

Emmanuel Erskine

Emmanuel Alexander Erskine (19 January 1935 – 7 May 2021) was a Ghanaian military officer and politician.

See Lebanese Civil War and Emmanuel Erskine

Endless Night (painting)

Endless Night is a painting executed in 1983 by Nabil Kanso in oil paint on canvas measuring.

See Lebanese Civil War and Endless Night (painting)

Etienne Saqr

Étienne Saqr (إتيان صقر; born on 26 December 1937; last name also spelt Sakr), also known by his kunya Abu Arz, is a Lebanese nationalist leader and founder of the Guardians of the Cedars militia and political party.

See Lebanese Civil War and Etienne Saqr

Exile

Exile or banishment, is primarily penal expulsion from one's native country, and secondarily expatriation or prolonged absence from one's homeland under either the compulsion of circumstance or the rigors of some high purpose.

See Lebanese Civil War and Exile

Failed state

A failed state is a state that has lost its ability to fulfill fundamental security and development functions, lacking effective control over its territory and borders.

See Lebanese Civil War and Failed state

Farid Elias Khazen

Farid Elias Khazen (also Farid Elias el-Khazen فريد إلياس الخازن) is a Lebanese politician and professor of political science at the American University of Beirut.

See Lebanese Civil War and Farid Elias Khazen

Fatah

Fatah (Fatḥ), formally the Palestinian National Liberation Movement (label), is a Palestinian nationalist and social democratic political party.

See Lebanese Civil War and Fatah

Fatah al-Intifada

Fatah al-Intifada (فتح الانتفاضة Fatah Uprising) is a Palestinian militant faction founded by Said Muragha, better known as Abu Musa.

See Lebanese Civil War and Fatah al-Intifada

Fatwa

A fatwa (translit; label) is a legal ruling on a point of Islamic law (sharia) given by a qualified Islamic jurist (faqih) in response to a question posed by a private individual, judge or government.

See Lebanese Civil War and Fatwa

February 6 Intifada

The February 6 Intifada or February 6 uprising in West Beirut took place on 6 February 1984 during the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and February 6 Intifada

Fedayeen

Fedayeen (فِدائيّين fidāʼīyīn "self-sacrificers") is an Arabic term used to refer to various military groups willing to sacrifice themselves for a larger campaign.

See Lebanese Civil War and Fedayeen

Fillip

Fillip is a Vancouver-based contemporary art publishing organization formed in 2004.

See Lebanese Civil War and Fillip

First Intifada

The First Intifada (lit), also known as the First Palestinian Intifada or the Stone Intifada, was a sustained series of protests, acts of civil disobedience and riots carried out by Palestinians in the Israeli-occupied Palestinian territories and Israel.

See Lebanese Civil War and First Intifada

Fouad Chehab

Fouad Abdallah Chehab (فُؤاد عبد الله شِهاب /; 19 March 1902 – 25 April 1973) was a Lebanese general and statesman who served as President of Lebanon from 1958 to 1964.

See Lebanese Civil War and Fouad Chehab

Free France

Free France (France libre) was a political entity claiming to be the legitimate government of France following the dissolution of the Third Republic during World War II.

See Lebanese Civil War and Free France

Gamal Abdel Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser Hussein (15 January 1918 – 28 September 1970) was an Egyptian military officer and politician who served as the second president of Egypt from 1954 until his death in 1970.

See Lebanese Civil War and Gamal Abdel Nasser

George Habash

George Habash (Jūrj Ḥabash; 1 August 1926 – 26 January 2008) was a Palestinian politician and physician who founded the Marxist–Leninist Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP).

See Lebanese Civil War and George Habash

George Hawi

George Hawi (جورج حاوي; born 5 November 1938 – 21 June 2005) was a Lebanese politician and former secretary general of the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP).

See Lebanese Civil War and George Hawi

Georges Adwan

Georges Adwan (جورج عدوان; born 1947) is a lawyer and a Lebanese politician.

See Lebanese Civil War and Georges Adwan

Global Policy Forum

The Global Policy Forum (GPF) is an international non-governmental organization founded in December 1993 and based in New York and Bonn (Global Policy Forum Europe).

See Lebanese Civil War and Global Policy Forum

Greater Lebanon

The State of Greater Lebanon (Dawlat Lubnān al-Kubra; État du Grand Liban), informally known as French Lebanon, was a state declared on 1 September 1920, which became the Lebanese Republic (الجمهورية اللبنانية; République libanaise) in May 1926, and is the predecessor of modern Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Greater Lebanon

Green Line (Lebanon)

The Green Line (الخط الأخضر) was a line of demarcation in Beirut, Lebanon, during the Lebanese Civil War from 1975 to 1990.

See Lebanese Civil War and Green Line (Lebanon)

Guardians of the Cedars

The Guardians of the Cedars (GoC; حراس الأرز; Ḥurrās al-Arz) was a far-right ultranationalist Lebanese party and former militia in Lebanon. Lebanese Civil War and Guardians of the Cedars are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Guardians of the Cedars

Guerrilla warfare

Guerrilla warfare is a form of unconventional warfare in which small groups of irregular military, such as rebels, partisans, paramilitary personnel or armed civilians including recruited children, use ambushes, sabotage, terrorism, raids, petty warfare or hit-and-run tactics in a rebellion, in a violent conflict, in a war or in a civil war to fight against regular military, police or rival insurgent forces.

See Lebanese Civil War and Guerrilla warfare

Gulf War

The Gulf War was an armed conflict between Iraq and a 42-country coalition led by the United States. Lebanese Civil War and Gulf War are wars involving Israel and wars involving Syria.

See Lebanese Civil War and Gulf War

Gustav Hägglund

Johan Edvin Birger Gustav Hägglund (6 September 1938 – present) is a retired Finnish general.

See Lebanese Civil War and Gustav Hägglund

Habib Shartouni

Habib Tanious Shartouni (حبيب الشرتوني; born 24 April 1958) is the convicted assassin of the Lebanese president-elect Bachir Gemayel. Lebanese Civil War and Habib Shartouni are Syrian Social Nationalist Party.

See Lebanese Civil War and Habib Shartouni

Hafez al-Assad

Hafez al-Assad (6 October 193010 June 2000) was a Syrian statesman, military officer and revolutionary who served as the 18th president of Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000.

See Lebanese Civil War and Hafez al-Assad

Hagop Hagopian (militant)

Hagop Hagopian (or Agop Agopian; Յակոբ Յակոբեան; 1951 – 28 April 1988) was one of the founders and the main leader of ASALA. Lebanese Civil War and Hagop Hagopian (militant) are Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia.

See Lebanese Civil War and Hagop Hagopian (militant)

Hamra Street

Hamra Street or Rue Hamra (شارع الحمراء) is one of the main streets of the city of Beirut, Lebanon, and one of the main economic and diplomatic hubs of Beirut.

See Lebanese Civil War and Hamra Street

Hasbaya

Hasbaya or Hasbeiya (حاصبيا) is a town in Lebanon, situated at the foot of Mount Hermon, overlooking a deep amphitheatre from which a brook flows to the Hasbani River.

See Lebanese Civil War and Hasbaya

Hashish

Hashish (), commonly shortened to hash, is an oleoresin made by compressing and processing parts of the cannabis plant, typically focusing on flowering buds (female flowers) containing the most trichomes.

See Lebanese Civil War and Hashish

Helena Cobban

Helena Cobban (born 1952) is a British-American writer and researcher on international relations, with special interests in the Middle East, the international system, and transitional justice.

See Lebanese Civil War and Helena Cobban

Hermel

Hermel (الهرمل) is a town in Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Hermel

Hezbollah

Hezbollah (Ḥizbu 'llāh) is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group, led since 1992 by its Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah.

See Lebanese Civil War and Hezbollah

Hezbollah armed strength

Hezbollah, a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and militia group, has an exceptionally strong military wing, thought to be stronger than the Lebanese Army and equivalent to the armed strength of a medium-sized army.

See Lebanese Civil War and Hezbollah armed strength

Holiday Inn Beirut

The Holiday Inn Beirut is a ruined hotel in Beirut, Lebanon on Omar Daouk Street in the central Minet el Hosn neighborhood.

See Lebanese Civil War and Holiday Inn Beirut

Hundred Days' War

The Hundred Days War (حرب المئة يوم, Harb Al-Mia'at Yaoum, French: La Guerre des Cent Jours) was a subconflict within the 1977–82 phase of the Lebanese Civil War which occurred in the Lebanese capital Beirut.

See Lebanese Civil War and Hundred Days' War

Hussein of Jordan

Hussein bin Talal (translit; 14 November 1935 – 7 February 1999) was King of Jordan from 11 August 1952 until his death in 1999.

See Lebanese Civil War and Hussein of Jordan

Ibrahim Kulaylat

Ibrahim Kulaylat (born 1940) is a Lebanese politician and head of the Independent Nasserist Movement (known as Al-Mourabitoun), established in 1957-58.

See Lebanese Civil War and Ibrahim Kulaylat

Incendies

Incendies ("Fires") is a 2010 Canadian drama film directed by Denis Villeneuve, who co-wrote the screenplay with Valérie Beaugrand-Champagne.

See Lebanese Civil War and Incendies

Iran

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south.

See Lebanese Civil War and Iran

Iran–Iraq War

The Iran–Iraq War, also known as the First Gulf War, was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq that lasted from September 1980 to August 1988. Lebanese Civil War and Iran–Iraq War are 1980s conflicts, Shia–Sunni sectarian violence and wars involving Iran.

See Lebanese Civil War and Iran–Iraq War

Iran–Israel proxy conflict

The Iran–Israel proxy conflict, also known as the Iran–Israel proxy war or Iran–Israel Cold War, is an ongoing proxy conflict between Iran and Israel. Lebanese Civil War and Iran–Israel proxy conflict are 1980s conflicts, 1990s conflicts, proxy wars, wars involving Iran and wars involving Israel.

See Lebanese Civil War and Iran–Israel proxy conflict

Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Iran and Saudi Arabia are engaged in an ongoing struggle for influence in the Middle East and other regions of the Muslim world. Lebanese Civil War and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict are Iran–Israel proxy conflict, proxy wars, Shia–Sunni sectarian violence and wars involving Iran.

See Lebanese Civil War and Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution (انقلاب ایران), also known as the 1979 Revolution and the Islamic Revolution (label), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions.

See Lebanese Civil War and Iranian Revolution

Iraq

Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East.

See Lebanese Civil War and Iraq

Islam in Lebanon

|title.

See Lebanese Civil War and Islam in Lebanon

Islamic Dawa Party in Lebanon

The Islamic Dawa Party in Lebanon(Arabic حزب الدعوة الإسلامية Ḥizb al Daʿwa al-Islāmiyya) was an Islamist Shia party in Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Islamic Dawa Party in Lebanon

Islamic Republic of Iran Army

The Islamic Republic of Iran Army (ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران), acronymed AJA (آجا), simply known as the Iranian Army or the Artesh (Arteš,(Ərtēš)), is the conventional military of Iran and part of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces.

See Lebanese Civil War and Islamic Republic of Iran Army

Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC; سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی), also known as the Iranian Revolutionary Guards, is a multi-service primary branch of the Iranian Armed Forces.

