Table of Contents
599 relations: Accompaniment, Acousmatic sound, Acta Musicologica, Aesthetics, Aesthetics of music, Al-Farabi, Aleatoric music, Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten, Alfred Mann (musicologist), All-female band, Altered chord, American Federation of Musicians, Analog synthesizer, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, Ancient Greek, Angklung, Anthony D. Williams (author), Anthropology, Antonín Dvořák, Antonio Vivaldi, Aptitude, Arabic, Arabic music, Aristoxenus, Arnold Schoenberg, Art music, Artificial intelligence, Asha Bhosle, Atonality, Audio engineer, Aulos, Aurignacian, Aus den sieben Tagen, Étude, Backing track, Bagatelle (music), Bali, Balinese people, Bamboo, Bar (music), Baroque, Baroque music, Barrel organ, Basic Books, Bass drum, Bassline, Basso continuo, Beat (music), Bebop, ... Expand index (549 more) »
Accompaniment
Accompaniment is the musical part which provides the rhythmic and/or harmonic support for the melody or main themes of a song or instrumental piece.
Acousmatic sound
Acousmatic sound is sound that is heard without an originating cause being seen.
See Music and Acousmatic sound
Acta Musicologica
Acta Musicologica is the official peer-reviewed journal of the International Musicological Society (IMS), which has its headquarters in Basel, Switzerland.
See Music and Acta Musicologica
Aesthetics
Aesthetics (also spelled esthetics) is the branch of philosophy concerned with the nature of beauty and the nature of taste; and functions as the philosophy of art.
Aesthetics of music
Aesthetics of music is a branch of philosophy that deals with the nature of art, beauty and taste in music, and with the creation or appreciation of beauty in music.
See Music and Aesthetics of music
Al-Farabi
Postage stamp of the USSR, issued on the 1100th anniversary of the birth of Al-Farabi (1975) Abu Nasr Muhammad al-Farabi (Abū Naṣr Muḥammad al-Fārābī; — 14 December 950–12 January 951), known in the Latin West as Alpharabius, was an early Islamic philosopher and music theorist.
Aleatoric music
Aleatoric music (also aleatory music or chance music; from the Latin word alea, meaning "dice") is music in which some element of the composition is left to chance, and/or some primary element of a composed work's realization is left to the determination of its performer(s).
Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten
Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten (17 July 1714 – 27 MayJan Lekschas, 1762) was a German philosopher.
See Music and Alexander Gottlieb Baumgarten
Alfred Mann (musicologist)
Alfred Mann (April 28, 1917 – September 21, 2006), was an American musicologist who specialized in the history of Western musical theory.
See Music and Alfred Mann (musicologist)
All-female band
An all-female band is a musical group in popular music that is exclusively composed of female musicians.
Altered chord
An altered chord is a chord that replaces one or more notes from the diatonic scale with a neighboring pitch from the chromatic scale.
American Federation of Musicians
The American Federation of Musicians of the United States and Canada (AFM/AFofM) is a 501(c)(5) labor union representing professional instrumental musicians in the United States and Canada.
See Music and American Federation of Musicians
Analog synthesizer
An analog synthesizer (analogue synthesiser) is a synthesizer that uses analog circuits and analog signals to generate sound electronically.
See Music and Analog synthesizer
Ancient Egypt
Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeast Africa.
Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece (Hellás) was a northeastern Mediterranean civilization, existing from the Greek Dark Ages of the 12th–9th centuries BC to the end of classical antiquity, that comprised a loose collection of culturally and linguistically related city-states and other territories.
Ancient Greek
Ancient Greek (Ἑλληνῐκή) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC.
Angklung
The (Sundanese) is a musical instrument from the Sundanese in Indonesia that is made of a varying number of bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame.
Anthony D. Williams (author)
Anthony D. Williams (born 1974) is a consultant, researcher, and author.
See Music and Anthony D. Williams (author)
Anthropology
Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans.
Antonín Dvořák
Antonín Leopold Dvořák (8 September 1841 – 1 May 1904) was a Czech composer.
Antonio Vivaldi
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi (4 March 1678 – 28 July 1741) was an Italian composer, virtuoso violinist and impresario of Baroque music.
Aptitude
An aptitude is a component of a competence to do a certain kind of work at a certain level.
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
See Music and Arabic
Arabic music
Arabic music (al-mūsīqā al-ʿarabīyyah) is the music of the Arab world with all its diverse music styles and genres.
Aristoxenus
Aristoxenus of Tarentum (Ἀριστόξενος; born 375, fl. 335 BC) was a Greek Peripatetic philosopher, and a pupil of Aristotle.
Arnold Schoenberg
Arnold Schoenberg or Schönberg (13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian and American composer, music theorist, teacher and writer.
See Music and Arnold Schoenberg
Art music
Art music (alternatively called classical music, cultivated music, serious music, and canonic music) is music considered to be of high phonoaesthetic value.
Artificial intelligence
Artificial intelligence (AI), in its broadest sense, is intelligence exhibited by machines, particularly computer systems.
See Music and Artificial intelligence
Asha Bhosle
Asha Bhosle (born 8 September 1933) is an Indian playback singer, entrepreneur, actress and television personality who predominantly works in Indian cinema.
Atonality
Atonality in its broadest sense is music that lacks a tonal center, or key.
Audio engineer
An audio engineer (also known as a sound engineer or recording engineer) helps to produce a recording or a live performance, balancing and adjusting sound sources using equalization, dynamics processing and audio effects, mixing, reproduction, and reinforcement of sound.
Aulos
An aulos (plural auloi; αὐλός, plural αὐλοί) or tibia (Latin) was a wind instrument in ancient Greece, often depicted in art and also attested by archaeology.
See Music and Aulos
Aurignacian
The Aurignacian is an archaeological industry of the Upper Paleolithic associated with Early European modern humans (EEMH) lasting from 43,000 to 26,000 years ago.
Aus den sieben Tagen
Aus den sieben Tagen (From the Seven Days) is a collection of 15 text compositions by Karlheinz Stockhausen, composed in May 1968, in reaction to a personal crisis, and characterized as "Intuitive music"—music produced primarily from the intuition rather than the intellect of the performer(s).
See Music and Aus den sieben Tagen
Étude
An étude or study is an instrumental musical composition, usually short, designed to provide practice material for perfecting a particular musical skill.
See Music and Étude
Backing track
A backing track is an audio recording on audiotape, CD or a digital recording medium or a MIDI recording of synthesized instruments, sometimes of purely rhythmic accompaniment, often of a rhythm section or other accompaniment parts that live musicians play along with or sing along to.
Bagatelle (music)
A bagatelle is a short piece of music, typically for the piano, and usually of a light, mellow character.
See Music and Bagatelle (music)
Bali
Bali (English:; ᬩᬮᬶ) is a province of Indonesia and the westernmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands.
See Music and Bali
Balinese people
The Balinese people (Suku Bali; Ânak Bali) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Bali.
Bamboo
Bamboos are a diverse group of mostly evergreen perennial flowering plants making up the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae.
See Music and Bamboo
Bar (music)
In musical notation, a bar (or measure) is a segment of music bounded by vertical lines, known as bar lines (or barlines), usually indicating one of more recurring beats. The length of the bar, measured by the number of note values it contains, is normally indicated by the time signature.
Baroque
The Baroque is a Western style of architecture, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry, and other arts that flourished from the early 17th century until the 1750s.
Baroque music
Baroque music refers to the period or dominant style of Western classical music composed from about 1600 to 1750.
Barrel organ
A barrel organ (also called roller organ or crank organ) is a French mechanical musical instrument consisting of bellows and one or more ranks of pipes housed in a case, usually of wood, and often highly decorated.
Basic Books
Basic Books is a book publisher founded in 1950 and located in New York City, now an imprint of Hachette Book Group.
Bass drum
The bass drum is a large drum that produces a note of low definite or indefinite pitch.
Bassline
Bassline (also known as a bass line or bass part) is the term used in many styles of music, such as blues, jazz, funk, dub and electronic, traditional, and classical music, for the low-pitched instrumental part or line played (in jazz and some forms of popular music) by a rhythm section instrument such as the electric bass, double bass, cello, tuba or keyboard (piano, Hammond organ, electric organ, or synthesizer).
Basso continuo
Basso continuo parts, almost universal in the Baroque era (1600–1750), provided the harmonic structure of the music by supplying a bassline and a chord progression.
Beat (music)
In music and music theory, the beat is the basic unit of time, the pulse (regularly repeating event), of the mensural level (or beat level).
Bebop
Bebop or bop is a style of jazz developed in the early to mid-1940s in the United States.
See Music and Bebop
Bedroom production
A bedroom producer is an amateur musician who creates, performs, and records their music independently using a home studio, often considered a hobbyist opposed to a professional record producer in the recording industry that works in a traditional studio with clients.
See Music and Bedroom production
Behavior
Behavior (American English) or behaviour (British English) is the range of actions and mannerisms made by individuals, organisms, systems or artificial entities in some environment.
Berklee College of Music
The Berklee College of Music is a private music college in Boston, Massachusetts.
See Music and Berklee College of Music
Big band
A big band or jazz orchestra is a type of musical ensemble of jazz music that usually consists of ten or more musicians with four sections: saxophones, trumpets, trombones, and a rhythm section.
Bird vocalization
Bird vocalization includes both bird calls and bird songs.
See Music and Bird vocalization
Bird wing
Bird wings are a paired forelimb in birds.
Blue note
In jazz and blues, a blue note is a note that—for expressive purposes—is sung or played at a slightly different pitch from standard.
Bluegrass music
Bluegrass music is a genre of American roots music that developed in the 1940s in the Appalachian region of the United States.
Blues
Blues is a music genre and musical form that originated amongst African-Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the 1860s.
See Music and Blues
Bootleg recording
A bootleg recording is an audio or video recording of a performance not officially released by the artist or under other legal authority.
See Music and Bootleg recording
Brass instrument
A brass instrument is a musical instrument that produces sound by sympathetic vibration of air in a tubular resonator in sympathy with the vibration of the player's lips.
See Music and Brass instrument
British Journal of Psychiatry
The British Journal of Psychiatry is a peer-reviewed medical journal covering all branches of psychiatry with a particular emphasis on the clinical aspects of each topic.
See Music and British Journal of Psychiatry
Broadway theatre
Broadway theatre,Although theater is generally the spelling for this common noun in the United States (see American and British English spelling differences), many of the extant or closed Broadway venues use or used the spelling Theatre as the proper noun in their names.
See Music and Broadway theatre
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages.
See Music and Byzantine Empire
Cadence
In Western musical theory, a cadence is the end of a phrase in which the melody or harmony creates a sense of full or partial resolution, especially in music of the 16th century onwards.Don Michael Randel (1999). The Harvard Concise Dictionary of Music and Musicians, pp. 105-106.. A harmonic cadence is a progression of two or more chords that concludes a phrase, section, or piece of music.
Cadenza
In music, a cadenza, (from cadenza, meaning cadence; plural, cadenze) is, generically, an improvised or written-out ornamental passage played or sung by a soloist(s), usually in a "free" rhythmic style, and often allowing virtuosic display.
