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624 relations: Abbasid Caliphate, Abdülmecid I, Achaemenid Empire, Achrafieh, Acre, Israel, Acute kidney injury, AFC Asian Cup, Agriculture in Lebanon, Ahmad Haidar, Ahmad Ma'n, Airstrike, Akkar District, Akkar Governorate, Al Akhbar (Lebanon), Al Ansar FC, Al Jazeera Media Network, Al Riyadi Club Beirut, Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve, Al-Malkiyya, Alawites, Alexander the Great, Aley District, Allies of World War I, Allies of World War II, Alluvium, Amal Movement, Ameen Rihani, American University of Beirut, Amin Maalouf, Amine Gemayel, Anatolia, Ancient Rome, Anti-Lebanon mountains, Antoine Ghanem, Arab Deterrent Force, Arab Games, Arab Image Foundation, Arab Kingdom of Syria, Arab League, Arab nationalism, Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Arab world, Arabian Peninsula, Arabian Plate, Arabic, Arabic coffee, Arabs, Ariel Sharon, Armenian Apostolic Church, Armenians, ... Expand index (574 more) »
- 1943 establishments in Asia
- 1943 establishments in Lebanon
- Countries and territories where Arabic is an official language
- Eastern Mediterranean
- Member states of the Arab League
- Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
- Middle Eastern countries
- States and territories established in 1943
- West Asian countries
Abbasid Caliphate
The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (translit) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Lebanon and Abbasid Caliphate
Abdülmecid I
Abdülmecid I (ʿAbdü'l-Mecîd-i evvel, I.; 25 April 182325 June 1861) was the 31st sultan of the Ottoman Empire.
Achaemenid Empire
The Achaemenid Empire or Achaemenian Empire, also known as the Persian Empire or First Persian Empire (𐎧𐏁𐏂), was an ancient Iranian empire founded by Cyrus the Great of the Achaemenid dynasty in 550 BC.
See Lebanon and Achaemenid Empire
Achrafieh
Achrafieh (الأشرفية) is an upper-class area in eastern Beirut, Lebanon.
Acre, Israel
Acre, known locally as Akko (עַכּוֹ) and Akka (عكّا), is a city in the coastal plain region of the Northern District of Israel.
Acute kidney injury
Acute kidney injury (AKI), previously called acute renal failure (ARF), is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within 7 days, as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both.
See Lebanon and Acute kidney injury
AFC Asian Cup
The AFC Asian Cup is the primary association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the members of the Asian Football Confederation (AFC), determining the continental champion of Asia.
Agriculture in Lebanon
Agriculture in Lebanon is the third most productive sector in the country after the tertiary and industrial sectors.
See Lebanon and Agriculture in Lebanon
Ahmad Haidar
Ahmad Ali Haidar (born April 10, 1968) is an IFBB professional bodybuilder.
Ahmad Ma'n
Aḥmad ibn Mulḥim ibn Yunus Maʾn was the paramount emir of the Druze in Mount Lebanon and the tax farmer of the subdistricts of the Chouf, Matn, Gharb and Jurd from 1667 until his death in 1697.
Airstrike
An airstrike, air strike, or air raid is an offensive operation carried out by aircraft.
Akkar District
Akkar District (قضاء عكار) is the only district in Akkar Governorate, Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Akkar District
Akkar Governorate
Akkar Governorate (محافظة عكار) is the northernmost governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Akkar Governorate
Al Akhbar (Lebanon)
Al Akhbar (الأخبار) is a daily Arabic language newspaper published in a semi tabloid format in Beirut.
See Lebanon and Al Akhbar (Lebanon)
Al Ansar FC
Al Ansar Football Club (lit) is a football club based in Tariq El Jdideh, a district in Beirut, Lebanon, that competes in the.
Al Jazeera Media Network
Al Jazeera Media Network (AJMN; The Peninsula) is a private-media conglomerate headquartered at Wadi Al Sail, Doha, funded in part by the government of Qatar.
See Lebanon and Al Jazeera Media Network
Al Riyadi Club Beirut
Al Riyadi Club Beirut (lit), commonly known simply as Al Riyadi, is a multi-sports club team based in Manara, a district in Beirut, Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Al Riyadi Club Beirut
Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve
Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve is a nature reserve in the Chouf and Aley districts of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Al Shouf Cedar Nature Reserve
Al-Malkiyya
Al-Malikiyya (المالكية) was a Palestinian village located in the Jabal Amil region.
Alawites
The Alawites, also known as Nusayrites, are an Arab ethnoreligious group that live primarily in the Levant and follow Alawism, a religious sect that splintered from early Shi'ism as a ghulat branch during the ninth century.
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
See Lebanon and Alexander the Great
Aley District
Aley (عاليه) is a district (qadaa) in Mount Lebanon, Lebanon, to the south-east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut.
Allies of World War I
The Allies, the Entente or the Triple Entente was an international military coalition of countries led by France, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, Italy, and Japan against the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, and Bulgaria in World War I (1914–1918).
See Lebanon and Allies of World War I
Allies of World War II
The Allies, formally referred to as the United Nations from 1942, were an international military coalition formed during World War II (1939–1945) to oppose the Axis powers.
See Lebanon and Allies of World War II
Alluvium
Alluvium is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings.
Amal Movement
The Amal Movement (translit) is a Lebanese political party and former militia affiliated mainly with the Shia community of Lebanon.
Ameen Rihani
Ameen Rihani (Amīn Fāris Anṭūn ar-Rīḥānī) (أمين الريحاني / ALA-LC: Amīn ar-Rīḥānī; Freike, Lebanon, November 24, 1876 – September 13, 1940), was a Lebanese American writer, intellectual and political activist.
American University of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB; al-Jāmiʿa l-Amērkiyya fī Bayrūt) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its campus in Beirut, Lebanon.
See Lebanon and American University of Beirut
Amin Maalouf
Amin Maalouf (أمين معلوف; born 25 February 1949) is a Lebanese-born French, Modern Arab writers.
Amine Gemayel
Amine Pierre Gemayel (أمين بيار الجميٌل,; born 22 January 1942) is a Lebanese politician who served as President of Lebanon from 1982 to 1988.
Anatolia
Anatolia (Anadolu), also known as Asia Minor, is a large peninsula or a region in Turkey, constituting most of its contemporary territory.
Ancient Rome
In modern historiography, ancient Rome is the Roman civilisation from the founding of the Italian city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD.
Anti-Lebanon mountains
The Anti-Lebanon mountains (eastern mountains of Lebanon) are a southwest–northeast-trending, c. long mountain range that forms most of the border between Syria and Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon mountains
Antoine Ghanem
Antoine Ghanem (أنطوان غانم; 10 August 1943 – 19 September 2007) was a Lebanese politician and an MP in the Lebanese Parliament.
See Lebanon and Antoine Ghanem
Arab Deterrent Force
The Arab Deterrent Force (ADF; قوات الردع العربية) was an international peacekeeping force created by the Arab League in the extraordinary Riyadh Summit on 17–18 October 1976, attended only by heads of state from Egypt, Kuwait, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria.
See Lebanon and Arab Deterrent Force
Arab Games
The Arab Games (الألعاب العربية), formerly called the Pan-Arab Games, are a regional multi-sport event held between nations from the Arab world.
Arab Image Foundation
The Arab Image Foundation (المؤسسة العربية للصورة, al-Muʾassasah al-ʿArabiyyah lil-Ṣūrah) is a non-profit organization established in Beirut in 1997.
See Lebanon and Arab Image Foundation
Arab Kingdom of Syria
The Arab Kingdom of Syria (المملكة العربية السورية) was a self-proclaimed, unrecognized monarchy existing briefly in the territory of historical Syria.
See Lebanon and Arab Kingdom of Syria
Arab League
The Arab League (الجامعة العربية), formally the League of Arab States (جامعة الدول العربية), is a regional organization in the Arab world.
Arab nationalism
Arab nationalism (al-qawmīya al-ʿarabīya) is a political ideology asserting that Arabs constitute a single nation.
See Lebanon and Arab nationalism
Arab states of the Persian Gulf
The Arab states of the Persian Gulf or the Arab Gulf states (دول الخليج العربي) refers to a group of Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf.
See Lebanon and Arab states of the Persian Gulf
Arab world
The Arab world (اَلْعَالَمُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), formally the Arab homeland (اَلْوَطَنُ الْعَرَبِيُّ), also known as the Arab nation (اَلْأُمَّةُ الْعَرَبِيَّةُ), the Arabsphere, or the Arab states, comprises a large group of countries, mainly located in Western Asia and Northern Africa.
Arabian Peninsula
The Arabian Peninsula (شِبْهُ الْجَزِيرَة الْعَرَبِيَّة,, "Arabian Peninsula" or جَزِيرَةُ الْعَرَب,, "Island of the Arabs"), or Arabia, is a peninsula in West Asia, situated northeast of Africa on the Arabian Plate.
See Lebanon and Arabian Peninsula
Arabian Plate
The Arabian Plate is a minor tectonic plate in the Northern and Eastern Hemispheres.
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Arabic coffee
Arabic coffee is a version of the brewed coffee of Coffea arabica beans.
Arabs
The Arabs (عَرَب, DIN 31635:, Arabic pronunciation), also known as the Arab people (الشَّعْبَ الْعَرَبِيّ), are an ethnic group mainly inhabiting the Arab world in West Asia and North Africa.
Ariel Sharon
Ariel Sharon (אֲרִיאֵל שָׁרוֹן; also known by his diminutive Arik, אָרִיק; 26 February 192811 January 2014) was an Israeli general and politician who served as the 11th prime minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006.
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church (translit) is the national church of Armenia.
See Lebanon and Armenian Apostolic Church
Armenians
Armenians (hayer) are an ethnic group and nation native to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.
Armenians in Lebanon
Armenians have lived in Lebanon for centuries.
See Lebanon and Armenians in Lebanon
Artillery
Artillery are ranged weapons that launch munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry firearms.
Asceticism
Asceticism is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from worldly pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals.
Association football
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a team sport played between two teams of 11 players each, who primarily use their feet to propel a ball around a rectangular field called a pitch.
See Lebanon and Association football
Assyria
Assyria (Neo-Assyrian cuneiform: x16px, māt Aššur) was a major ancient Mesopotamian civilization which existed as a city-state from the 21st century BC to the 14th century BC, which eventually expanded into an empire from the 14th century BC to the 7th century BC. Lebanon and Assyria are eastern Mediterranean.
Assyrians in Lebanon
Assyrians in Lebanon (ܐܬܘܪܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ; الآشوريين في لبنان; Libanais-Assyriens), or Assyrian Lebanese, are people of Assyrian descent living in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Assyrians in Lebanon
At Tiri incident
In April 1980, three Irish Army peacekeeping soldiers serving with the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL) were shot by the South Lebanon Army also known as the DFF, near At Tiri, in the South Lebanon security belt, two of whom died and one was seriously injured.
See Lebanon and At Tiri incident
Atheism
Atheism, in the broadest sense, is an absence of belief in the existence of deities.
Ayyubid dynasty
The Ayyubid dynasty (الأيوبيون; Eyûbiyan), also known as the Ayyubid Sultanate, was the founding dynasty of the medieval Sultanate of Egypt established by Saladin in 1171, following his abolition of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt.
See Lebanon and Ayyubid dynasty
Élias Sarkis
Élias Sarkis (إلياس سركيس; 20 July 1924 – 27 June 1985) was a Lebanese lawyer and President of Lebanon who served from 1976 to 1982.
Émile Lahoud
Émile Jamil Lahoud (born 12 January 1936) is a Lebanese politician who served as the 16th president of Lebanon from 1998 to 2007.
Baabda District
Baabda District (قضاء بعبدا, transliteration: Qada' Baabda), sometimes spelled B'abda, is a district (qadaa) of Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon, to the south and east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut.
See Lebanon and Baabda District
Baalbeck International Festival
The Baalbeck International Festival (مهرجانات بعلبك الدولية, Festival International de Baalbeck) is a cultural event in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Baalbeck International Festival
Baalbek
Baalbek (Baʿlabakk; Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about northeast of Beirut.
Baalbek District
Baalbek District (قضاء بعلبك) is an administrative district in the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate of the Republic of Lebanon, having the city Baalbek as its capital.
See Lebanon and Baalbek District
Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Baalbek-Hermel (بعلبك - الهرمل) is a governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Baalbek-Hermel Governorate
Babylonia
Babylonia (𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Syria and Iran).
Bachir Gemayel
Bachir Pierre Gemayel (10 November 1947 – 14 September 1982) was a Lebanese militia commander who led the Lebanese Forces, the military wing of the Kataeb Party in the Lebanese Civil War and was elected President of Lebanon in 1982.
See Lebanon and Bachir Gemayel
Baháʼí Faith in Lebanon
The Baháʼí Faith (بهائی) has a following of at least several hundred people in Lebanon dating back to 1870.
See Lebanon and Baháʼí Faith in Lebanon
Banque du Liban
Banque du Liban (مصرف لبنان; English: Bank of Lebanon) is the central bank of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Banque du Liban
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular court, compete with the primary objective of shooting a basketball (approximately in diameter) through the defender's hoop (a basket in diameter mounted high to a backboard at each end of the court), while preventing the opposing team from shooting through their own hoop.
Bassel Fleihan
Bassel Fleihan (10 September 1963 – 18 April 2005; باسل فليحان) was a Lebanese legislator and minister of economy and trade.
See Lebanon and Bassel Fleihan
Batroun District
Batroun District (البترون) is a district (qadaa) located in the North Governorate, Lebanon, south of Tripoli.
See Lebanon and Batroun District
Battle of France
The Battle of France (bataille de France; 10 May – 25 June 1940), also known as the Western Campaign (German: Westfeldzug), the French Campaign (Frankreichfeldzug, campagne de France) and the Fall of France, during the Second World War was the German invasion of France, that notably introduced tactics that are still used.
See Lebanon and Battle of France
Battle of Maysalun
The Battle of Maysalun (معركة ميسلون), also known as the Battle of Maysalun Pass or the Battle of Khan Maysalun (Bataille de Khan Mayssaloun), was a four-hour battle fought between the forces of the Arab Kingdom of Syria and the French Army of the Levant on 24 July 1920 near Khan Maysalun in the Anti-Lebanon Mountains, about west of Damascus.
See Lebanon and Battle of Maysalun
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Lebanon and BBC
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
Bechara El Khoury
Bechara El Khoury (بشارة خليل الخوري; 10 August 1890 – 11 January 1964) was a Lebanese politician who served as the 1st president of Lebanon, holding office from 21 September 1943 to 18 September 1952, apart from an 11-day interruption (11–22 November) in 1943.
See Lebanon and Bechara El Khoury
Beirut
Beirut (help) is the capital and largest city of Lebanon.
Beirut Governorate
Beirut Governorate (محافظة بيروت) is a Lebanese governorate that consists of one district and one city, Beirut, which is also its capital, and the capital of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Beirut Governorate
Beirut Marathon
The Beirut Marathon, is an annual event that takes place in Beirut, Lebanon, first held in 2003.
See Lebanon and Beirut Marathon
Beiteddine Festival
The Beiteddine Festival (مهرجان بيت الدين) is an annual summer festival that takes place in Beiteddine Palace in Beiteddine, Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Beiteddine Festival
Beqaa Governorate
Beqaa is a governorate in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Beqaa Governorate
Beqaa Valley
The Beqaa Valley (وادي البقاع,, Lebanese; also transliterated as Bekaa, Biqâ, and Becaa) is a fertile valley in eastern Lebanon and its most important farming region.
Bible
The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία,, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures, some, all, or a variant of which are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, Islam, the Baha'i Faith, and other Abrahamic religions.
