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Criticism of science

Index Criticism of science

Criticism of science addresses and refines problems within science in order to improve science as a whole and its role in society. [1]

97 relations: Abrahamic religions, Alan Watts, Ann Hibner Koblitz, Anne Fausto-Sterling, Anthropologist, Anti-intellectualism, Antiscience, Authoritarianism, Beat reporting, Begging the question, Behavioural sciences, Bernard Rollin, Bible, Biomedicine, Capitalism, Carolyn Merchant, Christian fundamentalism, Corporation, Critical theory, Demarcation problem, Discordianism, Divination, E. F. Schumacher, Education, Edwina Currie, Emily Martin (anthropologist), Epistemological anarchism, Epistemology, Ethics, Evelyn Fox Keller, Faith, Fanaticism, Feminism, God, History, Human, Human fertilization, Humanities, Ideology, Imre Lakatos, Jacques Barzun, Knowledge, Lenore Blum, Logos, Londa Schiebinger, Magic (supernatural), Mass media, Meaning (linguistics), Medical research, Metascience (research), ..., Methodology, Military–industrial complex, MMR vaccine, Mythology, Nature, Nicholas Rescher, Paul Feyerabend, Peter Kropotkin, Philosophy, Philosophy of science, Politicization of science, Polymath, Power (social and political), Power (statistics), Proteus phenomenon, Pseudoscience, Psychology, Publication bias, Reductionism, Religion, Replication crisis, Reproducibility, Rhetoric of science, Robert Anton Wilson, Ruth Hubbard, Salmonella, Sandra Harding, Science, Scientific controversy, Scientific dissent, Scientific misconduct, Scientific progress, Scientific Revolution, Scientism, Sexism, Social science, Stanley Aronowitz, Stephen Jay Gould, The arts, Theodor W. Adorno, Theosophy and science, Tim Ingold, Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle, United Kingdom, University of Minnesota Press, Wisdom, Zoology. Expand index (47 more) »

Abrahamic religions

The Abrahamic religions, also referred to collectively as Abrahamism, are a group of Semitic-originated religious communities of faith that claim descent from the practices of the ancient Israelites and the worship of the God of Abraham.

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Alan Watts

Alan Wilson Watts (6 January 1915 – 16 November 1973) was a British philosopher, writer, and speaker, best known as an interpreter and populariser of Eastern philosophy for a Western audience.

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Ann Hibner Koblitz

Ann Hibner Koblitz (born 1952) is Professor Emerita of Women and Gender Studies at Arizona State University and was a pioneer in studying the history of women in science.

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Anne Fausto-Sterling

Anne Fausto-Sterling (born July 30, 1944) is the Nancy Duke Lewis Professor of Biology and Gender Studies at Brown University.

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Anthropologist

An anthropologist is a person engaged in the practice of anthropology.

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Anti-intellectualism

Anti-intellectualism is hostility to and mistrust of intellect, intellectuals, and intellectualism commonly expressed as deprecation of education and philosophy, and the dismissal of art, literature, and science as impractical and even contemptible human pursuits.

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Antiscience

Antiscience is a position that rejects science and the scientific method.

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Authoritarianism

Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms.

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Beat reporting

Beat reporting, also known as specialized reporting, is a genre of journalism that can be described as the craft of in-depth reporting on a particular issue, sector, organization, or institution over time.

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Begging the question

Begging the question is a logical fallacy which occurs when an argument's premises assume the truth of the conclusion, instead of supporting it.

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Behavioural sciences

The term behavioral sciences encompasses the various disciplines that explores the cognitive processes within organisms and the behavioural interactions between organisms in the natural world.

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Bernard Rollin

Bernard E. Rollin (born 1943) is an American philosopher, currently professor of philosophy, animal sciences, and biomedical sciences at Colorado State University.

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Bible

The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, "the books") is a collection of sacred texts or scriptures that Jews and Christians consider to be a product of divine inspiration and a record of the relationship between God and humans.