Canon (music)
In music, a canon is a contrapuntal (counterpoint-based) compositional technique that employs a melody with one or more imitations of the melody played after a given duration (e.g., quarter rest, one measure, etc.). The initial melody is called the leader (or dux), while the imitative melody, which is played in a different voice, is called the follower (or comes).
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach (8 March 1714 – 14 December 1788), also formerly spelled Karl Philipp Emmanuel Bach, and commonly abbreviated C. P. E. Bach, was a German Classical period composer and musician, the fifth child and second surviving son of Johann Sebastian Bach and Maria Barbara Bach.
See Music and Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Carl Van Vechten
Carl Van Vechten (June 17, 1880December 21, 1964) was an American writer and artistic photographer who was a patron of the Harlem Renaissance and the literary executor of Gertrude Stein.
See Music and Carl Van Vechten
Carnatic music
Carnatic music, known as or in the South Indian languages, is a system of music commonly associated with South India, including the modern Indian states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana.
Cassette deck
A cassette deck is a type of tape machine for playing and recording audio cassettes that does not have a built-in power amplifier or speakers, and serves primarily as a transport.
Catgut
Catgut (also known as gut) is a type of cord that is prepared from the natural fiber found in the walls of animal intestines.
See Music and Catgut
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
Cave bear
The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) is a prehistoric species of bear that lived in Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene and became extinct about 24,000 years ago during the Last Glacial Maximum.
Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura
The Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura are a collection of six caves in southern Germany which were used by Ice Age humans for shelter about 33,000 to 43,000 years ago.
See Music and Caves and Ice Age Art in the Swabian Jura
CBC Music
CBC Music (formerly known as CBC FM, CBC Stereo and CBC Radio 2) is a Canadian FM radio network operated by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
CD player
A CD player is an electronic device that plays audio compact discs, which are a digital optical disc data storage format.
Cello Suites (Bach)
The six Cello Suites, BWV 1007–1012, are suites for unaccompanied cello by Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750).
See Music and Cello Suites (Bach)
Chamber music
Chamber music is a form of classical music that is composed for a small group of instruments—traditionally a group that could fit in a palace chamber or a large room.
Charles Darwin
Charles Robert Darwin (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology.
Chinese language
Chinese is a group of languages spoken natively by the ethnic Han Chinese majority and many minority ethnic groups in China.
See Music and Chinese language
Chinese opera
Traditional Chinese opera, or Xiqu, is a form of musical theatre in China with roots going back to the early periods in China.
Choir
A choir (also known as a chorale or chorus) is a musical ensemble of singers.
See Music and Choir
Chord (music)
In music, a chord is a group of two or more notes played simultaneously, typically consisting of a root note, a third, and a fifth.
Chord progression
In a musical composition, a chord progression or harmonic progression (informally chord changes, used as a plural) is a succession of chords.
See Music and Chord progression
Christoph Willibald Gluck
Christoph Willibald (Ritter von) Gluck (2 July 1714 – 15 November 1787) was a composer of Italian and French opera in the early classical period.
See Music and Christoph Willibald Gluck
Chromatic scale
The chromatic scale (or twelve-tone scale) is a set of twelve pitches (more completely, pitch classes) used in tonal music, with notes separated by the interval of a semitone.
Chromaticism
Chromaticism is a compositional technique interspersing the primary diatonic pitches and chords with other pitches of the chromatic scale.
Church music
Church music is Christian music written for performance in church, or any musical setting of ecclesiastical liturgy, or music set to words expressing propositions of a sacred nature, such as a hymn.
Cilappatikaram
Cilappatikāram (சிலப்பதிகாரம், ചിലപ്പതികാരം, IPA: ʧiləppət̪ikɑːrəm, lit. "the Tale of an Anklet"), also referred to as Silappathikaram or Silappatikaram, is the earliest Tamil epic.
Clara Schumann
Clara Josephine Schumann (née Wieck; 13 September 1819 – 20 May 1896) was a German pianist, composer, and piano teacher.
Classical music
Classical music generally refers to the art music of the Western world, considered to be distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions.
Classical period (music)
The Classical Period was an era of classical music between roughly 1750 and 1820.
See Music and Classical period (music)
Clavichord
The clavichord is a stringed rectangular keyboard instrument that was used largely in the Late Middle Ages, through the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical eras.
Clay tablet
In the Ancient Near East, clay tablets (Akkadian 𒁾) were used as a writing medium, especially for writing in cuneiform, throughout the Bronze Age and well into the Iron Age.
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is the scientific field that is concerned with the study of the biological processes and aspects that underlie cognition, with a specific focus on the neural connections in the brain which are involved in mental processes.
See Music and Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive science
Cognitive science is the interdisciplinary, scientific study of the mind and its processes.
See Music and Cognitive science
Common practice period
In European art music, the common practice period was the period of about 250 years during which the tonal system was regarded as the only basis for composition.
See Music and Common practice period
Computer keyboard
A computer keyboard is a peripheral input device modeled after the typewriter keyboard which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches.
See Music and Computer keyboard
Computer monitor
A computer monitor is an output device that displays information in pictorial or textual form.
See Music and Computer monitor
Computer simulation
Computer simulation is the process of mathematical modelling, performed on a computer, which is designed to predict the behaviour of, or the outcome of, a real-world or physical system.
See Music and Computer simulation
Concert band
A concert band, also called a wind band, wind ensemble, wind symphony, wind orchestra, symphonic band, the symphonic winds, or symphonic wind ensemble, is a performing ensemble consisting of members of the woodwind, brass, and percussion families of instruments, and occasionally including the harp, double bass, or bass guitar.
Concerto
A concerto (plural concertos, or concerti from the Italian plural) is, from the late Baroque era, mostly understood as an instrumental composition, written for one or more soloists accompanied by an orchestra or other ensemble.
Conducting
Conducting is the art of directing a musical performance, such as an orchestral or choral concert.
Confucius
Confucius (孔子; pinyin), born Kong Qiu (孔丘), was a Chinese philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period who is traditionally considered the paragon of Chinese sages, as well as the first teacher in China to advocate for mass education.
Consonance and dissonance
In music, consonance and dissonance are categorizations of simultaneous or successive sounds.
See Music and Consonance and dissonance
Contemporary commercial music
Contemporary commercial music or CCM is a term used by some vocal pedagogists in the United States to refer to non-classical music.
See Music and Contemporary commercial music
Cosmology
Cosmology is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe, the cosmos.
Counterpoint
In music, counterpoint is a method of composition in which two or more musical lines (or voices) are simultaneously played which are harmonically correlated yet independent in rhythm and melodic contour.
Counting
Counting is the process of determining the number of elements of a finite set of objects; that is, determining the size of a set.
Country music
Country (also called country and western) is a music genre originating in the southern regions of the United States, both the American South and the Southwest.
Course credit
A course credit is a measure of the size of an educational course, often used to determine whether the requirements for an award have been met, to facilitate transfer between institutions, or to enhance intercomparability of qualifications.
Courtly love
Courtly love (fin'amor; amour courtois) was a medieval European literary conception of love that emphasized nobility and chivalry.
Cover band
A cover band (or covers band) is a band that plays songs recorded by someone else, sometimes mimicking the original as accurately as possible, and sometimes re-interpreting or changing the original.
Cover version
In popular music, a cover version, cover song, remake, revival, or simply cover is a new performance or recording by a musician other than the original performer or composer of the song.
Crash cymbal
A crash cymbal is a type of cymbal that produces a loud, sharp "crash" and is used mainly for occasional accents, as opposed to a ride cymbal.
Creativity
Creativity is the ability to form novel and valuable ideas or works using the imagination.
Cro-Magnon
Cro-Magnons or European early modern humans (EEMH) were the first early modern humans (Homo sapiens) to settle in Europe, migrating from western Asia, continuously occupying the continent possibly from as early as 56,800 years ago.
Cultural Revolution
The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in the People's Republic of China (PRC).
See Music and Cultural Revolution
Cultural universal
A cultural universal (also called an anthropological universal or human universal) is an element, pattern, trait, or institution that is common to all known human cultures worldwide.
See Music and Cultural universal
Cymbal
A cymbal is a common percussion instrument.
See Music and Cymbal
Definition of music
A definition of music endeavors to give an accurate and concise explanation of music's basic attributes or essential nature and it involves a process of defining what is meant by the term music.
See Music and Definition of music
Deity
A deity or god is a supernatural being considered to be sacred and worthy of worship due to having authority over the universe, nature or human life.
See Music and Deity
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), also known as the DR Congo, Congo-Kinshasa, Congo-Zaire, or simply either Congo or the Congo, is a country in Central Africa.
See Music and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Dhikr
(ذِكْر) is a form of Islamic worship in which phrases or prayers are repeatedly recited for the purpose of remembering God.
See Music and Dhikr
Dhrupad
Dhrupad is a genre in Hindustani classical music from the Indian subcontinent.
Diatonic and chromatic
Diatonic and chromatic are terms in music theory that are used to characterize scales.
See Music and Diatonic and chromatic
Die Walküre
(The Valkyrie), WWV 86B, is the second of the four epic music dramas that constitute Richard Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen (English: The Ring of the Nibelung).
Digital audio
Digital audio is a representation of sound recorded in, or converted into, digital form.
Digital audio workstation
A digital audio workstation (DAW) is an electronic device or application software used for recording, editing and producing audio files.
See Music and Digital audio workstation
Disc jockey
A disc jockey, more commonly abbreviated as DJ, is a person who plays recorded music for an audience.
Distortion (music)
Distortion and overdrive are forms of audio signal processing used to alter the sound of amplified electric musical instruments, usually by increasing their gain, producing a "fuzzy", "growling", or "gritty" tone.
See Music and Distortion (music)
Divertimento
Divertimento (from the Italian divertire "to amuse") is a musical genre, with most of its examples from the 18th century.
Divinity
Divinity or the divine are things that are either related to, devoted to, or proceeding from a deity.
Divje Babe flute
The Divje Babe flute, also called tidldibab, is a cave bear femur pierced by spaced holes that was unearthed in 1995 during systematic archaeological excavations led by the Institute of Archaeology of the Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, at the Divje Babe I near Cerkno in northwestern Slovenia.
See Music and Divje Babe flute
DJ mixer
A DJ mixer is a type of audio mixing console used by disc jockeys (DJs) to control and manipulate multiple audio signals.
Don Tapscott
Don Tapscott (born June 1, 1947) is a Canadian business executive, author, consultant and speaker, who specializes in business strategy, organizational transformation and the role of technology in business and society.
Double clarinet
The term double clarinet refers to any of several woodwind instruments consisting of two parallel pipes made of cane, bird bone, or metal, played simultaneously, with a single reed for each.
Drum machine
A drum machine is an electronic musical instrument that creates percussion sounds, drum beats, and patterns.
Duke University
Duke University is a private research university in Durham, North Carolina, United States.
Duration (music)
In music, duration is an amount of time or how long or short a note, phrase, section, or composition lasts.
See Music and Duration (music)
Dynamic tonality
Dynamic tonality is a paradigm for tuning and timbre which generalizes the special relationship between just intonation, and the harmonic series to apply to a wider set of pseudo-just tunings and related pseudo-harmonic timbres.