Bint Jbeil District
The Bint Jbeil District (قضاء بنت جبيل) is a district in the Nabatiyeh Governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Bint Jbeil District
Black September
Black September (أيلول الأسود), also known as the Jordanian Civil War, was an armed conflict between Jordan, led by King Hussein, and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), led by chairman Yasser Arafat.
See Lebanon and Black September
Bloomberg News
Bloomberg News (originally Bloomberg Business News) is an international news agency headquartered in New York City and a division of Bloomberg L.P. Content produced by Bloomberg News is disseminated through Bloomberg Terminals, Bloomberg Television, Bloomberg Radio, Bloomberg Businessweek, Bloomberg Markets, Bloomberg.com, and Bloomberg's mobile platforms.
See Lebanon and Bloomberg News
Blue Line (withdrawal line)
The Blue Line is a demarcation line dividing Lebanon from Israel and the Golan Heights.
See Lebanon and Blue Line (withdrawal line)
Bourj Hammoud
Bourj Hammoud (also spelled Burj Hammud; بُرْجُ حَمُّودٍ; Պուրճ Համուտ) is a town and municipality in Lebanon located north-east of the capital Beirut, in the Matn District, and is part of Greater Beirut.
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Bsharri
Bsharri (بشرّي Bšarrī; also romanized Becharre, Bcharre, Bsharre, Bcharre Al Arz) is a town at altitudes between and.
Bsharri District
Bsharri District (often spelled Bsharre, Bcharre or Bcharreh) is one of the 7 districts (qadaa, قضاء) of the North Governorate, Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Bsharri District
Buddhism in the Middle East
Buddhism has been present in the Middle East and influenced some Middle Eastern religions such as Manichaeism.
See Lebanon and Buddhism in the Middle East
Bulgur
Bulgur (bulgur;; groats), or burghul (burġul), is a cracked wheat foodstuff found in South Asian cuisine and West Asian cuisine.
Byblos
Byblos (Βύβλος), also known as Jebeil, Jbeil or Jubayl (Jubayl, locally Jbeil; 𐤂𐤁𐤋,, probably Gebal), is an ancient city in the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon.
Byblos District
Byblos District (قضاء جبيل; transliteration: Qadaa' Jbeil), also called the Jbeil District (Jbeil is Lebanese Arabic for "Byblos"; standard Arabic Jubail), is a district (qadaa) of the Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Byblos District
Byblos International Festival
The Byblos International Festival is a Lebanese festival held in Byblos, believed to be the first Phoenician city, founded around 5000 BC.
See Lebanon and Byblos International Festival
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Lebanon and Byzantine Empire
Cabinet of Hassan Diab
A new Lebanese cabinet led by Prime Minister Hassan Diab was formed in Lebanon on 21 January 2020, after agreement was reached by the heads of the involved political parties after nearly three months.
See Lebanon and Cabinet of Hassan Diab
Caliphate
A caliphate or khilāfah (خِلَافَةْ) is a monarchical form of government (initially elective, later absolute) that originated in the 7th century Arabia, whose political identity is based on a claim of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad and the identification of a monarch called caliph (خَلِيفَةْ) as his heir and successor.
Camille Chamoun
Camille Nimr Chamoun OM, ONC (كميل نمر شمعون, Kamīl Sham'ūn; 3 April 1900 – 7 August 1987) was a Lebanese politician who served as President of Lebanon from 1952 to 1958.
See Lebanon and Camille Chamoun
Canaan
Canaan (Phoenician: 𐤊𐤍𐤏𐤍 –; כְּנַעַן –, in pausa כְּנָעַן –; Χανααν –;The current scholarly edition of the Greek Old Testament spells the word without any accents, cf. Septuaginta: id est Vetus Testamentum graece iuxta LXX interpretes.
Canaanite languages
The Canaanite languages, sometimes referred to as Canaanite dialects, are one of three subgroups of the Northwest Semitic languages, the others being Aramaic and Amorite.
See Lebanon and Canaanite languages
Cannabis in Lebanon
Recreational cannabis is illegal for cultivation, trade and personal use in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Cannabis in Lebanon
Canoeing
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle.
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
The Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs are an Australian professional rugby league club based in Belmore, a suburb in the Canterbury-Bankstown region of Sydney.
See Lebanon and Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
Capital punishment
Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty and formerly called judicial homicide, is the state-sanctioned killing of a person as punishment for actual or supposed misconduct.
See Lebanon and Capital punishment
Car bomb
A car bomb, bus bomb, van bomb, lorry bomb, or truck bomb, also known as a vehicle-borne improvised explosive device (VBIED), is an improvised explosive device designed to be detonated in an automobile or other vehicles.
Caretaker government
A caretaker government is a temporary ad hoc government that performs some governmental duties and functions in a country until a regular government is elected or formed.
See Lebanon and Caretaker government
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (CEIP) is a nonpartisan international affairs think tank headquartered in Washington, D.C., with operations in Europe, South and East Asia, and the Middle East as well as the United States.
See Lebanon and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carthage
Carthage was an ancient city in Northern Africa, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now Tunisia.
Casualties of the 2006 Lebanon War
There have been many casualties in the 2006 Lebanon War, leading to condemnation of both sides, however the exact distribution of casualties has been disputed.
See Lebanon and Casualties of the 2006 Lebanon War
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Lebanon and Catholic Church
Catholic Church in Lebanon
The Catholic Church in Lebanon (الكنيسة الكاثوليكية في لبنان) is part of the worldwide Catholic Church under the spiritual leadership of the Pope in Rome.
See Lebanon and Catholic Church in Lebanon
Caving
Caving, also known as spelunking (United States and Canada) and potholing (United Kingdom and Ireland), is the recreational pastime of exploring wild cave systems (as distinguished from show caves).
Cádiz
Cádiz is a city in Spain and the capital of the Province of Cádiz, in the autonomous community of Andalusia.
Côte d'Ivoire
Côte d'Ivoire, also known as Ivory Coast and officially known as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a country on the southern coast of West Africa. Lebanon and Côte d'Ivoire are member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Cedar Revolution
The Cedar Revolution (translit) or the Independence Intifada (translit) was a chain of demonstrations in Lebanon (especially in the capital Beirut) triggered by the assassination of former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic Hariri.
See Lebanon and Cedar Revolution
Cedars of God
The Cedars of God (أرز الربّ Arz ar-Rabb "Cedars of the Lord"), located in the Kadisha Valley of Bsharre, Lebanon, are one of the last vestiges of the extensive forests of the Lebanon cedar that thrived across Mount Lebanon in antiquity.
Cedrus libani
Cedrus libani, the cedar of Lebanon or Lebanese cedar, is a species of tree in the genus Cedrus, a part of the pine family, native to the mountains of the Eastern Mediterranean basin.
Central Intelligence Agency
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), known informally as the Agency, metonymously as Langley and historically as the Company, is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the federal government of the United States tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT) and conducting covert action through its Directorate of Operations.
See Lebanon and Central Intelligence Agency
Chalcolithic
The Chalcolithic (also called the Copper Age and Eneolithic) was an archaeological period characterized by the increasing use of smelted copper.
Charles de Gaulle
Charles André Joseph Marie de Gaulle (22 November 18909 November 1970) was a French military officer and statesman who led the Free French Forces against Nazi Germany in World War II and chaired the Provisional Government of the French Republic from 1944 to 1946 to restore democracy in France.
See Lebanon and Charles de Gaulle
Charles Glass
Charles Glass (born November 18, 1951) is an American-British author, journalist, broadcaster and publisher specializing in the Middle East and the Second World War.
Charter of the United Nations
The Charter of the United Nations (UN) is the foundational treaty of the United Nations.
See Lebanon and Charter of the United Nations
Chinook Sciences
Chinook Sciences is a US and UK based technology company that specializes in waste to energy and metal recovery.
See Lebanon and Chinook Sciences
Chouf District
Chouf (also spelled Shouf, Shuf or Chuf, in Jabal ash-Shouf) is a historic region of Lebanon, as well as an administrative district in the governorate (muhafazat) of Mount Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Chouf District
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christianity and Druze
Christianity and Druze are Abrahamic religions that share a historical traditional connection with some major theological differences.
See Lebanon and Christianity and Druze
Christianity in Lebanon
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See Lebanon and Christianity in Lebanon
Christians
A Christian is a person who follows or adheres to Christianity, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christopher Mayhew
Christopher Paget Mayhew, Baron Mayhew (12 June 1915 – 7 January 1997) was a British politician who was a Labour Member of Parliament (MP) from 1945 to 1950 and from 1951 to 1974, when he left the Labour Party to join the Liberals.
See Lebanon and Christopher Mayhew
Cinema of Egypt
The Egyptian film industry is today based mainly in Cairo, which is sometimes referred to as Hollywood on the Nile or Hollywood of the East, despite having its beginnings in the city of Alexandria in the early 20th century.
See Lebanon and Cinema of Egypt
Cinema of Lebanon
The cinema of Lebanon, according to film critic and historian Roy Armes, is the only other cinema in the Arabic-speaking region, beside Egypt's, that could amount to a national cinema.
See Lebanon and Cinema of Lebanon
Civil defense
Civil defense or civil protection is an effort to protect the citizens of a state (generally non-combatants) from human-made and natural disasters.
Civil disobedience
Civil disobedience is the active, and professed refusal of a citizen to obey certain laws, demands, orders or commands of a government (or any other authority).
See Lebanon and Civil disobedience
Civil law (legal system)
Civil law is a legal system originating in Italy and France that has been adopted in large parts of the world.
See Lebanon and Civil law (legal system)
Climbing
Climbing is the activity of using one's hands, feet, or other parts of the body to ascend a steep topographical object that can range from the world's tallest mountains (e.g. the eight thousanders) to small boulders.
Coastal plain
A coastal plain (also coastal plains, coastal lowland, coastal lowlands) is flat, low-lying land adjacent to a sea coast.
Coastal Road massacre
The Coastal Road massacre occurred on 11 March 1978, when Palestinian militants hijacked a bus on the Coastal Highway of Israel and murdered its occupants; 38 Israeli civilians, including 13 children, were killed as a result of the attack while 76 more were wounded.
See Lebanon and Coastal Road massacre
Coele-Syria
Coele-Syria (Κοίλη Συρία, Koílē Syría, 'Hollow Syria') was a region of Syria in classical antiquity.
Colonies in antiquity
Colonies in antiquity were post-Iron Age city-states founded from a mother-city or metropolis rather than a territory-at-large.
See Lebanon and Colonies in antiquity
Commodity market
A commodity market is a market that trades in the primary economic sector rather than manufactured products, such as cocoa, fruit and sugar.
See Lebanon and Commodity market
Confessionalism (politics)
Confessionalism is a system of government that is a de jure mix of religion and politics.
See Lebanon and Confessionalism (politics)
Consociationalism
Consociationalism is a form of democratic power sharing.
See Lebanon and Consociationalism
Constantinople
Constantinople (see other names) became the capital of the Roman Empire during the reign of Constantine the Great in 330.
See Lebanon and Constantinople
Constitution of Lebanon
The Constitution of Lebanon was adopted on 23 May 1926.
See Lebanon and Constitution of Lebanon
Corruption in Lebanon
Corruption in Lebanon (الفساد في لبنان) magnified after the end of the civil war in 1990.
See Lebanon and Corruption in Lebanon
County of Tripoli
The County of Tripoli (1102–1289) was one of the Crusader states.
See Lebanon and County of Tripoli
Crusader states
The Crusader states, or Outremer, were four Catholic polities that existed in the Levant from 1098 to 1291.
See Lebanon and Crusader states
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.
Culture of Lebanon
The culture of Lebanon and the Lebanese people emerged from Phoenicia and through various civilizations over thousands of years.
See Lebanon and Culture of Lebanon
Currency substitution
Currency substitution is the use of a foreign currency in parallel to or instead of a domestic currency.
See Lebanon and Currency substitution
Cycling
Cycling, also known as bicycling or biking, is the activity of riding a bicycle or other type of cycle.
Cyprus
Cyprus, officially the Republic of Cyprus, is an island country in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Lebanon and Cyprus are countries in Asia, eastern Mediterranean, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries, republics and west Asian countries.
Cyrus the Great
Cyrus II of Persia (𐎤𐎢𐎽𐎢𐏁), commonly known as Cyrus the Great, was the founder of the Achaemenid Persian Empire.
See Lebanon and Cyrus the Great
Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa
The state of Democracy in Middle East and North Africa can be comparatively assessed according to various definitions of democracy.
See Lebanon and Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa
Democratic Left Movement (Lebanon)
The Democratic Left Movement (DLM, حركة اليسار الديمقراطي Harakat Al-Yassar Al-Dimuqratiy, Arabic acronym HYD) is a nonsectarian and a democratic leftist political party.
See Lebanon and Democratic Left Movement (Lebanon)
Demographics of Lebanon
This is a demography of the population of Lebanon including population density, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
See Lebanon and Demographics of Lebanon
Dennis Walters
Sir Dennis Murray Walters (28 November 1928 – 1 October 2021) was a British Conservative Party politician who served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Westbury from 1964 to 1992.
See Lebanon and Dennis Walters
Deputy prime minister
A deputy prime minister or vice prime minister is, in some countries, a government minister who can take the position of acting prime minister when the prime minister is temporarily absent.
See Lebanon and Deputy prime minister
Developing country
A developing country is a sovereign state with a less developed industrial base and a lower Human Development Index (HDI) relative to other countries.
See Lebanon and Developing country
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
The dissolution of the Ottoman Empire (1908–1922) was a period of history of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Young Turk Revolution and ultimately ending with the empire's dissolution and the founding of the modern state of Turkey.
See Lebanon and Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
Doha Agreement (2008)
The Doha Agreement was reached by rival Lebanese factions on 21 May 2008 in Doha, Qatar to end an 18-month-long political crisis.
See Lebanon and Doha Agreement (2008)
Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon
The Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon (1843–1861,, or simply, اَلْقَائِممَقَامِيَّتَيْن; Al-Qāʾim maqāmiyyatayn) was one of the Ottoman Empire's subdivisions following the abolishment of the Mount Lebanon Emirate.
See Lebanon and Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon
Drug economy in Lebanon
The drug economy in Lebanon refers to the expanding Lebanese involvement in both drug production and trade, a phenomenon substantiated by studies.
See Lebanon and Drug economy in Lebanon
Druze
The Druze (دَرْزِيّ, or دُرْزِيّ, rtl), who call themselves al-Muwaḥḥidūn (lit. 'the monotheists' or 'the unitarians'), are an Arab and Arabic-speaking esoteric ethnoreligious group from West Asia who adhere to the Druze faith, an Abrahamic, monotheistic, syncretic, and ethnic religion whose main tenets assert the unity of God, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul.
Eastern European Summer Time
Eastern European Summer Time (EEST) is one of the names of the UTC+03:00 time zone, which is 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.
See Lebanon and Eastern European Summer Time
Eastern European Time
Eastern European Time (EET) is one of the names of UTC+02:00 time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time.
See Lebanon and Eastern European Time
Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean is a loose definition of the eastern approximate half, or third, of the Mediterranean Sea, often defined as the countries around the Levantine Sea.
See Lebanon and Eastern Mediterranean
Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests
The Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-forests, also known as the Eastern Mediterranean conifer-forests, is an ecoregion in the eastern Mediterranean Basin. Lebanon and eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests are eastern Mediterranean.
See Lebanon and Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests
Ebla
Ebla (Sumerian: eb₂-la, إبلا., modern: تل مرديخ, Tell Mardikh) was one of the earliest kingdoms in Syria.
See Lebanon and Ebla
Edgar Choueiri
Edgar Y. Choueiri (born 1961 in Lebanon) is a Lebanese American plasma physicist and previously president of the Lebanese Academy of Sciences.
See Lebanon and Edgar Choueiri
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia. Lebanon and Egypt are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, countries in Asia, eastern Mediterranean, member states of the Arab League, member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries and west Asian countries.