See Lebanese Civil War and Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

Islamic Unification Movement

The Islamic Unification Movement – IUM (حركة التوحيد الإسلامي | Harakat al-Tawhid al-Islami), also named Islamic Unity Movement, but best known as Al-Tawhid, At-Tawhid, or Tawheed, is a Lebanese Sunni Muslim political party.

See Lebanese Civil War and Islamic Unification Movement

Islamism

Islamism (also often called political Islam) refers to a broad set of religious and political ideological movements.

See Lebanese Civil War and Islamism

Israel

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia.

See Lebanese Civil War and Israel

Israel Defense Forces

The Israel Defense Forces (IDF; צְבָא הַהֲגָנָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל), alternatively referred to by the Hebrew-language acronym, is the national military of the State of Israel.

See Lebanese Civil War and Israel Defense Forces

Israel Prison Service

The Israel Prison Service (שירות בתי הסוהר, Sherut Batei HaSohar, إدارة السجون الإسرائيلية, Idārat al-Sujūn al-Isrā’īlīyyah), known in Israel by its acronym Shabas or IPS in English, is the state agency responsible for overseeing prisons in Israel.

See Lebanese Civil War and Israel Prison Service

Israeli Air Force

The Israeli Air Force (IAF; tl, "Air and Space Arm", commonly known as, Kheil HaAvir, "Air Corps") operates as the aerial and space warfare branch of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).

See Lebanese Civil War and Israeli Air Force

Israeli Declaration of Independence

The Israeli Declaration of Independence, formally the Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel (הכרזה על הקמת מדינת ישראל), was proclaimed on 14 May 1948 (5 Iyar 5708) by David Ben-Gurion, the Executive Head of the World Zionist Organization, Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, and later first Prime Minister of Israel.

See Lebanese Civil War and Israeli Declaration of Independence

Israeli Ground Forces

The Israeli Ground Forces (זרוע היבשה) are the ground forces of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).

See Lebanese Civil War and Israeli Ground Forces

Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon

The Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon formally began in 1985 and ended in 2000 as part of the South Lebanon conflict.

See Lebanese Civil War and Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon

Itamar Rabinovich

Itamar Rabinovich (איתמר רבינוביץ; born 1942) is the president of the Israel Institute (Washington and Jerusalem).

See Lebanese Civil War and Itamar Rabinovich

January 1986 Lebanese Forces coup

On January 15, 1986, forces loyal to Lebanese president Amine Gemayel and Samir Geagea, intelligence chief of the Lebanese Forces (LF), ousted Elie Hobeika from his position as leader of the LF and replaced him with Geagea.

See Lebanese Civil War and January 1986 Lebanese Forces coup

Jewish Virtual Library

The Jewish Virtual Library (JVL, formerly known as JSOURCE) is an online encyclopedia published by the American foreign policy analyst Mitchell Bard's non-profit organization American–Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (AICE).

See Lebanese Civil War and Jewish Virtual Library

Jim Muir

Jim Muir (born 3 June 1948) is a British journalist, currently serving as a Middle East correspondent for BBC News, based in Beirut, Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Jim Muir

Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige

Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige are Lebanese filmmakers and artists.

See Lebanese Civil War and Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige

John Bulloch (journalist)

John Angel Bulloch (15 April 1928 – 18 November 2010) was a foreign correspondent for the Daily Telegraph.

See Lebanese Civil War and John Bulloch (journalist)

Jordan

Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, is a country in the Southern Levant region of West Asia.

See Lebanese Civil War and Jordan

Jounieh

Jounieh (جونيه, or Juniya, جونية) is a coastal city in Keserwan District, about north of Beirut, Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Jounieh

Jumblatt family

The Jumblatt family (originally  Canpolad, meaning "steel-bodied" or "soul of steel"), also transliterated as Joumblatt and Junblat) is a Sunni-Muslim that became dominant in Druze politics after 1960s with the weakening of the Arslan family based in the Chouf area of Mount Lebanon that began to ascend in the Druze politics following the end of the Shihabi Emirate.

See Lebanese Civil War and Jumblatt family

Jury Prize (Cannes Film Festival)

The Jury Prize (Prix du Jury) is an award of the Cannes Film Festival bestowed by the jury of the festival on one of the competing feature films.

See Lebanese Civil War and Jury Prize (Cannes Film Festival)

Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide

Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide (JCAG) (Հայկական Ցեղասպանութեան Արդարութեան Մարտիկներ, ՀՑԱՄ) was an Armenian militant organization active from 1975 to 1987.

See Lebanese Civil War and Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide

Kahan Commission

The Kahan Commission (ועדת כהן), formally known as the Commission of Inquiry into the Events at the Refugee Camps in Beirut, was established by the Israeli government on 28 September 1982, to investigate the Sabra and Shatila massacre (16–18 September 1982).

See Lebanese Civil War and Kahan Commission

Kamal Jumblatt

Kamal Fouad Jumblatt (كمال فؤاد جنبلاط; 6 December 1917 – 16 March 1977) was a Lebanese politician who founded the Progressive Socialist Party.

See Lebanese Civil War and Kamal Jumblatt

Kamal Salibi

Kamal Suleiman Salibi (كمال سليمان الصليبي.) (2 May 19291 September 2011) ilouban.com, 1 September 2011.

See Lebanese Civil War and Kamal Salibi

Karantina massacre

The Karantina massacre (مجزرة الكرنتينا; Massacre de La Quarantaine/Karantina) took place on January 18, 1976, early in the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Karantina massacre

Kataeb Party

The Kataeb Party, officially the Kataeb Party – Lebanese Social Democratic Party (حزب الكتائب اللبنانية - الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي اللبناني), also known as the Phalanges, is a right-wing Christian political party in Lebanon founded by Pierre Gemayel in 1936. Lebanese Civil War and Kataeb Party are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Kataeb Party

Kataeb Regulatory Forces

The Kataeb Regulatory Forces – KRF (translit) or Forces Régulatoires des Kataeb (FRK) in French, were the military wing of the right-wing Lebanese Christian Kataeb Party, otherwise known as the 'Phalange', from 1961 to 1977. Lebanese Civil War and Kataeb Regulatory Forces are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Kataeb Regulatory Forces

Kenneth M. Pollack

Kenneth Michael Pollack (born 1966) is an American former CIA intelligence analyst and expert on Middle East politics and military affairs.

See Lebanese Civil War and Kenneth M. Pollack

Khalil al-Wazir

Khalil Ibrahim al-WazirStandardized Arabic transliteration: / / (خليل إبراهيمالوزير, also known by his kunya Abu JihadStandardized Arabic transliteration: أبو جهاد—"Jihad's Father"; 10 October 1935 – 16 April 1988) was a Palestinian leader and co-founder of the nationalist party Fatah.

See Lebanese Civil War and Khalil al-Wazir

Koura District

Koura District (ٱلْكُورَة, from lit) is a district in the North Governorate, Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Koura District

Kurdistan Workers' Party

The Kurdistan Workers' Party or PKK is a Kurdish militant political organization and armed guerrilla movement which historically operated throughout Kurdistan but is now primarily based in the mountainous Kurdish-majority regions of southeastern Turkey and northern Iraq.

See Lebanese Civil War and Kurdistan Workers' Party

Kuwait

Kuwait, officially the State of Kuwait, is a country in West Asia.

See Lebanese Civil War and Kuwait

Land mine

A land mine, or landmine, is an explosive weapon concealed under or camouflaged on the ground, and designed to destroy or disable enemy targets, ranging from combatants to vehicles and tanks, as they pass over or near it.

See Lebanese Civil War and Land mine

League of Nations

The League of Nations (LN or LoN; Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.

See Lebanese Civil War and League of Nations

Lebanese Arab Army

The Lebanese Arab Army – LAA (Arabic: جيش لبنان العربي transliteration Jayish Lubnan al-Arabi), also known variously as the Arab Army of Lebanon (AAL) and Arab Lebanese Army or Armée arabe du Liban (AAL) in French, was a predominantly Muslim splinter faction of the Lebanese Army that came to play a key role in the 1975–77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War. Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Arab Army are Lebanese National Movement.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Arab Army

Lebanese Armed Forces

The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya), also known as the Lebanese Army (Al-Jaish al-Lubnani), is the military of Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Armed Forces

Lebanese Communist Party

The Lebanese Communist Party (LCP; الحزب الشيوعي اللبناني, transliterated) is a communist party in Lebanon. Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Communist Party are Lebanese National Movement and Lebanese National Resistance Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Communist Party

Lebanese Druze

The Lebanese Druze (durūz lubnān) are an ethnoreligious group constituting about 5.2 percent U.S. Department of State.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Druze

Lebanese Forces

The Lebanese Forces (القوات اللبنانية) is a Lebanese Christian-based political party and former militia during the Lebanese Civil War. Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Forces are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Forces

Lebanese Forces (militia)

The Lebanese Forces was one of the main Lebanese Christian factions of the Lebanese Civil War. Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Forces (militia) are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Forces (militia)

Lebanese Forces – Executive Command

The Lebanese Forces – Executive Command or LFEC (Arabic: القوات اللبنانية - القيادة التنفيذية | Al-Quwwat al-Lubnaniyya – Al-Qiyada Al-Tanfeethiyya), was a splinter group from the Lebanese Forces led by Elie Hobeika, based at the town of Zahlé in the Beqaa valley during the late 1980s. Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Forces – Executive Command are Lebanese National Resistance Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Forces – Executive Command

Lebanese Front

The Lebanese Front (الجبهة اللبنانية, al-Jabha al-Lubnaniyya) was a coalition of mainly right-wing Lebanese Nationalist parties formed in 1976 by majority Christian groups during the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Front

Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians

Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians (المسيحية الأرثوذكسية الرومية في لبنان) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch in Lebanon, which is an autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and is the second-largest Christian denomination in Lebanon after the Maronite Christians.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians

Lebanese Maronite Christians

Lebanese Maronite Christians (المسيحية المارونية في لبنان; ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ) refers to Lebanese people who are members of the Maronite Church in Lebanon, the largest Christian denomination in the country.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Maronite Christians

Lebanese Melkite Christians

Lebanese Melkite Christians refers to Lebanese people who are members of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church in Lebanon, which is the third largest Christian group in the country after the Maronite Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Melkite Christians

Lebanese Movement in Support of Fatah

The Lebanese Movement in Support of Fatah – LMSF (Arabic: الحركة اللبنانية لدعمفتح | Al-Harakat al-Lubnaniyyat li daem Fath) was established in 1968 by Dr. Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Movement in Support of Fatah are Lebanese National Movement.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Movement in Support of Fatah

Lebanese National Movement

The Lebanese National Movement (LNM; الحركة الوطنية اللبنانية, Al-Harakat al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya) was a front of Leftist, pan-Arabist and Syrian nationalist parties and organizations active during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War, which supported the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO).