See Music and Dynamic tonality
East Asia
East Asia is a geographical and cultural region of Asia including the countries of China, Japan, Mongolia, North Korea, South Korea, and Taiwan.
Eduard Hanslick
Eduard Hanslick (11 September 18256 August 1904) was an Austrian music critic, aesthetician and historian.
Edwardian musical comedy
Edwardian musical comedy is a genre of British musical theatre that thrived from 1892 into the 1920s, extending beyond the reign of King Edward VII in both directions.
See Music and Edwardian musical comedy
Effects unit
An effects unit, effects processor, or effects pedal is an electronic device that alters the sound of a musical instrument or other audio source through audio signal processing.
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
See Music and Egypt
Electric piano
An electric piano is a musical instrument that has a piano-style musical keyboard, where sound is produced by means of mechanical hammers striking metal strings or reeds or wire tines, which leads to vibrations which are then converted into electrical signals by pickups (either magnetic, electrostatic, or piezoelectric).
Electroencephalography
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a method to record an electrogram of the spontaneous electrical activity of the brain.
See Music and Electroencephalography
Electronic dance music
Electronic dance music (EDM), also referred to as club music, is a broad range of percussive electronic music genres originally made for nightclubs, raves, and festivals.
See Music and Electronic dance music
Electronica
Electronica is both a broad group of electronic-based music styles intended for listening rather than strictly for dancing and a music scene that came to prominence in the early 1990s in the United Kingdom.
Elementa harmonica
Elementa harmonica is a treatise on the subject of musical scales by Aristoxenus, of which considerable amounts are extant.
See Music and Elementa harmonica
Elements of music
Music can be analysed by considering a variety of its elements, or parts (aspects, characteristics, features), individually or together.
See Music and Elements of music
Embouchure
Embouchure or lipping is the use of the lips, facial muscles, tongue, and teeth in playing a wind instrument.
Emotion
Emotions are physical and mental states brought on by neurophysiological changes, variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and a degree of pleasure or displeasure.
Empirical research
Empirical research is research using empirical evidence.
See Music and Empirical research
Encyclopædia Britannica
The British Encyclopaedia is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia.
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Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. is the company known for publishing the Encyclopædia Britannica, the world's oldest continuously published encyclopaedia.
See Music and Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
English folk music
The folk music of England is a tradition-based music which has existed since the later medieval period.
See Music and English folk music
Entertainment
Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of an audience or gives pleasure and delight. Music and Entertainment are performing arts.
Envelope (waves)
In physics and engineering, the envelope of an oscillating signal is a smooth curve outlining its extremes.
See Music and Envelope (waves)
Equalization (audio)
Equalization, or simply EQ, in sound recording and reproduction is the process of adjusting the volume of different frequency bands within an audio signal.
See Music and Equalization (audio)
Ethnicity
An ethnicity or ethnic group is a group of people who identify with each other on the basis of perceived shared attributes that distinguish them from other groups.
Ethnomusicology
Ethnomusicology (from Greek ἔθνος ethnos ‘nation’ and μουσική mousike ‘music’) is the multidisciplinary study of music in its cultural context, investigating social, cognitive, biological, comparative, and other dimensions involved other than sound. Ethnomusicologists study music as a reflection of culture and investigate the act of musicking through various immersive, observational, and analytical approaches drawn from other disciplines such as anthropology to understand a culture’s music.
Evolution
Evolution is the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.
Evolutionary linguistics
Evolutionary linguistics or Darwinian linguistics is a sociobiological approach to the study of language.
See Music and Evolutionary linguistics
Ewe drumming
Ewe drumming refers to the drumming ensembles of the Ewe people of Ghana, Togo, and Benin.
Exercise and music
The interplay of exercise and music has long been discussed, crossing the disciplines of biomechanics, neurology, physiology, and sport psychology.
See Music and Exercise and music
Experience
Experience refers to conscious events in general, more specifically to perceptions, or to the practical knowledge and familiarity that is produced by these processes.
Extended chord
In music, extended chords are certain chords (built from thirds) or triads with notes extended, or added, beyond the seventh.
Extreme metal
Extreme metal is a loosely defined umbrella term for a number of related heavy metal music subgenres that have developed since the early 1980s. It has been defined as a "cluster of metal subgenres characterized by sonic, verbal, and visual transgression". The term usually refers to a more abrasive, harsher, underground, non-commercialized style associated with the speed metal, thrash metal, black metal, death metal, and doom metal genres.K.
Fantasia (musical form)
A fantasia (also English: fantasy, fancy, fantazy, phantasy, Fantasie, Phantasie, fantaisie) is a musical composition with roots in improvisation.
See Music and Fantasia (musical form)
Femur
The femur (femurs or femora), or thigh bone is the only bone in the thigh.
See Music and Femur
Fermata
A fermata ("from fermare, to stay, or stop"; also known as a hold, pause, colloquially a birdseye or cyclops eye, or as a grand pause when placed on a note or a rest) is a symbol of musical notation indicating that the note should be prolonged beyond the normal duration its note value would indicate.
Festival
A festival is an event celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect or aspects of that community and its religion or cultures.
Fiddle
A fiddle is a bowed string musical instrument, most often a violin.
See Music and Fiddle
Figured bass
Figured bass is musical notation in which numerals and symbols appear above or below (or next to) a bass note.
Filmmaking
Filmmaking or film production is the process by which a motion picture is produced.
Flute
The flute is a member of a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group.
See Music and Flute
Folk music
Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival.
Fortepiano
A fortepiano, sometimes referred to as a pianoforte, is an early piano.
François-Bernard Mâche
François-Bernard Mâche (born 4 April 1935, Clermont-Ferrand) is a French composer of contemporary music.
See Music and François-Bernard Mâche
Franz Schubert
Franz Peter Schubert (31 January 179719 November 1828) was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic eras.
Free jazz
Free jazz, or Free Form in the early to mid-1970s, is a style of avant-garde jazz or an experimental approach to jazz improvisation that developed in the late 1950s and early 1960s, when musicians attempted to change or break down jazz conventions, such as regular tempos, tones, and chord changes.
Fugue
In classical music, a fugue is a contrapuntal, polyphonic compositional technique in two or more voices, built on a subject (a musical theme) that is introduced at the beginning in imitation (repetition at different pitches), which recurs frequently throughout the course of the composition.
See Music and Fugue
Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Functional magnetic resonance imaging or functional MRI (fMRI) measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow.
See Music and Functional magnetic resonance imaging
Gamelan
Gamelan (ꦒꦩꦼꦭꦤ꧀, ᮌᮙᮨᮜᮔ᮪, ᬕᬫᭂᬮᬦ᭄) is the traditional ensemble music of the Javanese, Sundanese, and Balinese peoples of Indonesia, made up predominantly of percussive instruments.
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music
The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music is an academic reference work.
See Music and Garland Encyclopedia of World Music
Geissenklösterle
Geissenklösterle (Geißenklösterle) is an archaeological site of significance for the central European Upper Paleolithic, located near the town of Blaubeuren in the Swabian Jura in Baden-Württemberg, southern Germany.
See Music and Geissenklösterle
Georg Philipp Telemann
Georg Philipp Telemann (– 25 June 1767) was a German Baroque composer and multi-instrumentalist.
See Music and Georg Philipp Telemann
George Frideric Handel
George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel (baptised italic,; 23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer well known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concertos.
See Music and George Frideric Handel
George Gershwin
George Gershwin (born Jacob Gershwine; September 26, 1898 – July 11, 1937) was an American composer and pianist whose compositions spanned popular, jazz and classical genres.
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (between 3 February 1525 and 2 February 1526 – 2 February 1594) was an Italian composer of late Renaissance music.
See Music and Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Glenn Branca
Glenn Branca (October 6, 1948 – May 13, 2018) was an American avant-garde composer, guitarist, and luthier.
Globalization
Globalization, or globalisation (Commonwealth English; see spelling differences), is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.
Glossary of music terminology
A variety of musical terms are encountered in printed scores, music reviews, and program notes.
See Music and Glossary of music terminology
Gong
A gongFrom Indonesian and gong; ꦒꦺꦴꦁ gong; p; どら|dora; គង kong; ฆ้อง khong; cồng chiêng; কাঁহ kãh is a percussion instrument originating in East Asia and Southeast Asia.
See Music and Gong
Gong chime
A gong chime is a generic term for a set of small, high-pitched bossed pot gongs.
Grammatical gender
In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns.
See Music and Grammatical gender
Graphic notation (music)
Graphic notation (or graphic score) is the representation of music through the use of visual symbols outside the realm of traditional music notation.
See Music and Graphic notation (music)
Greek mythology
Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology.
Gregorian chant
Gregorian chant is the central tradition of Western plainchant, a form of monophonic, unaccompanied sacred song in Latin (and occasionally Greek) of the Roman Catholic Church.
Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut (also Machau and Machault; – April 1377) was a French composer and poet who was the central figure of the ars nova style in late medieval music.
See Music and Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume Du Fay
Guillaume Du Fay (also Dufay, Du Fayt; 5 August 1397(?) – 27 November 1474) was a composer and music theorist of early Renaissance music, who is variously described as French or Franco-Flemish.
See Music and Guillaume Du Fay
Guitar solo
A guitar solo is a melodic passage, instrumental section, or entire piece of music, pre-written (or improvised) to be played on a classical, electric, or acoustic guitar.
Gustav Mahler
Gustav Mahler (7 July 1860 – 18 May 1911) was an Austro-Bohemian Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his generation.
Hammond organ
The Hammond organ is an electric organ invented by Laurens Hammond and John M. Hanert and first manufactured in 1935.
Harappa
Harappa is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about west of Sahiwal.
Harmony
In music, harmony is the concept of combining different sounds together in order to create new, distinct musical ideas. Music and harmony are sound.
Harp
The harp is a stringed musical instrument that has individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard; the strings are plucked with the fingers.
See Music and Harp
Harpsichord
A harpsichord (clavicembalo, clavecin, Cembalo; clavecín, cravo, клавеси́н (tr. klavesín or klavesin), klavecimbel, klawesyn) is a musical instrument played by means of a keyboard.
Harry Partch
Harry Partch (June 24, 1901 – September 3, 1974) was an American composer, music theorist, and creator of unique musical instruments.
Harvard University Press
Harvard University Press (HUP) is a publishing house established on January 13, 1913, as a division of Harvard University, and focused on academic publishing.
See Music and Harvard University Press
Heavy metal music
Heavy metal (or simply metal) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and United States.
See Music and Heavy metal music
Hesiod
Hesiod (or; Ἡσίοδος Hēsíodos) was an ancient Greek poet generally thought to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer.
See Music and Hesiod
Heterophony
In music, heterophony is a type of texture characterized by the simultaneous variation of a single melodic line.
High culture
In a society, high culture encompasses cultural objects of aesthetic value, which a society collectively esteems as being exemplary works of art, and the intellectual works of literature and music, history and philosophy, which a society considers representative of their culture.
Hindustani classical music
Hindustani classical music is the classical music of the Indian subcontinent's northern regions.
See Music and Hindustani classical music
Hip hop music
Hip hop or hip-hop, also known as rap and formerly as disco rap, is a genre of popular music that originated in the early 1970s from the African American community.