El Assaad Family
El-Assaad or Al As'ad (الأسعد.) is an Arab feudal political family who originated from Najd and is a main branch of the Anizah tribe.
See Lebanon and El Assaad Family
Elias Khoury
Elias Khoury (إلياس خوري; born 12 July 1948) is a Lebanese novelist and public intellectual.
Elias Peter Hoayek
Elias Peter Hoayek (الياس بطرس الحويّك; 4 December 1843 – 24 December 1931; also spelled Hoyek, Hwayek, Huayek, Juayek, Hawayek, Houwayek) was the 72nd Patriarch of Antioch for the Maronites, the largest Catholic community in the Levant, from 1898 to 1931 when he died.
See Lebanon and Elias Peter Hoayek
Emir
Emir (أمير, also transliterated as amir, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a long history of use in the Arab World, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.
See Lebanon and Emir
Emirate of Mount Lebanon
The Emirate of Mount Lebanon was a part of Mount Lebanon that enjoyed variable degrees of partial autonomy under the stable suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire between the mid-16th and the early-19th century.
See Lebanon and Emirate of Mount Lebanon
English language in Lebanon
English is a secondary language of Lebanon, with 40% of the population saying in 2011 that it can speak it non-natively.
See Lebanon and English language in Lebanon
Entrepôt
An entrepôt or transshipment port is a port, city, or trading post where merchandise may be imported, stored, or traded, usually to be exported again.
Epic of Gilgamesh
The Epic of Gilgamesh is an epic from ancient Mesopotamia.
See Lebanon and Epic of Gilgamesh
Euronews
Euronews (stylised in lowercase) is a European television news network, headquartered in Lyon, France.
European Neighbourhood Policy
The European Neighbourhood Policy (ENP) is a foreign relations instrument of the European Union (EU) which seeks to tie those countries to the east and south of the European territory of the EU to the Union.
See Lebanon and European Neighbourhood Policy
European Parliament
The European Parliament (EP) is one of the two legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions.
See Lebanon and European Parliament
Fadi El Khatib
Fadi El Khatib (فادي الخطيب; born January 1, 1979), nicknamed the "Lebanese Tiger", is a Lebanese former professional basketball player.
See Lebanon and Fadi El Khatib
Failed state
A failed state is a state that has lost its ability to fulfill fundamental security and development functions, lacking effective control over its territory and borders.
Fairuz
Nouhad Wadie Haddad (Nuhād Wadīʿ Ḥaddād,; born November 21, 1934), known as Fairuz (Fayrūz), is a Lebanese singer.
Faisal I of Iraq
Faisal I bin al-Hussein bin Ali al-Hashemi (فيصل الأول بن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي, Fayṣal al-Awwal bin al-Ḥusayn bin ʻAlī al-Hāshimī; 20 May 1885 – 8 September 1933) was King of Iraq from 23 August 1921 until his death in 1933.
See Lebanon and Faisal I of Iraq
Fakhr al-Din II
Fakhr al-Din Ma'n (Fakhr al-Dīn Maʿn; March or April 1635), commonly known as Fakhr al-Din II or Fakhreddine II (Fakhr al-Dīn al-Thānī), was the paramount Druze emir of Mount Lebanon from the Ma'n dynasty, an Ottoman governor of Sidon-Beirut and Safed, and the strongman over much of the Levant from the 1620s to 1633.
See Lebanon and Fakhr al-Din II
Fatah al-Islam
Fatah al-Islam (فتح الإسلام, meaning: Conquest of Islam) is a Sunni Islamist militant group established in November 2006 in a Palestinian refugee camp, located in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Fatah al-Islam
Fatahland
Fatahland or Fatah land was a term used by Israel to refer to the areas in Southern Lebanon controlled by the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and its largest faction, Fatah, during the Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon from 1968 to 1982.
Fatimid Caliphate
The Fatimid Caliphate or Fatimid Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Fāṭimiyya) was a caliphate extant from the tenth to the twelfth centuries CE under the rule of the Fatimids, an Isma'ili Shia dynasty.
See Lebanon and Fatimid Caliphate
Fenethylline
Fenethylline (BAN, USAN) or fenetylline (INN) is a codrug of amphetamine and theophylline and so a mutual prodrug of both.
FIBA Basketball World Cup
The FIBA Basketball World Cup is an international basketball competition between the senior men's national teams of the members of the International Basketball Federation (FIBA), the sport's global governing body.
See Lebanon and FIBA Basketball World Cup
Financial crisis
A financial crisis is any of a broad variety of situations in which some financial assets suddenly lose a large part of their nominal value.
See Lebanon and Financial crisis
First Cabinet of Saad Hariri
On 9 November 2009, after five months of negotiations following the 2009 parliamentary elections, Lebanese prime minister Saad Hariri formed a national unity government.
See Lebanon and First Cabinet of Saad Hariri
First Crusade
The First Crusade (1096–1099) was the first of a series of religious wars, or Crusades, initiated, supported and at times directed by the Latin Church in the Middle Ages.
Fish
A fish (fish or fishes) is an aquatic, anamniotic, gill-bearing vertebrate animal with swimming fins and a hard skull, but lacking limbs with digits.
See Lebanon and Fish
Football in Lebanon
Football is the most popular sport in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Football in Lebanon
Forest Landscape Integrity Index
The Forest Landscape Integrity Index (FLII) is an annual global index of forest condition measured by degree of anthropogenic modification.
See Lebanon and Forest Landscape Integrity Index
Fouad Chehab
Fouad Abdallah Chehab (فُؤاد عبد الله شِهاب /; 19 March 1902 – 25 April 1973) was a Lebanese general and statesman who served as President of Lebanon from 1958 to 1964.
Fouad Siniora
Fouad Siniora (translit; born 19 July 1943) is a Lebanese politician, a former Prime Minister of Lebanon, a position he held from 19 July 2005 to 25 May 2008.
France 24
France 24 (vingt-quatre in French) is a French publicly-funded international news television network based in Paris.
Francia
The Kingdom of the Franks (Regnum Francorum), also known as the Frankish Kingdom, the Frankish Empire (Imperium Francorum) or Francia, was the largest post-Roman barbarian kingdom in Western Europe.
Francophonie
The Francophonie or Francophone world is the whole body of people and organisations around the world who use the French language regularly for private or public purposes.
Free France
Free France (France libre) was a political entity claiming to be the legitimate government of France following the dissolution of the Third Republic during World War II.
Free Patriotic Movement
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See Lebanon and Free Patriotic Movement
Freedom House
Freedom House is a non-profit organization based in Washington, D.C. It is best known for political advocacy surrounding issues of democracy, political freedom, and human rights.
French language
French (français,, or langue française,, or by some speakers) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family.
See Lebanon and French language
French language in Lebanon
French is a common language in Lebanon, with about 50% of the population being Francophone.
See Lebanon and French language in Lebanon
French Third Republic
The French Third Republic (Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 4 September 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War, until 10 July 1940, after the Fall of France during World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government.
See Lebanon and French Third Republic
Fruit
In botany, a fruit is the seed-bearing structure in flowering plants that is formed from the ovary after flowering (see Fruit anatomy).
Future Movement
The Future Movement (تيار المستقبل) is a Lebanese political party affiliated with the Sunni sect.
See Lebanon and Future Movement
Gebran Tueni
Gebran Ghassan Tueni (جبران تويني; 15 September 1957 – 12 December 2005) was a Lebanese politician and the former editor and publisher of daily paper An Nahar, established by his grandfather, also named Gebran Tueni, in 1933.
George Hawi
George Hawi (جورج حاوي; born 5 November 1938 – 21 June 2005) was a Lebanese politician and former secretary general of the Lebanese Communist Party (LCP).
Georges Catroux
Georges Albert Julien Catroux (29 January 1877 – 21 December 1969) was a French Army general and diplomat who served in both World War I and World War II, and served as Grand Chancellor of the Légion d'honneur from 1954 to 1969.
See Lebanon and Georges Catroux
Georges Corm
Georges Corm (born 1940) is a Lebanese economist.
Georges Schéhadé
Georges Schehadé (2 November 1905 – 17 January 1989) was a Lebanese playwright and poet writing in French.
See Lebanon and Georges Schéhadé
Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore.
Global Innovation Index
The Global Innovation Index is an annual ranking of countries by their capacity for, and success in, innovation, published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).
See Lebanon and Global Innovation Index
Golan Heights
The Golan Heights (Haḍbatu l-Jawlān or; רמת הגולן), or simply the Golan, is a basaltic plateau, at the southwest corner of Syria.
Gold coin
A gold coin is a coin that is made mostly or entirely of gold.
Governorate
A governorate or governate is an administrative division of a state that is headed by a governor.
Great Rift Valley
The Great Rift Valley (Bonde la ufa) is a series of contiguous geographic depressions, approximately in total length, that runs from Lebanon in Asia to Mozambique in Southeast Africa.
See Lebanon and Great Rift Valley
Greater Lebanon
The State of Greater Lebanon (Dawlat Lubnān al-Kubra; État du Grand Liban), informally known as French Lebanon, was a state declared on 1 September 1920, which became the Lebanese Republic (الجمهورية اللبنانية; République libanaise) in May 1926, and is the predecessor of modern Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Greater Lebanon
Greek alphabet
The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early 8th century BC.
See Lebanon and Greek alphabet
Greek Catholic Church
Greek Catholic Church may refer to.
See Lebanon and Greek Catholic Church
Greeks
The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Anatolia, parts of Italy and Egypt, and to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with many Greek communities established around the world..
Greeks in Lebanon
The Greeks in Lebanon (οι Έλληνες στο Λίβανο) had presence in present day Lebanon that dated to ancient times, and the Phoenicians and Greeks (both maritime peoples) shared close ties.
See Lebanon and Greeks in Lebanon
Gregorian calendar
The Gregorian calendar is the calendar used in most parts of the world.
See Lebanon and Gregorian calendar
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.
See Lebanon and Gross domestic product
Group of 77
The Group of 77 (G77) at the United Nations (UN) is a coalition of developing countries, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations.
Hafez al-Assad
Hafez al-Assad (6 October 193010 June 2000) was a Syrian statesman, military officer and revolutionary who served as the 18th president of Syria from 1971 until his death in 2000.
See Lebanon and Hafez al-Assad
Hanan al-Shaykh
Hanan al-Shaykh (حنان الشيخ; born 12 November 1945, Beirut) is a Lebanese author of contemporary literature.
See Lebanon and Hanan al-Shaykh
Hasbaya District
The Hasbaya District is a district in the Nabatiyeh Governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Hasbaya District
Hassan Diab
Hassan Diab (Hassân Diyâb; born 1 June 1959) is a Lebanese academic, engineer and politician who served as the prime minister of Lebanon from 21 January 2020 to 10 September 2021.
Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah
Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah (حسن كامل الصباح; August 16, 1894March 31, 1935) was a Lebanese electrical and electronics research engineer, mathematician and inventor.
See Lebanon and Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah
Hassan Maatouk
Hassan Ali Maatouk (حسن علي معتوق,; born 10 August 1987) is a Lebanese professional footballer who plays as a forward for club Ansar.
See Lebanon and Hassan Maatouk
Hassan Nasrallah
Hassan Nasrallah (حسن نصر الله; born 31 August 1960) is a Lebanese cleric and the secretary-general of Hezbollah, a Shia Islamist political party and militant group.
See Lebanon and Hassan Nasrallah
Hazem El Masri
Hazem El Masri (حازمالمصري; born 1 April 1976) is a Lebanese Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played as a er in the 1990s and 2000s.
See Lebanon and Hazem El Masri
Head of government
In the executive branch, the head of government is the highest or the second-highest official of a sovereign state, a federated state, or a self-governing colony, autonomous region, or other government who often presides over a cabinet, a group of ministers or secretaries who lead executive departments.
See Lebanon and Head of government
Head of state
A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona of a sovereign state.
Hebrew Bible
The Hebrew Bible or Tanakh (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary. Hebrew), also known in Hebrew as Miqra (Hebrew), is the canonical collection of Hebrew scriptures, comprising the Torah, the Nevi'im, and the Ketuvim.
Height above mean sea level
Height above mean sea level is a measure of a location's vertical distance (height, elevation or altitude) in reference to a vertical datum based on a historic mean sea level.
See Lebanon and Height above mean sea level
Hellenistic period
In classical antiquity, the Hellenistic period covers the time in Mediterranean history after Classical Greece, between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the death of Cleopatra in 30 BC, which was followed by the ascendancy of the Roman Empire, as signified by the Battle of Actium in 31 BC and the Roman conquest of Ptolemaic Egypt the following year, which eliminated the last major Hellenistic kingdom.
See Lebanon and Hellenistic period
Henri Dentz
Henri Fernand Dentz (16 December 1881 – 13 December 1945) was a general in the French Army (Armée de Terre) who served with the Vichy French Army after France surrendered during the Second World War.
Hepatitis A
Hepatitis A is an infectious disease of the liver caused by Hepatovirus A (HAV); it is a type of viral hepatitis.
Hermel District
The Hermel District (قضاء الهرمل) is a district in the Baalbek-Hermel Governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Hermel District
Heroin
Heroin, also known as diacetylmorphine and diamorphine among other names, is a morphinan opioid substance synthesized from the dried latex of the Papaver somniferum plant; it is mainly used as a recreational drug for its euphoric effects.
Hezbollah
Hezbollah (Ḥizbu 'llāh) is a Lebanese Shia Islamist political party and paramilitary group, led since 1992 by its Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah.
Hezbollah–Iran relations
The Islamic Republic of Iran is a key patron of the Lebanese Shia Islamist militant group and political party Hezbollah.
See Lebanon and Hezbollah–Iran relations
High commissioner
High commissioner is the title of various high-ranking, special executive positions held by a commission of appointment.
See Lebanon and High commissioner
Hinduism in the Middle East
According to the Book of Idols by the medieval Arab scholar Hisham ibn al-Kalbi, Hinduism was present in pre-Islamic Arabia.
See Lebanon and Hinduism in the Middle East
Hiram I
Hiram I (Phoenician: 𐤇𐤓𐤌 Ḥirōm "my brother is exalted", Hebrew: חירם Ḥīrām, Modern Arabic: حيرام, also called Hirom or Huram) on 2 Samuel 5, accessed 11 July 2017 was the Phoenician king of Tyre according to the Hebrew Bible.
History of the Jews in Lebanon
The history of the Jews in Lebanon encompasses the presence of Jews in present-day Lebanon stretching back to biblical times.
See Lebanon and History of the Jews in Lebanon
Holy Spirit University of Kaslik
The Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK; جامعة الرّوح القدس – الكسليك, Jāmiʿah al-Rūḥ al-Quddus – al-Kaslīk) is a private, non-profit, Catholic university in Jounieh, Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Holy Spirit University of Kaslik
Homosexuality
Homosexuality is sexual attraction, romantic attraction, or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender.
Human Development Index
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistical composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, which is used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.
See Lebanon and Human Development Index
Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization headquartered in New York City that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.
See Lebanon and Human Rights Watch
IB Diploma Programme
The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) is a two-year educational programme primarily aimed at 16-to-19-year-olds in 140 countries around the world.
See Lebanon and IB Diploma Programme
Intermittent river
Intermittent, temporary or seasonal rivers or streams cease to flow every year or at least twice every five years.
See Lebanon and Intermittent river
International Air Transport Association
The International Air Transport Association (IATA) is a trade association of the world's airlines founded in 1945.
See Lebanon and International Air Transport Association
International Monetary Fund
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the United Nations, and an international financial institution funded by 190 member countries, with headquarters in Washington, D.C. It is regarded as the global lender of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability.
See Lebanon and International Monetary Fund
International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries.
See Lebanon and International Organization for Standardization
Internationalized country code top-level domain
An internationalized country code top-level domain is a top-level domain in the Domain Name System (DNS) of the Internet.