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese National Movement

Lebanese National Resistance Front

The Lebanese National Resistance Front (LNRF; Jabhat al-Muqawama al-Wataniyya al-Lubnaniyya), best known by its Arabic acronym, ‘Jammoul’ (جمول), was a leftist alliance active in Lebanon in the 1980s.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese National Resistance Front

Lebanese people

The Lebanese people (الشعب اللبناني / ALA-LC) are the people inhabiting or originating from Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese people

Lebanese Renewal Party

Lebanese Renewal Party (in Arabic حزب التجدد اللبناني) abbreviated as LRP was a Lebanese nationalist party established in 1972 by a number of staunch Lebanese nationalists including activist Etienne Saqr, poet Said Akl and writer May Murr.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Renewal Party

Lebanese Shia Muslims

Lebanese Shia Muslims (المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيون), communally and historically known as matāwila (متاولة, plural of متوال mutawālin; pronounced as متوالي metouali or matawali in Lebanese Arabic), are Lebanese people who are adherents of Shia Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role alongside Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Shia Muslims

Lebanese Sunni Muslims

Lebanese Sunni Muslims (المسلمون السنة اللبنانيين) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is one of the largest denomination in Lebanon tied with Shias.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Sunni Muslims

Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG)

The Lebanese Youth Movement – LYM (Arabic: حركة الشباب اللبنانية | Harakat al-Shabab al-Lubnaniyya), also known as the Maroun Khoury Group (MKG), was a Christian far-right militia which fought in the 1975-77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War. Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG) are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG)

Lebanon

Lebanon (Lubnān), officially the Republic of Lebanon, is a country in the Levant region of West Asia.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanon

Lebanon (painting)

Lebanon is a mural size painting by Nabil Kanso depicting the Lebanese Civil War in a scene invoking the spirit and character of the people in the midst of horror and violence gripping the country.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanon (painting)

Lebanon hostage crisis

The Lebanon hostage crisis was the kidnapping in Lebanon of 104 foreign hostages between 1982 and 1992, when the Lebanese Civil War was at its height.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanon hostage crisis

Lebanon Summer 1982

Lebanon Summer 1982 is the title and subject of a mural-scale painting made by Nabil Kanso in 1982 on the Sabra and Shatila massacre during the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanon Summer 1982

Lebanonization

Lebanonization (Hebrew: לבנוניזציה; اللًَبْنَنَة) is a negative political term referring to the process of a prosperous, developed, politically stable country descending into a civil war or becoming a failed state, as is the case with Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lebanonization

Left-wing politics

Left-wing politics describes the range of political ideologies that support and seek to achieve social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy as a whole or certain social hierarchies.

See Lebanese Civil War and Left-wing politics

Libya

Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

See Lebanese Civil War and Libya

Likud

Likud (HaLikud), officially known as Likud – National Liberal Movement (HaLikud – Tnu'ah Leumit Liberalit), is a major right-wing political party in Israel.

See Lebanese Civil War and Likud

Lina Murr Nehmé

Lina Murr Nehmé (born 1955) is a French-Lebanese author and professor at the Lebanese University.

See Lebanese Civil War and Lina Murr Nehmé

List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

This is a list of modern conflicts in the Middle East ensuing in the geographic and political region known as the Middle East.

See Lebanese Civil War and List of modern conflicts in the Middle East

Litani River

The Litani River (Nahr al-Līṭānī), the classical Leontes (lion river), is an important water resource in southern Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Litani River

Maarouf Saad

Maarouf Saad (معروف سعد; 1910. Maarouf Saad Cultural Center. or 1914–6 March 1975) was a Lebanese politician and activist.

See Lebanese Civil War and Maarouf Saad

Mafia

"Mafia" is an informal term that is used to describe criminal organizations that bear a strong similarity to the organized crime groups from Italy.

See Lebanese Civil War and Mafia

Mahsum Korkmaz

Mahsum Korkmaz, also known as Agit (Kurmanji: Egîd; Sorani: عەگید) (1956 – 28 March 1986), was the first commander of the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK)'s military forces.

See Lebanese Civil War and Mahsum Korkmaz

Malcolm H. Kerr

Malcolm Hooper Kerr (October 8, 1931 – January 18, 1984) was a university professor specializing in the Middle East and the Arab world.

See Lebanese Civil War and Malcolm H. Kerr

Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon

The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban; al-intidāb al-faransīalā sūriyā wa-lubnān, also referred to as the Levant States; 1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, concerning Syria and Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon

Mandatory Palestine

Mandatory Palestine was a geopolitical entity that existed between 1920 and 1948 in the region of Palestine under the terms of the League of Nations Mandate for Palestine.

See Lebanese Civil War and Mandatory Palestine

Manner of death

In many legal jurisdictions, the manner of death is a determination, typically made by the coroner, medical examiner, police, or similar officials, and recorded as a vital statistic.

See Lebanese Civil War and Manner of death

March 14 Alliance

The March 14 Alliance (taḥāluf 14 ādhār), named after the date of the Cedar Revolution, was a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon formed in 2005 that were united by their anti-Syrian stance and by their opposition to the March 8 Alliance.

See Lebanese Civil War and March 14 Alliance

March 8 Alliance

The March 8 Alliance (taḥāluf 8 adhār) is a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon formed in 2005 that are united by their pro-Syrian stance and their opposition to the former March 14 Alliance.

See Lebanese Civil War and March 8 Alliance

Marcia C. Inhorn

Marcia Claire Inhorn is a medical anthropologist and William K. Lanman Jr.

See Lebanese Civil War and Marcia C. Inhorn

Marjayoun

Marjayoun (مرجعيون: Lebanese pronunciation), also Marj 'Ayoun, Marjuyun or Marjeyoun (lit. "meadow of springs") which reflects the area's lush landscape and abundant water resources and Jdeideh / Jdeida / Jdeidet Marjeyoun, is a Lebanese town and an administrative district, the Marjeyoun District, in the Nabatieh Governorate in Southern Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Marjayoun

Maronites

Maronites (Al-Mawārinah; Marunoye) are a Syriac Christian ethnoreligious group native to the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant region of West Asia, whose members traditionally belong to the Maronite Church, with the largest concentration long residing near Mount Lebanon in modern Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Maronites

Martyrs' Square, Beirut

Martyrs' Square, historically known as "Al Burj" or "Place des Cannons", is the historical central public square of Beirut, Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Martyrs' Square, Beirut

Marxism–Leninism

Marxism–Leninism is a communist ideology that became the largest faction of the communist movement in the world in the years following the October Revolution.

See Lebanese Civil War and Marxism–Leninism

Matn District

Matn (قضاء المتن), sometimes spelled Metn (or preceded by the article El, as in El Matn), is a district (qadaa) in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon, east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut.

See Lebanese Civil War and Matn District

May 17 Agreement

The May 17 Agreement of 1983 was an agreement signed between Lebanon and Israel during the Lebanese Civil War on May 17, 1983, after Israel invaded Lebanon to end cross border attacks and besieged Beirut in 1982.

See Lebanese Civil War and May 17 Agreement

Memory Box

Memory Box is a Canadian-Lebanese-French drama film written and directed by Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige.

See Lebanese Civil War and Memory Box

Menachem Begin

Menachem Begin (Menaḥem Begin,; Menachem Begin (Polish documents, 1931–1937);; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel.

See Lebanese Civil War and Menachem Begin

Michel Aoun

Michel Naim Aoun (ميشال نعيمعون,; born 30 September 1933) is a Lebanese politician and former military general who served as the President of Lebanon from 31 October 2016 until 30 October 2022.

See Lebanese Civil War and Michel Aoun

Minister without portfolio

A minister without portfolio is a government minister without specific responsibility as head of a government department.

See Lebanese Civil War and Minister without portfolio

Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah

Grand Ayatollah Muhammad Husayn Fadlallah (translit; 16 November 1935 – 4 July 2010) was a prominent Lebanese-Iraqi Twelver Shia cleric.

See Lebanese Civil War and Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah

Monte Melkonian

Monte Melkonian (Մոնթէ Մելքոնեան; 25 November 1957 – 12 June 1993) was an Armenian-American revolutionary and left-wing nationalist militant.

See Lebanese Civil War and Monte Melkonian

Moral authority

Moral authority is authority premised on principles, or fundamental truths, which are independent of written, or positive, laws.

See Lebanese Civil War and Moral authority

Morocco

Morocco, officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa.

See Lebanese Civil War and Morocco

Mount Lebanon

Mount Lebanon (جَبَل لُبْنَان, jabal lubnān,; ܛܘܪ ܠܒ݂ܢܢ,,, ṭūr lewnōn) is a mountain range in Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Mount Lebanon

Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate

The Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate (1861–1918, translit) was one of the Ottoman Empire's subdivisions following the Tanzimat reform.

See Lebanese Civil War and Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate

Mount Sannine

Mount Sannine (جبل صنين / ALA-LC: Jabal Șannīn) is a mountain in the Mount Lebanon range.

See Lebanese Civil War and Mount Sannine

Mountain War (Lebanon)

The Mountain War (حرب الجبل | Harb al-Jabal), also known as the War of the Mountain, was a subconflict between the 1982–83 phase of the Lebanese Civil War and the 1984–89 phase of the Lebanese Civil War, which occurred at the mountainous Chouf District located south-east of the Lebanese Capital Beirut.

See Lebanese Civil War and Mountain War (Lebanon)

Multinational Force in Lebanon

The Multinational Force in Lebanon (MNF) was an international peacekeeping force created in August 1982 following a 1981 U.S.-brokered ceasefire between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel to end their involvement in the conflict between Lebanon's pro-government and pro-Syrian factions. Lebanese Civil War and Multinational Force in Lebanon are 1980s in Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Multinational Force in Lebanon

Musa al-Sadr

Musa Sadr al-Din al-Sadr (موسى صدر الدين الصدر; 4 June 1928 – disappeared 31 August 1978) was an Iranian-Lebanese Shia Muslim cleric and politician.

See Lebanese Civil War and Musa al-Sadr

Muslim Brotherhood

The Society of the Muslim Brothers (جماعة الإخوان المسلمين), better known as the Muslim Brotherhood (الإخوان المسلمون) is a transnational Sunni Islamist organization founded in Egypt by Islamic scholar and schoolteacher Hassan al-Banna in 1928.

See Lebanese Civil War and Muslim Brotherhood

Mustafa Tlass

Mustafa Abdul Qadir Tlass (Musṭafā ʿAbd al-Qādir Ṭalās; 11 May 1932 – 27 June 2017) was a Syrian senior military officer and politician who was Syria's minister of defense from 1972 to 2004.

See Lebanese Civil War and Mustafa Tlass

Mutasarrif

Mutasarrif, mutesarrif, mutasarriff, or mutesarriff (متصرّف) was the title used in the Ottoman Empire and places like post-Ottoman Iraq for the governor of an administrative district in place of the usual sanjakbey.

See Lebanese Civil War and Mutasarrif

Nabatieh

Nabatieh (النبطية,, Syriac-Aramaic: ܐܠܢܒܛܝܥ), or Nabatîyé, is the city of the Nabatieh Governorate, in southern Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Nabatieh

Nabih Berri

Nabih Mustafa Berri (translit; born 28 January 1938) is a Lebanese politician who has been serving as Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon since 1992.

See Lebanese Civil War and Nabih Berri

Nabil Kanso

Nabil Kanso (1940 – 17 November 2019) was an American painter.

See Lebanese Civil War and Nabil Kanso

Narcotic

The term narcotic (from ancient Greek ναρκῶ narkō, "I make numb") originally referred medically to any psychoactive compound with numbing or paralyzing properties.