Historically informed performance
Historically informed performance (also referred to as period performance, authentic performance, or HIP) is an approach to the performance of classical music which aims to be faithful to the approach, manner and style of the musical era in which a work was originally conceived.
See Music and Historically informed performance
History of music
Although definitions of music vary wildly throughout the world, every known culture partakes in it, and it is thus considered a cultural universal.
See Music and History of music
Hohle Fels
The Hohle Fels (also Hohlefels, Hohler Fels, German for "hollow rock") is a cave in the Swabian Jura of Germany that has yielded a number of important archaeological finds dating from the Upper Paleolithic.
Homer
Homer (Ὅμηρος,; born) was a Greek poet who is credited as the author of the Iliad and the Odyssey, two epic poems that are foundational works of ancient Greek literature.
See Music and Homer
Homophony
In music, homophony (Greek: ὁμόφωνος, homóphōnos, from ὁμός, homós, "same" and φωνή, phōnē, "sound, tone") is a texture in which a primary part is supported by one or more additional strands that provide the harmony.
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH) is an American publisher of textbooks, instructional technology materials, assessments, and reference works.
See Music and Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
Human subject research
Human subject research is systematic, scientific investigation that can be either interventional (a "trial") or observational (no "test article") and involves human beings as research subjects, commonly known as test subjects.
See Music and Human subject research
Human voice
The human voice consists of sound made by a human being using the vocal tract, including talking, singing, laughing, crying, screaming, shouting, humming or yelling.
Humanities
Humanities are academic disciplines that study aspects of human society and culture, including certain fundamental questions asked by humans.
Humber College
The Humber College Institute of Technology & Advanced Learning, commonly known as Humber College, is a public College of Applied Arts and Technology in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Hurrian songs
The Hurrian songs are a collection of music inscribed in cuneiform on clay tablets excavated from the ancient AmoriteDennis Pardee, "Ugaritic", in, edited by Roger D. Woodard, 5–6.
Hymn
A hymn is a type of song, and partially synonymous with devotional song, specifically written for the purpose of adoration or prayer, and typically addressed to a deity or deities, or to a prominent figure or personification.
See Music and Hymn
Igor Stravinsky
Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (– 6 April 1971) was a Russian composer and conductor with French citizenship (from 1934) and American citizenship (from 1945).
Immanuel Kant
Immanuel Kant (born Emanuel Kant; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher and one of the central Enlightenment thinkers.
Imperial College London
Imperial College London (Imperial) is a public research university in London, England.
See Music and Imperial College London
Impromptu
An impromptu (loosely meaning "offhand") is a free-form musical composition with the character of an ex tempore improvisation as if prompted by the spirit of the moment, usually for a solo instrument, such as piano.
Improvisation
Improvisation, often shortened to improv, is the activity of making or doing something not planned beforehand, using whatever can be found.
Indian classical music
Indian Classical Music is the classical music of the Indian Subcontinent.
See Music and Indian classical music
Indigenous languages of the Americas
The Indigenous languages of the Americas are a diverse group of languages that originated in the Americas prior to colonization, many of which continue to be spoken.
See Music and Indigenous languages of the Americas
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans.
Indonesia Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta
The Indonesia Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta (Institut Seni Indonesia Yogyakarta, ISI Yogyakarta) is a state-owned college in Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
See Music and Indonesia Institute of the Arts Yogyakarta
Indonesian archipelago
The Indonesian archipelago (Kepulauan Indonesia) is a vast and diverse collection of over 17,000 to 18,000 islands located between the Indian and Pacific Oceans in Southeast Asia and Oceania.
See Music and Indonesian archipelago
Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), also known as the Indus Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation in the northwestern regions of South Asia, lasting from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE, and in its mature form from 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE.
See Music and Indus Valley Civilisation
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution, sometimes divided into the First Industrial Revolution and Second Industrial Revolution, was a period of global transition of the human economy towards more widespread, efficient and stable manufacturing processes that succeeded the Agricultural Revolution.
See Music and Industrial Revolution
Instrumental
An instrumental or instrumental song is music normally without any vocals, although it might include some inarticulate vocals, such as shouted backup vocals in a big band setting.
Intellect
In the study of the human mind, intellect is the ability of the human mind to reach correct conclusions about what is true and what is false in reality; and includes capacities such as reasoning, conceiving, judging, and relating.
Intelligence
Intelligence has been defined in many ways: the capacity for abstraction, logic, understanding, self-awareness, learning, emotional knowledge, reasoning, planning, creativity, critical thinking, and problem-solving.
Invention (musical composition)
In music, an invention is a short composition (usually for a keyboard instrument) in two-part counterpoint.
See Music and Invention (musical composition)
Isomorphic keyboard
An isomorphic keyboard is a musical input device consisting of a two-dimensional grid of note-controlling elements (such as buttons or keys) on which any given sequence and/or combination of musical intervals has the "same shape" on the keyboard wherever it occurs – within a key, across keys, across octaves, and across tunings.
See Music and Isomorphic keyboard
Ivory
Ivory is a hard, white material from the tusks (traditionally from elephants) and teeth of animals, that consists mainly of dentine, one of the physical structures of teeth and tusks.
See Music and Ivory
J. H. Kwabena Nketia
Joseph Hanson Kwabena Nketia (22 June 1921 – 13 March 2019) was a Ghanaian ethnomusicologist and composer.
See Music and J. H. Kwabena Nketia
Jam band
A jam band is a musical group whose concerts and live albums substantially feature improvisational "jamming." Typically, jam bands will play variations of pre-existing songs, extending them to improvise over chord patterns or rhythmic grooves.
Jam session
A jam session is a relatively informal musical event, process, or activity where musicians, typically instrumentalists, play improvised solos and vamp over tunes, drones, songs, and chord progressions.
Javanese people
The Javanese (Orang Jawa; ꦮꦺꦴꦁꦗꦮ, Wong Jawa; ꦠꦶꦪꦁꦗꦮꦶ, Tiyang Jawi) are an Austronesian ethnic group native to the central and eastern part of the Indonesian island of Java.
Jazz
Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues, ragtime, European harmony and African rhythmic rituals.
See Music and Jazz
Jazz fusion
Jazz fusion (also known as fusion, jazz rock, and jazz-rock fusion) is a popular music genre that developed in the late 1960s when musicians combined jazz harmony and improvisation with rock music, funk, and rhythm and blues.
Jerrold Levinson
Jerrold Levinson (born 11 July 1948 in Brooklyn) is distinguished university professor of philosophy at the University of Maryland, College Park.
See Music and Jerrold Levinson
Johann Christian Bach
Johann Christian Bach (5 September 1735 – 1 January 1782) was a German composer of the Classical era, the youngest son of Johann Sebastian Bach.
See Music and Johann Christian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach
Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period.
See Music and Johann Sebastian Bach
Johannes Brahms
Johannes Brahms (7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, virtuoso pianist, and conductor of the mid-Romantic period.
John Cage
John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 – August 12, 1992) was an American composer and music theorist.
Joseph Haydn
Franz Joseph Haydn (31 March 173231 May 1809) was an Austrian composer of the Classical period.
Josquin des Prez
Josquin Lebloitte dit des Prez (– 27 August 1521) was a composer of High Renaissance music, who is variously described as French or Franco-Flemish.
See Music and Josquin des Prez
Jouissance
In continental philosophy and psychoanalysis, jouissance is the transgression of a subject's regulation of pleasure.
Just intonation
In music, just intonation or pure intonation is the tuning of musical intervals as whole number ratios (such as 3:2 or 4:3) of frequencies.
Karaoke
Karaoke (カラオケ, clipped compound of Japanese kara 空 "empty" and ōkesutora オーケストラ "orchestra") is a type of interactive entertainment system usually offered in clubs and bars, where people sing along to pre-recorded accompaniment using a microphone.
Kelsey Museum of Archaeology
The Kelsey Museum of Archaeology is a museum of archaeology located on the University of Michigan central campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in the United States.
See Music and Kelsey Museum of Archaeology
Kendang
A kendang or gendang (translit, translit, translit, Tausug/Bajau/Maranao: gandang, Bugis: gendrang and Makassar: gandrang or ganrang) is a two-headed drum used by people from the Indonesian Archipelago.
Key (music)
In music theory, the key of a piece is the group of pitches, or scale, that forms the basis of a musical composition in Western classical music, art music, and pop music.
Keyboard bass
Keyboard bass (shortened to keybass and sometimes referred as a synth bass) is the use of a smaller, low-pitched keyboard with fewer notes than a regular keyboard or pedal keyboard to substitute for the deep notes of a bass guitar or double bass in music.
Keyboard instrument
A keyboard instrument is a musical instrument played using a keyboard, a row of levers that are pressed by the fingers.
See Music and Keyboard instrument
Kithara
The kithara, or Latinized cithara (κιθάρα |translit.
Kyle Gann
Kyle Eugene Gann (born November 21, 1955, in Dallas, Texas) is an American composer, professor of music, critic, analyst, and musicologist who has worked primarily in the New York City area.
La Monte Young
La Monte Thornton Young (born October 14, 1935) is an American composer, musician, and performance artist recognized as one of the first American minimalist composers and a central figure in Fluxus and post-war avant-garde music.
Language
Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary.
Latin
Latin (lingua Latina,, or Latinum) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.
See Music and Latin
Léonin
Léonin (also Leoninus, Leonius, Leo) was the first known significant composer of polyphonic organum.
See Music and Léonin
Lead sheet
A lead sheet or fake sheet is a form of musical notation that specifies the essential elements of a popular song: the melody, lyrics and harmony.
Legato
In music performance and notation, legato (Italian for "tied together"; French lié; German gebunden) indicates that musical notes are played or sung smoothly and connected.
See Music and Legato
Leonard Bernstein
Leonard Bernstein (born Louis Bernstein; August 25, 1918 – October 14, 1990) was an American conductor, composer, pianist, music educator, author, and humanitarian.
See Music and Leonard Bernstein
List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 321.31
This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.31 under that system.
See Music and List of musical instruments by Hornbostel–Sachs number: 321.31
List of musicology topics
This is a list of musicology topics.
See Music and List of musicology topics
List of women composers by birth date
Owing to sexism, women composers of Western classical music are disproportionately absent from the music textbooks and concert programs that constitute the patriarchical Western canon, even though many women have composed music.
See Music and List of women composers by birth date
Lists of musicians
This is a list of lists of musicians.
See Music and Lists of musicians
Liturgy
Liturgy is the customary public ritual of worship performed by a religious group.
Loanword
A loanword (also a loan word, loan-word) is a word at least partly assimilated from one language (the donor language) into another language (the recipient or target language), through the process of borrowing.
Loudness
In acoustics, loudness is the subjective perception of sound pressure.
Low culture
In society, the term low culture identifies the forms of popular culture that have mass appeal, often broadly appealing to the middle or lower cultures of any given society.
Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist.
See Music and Ludwig van Beethoven
Lullaby
A lullaby, or a cradle song, is a soothing song or piece of music that is usually played for (or sung to) children (for adults see music and sleep).
