Table of Contents
528 relations: Acentropinae, Adaptive radiation, Adhemarius gannascus, Afrotropical realm, Agasicles hygrophila, Agathiphaga, Agathiphaga queenslandensis, Agathiphaga vitiensis, Agathis, Aglais io, Agriculture, Alternanthera philoxeroides, American lady, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Amphibian, Amphiesmenoptera, Anastatus disparis, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov, Animal navigation, Annual Review of Entomology, Ant, Antarctica, Antenna (biology), Antheraea, Aphid, Aphrissa statira, Apollo (butterfly), Aposematism, Aquatic animal, Aquatic plant, Aramco World, Archaeolepis, Arcola malloi, Arctiinae, Argiope argentata, Asphyxia, Asthma, Atopy, Attacus atlas, Australasian realm, Australia, Australian Faunal Directory, Automimicry, Autotroph, Aztecs, Bagworm moth, Baltic amber, Bamboo, ... Expand index (478 more) »
- Amphiesmenoptera
- Extant Early Jurassic first appearances
- Insect orders
- Pliensbachian first appearances
Acentropinae
Acentropinae is a fairly small subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths.
See Lepidoptera and Acentropinae
Adaptive radiation
In evolutionary biology, adaptive radiation is a process in which organisms diversify rapidly from an ancestral species into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, alters biotic interactions or opens new environmental niches.
See Lepidoptera and Adaptive radiation
Adhemarius gannascus
Adhemarius gannascus is a moth of the family Sphingidae first described by Caspar Stoll in 1790.
See Lepidoptera and Adhemarius gannascus
Afrotropical realm
The Afrotropical realm is one of the Earth's eight biogeographic realms.
See Lepidoptera and Afrotropical realm
Agasicles hygrophila
Agasicles hygrophila is a species of leaf beetle known by the common name alligator weed flea beetle.
See Lepidoptera and Agasicles hygrophila
Agathiphaga
Agathiphaga is a genus of moths, known as kauri moths. and is the only living genus in the family Agathiphagidae.
See Lepidoptera and Agathiphaga
Agathiphaga queenslandensis
Agathiphaga queenslandensis is a moth of the family Agathiphagidae.
See Lepidoptera and Agathiphaga queenslandensis
Agathiphaga vitiensis
Agathiphaga vitiensis, or the Fiji kauri moth, is a moth of the family Agathiphagidae.
See Lepidoptera and Agathiphaga vitiensis
Agathis
Agathis, commonly known as kauri or dammara, is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees, native to Australasia and Southeast Asia.
Aglais io
Aglais io, the European peacock, or the peacock butterfly, is a colourful butterfly, found in Europe and temperate Asia as far east as Japan.
Agriculture
Agriculture encompasses crop and livestock production, aquaculture, fisheries, and forestry for food and non-food products.
See Lepidoptera and Agriculture
Alternanthera philoxeroides
Alternanthera philoxeroides, commonly referred to as alligator weed, is a native species to the temperate regions of South America, which includes Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.
See Lepidoptera and Alternanthera philoxeroides
American lady
The American painted lady or American lady (Vanessa virginiensis) at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms is a butterfly found throughout North America.
See Lepidoptera and American lady
American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (ASTMH) is an Arlington, Virginia-based non-profit organization of scientists, clinicians, students and program professionals whose longstanding mission is to promote global health through the prevention and control of infectious and other diseases that disproportionately afflict the global poor.
See Lepidoptera and American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Amphibian
Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia.
Amphiesmenoptera
Amphiesmenoptera is an insect superorder, established by S. G. Kiriakoff, but often credited to Willi Hennig in his revision of insect taxonomy for two sister orders: Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and Trichoptera (caddisflies).
See Lepidoptera and Amphiesmenoptera
Anastatus disparis
Anastatus disparis is a species of wasp, and an egg parasitoid.
See Lepidoptera and Anastatus disparis
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
See Lepidoptera and Ancient Greece
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
See Lepidoptera and Ancient Greek
Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov
Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov (Андрей Васильевич Мартынов; 21 August 1879 – 29 January 1938) was a Russian and Soviet entomologist and palaeontologist, a founder of the Russian palaeoentomological school.
See Lepidoptera and Andrey Vasilyevich Martynov
Animal navigation
Animal navigation is the ability of many animals to find their way accurately without maps or instruments.
See Lepidoptera and Animal navigation
Annual Review of Entomology
The Annual Review of Entomology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes review articles about entomology, the study of insects.
See Lepidoptera and Annual Review of Entomology
Ant
Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Lepidoptera and ant are insects in culture.
Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost and least-populated continent.
See Lepidoptera and Antarctica
Antenna (biology)
Antennae (antenna), sometimes referred to as "feelers", are paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods.
See Lepidoptera and Antenna (biology)
Antheraea
Antheraea is a genus of moths belonging to the family Saturniidae.
Aphid
Aphids are small sap-sucking insects and members of the superfamily Aphidoidea. Lepidoptera and Aphid are insects in culture.
Aphrissa statira
Aphrissa statira, the statira sulphur, is a species of Lepidoptera in the family Pieridae.
See Lepidoptera and Aphrissa statira
Apollo (butterfly)
The Apollo (Parnassius apollo), also called the mountain Apollo, is a butterfly of the family Papilionidae.
See Lepidoptera and Apollo (butterfly)
Aposematism
Aposematism is the advertising by an animal, whether terrestrial or marine, to potential predators that it is not worth attacking or eating.
See Lepidoptera and Aposematism
Aquatic animal
An aquatic animal is any animal, whether vertebrate or invertebrate, that lives in water for all or most of its lifetime.
See Lepidoptera and Aquatic animal
Aquatic plant
Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater).
See Lepidoptera and Aquatic plant
Aramco World
Aramco World (formerly Saudi Aramco World) is a bi-monthly magazine published by Aramco Services Company, a US-based subsidiary of Saudi Aramco, the state-owned oil company of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
See Lepidoptera and Aramco World
Archaeolepis
Archaeolepis mane is amongst the earliest undisputed lepidopteran fossils.
See Lepidoptera and Archaeolepis
Arcola malloi
Arcola malloi (formerly Vogtia malloi) is a species of snout moth known as the alligator weed stem borer.
See Lepidoptera and Arcola malloi
Arctiinae
The Arctiinae (formerly called the family Arctiidae) are a large and diverse subfamily of moths with around 11,000 species found all over the world, including 6,000 neotropical species.
Argiope argentata
Argiope argentata, commonly known as the silver argiope or silver garden spider due to the silvery color of its cephalothorax, is a member of the orb-weaver spider family Araneidae.
See Lepidoptera and Argiope argentata
Asphyxia
Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of deficient supply of oxygen to the body which arises from abnormal breathing.
Asthma
Asthma is a long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.
Atopy
Atopy is the tendency to produce an exaggerated immunoglobulin E (IgE) immune response to otherwise harmless substances in the environment.
Attacus atlas
Attacus atlas, the Atlas moth, is a large saturniid moth endemic to the forests of Asia.
See Lepidoptera and Attacus atlas
Australasian realm
The Australasian realm is one of eight biogeographic realms that is coincident with, but not (by some definitions) the same as, the geographical region of Australasia.
See Lepidoptera and Australasian realm
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands.
Australian Faunal Directory
The Australian Faunal Directory (AFD) is an online catalogue of taxonomic and biological information on all animal species known to occur within Australia.
See Lepidoptera and Australian Faunal Directory
Automimicry
In zoology, automimicry, Browerian mimicry, or intraspecific mimicry, is a form of mimicry in which the same species of animal is imitated.
See Lepidoptera and Automimicry
Autotroph
An autotroph is an organism that can convert abiotic sources of energy into energy stored in organic compounds, which can be used by other organisms.
Aztecs
The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521.
Bagworm moth
The Psychidae (bagworm moths, also simply bagworms or bagmoths) are a family of the Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths).
See Lepidoptera and Bagworm moth
Baltic amber
Baltic amber or succinite Is amber from the Baltic region, home of its largest known deposits.
See Lepidoptera and Baltic amber
Bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae.
Basal (phylogenetics)
In phylogenetics, basal is the direction of the base (or root) of a rooted phylogenetic tree or cladogram.
See Lepidoptera and Basal (phylogenetics)
Basal metabolic rate
Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the rate of energy expenditure per unit time by endothermic animals at rest.
See Lepidoptera and Basal metabolic rate
Bat
Bats are flying mammals of the order Chiroptera.
Batesian mimicry
Batesian mimicry is a form of mimicry where a harmless species has evolved to imitate the warning signals of a harmful species directed at a predator of them both.
See Lepidoptera and Batesian mimicry
Bee
Bees are winged insects closely related to wasps and ants, known for their roles in pollination and, in the case of the best-known bee species, the western honey bee, for producing honey.
Beetle
Beetles are insects that form the order Coleoptera, in the superorder Holometabola. Lepidoptera and Beetle are insects in culture.
Beondegi
Beondegi, literally "pupa", is a Korean insect-based street food made with silkworm pupae.
Biogeographic realm
A biogeographic realm is the broadest biogeographic division of Earth's land surface, based on distributional patterns of terrestrial organisms.
See Lepidoptera and Biogeographic realm
Biological interaction
In ecology, a biological interaction is the effect that a pair of organisms living together in a community have on each other.
See Lepidoptera and Biological interaction
Biological life cycle
In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of stages of the life of an organism, that begins as a zygote, often in an egg, and concludes as an adult that reproduces, producing an offspring in the form of a new zygote which then itself goes through the same series of stages, the process repeating in a cyclic fashion.
See Lepidoptera and Biological life cycle
Bird
Birds are a group of warm-blooded vertebrates constituting the class Aves, characterised by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a strong yet lightweight skeleton.
Bird nest
A bird nest is the spot in which a bird lays and incubates its eggs and raises its young.
Birdwing
Birdwings are butterflies in the swallowtail family, that belong to the genera Trogonoptera, Troides, and Ornithoptera.
Biscuit
A biscuit, in English speaking countries such as Britain, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, is a flour-based baked and shaped food item.
Bleeding
Bleeding, hemorrhage, haemorrhage or blood loss is blood escaping from the circulatory system from damaged blood vessels.
Blepharipa
Blepharipa is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.
See Lepidoptera and Blepharipa
Blood cell
A blood cell (also called a hematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte) is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood.
See Lepidoptera and Blood cell
Bogong moth
The bogong moth (Agrotis infusa) is a temperate species of night-flying moth, notable for its biannual long-distance seasonal migrations towards and from the Australian Alps, similar to the diurnal monarch butterfly.
See Lepidoptera and Bogong moth
Bombycoidea
Bombycoidea is a superfamily of moths, including the silk moths, giant silk moths, sphinx moths, saturniids, and relatives. The superfamily Lasiocampoidea is a close relative and was historically sometimes merged in this group. After many years of debate and shifting taxonomies, the most recent classifications treat the superfamily as containing 10 constituent families.
See Lepidoptera and Bombycoidea
Bombyx mandarina
Bombyx mandarina, the wild silk moth, is a species of moth in the family Bombycidae.
See Lepidoptera and Bombyx mandarina
Bombyx mori
Bombyx mori, commonly known as the domestic silk moth, is a moth species belonging to the family Bombycidae. Lepidoptera and Bombyx mori are insects in culture.
See Lepidoptera and Bombyx mori
Bracovirus
Bracovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Polydnaviridae.
See Lepidoptera and Bracovirus
Bradypodicola
Bradypodicola hahneli is a sloth moth in the family Pyralidae that lives exclusively in the fur of the pale-throated three-toed sloth (Bradypus tridactylus), a three-toed sloth found in South America.