See Lebanese Civil War and Narcotic

Nasserism

Nasserism is an Arab nationalist and Arab socialist political ideology based on the thinking of Gamal Abdel Nasser, one of the two principal leaders of the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and Egypt's second President.

See Lebanese Civil War and Nasserism

National Liberal Party (Lebanon)

The National Liberal Party (NLP, حزب الوطنيين الأحرار, Ḥizb Al-Waṭaniyyīn Al-Aḥrār) is a nationalist political party in Lebanon, established by President Camille Chamoun in 1958. Lebanese Civil War and national Liberal Party (Lebanon) are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and National Liberal Party (Lebanon)

National Pact

The National Pact (translit) is an unwritten agreement that laid the foundation of Lebanon as a multiconfessional state following negotiations between the Shia, Sunni, and Maronite leaderships.

See Lebanese Civil War and National Pact

Nayef Hawatmeh

Nayef Hawatmeh (Nāyef Ḥawātmeh; Kunya: Abu an-Nuf; born 17 November 1938) is a Jordanian politician who is the head of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine.

See Lebanese Civil War and Nayef Hawatmeh

New wave music

New wave is a music genre that encompasses pop-oriented styles from the 1970s through the 1980s.

See Lebanese Civil War and New wave music

Nigerian Army

The Nigerian Army (NA) is the land force of the Nigerian Armed Forces.

See Lebanese Civil War and Nigerian Army

Noam Chomsky

Avram Noam Chomsky (born December 7, 1928) is an American professor and public intellectual known for his work in linguistics, political activism, and social criticism.

See Lebanese Civil War and Noam Chomsky

Non-combatant

Non-combatant is a term of art in the law of war and international humanitarian law to refer to civilians who are not taking a direct part in hostilities; persons, such as combat medics and military chaplains, who are members of the belligerent armed forces but are protected because of their specific duties (as currently described in Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions, adopted in June 1977); combatants who are placed hors de combat; and neutral persons, such as peacekeepers, who are not involved in fighting for one of the belligerents involved in a war.

See Lebanese Civil War and Non-combatant

Odd Karsten Tveit

Odd Karsten Tveit (born 17 December 1945) is a Norwegian journalist, writer and economist.

See Lebanese Civil War and Odd Karsten Tveit

Omar Karami

Omar Abdul Hamid Karami (last name also spelled Karamé and Karameh) (عمر عبد الحميد كرامي; 7 September 1934 – 1 January 2015) was the 29th prime minister of Lebanon, who served two separate terms.

See Lebanese Civil War and Omar Karami

Out of Life

Out of Life (Hors la vie) is a 1991 film directed by Lebanese director Maroun Bagdadi.

See Lebanese Civil War and Out of Life

Pahlavi Iran

The Imperial State of Iran, officially the Imperial State of Persia until 1935, and commonly referred to as Pahlavi Iran, was the Iranian state under the rule of the Pahlavi dynasty.

See Lebanese Civil War and Pahlavi Iran

Palestine Liberation Army

The Palestine Liberation Army (PLA; translit) is ostensibly the military wing of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), set up at the 1964 Arab League summit held in Alexandria, Egypt, with the mission of fighting Israel.

See Lebanese Civil War and Palestine Liberation Army

Palestine Liberation Organization

The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية) is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people; i.e. the globally dispersed population, not just those in the Palestinian territories who are represented by the Palestinian Authority.

See Lebanese Civil War and Palestine Liberation Organization

Palestinian Christians

Palestinian Christians (مَسِيحِيُّون فِلَسْطِينِيُّون) are a religious community of the Palestinian people consisting of those who identify as Christians, including those who are cultural Christians in addition to those who actively adhere to Christianity.

See Lebanese Civil War and Palestinian Christians

Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon

The Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon was a multi-sided armed conflict initiated by Palestinian militants against Israel in 1968 and against Lebanese Christian militias in the mid-1970s. Lebanese Civil War and Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon are wars involving Israel.

See Lebanese Civil War and Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon

Palestinian Liberation Front

The Palestinian Liberation Front (جبهة التحرير الفلسطينية, PLF) is a Palestinian political faction.

See Lebanese Civil War and Palestinian Liberation Front

Palestinian National Salvation Front

The Palestinian National Salvation Front (جبهة الانقاذ الوطني الفلسطيني) (PNSF) was a coalition of Palestinian factions.

See Lebanese Civil War and Palestinian National Salvation Front

Palestinians

Palestinians (al-Filasṭīniyyūn) or Palestinian people (label), also referred to as Palestinian Arabs (label), are an Arab ethnonational group native to Palestine.

See Lebanese Civil War and Palestinians

Palestinians in Lebanon

Palestinians in Lebanon include the Palestinian refugees who fled to Lebanon during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, their descendants, the Palestinian militias which resided in Lebanon in the 1970s and 1980s, and Palestinian nationals who moved to Lebanon from countries experiencing conflict, such as Syria.

See Lebanese Civil War and Palestinians in Lebanon

Pan-Arabism

Pan-Arabism (al-wiḥda al-ʿarabīyyah) is a pan-nationalist ideology that espouses the unification of all Arab people in a single nation-state, consisting of all Arab countries of West Asia and North Africa from the Atlantic Ocean to the Arabian Sea, which is referred to as the Arab world.

See Lebanese Civil War and Pan-Arabism

Parliament of Lebanon

The Lebanese Parliament (translit, English "House of Representatives", Parlement Libanais) is the national parliament of the Republic of Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Parliament of Lebanon

People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)

The People's Liberation Army – PLA (Arabic: جيش التحرير الشعبي | Jayish al-Tahrir al-Sha'aby), also known as the Armée populaire de libération (APL) in French or Forces of the Martyr Kamal Jumblatt (Arabic: قوات الشهيد كمال جنبلاط | Quwwat al-Shahid Kamal Junblat), was the military wing of the left-wing Druze Progressive Socialist Party (PSP), which fought in the Lebanese Civil War. Lebanese Civil War and People's Liberation Army (Lebanon) are Lebanese National Movement.

See Lebanese Civil War and People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)

Phalanx bone

The phalanges (phalanx) are digital bones in the hands and feet of most vertebrates.

See Lebanese Civil War and Phalanx bone

Philip C. Habib

Philip Charles Habib (February 25, 1920 – May 25, 1992) was an American career diplomat active from 1949 to 1987.

See Lebanese Civil War and Philip C. Habib

Philip K. Hitti

Philip Khuri Hitti (فيليب خوري حتي; 22 June 1886 – 24 December 1978) was a Lebanese-American professor and scholar at Princeton and Harvard University, and authority on Arab and Middle Eastern history, Islam, and Semitic languages.

See Lebanese Civil War and Philip K. Hitti

Pierre Gemayel

Pierre Amine Gemayel, also spelled Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil (بيار الجميّل.; 6 November 1905 – 29 August 1984), was a Lebanese political leader.

See Lebanese Civil War and Pierre Gemayel

Political thriller

A political thriller is a thriller that is set against the backdrop of a political power struggle, high stakes and suspense is the core of the story.

See Lebanese Civil War and Political thriller

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP; translit) is a secular Palestinian Marxist–Leninist and revolutionary socialist organization founded in 1967 by George Habash.

See Lebanese Civil War and Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine

Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command

The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command (الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين – القيادة العامة) or PFLP-GC is a Palestinian nationalist militant organisation based in Syria.

See Lebanese Civil War and Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command

Popular Nasserist Organization

The Popular Nasserist Organization – PNO (translit) is a Sidon-based Nasserist party originally formed in 1973 by Maarouf Saad, a Sunni Muslim pan-Arab politician and member of Parliament (MP) later killed by the Lebanese Army during a February 1975 dock strike held in that port city.

See Lebanese Civil War and Popular Nasserist Organization

President of Lebanon

The president of the Lebanese Republic (Ra’īs al-Jumhūriyyah al-Lubnāniyyah) is the head of state of Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and President of Lebanon

Prime Minister of Lebanon

The prime minister of Lebanon, officially the president of the Council of Ministers, is the head of government and the head of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Prime Minister of Lebanon

Progressive Socialist Party

The Progressive Socialist Party (translit) is a Lebanese political party. Lebanese Civil War and Progressive Socialist Party are Lebanese National Movement.

See Lebanese Civil War and Progressive Socialist Party

Quisling

Quisling is a term used in Scandinavian languages and in English to mean a citizen or politician of an occupied country who collaborates with an enemy occupying force – or more generally as a synonym for traitor or collaborator.

See Lebanese Civil War and Quisling

Rafael Eitan

Rafael "Raful" Eitan (רפאל "רפול" איתן; 11 January 1929 – 23 November 2004) was an Israeli general, former Chief of Staff of the Israel Defense Forces (Ramatkal) and later a politician, a Knesset member, and government minister.

See Lebanese Civil War and Rafael Eitan

Rafic Hariri

Rafic Bahaa El Deen al-Hariri (translit; 1 November 1944 – 14 February 2005), also known as Rafiq al-Hariri, was a Lebanese businessman and politician, who served as the Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2000 until he resigned on, before his assassination in 2005.

See Lebanese Civil War and Rafic Hariri

Rageh Omaar

Rageh Omaar (Raage Oomaar; راجح اومار; born 19 July 1967) is a Somali-born British journalist and writer.

See Lebanese Civil War and Rageh Omaar

Ragheb Harb

Ragheb Harb (راغب حرب; 1952–1984) was a Lebanese leader and Muslim cleric.

See Lebanese Civil War and Ragheb Harb

Rashaya

Rashaya, Rachaya, Rashaiya, Rashayya or Rachaiya (راشيا), also known as Rashaya al-Wadi or Rachaya el-Wadi (and variations), is a town of the Rashaya District in the west of the Beqaa Government of Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Rashaya

Rashid Karami

Rashid Karami (رشيد كرامي; 30 December 1921 – 1 June 1987) was a Lebanese statesman.

See Lebanese Civil War and Rashid Karami

Refugee camp

A refugee camp is a temporary settlement built to receive refugees and people in refugee-like situations.

See Lebanese Civil War and Refugee camp

René Moawad

René Moawad (رينيه معوض; 17 April 1925 – 22 November 1989) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 9th president of Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and René Moawad

Reuters

Reuters is a news agency owned by Thomson Reuters.

See Lebanese Civil War and Reuters

Revolutionary Communist Group (Lebanon)

The Revolutionary Communist Group (RCG; Arabic: المجموعة الشيوعية الثورية | Tajammu' al-Shuyu'i al-Thawri) is a Trotskyist organisation in Lebanon, associated with the reunified Fourth International. Lebanese Civil War and Revolutionary Communist Group (Lebanon) are Lebanese National Movement.

See Lebanese Civil War and Revolutionary Communist Group (Lebanon)

Riyadh

Riyadh (ar-Riyāḍ) is the capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia.

See Lebanese Civil War and Riyadh

Roadblock

A roadblock is a temporary installation set up to control or block traffic along a road.

See Lebanese Civil War and Roadblock

Robert Fisk

Robert William Fisk (12 July 194630 October 2020) was an English writer and journalist.

See Lebanese Civil War and Robert Fisk

Robert Munsch

Robert Norman Munsch (born June 11, 1945) is an American-Canadian children's author.

See Lebanese Civil War and Robert Munsch

Romania

Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeast Europe.