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Biomedicine

Biomedicine (i.e. medical biology) is a branch of medical science that applies biological and physiological principles to clinical practice.

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Capitalism

Capitalism is an economic system based upon private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.

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Carolyn Merchant

Carolyn Merchant (born July 12, 1936 in Rochester, New York) is an American ecofeminist philosopher and historian of science most famous for her theory (and book of the same title) on 'The Death of Nature', whereby she identifies the Enlightenment as the period when science began to atomize, objectify and dissect nature, foretelling its eventual conception as inert.

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Christian fundamentalism

Christian fundamentalism began in the late 19th and early 20th centuries among British and American Protestants at merriam-webster.com.

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Corporation

A corporation is a company or group of people or an organisation authorized to act as a single entity (legally a person) and recognized as such in law.

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Critical theory

Critical theory is a school of thought that stresses the reflective assessment and critique of society and culture by applying knowledge from the social sciences and the humanities.

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Demarcation problem

The demarcation problem in the philosophy of science is about how to distinguish between science and non-science, including between science, pseudoscience, and other products of human activity, like art and literature, and beliefs.

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Discordianism

Discordianism is a paradigm based upon the book Principia Discordia, written by Greg Hill with Kerry Wendell Thornley in 1963, the two working under the pseudonyms Malaclypse the Younger and Omar Khayyam Ravenhurst.

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Divination

Divination (from Latin divinare "to foresee, to be inspired by a god", related to divinus, divine) is the attempt to gain insight into a question or situation by way of an occultic, standardized process or ritual.

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E. F. Schumacher

Ernst Friedrich Schumacher (19 August 1911 – 4 September 1977) was a German statistician and economist who is best known for his proposals for human-scale, decentralised and appropriate technologies.

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Education

Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits.

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Edwina Currie

Edwina Currie (née Cohen; born 13 October 1946) is a British former politician, serving as Conservative Party Member of Parliament from 1983 until 1997.

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Emily Martin (anthropologist)

Emily Martin (born 1944) is a sinologist, anthropologist, and feminist.

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Epistemological anarchism

Epistemological anarchism is an epistemological theory advanced by Austrian philosopher of science Paul Feyerabend which holds that there are no useful and exception-free methodological rules governing the progress of science or the growth of knowledge.

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Epistemology

Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge.

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Ethics

Ethics or moral philosophy is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct.

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Evelyn Fox Keller

Evelyn Fox Keller (born March 20, 1936) is an American physicist, author and feminist.

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Faith

In the context of religion, one can define faith as confidence or trust in a particular system of religious belief, within which faith may equate to confidence based on some perceived degree of warrant, in contrast to the general sense of faith being a belief without evidence.

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Fanaticism

Fanaticism (from the Latin adverb fānāticē (fren-fānāticus; enthusiastic, ecstatic; raging, fanatical, furious)) is a belief or behavior involving uncritical zeal or with an obsessive enthusiasm.

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Feminism

Feminism is a range of political movements, ideologies, and social movements that share a common goal: to define, establish, and achieve political, economic, personal, and social equality of sexes.

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God

In monotheistic thought, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and the principal object of faith.

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History

History (from Greek ἱστορία, historia, meaning "inquiry, knowledge acquired by investigation") is the study of the past as it is described in written documents.

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Human

Humans (taxonomically Homo sapiens) are the only extant members of the subtribe Hominina.

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Human fertilization

Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube.

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Humanities

Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture.

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Ideology

An Ideology is a collection of normative beliefs and values that an individual or group holds for other than purely epistemic reasons.

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Imre Lakatos

Imre Lakatos (Lakatos Imre; November 9, 1922 – February 2, 1974) was a Hungarian philosopher of mathematics and science, known for his thesis of the fallibility of mathematics and its 'methodology of proofs and refutations' in its pre-axiomatic stages of development, and also for introducing the concept of the 'research programme' in his methodology of scientific research programmes.