See Lepidoptera and Bradypodicola
Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
Bran
Bran, also known as miller's bran, is the component of a cereal grain consisting of the hard layers - the combined aleurone and pericarp - surrounding the endosperm.
Braunschweig
Braunschweig or Brunswick (from Low German Brunswiek, local dialect: Bronswiek) is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, north of the Harz Mountains at the farthest navigable point of the river Oker, which connects it to the North Sea via the rivers Aller and Weser.
See Lepidoptera and Braunschweig
Breathing
Breathing (spiration or ventilation) is the rhythmical process of moving air into (inhalation) and out of (exhalation) the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly to flush out carbon dioxide and bring in oxygen.
Bumblebee
A bumblebee (or bumble bee, bumble-bee, or humble-bee) is any of over 250 species in the genus Bombus, part of Apidae, one of the bee families. Lepidoptera and bumblebee are insects in culture.
Butterfly
Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran suborder Rhopalocera, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. Lepidoptera and Butterfly are insects in culture.
Butterfly gardening
Butterfly gardening is a way to create, improve, and maintain habitat for lepidopterans including butterflies, skippers, and moths.
See Lepidoptera and Butterfly gardening
Butterfly ranching in Papua New Guinea
Butterfly ranching in Papua New Guinea is a method for sustainable use of insect biodiversity endorsed and supported by the national government.
See Lepidoptera and Butterfly ranching in Papua New Guinea
Cabbage white
Cabbage white or cabbage butterfly may refer to.
See Lepidoptera and Cabbage white
Cactoblastis cactorum
Cactoblastis cactorum, the cactus moth, South American cactus moth or nopal moth, is native to Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and southern Brazil.
See Lepidoptera and Cactoblastis cactorum
Caddisfly
The caddisflies, or order Trichoptera, are a group of insects with aquatic larvae and terrestrial adults. Lepidoptera and caddisfly are Amphiesmenoptera.
Cambridge Philosophical Society
The Cambridge Philosophical Society (CPS) is a scientific society at the University of Cambridge.
See Lepidoptera and Cambridge Philosophical Society
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Lepidoptera and Cambridge University Press
Camouflage
Camouflage is the use of any combination of materials, coloration, or illumination for concealment, either by making animals or objects hard to see, or by disguising them as something else.
See Lepidoptera and Camouflage
Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,Blunt (2004), p. 171.
See Lepidoptera and Carl Linnaeus
Carnia
Carnia (Cjargne or Cjargna/Cjargno in local variants, Ciargna, Karnien, Karnija) is a historical-geographic region in the northeastern Italian area of Friuli.
Carnivore
A carnivore, or meat-eater (Latin, caro, genitive carnis, meaning meat or "flesh" and vorare meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant whose food and energy requirements are met by the consumption of animal tissues (mainly muscle, fat and other soft tissues) whether through hunting or scavenging.
Carpet moth
Trichophaga tapetzella, the tapestry moth or carpet moth, is a moth of the family Tineidae, commonly referred to as fungus moths.
See Lepidoptera and Carpet moth
Casein
Casein (from Latin caseus "cheese") is a family of related phosphoproteins (αS1, aS2, β, κ) that are commonly found in mammalian milk, comprising about 80% of the proteins in cow's milk and between 20% and 60% of the proteins in human milk.
Caterpillar
Caterpillars are the larval stage of members of the order Lepidoptera (the insect order comprising butterflies and moths).
See Lepidoptera and Caterpillar
Celestial navigation
Celestial navigation, also known as astronavigation, is the practice of position fixing using stars and other celestial bodies that enables a navigator to accurately determine their actual current physical position in space or on the surface of the Earth without relying solely on estimated positional calculations, commonly known as dead reckoning.
See Lepidoptera and Celestial navigation
Censer
A censer, incense burner, perfume burner or pastille burner is a vessel made for burning incense or perfume in some solid form.
Central America
Central America is a subregion of North America.
See Lepidoptera and Central America
Charmouth Mudstone Formation
The Charmouth Mudstone Formation is a geological formation in England, dating to the Early Jurassic (Sinemurian–Pliensbachian).
See Lepidoptera and Charmouth Mudstone Formation
Chorion
The chorion is the outermost fetal membrane around the embryo in mammals, birds and reptiles (amniotes).
Cicada
The cicadas are a superfamily, the Cicadoidea, of insects in the order Hemiptera (true bugs). Lepidoptera and cicada are insects in culture.
Circulatory system
The circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate.
See Lepidoptera and Circulatory system
Clade
In biological phylogenetics, a clade, also known as a monophyletic group or natural group, is a grouping of organisms that are monophyletic – that is, composed of a common ancestor and all its lineal descendants – on a phylogenetic tree.
Cladistics
Cladistics is an approach to biological classification in which organisms are categorized in groups ("clades") based on hypotheses of most recent common ancestry.
See Lepidoptera and Cladistics
Cladogram
A cladogram (from Greek clados "branch" and gramma "character") is a diagram used in cladistics to show relations among organisms.
Clasper
In biology, a clasper is a male anatomical structure found in some groups of animals, used in mating.
Climate
Climate is the long-term weather pattern in a region, typically averaged over 30 years.
Cloaca
A cloaca,: cloacae, is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts (if present) of many vertebrate animals.
Coagulopathy
Coagulopathy (also called a bleeding disorder) is a condition in which the blood's ability to coagulate (form clots) is impaired.
See Lepidoptera and Coagulopathy
Coevolution
In biology, coevolution occurs when two or more species reciprocally affect each other's evolution through the process of natural selection.
See Lepidoptera and Coevolution
Commensalism
Commensalism is a long-term biological interaction (symbiosis) in which members of one species gain benefits while those of the other species neither benefit nor are harmed.
See Lepidoptera and Commensalism
Compound eye
A compound eye is a visual organ found in arthropods such as insects and crustaceans.
See Lepidoptera and Compound eye
Compsilura concinnata
Compsilura concinnata (tachinid fly; order Diptera) is a parasitoid native to Europe that was introduced to North America in 1906 to control the population of an exotic forest, univoltine, spongy moth named Lymantria dispar.
See Lepidoptera and Compsilura concinnata
Coprophagia
Coprophagia or coprophagy is the consumption of feces.
See Lepidoptera and Coprophagia
Copulation (zoology)
In zoology, copulation is animal sexual behavior in which a male introduces sperm into the female's body, especially directly into her reproductive tract.
See Lepidoptera and Copulation (zoology)
Corpus allatum
In insect physiology and anatomy, the corpus allatum (plural: corpora allata) is an endocrine gland that generates juvenile hormone; as such, it plays a crucial role in metamorphosis.
See Lepidoptera and Corpus allatum
Cosmopterigidae
The Cosmopterigidae are a family of insects (cosmet moths) in the order Lepidoptera.
See Lepidoptera and Cosmopterigidae
Cossidae
The Cossidae, the cossid millers or carpenter millers, make up a family of mostly large miller moths.
Costa Rica
Costa Rica (literally "Rich Coast"), officially the Republic of Costa Rica, is a country in the Central American region of North America.
See Lepidoptera and Costa Rica
Cotton
Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.
Crambidae
Crambidae comprises the grass moth family of lepidopterans.
CRC Press
The CRC Press, LLC is an American publishing group that specializes in producing technical books.
Crepuscular animal
In zoology, a crepuscular animal is one that is active primarily during the twilight period, being matutinal, vespertine/vespertinal, or both.
See Lepidoptera and Crepuscular animal
Cretaceous
The Cretaceous is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya).
See Lepidoptera and Cretaceous
Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution
The Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution (abbreviated KTR), also known as the Angiosperm Terrestrial Revolution (ATR) by authors who consider it to have lasted into the Palaeogene, describes the intense floral diversification of flowering plants (angiosperms) and the coevolution of pollinating insects, as well as the subsequent faunal radiation of frugivorous, nectarivorous and insectivorous avians, mammals, lissamphibians, squamate reptiles and web-spinning spiders during the Middle to Late Cretaceous, from around 125 Mya to 80 Mya.
See Lepidoptera and Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution
Crop (anatomy)
The crop (also the croup, the craw, the ingluvies, and the sublingual pouch) is a thin-walled, expanded portion of the alimentary tract, which is used for the storage of food before digestion.
See Lepidoptera and Crop (anatomy)
Cryptoses choloepi
Cryptoses choloepi is a sloth moth in the snout moth family that as an adult lives exclusively in the fur of sloths, mammals found in South and Central America.
See Lepidoptera and Cryptoses choloepi
Cydia saltitans
Cydia saltitans or jumping bean moth is a moth from Mexico that is most widely known as its larva, where it inhabits the carpels of seeds from several related shrubby trees, mainly Sebastiania pavoniana or Sapium biloculare (syn. Pleradenophora bilocularis).
See Lepidoptera and Cydia saltitans
Danainae
Danainae is a subfamily of the family Nymphalidae, the brush-footed butterflies.
De Gruyter
Walter de Gruyter GmbH, known as De Gruyter, is a German scholarly publishing house specializing in academic literature.
See Lepidoptera and De Gruyter
Death's-head hawkmoth
The name death's-head hawkmoth refers to any of three moth species of the genus Acherontia (Acherontia atropos, Acherontia styx and Acherontia lachesis).
See Lepidoptera and Death's-head hawkmoth
Denmark
Denmark (Danmark) is a Nordic country in the south-central portion of Northern Europe.
Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts
The Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts was an Australian Government department that existed between December 2007 and September 2010.
See Lepidoptera and Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts
Detritivore
Detritivores (also known as detrivores, detritophages, detritus feeders or detritus eaters) are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus (decomposing plant and animal parts as well as feces).
See Lepidoptera and Detritivore
Detritus
In biology, detritus is dead particulate organic material, as distinguished from dissolved organic material.
Diapause
In animal dormancy, diapause is the delay in development in response to regular and recurring periods of adverse environmental conditions.
Diffraction grating
In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical grating with a periodic structure that diffracts light, or another type of electromagnetic radiation, into several beams traveling in different directions (i.e., different diffraction angles).
See Lepidoptera and Diffraction grating
Digestion
Digestion is the breakdown of large insoluble food compounds into small water-soluble components so that they can be absorbed into the blood plasma.
Ditrysia
The Ditrysia are a natural group or clade of insects in the lepidopteran order containing both butterflies and moths.
Diurnality
Diurnality is a form of plant and animal behavior characterized by activity during daytime, with a period of sleeping or other inactivity at night.
See Lepidoptera and Diurnality
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
Domestic pigeon
The domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica or Columba livia forma domestica) is a pigeon subspecies that was derived from the rock dove or rock pigeon.
See Lepidoptera and Domestic pigeon
Dorset
Dorset (archaically: Dorsetshire) is a ceremonial county in South West England.
Dragonfly
A dragonfly is a flying insect belonging to the infraorder Anisoptera below the order Odonata. Lepidoptera and dragonfly are insects in culture.
Dutch language
Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language.
See Lepidoptera and Dutch language
Early Jurassic
The Early Jurassic Epoch (in chronostratigraphy corresponding to the Lower Jurassic Series) is the earliest of three epochs of the Jurassic Period.
See Lepidoptera and Early Jurassic
Earth's magnetic field
Earth's magnetic field, also known as the geomagnetic field, is the magnetic field that extends from Earth's interior out into space, where it interacts with the solar wind, a stream of charged particles emanating from the Sun.
See Lepidoptera and Earth's magnetic field
Ecdysis
Ecdysis is the moulting of the cuticle in many invertebrates of the clade Ecdysozoa.
Ecdysone
Ecdysone is a prohormone of the major insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, secreted from the prothoracic glands.