Lute
A lute is any plucked string instrument with a neck and a deep round back enclosing a hollow cavity, usually with a sound hole or opening in the body.
See Music and Lute
Lyre
The lyre is a stringed musical instrument that is classified by Hornbostel–Sachs as a member of the lute family of instruments.
See Music and Lyre
Lyrics
Lyrics are words that make up a song, usually consisting of verses and choruses.
See Music and Lyrics
Magnetoencephalography
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a functional neuroimaging technique for mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using very sensitive magnetometers.
See Music and Magnetoencephalography
Manhattan School of Music
The Manhattan School of Music (MSM) is a private music conservatory in New York City.
See Music and Manhattan School of Music
Marching band
A marching band is a group of instrumental musicians who perform while marching, often for entertainment or competition.
Mashup (music)
A mashup (also mesh, mash up, mash-up, blend, bastard pop or bootleg) is a creative work, usually a song, created by blending two or more pre-recorded songs, typically by superimposing the vocal track of one song seamlessly over the instrumental track of another and changing the tempo and key where necessary.
Mass market
The term "mass market" refers to a market for goods produced on a large scale for a significant number of end consumers.
McGill University
McGill University (French: Université McGill) is an English-language public research university located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
See Music and McGill University
Medieval music
Medieval music encompasses the sacred and secular music of Western Europe during the Middle Ages, from approximately the 6th to 15th centuries.
Melancholia
Melancholia or melancholy (from µέλαινα χολή.,Burton, Bk. I, p. 147 meaning black bile) is a concept found throughout ancient, medieval, and premodern medicine in Europe that describes a condition characterized by markedly depressed mood, bodily complaints, and sometimes hallucinations and delusions.
Melody
A melody, also tune, voice or line, is a linear succession of musical tones that the listener perceives as a single entity.
See Music and Melody
Melting pot
A melting pot is a monocultural metaphor for a heterogeneous society becoming more homogeneous, the different elements "melting together" with a common culture; an alternative being a homogeneous society becoming more heterogeneous through the influx of foreign elements with different cultural backgrounds, possessing the potential to create disharmony within the previous culture.
Memory
Memory is the faculty of the mind by which data or information is encoded, stored, and retrieved when needed.
See Music and Memory
Mental disorder
A mental disorder, also referred to as a mental illness, a mental health condition, or a psychiatric disability, is a behavioral or mental pattern that causes significant distress or impairment of personal functioning.
Mentorship
Mentorship is the patronage, influence, guidance, or direction given by a mentor.
Messiah (Handel)
Messiah (HWV 56) is an English-language oratorio composed in 1741 by George Frideric Handel.
See Music and Messiah (Handel)
Metallophone
A metallophone is any musical instrument in which the sound-producing body is a piece of metal (other than a metal string), such as tuned metal bars, tubes, rods, bowls, or plates.
Metaphysics
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality.
Metre (music)
In music, metre (British spelling) or meter (American spelling) refers to regularly recurring patterns and accents such as bars and beats.
Microphone
A microphone, colloquially called a mic, or mike, is a transducer that converts sound into an electrical signal.
Microtone (music)
Microtonal or microtonality is the use in music of microtones—intervals smaller than a semitone, also called "microintervals".
See Music and Microtone (music)
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Middle Kingdom of Egypt
The Middle Kingdom of Egypt (also known as The Period of Reunification) is the period in the history of ancient Egypt following a period of political division known as the First Intermediate Period.
See Music and Middle Kingdom of Egypt
MIDI
MIDI (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) is a technical standard that describes a communication protocol, digital interface, and electrical connectors that connect a wide variety of electronic musical instruments, computers, and related audio devices for playing, editing, and recording music.
See Music and MIDI
MIT Press
The MIT Press is a university press affiliated with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Mixing console
A mixing console or mixing desk is an electronic device for mixing audio signals, used in sound recording and reproduction and sound reinforcement systems.
Mixtape
A mixtape (alternatively mix-tape, mix tape or mixed tape) is a compilation of music, typically from multiple sources, recorded onto a medium.
Mode (music)
In music theory, the term mode or modus is used in a number of distinct senses, depending on context.
Mohenjo-daro
Mohenjo-daro (موهن جو دڙو,; موئن جو دڑو) is an archaeological site in Larkana District, Sindh, Pakistan.
Monaural sound
Monaural sound or monophonic sound (often shortened to mono) is sound intended to be heard as if it were emanating from one position. Music and Monaural sound are sound.
Monophony
In music, monophony is the simplest of musical textures, consisting of a melody (or "tune"), typically sung by a single singer or played by a single instrument player (e.g., a flute player) without accompanying harmony or chords.
Montreal Symphony Orchestra
The Montreal Symphony Orchestra (Orchestre symphonique de Montréal, or OSM) is a Canadian symphony orchestra based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
See Music and Montreal Symphony Orchestra
Mortimer Wheeler
Sir Robert Eric Mortimer Wheeler CH CIE MC TD (10 September 1890 – 22 July 1976) was a British archaeologist and officer in the British Army.
See Music and Mortimer Wheeler
Morton Feldman
Morton Feldman (January 12, 1926 – September 3, 1987) was an American composer.
Moses
Moses; Mōše; also known as Moshe or Moshe Rabbeinu (Mishnaic Hebrew: מֹשֶׁה רַבֵּינוּ); Mūše; Mūsā; Mōÿsēs was a Hebrew prophet, teacher and leader, according to Abrahamic tradition.
See Music and Moses
Motif (music)
In music, a motif IPA: (/moʊˈtiːf/) or motive is a short musical idea, a salient recurring figure, musical fragment or succession of notes that has some special importance in or is characteristic of a composition.
Multitrack recording
Multitrack recording (MTR), also known as multitracking, is a method of sound recording developed in 1955 that allows for the separate recording of multiple sound sources or of sound sources recorded at different times to create a cohesive whole.
See Music and Multitrack recording
Muses
In ancient Greek religion and mythology, the Muses (Moûsai, Múses) are the inspirational goddesses of literature, science, and the arts.
See Music and Muses
Music & Letters
Music & Letters is an academic journal published quarterly by Oxford University Press with a focus on musicology.
Music and emotion
Research into music and emotion seeks to understand the psychological relationship between human affect and music.
See Music and Music and emotion
Music appreciation
Music appreciation is a division of musicology that is designed to teach students how to understand and describe the contexts and creative processes involved in music composition.
See Music and Music appreciation
Music archaeology
Music archaeology is an interdisciplinary field of study that combines musicology and archaeology.
See Music and Music archaeology
Music box
A music box (American English) or musical box (British English) is an automatic musical instrument in a box that produces musical notes by using a set of pins placed on a revolving cylinder or disc to pluck the tuned teeth (or ''lamellae'') of a steel comb.
Music community
A music community is a group of people involved in a given type of music.
Music competition
A music competition is a public event designed to identify and award outstanding musical ensembles, soloists, composers, conductors, musicologists or compositions.
See Music and Music competition
Music criticism
The Oxford Companion to Music defines music criticism as "the intellectual activity of formulating judgments on the value and degree of excellence of individual works of music, or whole groups or genres".
Music education
Music education is a field of practice in which educators are trained for careers as elementary or secondary music teachers, school or music conservatory ensemble directors.
Music genre
A music genre is a conventional category that identifies some pieces of music as belonging to a shared tradition or set of conventions.
Music history
Music history, sometimes called historical musicology, is a highly diverse subfield of the broader discipline of musicology that studies music from a historical point of view.
Music industry
The music industry refers to the individuals and organizations that earn money by writing songs and musical compositions, creating and selling recorded music and sheet music, presenting concerts, as well as the organizations that aid, train, represent and supply music creators.
Music journalism
Music journalism (or music criticism) is media criticism and reporting about music topics, including popular music, classical music, and traditional music.
See Music and Music journalism
Music lesson
Music lessons are a type of formal instruction in playing a musical instrument or singing.
Music of Afghanistan
The music of Afghanistan comprises many varieties of classical music, folk music, and modern popular music.
See Music and Music of Afghanistan
Music of Africa
Given the vastness of the African continent, its music is diverse, with regions and nations having many distinct musical traditions.
Music of Asia
Asian music encompasses numerous musical styles originating in many Asian countries.
Music of Central Asia
The musical traditions of Central Asia mirror the immense diversity found in the cultures and populations residing in the region.
See Music and Music of Central Asia
Music of China
The music of China consists of many distinct traditions, often specifically originating with one of the country's various ethnic groups.
Music of Germany
Germany claims some of the most renowned composers, singers, producers and performers of the world.
See Music and Music of Germany
Music of India
Owing to India's vastness and diversity, Indian music encompasses numerous genres in multiple varieties and forms which include classical music, folk, rock, and pop.
Music of Indonesia
Indonesia is a country with many different tribes and ethnic groups, and its music is also very diverse, coming in hundreds of different forms and styles.
See Music and Music of Indonesia
Music of Ireland
Irish music is music that has been created in various genres on the island of Ireland.
See Music and Music of Ireland
Music of Scotland
Scotland is internationally known for its traditional music, which remained vibrant throughout the 20th century and into the 21st when many traditional forms worldwide lost popularity to pop music.
See Music and Music of Scotland
Music of South Asia
South Asian music comprises a range of prominent musical genres and styles that are unique to the countries in and around the Indian subcontinent.
See Music and Music of South Asia
Music of Southeast Asia
Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asian music encapsulates numerous musical traditions and styles in many countries of Southeast Asia.
See Music and Music of Southeast Asia
Music psychology
Music psychology, or the psychology of music, may be regarded as a branch of both psychology and musicology.
See Music and Music psychology
Music school
A music school is an educational institution specialized in the study, training, and research of music.
Music technology (electric)
Electric music technology refers to musical instruments and recording devices that use electrical circuits, which are often combined with mechanical technologies.
See Music and Music technology (electric)
Music theory
Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilities of music.
Music therapy
Music therapy, an allied health profession, "is the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions to accomplish individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship by a credentialed professional who has completed an approved music therapy program." It is also a vocation, involving a deep commitment to music and the desire to use it as a medium to help others.
Music-related memory
Musical memory refers to the ability to remember music-related information, such as melodic content and other progressions of tones or pitches.
See Music and Music-related memory
Music-specific disorders
Neuroscientists have learned much about the role of the brain in numerous cognitive mechanisms by understanding corresponding disorders.
See Music and Music-specific disorders
Musical composition
Musical composition can refer to an original piece or work of music, either vocal or instrumental, the structure of a musical piece or to the process of creating or writing a new piece of music.
See Music and Musical composition
Musical ensemble
A musical ensemble, also known as a music group or musical group, is a group of people who perform instrumental and/or vocal music, with the ensemble typically known by a distinct name.
See Music and Musical ensemble
Musical expression
Musical expression is the art of playing or singing with a personal response to the music.
See Music and Musical expression
Musical form
In music, form refers to the structure of a musical composition or performance.
Musical improvisation
Musical improvisation (also known as musical extemporization) is the creative activity of immediate ("in the moment") musical composition, which combines performance with communication of emotions and instrumental technique as well as spontaneous response to other musicians.
See Music and Musical improvisation
Musical instrument
A musical instrument is a device created or adapted to make musical sounds.