See Lebanese Civil War and Romania

Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th president of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

See Lebanese Civil War and Ronald Reagan

Royal Jordanian Army

The Royal Jordanian Army (Arabic: القوّات البرية الاردنيّة) is the ground force branch of the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF).

See Lebanese Civil War and Royal Jordanian Army

Ruhollah Khomeini

Ayatollah Ruhollah Musavi Khomeini (17 May 1900 or 24 September 19023 June 1989) was an Iranian Islamic revolutionary, politician, and religious leader who served as the first supreme leader of Iran from 1979 until his death in 1989.

See Lebanese Civil War and Ruhollah Khomeini

Saad Haddad

Saad Haddad (سعد حداد; 1936 – 14 January 1984) was a Lebanese military officer who was the founder and head of the South Lebanon Army (SLA) during the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Saad Haddad

Sabra and Shatila massacre

The Sabra and Shatila massacre was the 16–18 September 1982 killing of between 1,300 and 3,500 civiliansmostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiasin the city of Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Sabra and Shatila massacre

Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein (28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was an Iraqi politician and revolutionary who served as the fifth president of Iraq from 1979 to 2003.

See Lebanese Civil War and Saddam Hussein

Safra massacre

The Safra massacre, or the Day of the Long Knives, occurred in the coastal town of Safra (north of Beirut) on 7 July 1980, during the Lebanese civil war, as part of Bashir Gemayel's effort to consolidate all the Christian fighters under his leadership in the Lebanese Forces.

See Lebanese Civil War and Safra massacre

Saleh Barakat

Saleh Barakat (born in 1969 in Beirut, Lebanon) is a Lebanese art expert, gallery owner and curator.

See Lebanese Civil War and Saleh Barakat

Salim Al-Huss

Salim Ahmad al-Huss (translit; born 20 December 1929) also spelled Selim El-Hoss, is a Lebanese politician who served as the prime minister of Lebanon and a longtime Member of Parliament representing his hometown, Beirut.

See Lebanese Civil War and Salim Al-Huss

Samir Geagea

Samir Farid Geagea (سمير فريد جعجع,, also spelled Samir Ja'ja'; born 25 October 1952) is a Lebanese politician and former militia commander who has been the leader of the Lebanese Forces party and former militia since 1986.

See Lebanese Civil War and Samir Geagea

Saudi Arabia

Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East.

See Lebanese Civil War and Saudi Arabia

SAVAK

The Bureau for Intelligence and Security of the State (Sāzmān-e Ettelā'āt va Amniyat-e Keshvar), shortened to as SAVAK (ساواک) or S.A.V.A.K. (س.ا.و.ا.ک) was the secret police of the Imperial State of Iran.

See Lebanese Civil War and SAVAK

Secularism

Secularism is the principle of seeking to conduct human affairs based on naturalistic considerations, uninvolved with religion.

See Lebanese Civil War and Secularism

Shafik Wazzan

Shafik Al-Wazzan (شفيق الوزان, January 16, 1925 – July 8, 1999) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 27th Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1980 until 1984.

See Lebanese Civil War and Shafik Wazzan

Shatila refugee camp

The Shatila refugee camp (مخيمشاتيلا), also known as the Chatila refugee camp, is a settlement originally set up for Palestinian refugees in 1949.

See Lebanese Civil War and Shatila refugee camp

Shia Islam

Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.

See Lebanese Civil War and Shia Islam

Shia Islamism

Shia Islamism is the usage of Shia Islam in politics.

See Lebanese Civil War and Shia Islamism

Shia–Sunni relations

After the death of Muhammad in 632, a group of Muslims, who would come to be known as the Sunnis, believed that Muhammad's successor as caliph of the Islamic community should be Abu Bakr, whereas a second group of Muslims, who would come to be known as the Shias, believed that his successor should have been Ali ibn Abi Talib.

See Lebanese Civil War and Shia–Sunni relations

Shimon Peres

Shimon Peres (שמעון פרס; born Szymon Perski,; 2 August 1923 – 28 September 2016) was an Israeli politician and statesman who served as the eighth prime minister of Israel from 1984 to 1986 and from 1995 to 1996 and as the ninth president of Israel from 2007 to 2014.

See Lebanese Civil War and Shimon Peres

Shlomo Argov

Shlomo Argov (שלמה ארגוב; 14 December 1929 – 23 February 2003) was an Israeli diplomat.

See Lebanese Civil War and Shlomo Argov

Shuraya Party

The Shuraya Party (Syriac: ܫܘܖܝܐ Arabic: حزب شوريا) is a political organisation that represents the Christian Assyrian community in Lebanon since the late 1970s.

See Lebanese Civil War and Shuraya Party

Sidon

Sidon or Saida (Ṣaydā) is the third-largest city in Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Sidon

Siege of Beirut

During the 1982 Lebanon War, the city of Beirut was besieged by Israel following the breakdown of the ceasefire that had been imposed by the United Nations amidst the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Siege of Beirut

Simon & Schuster

Simon & Schuster LLC is an American publishing company owned by Kohlberg Kravis Roberts.

See Lebanese Civil War and Simon & Schuster

Sixth of February Movement

The Sixth of February Movement or '6th FM' (Arabic: حركة السادس من فبراير | Harakat al-Sadis min Fibrayir) was a small, predominantly Sunni Nasserist political party and militia active in Lebanon from the early 1970s to the mid-1980s. Lebanese Civil War and Sixth of February Movement are Lebanese National Movement.

See Lebanese Civil War and Sixth of February Movement

Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party

The Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party (Arabic: حزب طليعة لبنان العربي الاشتراكي Hizb Al-Taliyeh Lubnan Al-'Arabi Al-Ishtiraki) is a political party in Lebanon. Lebanese Civil War and Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party are Lebanese National Movement.

See Lebanese Civil War and Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party

Souha Bechara

Souha Bechara (born 15 June 1967) is a Lebanese former prisoner at the Khiam detention center.

See Lebanese Civil War and Souha Bechara

South Lebanon Army

The South Lebanon Army or South Lebanese Army (SLA; جيش لبنان الجنوبي), also known as the Lahad Army (label) or as the De Facto Forces (DFF), was a Christian-dominated militia in Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and South Lebanon Army

South Lebanon security belt administration

The South Lebanon security belt administration was a local provisional governance body in South Lebanon, in the South Lebanon security belt areas.

See Lebanese Civil War and South Lebanon security belt administration

Southern Lebanon

Southern Lebanon is the area of Lebanon comprising the South Governorate and the Nabatiye Governorate.

See Lebanese Civil War and Southern Lebanon

Soviet Union

The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991.

See Lebanese Civil War and Soviet Union

State of Free Lebanon

The State of Free Lebanon (دولة لبنان الحرة) was an unrecognized separatist country in Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and State of Free Lebanon

Subhi al-Tufayli

Subhi al-Tufayli (صبحي الطفيلي; born 1948) was a senior Lebanese Shi'ite cleric and politician who founded the Hezbollah militant group in 1982 and was its first Secretary-General from 1989 until 1991.

See Lebanese Civil War and Subhi al-Tufayli

Suez Crisis

The Suez Crisis or the Second Arab–Israeli War, also referred to as the Tripartite Aggression in the Arab world and as the Sinai War in Israel, was a British–French–Israeli invasion of Egypt in 1956. Lebanese Civil War and Suez Crisis are wars involving Israel.

See Lebanese Civil War and Suez Crisis

Suleiman Frangieh

Suleiman Kabalan Frangieh (last name also spelled Frangié, Franjieh, or Franjiyeh;; 15 June 1910 – 23 July 1992) was a Pro-Syrian Lebanese politician who was President of Lebanon from 1970 to 1976.

See Lebanese Civil War and Suleiman Frangieh

Surface-to-air missile

A surface-to-air missile (SAM), also known as a ground-to-air missile (GTAM) or surface-to-air guided weapon (SAGW), is a missile designed to be launched from the ground or the sea to destroy aircraft or other missiles.

See Lebanese Civil War and Surface-to-air missile

Synth-pop

Synth-pop (short for synthesizer pop; also called techno-pop) is a music genre that first became prominent in the late 1970s and features the synthesizer as the dominant musical instrument.

See Lebanese Civil War and Synth-pop

Syria

Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.

See Lebanese Civil War and Syria

Syria (region)

Syria (Hieroglyphic Luwian: Sura/i; Συρία; ܣܘܪܝܐ) or Sham (Ash-Shām) is a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in West Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant.

See Lebanese Civil War and Syria (region)

Syrian Air Force

The Syrian Air Force (SyAF or SAF), officially the Syrian Arab Air Force (SyAAF or SAAF; al-Quwwāt al-Jawwīyah al-ʿArabīyah as-Sūrīyah), is the air force branch of the Syrian Armed Forces.

See Lebanese Civil War and Syrian Air Force

Syrian Armed Forces

The Syrian Arab Armed Forces (SAAF; al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥah al-ʿArabīyah as-Sūrīyah) are the military forces of the Syrian Arab Republic.

See Lebanese Civil War and Syrian Armed Forces

Syrian Army

The Syrian Army (SyA or SA), officially the Syrian Arab Army (SyAA or SAA) (al-Jayš al-ʿArabī as-Sūrī), is the land force branch of the Syrian Armed Forces.

See Lebanese Civil War and Syrian Army

Syrian civil war

The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors. Lebanese Civil War and Syrian civil war are civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia, Iran–Israel proxy conflict, proxy wars, Shia–Sunni sectarian violence, wars involving Hezbollah, wars involving Iran, wars involving Israel and wars involving Syria.

See Lebanese Civil War and Syrian civil war

Syrian occupation of Lebanon

The Syrian occupation of Lebanon (Arabic: الاحتلال السوري للبنان) lasted from 1976, beginning with the Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, until April 30, 2005. Lebanese Civil War and Syrian occupation of Lebanon are 1970s in Lebanon, 1980s in Lebanon and 1990s in Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Syrian occupation of Lebanon

Syrian Social Nationalist Party

The Syrian Social Nationalist Party (SSNP; الحزب القومي السوري الإجتماعي) is a Syrian nationalist party operating in Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Palestine.

See Lebanese Civil War and Syrian Social Nationalist Party

Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon

The Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon (SSNP-L) is a Syrian nationalist party operating in Lebanon. Lebanese Civil War and Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon are Lebanese National Movement, Lebanese National Resistance Front and Syrian Social Nationalist Party.

See Lebanese Civil War and Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon

Taif

Taif (اَلطَّائِفُ|translit.

See Lebanese Civil War and Taif

Taif Agreement

The Taif Agreement (اتفاق الطائف, Accord de Taëf), officially known as the (وثيقة الوفاق الوطني), was reached to provide "the basis for the ending of the civil war and the return to political normalcy in Lebanon".

See Lebanese Civil War and Taif Agreement

Tel al-Zaatar massacre

The Tel al-Zaatar massacre was an attack on Tel al-Zaatar (meaning Hill of Thyme in Arabic), a UNRWA-administered refugee camp housing Palestinian refugees in northeastern Beirut, that ended on August 12, 1976 with the massacre of 1,500Lisa Suhair Majaj, Paula W. Sunderman, and Therese Saliba Intersections Syracuse University Press p.

See Lebanese Civil War and Tel al-Zaatar massacre

The Fateful Triangle

The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians is a 1983 book by Noam Chomsky about the relationship between the US, Israel and Palestine.