See Lebanon and Internationalized country code top-level domain
Investment Development Authority of Lebanon
The Investment Development Authority of Lebanon (IDAL) is the national investment promotion agency of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Investment Development Authority of Lebanon
Iran
Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), also known as Persia, is a country in West Asia. It borders Turkey to the northwest and Iraq to the west, Azerbaijan, Armenia, the Caspian Sea, and Turkmenistan to the north, Afghanistan to the east, Pakistan to the southeast, the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf to the south. Lebanon and Iran are countries in Asia, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries and west Asian countries.
See Lebanon and Iran
Iranian Revolution
The Iranian Revolution (انقلاب ایران), also known as the 1979 Revolution and the Islamic Revolution (label), was a series of events that culminated in the overthrow of the Pahlavi dynasty in 1979. The revolution led to the replacement of the Imperial State of Iran by the present-day Islamic Republic of Iran, as the monarchical government of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was superseded by the theocratic Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, a religious cleric who had headed one of the rebel factions.
See Lebanon and Iranian Revolution
Iraq
Iraq, officially the Republic of Iraq, is a country in West Asia and a core country in the geopolitical region known as the Middle East. Lebanon and Iraq are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, countries in Asia, member states of the Arab League, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries and west Asian countries.
See Lebanon and Iraq
Iraqis in Lebanon
Iraqis in Lebanon are people of Iraqi origin residing in Lebanon and Lebanese citizens of Iraqi ancestry.
See Lebanon and Iraqis in Lebanon
Ireland national rugby league team
The Ireland men's national rugby league team, known as the Wolfhounds, is organised by Rugby League Ireland and represents the entire isle of Ireland in international rugby league.
See Lebanon and Ireland national rugby league team
Islam in Lebanon
|title.
See Lebanon and Islam in Lebanon
Islamic state
An Islamic state has a form of government based on sharia law.
Isma'ilism
Isma'ilism (translit) is a branch or sect of Shia Islam.
Israel
Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia. Lebanon and Israel are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, countries in Asia, eastern Mediterranean, Levant, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries, republics and west Asian countries.
Israeli Ground Forces
The Israeli Ground Forces (זרוע היבשה) are the ground forces of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF).
See Lebanon and Israeli Ground Forces
Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon
The Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon formally began in 1985 and ended in 2000 as part of the South Lebanon conflict.
See Lebanon and Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon
Jabal Amil
Jabal Amil (Jabal ʿĀmil), also spelled Jabal Amel and historically known as Jabal Amila, is a cultural and geographic region in Southern Lebanon largely associated with its long-established, predominantly Twelver Shia Muslim inhabitants.
Japanese cuisine
Japanese cuisine encompasses the regional and traditional foods of Japan, which have developed through centuries of political, economic, and social changes.
See Lebanon and Japanese cuisine
Jar burial
Jar burial is a human burial custom where the corpse is placed into a large earthenware container and then interred.
Jeux de la Francophonie
The Jeux de la Francophonie (Canadian English: Francophonie Games; British English: Francophone Games) are a combination of artistic and sporting events for the Francophonie, mostly French-speaking nations and former colonies of France, held every four years since 1989.
See Lebanon and Jeux de la Francophonie
Jezzine District
The Jezzine District (قضاء جزين) is a district in the South Governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Jezzine District
Jim Muir
Jim Muir (born 3 June 1948) is a British journalist, currently serving as a Middle East correspondent for BBC News, based in Beirut, Lebanon.
Jizya
Jizya (jizya), or jizyah, is a tax historically levied on dhimmis, that is, protected non-Muslim subjects of a state governed by Islamic law.
Julia Boutros
Julia Boutros (جوليا بطرس; born April 1, 1968) is a Lebanese christian singer who rose to prominence in the 1980s with a series of songs like "Ghabet Shams El Haq" and "Wein el Malayeen".
Julian calendar
The Julian calendar is a solar calendar of 365 days in every year with an additional leap day every fourth year (without exception).
See Lebanon and Julian calendar
Kahlil Gibran
Gibran Khalil Gibran (جُبْرَان خَلِيل جُبْرَان,,, or,; January 6, 1883 – April 10, 1931), usually referred to in English as Kahlil Gibran (pronounced), was a Lebanese-American writer, poet and visual artist; he was also considered a philosopher, although he himself rejected the title.
Kataeb Party
The Kataeb Party, officially the Kataeb Party – Lebanese Social Democratic Party (حزب الكتائب اللبنانية - الحزب الديمقراطي الاجتماعي اللبناني), also known as the Phalanges, is a right-wing Christian political party in Lebanon founded by Pierre Gemayel in 1936.
Kaza
A kaza (قضا, "judgment" or "jurisdiction") was an administrative division of the Ottoman Empire.
See Lebanon and Kaza
Keserwan District
Keserwan District (قضاء كسروان, transliteration: Qaḍā' Kisrawān) is a district (qadaa) in Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Lebanon, to the northeast of Lebanon's capital Beirut.
See Lebanon and Keserwan District
Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate
Keserwan-Jbeil (كسروان - جبيل) is the most recently created governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate
Khomeinism
Khomeinism (also transliterated Khumaynism) refers to the religious and political ideas of the leader of the 1979 Iranian Islamic Revolution, Ruhollah Khomeini.
Kibbeh
Kibbeh (also kubba and other spellings; kibba) is a popular dish in the Levant based on spiced lean ground meat and bulgur wheat.
Kingdom of Jerusalem
The Kingdom of Jerusalem, also known as the Latin Kingdom, was a Crusader state that was established in the Levant immediately after the First Crusade.
See Lebanon and Kingdom of Jerusalem
Koura District
Koura District (ٱلْكُورَة, from lit) is a district in the North Governorate, Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Koura District
La Razón (Madrid)
La Razón is a daily newspaper based in Madrid, Spain.
See Lebanon and La Razón (Madrid)
Laissez-faire
Laissez-faire (or, from laissez faire) is a type of economic system in which transactions between private groups of people are free from any form of economic interventionism (such as subsidies or regulations).
Lamb and mutton
Sheep meat is one of the most common meats around the world, taken from the domestic sheep, Ovis aries, and generally divided into lamb, from sheep in their first year, hogget, from sheep in their second, and mutton, from older sheep.
See Lebanon and Lamb and mutton
Laozi
Laozi (老子), also romanized as Lao Tzu and various other ways, was a semi-legendary ancient Chinese philosopher, author of the Tao Te Ching, the foundational text of Taoism along with the Zhuangzi.
Latin alphabet
The Latin alphabet, also known as the Roman alphabet, is the collection of letters originally used by the ancient Romans to write the Latin language.
See Lebanon and Latin alphabet
Latin America
Latin America often refers to the regions in the Americas in which Romance languages are the main languages and the culture and Empires of its peoples have had significant historical, ethnic, linguistic, and cultural impact.
Law of France
French law has a dual jurisdictional system comprising private law (droit privé), also known as judicial law, and public law (droit public).
League of Nations
The League of Nations (LN or LoN; Société des Nations, SdN) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace.
See Lebanon and League of Nations
League of Nations mandate
A League of Nations mandate represented a legal status under international law for specific territories following World War I, involving the transfer of control from one nation to another.
See Lebanon and League of Nations mandate
Lebanese American University
The Lebanese American University (LAU; الجامعة اللبنانية الأميركية) is a secular private American university in Beirut and Byblos, Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Lebanese American University
Lebanese Arabic
Lebanese Arabic (عَرَبِيّ لُبْنَانِيّ; autonym), or simply Lebanese (لُبْنَانِيّ; autonym), is a variety of North Levantine Arabic, indigenous to and primarily spoken in Lebanon, with significant linguistic influences borrowed from other Middle Eastern and European languages and is in some ways unique from other varieties of Arabic.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Arabic
Lebanese Argentines
Lebanese Argentine refers to Argentine citizens of Lebanese descent or Lebanon-born people who reside in Argentina.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Argentines
Lebanese Armed Forces
The Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF; Al-Quwwāt al-Musallaḥa al-Lubnāniyya), also known as the Lebanese Army (Al-Jaish al-Lubnani), is the military of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Armed Forces
Lebanese Australians
and other urban areas | langs.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Australians
Lebanese Brazilians
Lebanese Brazilians (Líbano-brasileiros), (Arabic: البرازيلي اللبناني) are Brazilians of full or partial Lebanese ancestry, including Lebanese-born immigrants to Brazil.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Brazilians
Lebanese Canadians
Lebanese Canadians are Canadians of Lebanese origin.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Canadians
Lebanese Civil War
The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية) was a multifaceted armed conflict that took place from 1975 to 1990.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Civil War
Lebanese Communist Party
The Lebanese Communist Party (LCP; الحزب الشيوعي اللبناني, transliterated) is a communist party in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Communist Party
Lebanese diaspora
Lebanese diaspora refers to Lebanese migrants and their descendants who emigrated from Lebanon and now reside in other countries.
See Lebanon and Lebanese diaspora
Lebanese Druze
The Lebanese Druze (durūz lubnān) are an ethnoreligious group constituting about 5.2 percent U.S. Department of State.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Druze
Lebanese Forces
The Lebanese Forces (القوات اللبنانية) is a Lebanese Christian-based political party and former militia during the Lebanese Civil War.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Forces
Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians
Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians (المسيحية الأرثوذكسية الرومية في لبنان) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch in Lebanon, which is an autocephalous Greek Orthodox Church within the wider communion of Eastern Orthodox Christianity, and is the second-largest Christian denomination in Lebanon after the Maronite Christians.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians
Lebanese identity card
The Lebanese identity card (بطاقة الهوية, bițāqat al-hawiya) is a compulsory Identity document issued to citizens of the Republic of Lebanon by the police on behalf of the Lebanese Ministry of Interior or in Lebanese embassies/consulates (abroad) free of charge.
See Lebanon and Lebanese identity card
Lebanese liquidity crisis
The Lebanese liquidity crisis is an ongoing financial crisis affecting Lebanon, that became fully apparent in August 2019, and was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon (which began in February 2020), the 2020 Beirut port explosion and the Russian invasion of Ukraine.
See Lebanon and Lebanese liquidity crisis
Lebanese Maronite Christians
Lebanese Maronite Christians (المسيحية المارونية في لبنان; ܡܫܝܚܝ̈ܐ ܡܪ̈ܘܢܝܐ ܕܠܒܢܢ) refers to Lebanese people who are members of the Maronite Church in Lebanon, the largest Christian denomination in the country.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Maronite Christians
Lebanese Melkite Christians
Lebanese Melkite Christians refers to Lebanese people who are members of the Melkite Greek Catholic Church in Lebanon, which is the third largest Christian group in the country after the Maronite Church and the Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Melkite Christians
Lebanese nationality law
Lebanese nationality law governs the acquisition, transmission and loss of Lebanese citizenship.
See Lebanon and Lebanese nationality law
Lebanese people
The Lebanese people (الشعب اللبناني / ALA-LC) are the people inhabiting or originating from Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Lebanese people
Lebanese people in Senegal
There is a significant community of Lebanese people in Senegal.
See Lebanon and Lebanese people in Senegal
Lebanese pound
The lira or pound is the currency of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Lebanese pound
Lebanese Premier League
The Lebanese First Division (الدوري اللبناني الدرجة الأولى), commonly known as the Lebanese Premier League, is the top division of the Lebanese football league system.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Premier League
Lebanese Protestant Christians
Lebanese Protestant Christians (بروتستانت لبنان) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of Protestantism in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Protestant Christians
Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanese Shia Muslims (المسلمون الشيعة اللبنانيون), communally and historically known as matāwila (متاولة, plural of متوال mutawālin; pronounced as متوالي metouali or matawali in Lebanese Arabic), are Lebanese people who are adherents of Shia Islam in Lebanon, which plays a major role alongside Lebanon's main Sunni, Maronite and Druze sects.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Shia Muslims
Lebanese space program
The Lebanese space program was not initially an official government-sponsored effort.
See Lebanon and Lebanese space program
Lebanese Sunni Muslims
Lebanese Sunni Muslims (المسلمون السنة اللبنانيين) refers to Lebanese people who are adherents of the Sunni branch of Islam in Lebanon, which is one of the largest denomination in Lebanon tied with Shias.
See Lebanon and Lebanese Sunni Muslims
Lebanese University
The Lebanese University (LU) is the only state-funded public university in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Lebanese University
Lebanon at the Olympics
Lebanon's first appearance in the Olympics was in 1936 when a "delegation of officials" attended the Summer Olympics in Berlin.
See Lebanon and Lebanon at the Olympics
Lebanon men's national basketball team
The Lebanon men's national basketball team (Équipe du Liban de basket-ball), controlled by the Lebanese Basketball Federation (FLB), has represented Lebanon in basketball since its inception in 1947.
See Lebanon and Lebanon men's national basketball team
Lebanon national rugby league team
The Lebanon national rugby league team (المنتخب اللبناني للرجبي ليغ, Équipe du Liban de rugby à XIII) represents Lebanon in rugby league football.
See Lebanon and Lebanon national rugby league team
Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of West Asia and core territory of the political term ''Middle East''. Lebanon and Levant are eastern Mediterranean.
Levantine Arabic
Levantine Arabic, also called Shami (autonym: or اللهجة الشامية), is an Arabic variety spoken in the Levant, namely in Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel and southern Turkey (historically only in Adana, Mersin and Hatay provinces). Lebanon and Levantine Arabic are Levant.
See Lebanon and Levantine Arabic
Levantine Arabic Sign Language
Levantine Arabic Sign Language is the sign language used by Deaf and hearing-impaired people of the area known as Bilad al-Sham or the Levant, comprising Jordan, Palestine, Syria, and Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Levantine Arabic Sign Language
LGBT rights in Lebanon
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people living in Lebanon may face discrimination and legal difficulties not experienced by non-LGBT residents and are heavily looked down upon by society.
See Lebanon and LGBT rights in Lebanon
Libya
Libya, officially the State of Libya, is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa. Lebanon and Libya are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, eastern Mediterranean, member states of the Arab League, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and member states of the United Nations.
Likud
Likud (HaLikud), officially known as Likud – National Liberal Movement (HaLikud – Tnu'ah Leumit Liberalit), is a major right-wing political party in Israel.
Limestone
Limestone (calcium carbonate) is a type of carbonate sedimentary rock which is the main source of the material lime.
List of countries and dependencies by area
This is a list of the world's countries and their dependencies by land, water, and total area, ranked by total area.
See Lebanon and List of countries and dependencies by area
List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita
This is a list of countries by gross national income per capita in 2023 at nominal values, according to the Atlas method, an indicator of income developed by the World Bank.
See Lebanon and List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita
List of oldest continuously inhabited cities
This is a list of present-day cities by the time period over which they have been continuously inhabited as a city.
See Lebanon and List of oldest continuously inhabited cities
List of rivers of Lebanon
This is a list of waterways named as rivers in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and List of rivers of Lebanon
List of tank truck explosions
This is a list of tank truck explosions.
See Lebanon and List of tank truck explosions
Litani River
The Litani River (Nahr al-Līṭānī), the classical Leontes (lion river), is an important water resource in southern Lebanon.
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.
Majid Arslan
Emir Majid Toufic Arslan (الأمير مجيد توفيق أرسلان) (February 1908 — September 18, 1983) was a Lebanese Druze leader and head of the Arslan feudal Druze ruling family.
Majida El Roumi
Majida El Roumi Baradhy (ماجدة الرومي برادعي; born 13 December 1956) is a Lebanese-Egyptian soprano singer and United Nations Goodwill Ambassador.
See Lebanon and Majida El Roumi
Mamluk Sultanate
The Mamluk Sultanate (translit), also known as Mamluk Egypt or the Mamluk Empire, was a state that ruled Egypt, the Levant and the Hejaz from the mid-13th to early 16th centuries.