See Music and Musical instrument
Musical notation
Musical notation is any system used to visually represent music.
See Music and Musical notation
Musical phrasing
Musical phrasing is the method by which a musician shapes a sequence of notes in a passage of music to allow expression, much like when speaking English a phrase may be written identically but may be spoken differently, and is named for the interpretation of small units of time known as phrases (half of a period).
See Music and Musical phrasing
Musical technique
Musical technique is the ability of instrumental and vocal musicians to exert optimal control of their instruments or vocal cords in order to produce the precise musical effects they desire.
See Music and Musical technique
Musical theatre
Musical theatre is a form of theatrical performance that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance. Music and Musical theatre are performing arts.
Musical tuning
In music, there are two common meanings for tuning.
Musician
A musician is one who composes, conducts, or performs music.
Musicology
Musicology (from Greek μουσική 'music' and -λογια, 'domain of study') is the scholarly study of music.
Musique concrète
Musique concrète: " problem for any translator of an academic work in French is that the language is relatively abstract and theoretical compared to English; one might even say that the mode of thinking itself tends to be more schematic, with a readiness to see material for study in terms of highly abstract dualisms and correlations, which on occasion does not sit easily with the perhaps more pragmatic English language.
See Music and Musique concrète
Muzio Clementi
Muzio Filippo Vincenzo Francesco Saverio Clementi (23 January 175210 March 1832) was an Italian-British composer, virtuoso pianist, pedagogue, conductor, music publisher, editor, and piano manufacturer, who was mostly active in England.
Nationalism
Nationalism is an idea and movement that holds that the nation should be congruent with the state.
Natural selection
Natural selection is the differential survival and reproduction of individuals due to differences in phenotype.
See Music and Natural selection
Necessity and sufficiency
In logic and mathematics, necessity and sufficiency are terms used to describe a conditional or implicational relationship between two statements.
See Music and Necessity and sufficiency
Nicolas Ruwet
Nicolas Ruwet (31 December 1932 – 15 November 2001) was a linguist, literary critic and musical analyst.
Nu metal
Nu metal (sometimes stylized as nü-metal) is a subgenre of that combines elements of heavy metal music with elements of other music genres such as hip hop, funk, industrial, and grunge.
Oboe
The oboe is a type of double-reed woodwind instrument.
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Observation
Observation in the natural sciences is an act or instance of noticing or perceiving and the acquisition of information from a primary source.
Old English
Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
Old French
Old French (franceis, françois, romanz; ancien français) was the language spoken in most of the northern half of France approximately between the late 8th and the mid-14th century.
Old Kingdom of Egypt
In ancient Egyptian history, the Old Kingdom is the period spanning –2200 BC.
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Online Etymology Dictionary
The Online Etymology Dictionary or Etymonline, sometimes abbreviated as OED (not to be confused with the Oxford English Dictionary, which the site often cites), is a free online dictionary that describes the origins of English words, written and compiled by Douglas R. Harper.
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Opera
Opera is a form of theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by singers. Music and Opera are performing arts.
See Music and Opera
Operetta
Operetta is a form of theatre and a genre of light opera.
Oral tradition
Oral tradition, or oral lore, is a form of human communication in which knowledge, art, ideas and culture are received, preserved, and transmitted orally from one generation to another.
Oratorio
An oratorio is a musical composition with dramatic or narrative text for choir, soloists and orchestra or other ensemble.
Orchestration
Orchestration is the study or practice of writing music for an orchestra (or, more loosely, for any musical ensemble, such as a concert band) or of adapting music composed for another medium for an orchestra.
Organ (music)
Carol Williams performing at the United States Military Academy West Point Cadet Chapel. In music, the organ is a keyboard instrument of one or more pipe divisions or other means (generally woodwind or electric) for producing tones.
Origin of language
The origin of language, its relationship with human evolution, and its consequences have been subjects of study for centuries.
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Orion Publishing Group
Orion Publishing Group Ltd.
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Orlando di Lasso
Orlando di Lasso (various other names; probably – 14 June 1594) was a composer of the late Renaissance.
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Ornament (music)
In music, ornaments or embellishments are musical flourishes—typically, added notes—that are not essential to carry the overall line of the melody (or harmony), but serve instead to decorate or "ornament" that line (or harmony), provide added interest and variety, and give the performer the opportunity to add expressiveness to a song or piece.
See Music and Ornament (music)
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman Empire, historically and colloquially known as the Turkish Empire, was an imperial realm centered in Anatolia that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Central Europe, between the early 16th and early 18th centuries.
Overtone
An overtone is any resonant frequency above the fundamental frequency of a sound.
Oxford English Dictionary
The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is the principal historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP), a University of Oxford publishing house.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Music and Oxford University Press
Paleolithic
The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic, also called the Old Stone Age, is a period in human prehistory that is distinguished by the original development of stone tools, and which represents almost the entire period of human prehistoric technology.
Paleolithic flute
During regular archaeological excavations, several flutes that date to the European Upper Paleolithic were discovered in caves in the Swabian Alb region of Germany.
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Paradigmatic analysis
Paradigmatic analysis is the analysis of paradigms embedded in the text rather than of the surface structure (syntax) of the text which is termed syntagmatic analysis.
See Music and Paradigmatic analysis
Part (music)
A part in music refers to a component of a musical composition.
Pérotin
Pérotin was a composer associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony in Paris and the broader ars antiqua musical style of high medieval music.
Pentatonic scale
A pentatonic scale is a musical scale with five notes per octave, in contrast to heptatonic scales, which have seven notes per octave (such as the major scale and minor scale).
See Music and Pentatonic scale
Perception
Perception is the organization, identification, and interpretation of sensory information in order to represent and understand the presented information or environment.
Percussion instrument
A percussion instrument is a musical instrument that is sounded by being struck or scraped by a beater including attached or enclosed beaters or rattles struck, scraped or rubbed by hand or struck against another similar instrument.
See Music and Percussion instrument
Percy Scholes
Percy Alfred Scholes (pronounced skolz) OBE PhD (24 July 1877 – 31 July 1958) was an English musician, journalist and prolific writer, whose best-known achievement was his compilation of the first edition of the Oxford Companion to Music.
Performance
A performance is an act or process of staging or presenting a play, concert, or other form of entertainment. Music and performance are performing arts.
Persian traditional music
Persian traditional music or Iranian traditional music, also known as Persian classical music or Iranian classical music, refers to the classical music of Iran (also known as Persia).
See Music and Persian traditional music
Peter Kivy
Peter Kivy (October 22, 1934 – May 6, 2017) was professor emeritus of musicology and philosophy at Rutgers University.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society is a scientific journal published by the Royal Society.
See Music and Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
Philosophy
Philosophy ('love of wisdom' in Ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, value, mind, and language.
Philosophy of music
Philosophy of music is the study of "fundamental questions about the nature and value of music and our experience of it".
See Music and Philosophy of music
Phonograph
A phonograph, later called a gramophone (as a trademark since 1887, as a generic name in the UK since 1910), and since the 1940s a record player, or more recently a turntable, is a device for the mechanical and analogue reproduction of recorded sound.
Phonograph record
A phonograph record (also known as a gramophone record, especially in British English), a vinyl record (for later varieties only), or simply a record or vinyl is an analog sound storage medium in the form of a flat disc with an inscribed, modulated spiral groove.
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Physics
Physics is the natural science of matter, involving the study of matter, its fundamental constituents, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force.
Physiology
Physiology is the scientific study of functions and mechanisms in a living system.
Piccolo
The piccolo (Italian for 'small') is a half-size flute and a member of the woodwind family of musical instruments.
Pipe organ
The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by driving pressurised air (called wind) through the organ pipes selected from a keyboard.
Pitch (music)
Pitch is a perceptual property that allows sounds to be ordered on a frequency-related scale, or more commonly, pitch is the quality that makes it possible to judge sounds as "higher" and "lower" in the sense associated with musical melodies. Music and pitch (music) are sound.
Plainsong
Plainsong or plainchant (calque from the French plain-chant; cantus planus) is a body of chants used in the liturgies of the Western Church.
Plaisir, Yvelines
Plaisir is a commune located in the heart of the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France.
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Plato
Plato (Greek: Πλάτων), born Aristocles (Ἀριστοκλῆς; – 348 BC), was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.
See Music and Plato
Playing by ear
Playing or learning by ear is the ability of a performing musician to reproduce a piece of music they have heard, without having seen it notated in any form of sheet music.
Playlist
A playlist is a list of video or audio files that can be played back on a media player, either sequentially or in a shuffled order.
Polyhymnia
Polyhymnia (lit), alternatively Polymnia (Πολύμνια), is, in Greek mythology, the Muse of sacred poetry, sacred hymn, dance and eloquence, as well as agriculture and pantomime.
Polyphony
Polyphony is a type of musical texture consisting of two or more simultaneous lines of independent melody, as opposed to a musical texture with just one voice (monophony) or a texture with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony).
Polyrhythm
Polyrhythm is the simultaneous use of two or more rhythms that are not readily perceived as deriving from one another, or as simple manifestations of the same meter.
Popular music
Popular music is music with wide appeal that is typically distributed to large audiences through the music industry.
Porgy and Bess
Porgy and Bess is an English-language opera by American composer George Gershwin, with a libretto written by author DuBose Heyward and lyricist Ira Gershwin.
Portable media player
A portable media player (PMP) or digital audio player (DAP) is a portable consumer electronics device capable of storing and playing digital media such as audio, images, and video files.
See Music and Portable media player
Positron emission tomography
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique that uses radioactive substances known as radiotracers to visualize and measure changes in metabolic processes, and in other physiological activities including blood flow, regional chemical composition, and absorption.
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Prehistoric Egypt
Prehistoric Egypt and Predynastic Egypt was the period of time starting at the first human settlement and ending at the First Dynasty of Egypt around 3100 BC.
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Prehistoric music
Prehistoric music (previously called primitive music) is a term in the history of music for all music produced in preliterate cultures (prehistory), beginning somewhere in very late geological history.
See Music and Prehistoric music
Prelude (music)
A prelude (Präludium or Vorspiel; praeludium; prélude; preludio) is a short piece of music, the form of which may vary from piece to piece.
Preschool
A preschool (sometimes spelled as pre school or pre-school), also known as nursery school, pre-primary school, play school or creche, is an educational establishment or learning space offering early childhood education to children before they begin compulsory education at primary school.
Printing press
A printing press is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium (such as paper or cloth), thereby transferring the ink.
Program music
Program music or programmatic music is a type of instrumental art music that attempts to musically render an extramusical narrative.
Prosumer
A prosumer is an individual who both consumes and produces.
Proto-language
In the tree model of historical linguistics, a proto-language is a postulated ancestral language from which a number of attested languages are believed to have descended by evolution, forming a language family.
Psychoacoustics
Psychoacoustics is the branch of psychophysics involving the scientific study of sound perception and audiology—how the human auditory system perceives various sounds.
Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.
Psychology of music preference
The psychology of music preference is the study of the psychological factors behind peoples' different music preferences.
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Psychophysics
Psychophysics quantitatively investigates the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations and perceptions they produce.