Edward Meyrick
Edward Meyrick (25 November 1854 – 31 March 1938) was an English schoolmaster and amateur entomologist.
See Lepidoptera and Edward Meyrick
Egg
An egg is an organic vessel grown by an animal to carry a possibly fertilized egg cell (a zygote) and to incubate from it an embryo within the egg until the embryo has become an animal fetus that can survive on its own, at which point the animal hatches.
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is a messenger system in an organism comprising feedback loops of hormones that are released by internal glands directly into the circulatory system and that target and regulate distant organs.
See Lepidoptera and Endocrine system
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See Lepidoptera and English language
Entomophagy
Entomophagy (from Greek ἔντομον éntomon, 'insect', and φαγεῖν phagein, 'to eat') is the practice of eating insects.
See Lepidoptera and Entomophagy
Entomophily
Entomophily or insect pollination is a form of pollination whereby pollen of plants, especially but not only of flowering plants, is distributed by insects. Lepidoptera and Entomophily are insects in culture.
See Lepidoptera and Entomophily
Eocene
The Eocene is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (Ma).
Epimartyria
Epimartyria is a genus of small primitive metallic moths in the family Micropterigidae.
See Lepidoptera and Epimartyria
Epipyropidae
The Epipyropidae comprise a small family of moths.
See Lepidoptera and Epipyropidae
Erebidae
The Erebidae are a family of moths in the superfamily Noctuoidea.
Eriocraniidae
Eriocraniidae is a family of moths restricted to the Holarctic region, with six extant genera.
See Lepidoptera and Eriocraniidae
Esophagus
The esophagus (American English) or oesophagus (British English, see spelling differences; both;: (o)esophagi or (o)esophaguses), colloquially known also as the food pipe, food tube, or gullet, is an organ in vertebrates through which food passes, aided by peristaltic contractions, from the pharynx to the stomach.
Eupithecia
Eupithecia is the largest genus of moths of the family Geometridae, and the namesake and type genus of tribe Eupitheciini.
See Lepidoptera and Eupithecia
Eurema hecabe
Eurema hecabe, the common grass yellow, is a small pierid butterfly species found in Asia, Africa and Australia.
See Lepidoptera and Eurema hecabe
Eurytides marcellus
Eurytides marcellus, the zebra swallowtail (formerly listed under genera Protographium, Iphiclides, Graphium and Papilio by some authorities), is a swallowtail butterfly native to the eastern United States and south-eastern Canada.
See Lepidoptera and Eurytides marcellus
Evolutionary arms race
In evolutionary biology, an evolutionary arms race is an ongoing struggle between competing sets of co-evolving genes, phenotypic and behavioral traits that develop escalating adaptations and counter-adaptations against each other, resembling the geopolitical concept of an arms race.
See Lepidoptera and Evolutionary arms race
External morphology of Lepidoptera
The external morphology of Lepidoptera is the physiological structure of the bodies of insects belonging to the order Lepidoptera, also known as butterflies and moths.
See Lepidoptera and External morphology of Lepidoptera
Eyespot (mimicry)
An eyespot (sometimes ocellus) is an eye-like marking.
See Lepidoptera and Eyespot (mimicry)
Fairy
A fairy (also fay, fae, fey, fair folk, or faerie) is a type of mythical being or legendary creature, generally described as anthropomorphic, found in the folklore of multiple European cultures (including Celtic, Slavic, Germanic, and French folklore), a form of spirit, often with metaphysical, supernatural, or preternatural qualities.
Family (biology)
Family (familia,: familiae) is one of the nine major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.
See Lepidoptera and Family (biology)
Fauna Svecica
Fauna Svecica ("Fauna of Sweden", ed. 1, Stockholm, 1746; ed. 2 Stockholm, 1761) was written by Swedish botanist, physician, zoologist and naturalist Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778).
See Lepidoptera and Fauna Svecica
Feather
Feathers are epidermal growths that form a distinctive outer covering, or plumage, on both avian (bird) and some non-avian dinosaurs and other archosaurs.
Ferdinand Ochsenheimer
Ferdinand Ochsenheimer (17 March 1767 – 2 November 1822) was a German actor and entomologist (lepidopterist).
See Lepidoptera and Ferdinand Ochsenheimer
Fiji
Fiji (Viti,; Fiji Hindi: फ़िजी, Fijī), officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean.
Fire
Fire is the rapid oxidation of a material (the fuel) in the exothermic chemical process of combustion, releasing heat, light, and various reaction products.
Flea
Flea, the common name for the order Siphonaptera, includes 2,500 species of small flightless insects that live as external parasites of mammals and birds. Lepidoptera and Flea are insects in culture.
Florida Museum of Natural History
The Florida Museum of Natural History (FLMNH) is Florida's official state-sponsored and chartered natural history museum.
See Lepidoptera and Florida Museum of Natural History
Florissant Formation
The Florissant Formation is a sedimentary geologic formation outcropping around Florissant, Teller County, Colorado.
See Lepidoptera and Florissant Formation
Flour
Flour is a powder made by grinding raw grains, roots, beans, nuts, or seeds.
Flower constancy
Flower constancy or pollinator constancy is the tendency of individual pollinators to exclusively visit certain flower species or morphs within a species, bypassing other available flower species that could potentially contain more nectar.
See Lepidoptera and Flower constancy
Flowering plant
Flowering plants are plants that bear flowers and fruits, and form the clade Angiospermae, commonly called angiosperms.
See Lepidoptera and Flowering plant
Fluid balance
Fluid balance is an aspect of the homeostasis of organisms in which the amount of water in the organism needs to be controlled, via osmoregulation and behavior, such that the concentrations of electrolytes (salts in solution) in the various body fluids are kept within healthy ranges.
See Lepidoptera and Fluid balance
Fly
Flies are insects of the order Diptera, the name being derived from the Greek δι- di- "two", and πτερόν pteron "wing". Lepidoptera and Fly are insects in culture.
Folivore
In zoology, a folivore is a herbivore that specializes in eating leaves.
Food chain
A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web, often starting with an autotroph (such as grass or algae), also called a producer, and typically ending at an apex predator (such as grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivore (such as earthworms and woodlice), or decomposer (such as fungi or bacteria).
See Lepidoptera and Food chain
Forest tent caterpillar moth
The forest tent caterpillar moth (Malacosoma disstria) is a moth found throughout North America, especially in the eastern regions.
See Lepidoptera and Forest tent caterpillar moth
Fungus
A fungus (fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
Fur
Fur is a thick growth of hair that covers the skin of almost all mammals.
Fur Formation
The Fur Formation is a marine geological formation of Ypresian (Lower Eocene Epoch, c. 56.0-54.5 Ma) age which crops out in the Limfjord region of northern Denmark from Silstrup via Mors and Fur to Ertebølle, and can be seen in many cliffs and quarries in the area.
See Lepidoptera and Fur Formation
G. A. W. Herrich-Schäffer
Gottlieb August Wilhelm Herrich-Schäffer (17 December 1799 – 14 April 1874) was a German entomologist and physician.
See Lepidoptera and G. A. W. Herrich-Schäffer
Galleria mellonella
Galleria mellonella, the greater wax moth or honeycomb moth, is a moth of the family Pyralidae.
See Lepidoptera and Galleria mellonella
Gamete
A gamete (ultimately) is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization in organisms that reproduce sexually.
Gelechiidae
The Gelechiidae are a family of moths commonly referred to as twirler moths or gelechiid moths.
See Lepidoptera and Gelechiidae
Gelechioidea
Gelechioidea (from the type genus Gelechia, "keeping to the ground") is the superfamily of moths that contains the case-bearers, twirler moths, and relatives, also simply called curved-horn moths or gelechioid moths.
See Lepidoptera and Gelechioidea
Genetic engineering
Genetic engineering, also called genetic modification or genetic manipulation, is the modification and manipulation of an organism's genes using technology.
See Lepidoptera and Genetic engineering
Genitive case
In grammar, the genitive case (abbreviated) is the grammatical case that marks a word, usually a noun, as modifying another word, also usually a noun—thus indicating an attributive relationship of one noun to the other noun.
See Lepidoptera and Genitive case
Genome
In the fields of molecular biology and genetics, a genome is all the genetic information of an organism.
Geometer moth
The geometer moths are moths belonging to the family Geometridae of the insect order Lepidoptera, the moths and butterflies.
See Lepidoptera and Geometer moth
Geometroidea
The Geometroidea are the superfamily of geometrid moths in the order Lepidoptera.
See Lepidoptera and Geometroidea
Georg Friedrich Treitschke
Georg Friedrich Treitschke (29 August 1776 – 4 June 1842) was a German librettist, translator and lepidopterist.
See Lepidoptera and Georg Friedrich Treitschke
George Hampson
Sir George Francis Hampson, 10th Baronet (14 January 1860 – 15 October 1936) was an English entomologist.
See Lepidoptera and George Hampson
German language
German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.
See Lepidoptera and German language
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.
Germination
Germination is the process by which an organism grows from a seed or spore.
See Lepidoptera and Germination
Gill
A gill is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide.
Gland
A gland is a cell or an organ in an animal's body that produces and secretes different substances either into the bloodstream or into a body cavity or outer surface that the organism needs.
Glossata
Glossata (Fabricius, 1775) is a suborder of the Lepidoptera, containing all members that have a coilable proboscis; i.e., it includes all butterflies and the vast majority of moth species.
Glyptapanteles
Glyptapanteles is a genus of endoparasitoid wasps found in all continents, except Antarctica.
See Lepidoptera and Glyptapanteles
Goblet cell
Goblet cells are simple columnar epithelial cells that secrete gel-forming mucins, like mucin 2 in the lower gastrointestinal tract, and mucin 5AC in the respiratory tract.
See Lepidoptera and Goblet cell
Gracillarioidea
Gracillarioidea is a large superfamily containing four families of insects in the order Lepidoptera.
See Lepidoptera and Gracillarioidea
Great tit
The great tit (Parus major) is a small passerine bird in the tit family Paridae.
Gynaephora groenlandica
Gynaephora groenlandica, the Arctic woolly bear moth, is an erebid moth native to the High Arctic in the Canadian archipelago, Greenland and Wrangel Island in Russia.
See Lepidoptera and Gynaephora groenlandica
Hail Horror Hail
Hail Horror Hail is the third studio album by the band Sigh.
See Lepidoptera and Hail Horror Hail
Hair
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles found in the dermis.
Hawaii
Hawaii (Hawaii) is an island state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about southwest of the U.S. mainland.
Heart and dart
The heart and dart (Agrotis exclamationis) is a moth of the family Noctuidae.
See Lepidoptera and Heart and dart
Hedylidae
Hedylidae, the "American moth-butterflies", is a family of insects in the order Lepidoptera, representing the superfamily Hedyloidea.
Heliconius
Heliconius comprises a colorful and widespread genus of brush-footed butterflies commonly known as the longwings or heliconians.
See Lepidoptera and Heliconius
Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa is a genus of moths in the family Noctuidae first described by David F. Hardwick in 1965.
See Lepidoptera and Helicoverpa
Helicoverpa zea
Helicoverpa zea, commonly known as the corn earworm, is a species (formerly in the genus Heliothis) in the family Noctuidae.
See Lepidoptera and Helicoverpa zea
Hemiptera
Hemiptera is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs. Lepidoptera and Hemiptera are insect orders.
Hemolymph
Hemolymph, or haemolymph, is a fluid, analogous to the blood in vertebrates, that circulates in the interior of the arthropod (invertebrate) body, remaining in direct contact with the animal's tissues.
Hepialidae
The Hepialidae are a family of insects in the lepidopteran order.
See Lepidoptera and Hepialidae
Hepialoidea
The Hepialoidea are the superfamily of "ghost moths" and "swift moths".