See Lebanon and Mamluk Sultanate
Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
The Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon (Mandat pour la Syrie et le Liban; al-intidāb al-faransīalā sūriyā wa-lubnān, also referred to as the Levant States; 1923−1946) was a League of Nations mandate founded in the aftermath of the First World War and the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, concerning Syria and Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon
March 14 Alliance
The March 14 Alliance (taḥāluf 14 ādhār), named after the date of the Cedar Revolution, was a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon formed in 2005 that were united by their anti-Syrian stance and by their opposition to the March 8 Alliance.
See Lebanon and March 14 Alliance
March 8 Alliance
The March 8 Alliance (taḥāluf 8 adhār) is a coalition of political parties and independents in Lebanon formed in 2005 that are united by their pro-Syrian stance and their opposition to the former March 14 Alliance.
See Lebanon and March 8 Alliance
Marjeyoun District
The Marjeyoun District is a district in the Nabatieh Governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Marjeyoun District
Market capitalization
Market capitalization, sometimes referred to as market cap, is the total value of a publicly traded company's outstanding common shares owned by stockholders.
See Lebanon and Market capitalization
Maron
Maron, also called Maroun or Maro (ܡܪܘܢ,; مَارُون; Maron; Μάρων), was a 4th-century Syrian Syriac Christian hermit monk in the Taurus Mountains whose followers, after his death, founded a religious Christian movement that became known as the Maronite Church, in full communion with the Holy See and the Catholic Church.
Maronite Church
The Maronite Church (لكنيسة المارونية; ܥܕܬܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ ܡܪܘܢܝܬܐ) is an Eastern Catholic sui iuris particular church in full communion with the pope and the worldwide Catholic Church, with self-governance under the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches.
See Lebanon and Maronite Church
Maronites
Maronites (Al-Mawārinah; Marunoye) are a Syriac Christian ethnoreligious group native to the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant region of West Asia, whose members traditionally belong to the Maronite Church, with the largest concentration long residing near Mount Lebanon in modern Lebanon.
Mass media in Lebanon
Lebanon is not only a regional center of media production but also one of the most liberal and free in the Middle East.
See Lebanon and Mass media in Lebanon
Matn District
Matn (قضاء المتن), sometimes spelled Metn (or preceded by the article El, as in El Matn), is a district (qadaa) in the Mount Lebanon Governorate of Lebanon, east of the Lebanon's capital Beirut.
Meat
Meat is animal tissue, often muscle, that is eaten as food.
See Lebanon and Meat
Mediterranean Basin
In biogeography, the Mediterranean Basin, also known as the Mediterranean Region or sometimes Mediterranea, is the region of lands around the Mediterranean Sea that have mostly a Mediterranean climate, with mild to cool, rainy winters and warm to hot, dry summers, which supports characteristic Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub vegetation. Lebanon and Mediterranean Basin are Levant.
See Lebanon and Mediterranean Basin
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate, also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen as Cs, is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude).
See Lebanon and Mediterranean climate
Mediterranean Sea
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, on the east by the Levant in West Asia, and on the west almost by the Morocco–Spain border.
See Lebanon and Mediterranean Sea
Mehlis report
The Mehlis Report is the result of the United Nations investigation into the 14 February 2005 assassination of Lebanon's former prime minister Rafik al-Hariri.
Melkite
The term Melkite, also written Melchite, refers to various Eastern Christian churches of the Byzantine Rite and their members originating in West Asia.
Menachem Begin
Menachem Begin (Menaḥem Begin,; Menachem Begin (Polish documents, 1931–1937);; 16 August 1913 – 9 March 1992) was an Israeli politician, founder of Likud and the sixth Prime Minister of Israel.
See Lebanon and Menachem Begin
Meze
Meze (also spelled mezze or mezé) is a selection of small dishes served as appetizers in Levantine, Turkish, Balkan, Armenian, Kurdish, and Greek cuisines.
See Lebanon and Meze
Michel Aoun
Michel Naim Aoun (ميشال نعيمعون,; born 30 September 1933) is a Lebanese politician and former military general who served as the President of Lebanon from 31 October 2016 until 30 October 2022.
Michel Suleiman
Michel Suleiman (ميشال سليمان; born 21 November 1948) is a Lebanese politician who served as President of Lebanon from 2008 to 2014.
See Lebanon and Michel Suleiman
Mikhail Naimy
Mikha'il Nu'ayma (ميخائيل نعيمة,; US legal name: Michael Joseph Naimy), better known in English by his pen name Mikhail Naimy (October 17, 1889 – February 28, 1988), was a Lebanese poet, novelist, and philosopher, famous for his spiritual writings, notably The Book of Mirdad.
Ministry of Education and Higher Education (Lebanon)
The Republic of Lebanon Ministry of Education & Higher Education (الجمهورية اللبنانية وزارة التربية والتعليمالعالي) is a government agency of Lebanon headquartered in Beirut.
See Lebanon and Ministry of Education and Higher Education (Lebanon)
Ministry of Energy and Water (Lebanon)
The Ministry of Energy and Water is the government ministry responsible for energy, water, resources, mines and quarries in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Ministry of Energy and Water (Lebanon)
Ministry of Finance (Lebanon)
The Ministry of Finance (MOF; وزارة المالية) is a ministry of the government of Lebanon. Lebanon and ministry of Finance (Lebanon) are 1943 establishments in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Ministry of Finance (Lebanon)
Ministry of National Defense (Lebanon)
The Ministry of National Defense (وزارة الدفاع الوطني Wizārat al-Difāʾ al-Waṭanī) is Lebanon's service section for the Lebanese Armed Forces.
See Lebanon and Ministry of National Defense (Lebanon)
Ministry of Tourism (Lebanon)
The Ministry of Tourism (وزارة السياحة) is a government ministry of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Ministry of Tourism (Lebanon)
Miniyeh–Danniyeh District
Miniyeh-Danniyeh District is a district in the North Governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Miniyeh–Danniyeh District
Modern Standard Arabic
Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) or Modern Written Arabic (MWA) is the variety of standardized, literary Arabic that developed in the Arab world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and in some usages also the variety of spoken Arabic that approximates this written standard.
See Lebanon and Modern Standard Arabic
Mohammad Bannout
Mohammad Ali Bannout (محمد علي بنوت; born 17 December 1976, in Beirut, Lebanon), informally referred to as Moe Bannout, is a Lebanese IFBB professional bodybuilder.
See Lebanon and Mohammad Bannout
Monotheism
Monotheism is the belief that one god is the only deity.
Mount Hermon
Mount Hermon (جبل الشيخ or جبل حرمون / ALA-LC: Jabal al-Shaykh ('Mountain of the Sheikh') or Jabal Haramun; הַר חֶרְמוֹן, Har Ḥermōn) is a mountain cluster constituting the southern end of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range.
Mount Lebanon
Mount Lebanon (جَبَل لُبْنَان, jabal lubnān,; ܛܘܪ ܠܒ݂ܢܢ,,, ṭūr lewnōn) is a mountain range in Lebanon.
Mount Lebanon Governorate
Mount Lebanon Governorate (محافظة جبل لبنان) is one of the nine governorates of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Mount Lebanon Governorate
Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
The Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate (1861–1918, translit) was one of the Ottoman Empire's subdivisions following the Tanzimat reform.
See Lebanon and Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate
Mount Sannine
Mount Sannine (جبل صنين / ALA-LC: Jabal Șannīn) is a mountain in the Mount Lebanon range.
Moustafa Farroukh
Moustafa Farroukh (مصطفى فروخ; 1901 – 1957) was one of Lebanon's most prominent painters of the 20th century.
See Lebanon and Moustafa Farroukh
Mu'awiya I
Mu'awiya I (Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān; –April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death.
Muhafazah
A (مُحَافَظَات) is a first-level administrative division of many Arab countries, and a second-level administrative division in Saudi Arabia.
Muhammad
Muhammad (570 – 8 June 632 CE) was an Arab religious, social, and political leader and the founder of Islam.
Multinational Force in Lebanon
The Multinational Force in Lebanon (MNF) was an international peacekeeping force created in August 1982 following a 1981 U.S.-brokered ceasefire between the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) and Israel to end their involvement in the conflict between Lebanon's pro-government and pro-Syrian factions.
See Lebanon and Multinational Force in Lebanon
Music genre
A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions.
Muslim conquest of the Levant
The Muslim conquest of the Levant (Fatḥ al-šām; lit. "Conquest of Syria"), or Arab conquest of Syria, was a 634–638 CE invasion of Byzantine Syria by the Rashidun Caliphate.
See Lebanon and Muslim conquest of the Levant
Muslims
Muslims (God) are people who adhere to Islam, a monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic tradition.
Mutasarrif
Mutasarrif, mutesarrif, mutasarriff, or mutesarriff (متصرّف) was the title used in the Ottoman Empire and places like post-Ottoman Iraq for the governor of an administrative district in place of the usual sanjakbey.
Myocardial infarction
A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle.
See Lebanon and Myocardial infarction
Nabatieh District
The Nabatieh District is a district in the Nabatieh Governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Nabatieh District
Nabatieh Governorate
Nabatieh Governorate (محافظة النبطية) is one of the nine governorates of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Nabatieh Governorate
Nabih Berri
Nabih Mustafa Berri (translit; born 28 January 1938) is a Lebanese politician who has been serving as Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon since 1992.
Naharnet
Naharnet is one of the first Lebanese online media after An Nahar newspaper was online in September 1995.
Nahr al-Bared refugee camp
Nahr al-Bared (نهر البارد, literally: Cold River) is a Palestinian refugee camp in northern Lebanon, 16 km from the city of Tripoli.
See Lebanon and Nahr al-Bared refugee camp
Najib Mikati
Najib Azmi Mikati (نجيب عزمي ميقاتي; born 24 November 1955) is a Lebanese politician and businessman who has served as the prime minister of Lebanon since September 2021.
Najwa Karam
Najwa Karam (نجوى كرم,; born 26 February 1966) is a Lebanese multi-platinum singer-songwriter, producer, fashion icon, and TV personality.
Napoleonic Code
The Napoleonic Code, officially the Civil Code of the French (simply referred to as Code civil), is the French civil code established during the French Consulate in 1804 and still in force in France, although heavily and frequently amended since its inception.
See Lebanon and Napoleonic Code
Naqoura
Naqoura (Enn Nâqoura, Naqoura, An Nāqūrah) is a small city in southern Lebanon.
National Anthem of Lebanon
The Lebanese National Anthem (النشيد الوطني اللبناني), officially known as "", was written by Rashid Nakhle and composed by Wadih Sabra.
See Lebanon and National Anthem of Lebanon
National Pact
The National Pact (translit) is an unwritten agreement that laid the foundation of Lebanon as a multiconfessional state following negotiations between the Shia, Sunni, and Maronite leaderships.
National Rugby League
The National Rugby League (known as the NRL Telstra Premiership due to sponsorship) is a professional rugby league competition in Australasia which contains clubs from New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria, the Australian Capital Territory and New Zealand.
See Lebanon and National Rugby League
Navigability
A body of water, such as a river, canal or lake, is navigable if it is deep, wide and calm enough for a water vessel (e.g. boats) to pass safely.
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, officially known as the German Reich and later the Greater German Reich, was the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
Nejmeh SC
Nejmeh Sporting Club (lit) is a football club based in Manara, a neighbourhood in Ras Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon, that competes in the.
Neo-Assyrian Empire
The Neo-Assyrian Empire was the fourth and penultimate stage of ancient Assyrian history.
See Lebanon and Neo-Assyrian Empire
Neo-Babylonian Empire
The Neo-Babylonian Empire or Second Babylonian Empire, historically known as the Chaldean Empire, was the last polity ruled by monarchs native to Mesopotamia until Faisal II in the 20th century.
See Lebanon and Neo-Babylonian Empire
Neolithic
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
New Kingdom of Egypt
The New Kingdom, also referred to as the Egyptian Empire, was the ancient Egyptian state between the 16th century BC and the 11th century BC.
See Lebanon and New Kingdom of Egypt
Non-Aligned Movement
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 countries that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc.
See Lebanon and Non-Aligned Movement
North Governorate
North Governorate (الشمال) is one of the governorates of Lebanon and one of the two governorates of North Lebanon.
See Lebanon and North Governorate
North Lebanon
North Lebanon (Shamal Lubnan) is the northern region of Lebanon comprising the North Governorate and Akkar Governorate.
Notre Dame University–Louaize
Notre Dame University–Louaize (NDU; جامعة سيدة اللويزة) is a private Catholic university in Zouk Mosbeh, Lebanon, founded as Louaize College for Higher Education in 1978 in cooperation with Beirut University College.
See Lebanon and Notre Dame University–Louaize
Olympic Games
The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (Jeux olympiques) are the leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.
Open burning of waste
The open burning of waste is a disposal method of waste or garbage.
See Lebanon and Open burning of waste
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
The Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF; sometimes shortened to the Francophonie, La Francophonie, sometimes also called International Organisation of italic in English) is an international organization representing countries and regions where French is a lingua franca or customary language, where a significant proportion of the population are francophones (French speakers), or where there is a notable affiliation with French culture.
See Lebanon and Organisation internationale de la Francophonie
Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC; Munaẓẓamat at-Taʿāwun al-ʾIslāmī; Organisation de la coopération islamique), formerly the Organisation of the Islamic Conference, is an intergovernmental organization founded in 1969.
See Lebanon and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
Ottoman Army (1861–1922)
The Ottoman Army was the army of the Ottoman Empire after the country was reorganized along modern western European lines during the Tanzimat modernization period.
See Lebanon and Ottoman Army (1861–1922)
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
See Lebanon and Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Turks
The Ottoman Turks (Osmanlı Türkleri) were a Turkic ethnic group.
Outline of Lebanon
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Lebanon: Lebanon – sovereign country located along the eastern edge of the Mediterranean Sea in Southwest Asia and the Middle East.
See Lebanon and Outline of Lebanon
Palestine (region)
The region of Palestine, also known as Historic Palestine, is a geographical area in West Asia.
See Lebanon and Palestine (region)
Palestine Liberation Organization
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO; منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية) is a Palestinian nationalist coalition that is internationally recognized as the official representative of the Palestinian people; i.e. the globally dispersed population, not just those in the Palestinian territories who are represented by the Palestinian Authority.
See Lebanon and Palestine Liberation Organization
Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
The Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon was a multi-sided armed conflict initiated by Palestinian militants against Israel in 1968 and against Lebanese Christian militias in the mid-1970s.
See Lebanon and Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon
Palestinian right of return
The Palestinian right of return is the political position or principle that Palestinian refugees, both first-generation refugees (c. 30,000 to 50,000 people still alive) and their descendants (c. 5 million people), have a right to return and a right to the property they themselves or their forebears left behind or were forced to leave in what is now Israel and the Palestinian territories (both formerly part of the British Mandate of Palestine) during the 1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight (a result of the 1948 Palestine war) and the 1967 Six-Day War.
See Lebanon and Palestinian right of return
Palestinians in Lebanon
Palestinians in Lebanon include the Palestinian refugees who fled to Lebanon during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, their descendants, the Palestinian militias which resided in Lebanon in the 1970s and 1980s, and Palestinian nationals who moved to Lebanon from countries experiencing conflict, such as Syria.
See Lebanon and Palestinians in Lebanon
Palmyra Castle
Palmyra Castle, also known as Fakhr-al-Din al-Ma'ani Castle (قلعة فخر الدين المعني) or Tadmur Castle, is a castle overlooking Palmyra in the province of Homs, Syria.
See Lebanon and Palmyra Castle
Panethnicity
Panethnicity is a political neologism used to group various ethnic groups together based on their related cultural origins; geographic, linguistic, religious, or 'racial' (i.e. phenotypic) similarities are often used alone or in combination to draw panethnic boundaries.
Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
The Paris Peace Conference was a set of formal and informal diplomatic meetings in 1919 and 1920 after the end of World War I, in which the victorious Allies set the peace terms for the defeated Central Powers.