See Lebanese Civil War and The Fateful Triangle

The Human League

The Human League is an English synth-pop band formed in Sheffield in 1977.

See Lebanese Civil War and The Human League

The Lebanon (song)

"The Lebanon" is a song by English synth-pop band the Human League, released as a single in April 1984.

See Lebanese Civil War and The Lebanon (song)

The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

See Lebanese Civil War and The New York Times

The Vortices of Wrath (Lebanon 1977)

The Vortices of Wrath (Lebanon 1977) is a triptych painted by Nabil Kanso in 1977.

See Lebanese Civil War and The Vortices of Wrath (Lebanon 1977)

The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

See Lebanese Civil War and The Washington Post

Tigers Militia

The Tigers militia (نمور الأحرار, transliterated: Numur al-Ahrar), also known as NLP Tigers, Tigers of the Liberals (نمور الليبراليين‎, transliterated: Numur al-Liybiraliyyn) or PNL "Lionceaux" in French, was the military wing of the National Liberal Party (NLP) during the Lebanese Civil War between 1975 and 1990. Lebanese Civil War and Tigers Militia are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Tigers Militia

Time (magazine)

Time (stylized in all caps as TIME) is an American news magazine based in New York City.

See Lebanese Civil War and Time (magazine)

Tony Frangieh

Antoine "Tony" Suleiman Frangieh (1 September 1941 – 13 June 1978) was a Lebanese politician and militia commander during the early years of the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Tony Frangieh

Tripartite Accord (Lebanon)

The Tripartite Accord of 1985 was a short-lived agreement between the three major Lebanese feuding factions, signed in Damascus, Syria, to end the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and Tripartite Accord (Lebanon)

Tripoli, Lebanon

Tripoli (طَرَابُلُس) is the largest and most important city in northern Lebanon and the second-largest city in the country.

See Lebanese Civil War and Tripoli, Lebanon

Tunis

Tunis (تونس) is the capital and largest city of Tunisia.

See Lebanese Civil War and Tunis

Tunisia

Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa.

See Lebanese Civil War and Tunisia

TWA Flight 847

TWA Flight 847 was a regularly scheduled Trans World Airlines flight from Cairo to San Diego with en route stops in Athens, Rome, Boston, and Los Angeles.

See Lebanese Civil War and TWA Flight 847

Tyous Team of Commandos

The Tyous Team of Commandos – TTC (فريق التيوس من المغاوير| Fariq Tyous min' al-Maghawir) or simply Tyous for short ('Tyous' means 'Male Goat' in Arabic, also translated as the "Stubborn Ones"; "Les Têtus", "Les Obstinés" in French), was a small far-right Christian militia which fought in the 1975–78 phase of the Lebanese Civil War. Lebanese Civil War and Tyous Team of Commandos are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Tyous Team of Commandos

United Arab Republic

The United Arab Republic (UAR; translit) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1961.

See Lebanese Civil War and United Arab Republic

United Nations

The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.

See Lebanese Civil War and United Nations

United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon

The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (قوة الأممالمتحدة المؤقتة في لبنان, כוח האו"ם הזמני בלבנון), or UNIFIL (يونيفيل, יוניפי״ל), is a UN peacekeeping mission established on 19 March 1978 by United Nations Security Council Resolutions 425 and 426, to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon which Israel had invaded five days prior, in order to ensure that the government of Lebanon would restore its effective authority in the area.

See Lebanese Civil War and United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon

United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine

The United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine was a proposal by the United Nations, which recommended a partition of Mandatory Palestine at the end of the British Mandate.

See Lebanese Civil War and United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine

United Nations Security Council

The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.

See Lebanese Civil War and United Nations Security Council

United Nations Security Council Resolution 425

United Nations Security Council Resolution 425, adopted on 19 March 1978, five days after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in the context of Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon and the Lebanese Civil War, called on Israel to withdraw immediately its forces from Lebanon and established the United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon (UNIFIL).

See Lebanese Civil War and United Nations Security Council Resolution 425

United Nations Security Council Resolution 508

United Nations Security Council resolution 508, adopted unanimously on 5 June 1982, after recalling previous resolutions including 425 (1978), 426 (1978) and 501 (1982), demanded an end of foreign hostilities taking place on Lebanese territory between the Palestinian Liberation Organization and Israel.

See Lebanese Civil War and United Nations Security Council Resolution 508

United Nations Security Council Resolution 509

United Nations Security Council resolution 509, adopted unanimously on 6 June 1982, after recalling previous resolutions on the topic including 425 (1978) and 508 (1982), the Council expressed concern and demanded Israel unconditionally withdraw all its military forces from Lebanon back to its internationally recognised border.

See Lebanese Civil War and United Nations Security Council Resolution 509

United States Marine Corps

The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combined arms, implementing its own infantry, artillery, aerial, and special operations forces.

See Lebanese Civil War and United States Marine Corps

USS New Jersey (BB-62)

USS New Jersey (BB-62) is an, and was the second ship of the United States Navy to be named after the U.S. state of New Jersey.

See Lebanese Civil War and USS New Jersey (BB-62)

Vanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad)

The Vanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad) – VMA (MDJ) (Arabic: طليعة جيش المعاني (حركة الجهاد الدرزي) | Taleat Jayish al-Maani (Harakat al-Jihad al-Duruzi)) was a predominantly Druze splinter faction of the Lebanese Army that came to play a role in the 1975–77 phase of the Lebanese Civil War. Lebanese Civil War and Vanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad) are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Vanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad)

Vichy France

Vichy France (Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State (État français), was the French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.

See Lebanese Civil War and Vichy France

Walid Jumblatt

Walid Kamal Jumblatt (translit; born 7 August 1949) is a Lebanese politician who was the leader of the Progressive Socialist Party from 1977 until 2023.

See Lebanese Civil War and Walid Jumblatt

Waltz with Bashir

Waltz with Bashir (ואלס עם באשיר, translit. Vals Im Bashir) is a 2008 Israeli adult animated war docudrama film written, produced, and directed by Ari Folman.

See Lebanese Civil War and Waltz with Bashir

War of Brothers

The War of Brothers (حرب الأخوة; Harb al-Ikhwa) was a period of violent armed clashes between rivals Amal and Hezbollah, Lebanon's main Shiite militia movements, during the final stages of the Lebanese Civil War. Lebanese Civil War and war of Brothers are Amal Movement and wars involving Hezbollah.

See Lebanese Civil War and War of Brothers

War of Liberation (1989–1990)

The War of Liberation (Arabic: حرب التحرير) was a sub-conflict within the final phase of the Lebanese Civil War between 1989 and 1990, in which the Lebanese Army loyal to General and Prime Minister Michel Aoun, appointed by previous President Amine Gemayel and headquartered in eastern Beirut, fought against the western Beirut-based Syrian Armed Forces and the Lebanese Army loyal to President Elias Hrawi and Prime Minister Selim Hoss, appointed by the Taif Agreement.

See Lebanese Civil War and War of Liberation (1989–1990)

War of the Camps

The War of the Camps (Arabic: حرب المعسكرات|Harb al-Mukhayimat), was a subconflict within the 1984–1990 phase of the Lebanese Civil War, in which the Palestinian refugee camps in Beirut were besieged by the Shia Amal militia. Lebanese Civil War and war of the Camps are wars involving Hezbollah.

See Lebanese Civil War and War of the Camps

Washington Report on Middle East Affairs

The Washington Report on Middle East Affairs (also known as The Washington Report and WRMEA) is an American foreign policy magazine that focuses on the Middle East and U.S. policy in the region.

See Lebanese Civil War and Washington Report on Middle East Affairs

Wayne State University Press

Wayne State University Press (or WSU Press) is a university press that is part of Wayne State University.

See Lebanese Civil War and Wayne State University Press

West Germany

West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) from its formation on 23 May 1949 until the reunification with East Germany on 3 October 1990. The Cold War-era country is sometimes known as the Bonn Republic (Bonner Republik) after its capital city of Bonn. During the Cold War, the western portion of Germany and the associated territory of West Berlin were parts of the Western Bloc.

See Lebanese Civil War and West Germany

Western world

The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.

See Lebanese Civil War and Western world

William Hawi

William Amine Hawi (also written: William Haoui, وليمأمين حاوي; September 5, 1908 – July 13, 1976) was a Lebanese commander of the Kataeb Party (الكتائب اللبنانية) better known in English as the Phalange, a right-wing Christian political party in Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and William Hawi

William O'Callaghan (Irish Army officer)

Lieutenant General William "Bull" O'Callaghan, BSD (Liam Ó Céallachgáin; 3 July 1921 – 26 December 2015) was an Irish Army officer.

See Lebanese Civil War and William O'Callaghan (Irish Army officer)

World War I

World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.

See Lebanese Civil War and World War I

World War II

World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers. Lebanese Civil War and World War II are wars involving Iran, wars involving Lebanon and wars involving Syria.

See Lebanese Civil War and World War II

Yasser Arafat

Yasser Arafat (4 or 24 August 1929 – 11 November 2004), also popularly known by his kunya Abu Ammar, was a Palestinian political leader.

See Lebanese Civil War and Yasser Arafat

Yezid Sayigh

Yezid Sayigh (يزيد صايغ) (born 1955) is a Palestinian academic.

See Lebanese Civil War and Yezid Sayigh

Zahlé

Zahlé (زَحْلة) is a city in eastern Lebanon, and is the capital and the largest city of Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Zahlé

Zahliote Group

The Zahliote Group – ZG (Arabic: مجموعة زحلوتي | Majmueat Zhlouty) or Groupement Zahliote (GZ) in French, was a small Lebanese Christian militia raised in the Greek Catholic town of Zahlé in the Beqaa Valley, which fought in the Lebanese Civil War from 1975 to 1981. Lebanese Civil War and Zahliote Group are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Zahliote Group

Zgharta

Zgharta (زغرتا, ܙܓܪܬܐ), also spelled Zghorta, is a city in North Lebanon, with an estimated population of around 50,000.

See Lebanese Civil War and Zgharta

Zgharta District

Zgharta District (زغرتا) is a district (qadaa) of the North Governorate, northern Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and Zgharta District

Zgharta Liberation Army

The Zgharta Liberation Army – ZLA (Jayish Tahrir Zaghrita), also known as Zghartawi Liberation Army, was the paramilitary branch of the Lebanese Marada Movement during the Lebanese Civil War. The militia was formed in 1967 by the future President of Lebanon and za'im Suleiman Frangieh as the Marada Brigade (also translated as Mardaite Brigade) seven years before the war began. Lebanese Civil War and Zgharta Liberation Army are Lebanese Front.