Punk rock
Punk rock (also known as simply punk) is a music genre that emerged in the mid-1970s.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (7 May 1840 – 6 November 1893) was a Russian composer during the Romantic period.
See Music and Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Radio broadcasting
Radio broadcasting is the broadcasting of audio (sound), sometimes with related metadata, by radio waves to radio receivers belonging to a public audience.
See Music and Radio broadcasting
Raga
A raga (also raaga or ragam or raag) is a melodic framework for improvisation in Indian classical music akin to a melodic mode.
See Music and Raga
Record producer
A record producer or music producer is a music creating project's overall supervisor whose responsibilities can involve a range of creative and technical leadership roles.
Recorder (musical instrument)
The recorder is a family of woodwind musical instruments in the group known as internal duct flutes: flutes with a whistle mouthpiece, also known as fipple flutes.
See Music and Recorder (musical instrument)
Refrain
A refrain (from Vulgar Latin refringere, "to repeat", and later from Old French refraindre) is the line or lines that are repeated in music or in poetry — the "chorus" of a song.
Religion
Religion is a range of social-cultural systems, including designated behaviors and practices, morals, beliefs, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics, or organizations, that generally relate humanity to supernatural, transcendental, and spiritual elements—although there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely constitutes a religion.
Religious music
Religious music (also sacred music) is a type of music that is performed or composed for religious use or through religious influence.
Remix
A remix (or reorchestration) is a piece of media which has been altered or contorted from its original state by adding, removing, or changing pieces of the item.
See Music and Remix
Renaissance music
Renaissance music is traditionally understood to cover European music of the 15th and 16th centuries, later than the Renaissance era as it is understood in other disciplines.
See Music and Renaissance music
Rens Bod
Rens Bod (born 1965, Bergh) is a professor in digital humanities and history of humanities at the University of Amsterdam.
Republic (Plato)
The Republic (Politeia) is a Socratic dialogue, authored by Plato around 375 BC, concerning justice, the order and character of the just city-state, and the just man.
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Rhapsody (music)
A rhapsody in music is a one-movement work that is episodic yet integrated, free-flowing in structure, featuring a range of highly contrasted moods, colour, and tonality.
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Rhapsody in Blue
Rhapsody in Blue is a 1924 musical composition for solo piano and jazz band, which combines elements of classical music with jazz-influenced effects.
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Rhys Chatham
Rhys Chatham (born September 19, 1952) is an American composer, guitarist, trumpet player, multi-instrumentalist (flutes in C, alto and bass, keyboard), primarily active in avant-garde and minimalist music.
Rhythm
Rhythm (from Greek ῥυθμός, rhythmos, "any regular recurring motion, symmetry") generally means a "movement marked by the regulated succession of strong and weak elements, or of opposite or different conditions".
See Music and Rhythm
Rhythm section
A rhythm section is a group of musicians within a music ensemble or band that provides the underlying rhythm, harmony and pulse of the accompaniment, providing a rhythmic and harmonic reference and "beat" for the rest of the band.
Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas").
Riff
A riff is a short, repeated motif or figure in the melody or accompaniment of a musical composition.
See Music and Riff
Rigveda
The Rigveda or Rig Veda (ऋग्वेद,, from ऋच्, "praise" and वेद, "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns (sūktas).
Robert Burton
Robert Burton (8 February 1577 – 25 January 1640) was an English author and fellow of Oxford University, known for his encyclopedic The Anatomy of Melancholy.
Rock and roll
Rock and roll (often written as rock & roll, rock-n-roll, rock 'n' roll, rock n' roll or Rock n' Roll) is a genre of popular music that evolved in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s.
Rock music
Rock is a broad genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the late 1940s and early 1950s, developing into a range of different styles from the mid-1960s, particularly in the United States and the United Kingdom.
Rockabilly
Rockabilly is one of the earliest styles of rock and roll music.
Roger Scruton
Sir Roger Vernon Scruton, (27 February 194412 January 2020) was an English philosopher, writer, and social critic who specialised in aesthetics and political philosophy, particularly in the furtherance of traditionalist conservative views.
Roland TB-303
The Roland TB-303 Bass Line (also known as the 303) is a bass synthesizer released by Roland Corporation in 1981.
Roland TR-808
The Roland TR-808 Rhythm Composer, commonly known as the 808, is a drum machine manufactured by Roland Corporation between 1980 and 1983.
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Romance (love)
Romance or romantic love is a feeling of love for, or a strong attraction towards another person, and the courtship behaviors undertaken by an individual to express those overall feelings and resultant emotions.
Romanticism
Romanticism (also known as the Romantic movement or Romantic era) was an artistic and intellectual movement that originated in Europe towards the end of the 18th century.
Rondo
The rondo is a musical form that contains a principal theme (sometimes called the "refrain") which alternates with one or more contrasting themes, generally called "episodes", but also occasionally referred to as "digressions" or "couplets".
See Music and Rondo
Round (music)
A round (also called a perpetual canon or infinite canon) is a musical composition, a limited type of canon, in which multiple voices sing exactly the same melody, but with each voice beginning at different times so that different parts of the melody coincide in the different voices, but nevertheless fit harmoniously together.
Row, Row, Row Your Boat
"Row, Row, Row Your Boat" is an English language nursery rhyme and a popular children's song, of American origin, often sung in a round.
See Music and Row, Row, Row Your Boat
Royal Society
The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.
Sasando
The sasando, also called sasandu from Sandu or Sanu, is a tube zither, a harp-like traditional music string instrument native to Rote Island of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.
Scale (music)
In music theory, a scale is "any consecutive series of notes that form a progression between one note and its octave", typically by order of pitch or fundamental frequency.
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by reoccurring episodes of psychosis that are correlated with a general misperception of reality.
Science
Science is a strict systematic discipline that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable hypotheses and predictions about the world.
Scorewriter
A scorewriter, or music notation program is software for creating, editing and printing sheet music.
Scratching
Scratching, sometimes referred to as scrubbing, is a DJ and turntablist technique of moving a vinyl record back and forth on a turntable to produce percussive or rhythmic sounds.
Secular music
Non-religious secular music and sacred music were the two main genres of Western music during the Middle Ages and Renaissance era.
Seikilos epitaph
The Seikilos epitaph is the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation, being dated between the first and second century AD.
See Music and Seikilos epitaph
Serenade
In music, a serenade (also sometimes called a serenata, from the Italian) is a musical composition or performance delivered in honour of someone or something.
Serialism
In music, serialism is a method of composition using series of pitches, rhythms, dynamics, timbres or other musical elements.
Session musician
A session musician (also known as studio musician or backing musician) is a musician hired to perform in a recording session or a live performance.
See Music and Session musician
Set theory
Set theory is the branch of mathematical logic that studies sets, which can be informally described as collections of objects.
Set theory (music)
Musical set theory provides concepts for categorizing musical objects and describing their relationships.
See Music and Set theory (music)
Sexual selection
Sexual selection is a mode of natural selection in which members of one biological sex choose mates of the other sex to mate with (intersexual selection), and compete with members of the same sex for access to members of the opposite sex (intrasexual selection).
See Music and Sexual selection
Sheet music
Sheet music is a handwritten or printed form of musical notation that uses musical symbols to indicate the pitches, rhythms, or chords of a song or instrumental musical piece.
Shona language
Shona (chiShona) is a Bantu language of the Shona people of Zimbabwe.
Smartphone
A smartphone, often simply called a phone, is a mobile device that combines the functionality of a traditional mobile phone with advanced computing capabilities.
Snare drum
The snare drum (or side drum) is a percussion instrument that produces a sharp staccato sound when the head is struck with a drum stick, due to the use of a series of stiff wires held under tension against the lower skin.
Social behavior
Social behavior is behavior among two or more organisms within the same species, and encompasses any behavior in which one member affects the other.
Social media
Social media are interactive technologies that facilitate the creation, sharing and aggregation of content (such as ideas, interests, and other forms of expression) amongst virtual communities and networks.
Social networking service
A social networking service (SNS), or social networking site, is a type of online social media platform which people use to build social networks or social relationships with other people who share similar personal or career content, interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life connections.
See Music and Social networking service
Socioeconomics
Socioeconomics (also known as social economics) is the social science that studies how economic activity affects and is shaped by social processes.
Sociomusicology
Sociomusicology (from Latin: socius, "companion"; from Old French musique; and the suffix -ology, "the study of", from Old Greek λόγος, lógos: "discourse"), also called music sociology or the sociology of music, refers to both an academic subfield of sociology that is concerned with music (often in combination with other arts), as well as a subfield of musicology that focuses on social aspects of musical behavior and the role of music in society.
Software synthesizer
A software synthesizer or softsynth is a computer program that generates digital audio, usually for music.
See Music and Software synthesizer
Sonata
Sonata (Italian:, pl. sonate; from Latin and Italian: sonare, "to sound"), in music, literally means a piece played as opposed to a cantata (Latin and Italian cantare, "to sing"), a piece sung.
See Music and Sonata
Sonata form
Sonata form (also sonata-allegro form or first movement form) is a musical structure generally consisting of three main sections: an exposition, a development, and a recapitulation.
Songye people
The Songye people, sometimes written Songe, are a Bantu ethnic group from the central Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Soul music
Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the African-American community throughout the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Sound
In physics, sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave through a transmission medium such as a gas, liquid or solid.
See Music and Sound
Sound film
A sound film is a motion picture with synchronized sound, or sound technologically coupled to image, as opposed to a silent film.
Sound localization
Sound localization is a listener's ability to identify the location or origin of a detected sound in direction and distance. Music and sound localization are sound.
See Music and Sound localization
Sound recording and reproduction
Sound recording and reproduction is the electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects.
See Music and Sound recording and reproduction
Soundtrack
A soundtrack is a recorded audio signal accompanying and synchronised to the images of a book, drama, motion picture, radio program, television program, or video game; colloquially, a commercially released soundtrack album of music as featured in the soundtrack of a film, video, or television presentation; or the physical area of a film that contains the synchronised recorded sound.
South India
South India, also known as Southern India or Peninsular India, is the southern part of the Deccan Peninsula in India encompassing the states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu and Telangana as well as the union territories of Lakshadweep and Puducherry, occupying 19.31% of India's area and 20% of India's population.
Spandrel (biology)
In evolutionary biology, a spandrel is a phenotypic trait that is a byproduct of the evolution of some other characteristic, rather than a direct product of adaptive selection.
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Spectrum
A spectrum (spectra or spectrums) is a condition that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary, without gaps, across a continuum.
Speech
Speech is the use of the human voice as a medium for language.
See Music and Speech
Steel-string acoustic guitar
The steel-string acoustic guitar is a modern form of guitar that descends from the gut-strung Romantic guitar, but is strung with steel strings for a brighter, louder sound.
See Music and Steel-string acoustic guitar
Stephen Davies (philosopher)
Stephen John Davies is a Distinguished Professor of philosophy at the University of Auckland, New Zealand.
See Music and Stephen Davies (philosopher)
String instrument
In musical instrument classification, string instruments or chordophones, are musical instruments that produce sound from vibrating strings when a performer plays or sounds the strings in some manner.
See Music and String instrument
String quartet
The term string quartet refers to either a type of musical composition or a group of four people who play them.