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Jacques Barzun

Jacques Martin Barzun (November 30, 1907October 25, 2012) was a French-American historian known for his studies of the history of ideas and cultural history.

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Knowledge

Knowledge is a familiarity, awareness, or understanding of someone or something, such as facts, information, descriptions, or skills, which is acquired through experience or education by perceiving, discovering, or learning.

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Lenore Blum

Lenore Blum (December 18, 1942, New York) is a distinguished professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon.

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Logos

Logos (lógos; from λέγω) is a term in Western philosophy, psychology, rhetoric, and religion derived from a Greek word variously meaning "ground", "plea", "opinion", "expectation", "word", "speech", "account", "reason", "proportion", and "discourse",Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott,: logos, 1889.

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Londa Schiebinger

Londa Schiebinger (shē/bing/ǝr; born May 13, 1952) is the John L. Hinds Professor of History of Science, Department of History, and by courtesy the d-school, Stanford University.

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Magic (supernatural)

Magic is a category in Western culture into which have been placed various beliefs and practices considered separate from both religion and science.

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Mass media

The mass media is a diversified collection of media technologies that reach a large audience via mass communication.

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Meaning (linguistics)

In linguistics, meaning is the information or concepts that a sender intends to convey, or does convey, in communication with a receiver.

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Medical research

Biomedical research (or experimental medicine) encompasses a wide array of research, extending from "basic research" (also called bench science or bench research), – involving fundamental scientific principles that may apply to a ''preclinical'' understanding – to clinical research, which involves studies of people who may be subjects in clinical trials.

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Metascience (research)

Metascience refers to the systematic investigation of the scientific enterprise, in other words, the use of scientific methodology to study science itself.

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Methodology

Methodology is the systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to a field of study.

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Military–industrial complex

The military–industrial complex (MIC) is an informal alliance between a nation's military and the defense industry which supplies it, seen together as a vested interest which influences public policy.

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MMR vaccine

The MMR vaccine (also known as the MPR vaccine after the Latin names of the diseases) is an immunization vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles).

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Mythology

Mythology refers variously to the collected myths of a group of people or to the study of such myths.

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Nature

Nature, in the broadest sense, is the natural, physical, or material world or universe.

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Nicholas Rescher

Nicholas Rescher (born 15 July 1928) is a German-American philosopher at the University of Pittsburgh.

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Paul Feyerabend

Paul Karl Feyerabend (January 13, 1924 – February 11, 1994) was an Austrian-born philosopher of science best known for his work as a professor of philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley, where he worked for three decades (1958–1989).

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Peter Kropotkin

Pyotr Alexeevich Kropotkin (Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин; December 9, 1842 – February 8, 1921) was a Russian activist, revolutionary, scientist and philosopher who advocated anarcho-communism.

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Philosophy

Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

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Philosophy of science

Philosophy of science is a sub-field of philosophy concerned with the foundations, methods, and implications of science.

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Politicization of science

The politicization of science is the manipulation of science for political gain.

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Polymath

A polymath (πολυμαθής,, "having learned much,"The term was first recorded in written English in the early seventeenth century Latin: uomo universalis, "universal man") is a person whose expertise spans a significant number of different subject areas—such a person is known to draw on complex bodies of knowledge to solve specific problems.

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Power (social and political)

In social science and politics, power is the ability to influence or outright control the behaviour of people.

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Power (statistics)

The power of a binary hypothesis test is the probability that the test correctly rejects the null hypothesis (H0) when a specific alternative hypothesis (H1) is true.

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Proteus phenomenon

The Proteus phenomenon is the tendency in science for early replications of a work to contradict the original findings, a consequence of publication bias.

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Pseudoscience

Pseudoscience consists of statements, beliefs, or practices that are claimed to be both scientific and factual, but are incompatible with the scientific method.

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Psychology

Psychology is the science of behavior and mind, including conscious and unconscious phenomena, as well as feeling and thought.

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Publication bias

Publication bias is a type of bias that occurs in published academic research.