See Lepidoptera and Hepialoidea
Herbivore
A herbivore is an animal anatomically and physiologically adapted to eating plant material, for example foliage or marine algae, for the main component of its diet.
Heterobathmia
Heterobathmia is a genus of Lepidoptera.
See Lepidoptera and Heterobathmia
Heterotroph
A heterotroph is an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter.
See Lepidoptera and Heterotroph
Himalayas
The Himalayas, or Himalaya.
History of silk
The production of silk originated in Neolithic China within the Yangshao culture (4th millennium BC).
See Lepidoptera and History of silk
Hives
Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps.
Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch, beginning approximately 11,700 years ago.
Holometabola
Holometabola (from Ancient Greek "complete" + "change"), also known as Endopterygota (from "inner" + "wing" + Neo-Latin "-having"), is a superorder of insects within the infraclass Neoptera that go through distinctive larval, pupal, and adult stages.
See Lepidoptera and Holometabola
Holometabolism
Holometabolism, also called complete metamorphosis, is a form of insect development which includes four life stages: egg, larva, pupa, and imago (or adult).
See Lepidoptera and Holometabolism
Honeycomb
A honeycomb is a mass of hexagonal prismatic cells built from beeswax by honey bees in their nests to contain their brood (eggs, larvae, and pupae) and stores of honey and pollen.
Honeydew (secretion)
Honeydew is a sugar-rich sticky liquid, secreted by aphids, some scale insects, and many other true bugs and some other insects as they feed on plant sap.
See Lepidoptera and Honeydew (secretion)
Horizon
The horizon is the apparent curve that separates the surface of a celestial body from its sky when viewed from the perspective of an observer on or near the surface of the relevant body.
Hornet
Hornets (insects in the genus Vespa) are the largest of the eusocial wasps, and are similar in appearance to yellowjackets, their close relatives.
Huasteca
La Huasteca is a geographical and cultural region located partially along the Gulf of Mexico and including parts of the states of Tamaulipas, Veracruz, Puebla, Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, Querétaro and Guanajuato.
Human digestive system
The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder).
See Lepidoptera and Human digestive system
Human interactions with insects
Human interactions with insects include both a wide variety of uses, whether practical such as for food, textiles, and dyestuffs, or symbolic, as in art, music, and literature, and negative interactions including damage to crops and extensive efforts to control insect pests. Lepidoptera and Human interactions with insects are insects in culture.
See Lepidoptera and Human interactions with insects
Hummingbird
Hummingbirds are birds native to the Americas and comprise the biological family Trochilidae.
See Lepidoptera and Hummingbird
Humus
In classical soil science, humus is the dark organic matter in soil that is formed by the decomposition of plant and animal matter.
Hydrophobe
In chemistry, hydrophobicity is the physical property of a molecule that is seemingly repelled from a mass of water (known as a hydrophobe).
See Lepidoptera and Hydrophobe
Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera is a large order of insects, comprising the sawflies, wasps, bees, and ants. Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera are insect orders.
See Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera
Hyposmocoma molluscivora
Hyposmocoma molluscivora is a Hawaiian moth whose larvae are predators, capturing snails in their silk, much like a hunting spider's web, and then crawling inside the snail's shell to eat it alive.
See Lepidoptera and Hyposmocoma molluscivora
Ignaz Schiffermüller
Jeremias (Johann) Ignaz Schiffermüller (2 November 1727, Hellmonsödt – 21 June 1806, Linz) was an Austrian naturalist and Jesuit teacher who took a special interest in the Lepidoptera.
See Lepidoptera and Ignaz Schiffermüller
Imago
In biology, the imago (Latin for "image") is the last stage an insect attains during its metamorphosis, its process of growth and development; it is also called the imaginal stage ("imaginal" being "imago" in adjective form), the stage in which the insect attains maturity.
Indomalayan realm
The Indomalayan realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms.
See Lepidoptera and Indomalayan realm
Insect
Insects (from Latin insectum) are hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta.
Insect mouthparts
Insects have mouthparts that may vary greatly across insect species, as they are adapted to particular modes of feeding.
See Lepidoptera and Insect mouthparts
Insect physiology
Insect physiology includes the physiology and biochemistry of insect organ systems.
See Lepidoptera and Insect physiology
Insect scale
Scales are present on the bodies of various insects.
See Lepidoptera and Insect scale
Insect trap
Insect traps are used to monitor or directly reduce populations of insects or other arthropods, by trapping individuals and killing them.
See Lepidoptera and Insect trap
Insect wing
Insect wings are adult outgrowths of the insect exoskeleton that enable insects to fly.
See Lepidoptera and Insect wing
Instar
An instar (from the Latin īnstar 'form, likeness') is a developmental stage of arthropods, such as insects, which occurs between each moult (ecdysis) until sexual maturity is reached.
Iowa State University
Iowa State University of Science and Technology (Iowa State University, Iowa State, or ISU) is a public land-grant research university in Ames, Iowa.
See Lepidoptera and Iowa State University
Jacob Hübner
Jacob Hübner (20 June 1761 – 13 September 1826, in Augsburg) was a German entomologist.
See Lepidoptera and Jacob Hübner
Jaguar
The jaguar (Panthera onca) is a large cat species and the only living member of the genus Panthera native to the Americas.
Johan Christian Fabricius
Johan Christian Fabricius (7 January 1745 – 3 March 1808) was a Danish zoologist, specialising in "Insecta", which at that time included all arthropods: insects, arachnids, crustaceans and others.
See Lepidoptera and Johan Christian Fabricius
Journal of Ethnobiology
The Journal of Ethnobiology is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering ethnobiology.
See Lepidoptera and Journal of Ethnobiology
Junonia coenia
Junonia coenia, known as the common buckeye or buckeye, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae.
See Lepidoptera and Junonia coenia
Jurassic
The Jurassic is a geologic period and stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya.
Keratin
Keratin is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins.
Keratoconjunctivitis
Keratoconjunctivitis is a term used to describe inflammation of both the cornea (the clear, front part of the eye) and the conjunctiva (the thin, transparent membrane covering the white part of the eye and lining the inside of the eyelids).
See Lepidoptera and Keratoconjunctivitis
Kermes (insect)
Kermes is a genus of scale insects in the order Hemiptera.
See Lepidoptera and Kermes (insect)
Kidney
In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation.
Korean cuisine
Korean cuisine has evolved through centuries of social and political change.
See Lepidoptera and Korean cuisine
Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
, often shortened to Kwaidan ("ghost story"), is a 1904 book by Lafcadio Hearn that features several Japanese ghost stories and a brief non-fiction study on insects. Lepidoptera and Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things are insects in culture.
See Lepidoptera and Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things
Kyoto
Kyoto (Japanese: 京都, Kyōto), officially, is the capital city of Kyoto Prefecture in the Kansai region of Japan's largest and most populous island of Honshu.
Lafcadio Hearn
, born Patrick Lafcadio Hearn (Patríkios Lefkádios Chérn), was a Greek-Irish writer, translator, and teacher who introduced the culture and literature of Japan to the West.
See Lepidoptera and Lafcadio Hearn
Lamella (surface anatomy)
Lamellae on a gecko's foot. In surface anatomy, a lamella is a thin plate-like structure, often one amongst many lamellae very close to one another, with open space between.
See Lepidoptera and Lamella (surface anatomy)
Larva
A larva (larvae) is a distinct juvenile form many animals undergo before metamorphosis into their next life stage.
Lasiocampidae
The Lasiocampidae are a family of moths also known as eggars, tent caterpillars, snout moths (although this also refers to the Pyralidae), or lappet moths.
See Lepidoptera and Lasiocampidae
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale.
See Lepidoptera and Late Cretaceous
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
Leaf
A leaf (leaves) is a principal appendage of the stem of a vascular plant, usually borne laterally aboveground and specialized for photosynthesis.
Leaf miner
A leaf miner is any one of numerous species of insects in which the larval stage lives in, and eats, the leaf tissue of plants.
See Lepidoptera and Leaf miner
Leafhopper
Leafhopper is the common name for any species from the family Cicadellidae.
See Lepidoptera and Leafhopper
Lepidoptera genitalia
The study of the genitalia of Lepidoptera is important for Lepidoptera taxonomy in addition to development, anatomy and natural history.
See Lepidoptera and Lepidoptera genitalia
Lepidoptera in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae
In the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Carl Linnaeus classified the arthropods, including insects, arachnids and crustaceans, among his class "Insecta".
See Lepidoptera and Lepidoptera in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae
Lepidopterology
Lepidopterology) is a branch of entomology concerning the scientific study of moths and the two superfamilies of butterflies.
See Lepidoptera and Lepidopterology
Lesser wax moth
The lesser wax moth (Achroia grisella) is a small moth of the snout moth family (Pyralidae) that belongs to the subfamily Galleriinae.
See Lepidoptera and Lesser wax moth
Limenitidinae
The Limenitidinae are a subfamily of butterflies that includes the admirals and relatives.
See Lepidoptera and Limenitidinae
Lineage (evolution)
An evolutionary lineage is a temporal series of populations, organisms, cells, or genes connected by a continuous line of descent from ancestor to descendant.
See Lepidoptera and Lineage (evolution)
Linen
Linen is a textile made from the fibers of the flax plant.
Lionel Jack Dumbleton
Lionel Jack Dumbleton (1905 – 25 September 1976) was a New Zealand entomologist.
See Lepidoptera and Lionel Jack Dumbleton
List of feeding behaviours
Feeding is the process by which organisms, typically animals, obtain food.
See Lepidoptera and List of feeding behaviours
Lists of Lepidoptera by region
The following are the regional Lepidoptera lists by continent.
See Lepidoptera and Lists of Lepidoptera by region
Lizard
Lizard is the common name used for all squamate reptiles other than snakes (and to a lesser extent amphisbaenians), encompassing over 7,000 species, ranging across all continents except Antarctica, as well as most oceanic island chains.
Lonomia
The genus Lonomia is a moderate-sized group of fairly cryptic saturniid moths from South America, famous not for the adults, but for their highly venomous caterpillars, which are responsible for a few deaths each year, especially in southern Brazil, and the subject of hundreds of published medical studies.
Luis Buñuel
Luis Buñuel Portolés (22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish filmmaker who worked in France, Mexico, and Spain.
See Lepidoptera and Luis Buñuel
Luna moth
The luna moth (Actias luna), also called the American moon moth, is a Nearctic moth in the family Saturniidae, subfamily Saturniinae, a group commonly named the giant silk moths.
Lycaenidae
Lycaenidae is the second-largest family of butterflies (behind Nymphalidae, brush-footed butterflies), with over 6,000 species worldwide, whose members are also called gossamer-winged butterflies.
See Lepidoptera and Lycaenidae
Lymantria dispar
Lymantria dispar, also known as the gypsy moth or the spongy moth, is a species of moth in the family Erebidae native to Europe and Asia.
See Lepidoptera and Lymantria dispar
Mach bands
Mach bands is an optical illusion named after the physicist Ernst Mach.
See Lepidoptera and Mach bands
Macrolepidoptera
Macrolepidoptera is a group within the insect order Lepidoptera.
See Lepidoptera and Macrolepidoptera
Madrone butterfly
Eucheira socialis, commonly known as the Madrone butterfly is a lepidopteran that belongs to the family Pieridae.
See Lepidoptera and Madrone butterfly
Maggot
A maggot is the larva of a fly (order Diptera); it is applied in particular to the larvae of Brachycera flies, such as houseflies, cheese flies, and blowflies, rather than larvae of the Nematocera, such as mosquitoes and crane flies. Lepidoptera and maggot are insects in culture.