See Lebanon and Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)
Parliament of Lebanon
The Lebanese Parliament (translit, English "House of Representatives", Parlement Libanais) is the national parliament of the Republic of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Parliament of Lebanon
Parliamentary republic
A parliamentary republic is a republic that operates under a parliamentary system of government where the executive branch (the government) derives its legitimacy from and is accountable to the legislature (the parliament).
See Lebanon and Parliamentary republic
Parliamentary system
A parliamentary system, or parliamentary democracy, is a system of democratic government where the head of government (who may also be the head of state) derives their democratic legitimacy from their ability to command the support ("confidence") of the legislature, typically a parliament, to which they are accountable.
See Lebanon and Parliamentary system
Parsley
Parsley, or garden parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is a species of flowering plant in the family Apiaceae that is native to Greece, Morocco and the former Yugoslavia.
PBS
The Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) is an American public broadcaster and non-commercial, free-to-air television network based in Crystal City, Virginia.
See Lebanon and PBS
Perennial stream
A perennial stream is a stream that has continuous flow of surface water throughout the year in at least parts of its catchment during seasons of normal rainfall, Water Supply Paper 494.
See Lebanon and Perennial stream
Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council
The permanent members of the United Nations Security Council (also known as the Permanent Five, Big Five, or P5) are the five sovereign states to whom the UN Charter of 1945 grants a permanent seat on the UN Security Council: China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, and United States.
See Lebanon and Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council
Petroleum
Petroleum or crude oil, also referred to as simply oil, is a naturally occurring yellowish-black liquid mixture of mainly hydrocarbons, and is found in geological formations.
Philip K. Hitti
Philip Khuri Hitti (فيليب خوري حتي; 22 June 1886 – 24 December 1978) was a Lebanese-American professor and scholar at Princeton and Harvard University, and authority on Arab and Middle Eastern history, Islam, and Semitic languages.
See Lebanon and Philip K. Hitti
Phoenice (Roman province)
Phoenice (Syria Phoenīcē; hē Phoinī́kē Syría) was a province of the Roman Empire, encompassing the historical region of Phoenicia.
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Phoenicia
Phoenicia, or Phœnicia, was an ancient Semitic thalassocratic civilization originating in the coastal strip of the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily located in modern Lebanon.
Phoenician alphabet
The Phoenician alphabet is an abjad (consonantal alphabet) used across the Mediterranean civilization of Phoenicia for most of the 1st millennium BC.
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Phoenician language
Phoenician (Phoenician) is an extinct Canaanite Semitic language originally spoken in the region surrounding the cities of Tyre and Sidon.
See Lebanon and Phoenician language
Physical geography
Physical geography (also known as physiography) is one of the three main branches of geography.
See Lebanon and Physical geography
Pierre Gemayel
Pierre Amine Gemayel, also spelled Jmayyel, Jemayyel or al-Jumayyil (بيار الجميّل.; 6 November 1905 – 29 August 1984), was a Lebanese political leader.
See Lebanon and Pierre Gemayel
PLO in Lebanon
The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) was based in Lebanon for a significant period of time (1960s-1982), using their set-up in the country to expand as an organization, gathering support and maintaining their armed struggle with Israel.
See Lebanon and PLO in Lebanon
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
Political freedom
Political freedom (also known as political autonomy or political agency) is a central concept in history and political thought and one of the most important features of democratic societies.
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Pompey
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (29 September 106 BC – 28 September 48 BC), known in English as Pompey or Pompey the Great, was a general and statesman of the Roman Republic.
Ponzi scheme
A Ponzi scheme is a form of fraud that lures investors and pays profits to earlier investors with funds from more recent investors.
Poverty in Lebanon
Poverty in Lebanon refers to a variety of situations.
See Lebanon and Poverty in Lebanon
President of Lebanon
The president of the Lebanese Republic (Ra’īs al-Jumhūriyyah al-Lubnāniyyah) is the head of state of Lebanon. Lebanon and president of Lebanon are 1943 establishments in Lebanon.
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Prime Minister of Lebanon
The prime minister of Lebanon, officially the president of the Council of Ministers, is the head of government and the head of the Council of Ministers of Lebanon. Lebanon and prime Minister of Lebanon are 1943 establishments in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Prime Minister of Lebanon
Qabrikha
Qabrikha, also spelled Abrika or Kabrika, is a village in the Marjeyoun District, in southern Lebanon.
Qana massacre
The Qana massacre took place on April 18, 1996, near Qana, a village in Southern Lebanon, when the Israel Defense Forces fired artillery shells at a United Nations compound.
Qurnat as Sawda'
Qurnat as Sawdā (القرنة السوداء) is the highest point in Lebanon and the Levant, at above sea level.
See Lebanon and Qurnat as Sawda'
Rafic Hariri
Rafic Bahaa El Deen al-Hariri (translit; 1 November 1944 – 14 February 2005), also known as Rafiq al-Hariri, was a Lebanese businessman and politician, who served as the Prime Minister of Lebanon from 1992 to 1998 and again from 2000 until he resigned on, before his assassination in 2005.
Rafting
Rafting and whitewater rafting are recreational outdoor activities which use an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other body of water.
Rain shadow
A rain shadow is an area of significantly reduced rainfall behind a mountainous region, on the side facing away from prevailing winds, known as its leeward side.
Rammal Rammal
Rammal Hassan Rammal (رمال حسن رمال; September 30, 1951 – May 31, 1991) was a Lebanese condensed matter physicist.
Rashaya District
Rashaya District (قضاء راشيا) is an administrative district in the Beqaa Governorate of the Republic of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Rashaya District
Rashidun Caliphate
The Rashidun Caliphate (al-Khilāfah ar-Rāšidah) was the first caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
See Lebanon and Rashidun Caliphate
Raymond Ghajar
Raymond Ghajar is a Lebanese politician.
See Lebanon and Raymond Ghajar
Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse
Raymond of Saint-Gilles (1041 – 28 February 1105), also called Raymond IV of Toulouse or Raymond I of Tripoli, was the count of Toulouse, duke of Narbonne, and margrave of Provence from 1094, and one of the leaders of the First Crusade from 1096 to 1099.
See Lebanon and Raymond IV, Count of Toulouse
Règlement Organique (Mount Lebanon)
The Règlement Organique ("Organic Regulation") was a series of international conventions, between 1860 and 1864, between the Ottoman Empire and the European Powers, which led to the creation of the Mount Lebanon Mutasarrifate.
See Lebanon and Règlement Organique (Mount Lebanon)
Refugee
A refugee, conventionally speaking, is a person who has lost the protection of their country of origin and who cannot or is unwilling to return there due to well-founded fear of persecution. Such a person may be called an asylum seeker until granted refugee status by a contracting state or by the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) if they formally make a claim for asylum.
Refugees of the Syrian civil war
Refugees of the Syrian civil war are citizens and permanent residents of Syria who have fled the country throughout the Syrian civil war.
See Lebanon and Refugees of the Syrian civil war
Reporters Without Borders
Reporters Without Borders (RWB; Reporters sans frontières; RSF) is an international non-profit and non-governmental organization focused on safeguarding the right to freedom of information.
See Lebanon and Reporters Without Borders
Reserved political positions
Several politico-constitutional arrangements use reserved political positions, especially when endeavoring to ensure the rights of women, minorities or other segments of society, or preserving a political balance of power.
See Lebanon and Reserved political positions
Resistance and Liberation Day (Lebanon)
Resistance and Liberation Day (Arabic:عيد المقاومة والتحرير, Yawm al-Muqawamat Waltahrir) is a Lebanese holiday celebrated on May 25.
See Lebanon and Resistance and Liberation Day (Lebanon)
Right of asylum
The right of asylum, sometimes called right of political asylum (asylum), is an ancient juridical concept, under which people persecuted by their own rulers might be protected by another sovereign authority, such as a second country or another entity which in medieval times could offer sanctuary.
See Lebanon and Right of asylum
Roda Antar
Roda Abdelhassan Antar (رضا عبد الحسن عنتر; born 12 September 1980) is a Lebanese professional football manager and former player.
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Roman province
The Roman provinces (pl.) were the administrative regions of Ancient Rome outside Roman Italy that were controlled by the Romans under the Roman Republic and later the Roman Empire.
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Roman Republic
The Roman Republic (Res publica Romana) was the era of classical Roman civilization beginning with the overthrow of the Roman Kingdom (traditionally dated to 509 BC) and ending in 27 BC with the establishment of the Roman Empire following the War of Actium.
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Roman Rota
The Roman Rota, formally the Apostolic Tribunal of the Roman Rota (Tribunal Apostolicum Rotae Romanae), and anciently the Apostolic Court of Audience, is the highest appellate tribunal of the Catholic Church, with respect to both Latin Church members and the Eastern Catholic members and is the highest ecclesiastical court constituted by the Holy See related to judicial trials conducted in the Catholic Church.
Roman–Persian Wars
The Roman–Persian Wars, also known as the Roman–Iranian Wars, were a series of conflicts between states of the Greco-Roman world and two successive Iranian empires: the Parthian and the Sasanian.
See Lebanon and Roman–Persian Wars
Rugby league in Lebanon
The seeds of rugby league in Lebanon lie in Australia.
See Lebanon and Rugby league in Lebanon
Saad Haddad
Saad Haddad (سعد حداد; 1936 – 14 January 1984) was a Lebanese military officer who was the founder and head of the South Lebanon Army (SLA) during the Lebanese Civil War.
Saad Hariri
Saad El-Din Rafik Al-Hariri (translit; born 18 April 1970) is a Lebanese-Saudi businessman and politician who served as the prime minister of Lebanon from 2009 to 2011 and 2016 to 2020.
Sabah (singer)
Sabah (Ṣabāḥ,; born Jeanette Gergis Feghali; 10 November 1927 – 26 November 2014) was a Lebanese singer and actress.
See Lebanon and Sabah (singer)
Sabra and Shatila massacre
The Sabra and Shatila massacre was the 16–18 September 1982 killing of between 1,300 and 3,500 civiliansmostly Palestinians and Lebanese Shiasin the city of Beirut during the Lebanese Civil War.
See Lebanon and Sabra and Shatila massacre
Sagesse SC (basketball)
Sagesse Sports Club (French: Club Sportif de la Sagesse), known as Hekmeh in Arabic, is a Lebanese sports club based in Beirut.
See Lebanon and Sagesse SC (basketball)
Saint Joseph University of Beirut
Saint Joseph University of Beirut (جامعة القديس يوسف في بيروت; French: Université Saint-Joseph de Beyrouth, commonly known as USJ) is a private Roman Catholic research university located in Beirut, Lebanon, which was founded in 1875 by French Jesuit missionaries and subsidized by the Government of France during the time when Lebanon was under Ottoman rule.
See Lebanon and Saint Joseph University of Beirut
Samir Bannout
Samir Bannout (سمير بنّوت) (born November 7, 1955) is a Lebanese former professional bodybuilder and commentator.
Samir Geagea
Samir Farid Geagea (سمير فريد جعجع,, also spelled Samir Ja'ja'; born 25 October 1952) is a Lebanese politician and former militia commander who has been the leader of the Lebanese Forces party and former militia since 1986.
Samir Kassir
Samir Kassir (سمير قصير, 5 May 1960 – 2 June 2005) was a Lebanese-Palestinian journalist of An-Nahar and professor of history at Saint-Joseph University, who was an advocate of democracy and prominent opponent of the Syrian occupation of Lebanon.
San Remo conference
The San Remo conference was an international meeting of the post-World War I Allied Supreme Council as an outgrowth of the Paris Peace Conference, held at Castle Devachan in Sanremo, Italy, from 19 to 26 April 1920.
See Lebanon and San Remo conference
Sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains, cemented together by another mineral.
Sanjak-bey
Sanjak-bey, sanjaq-bey or -beg (سنجاق بك) was the title given in the Ottoman Empire to a bey (a high-ranking officer, but usually not a pasha) appointed to the military and administrative command of a district (sanjak, in Arabic liwa’), hence the equivalent Arabic title of amir liwa (أمير لواء) He was answerable to a superior wāli or another provincial governor.
Sasanian Empire
The Sasanian Empire or Sassanid Empire, and officially known as Eranshahr ("Land/Empire of the Iranians"), was the last Iranian empire before the early Muslim conquests of the 7th to 8th centuries.
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is a country in West Asia and the Middle East. Lebanon and Saudi Arabia are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, countries in Asia, member states of the Arab League, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries and west Asian countries.
Save the Children
The Save the Children Fund, commonly known as Save the Children, is an international, non-governmental organization.
See Lebanon and Save the Children
Sectarianism
Sectarianism is a debated concept.
Seljuk Empire
The Seljuk Empire, or the Great Seljuk Empire, was a high medieval, culturally Turco-Persian, Sunni Muslim empire, established and ruled by the Qïnïq branch of Oghuz Turks.
Semitic root
The roots of verbs and most nouns in the Semitic languages are characterized as a sequence of consonants or "radicals" (hence the term consonantal root).
Senegal
Senegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is the westernmost country in West Africa, situated on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal nearly surrounds The Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country. Lebanon and Senegal are member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Sharia
Sharia (sharīʿah) is a body of religious law that forms a part of the Islamic tradition based on scriptures of Islam, particularly the Quran and hadith.
Shebaa Farms
The Shebaa Farms, also spelled Sheba'a Farms (مزارع شبعا,; חוות שבעא Havot Sheba‘a), also known as Mount Dov (translit), is a small strip of land at the intersection of the Lebanese–Syrian border and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights.
Shia Islam
Shia Islam is the second-largest branch of Islam.
Sidon
Sidon or Saida (Ṣaydā) is the third-largest city in Lebanon.
Sidon District
The Sidon District (قضاء صيدا) is a district within the South Governorate of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Sidon District
Siege of Beirut
During the 1982 Lebanon War, the city of Beirut was besieged by Israel following the breakdown of the ceasefire that had been imposed by the United Nations amidst the Lebanese Civil War.
See Lebanon and Siege of Beirut
Siege of Tyre (332 BC)
The Siege of Tyre was orchestrated by Alexander the Great in 332 BC during his campaigns against the Persians.
See Lebanon and Siege of Tyre (332 BC)
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leone, (also,; Salone) officially the Republic of Sierra Leone, is a country on the southwest coast of West Africa. Lebanon and Sierra Leone are member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Skiing in Lebanon
Skiing in Lebanon has been a sport since an engineering student returning from studying in Switzerland brought back with him the sport of skiing to Lebanon in the early twentieth century.
See Lebanon and Skiing in Lebanon
Solomon
Solomon, also called Jedidiah, was a monarch of ancient Israel and the son and successor of King David, according to the Hebrew Bible or Old Testament.
Solomon's Temple
Solomon's Temple, also known as the First Temple, was a biblical Temple in Jerusalem believed to have existed between the 10th and 6th centuries BCE.
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South Governorate
South Governorate (muḥāfaẓat al-Janūb, or simply الجنوب) is one of the governorates of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and South Governorate
South Lebanon Army
The South Lebanon Army or South Lebanese Army (SLA; جيش لبنان الجنوبي), also known as the Lahad Army (label) or as the De Facto Forces (DFF), was a Christian-dominated militia in Lebanon.
See Lebanon and South Lebanon Army
Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
The Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests ecoregion, in the Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub biome, is in the eastern Mediterranean Basin. Lebanon and Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests are eastern Mediterranean.
See Lebanon and Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
Southern Lebanon
Southern Lebanon is the area of Lebanon comprising the South Governorate and the Nabatiye Governorate.
See Lebanon and Southern Lebanon
Spain
Spain, formally the Kingdom of Spain, is a country located in Southwestern Europe, with parts of its territory in the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and Africa. Lebanon and Spain are member states of the Union for the Mediterranean and member states of the United Nations.