See Lebanese Civil War and Zgharta Liberation Army

1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus

The 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus, also known as the 1860 Syrian Civil War and the 1860 Christian–Druze war, was a civil conflict in Mount Lebanon during Ottoman rule in 1860–1861 fought mainly between the local Druze and Christians.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus

1914–1918 Online

1914–1918 Online: International Encyclopedia of the First World War is an international, English-language online encyclopedia of the First World War.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1914–1918 Online

1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine

The 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine was the first phase of the 1947–1949 Palestine war. Lebanese Civil War and 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine are civil wars involving the states and peoples of Asia and civil wars of the 20th century.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine

1948 Arab–Israeli War

The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, also known as the First Arab–Israeli War, followed the civil war in Mandatory Palestine as the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war. Lebanese Civil War and 1948 Arab–Israeli War are wars involving Israel and wars involving Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1948 Arab–Israeli War

1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight

In the 1948 Palestine war, more than 700,000 Palestinian Arabs – about half of Mandatory Palestine's predominantly Arab population – were expelled or fled from their homes, at first by Zionist paramilitaries, and after the establishment of Israel, by its military.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight

1958 Lebanon crisis

The 1958 Lebanon crisis was a political crisis in Lebanon caused by political and religious tensions in the country that included a United States military intervention. Lebanese Civil War and 1958 Lebanon crisis are proxy wars.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1958 Lebanon crisis

1967 Palestinian exodus

The 1967 Palestinian exodus or Naksa (literally "setback") refers to the flight of around 280,000 to 325,000 Palestinians out of the territories captured by Israel during and in the aftermath of the Six-Day War, including the razing of numerous Palestinian villages such as Imwas, Yalo, Bayt Nuba, Surit, Beit Awwa, Beit Mirsem, Shuyukh, Al-Jiftlik, Agarith and Huseirat, as well as the "emptying" of the refugee camps of Aqabat Jaber and ʿEin as-Sultan.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1967 Palestinian exodus

1975 Beirut bus massacre

The 1975 Beirut bus massacre (مجزرة بوسطة عين الرمانة,مجزرة عين الرمانة), also known as the Ain el-Rammaneh incident and the Black Sunday, was the collective name given to a short series of armed clashes involving Phalangist and Palestinian elements in the streets of central Beirut, which is commonly presented as the spark that set off the Lebanese Civil War in the mid-1970s.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1975 Beirut bus massacre

1976 Arab League summit (Riyadh)

The 1976 Arab League summit was held on October 16 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, as an extraordinary Arab League Summit.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1976 Arab League summit (Riyadh)

1978 South Lebanon conflict

The 1978 South Lebanon conflict (codenamed Operation Litani by Israel) began after Israel invaded southern Lebanon up to the Litani River in March 1978, in response to the Coastal Road massacre near Tel Aviv by Lebanon-based Palestinian militants.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1978 South Lebanon conflict

1982 Lebanon War

The 1982 Lebanon War began on 6 June 1982, when Israel invaded southern Lebanon. Lebanese Civil War and 1982 Lebanon War are wars involving Israel and wars involving Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1982 Lebanon War

1983 Beirut barracks bombings

On October 23, 1983, two truck bombs were detonated at buildings in Beirut, Lebanon, housing American and French Servicemen of the Multinational Force in Lebanon (MNF), a military peacekeeping operation during the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1983 Beirut barracks bombings

1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut

The April 18, 1983, United States embassy bombing was a suicide bombing in Beirut, Lebanon, that killed 32 Lebanese, 17 Americans, and 14 visitors and passers-by.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut

1984 US embassy bombing in Beirut

On September 20, 1984, the Shi'a Islamic militant group Hezbollah, with support and direction from the Islamic Republic of Iran, carried out a suicide car bombing targeting the U.S. embassy annex in East Beirut, Lebanon during the Lebanese Civil War.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1984 US embassy bombing in Beirut

1985 Beirut car bombings

On 8 March 1985, a car bomb exploded between 9 and 45 metres from the house of Shia cleric Sayyed Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah in Beirut, Lebanon, in a failed assassination attempt by a Lebanese counter-terrorism unit linked to the Central Intelligence Agency.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1985 Beirut car bombings

1986 United States bombing of Libya

The United States Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps carried out air strikes, code-named Operation El Dorado Canyon, against Libya on 15 April 1986 in retaliation for the West Berlin discotheque bombing ten days earlier, which U.S. President Ronald Reagan blamed on Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1986 United States bombing of Libya

1991 Cannes Film Festival

The 44th Cannes Film Festival was held from 9 to 20 May 1991.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1991 Cannes Film Festival

1992 Lebanese general election

General elections were held in Lebanon between 23 August and 11 October 1992, the first since 1972.

See Lebanese Civil War and 1992 Lebanese general election

2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict

The 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict was a low-level border conflict between Israel and Hezbollah for control of Shebaa Farms, a disputed territory located on the Golan Heights–Lebanon border. Lebanese Civil War and 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict are Iran–Israel proxy conflict.

See Lebanese Civil War and 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict

2006 Lebanon War

The 2006 Lebanon War, also called the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah War and known in Lebanon as the July War (حرب تموز, Ḥarb Tammūz) and in Israel as the Second Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון השנייה, Milhemet Levanon HaShniya), was a 34-day military conflict in Lebanon, northern Israel and the Golan Heights. Lebanese Civil War and 2006 Lebanon War are Iran–Israel proxy conflict, wars involving Hezbollah, wars involving Israel and wars involving Lebanon.

See Lebanese Civil War and 2006 Lebanon War

See also

1970s conflicts

• 1972–1975 Bangladesh insurgency
• Afghanistan–Pakistan border skirmishes
• Angolan Civil War
• Angolan War of Independence
• Arab Cold War
• Basque conflict
• Cabinda War
• Cambodian Conflict (1979–1998)
• Cambodian–Vietnamese War
• Chadian Civil War (1965–1979)
• Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
• Corsican conflict
• Cypriot intercommunal violence
• Cyprus problem
• East Timor genocide
• Ethiopian Civil War
• FULRO insurgency
• Guatemalan Civil War
• Insurgency in Northeast India
• Inter-Christian conflicts in Lebanon
• Lebanese Civil War
• Lists of allied military operations of the Vietnam War
• Mexican Dirty War
• Naxalite–Maoist insurgency
• Oromo conflict
• Papua conflict
• Portuguese Colonial War
• Qatif conflict
• Rhodesian Bush War
• Sahrawi insurgency
• South African Border War
• Soviet–Afghan War
• The Troubles
• The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
• Third Indochina War
• Timeline of the Moro conflict
• Vietnam War
• Western Sahara War
• Years of Lead (Italy)

1970s in Lebanon

• Lebanese Civil War
• Syrian occupation of Lebanon

1980s in Lebanon

• Iron Fist policy
• Lebanese Civil War
• Multinational Force in Lebanon
• South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
• Syrian occupation of Lebanon

1990s in Lebanon

• 1993 in Lebanon
• Beau Rivage (Beirut)
• Lebanese Civil War
• Lebanese–Syrian Security Apparatus
• South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)
• Syrian occupation of Lebanon

Amal Movement

• Amal Movement
• Development and Liberation
• Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)
• Lebanese Civil War
• Lebanese Resistance Regiments
• War of Brothers

Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia

• 1980 Turkish Consulate attack in Lyon
• 1981 Turkish consulate attack in Paris
• 1983 Orly Airport attack
• Alexander Yenikomshian
• Ankara Esenboğa Airport attack
• Armenian Secret Army for the Liberation of Armenia
• Artin Penik
• Assassination of Galip Ozmen
• Bombing of French consulate in West Berlin
• Hagop Hagopian (militant)
• James Karnusian
• Kevork Ajemian
• Lebanese Civil War
• List of Turkish diplomats assassinated by Armenian militant organisations
• List of attacks by ASALA
• New Armenian Resistance Group
• Varoujan Garabedian

History of the Palestine Liberation Organization

• 1974 Arab League summit
• Achille Lauro hijacking
• Air Bissau
• Battle of Amman (1970)
• Black September
• Cairo Agreement (1969)
• Crisis of Sigonella
• Freedom and Social Justice
• History of Fatah
• Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition
• Jordanian annexation of the West Bank
• King Hussein's federation plan
• Lebanese Civil War
• Operation Wooden Leg
• PLO in Lebanon
• Palestinian Declaration of Independence
• Palestinian National Alliance
• People's Republic of Tyre
• Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – External Operations
• Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – Special Command
• Popular Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Palestine
• Rejectionist Front
• Seven-point agreement (Jordan)
• Sol Phryne
• Steadfastness and Confrontation Front

Lebanese Front

• Al-Tanzim
• Battle of Qnat
• East Beirut canton
• Guardians of the Cedars
• Kataeb Party
• Kataeb Regulatory Forces
• Lebanese Civil War
• Lebanese Forces
• Lebanese Forces (militia)
• Lebanese Front
• Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG)
• Marada Movement
• National Liberal Party (Lebanon)
• Tigers Militia
• Tyous Team of Commandos
• Vanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad)
• Young Men (Lebanon)
• Zahliote Group
• Zgharta Liberation Army

Lebanese National Movement

• 24 October Movement
• Al-Mourabitoun
• Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region
• Communist Action Organization in Lebanon
• Knights of Ali
• Lebanese Arab Army
• Lebanese Civil War
• Lebanese Communist Party
• Lebanese Movement in Support of Fatah
• Lebanese National Movement
• People's Liberation Army (Lebanon)
• Popular Guard
• Progressive Socialist Party
• Revolutionary Communist Group (Lebanon)
• Sixth of February Movement
• Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party
• Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon
• Union of Working People's Forces-Corrective Movement

Lebanese National Resistance Front

• Arab Democratic Party (Lebanon)
• Arab Socialist Action Party – Lebanon
• Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region
• Communist Action Organization in Lebanon
• Lebanese Armed Revolutionary Factions
• Lebanese Civil War
• Lebanese Communist Party
• Lebanese Forces – Executive Command
• Lebanese National Resistance Front
• National Salvation Front (Lebanon)
• Popular Guard
• Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon
• Wimpy Operation

Syrian Social Nationalist Party

• 1961 Lebanese coup attempt
• 2008 Lebanon conflict
• Al Binaa
• Assassination of Bachir Gemayel
• Eagles of the Whirlwind
• Habib Shartouni
• Lebanese Civil War
• March 1949 Syrian coup d'état
• Popular Front for Change and Liberation
• Sana'a Mehaidli
• Syrian Social Nationalist Party
• Syrian Social Nationalist Party – Intifada Wing
• Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon
• Wimpy Operation

Wars involving Hezbollah

• 2006 Lebanon War
• 2008 Lebanon conflict
• Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war
• Hezbollah–Israel conflict
• Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)
• Israel–Hamas war
• Lebanese Civil War
• Syrian civil war
• War of Brothers
• War of the Camps
• War on terror

Wars involving Iran

• 1974–75 Shatt al-Arab conflict
• 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran
• Afghan Civil War (1996–2001)
• Anglo-Persian War
• Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran
• Antony's Atropatene campaign
• Dhofar War
• Greco-Persian Wars
• Houthi insurgency
• Iran and the Russian invasion of Ukraine
• Iran crisis of 1946
• Iran in the Iraq War
• Iran–Iraq War
• Iran–Israel proxy conflict
• Iran–PJAK conflict
• Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict
• Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)
• Iranian involvement in the Iraq War
• Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war
• Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
• Iraqi conflict
• Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
• Israel–Hamas war
• KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
• KDPI–Komala conflict
• Kurdish separatism in Iran
• Lebanese Civil War
• List of wars involving Iran
• Napoleonic Wars
• Ottoman–Persian Wars
• Persian campaign (World War I)
• Restoration of Tahmasp II to the Safavid throne
• Roman–Persian Wars
• Russo-Persian War (1826–1828)
• Russo-Persian Wars
• Shiraz expedition
• Syrian civil war
• War on terror
• Western Iran clashes (2016–present)
• World War II