String section
The string section is composed of bowed instruments belonging to the violin family.
Strophic form
Strophic form – also called verse-repeating form, chorus form, AAA song form, or one-part song form – is a song structure in which all verses or stanzas of the text are sung to the same music.
Suling
The suling (Sundanese) is a musical instrument of the Sundanese people in Indonesia.
See Music and Suling
Sundanese people
The Sundanese (Orang Sunda; ᮅᮛᮀ ᮞᮥᮔ᮪ᮓ|Urang Sunda) are an indigenous ethnic group native to the western region of Java island in Indonesia, primarily West Java. They number approximately 42 million and form Indonesia's second most populous ethnic group. They speak the Sundanese language, which is part of the Austronesian languages.
See Music and Sundanese people
Symphonic poem
A symphonic poem or tone poem is a piece of orchestral music, usually in a single continuous movement, which illustrates or evokes the content of a poem, short story, novel, painting, landscape, or other (non-musical) source.
Symphony
A symphony is an extended musical composition in Western classical music, most often for orchestra.
Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)
Symphony No.
See Music and Symphony No. 40 (Mozart)
Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)
The Symphony No.
See Music and Symphony No. 5 (Beethoven)
Syncopation
In music, syncopation is a variety of rhythms played together to make a piece of music, making part or all of a tune or piece of music off-beat.
Syncretism
Syncretism is the practice of combining different beliefs and various schools of thought.
Syria
Syria, officially the Syrian Arab Republic, is a country in West Asia located in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Levant.
See Music and Syria
Systematic musicology
Systematic musicology is an umbrella term, used mainly in Central Europe, for several subdisciplines and paradigms of musicology.
See Music and Systematic musicology
Tablature
Tablature (or tab for short) is a form of musical notation indicating instrument fingering or the location of the played notes rather than musical pitches.
Tala (music)
A tala (IAST tāla) literally means a 'clap, tapping one's hand on one's arm, a musical measure'.
Tape recorder
An audio tape recorder, also known as a tape deck, tape player or tape machine or simply a tape recorder, is a sound recording and reproduction device that records and plays back sounds usually using magnetic tape for storage.
Tempo
In musical terminology, tempo (Italian for 'time'; plural 'tempos', or tempi from the Italian plural), also known as beats per minute, is the speed or pace of a given composition.
See Music and Tempo
Tertiary education
Tertiary education, also referred to as third-level, third-stage or post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of secondary education.
See Music and Tertiary education
Texture (music)
In music, texture is how the tempo, melodic, and harmonic materials are combined in a musical composition, determining the overall quality of the sound in a piece.
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (AHD) is a dictionary of American English published by HarperCollins.
See Music and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
The Anatomy of Melancholy
The Anatomy of Melancholy (full title: The Anatomy of Melancholy, What it is: With all the Kinds, Causes, Symptomes, Prognostickes, and Several Cures of it. In Three Maine Partitions with their several Sections, Members, and Subsections. Philosophically, Medicinally, Historically, Opened and Cut Up) is a book by Robert Burton, first published in 1621, but republished five more times over the next seventeen years with massive alterations and expansions.
See Music and The Anatomy of Melancholy
The arts
The arts or creative arts are a vast range of human practices of creative expression, storytelling, and cultural participation.
The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)
The Four Seasons (Le quattro stagioni) is a group of four violin concerti by Italian composer Antonio Vivaldi, each of which gives musical expression to a season of the year.
See Music and The Four Seasons (Vivaldi)
The Independent
The Independent is a British online newspaper.
The Musical Times
The Musical Times is an academic journal of classical music edited and produced in the United Kingdom and the oldest such journal still being published in the country.
See Music and The Musical Times
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians.
See Music and The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
The Oxford Companion to Music
The Oxford Companion to Music is a music reference book in the series of Oxford Companions produced by the Oxford University Press.
See Music and The Oxford Companion to Music
The Pittsburgh Press
The Pittsburgh Press, formerly The Pittsburg Press and originally The Evening Penny Press, was a major afternoon daily newspaper published in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania for over a century, from 1884 to 1992.
See Music and The Pittsburgh Press
Theatre music
Theatre music refers to a wide range of music composed or adapted for performance in theatres.
Theatre of ancient Greece
A theatrical culture flourished in ancient Greece from 700 BC.
See Music and Theatre of ancient Greece
Theatre organ
A theatre organ (also known as a theater organ, or, especially in the United Kingdom, a cinema organ) is a type of pipe organ developed to accompany silent films from the 1900s to the 1920s.
Thirty-two-bar form
The 32-bar form, also known as the AABA song form, American popular song form and the ballad form, is a song structure commonly found in Tin Pan Alley songs and other American popular music, especially in the first half of the 20th century.
See Music and Thirty-two-bar form
Thomas J. Mathiesen
Thomas James Mathiesen (born April 30, 1947) is an American musicologist, whose research focuses on Ancient music and the music theory of ancient and early periods.
See Music and Thomas J. Mathiesen
Thomas Morley
Thomas Morley (1557 – early October 1602) was an English composer, theorist, singer and organist of the Renaissance.
Through-composed music
In the theory of musical form, through-composed music is a continuous, non-sectional, and non-repetitive piece of music.
See Music and Through-composed music
Timbre
In music, timbre, also known as tone color or tone quality (from psychoacoustics), is the perceived sound quality of a musical note, sound or tone. Music and timbre are sound.
See Music and Timbre
Time signature
A time signature (also known as meter signature, metre signature, and measure signature) is a convention in Western music notation that specifies how many note values of a particular type are contained in each measure (bar).
Tin Pan Alley
Tin Pan Alley was a collection of music publishers and songwriters in New York City that dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Tiv people
Tiv (or Tiiv) are a Tivoid ethnic group.
Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565
The Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565, is a composition for organ by, according to the oldest sources, German composer Johann Sebastian Bach and is one of the most widely recognisable works in the organ repertoire.
See Music and Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565
Tonality
Tonality is the arrangement of pitches and/or chords of a musical work in a hierarchy of perceived relations, stabilities, attractions, and directionality.
Tonic (music)
In music, the tonic is the first scale degree of the diatonic scale (the first note of a scale) and the tonal center or final resolution tone that is commonly used in the final cadence in tonal (musical key-based) classical music, popular music, and traditional music.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction.
See Music and Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Tribute act
A tribute act, tribute band, tribute group or tribute artist is a music group, singer, or musician who specifically plays the music of a well-known music act.
Trio (music)
In music, a trio (from the Italian) is any of the following.
Tuba
The tuba is the largest and lowest-pitched musical instrument in the brass family.
See Music and Tuba
Twelve-bar blues
The twelve-bar blues (or blues changes) is one of the most prominent chord progressions in popular music.
See Music and Twelve-bar blues
Ugarit
Ugarit (𐎜𐎂𐎗𐎚, ʾUgarītu) was an ancient port city in northern Syria about 10 kilometers north of modern Latakia.
See Music and Ugarit
Urban culture
Urban culture is the culture of towns and cities.
Variation (music)
In music, variation is a formal technique where material is repeated in an altered form.
See Music and Variation (music)
Verse–chorus form
Verse–chorus form is a musical form going back to the 1840s, in such songs as "Oh! Susanna", "The Daring Young Man on the Flying Trapeze", and many others.
See Music and Verse–chorus form
Vibrato
Vibrato (Italian, from past participle of "vibrare", to vibrate) is a musical effect consisting of a regular, pulsating change of pitch.
Video on demand
Video on demand (VOD) is a media distribution system that allows users to access videos, television shows and films digitally on request.
Vienna Philharmonic
Vienna Philharmonic (VPO; Wiener Philharmoniker) is an orchestra that was founded in 1842 and is considered to be one of the finest in the world.
See Music and Vienna Philharmonic
Virtual community
A virtual community is a social work of individuals who connect through specific social media, potentially crossing geographical and political boundaries in order to pursue mutual interests or goals.
See Music and Virtual community
Vocal coach
A vocal coach, also known as a voice coach (though this term often applies to those working with speech and communication rather than singing), is a music teacher, usually a piano accompanist, who helps singers prepare for a performance, often also helping them to improve their singing technique and take care of and develop their voice, but is not the same as a singing teacher (also called a "voice teacher").
Vogelherd Cave
The Vogelherd Cave (Vogelherdhöhle, or simply Vogelherd) is located in the eastern Swabian Jura, south-western Germany.
Voice teacher
A voice teacher or singing teacher is a musical instructor who assists adults and children in the development of their abilities in singing.
Voicing (music)
In music theory, voicing refers to two closely related concepts.
Walther von der Vogelweide
Walther von der Vogelweide was a Minnesänger who composed and performed love-songs and political songs (Sprüche) in Middle High German.
See Music and Walther von der Vogelweide
Waltz
The waltz, meaning "to roll or revolve") is a ballroom and folk dance, normally in triple (4 time), performed primarily in closed position.
See Music and Waltz
West Side Story
West Side Story is a musical conceived by Jerome Robbins with music by Leonard Bernstein, lyrics by Stephen Sondheim, and a book by Arthur Laurents.
Western canon
The Western canon is the body of high-culture literature, music, philosophy, and works of art that are highly valued in the West, works that have achieved the status of classics.
Western world
The Western world, also known as the West, primarily refers to various nations and states in the regions of Australasia, Western Europe, and Northern America; with some debate as to whether those in Eastern Europe and Latin America also constitute the West.
Whistling
Whistling, without the use of an artificial whistle, is achieved by creating a small opening with one's lips, usually after applying moisture (licking one's lips or placing water upon them) and then blowing or sucking air through the space.
Whole-tone scale
In music, a whole-tone scale is a scale in which each note is separated from its neighbors by the interval of a whole tone.
See Music and Whole-tone scale
Wikinomics
Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything is a book by Don Tapscott and Anthony D. Williams, first published in December 2006.
Wiley (publisher)
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., commonly known as Wiley, is an American multinational publishing company that focuses on academic publishing and instructional materials.
See Music and Wiley (publisher)
Wind chime
Wind chimes are a type of percussion instrument constructed from suspended tubes, rods, bells, or other objects that are often made of metal or wood.
Witold Lutosławski
Witold Roman Lutosławski (25 January 1913 – 7 February 1994) was a Polish composer and conductor.
See Music and Witold Lutosławski
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (27 January 17565 December 1791) was a prolific and influential composer of the Classical period.
See Music and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Woodwind instrument
Woodwind instruments are a family of musical instruments within the greater category of wind instruments.
See Music and Woodwind instrument
World music
"World music" is an English phrase for styles of music from non-Western countries, including quasi-traditional, intercultural, and traditional music.
Yamaha DX7
The Yamaha DX7 is a synthesizer manufactured by Yamaha Corporation from 1983 to 1989.
Yogyakarta
Yogyakarta (ꦔꦪꦺꦴꦒꦾꦏꦂꦠ; Jogjakarta) is the capital city of the Special Region of Yogyakarta in Indonesia, in the south-central part of the island of Java.
20th-century music
The following Wikipedia articles deal with 20th-century music.
See Music and 20th-century music
References
Also known as Auditory art, Meaning (music), Musical Interpretation, Musicke.
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