Speaker (politics)
The speaker of a deliberative assembly, especially a legislative body, is its presiding officer, or the chair.
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Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon
The legislative speaker of Lebanon is the highest office in the legislative body of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Speaker of the Parliament of Lebanon
Special Tribunal for Lebanon
The Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL), also referred to as the Lebanon Tribunal or the Hariri Tribunal, is a tribunal of international character applying Lebanese criminal law under the authority of the United Nations to carry out the investigation and prosecution of those responsible for 14 February 2005 assassination of Rafic Hariri, the former Lebanese prime minister, and the deaths of 21 others, as well as those responsible for connected attacks.
See Lebanon and Special Tribunal for Lebanon
Sudan
Sudan, officially the Republic of the Sudan, is a country in Northeast Africa. Lebanon and Sudan are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, member states of the Arab League, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and member states of the United Nations.
Suicide attack
A suicide attack is a deliberate attack in which the perpetrators knowingly sacrifice their own lives as part of the attack.
See Lebanon and Suicide attack
Sydney
Sydney is the capital city of the state of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia.
Sykes–Picot Agreement
The Sykes–Picot Agreement was a 1916 secret treaty between the United Kingdom and France, with assent from the Russian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy, to define their mutually agreed spheres of influence and control in an eventual partition of the Ottoman Empire.
See Lebanon and Sykes–Picot Agreement
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant. Lebanon and Syria are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, countries in Asia, eastern Mediterranean, Levant, member states of the Arab League, member states of the United Nations, middle Eastern countries and west Asian countries.
Syria–Lebanon campaign
The Syria–Lebanon campaign, also known as Operation Exporter, was the invasion of Syria and Lebanon (then controlled by Vichy France) in June and July 1941 by British Empire forces, during the Second World War.
See Lebanon and Syria–Lebanon campaign
Syriac language
The Syriac language (Leššānā Suryāyā), also known natively in its spoken form in early Syriac literature as Edessan (Urhāyā), the Mesopotamian language (Nahrāyā) and Aramaic (Aramāyā), is an Eastern Middle Aramaic dialect. Classical Syriac is the academic term used to refer to the dialect's literary usage and standardization, distinguishing it from other Aramaic dialects also known as 'Syriac' or 'Syrian'.
See Lebanon and Syriac language
Syriac Orthodox Church
The Syriac Orthodox Church (ʿIdto Sūryoyto Trīṣath Shubḥo); also known as West Syriac Church or West Syrian Church, officially known as the Syriac Orthodox Patriarchate of Antioch and All the East, and informally as the Jacobite Church, is an Oriental Orthodox church that branched from the Church of Antioch.
See Lebanon and Syriac Orthodox Church
Syrian civil war
The Syrian civil war is an ongoing multi-sided conflict in Syria involving various state-sponsored and non-state actors.
See Lebanon and Syrian civil war
Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon
Between 2011 and 2017, fighting from the Syrian civil war spilled over into Lebanon as opponents and supporters of the Syrian Arab Republic traveled to Lebanon to fight and attack each other on Lebanese soil.
See Lebanon and Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon
Syrian occupation of Lebanon
The Syrian occupation of Lebanon (Arabic: الاحتلال السوري للبنان) lasted from 1976, beginning with the Syrian intervention in the Lebanese Civil War, until April 30, 2005.
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Syrians in Lebanon
Syrians in Lebanon (السوريون في لبنان) refers to the Syrian migrant workers and, more recently, to the Syrian refugees who fled to Lebanon during the Syrian Civil War.
See Lebanon and Syrians in Lebanon
Tabbouleh
Tabbouleh (translit), also transcribed tabouleh, tabbouli, tabouli, or taboulah, is a Levantine salad made mostly of finely chopped parsley, with tomatoes, mint, onion, soaked uncooked bulgur, and seasoned with olive oil, lemon juice, salt and sweet pepper.
Taif Agreement
The Taif Agreement (اتفاق الطائف, Accord de Taëf), officially known as the (وثيقة الوفاق الوطني), was reached to provide "the basis for the ending of the civil war and the return to political normalcy in Lebanon".
See Lebanon and Taif Agreement
Tannourine
Tannourine (تنورين, also Tannoureen, Tannorine) is a Lebanese town located in the Batroun District, part of the Governorate of North Lebanon, 80 km from the capital Beirut.
Tanzimat
The (lit, see nizam) was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876.
Telephone numbers in Lebanon
In Lebanon, the area codes are, including the leading 0, two, three or four.
See Lebanon and Telephone numbers in Lebanon
The Daily Star (Lebanon)
The Daily Star was an English-language newspaper in Lebanon which was distributed across the Middle East.
See Lebanon and The Daily Star (Lebanon)
The Prophet (book)
The Prophet is a book of 26 prose poetry fables written in English by the Lebanese-American poet and writer Kahlil Gibran.
See Lebanon and The Prophet (book)
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
The Washington Institute for Near East Policy (WINEP or TWI, also known simply as The Washington Institute) is a pro-Israel American think tank based in Washington, D.C., focused on the foreign policy of the United States in the Near East.
See Lebanon and The Washington Institute for Near East Policy
The World Factbook
The World Factbook, also known as the CIA World Factbook, is a reference resource produced by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) with almanac-style information about the countries of the world.
See Lebanon and The World Factbook
Third Cabinet of Najib Mikati
On 10 September 2021, a new government headed by Najib Mikati was formed in Lebanon, 13 months after the resignation of former Prime Minister Hassan Diab in August 2020.
See Lebanon and Third Cabinet of Najib Mikati
Tomato
The tomato is the edible berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as the tomato plant.
Total fertility rate
The total fertility rate (TFR) of a population is the average number of children that are born to a woman over her lifetime, if they were to experience the exact current age-specific fertility rates (ASFRs) through their lifetime, and they were to live from birth until the end of their reproductive life.
See Lebanon and Total fertility rate
Treaty of Sèvres
The Treaty of Sèvres (Traité de Sèvres) was a 1920 treaty signed between the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire.
See Lebanon and Treaty of Sèvres
Tripoli District, Lebanon
The Tripoli District is a small, but very densely populated district in the North Governorate of Lebanon.
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Tripoli, Lebanon
Tripoli (طَرَابُلُس) is the largest and most important city in northern Lebanon and the second-largest city in the country.
See Lebanon and Tripoli, Lebanon
Tunisia
Tunisia, officially the Republic of Tunisia, is the northernmost country in Africa. Lebanon and Tunisia are countries and territories where Arabic is an official language, member states of the Arab League, member states of the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, member states of the Union for the Mediterranean, member states of the United Nations and republics.
Tyre District
The Tyre District is a district in the South Governorate of Lebanon.
Tyre, Lebanon
Tyre (translit; translit; Týros) or Tyr, Sur, or Sour is a city in Lebanon, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, though in medieval times for some centuries by just a small population.
Umayyad Caliphate
The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
See Lebanon and Umayyad Caliphate
Unicameralism
Unicameralism (from uni- "one" + Latin camera "chamber") is a type of legislature consisting of one house or assembly that legislates and votes as one.
United Arab Republic
The United Arab Republic (UAR; translit) was a sovereign state in the Middle East from 1958 until 1961.
See Lebanon and United Arab Republic
United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is a diplomatic and political international organization whose stated purposes are to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, achieve international cooperation, and serve as a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations.
See Lebanon and United Nations
United Nations Development Programme
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)Programme des Nations unies pour le développement, PNUD is a United Nations agency tasked with helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
See Lebanon and United Nations Development Programme
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) is a United Nations agency mandated to aid and protect refugees, forcibly displaced communities, and stateless people, and to assist in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to a third country.
See Lebanon and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine
The United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine (UNISPAL) is an online collection of texts of current and historical United Nations decisions and publications concerning the question of Palestine, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and other issues related to the Middle East situation.
See Lebanon and United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine
United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
The United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (قوة الأممالمتحدة المؤقتة في لبنان, כוח האו"ם הזמני בלבנון), or UNIFIL (يونيفيل, יוניפי״ל), is a UN peacekeeping mission established on 19 March 1978 by United Nations Security Council Resolutions 425 and 426, to confirm Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon which Israel had invaded five days prior, in order to ensure that the government of Lebanon would restore its effective authority in the area.
See Lebanon and United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon
United Nations International Independent Investigation Commission
The United Nations International Independent Investigation Commission (UNIIIC) was established on 7 April 2005 by Security Council Resolution 1595 to investigate the assassination of former Prime Minister of Lebanon, Rafic Hariri, who had been killed in Beirut on 14 February 2005.
See Lebanon and United Nations International Independent Investigation Commission
United Nations Security Council
The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN) and is charged with ensuring international peace and security, recommending the admission of new UN members to the General Assembly, and approving any changes to the UN Charter.
See Lebanon and United Nations Security Council
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1595
United Nations Security Council resolution 1595, adopted unanimously on 7 April 2005, after recalling its support for the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of Lebanon, the council established a commission to assist Lebanese authorities in their investigation of the assassination of former Prime Minister Rafic Hariri in Beirut on 14 February 2005.
See Lebanon and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1595
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 is a resolution that was intended to resolve the 2006 Lebanon War.
See Lebanon and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701
United Nations Security Council Resolution 425
United Nations Security Council Resolution 425, adopted on 19 March 1978, five days after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in the context of Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon and the Lebanese Civil War, called on Israel to withdraw immediately its forces from Lebanon and established the United Nations Interim Force In Lebanon (UNIFIL).
See Lebanon and United Nations Security Council Resolution 425
United States Agency for International Development
The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) is an independent agency of the United States government that is primarily responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance.
See Lebanon and United States Agency for International Development
United States Forest Service
The United States Forest Service (USFS) is an agency within the U.S. Department of Agriculture that administers the nation's 154 national forests and 20 national grasslands covering of land.
See Lebanon and United States Forest Service
United States Marine Corps
The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is the maritime land force service branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting expeditionary and amphibious operations through combined arms, implementing its own infantry, artillery, aerial, and special operations forces.
See Lebanon and United States Marine Corps
United States military aid
The United States government first recognized the usefulness of foreign aid as a tool of diplomacy in World War II.
See Lebanon and United States military aid
University of Balamand
The University of Balamand (UOB; جامعة البلمند) is a private institution, secular in its policies and approach to education.
See Lebanon and University of Balamand
Uthman
Uthman ibn Affan (translit; 17 June 656) was the third caliph, ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656.
V-Dem Democracy Indices
The Democracy Indices by V-Dem are democracy indices published by the V-Dem Institute that describe qualities of different democracies.
See Lebanon and V-Dem Democracy Indices
Vichy France
Vichy France (Régime de Vichy; 10 July 1940 – 9 August 1944), officially the French State (État français), was the French rump state headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain during World War II.
Wadih El Safi
Wadih El Safi (Wadīʿ aṣ-Ṣāfī, born Wadih Francis; November 1, 1921 – October 11, 2013) was a Lebanese singer and composer.
Walid Eido
Walid Eido (وليد عيدو; 2 April 1942 – 13 June 2007) was a member of the Future Movement, Lebanese political movement and a member of the Lebanese Parliament.
Walid Raad
Walid Raad (Ra'ad) (Arabic: وليد رعد) (born 1967 in Chbanieh, Lebanon) is a contemporary media artist.
War
War is an armed conflict between the armed forces of states, or between governmental forces and armed groups that are organized under a certain command structure and have the capacity to sustain military operations, or between such organized groups.
See Lebanon and War
War of the Camps
The War of the Camps (Arabic: حرب المعسكرات|Harb al-Mukhayimat), was a subconflict within the 1984–1990 phase of the Lebanese Civil War, in which the Palestinian refugee camps in Beirut were besieged by the Shia Amal militia.
See Lebanon and War of the Camps
West Africa
West Africa, or Western Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa. The United Nations defines Western Africa as the 16 countries of Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo, as well as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom Overseas Territory).Paul R.
West Asia
West Asia, also called Western Asia or Southwest Asia, is the westernmost region of Asia.
Western Beqaa District
Western Beqaa District (قضاء البقاع الغربي) is an administrative district in the Beqaa Governorate of the Republic of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Western Beqaa District
WhatsApp (officially WhatsApp Messenger) is an instant messaging (IM) and voice-over-IP (VoIP) service owned by technology conglomerate Meta.
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a staple food around the world.
Wildfire
A wildfire, forest fire, or a bushfire is an unplanned, uncontrolled and unpredictable fire in an area of combustible vegetation.
William Shakespeare
William Shakespeare (23 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English playwright, poet and actor.
See Lebanon and William Shakespeare
Workforce
In macroeconomics, the labor force is the sum of those either working (i.e., the employed) or looking for work (i.e., the unemployed): \text.
World Bank
The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects.
World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland that regulates and facilitates international trade.
See Lebanon and World Trade Organization
World Values Survey
The World Values Survey (WVS) is a global research project that explores people's values and beliefs, how they change over time, and what social and political impact they have.
See Lebanon and World Values Survey
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Youssef Bey Karam
Youssef Bey Karam (يوسف بك كرم, also Joseph Bey Karam; May 15, 1823 – April 7, 1889) was a Lebanese Maronite notable for fighting in the 1860 civil conflict and leading a rebellion in 1866–1867 against Ottoman rule in Mount Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Youssef Bey Karam
Youssef Mohamad (footballer, born 1980)
Youssef Wassef Mohamad (يوسف واصف محمد; born 1 July 1980), also known as Dodo, is a Lebanese former professional footballer who is assistant coach of the Lebanon national team.
See Lebanon and Youssef Mohamad (footballer, born 1980)
Zahlé
Zahlé (زَحْلة) is a city in eastern Lebanon, and is the capital and the largest city of Beqaa Governorate, Lebanon.
Zahlé District
Zahlé District (قضاء زحلة) is an administrative district of the Beqaa Governorate of the Republic of Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Zahlé District
Zgharta District
Zgharta District (زغرتا) is a district (qadaa) of the North Governorate, northern Lebanon.
See Lebanon and Zgharta District
.lb
.lb is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Lebanon.
See Lebanon and .lb
1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus
The 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus, also known as the 1860 Syrian Civil War and the 1860 Christian–Druze war, was a civil conflict in Mount Lebanon during Ottoman rule in 1860–1861 fought mainly between the local Druze and Christians.
See Lebanon and 1860 civil conflict in Mount Lebanon and Damascus
1948 Arab–Israeli War
The 1948 Arab–Israeli War, also known as the First Arab–Israeli War, followed the civil war in Mandatory Palestine as the second and final stage of the 1948 Palestine war.
See Lebanon and 1948 Arab–Israeli War
1958 Lebanon crisis
The 1958 Lebanon crisis was a political crisis in Lebanon caused by political and religious tensions in the country that included a United States military intervention.
See Lebanon and 1958 Lebanon crisis
1978 South Lebanon conflict
The 1978 South Lebanon conflict (codenamed Operation Litani by Israel) began after Israel invaded southern Lebanon up to the Litani River in March 1978, in response to the Coastal Road massacre near Tel Aviv by Lebanon-based Palestinian militants.
See Lebanon and 1978 South Lebanon conflict
1982 Lebanon War
The 1982 Lebanon War began on 6 June 1982, when Israel invaded southern Lebanon.
See Lebanon and 1982 Lebanon War
1983 Beirut barracks bombings
On October 23, 1983, two truck bombs were detonated at buildings in Beirut, Lebanon, housing American and French Servicemen of the Multinational Force in Lebanon (MNF), a military peacekeeping operation during the Lebanese Civil War.
See Lebanon and 1983 Beirut barracks bombings
2000 Rugby League World Cup
The 2000 Rugby League World Cup was the twelfth World Cup for men’s national rugby league teams, held between 28 October and 25 November and hosted between the United Kingdom, Ireland and France.
See Lebanon and 2000 Rugby League World Cup
2002 Arab League summit
The Beirut Summit (also known as the Arab Summit Conference) was a meeting of the Arab League in Beirut, Lebanon, in March 2002 to discuss the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.