Maguey worm
Maguey worms (gusanos de maguey,; chinicuiles) are either of two species of edible caterpillars that infest maguey plants (Agave americana and Agave tequilana).
See Lepidoptera and Maguey worm
Mandible (insect mouthpart)
Insect mandibles are a pair of appendages near the insect's mouth, and the most anterior of the three pairs of oral appendages (the labrum is more anterior, but is a single fused structure).
See Lepidoptera and Mandible (insect mouthpart)
Marchantiophyta
The Marchantiophyta are a division of non-vascular land plants commonly referred to as hepatics or liverworts.
See Lepidoptera and Marchantiophyta
Mating
In biology, mating is the pairing of either opposite-sex or hermaphroditic organisms for the purposes of sexual reproduction.
Maya civilization
The Maya civilization was a Mesoamerican civilization that existed from antiquity to the early modern period.
See Lepidoptera and Maya civilization
Müllerian mimicry
Müllerian mimicry is a natural phenomenon in which two or more well-defended species, often foul-tasting and sharing common predators, have come to mimic each other's honest warning signals, to their mutual benefit.
See Lepidoptera and Müllerian mimicry
Mecoptera
Mecoptera (from the Greek: mecos. Lepidoptera and Mecoptera are insect orders.
Mesoamerica
Mesoamerica is a historical region and cultural area that begins in the southern part of North America and extends to the Pacific coast of Central America, thus comprising the lands of central and southern Mexico, all of Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, and parts of Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica.
See Lepidoptera and Mesoamerica
Mesothorax
The mesothorax is the middle of the three segments of the thorax of hexapods, and bears the second pair of legs.
See Lepidoptera and Mesothorax
Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis is a biological process by which an animal physically develops including birth transformation or hatching, involving a conspicuous and relatively abrupt change in the animal's body structure through cell growth and differentiation.
See Lepidoptera and Metamorphosis
Metathorax
The metathorax is the posterior of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the third pair of legs.
See Lepidoptera and Metathorax
Mexican jumping bean
Mexican jumping beans are seed pods that have been inhabited by the larva of a small moth (Cydia saltitans) and are native to Mexico.
See Lepidoptera and Mexican jumping bean
Mexico
Mexico, officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America.
Michael Denis
Johann Nepomuk Cosmas Michael Denis, also: Sined the Bard, (27 September 1729 – 29 September 1800) was an Austrian Catholic priest and Jesuit, who is best known as a poet, bibliographer, and lepidopterist.
See Lepidoptera and Michael Denis
Microlepidoptera
Microlepidoptera (micromoths) is an artificial (i.e., unranked and not monophyletic) grouping of moth families, commonly known as the "smaller moths" (micro, Lepidoptera).
See Lepidoptera and Microlepidoptera
Micropterigidae
Micropterigoidea is the superfamily of "mandibulate archaic moths", all placed in the single family Micropterigidae, containing currently about twenty living genera.
See Lepidoptera and Micropterigidae
Micropterix
Micropterix is a genus of small primitive metallic moths, in the family Micropterigidae within the insect order Lepidoptera.
See Lepidoptera and Micropterix
Micropyle (zoology)
A micropyle is a pore in the membrane covering the ovum, through which a sperm enters.
See Lepidoptera and Micropyle (zoology)
Middle English
Middle English (abbreviated to ME) is a form of the English language that was spoken after the Norman Conquest of 1066, until the late 15th century.
See Lepidoptera and Middle English
Midge
A midge is any small fly, including species in several families of non-mosquito nematoceran Diptera.
Mimallonidae
Mimallonidae (mimallonids), sometimes known as "sack-bearer" moths for the larval case-building behavior, are a family of Lepidoptera containing over 300 named species in 43 genera.
See Lepidoptera and Mimallonidae
Mimicry
In evolutionary biology, mimicry is an evolved resemblance between an organism and another object, often an organism of another species.
Mnesarchaeidae
Mnesarchaeoidea is a superfamily of "New Zealand primitive moths" containing one family, Mnesarchaeidae, and a two genera, Mnesarchaea and Mnesarchella, both of which are endemic to New Zealand.
See Lepidoptera and Mnesarchaeidae
Moduza procris
Moduza procris, the commander, sometimes included in the genus Limenitis, is a medium-sized, strikingly coloured brush-footed butterfly found in South Asia and Southeast Asia.
See Lepidoptera and Moduza procris
Monarch butterfly
The monarch butterfly or simply monarch (Danaus plexippus) is a milkweed butterfly (subfamily Danainae) in the family Nymphalidae.
See Lepidoptera and Monarch butterfly
Monophyly
In biological cladistics for the classification of organisms, monophyly is the condition of a taxonomic grouping being a clade – that is, a grouping of taxa which meets these criteria.
Monotrysia
The Monotrysia are a group of moths in the lepidopteran order, not currently considered to be a natural group or clade.
See Lepidoptera and Monotrysia
Monsoon
A monsoon is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annual latitudinal oscillation of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) between its limits to the north and south of the equator.
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
Morphology (biology)
Morphology in biology is the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
See Lepidoptera and Morphology (biology)
Moth
Moths are a group of insects that includes all members of the order Lepidoptera that are not butterflies.
Mucous membrane
A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body of an organism and covers the surface of internal organs.
See Lepidoptera and Mucous membrane
Mud-puddling
Mud-puddling, or simply puddling, is a behaviour most conspicuous in butterflies, but also occurring in other animals, primarily insects.
See Lepidoptera and Mud-puddling
Museum
A museum is an institution dedicated to displaying and/or preserving culturally or scientifically significant objects.
Mutualism (biology)
Mutualism describes the ecological interaction between two or more species where each species has a net benefit.
See Lepidoptera and Mutualism (biology)
Myrmica
Myrmica is a genus of ants within the subfamily Myrmicinae.
National Museum of Natural History
The National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) is a natural history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States.
See Lepidoptera and National Museum of Natural History
Natural History Museum, London
The Natural History Museum in London is a museum that exhibits a vast range of specimens from various segments of natural history.
See Lepidoptera and Natural History Museum, London
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
See Lepidoptera and Nature (journal)
Nearctic realm
The Nearctic realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting the Earth's land surface.
See Lepidoptera and Nearctic realm
Nectar
Nectar is a viscous, sugar-rich liquid produced by plants in glands called nectaries, either within the flowers with which it attracts pollinating animals, or by extrafloral nectaries, which provide a nutrient source to animal mutualists, which in turn provide herbivore protection.
Nectarivore
In zoology, a nectarivore is an animal which derives its energy and nutrient requirements from a diet consisting mainly or exclusively of the sugar-rich nectar produced by flowering plants.
See Lepidoptera and Nectarivore
Neotropical realm
The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface.
See Lepidoptera and Neotropical realm
Nepticulidae
Nepticulidae is a family of very small moths with a worldwide distribution.
See Lepidoptera and Nepticulidae
Nightjar
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal or crepuscular birds in the family Caprimulgidae and order Caprimulgiformes, characterised by long wings, short legs, and very short bills.
Noctuidae
The Noctuidae, commonly known as owlet moths, cutworms or armyworms, are a family of moths.
Noctuoidea
Noctuoidea is the superfamily of noctuid (Latin "night owl") or "owlet" moths, and has more than 70,000 described species, the largest number of any Lepidopteran superfamily.
See Lepidoptera and Noctuoidea
Nocturnality
Nocturnality is a behavior in some non-human animals characterized by being active during the night and sleeping during the day.
See Lepidoptera and Nocturnality
Norian
The Norian is a division of the Triassic Period.
North Sea
The North Sea lies between Great Britain, Denmark, Norway, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and France.
Northumbrian dialect
Northumbrian dialect or Northumbrian English is any one of several traditional English dialects spoken in the historic counties of Northumberland and County Durham.
See Lepidoptera and Northumbrian dialect
Nothofagus
Nothofagus, also known as the southern beeches, is a genus of 43 species of trees and shrubs native to the Southern Hemisphere in southern South America (Chile, Argentina) and east and southeast Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea, and New Caledonia.
See Lepidoptera and Nothofagus
Noxious weed
A noxious weed, harmful weed or injurious weed is a weed that has been designated by an agricultural or other governing authority as a plant that is harmful to agricultural or horticultural crops, natural habitats or ecosystems, or humans or livestock.
See Lepidoptera and Noxious weed
Nymphalidae
The Nymphalidae are the largest family of butterflies, with more than 6,000 species distributed throughout most of the world.
See Lepidoptera and Nymphalidae
Nymphalis antiopa
Nymphalis antiopa, known as the mourning cloak in North America and the Camberwell beauty in Britain, is a large butterfly native to Eurasia and North America.
See Lepidoptera and Nymphalis antiopa
Oceanian realm
The Oceanian realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms and is unique in not including any continental land mass.
See Lepidoptera and Oceanian realm
Ocybadistes walkeri
Ocybadistes walkeri, the greenish grass-dart, green grass-dart, southern dart or yellow-banded dart, is a type of butterfly known as a skipper found in eastern and southern Australia, with one subspecies found in the Northern Territory.
See Lepidoptera and Ocybadistes walkeri
Oecologia
Oecologia is an international peer-reviewed English-language journal published by Springer since 1968 (some articles were published in German or French until 1976).
Old English
Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
See Lepidoptera and Old English
Old French
Old French (franceis, françois, romanz; ancien français) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France approximately between the late 8th and the mid-14th century.
See Lepidoptera and Old French
Old Norse
Old Norse, Old Nordic, or Old Scandinavian is a stage of development of North Germanic dialects before their final divergence into separate Nordic languages.
Omen
An omen (also called portent) is a phenomenon that is believed to foretell the future, often signifying the advent of change.
Opuntia
Opuntia, commonly called the prickly pear cactus, is a genus of flowering plants in the cactus family Cactaceae, many known for their flavorful fruit and showy flowers.
Order (biology)
Order (ordo) is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy.
See Lepidoptera and Order (biology)
Osmeterium
The osmeterium is a defensive organ found in all papilionid larvae, in all stages.
See Lepidoptera and Osmeterium
Osteochondritis
Osteochondritis is a painful type of osteochondrosis where the cartilage or bone in a joint is inflamed.
See Lepidoptera and Osteochondritis
Oviparity
Oviparous animals are animals that reproduce by depositing fertilized zygotes outside the body (known as laying or spawning) in metabolically independent incubation organs known as eggs, which nurture the embryo into moving offsprings known as hatchlings with little or no embryonic development within the mother.
Ovipositor
The ovipositor is a tube-like organ used by some animals, especially insects, for the laying of eggs.
See Lepidoptera and Ovipositor
Ovoviviparity
Ovoviviparity, ovovivipary, ovivipary, or aplacental viviparity is a term used as a "bridging" form of reproduction between egg-laying oviparous and live-bearing viviparous reproduction.
See Lepidoptera and Ovoviviparity
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Lepidoptera and Oxford University Press
Palearctic realm
The Palearctic or Palaearctic is the largest of the eight biogeographic realms of the Earth.
See Lepidoptera and Palearctic realm
Paleocene
The Paleocene, or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 million years ago (mya).
Palynology
Palynology is the study of microorganisms and microscopic fragments of mega-organisms that are composed of acid-resistant organic material and occur in sediments, sedimentary rocks, and even some metasedimentary rocks.
See Lepidoptera and Palynology
Pan trap
A pan trap is a type of insect trap used to sample the abundance and diversity of insects, primarily used to capture small Hymenoptera.
Panama
Panama, officially the Republic of Panama, is a country in Latin America at the southern end of Central America, bordering South America.
Papilio antimachus
Papilio antimachus, the African giant swallowtail, is a butterfly in the family Papilionidae.