Wars involving Israel

• 1948 Arab–Israeli War
• 1982 Lebanon War
• 2006 Lebanon War
• 2014 Gaza War
• Economic impact of the Israel–Hamas war
• Gaza War (2008–2009)
• Gulf War
• Hezbollah–Israel conflict
• Iran–Israel proxy conflict
• Israel–Hamas war
• Israel–PKK conflict
• Israeli–Palestinian conflict
• Killing of journalists in the Israel–Hamas war
• Lebanese Civil War
• List of wars involving Israel
• Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency
• Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
• Six-Day War
• Suez Crisis
• Syrian civil war
• War of Attrition
• War on terror
• Yom Kippur War

Wars involving Lebanon

• 1948 Arab–Israeli War
• 1982 Lebanon War
• 2006 Lebanon War
• 2007 Lebanon conflict
• 2008 Lebanon conflict
• Dinnieh clashes
• Lebanese Civil War
• List of wars involving Lebanon
• Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon
• War on terror
• World War II

Wars involving Syria

• Black September
• First Iraqi–Kurdish War
• Franco-Syrian War
• Great Syrian Revolt
• Gulf War
• Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
• Islamist uprising in Syria
• Khan Tuman (operation)
• Lebanese Civil War
• List of wars involving Syria
• Six-Day War
• Syrian civil war
• Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon
• War of Attrition
• War on terror
• World War II
• Yom Kippur War

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War

Also known as AISHIYA, BATTLE OF, Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah, Civil war in Lebanon, Civil war in the Lebanon, Lebanese Civil Jihad, Lebanese Civil War (1975-1977), Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990), Lebanese Civil War (1977-1982), Lebanese Civil War (1984-1989), Lebanon Civil War, Two-year war, الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية.

, Battle of Sidon (1991), Battle of the Hotels, Beaufort Castle, Lebanon, Beirut, Beirut (film), Beirut Art Center, Beirut–Rafic Hariri International Airport, Beqaa Valley, Black Saturday (Lebanon), Black September, Bourj el-Barajneh, Bulgaria, Camille Chamoun, Canada, Canton (administrative division), Cantons of Switzerland, Car bomb, Cedar Revolution, Central Treaty Organization, Chouf District, Christianity in Lebanon, Civil Administration of the Mountain, Civil war, Coast, Coastal Road massacre, Cold War, Communism, Communist Action Organization in Lebanon, Confederation, Dahieh, Damascus, Damour, Damour massacre, Daniel Byman, Dany Chamoun, David Gilmour (historian), Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Dilip Hiro, Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Druze, East Beirut canton, Edgar O'Ballance, Egypt, Elias Atallah, Elias Hrawi, Elie Hobeika, Emmanuel Erskine, Endless Night (painting), Etienne Saqr, Exile, Failed state, Farid Elias Khazen, Fatah, Fatah al-Intifada, Fatwa, February 6 Intifada, Fedayeen, Fillip, First Intifada, Fouad Chehab, Free France, Gamal Abdel Nasser, George Habash, George Hawi, Georges Adwan, Global Policy Forum, Greater Lebanon, Green Line (Lebanon), Guardians of the Cedars, Guerrilla warfare, Gulf War, Gustav Hägglund, Habib Shartouni, Hafez al-Assad, Hagop Hagopian (militant), Hamra Street, Hasbaya, Hashish, Helena Cobban, Hermel, Hezbollah, Hezbollah armed strength, Holiday Inn Beirut, Hundred Days' War, Hussein of Jordan, Ibrahim Kulaylat, Incendies, Iran, Iran–Iraq War, Iran–Israel proxy conflict, Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict, Iranian Revolution, Iraq, Islam in Lebanon, Islamic Dawa Party in Lebanon, Islamic Republic of Iran Army, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Islamic Unification Movement, Islamism, Israel, Israel Defense Forces, Israel Prison Service, Israeli Air Force, Israeli Declaration of Independence, Israeli Ground Forces, Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon, Itamar Rabinovich, January 1986 Lebanese Forces coup, Jewish Virtual Library, Jim Muir, Joana Hadjithomas and Khalil Joreige, John Bulloch (journalist), Jordan, Jounieh, Jumblatt family, Jury Prize (Cannes Film Festival), Justice Commandos of the Armenian Genocide, Kahan Commission, Kamal Jumblatt, Kamal Salibi, Karantina massacre, Kataeb Party, Kataeb Regulatory Forces, Kenneth M. Pollack, Khalil al-Wazir, Koura District, Kurdistan Workers' Party, Kuwait, Land mine, League of Nations, Lebanese Arab Army, Lebanese Armed Forces, Lebanese Communist Party, Lebanese Druze, Lebanese Forces, Lebanese Forces (militia), Lebanese Forces – Executive Command, Lebanese Front, Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians, Lebanese Maronite Christians, Lebanese Melkite Christians, Lebanese Movement in Support of Fatah, Lebanese National Movement, Lebanese National Resistance Front, Lebanese people, Lebanese Renewal Party, Lebanese Shia Muslims, Lebanese Sunni Muslims, Lebanese Youth Movement (MKG), Lebanon, Lebanon (painting), Lebanon hostage crisis, Lebanon Summer 1982, Lebanonization, Left-wing politics, Libya, Likud, Lina Murr Nehmé, List of modern conflicts in the Middle East, Litani River, Maarouf Saad, Mafia, Mahsum Korkmaz, Malcolm H. Kerr, Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, Mandatory Palestine, Manner of death, March 14 Alliance, March 8 Alliance, Marcia C. Inhorn, Marjayoun, Maronites, Martyrs' Square, Beirut, Marxism–Leninism, Matn District, May 17 Agreement, Memory Box, Menachem Begin, Michel Aoun, Minister without portfolio, Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah, Monte Melkonian, Moral authority, Morocco, Mount Lebanon, Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate, Mount Sannine, Mountain War (Lebanon), Multinational Force in Lebanon, Musa al-Sadr, Muslim Brotherhood, Mustafa Tlass, Mutasarrif, Nabatieh, Nabih Berri, Nabil Kanso, Narcotic, Nasserism, National Liberal Party (Lebanon), National Pact, Nayef Hawatmeh, New wave music, Nigerian Army, Noam Chomsky, Non-combatant, Odd Karsten Tveit, Omar Karami, Out of Life, Pahlavi Iran, Palestine Liberation Army, Palestine Liberation Organization, Palestinian Christians, Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon, Palestinian Liberation Front, Palestinian National Salvation Front, Palestinians, Palestinians in Lebanon, Pan-Arabism, Parliament of Lebanon, People's Liberation Army (Lebanon), Phalanx bone, Philip C. Habib, Philip K. Hitti, Pierre Gemayel, Political thriller, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command, Popular Nasserist Organization, President of Lebanon, Prime Minister of Lebanon, Progressive Socialist Party, Quisling, Rafael Eitan, Rafic Hariri, Rageh Omaar, Ragheb Harb, Rashaya, Rashid Karami, Refugee camp, René Moawad, Reuters, Revolutionary Communist Group (Lebanon), Riyadh, Roadblock, Robert Fisk, Robert Munsch, Romania, Ronald Reagan, Royal Jordanian Army, Ruhollah Khomeini, Saad Haddad, Sabra and Shatila massacre, Saddam Hussein, Safra massacre, Saleh Barakat, Salim Al-Huss, Samir Geagea, Saudi Arabia, SAVAK, Secularism, Shafik Wazzan, Shatila refugee camp, Shia Islam, Shia Islamism, Shia–Sunni relations, Shimon Peres, Shlomo Argov, Shuraya Party, Sidon, Siege of Beirut, Simon & Schuster, Sixth of February Movement, Socialist Arab Lebanon Vanguard Party, Souha Bechara, South Lebanon Army, South Lebanon security belt administration, Southern Lebanon, Soviet Union, State of Free Lebanon, Subhi al-Tufayli, Suez Crisis, Suleiman Frangieh, Surface-to-air missile, Synth-pop, Syria, Syria (region), Syrian Air Force, Syrian Armed Forces, Syrian Army, Syrian civil war, Syrian occupation of Lebanon, Syrian Social Nationalist Party, Syrian Social Nationalist Party in Lebanon, Taif, Taif Agreement, Tel al-Zaatar massacre, The Fateful Triangle, The Human League, The Lebanon (song), The New York Times, The Vortices of Wrath (Lebanon 1977), The Washington Post, Tigers Militia, Time (magazine), Tony Frangieh, Tripartite Accord (Lebanon), Tripoli, Lebanon, Tunis, Tunisia, TWA Flight 847, Tyous Team of Commandos, United Arab Republic, United Nations, United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon, United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine, United Nations Security Council, United Nations Security Council Resolution 425, United Nations Security Council Resolution 508, United Nations Security Council Resolution 509, United States Marine Corps, USS New Jersey (BB-62), Vanguard of the Maani Army (Movement of the Druze Jihad), Vichy France, Walid Jumblatt, Waltz with Bashir, War of Brothers, War of Liberation (1989–1990), War of the Camps, Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, Wayne State University Press, West Germany, Western world, William Hawi, William O'Callaghan (Irish Army officer), World War I, World War II, Yasser Arafat, Yezid Sayigh, Zahlé, Zahliote Group, Zgharta, Zgharta District, Zgharta Liberation Army, 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus, 1914–1918 Online, 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine, 1948 Arab–Israeli War, 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight, 1958 Lebanon crisis, 1967 Palestinian exodus, 1975 Beirut bus massacre, 1976 Arab League summit (Riyadh), 1978 South Lebanon conflict, 1982 Lebanon War, 1983 Beirut barracks bombings, 1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut, 1984 US embassy bombing in Beirut, 1985 Beirut car bombings, 1986 United States bombing of Libya, 1991 Cannes Film Festival, 1992 Lebanese general election, 2000–2006 Shebaa Farms conflict, 2006 Lebanon War.

Unionpedia is a concept map or semantic network organized like an encyclopedia – dictionary. It gives a brief definition of each concept and its relationships.

This is a giant online mental map that serves as a basis for concept diagrams. It's free to use and each article or document can be downloaded. It's a tool, resource or reference for study, research, education, learning or teaching, that can be used by teachers, educators, pupils or students; for the academic world: for school, primary, secondary, high school, middle, technical degree, college, university, undergraduate, master's or doctoral degrees; for papers, reports, projects, ideas, documentation, surveys, summaries, or thesis. Here is the definition, explanation, description, or the meaning of each significant on which you need information, and a list of their associated concepts as a glossary. Available in English, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Polish, Dutch, Russian, Arabic, Hindi, Swedish, Ukrainian, Hungarian, Catalan, Czech, Hebrew, Danish, Finnish, Indonesian, Norwegian, Romanian, Turkish, Vietnamese, Korean, Thai, Greek, Bulgarian, Croatian, Slovak, Lithuanian, Filipino, Latvian, Estonian and Slovenian. More languages soon.

The information is based on Wikipedia articles and other Wikimedia projects, and it's available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License.

Unionpedia is not endorsed by or affiliated with the Wikimedia Foundation.

Google Play, Android and the Google Play logo are trademarks of Google Inc.

Privacy Policy