See Lebanon and 2002 Arab League summit
2006 Hezbollah cross-border raid
The 2006 Hezbollah cross-border raid was a cross-border attack carried out by Lebanon-based Hezbollah militants on an Israeli military patrol on 12 July 2006 on Israeli territory.
See Lebanon and 2006 Hezbollah cross-border raid
2006 Lebanon War
The 2006 Lebanon War, also called the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah War and known in Lebanon as the July War (حرب تموز, Ḥarb Tammūz) and in Israel as the Second Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון השנייה, Milhemet Levanon HaShniya), was a 34-day military conflict in Lebanon, northern Israel and the Golan Heights.
See Lebanon and 2006 Lebanon War
2006–2008 Lebanese protests
The 2006–2008 Lebanese protests were a series of political protests and sit-ins in Lebanon that began on 1 December 2006,MPLBelgique.org (December 1, 2011).
See Lebanon and 2006–2008 Lebanese protests
2007 Lebanon conflict
The 2007 Lebanon conflict began when fighting broke out between Fatah al-Islam, an Islamist militant organization, and the Lebanese Armed Forces (LAF) on May 20, 2007 in Nahr al-Bared, a UNRWA Palestinian refugee camp near Tripoli.
See Lebanon and 2007 Lebanon conflict
2008 Lebanon conflict
The 2008 Lebanon conflict (or the 7 May 2008 clashes; Arabic: أحداث 7 أيار) was a brief intrastate military conflict in May 2008 in Lebanon between opposition militias (mainly Shiite Hezbollah) and pro-government Sunnis, after the 18-month-long political crisis spiralled out of control, when the government's decision to dismantle Hezbollah's telecommunication system, which led to Hezbollah seizing control of majority Sunni neighbourhoods in west Beirut, and ended with the adoption of the Doha Accord in 2008.
See Lebanon and 2008 Lebanon conflict
2008 Rugby League World Cup
The 2008 Rugby League World Cup was the thirteenth World Cup for men’s rugby league national teams.
See Lebanon and 2008 Rugby League World Cup
2009 European Cup
The 2009 European Cup, known as the rugbyleague.com European Cup due to sponsorship, was a rugby league football tournament.
See Lebanon and 2009 European Cup
2009 Jeux de la Francophonie
The 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie (6th Francophone Games), was an international multi-sport event held from 27 September to 6 October in Beirut, Lebanon.
See Lebanon and 2009 Jeux de la Francophonie
2013 Rugby League World Cup
The 2013 Rugby League World Cup was the fourteenth World Cup for means national rugby league teams.
See Lebanon and 2013 Rugby League World Cup
2018 Lebanese general election
General elections were held in Lebanon on 6 May 2018.
See Lebanon and 2018 Lebanese general election
2019 Lebanon forest fires
Lebanon Wildfires 2019 is a series of 194 forest fires according to Lebanese Civil Defense, which broke out on Sunday 13 October at night, and spread over large areas of Lebanon's forests.
See Lebanon and 2019 Lebanon forest fires
2020 Beirut explosion
On 4 August 2020, a large amount of ammonium nitrate stored at the Port of Beirut in the capital city of Lebanon exploded, causing at least 218 deaths, 7,000 injuries, and US$15 billion in property damage, as well as leaving an estimated 300,000 people homeless.
See Lebanon and 2020 Beirut explosion
2021 Beirut clashes
The 2021 Beirut clashes, also known as the 2021 Beirut massacre, Tayouneh Incident or Mini May 7, occurred in the Tayouneh neighborhood of the Lebanese capital of Beirut on 14 October 2021 between Hezbollah and the Amal Movement, and unidentified gunmen allegedly associated with the Lebanese Forces, and the Lebanese Armed Forces, resulting in the death of seven people and injury of 32 others, and the arrest of nine by the Lebanese Armed Forces.
See Lebanon and 2021 Beirut clashes
2022 Lebanese general election
General elections were held in Lebanon on 15 May 2022 (one week earlier for overseas voters and one day earlier for ballot workers) to elect all 128 members of the Lebanese Parliament.
See Lebanon and 2022 Lebanese general election
33rd parallel north
The 33rd parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 33 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Lebanon and 33rd parallel north
35th meridian east
The meridian 35° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Lebanon and 35th meridian east
35th parallel north
The 35th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 35 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane.
See Lebanon and 35th parallel north
37th meridian east
The meridian 37° east of Greenwich is a line of longitude that extends from the North Pole across the Arctic Ocean, Europe, Asia, Africa, the Indian Ocean, the Southern Ocean, and Antarctica to the South Pole.
See Lebanon and 37th meridian east
See also
1943 establishments in Asia
- Lebanon
1943 establishments in Lebanon
- Assayad
- Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon
- First Cabinet of Riad Solh
- Lebanon
- Ministry of Finance (Lebanon)
- Ministry of Interior and Municipalities (Lebanon)
- President of Lebanon
- Prime Minister of Lebanon
- Sagesse SC (football)
Countries and territories where Arabic is an official language
- Algeria
- Bahrain
- Chad
- Comoros
- Djibouti
- Egypt
- Iraq
- Israel
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Libya
- List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language
- Mali
- Mauritania
- Morocco
- Oman
- Qatar
- Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
- Saudi Arabia
- Somalia
- Somaliland
- State of Palestine
- Sudan
- Syria
- Tunisia
- United Arab Emirates
- Western Sahara
- Yemen
- Zanzibar
Eastern Mediterranean
- 2002 Eastern Mediterranean event
- Assyria
- Assyrian homeland
- Buddhism and the Roman world
- Cyprus
- EMME
- East Mediterranean Gas Forum
- Eastern Mediterranean
- Eastern Mediterranean Activities Conference
- Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal
- Eastern Mediterranean Optical System 1
- Eastern Mediterranean University
- Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests
- Egypt
- Fertile Crescent
- Fleet coinage (Mark Antony)
- Hatay Province
- Iraqi Kurdistan
- Israel
- Khabur (Euphrates)
- Lebanon
- Levant
- Libya
- Mashriq
- McGhee Center for Eastern Mediterranean Studies
- Mediterranean–Dead Sea Canal
- Near East
- Nile Delta
- Northern Cyprus
- Salvia fruticosa
- Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests
- State of Palestine
- Syria
- Syrian Desert
- Syrian Kurdistan
- Turkey
- WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean
- Wild edible plants of Israel and Palestine
Member states of the Arab League
- Algeria
- Bahrain
- Comoros
- Djibouti
- Egypt
- Iraq
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Libya
- Mauritania
- Member states of the Arab League
- Morocco
- Oman
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- Somalia
- Sudan
- Syria
- Syrian opposition
- Tunisia
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen
Member states of the Union for the Mediterranean
- Albania
- Algeria
- Austria
- Belgium
- Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Cyprus
- Denmark
- Egypt
- Estonia
- Finland
- France
- Germany
- Greece
- Hungary
- Israel
- Italy
- Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Latvia
- Lebanon
- Lithuania
- Luxembourg
- Malta
- Monaco
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Poland
- Portugal
- Romania
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Spain
- Sweden
- Tunisia
- Turkey
Middle Eastern countries
- Bahrain
- Cyprus
- Egypt
- Iran
- Iraq
- Israel
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Northern Cyprus
- Oman
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- State of Palestine
- Syria
- Turkey
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen
States and territories established in 1943
- Allied administration of Libya
- Astrakhan Oblast
- Azad Hind
- Baoruco Province
- Belarusian Central Council
- Democratic Federal Yugoslavia
- Federal Territory of Iguaçu
- Federal Territory of Ponta Porã
- Fezzan-Ghadames Military Territory
- French Committee of National Liberation
- German occupation of Albania
- Italian Social Republic
- Kemerovo Oblast
- Kingdom of the South
- Kolky Republic
- Kurgan Oblast
- Lebanon
- Manseriche District
- Morona District
- Operational Zone of the Adriatic Littoral
- Operational Zone of the Alpine Foothills
- Pastaza District
- Río Tambo District
- Saharat Thai Doem
- Second Philippine Republic
- Si Rat Malai
- Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Socialist Republic of Croatia
- State of Burma
- Syburi
- Ulyanovsk Oblast
- Volodarsky District, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
West Asian countries
- Abkhazia
- Armenia
- Azerbaijan
- Bahrain
- Cyprus
- Egypt
- Georgia (country)
- Iran
- Iraq
- Israel
- Jordan
- Kuwait
- Lebanon
- Middle Eastern countries
- Northern Cyprus
- Oman
- Qatar
- Saudi Arabia
- South Ossetia
- State of Palestine
- Syria
- Turkey
- United Arab Emirates
- Yemen
References
Also known as Administrative divisions of Lebanon, Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah, Al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah, Al-Jumhūrīyyah al-Lubnānīyyah, Art in Lebanon, Environmental issues in Lebanon, Etymology of Lebanon, ISO 3166-1:LB, Infrastructure in Lebanon, Lebanese Republic, Lebanese literature, Lebannon, Lebanone, Lebnan, Lebnen, Legal system of Lebanon, Libán, Libanese, Libanon, Literature of Lebanon, Lubnan, Lubnaniyah, Lubnān, Name of Lebanon, Republic of Lebanon, Republic of the Lebanon, Ryan Attiyeh, République libanaise, Science and technology in Lebanon, State of Lebanon, Subdivisions of Lebanon, The Lebanon, לבנאן, الجمهورية اللبنانية.
, Armenians in Lebanon, Artillery, Asceticism, Association football, Assyria, Assyrians in Lebanon, At Tiri incident, Atheism, Ayyubid dynasty, Élias Sarkis, Émile Lahoud, Baabda District, Baalbeck International Festival, Baalbek, Baalbek District, Baalbek-Hermel Governorate, Babylonia, Bachir Gemayel, Baháʼí Faith in Lebanon, Banque du Liban, Basketball, Bassel Fleihan, Batroun District, Battle of France, Battle of Maysalun, BBC, BBC News, Bechara El Khoury, Beirut, Beirut Governorate, Beirut Marathon, Beiteddine Festival, Beqaa Governorate, Beqaa Valley, Bible, Bint Jbeil District, Black September, Bloomberg News, Blue Line (withdrawal line), Bourj Hammoud, Bronze Age, Bsharri, Bsharri District, Buddhism in the Middle East, Bulgur, Byblos, Byblos District, Byblos International Festival, Byzantine Empire, Cabinet of Hassan Diab, Caliphate, Camille Chamoun, Canaan, Canaanite languages, Cannabis in Lebanon, Canoeing, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, Capital punishment, Car bomb, Caretaker government, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Carthage, Casualties of the 2006 Lebanon War, Catholic Church, Catholic Church in Lebanon, Caving, Cádiz, Côte d'Ivoire, Cedar Revolution, Cedars of God, Cedrus libani, Central Intelligence Agency, Chalcolithic, Charles de Gaulle, Charles Glass, Charter of the United Nations, Chinook Sciences, Chouf District, Christianity, Christianity and Druze, Christianity in Lebanon, Christians, Christopher Mayhew, Cinema of Egypt, Cinema of Lebanon, Civil defense, Civil disobedience, Civil law (legal system), Climbing, Coastal plain, Coastal Road massacre, Coele-Syria, Colonies in antiquity, Commodity market, Confessionalism (politics), Consociationalism, Constantinople, Constitution of Lebanon, Corruption in Lebanon, County of Tripoli, Crusader states, Crusades, Culture of Lebanon, Currency substitution, Cycling, Cyprus, Cyrus the Great, Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa, Democratic Left Movement (Lebanon), Demographics of Lebanon, Dennis Walters, Deputy prime minister, Developing country, Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Doha Agreement (2008), Double Qaim-Maqamate of Mount Lebanon, Drug economy in Lebanon, Druze, Eastern European Summer Time, Eastern European Time, Eastern Mediterranean, Eastern Mediterranean conifer–sclerophyllous–broadleaf forests, Ebla, Edgar Choueiri, Egypt, El Assaad Family, Elias Khoury, Elias Peter Hoayek, Emir, Emirate of Mount Lebanon, English language in Lebanon, Entrepôt, Epic of Gilgamesh, Euronews, European Neighbourhood Policy, European Parliament, Fadi El Khatib, Failed state, Fairuz, Faisal I of Iraq, Fakhr al-Din II, Fatah al-Islam, Fatahland, Fatimid Caliphate, Fenethylline, FIBA Basketball World Cup, Financial crisis, First Cabinet of Saad Hariri, First Crusade, Fish, Football in Lebanon, Forest Landscape Integrity Index, Fouad Chehab, Fouad Siniora, France 24, Francia, Francophonie, Free France, Free Patriotic Movement, Freedom House, French language, French language in Lebanon, French Third Republic, Fruit, Future Movement, Gebran Tueni, George Hawi, Georges Catroux, Georges Corm, Georges Schéhadé, Germination, Global Innovation Index, Golan Heights, Gold coin, Governorate, Great Rift Valley, Greater Lebanon, Greek alphabet, Greek Catholic Church, Greeks, Greeks in Lebanon, Gregorian calendar, Gross domestic product, Group of 77, Hafez al-Assad, Hanan al-Shaykh, Hasbaya District, Hassan Diab, Hassan Kamel Al-Sabbah, Hassan Maatouk, Hassan Nasrallah, Hazem El Masri, Head of government, Head of state, Hebrew Bible, Height above mean sea level, Hellenistic period, Henri Dentz, Hepatitis A, Hermel District, Heroin, Hezbollah, Hezbollah–Iran relations, High commissioner, Hinduism in the Middle East, Hiram I, History of the Jews in Lebanon, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, Homosexuality, Human Development Index, Human Rights Watch, IB Diploma Programme, Intermittent river, International Air Transport Association, International Monetary Fund, International Organization for Standardization, Internationalized country code top-level domain, Investment Development Authority of Lebanon, Iran, Iranian Revolution, Iraq, Iraqis in Lebanon, Ireland national rugby league team, Islam in Lebanon, Islamic state, Isma'ilism, Israel, Israeli Ground Forces, Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon, Jabal Amil, Japanese cuisine, Jar burial, Jeux de la Francophonie, Jezzine District, Jim Muir, Jizya, Julia Boutros, Julian calendar, Kahlil Gibran, Kataeb Party, Kaza, Keserwan District, Keserwan-Jbeil Governorate, Khomeinism, Kibbeh, Kingdom of Jerusalem, Koura District, La Razón (Madrid), Laissez-faire, Lamb and mutton, Laozi, Latin alphabet, Latin America, Law of France, League of Nations, League of Nations mandate, Lebanese American University, Lebanese Arabic, Lebanese Argentines, Lebanese Armed Forces, Lebanese Australians, Lebanese Brazilians, Lebanese Canadians, Lebanese Civil War, Lebanese Communist Party, Lebanese diaspora, Lebanese Druze, Lebanese Forces, Lebanese Greek Orthodox Christians, Lebanese identity card, Lebanese liquidity crisis, Lebanese Maronite Christians, Lebanese Melkite Christians, Lebanese nationality law, Lebanese people, Lebanese people in Senegal, Lebanese pound, Lebanese Premier League, Lebanese Protestant Christians, Lebanese Shia Muslims, Lebanese space program, Lebanese Sunni Muslims, Lebanese University, Lebanon at the Olympics, Lebanon men's national basketball team, Lebanon national rugby league team, Levant, Levantine Arabic, Levantine Arabic Sign Language, LGBT rights in Lebanon, Libya, Likud, Limestone, List of countries and dependencies by area, List of countries by GNI (nominal) per capita, List of oldest continuously inhabited cities, List of rivers of Lebanon, List of tank truck explosions, Litani River, Madrid, Majid Arslan, Majida El Roumi, Mamluk Sultanate, Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, March 14 Alliance, March 8 Alliance, Marjeyoun District, Market capitalization, 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