See Lepidoptera and Papilio antimachus
Papilio polytes
Papilio polytes, the common Mormon, is a common species of swallowtail butterfly widely distributed across Asia.
See Lepidoptera and Papilio polytes
Papilio rutulus
Papilio rutulus, the western tiger swallowtail, is a swallowtail butterfly belonging to the Papilionidae family.
See Lepidoptera and Papilio rutulus
Papilionoidea
The superfamily Papilionoidea (from the genus Papilio, meaning "butterfly") contains all the butterflies except for the moth-like Hedyloidea.
See Lepidoptera and Papilionoidea
Paraphyly
Paraphyly is a taxonomic term describing a grouping that consists of the grouping's last common ancestor and some but not all of its descendant lineages.
Parasetigena
Parasetigena is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.
See Lepidoptera and Parasetigena
Parasitism
Parasitism is a close relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
See Lepidoptera and Parasitism
Parasitoid
In evolutionary ecology, a parasitoid is an organism that lives in close association with its host at the host's expense, eventually resulting in the death of the host.
See Lepidoptera and Parasitoid
Parasitoid wasp
Parasitoid wasps are a large group of hymenopteran superfamilies, with all but the wood wasps (Orussoidea) being in the wasp-waisted Apocrita.
See Lepidoptera and Parasitoid wasp
Parnassius arcticus
Parnassius arcticus, the Siberian Apollo, is a high-altitude butterfly which is found in Northeastern Yakutia, Russia.
See Lepidoptera and Parnassius arcticus
Parnassius epaphus
Parnassius epaphus, the common red Apollo, is a high altitude butterfly which is found in India and Nepal.
See Lepidoptera and Parnassius epaphus
Patterns in nature
Patterns in nature are visible regularities of form found in the natural world.
See Lepidoptera and Patterns in nature
Peppered moth
The peppered moth (Biston betularia) is a temperate species of night-flying moth.
See Lepidoptera and Peppered moth
Peridroma saucia
Peridroma saucia, the pearly underwing or variegated cutworm, is a moth of the family Noctuidae.
See Lepidoptera and Peridroma saucia
Personification
Personification is the representation of a thing or abstraction as a person.
See Lepidoptera and Personification
Pest (organism)
A pest is any organism harmful to humans or human concerns. Lepidoptera and pest (organism) are insects in culture.
See Lepidoptera and Pest (organism)
Pest control
Pest control is the regulation or management of a species defined as a pest; such as any animal, plant or fungus that impacts adversely on human activities or environment.
See Lepidoptera and Pest control
Petal
Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers.
Phalaena
Phalaena is an obsolete genus of Lepidoptera used by Carl Linnaeus to house most moths.
Phengaris rebeli
Phengaris rebeli (formerly Maculinea rebeli), common name mountain Alcon blue, is a species of butterfly in the family Lycaenidae.
See Lepidoptera and Phengaris rebeli
Phenotypic trait
A phenotypic trait, simply trait, or character state is a distinct variant of a phenotypic characteristic of an organism; it may be either inherited or determined environmentally, but typically occurs as a combination of the two.
See Lepidoptera and Phenotypic trait
Pheromone
A pheromone is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species.
Pheromone trap
A pheromone trap is a type of insect trap that uses pheromones to lure insects.
See Lepidoptera and Pheromone trap
Philipp Christoph Zeller
Philipp Christoph Zeller (8 April 1808 – 27 March 1883) was a German entomologist.
See Lepidoptera and Philipp Christoph Zeller
Photonic crystal
A photonic crystal is an optical nanostructure in which the refractive index changes periodically.
See Lepidoptera and Photonic crystal
Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree, phylogeny or evolutionary tree is a graphical representation which shows the evolutionary history between a set of species or taxa during a specific time.
See Lepidoptera and Phylogenetic tree
Pieridae
The Pieridae are a large family of butterflies with about 76 genera containing about 1,100 species, mostly from tropical Africa and tropical Asia with some varieties in the more northern regions of North America and Eurasia.
Pieris brassicae
Pieris brassicae, the large white, also called cabbage butterfly, cabbage white, cabbage moth (erroneously), or in India the large cabbage white, is a butterfly in the family Pieridae.
See Lepidoptera and Pieris brassicae
Pieris rapae
Pieris rapae is a small- to medium-sized butterfly species of the whites-and-yellows family Pieridae.
See Lepidoptera and Pieris rapae
Pierre André Latreille
Pierre André Latreille (29 November 1762 – 6 February 1833) was a French zoologist, specialising in arthropods.
See Lepidoptera and Pierre André Latreille
Pigment
A pigment is a powder used to add color or change visual appearance.
PLOS Biology
PLOS Biology is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of biology.
See Lepidoptera and PLOS Biology
PLOS One
PLOS One (stylized PLOS ONE, and formerly PLoS ONE) is a peer-reviewed open access mega journal published by the Public Library of Science (PLOS) since 2006.
Polarization (waves)
italics (also italics) is a property of transverse waves which specifies the geometrical orientation of the oscillations.
See Lepidoptera and Polarization (waves)
Pollen
Pollen is a powdery substance produced by most types of flowers of seed plants for the purpose of sexual reproduction.
Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther of a plant to the stigma of a plant, later enabling fertilisation and the production of seeds.
See Lepidoptera and Pollination
Pollinator
A pollinator is an animal that moves pollen from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma of a flower.
See Lepidoptera and Pollinator
Polyphenism
A polyphenic trait is a trait for which multiple, discrete phenotypes can arise from a single genotype as a result of differing environmental conditions.
See Lepidoptera and Polyphenism
Potassium
Potassium is a chemical element; it has symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number19.
Predation
Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
See Lepidoptera and Princeton University Press
Proboscis
A proboscis is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (often abbreviated PNAS or PNAS USA) is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary scientific journal.
See Lepidoptera and Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Prodoxidae
The Prodoxidae are a family of moths, generally small in size and nondescript in appearance.
See Lepidoptera and Prodoxidae
Prodryas
Prodryas persephone is an extinct species of brush-footed butterfly, known from a single specimen from the Chadronian-aged Florissant Shale Lagerstätte of Late Eocene Colorado.
Proleg
A proleg is a small, fleshy, stub structure found on the ventral surface of the abdomen of most larval forms of insects of the order Lepidoptera, though they can also be found on larvae of insects such as sawflies.
Protein
Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues.
Prothoracicotropic hormone
Prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH) was the first insect hormone to be discovered.
See Lepidoptera and Prothoracicotropic hormone
Prothorax
The prothorax is the foremost of the three segments in the thorax of an insect, and bears the first pair of legs.
Pterygota
The Pterygota (winged) are a subclass of insects that includes all winged insects and the orders that are secondarily wingless (that is, insect groups whose ancestors once had wings but that have lost them as a result of subsequent evolution).
Pupa
A pupa (pupae) is the life stage of some insects undergoing transformation between immature and mature stages.
Pyralidae
The Pyralidae, commonly called pyralid moths, snout moths or grass moths, are a family of Lepidoptera in the ditrysian superfamily Pyraloidea.
Pyraloidea
The Pyraloidea (pyraloid moths or snout moths) are a moth superfamily containing about 16,000 described species worldwide, and probably at least as many more remain to be described.
See Lepidoptera and Pyraloidea
Queen Alexandra's birdwing
Ornithoptera alexandrae, the Queen Alexandra's birdwing, is the largest species of butterfly in the world, with females reaching wingspans slightly in excess of 25 cm to 28 cm (9.8 inches to 11 inches).
See Lepidoptera and Queen Alexandra's birdwing
Queensland
Queensland (commonly abbreviated as Qld) is a state in northeastern Australia, the second-largest and third-most populous of the Australian states.
See Lepidoptera and Queensland
Red-bodied swallowtail
Red-bodied swallowtails, or ruby swallowtail (due to the color), are butterflies in the swallowtail family, that belong to the genera Atrophaneura, Byasa, Losaria, or Pachliopta.
See Lepidoptera and Red-bodied swallowtail
Respiratory system
The respiratory system (also respiratory apparatus, ventilatory system) is a biological system consisting of specific organs and structures used for gas exchange in animals and plants.
See Lepidoptera and Respiratory system
Royal Entomological Society
The Royal Entomological Society is devoted to the study of insects.
See Lepidoptera and Royal Entomological Society
Sakha Republic
Sakha, officially the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), is the largest republic of Russia, located in the Russian Far East, along the Arctic Ocean, with a population of one million.
See Lepidoptera and Sakha Republic
Salvador Dalí
Salvador Domingo Felipe Jacinto Dalí i Domènech, Marquess of Dalí of Púbol (11 May 190423 January 1989), known as Salvador Dalí, was a Spanish surrealist artist renowned for his technical skill, precise draftsmanship, and the striking and bizarre images in his work.
See Lepidoptera and Salvador Dalí
Samuel Hubbard Scudder
Samuel Hubbard Scudder (April 13, 1837 – May 17, 1911) was an American entomologist and paleontologist.
See Lepidoptera and Samuel Hubbard Scudder
Sarcophaga aldrichi
Sarcophaga aldrichi, the friendly fly or large flesh fly, is a fly that is a parasitoid of the forest tent caterpillar.
See Lepidoptera and Sarcophaga aldrichi
Sawfly
Sawflies are wasp-like insects that are in the suborder Symphyta within the order Hymenoptera, alongside ants, bees, and wasps.
Scale (zoology)
In zoology, a scale (lepís; squāma) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animal's skin to provide protection.
See Lepidoptera and Scale (zoology)
Scale insect
Scale insects are small insects of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha.
See Lepidoptera and Scale insect
Science Advances
Science Advances is a peer-reviewed multidisciplinary open-access scientific journal established in early 2015 and published by the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
See Lepidoptera and Science Advances
Sclerite
A sclerite (Greek σκληρός, sklēros, meaning "hard") is a hardened body part.
Season
A season is a division of the year based on changes in weather, ecology, and the number of daylight hours in a given region.
Sebastiania
Sebastiania is a genus of flowering plants in the family Euphorbiaceae first described in 1821.
See Lepidoptera and Sebastiania
Semolina
Semolina is the name given to coarsely milled durum wheat mainly used in making pasta and sweet puddings.
Sesiidae
The Sesiidae or clearwing moths are a diurnal moth family in the order Lepidoptera known for their Batesian mimicry in both appearance and behaviour of various Hymenoptera.
Sex organ
A sex organ, also known as a reproductive organ, is a part of an organism that is involved in sexual reproduction.
Sexual dimorphism
Sexual dimorphism is the condition where sexes of the same species exhibit different morphological characteristics, particularly characteristics not directly involved in reproduction.
See Lepidoptera and Sexual dimorphism
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection in which members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).
See Lepidoptera and Sexual selection
Sigh (band)
is a Japanese experimental metal band from Tokyo, formed in 1989.
See Lepidoptera and Sigh (band)
Silene latifolia
Silene latifolia, commonly known as white campion, is a dioecious flowering plant in the family Caryophyllaceae, native to most of Europe, Western Asia and northern Africa.
See Lepidoptera and Silene latifolia
Silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.
Silver Y
The silver Y (Autographa gamma) is a migratory moth of the family Noctuidae which is named for the silvery Y-shaped mark on each of its forewings.
Siphon
A siphon (also spelled syphon) is any of a wide variety of devices that involve the flow of liquids through tubes.
Sister group
In phylogenetics, a sister group or sister taxon, also called an adelphotaxon, comprises the closest relative(s) of another given unit in an evolutionary tree.
See Lepidoptera and Sister group
Skipper (butterfly)
Skippers are a group of butterflies placed in the family Hesperiidae within the order Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies).