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Reductionism

Reductionism is any of several related philosophical ideas regarding the associations between phenomena which can be described in terms of other simpler or more fundamental phenomena.

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Religion

Religion may be defined as a cultural system of designated behaviors and practices, world views, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental, or spiritual elements.

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Replication crisis

The replication crisis (or replicability crisis or reproducibility crisis) is a methodological crisis in science in which scholars have found that the results of many scientific studies are difficult or impossible to replicate or reproduce on subsequent investigation, either by independent researchers or by the original researchers themselves.

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Reproducibility

Reproducibility is the closeness of the agreement between the results of measurements of the same measurand carried out under changed conditions of measurement.

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Rhetoric of science

Rhetoric of science is a body of scholarly literature exploring the notion that the practice of science is a rhetorical activity.

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Robert Anton Wilson

Robert Anton Wilson (born Robert Edward Wilson; January 18, 1932 – January 11, 2007) was an American author, novelist, essayist, editor, playwright, poet, futurist, and self-described agnostic mystic.

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Ruth Hubbard

Ruth Hubbard (March 3, 1924 – September 1, 2016) was a professor of biology at Harvard University, where she was the first woman to hold a tenured professorship position in biology.

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Salmonella

Salmonella is a genus of rod-shaped (bacillus) Gram-negative bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae.

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Sandra Harding

Sandra G. Harding (born 1935) is an American philosopher of feminist and postcolonial theory, epistemology, research methodology, and philosophy of science.

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Science

R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.

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Scientific controversy

A scientific controversy is a substantial disagreement among scientists.

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Scientific dissent

Scientific dissent is dissent from scientific consensus.

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Scientific misconduct

Scientific misconduct is the violation of the standard codes of scholarly conduct and ethical behavior in the publication of professional scientific research.

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Scientific progress

Scientific progress is the idea that science increases its problem-solving ability through the application of the scientific method.

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Scientific Revolution

The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.

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Scientism

Scientism is the ideology of science.

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Sexism

Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on a person's sex or gender.

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Social science

Social science is a major category of academic disciplines, concerned with society and the relationships among individuals within a society.

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Stanley Aronowitz

Stanley Aronowitz (born January 6, 1933) is a professor of sociology, cultural studies, and urban education at the CUNY Graduate Center.

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Stephen Jay Gould

Stephen Jay Gould (September 10, 1941 – May 20, 2002) was an American paleontologist, evolutionary biologist, and historian of science.

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The arts

The arts refers to the theory and physical expression of creativity found in human societies and cultures.

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Theodor W. Adorno

Theodor W. Adorno (born Theodor Ludwig Wiesengrund; September 11, 1903 – August 6, 1969) was a German philosopher, sociologist, and composer known for his critical theory of society.

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Theosophy and science

Immediately after formation the Theosophical Society in 1875, the founders of modern Theosophy were aimed to show that their ideas can be confirmed by science.

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Tim Ingold

Timothy Ingold, FBA, FRSE (born 1 November 1948), Who's Who 2014, A & C Black, 2014; online edn, Oxford University Press, 2014 is a British anthropologist, and Chair of Social Anthropology at the University of Aberdeen.

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Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle

Time's Arrow, Time's Cycle: Myth and Metaphor in the Discovery of Geological Time is a 1987 history of geology by Stephen Jay Gould offering a historical account of the conceptualization of Deep Time and uniformitarianism using the works of Thomas Burnet, James Hutton, and Charles Lyell.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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University of Minnesota Press

The University of Minnesota Press is a university press that is part of the University of Minnesota.

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Wisdom

Wisdom or sapience is the ability to think and act using knowledge, experience, understanding, common sense, and insight, especially in a mature or utilitarian manner.

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Zoology

Zoology or animal biology is the branch of biology that studies the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct, and how they interact with their ecosystems.

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Criticism of Science, Criticisms of Science, Criticisms of science, Feminist critiques of science, Philosophical critiques of science.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_science

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