See Lepidoptera and Skipper (butterfly)
Sloth
Sloths are a Neotropical group of xenarthran mammals constituting the suborder Folivora, including the extant arboreal tree sloths and extinct terrestrial ground sloths.
Sloth moth
A sloth moth is a coprophagous moth which has evolved to exclusively inhabit the fur of sloths and to use sloth dung as a substrate for the early stages of reproduction.
See Lepidoptera and Sloth moth
Snow scorpionfly
Boreidae, commonly called snow scorpionflies, or in the British Isles, snow fleas (no relation to the snow flea Hypogastrura nivicola) are a very small family of scorpionflies, containing only around 30 species, all of which are boreal or high-altitude species in the Northern Hemisphere.
See Lepidoptera and Snow scorpionfly
Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica
Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica (also known as SEL) is a European society for the study of moths and butterflies and for the conservation of these insects and their natural habitats.
See Lepidoptera and Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica
Solomon Islands
Solomon Islands, also known simply as the Solomons,John Prados, Islands of Destiny, Dutton Caliber, 2012, p,20 and passim is a country consisting of 21 major islands Guadalcanal, Malaita, Makira, Santa Isabel, Choiseul, New Georgia, Kolombangara, Rennell, Vella Lavella, Vangunu, Nendo, Maramasike, Rendova, Shortland, San Jorge, Banie, Ranongga, Pavuvu, Nggela Pile and Nggela Sule, Tetepare, (which are bigger in area than 100 square kilometres) and over 900 smaller islands in Melanesia, part of Oceania, to the northeast of Australia.
See Lepidoptera and Solomon Islands
Soul
In many religious and philosophical traditions, the soul is the non-material essence of a person, which includes one's identity, personality, and memories, an immaterial aspect or essence of a living being that is believed to be able to survive physical death.
South America
South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a considerably smaller portion in the Northern Hemisphere.
See Lepidoptera and South America
Species
A species (species) is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction.
Sphingidae
The Sphingidae are a family of moths commonly called sphinx moths, also colloquially known as hawk moths, with many of their caterpillars known as "hornworms"; it includes about 1,450 species.
See Lepidoptera and Sphingidae
Spider
Spiders (order Araneae) are air-breathing arthropods that have eight limbs, chelicerae with fangs generally able to inject venom, and spinnerets that extrude silk.
Spider web
A spider web, spiderweb, spider's web, or cobweb (from the archaic word coppe, meaning "spider") is a structure created by a spider out of proteinaceous spider silk extruded from its spinnerets, generally meant to catch its prey.
See Lepidoptera and Spider web
Spinneret
A spinneret is a silk-spinning organ of a spider or the larva of an insect.
Spodoptera
Spodoptera is a genus of moths of the family Noctuidae erected by Achille Guenée in 1852.
See Lepidoptera and Spodoptera
Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
See Lepidoptera and Springer Science+Business Media
Stamen
The stamen (stamina or stamens) is the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.
Stigma (botany)
The stigma (stigmas or stigmata) is the receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower.
See Lepidoptera and Stigma (botany)
Structural coloration
Structural coloration in animals, and a few plants, is the production of colour by microscopically structured surfaces fine enough to interfere with visible light instead of pigments, although some structural coloration occurs in combination with pigments.
See Lepidoptera and Structural coloration
Swallowtail butterfly
Swallowtail butterflies are large, colorful butterflies in the family Papilionidae, and include over 550 species.
See Lepidoptera and Swallowtail butterfly
Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek,, "living with, companionship, camaraderie", from,, "together", and, bíōsis, "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two biological organisms of different species, termed symbionts, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
Synergy
Synergy is an interaction or cooperation giving rise to a whole that is greater than the simple sum of its parts (i.e., a non-linear addition of force, energy, or effect).
Syntomeida epilais
Syntomeida epilais, the polka-dot wasp moth or oleander moth, is a species of moth thought to be native to the Caribbean.
See Lepidoptera and Syntomeida epilais
Systema Naturae
(originally in Latin written with the ligature æ) is one of the major works of the Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) and introduced the Linnaean taxonomy.
See Lepidoptera and Systema Naturae
Taira no Masakado
was a Heian period provincial magnate (gōzoku) and samurai based in eastern Japan, notable for leading the first recorded uprising against the central government in Kyōto.
See Lepidoptera and Taira no Masakado
Tarachoptera
Tarachoptera is an extinct order of insects, currently solely known from the mid Cretaceous aged Burmese amber. Lepidoptera and Tarachoptera are Amphiesmenoptera.
See Lepidoptera and Tarachoptera
Taxonomic rank
In biology, taxonomic rank is the relative level of a group of organisms (a taxon) in an ancestral or hereditary hierarchy.
See Lepidoptera and Taxonomic rank
Taxonomy (biology)
In biology, taxonomy is the scientific study of naming, defining (circumscribing) and classifying groups of biological organisms based on shared characteristics.
See Lepidoptera and Taxonomy (biology)
Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
The insect order Lepidoptera consists of moths (43 superfamilies), most of which are night-flying, and a derived group, mainly day-flying, called butterflies (superfamily Papilionoidea).
See Lepidoptera and Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera
Tegeticula
Tegeticula is a genus of moths of the family Prodoxidae, one of three genera known as yucca moths; they are mutualistic pollinators of various Yucca and Hesperoyucca species.
See Lepidoptera and Tegeticula
Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
See Lepidoptera and Temperate climate
Teotihuacan
Teotihuacan (Spanish: Teotihuacán) is an ancient Mesoamerican city located in a sub-valley of the Valley of Mexico, which is located in the State of Mexico, northeast of modern-day Mexico City.
See Lepidoptera and Teotihuacan
Terrestrial animal
Terrestrial animals are animals that live predominantly or entirely on land (e.g. cats, chickens, ants, spiders), as compared with aquatic animals, which live predominantly or entirely in the water (e.g. fish, lobsters, octopuses), and semiaquatic animals, which rely on both aquatic and terrestrial habitats (e.g.
See Lepidoptera and Terrestrial animal
Textile
Textile is an umbrella term that includes various fiber-based materials, including fibers, yarns, filaments, threads, different fabric types, etc.
The Canadian Entomologist
The Canadian Entomologist is a bimonthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering all aspects of entomology.
See Lepidoptera and The Canadian Entomologist
The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera
The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera was a journal that published scientific articles on Lepidoptera from 1962 to 2017, publishing a total 49 volumes.
See Lepidoptera and The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera
The Science of Nature
The Science of Nature, formerly Naturwissenschaften, is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science+Business Media covering all aspects of the natural sciences relating to questions of biological significance.
See Lepidoptera and The Science of Nature
The Silence of the Lambs (film)
The Silence of the Lambs is a 1991 American psychological horror thriller film directed by Jonathan Demme and written by Ted Tally, adapted from Thomas Harris's 1988 novel of the same name.
See Lepidoptera and The Silence of the Lambs (film)
Thermoregulation
Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to keep its body temperature within certain boundaries, even when the surrounding temperature is very different.
See Lepidoptera and Thermoregulation
Thymelicus
Thymelicus is a Palearctic genus of skipper butterflies in the family Hesperiidae.
See Lepidoptera and Thymelicus
Tinea (moth)
Tinea is a genus of the fungus moth family, Tineidae.
See Lepidoptera and Tinea (moth)
Tinea pellionella
Tinea pellionella, the case-bearing clothes moth, is a species of tineoid moth in the family Tineidae, the fungus moths.
See Lepidoptera and Tinea pellionella
Tineidae
Tineidae is a family of moths in the order Lepidoptera described by Pierre André Latreille in 1810.
Tineoidea
Tineoidea is the ditrysian superfamily of moths that includes clothes moths, bagworms and relatives.
Tineola bisselliella
Tineola bisselliella, known as the common clothes moth, webbing clothes moth, or simply clothing moth, is a species of fungus moth (family Tineidae, subfamily Tineinae).
See Lepidoptera and Tineola bisselliella
Tomato
The tomato is the edible berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as the tomato plant.
Tornatellides
Tornatellides is a genus of minute, air-breathing land snails, terrestrial gastropod mollusks, or micromolluscs in the family Achatinellidae.
See Lepidoptera and Tornatellides
Torso
The torso or trunk is an anatomical term for the central part, or the core, of the body of many animals (including humans), from which the head, neck, limbs, tail and other appendages extend.
Tortricidae
The Tortricidae are a family of moths, commonly known as tortrix moths or leafroller moths, in the order Lepidoptera.
See Lepidoptera and Tortricidae
Trachea
The trachea (tracheae or tracheas), also known as the windpipe, is a cartilaginous tube that connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs, allowing the passage of air, and so is present in almost all animals with lungs.
Transverse orientation
Transverse orientation, keeping a fixed angle on a distant source of light for orientation, is a proprioceptive response displayed by some insects such as moths.
See Lepidoptera and Transverse orientation
Triassic
The Triassic (sometimes symbolized 🝈) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.5 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.4 Mya.
Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
The Triassic–Jurassic (Tr-J) extinction event (TJME), often called the end-Triassic extinction, was a Mesozoic extinction event that marks the boundary between the Triassic and Jurassic periods,, and is one of the top five major extinction events of the Phanerozoic eon, profoundly affecting life on land and in the oceans.
See Lepidoptera and Triassic–Jurassic extinction event
Trophic level
The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food web.
See Lepidoptera and Trophic level
Tympanal organ
A tympanal organ (or tympanic organ) is a hearing organ in insects, consisting of a membrane (tympanum) stretched across a frame backed by an air sac and associated sensory neurons.
See Lepidoptera and Tympanal organ
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland.
See Lepidoptera and United Kingdom
University of Chicago Press
The University of Chicago Press is the university press of the University of Chicago, a private research university in Chicago, Illinois.
See Lepidoptera and University of Chicago Press
University of Florida
The University of Florida (Florida or UF) is a public land-grant research university in Gainesville, Florida.
See Lepidoptera and University of Florida
University of Minnesota
The University of Minnesota (formally the University of Minnesota, Twin Cities), colloquially referred to as "The U", is a public land-grant research university in the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States.
See Lepidoptera and University of Minnesota
Urania fulgens
Urania fulgens, the urania swallowtail moth or green page moth, is a day-flying moth of the family Uraniidae.
See Lepidoptera and Urania fulgens
Uraniidae
The Uraniidae are a family of moths containing four subfamilies, 90 genera, and roughly 700 species.
Vanessa atalanta
Vanessa atalanta, the red admiral or, previously, the red admirable, is a well-characterized, medium-sized butterfly with black wings, red bands, and white spots.
See Lepidoptera and Vanessa atalanta
Vanessa cardui
Vanessa cardui is the most widespread of all butterfly species.
See Lepidoptera and Vanessa cardui
Vanuatu
Vanuatu, officially the Republic of Vanuatu (République de Vanuatu; Ripablik blong Vanuatu), is an island country in Melanesia, located in the South Pacific Ocean.
Viceroy (butterfly)
The viceroy (Limenitis archippus) is a North American butterfly.
See Lepidoptera and Viceroy (butterfly)
Voltinism
Voltinism is a term used in biology to indicate the number of broods or generations of an organism in a year.
Wasp
A wasp is any insect of the narrow-waisted suborder Apocrita of the order Hymenoptera which is neither a bee nor an ant; this excludes the broad-waisted sawflies (Symphyta), which look somewhat like wasps, but are in a separate suborder. Lepidoptera and wasp are insects in culture.
Wax
Waxes are a diverse class of organic compounds that are lipophilic, malleable solids near ambient temperatures.
Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain that is a staple food around the world.
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
See Lepidoptera and Wiley-Blackwell
Willi Hennig
Emil Hans Willi Hennig (20 April 1913 – 5 November 1976) was a German biologist and zoologist who is considered the founder of phylogenetic systematics, otherwise known as cladistics.
See Lepidoptera and Willi Hennig
Yponomeutoidea
Yponomeutoidea is a superfamily of ermine moths and relatives.
See Lepidoptera and Yponomeutoidea
Yucca
Yucca is a genus of perennial shrubs and trees in the family Asparagaceae, subfamily Agavoideae.
Zapotec civilization
The Zapotec civilization ("The People"; 700 BC–1521 AD) is an indigenous pre-Columbian civilization that flourished in the Valley of Oaxaca in Mesoamerica.
See Lepidoptera and Zapotec civilization
Zenodochium
Zenodochium is a genus of moths in the family Blastodacnidae described by Lord Walsingham in 1908.
See Lepidoptera and Zenodochium
Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
The Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering zoology published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Linnean Society.
See Lepidoptera and Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
ZW sex-determination system
The ZW sex-determination system is a chromosomal system that determines the sex of offspring in birds, some fish and crustaceans such as the giant river prawn, some insects (including butterflies and moths), the schistosome family of flatworms, and some reptiles, e.g. majority of snakes, lacertid lizards and monitors, including Komodo dragons.
See Lepidoptera and ZW sex-determination system
Zygaena
Zygaena is a genus of moths in the family Zygaenidae.
10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae (Latin; the English title is A General System of Nature) is a book written by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature.
See Lepidoptera and 10th edition of Systema Naturae
See also
Amphiesmenoptera
- Amphiesmenoptera
- Caddisfly
- Eocorona
- Eocoronidae
- Lepidoptera
- Tarachoptera
- Trichoptera
Extant Early Jurassic first appearances
- Balanus
- Bullhead shark
- Caecilian
- Caridea
- Carpet shark
- Cryptodira
- Diadematoida
- Echinacea (animal)
- Glomerula
- Gnathostomata (echinoid)
- Gymnophiona
- Holectypoida
- Lepidoptera
- Mantispidae
- Mesoeucrocodylia
- Metasuchia
- Neosuchia
- Phymosomatoida
- Psychocidaridae
- Snakefly
- Sphenodontidae
Insect orders
- Archaeognatha
- Blattodea
- Embioptera
- Hemiptera
- Hymenoptera
- Lepidoptera
- Mecoptera
- Megaloptera
- Neuroptera
- Odonata
- Orthoptera
- Phasmatodea
- Plecoptera
- Psocodea
- Psocoptera
- Strepsiptera
- Zoraptera
- Zygentoma
Pliensbachian first appearances
- Balanus
- Ceratosauria
- Cryptodira
- Dactylioceratinae
- Hildoceratidae
- Lepidoptera
- Liparoceratidae
- Lytoceratidae
- Lytoceratinae
- Phricodoceratidae
- Plesiosauroidea
- Reynesocoeloceratinae
- Rhabdophyllia
References
Also known as Butterflies and Moths, Evolution of Lepidoptera, Ledioptera, Lepdiotera, Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Lepidopteran, Lepidopterans, Lepidopterous, Moths and butterflies.
, Basal (phylogenetics), Basal metabolic rate, Bat, Batesian mimicry, Bee, Beetle, Beondegi, Biogeographic realm, Biological interaction, Biological life cycle, Bird, Bird nest, Birdwing, Biscuit, Bleeding, Blepharipa, Blood cell, Bogong moth, Bombycoidea, Bombyx mandarina, Bombyx mori, Bracovirus, Bradypodicola, Brain, Bran, Braunschweig, Breathing, Bumblebee, Butterfly, Butterfly gardening, Butterfly ranching in Papua New Guinea, Cabbage white, Cactoblastis cactorum, Caddisfly, Cambridge Philosophical Society, Cambridge University Press, Camouflage, Carl Linnaeus, Carnia, Carnivore, Carpet moth, Casein, Caterpillar, Celestial navigation, Censer, Central America, Charmouth Mudstone Formation, Chorion, Cicada, Circulatory system, Clade, Cladistics, Cladogram, Clasper, Climate, Cloaca, Coagulopathy, Coevolution, Commensalism, Compound eye, Compsilura concinnata, Coprophagia, Copulation (zoology), Corpus allatum, Cosmopterigidae, Cossidae, Costa Rica, Cotton, Crambidae, CRC Press, Crepuscular animal, Cretaceous, Cretaceous Terrestrial Revolution, Crop (anatomy), Cryptoses choloepi, Cydia saltitans, Danainae, De Gruyter, Death's-head hawkmoth, Denmark, Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Detritivore, Detritus, Diapause, Diffraction grating, Digestion, Ditrysia, Diurnality, DNA, Domestic pigeon, Dorset, Dragonfly, Dutch language, Early Jurassic, Earth's magnetic field, Ecdysis, Ecdysone, Edward Meyrick, Egg, Endocrine system, English language, Entomophagy, Entomophily, Eocene, Epimartyria, Epipyropidae, Erebidae, Eriocraniidae, Esophagus, Eupithecia, Eurema hecabe, Eurytides marcellus, Evolutionary arms race, External morphology of Lepidoptera, Eyespot (mimicry), Fairy, Family (biology), Fauna Svecica, Feather, Ferdinand Ochsenheimer, Fiji, Fire, Flea, Florida Museum of Natural History, Florissant Formation, Flour, Flower constancy, Flowering plant, Fluid balance, Fly, Folivore, Food chain, Forest tent caterpillar moth, Fungus, Fur, Fur Formation, G. A. W. Herrich-Schäffer, Galleria mellonella, Gamete, Gelechiidae, Gelechioidea, Genetic engineering, Genitive case, Genome, Geometer moth, Geometroidea, Georg Friedrich Treitschke, George Hampson, German language, Germany, Germination, Gill, Gland, Glossata, Glyptapanteles, Goblet cell, Gracillarioidea, Great tit, Gynaephora groenlandica, Hail Horror Hail, Hair, Hawaii, Heart and dart, Hedylidae, Heliconius, Helicoverpa, Helicoverpa zea, Hemiptera, Hemolymph, Hepialidae, Hepialoidea, Herbivore, Heterobathmia, Heterotroph, Himalayas, History of silk, Hives, Holocene, Holometabola, Holometabolism, Honeycomb, Honeydew (secretion), Horizon, Hornet, Huasteca, Human digestive system, Human interactions with insects, Hummingbird, Humus, Hydrophobe, Hymenoptera, Hyposmocoma molluscivora, Ignaz Schiffermüller, Imago, Indomalayan realm, Insect, Insect mouthparts, Insect physiology, Insect scale, Insect trap, Insect wing, Instar, Iowa State University, Jacob Hübner, Jaguar, Johan Christian Fabricius, Journal of Ethnobiology, Junonia coenia, Jurassic, Keratin, Keratoconjunctivitis, Kermes (insect), Kidney, Korean cuisine, Kwaidan: Stories and Studies of Strange Things, Kyoto, Lafcadio Hearn, Lamella (surface anatomy), Larva, Lasiocampidae, Late Cretaceous, Latin, Leaf, Leaf miner, Leafhopper, Lepidoptera genitalia, Lepidoptera in the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, Lepidopterology, Lesser wax moth, Limenitidinae, Lineage (evolution), Linen, Lionel Jack Dumbleton, List of feeding behaviours, Lists of Lepidoptera by region, Lizard, Lonomia, Luis Buñuel, Luna moth, Lycaenidae, Lymantria dispar, Mach bands, Macrolepidoptera, Madrone butterfly, Maggot, Maguey worm, Mandible (insect mouthpart), Marchantiophyta, Mating, Maya civilization, Müllerian mimicry, Mecoptera, Mesoamerica, Mesothorax, Metamorphosis, Metathorax, Mexican jumping bean, Mexico, Michael Denis, Microlepidoptera, Micropterigidae, Micropterix, Micropyle (zoology), Middle English, Midge, Mimallonidae, Mimicry, Mnesarchaeidae, Moduza procris, Monarch butterfly, Monophyly, Monotrysia, Monsoon, Moon, Morphology (biology), Moth, Mucous membrane, Mud-puddling, Museum, Mutualism (biology), Myrmica, National Museum of Natural History, Natural History Museum, London, Nature (journal), Nearctic realm, Nectar, Nectarivore, Neotropical realm, Nepticulidae, Nightjar, Noctuidae, Noctuoidea, Nocturnality, Norian, North Sea, Northumbrian dialect, Nothofagus, Noxious weed, Nymphalidae, Nymphalis antiopa, Oceanian realm, Ocybadistes walkeri, Oecologia, Old English, Old French, Old Norse, Omen, Opuntia, Order (biology), Osmeterium, Osteochondritis, Oviparity, Ovipositor, Ovoviviparity, Oxford University Press, Palearctic realm, Paleocene, Palynology, Pan trap, Panama, Papilio antimachus, Papilio polytes, Papilio rutulus, Papilionoidea, Paraphyly, Parasetigena, Parasitism, Parasitoid, Parasitoid wasp, Parnassius arcticus, Parnassius epaphus, Patterns in nature, Peppered moth, Peridroma saucia, Personification, Pest (organism), Pest control, Petal, Phalaena, Phengaris rebeli, Phenotypic trait, Pheromone, Pheromone trap, Philipp Christoph Zeller, Photonic crystal, Phylogenetic tree, Pieridae, Pieris brassicae, Pieris rapae, Pierre André Latreille, Pigment, PLOS Biology, PLOS One, Polarization (waves), Pollen, Pollination, Pollinator, Polyphenism, Potassium, Predation, Princeton University Press, Proboscis, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, Prodoxidae, Prodryas, Proleg, Protein, Prothoracicotropic hormone, Prothorax, Pterygota, Pupa, Pyralidae, Pyraloidea, Queen Alexandra's birdwing, Queensland, Red-bodied swallowtail, Respiratory system, Royal Entomological Society, Sakha Republic, Salvador Dalí, Samuel Hubbard Scudder, Sarcophaga aldrichi, Sawfly, Scale (zoology), Scale insect, Science Advances, Sclerite, Season, Sebastiania, Semolina, Sesiidae, Sex organ, Sexual dimorphism, Sexual selection, Sigh (band), Silene latifolia, Silk, Silver Y, Siphon, Sister group, Skipper (butterfly), Sloth, Sloth moth, Snow scorpionfly, Societas Europaea Lepidopterologica, Solomon Islands, Soul, South America, Species, Sphingidae, Spider, Spider web, Spinneret, Spodoptera, Springer Science+Business Media, Stamen, Stigma (botany), Structural coloration, Swallowtail butterfly, Symbiosis, Synergy, Syntomeida epilais, Systema Naturae, Taira no Masakado, Tarachoptera, Taxonomic rank, Taxonomy (biology), Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera, Tegeticula, Temperate climate, Teotihuacan, Terrestrial animal, Textile, The Canadian Entomologist, The Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera, The Science of Nature, The Silence of the Lambs (film), Thermoregulation, Thymelicus, Tinea (moth), Tinea pellionella, Tineidae, Tineoidea, Tineola bisselliella, Tomato, Tornatellides, Torso, Tortricidae, Trachea, Transverse orientation, Triassic, Triassic–Jurassic extinction event, Trophic level, Tympanal organ, United Kingdom, University of Chicago Press, University of Florida, University of Minnesota, Urania fulgens, Uraniidae, Vanessa atalanta, Vanessa cardui, Vanuatu, Viceroy (butterfly), Voltinism, Wasp, Wax, Wheat, Wiley-Blackwell, Willi Hennig, Yponomeutoidea, Yucca, Zapotec civilization, Zenodochium, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, ZW sex-determination system, Zygaena, 10th edition of Systema Naturae.