Table of Contents
336 relations: Absorption (pharmacology), Acetaldehyde, Acid, Adaptive immune system, Addiction, Adolf Pinner, Adrenaline, Adrenergic agonist, Adrenergic receptor, Affect (psychology), Agonist, Alcohol (drug), Alertness, Alkaloid, Alpha blocker, Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor, Alzheimer's disease, Amé Pictet, Anabasine, Analeptic, Analgesic, Angiogenesis, Anhedonia, Animal studies, Anxiolytic, Application site reaction, Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Base (chemistry), Beta blocker, Biological half-life, Birth weight, Blinded experiment, Blood, Blood plasma, Blood pressure, Blood sugar level, Blood–brain barrier, BMC Public Health, Bradycardia, Bradypnea, Brain, Breathing, Buccal administration, Caffeine, Calcium, Capsicum, Cardiac arrest, Central melanocortin system, Chemical formula, ... Expand index (286 more) »
- Alkaloids found in Erythroxylum coca
- Alkaloids found in Nicotiana
- Plant toxin insecticides
- Pregnane X receptor agonists
- Pyridine alkaloids
- Pyrrolidine alkaloids
Absorption (pharmacology)
Absorption is the journey of a drug travelling from the site of administration to the site of action.
See Nicotine and Absorption (pharmacology)
Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde (IUPAC systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formula CH3 CHO, sometimes abbreviated as MeCHO.
Acid
An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. hydrogen ion, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid.
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune system, or specific immune system is a subsystem of the immune system that is composed of specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens or prevent their growth.
See Nicotine and Adaptive immune system
Addiction
Addiction is a neuropsychological disorder characterized by a persistent and intense urge to use a drug or engage in a behavior that produces natural reward, despite substantial harm and other negative consequences.
Adolf Pinner
Adolf Pinner (August 31, 1842 – May 21, 1909) was a German chemist.
Adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as epinephrine, is a hormone and medication which is involved in regulating visceral functions (e.g., respiration).
Adrenergic agonist
An adrenergic agonist is a drug that stimulates a response from the adrenergic receptors.
See Nicotine and Adrenergic agonist
Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of many catecholamines like norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline) produced by the body, but also many medications like beta blockers, beta-2 (β2) agonists and alpha-2 (α2) agonists, which are used to treat high blood pressure and asthma, for example.
See Nicotine and Adrenergic receptor
Affect (psychology)
Affect, in psychology, is the underlying experience of feeling, emotion, attachment, or mood.
See Nicotine and Affect (psychology)
Agonist
An agonist is a chemical that activates a receptor to produce a biological response.
Alcohol (drug)
Alcohol, sometimes referred to by the chemical name ethanol, is one of the most widely used and abused psychoactive drugs in the world and falls under the depressant category. Nicotine and Alcohol (drug) are anxiolytics, Euphoriants, nicotinic agonists and Teratogens.
See Nicotine and Alcohol (drug)
Alertness
Alertness is a state of active attention characterized by high sensory awareness.
Alkaloid
Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom.
Alpha blocker
Alpha-blockers, also known as α-blockers or α-adrenoreceptor antagonists, are a class of pharmacological agents that act as antagonists on α-adrenergic receptors (α-adrenoceptors).
See Nicotine and Alpha blocker
Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor
The alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor, also known as the α3β4 receptor and the ganglion-type nicotinic receptor,Pharmacology, (Rang, Dale, Ritter & Moore,, 5th ed., Churchill Livingstone 2003) p. 138.
See Nicotine and Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor
Alzheimer's disease
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that usually starts slowly and progressively worsens, and is the cause of 60–70% of cases of dementia.
See Nicotine and Alzheimer's disease
Amé Pictet
Amé Pictet (July 12, 1857 – March 11, 1937) was a Swiss chemist.
Anabasine
Anabasine is a pyridine and piperidine alkaloid found in the tree tobacco (Nicotiana glauca) plant, as well as in tree tobacco's close relative the common tobacco plant (Nicotiana tabacum). Nicotine and Anabasine are 3-Pyridyl compounds, alkaloids found in Nicotiana, nicotinic agonists, plant toxin insecticides and pyridine alkaloids.
Analeptic
An analeptic, in medicine, is a central nervous system stimulant.
Analgesic
An analgesic drug, also called simply an analgesic, antalgic, pain reliever, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used for pain management.
Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels, formed in the earlier stage of vasculogenesis.
Anhedonia
Anhedonia is a diverse array of deficits in hedonic function, including reduced motivation or ability to experience pleasure.
Animal studies
Animal studies is a recently recognised field in which animals are studied in a variety of cross-disciplinary ways.
See Nicotine and Animal studies
Anxiolytic
An anxiolytic (also antipanic or anti-anxiety agent) is a medication or other intervention that reduces anxiety. Nicotine and anxiolytic are anxiolytics.
Application site reaction
Application site reactions are reactions to medical treatments which occur at the site of application.
See Nicotine and Application site reaction
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase, also known as ALOX5, 5-lipoxygenase, 5-LOX, or 5-LO, is a non-heme iron-containing enzyme (EC 1.13.11.34) that in humans is encoded by the ALOX5 gene.
See Nicotine and Arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by executive dysfunction occasioning symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity and emotional dysregulation that are excessive and pervasive, impairing in multiple contexts, and otherwise age-inappropriate.
See Nicotine and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Base (chemistry)
In chemistry, there are three definitions in common use of the word "base": Arrhenius bases, Brønsted bases, and Lewis bases.
See Nicotine and Base (chemistry)
Beta blocker
Beta blockers, also spelled β-blockers, are a class of medications that are predominantly used to manage abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmia), and to protect the heart from a second heart attack after a first heart attack (secondary prevention).
Biological half-life
Biological half-life (elimination half-life, pharmacological half-life) is the time taken for concentration of a biological substance (such as a medication) to decrease from its maximum concentration (Cmax) to half of Cmax in the blood plasma.
See Nicotine and Biological half-life
Birth weight
Birth weight is the body weight of a baby at their birth.
Blinded experiment
In a blind or blinded experiment, information which may influence the participants of the experiment is withheld until after the experiment is complete.
See Nicotine and Blinded experiment
Blood
Blood is a body fluid in the circulatory system of humans and other vertebrates that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells, and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.
Blood plasma
Blood plasma is a light amber-colored liquid component of blood in which blood cells are absent, but which contains proteins and other constituents of whole blood in suspension.
Blood pressure
Blood pressure (BP) is the pressure of circulating blood against the walls of blood vessels.
See Nicotine and Blood pressure
Blood sugar level
The blood sugar level, blood sugar concentration, blood glucose level, or glycemia is the measure of glucose concentrated in the blood.
See Nicotine and Blood sugar level
Blood–brain barrier
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective semipermeable border of endothelial cells that regulates the transfer of solutes and chemicals between the circulatory system and the central nervous system, thus protecting the brain from harmful or unwanted substances in the blood.
See Nicotine and Blood–brain barrier
BMC Public Health
BMC Public Health is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal that covers epidemiology of disease and various aspects of public health.
See Nicotine and BMC Public Health
Bradycardia
Bradycardia, also called bradyarrhythmia, is a resting heart rate under 60 beats per minute (BPM).
Bradypnea
Bradypnea is abnormally slow breathing.
Brain
The brain is an organ that serves as the center of the nervous system in all vertebrate and most invertebrate animals.
Breathing
Breathing (spiration or ventilation) is the rhythmical process of moving air into (inhalation) and out of (exhalation) the lungs to facilitate gas exchange with the internal environment, mostly to flush out carbon dioxide and bring in oxygen.
Buccal administration
Buccal administration is a topical route of administration by which drugs held or applied in the buccal area (in the cheek) diffuse through the oral mucosa (tissues which line the mouth) and enter directly into the bloodstream.
See Nicotine and Buccal administration
Caffeine
Caffeine is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant of the methylxanthine class. Nicotine and Caffeine are plant toxin insecticides and stimulants.
Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
Capsicum
Capsicum is a genus of flowering plants in the nightshade family Solanaceae, native to the Americas, cultivated worldwide for their edible fruit.
Cardiac arrest
Cardiac arrest, also known as sudden cardiac arrest, is when the heart suddenly and unexpectedly stops beating.
See Nicotine and Cardiac arrest
Central melanocortin system
The central melanocortin system is defined anatomically as a collection of central nervous system circuits which include.
See Nicotine and Central melanocortin system
Chemical formula
A chemical formula is a way of presenting information about the chemical proportions of atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound or molecule, using chemical element symbols, numbers, and sometimes also other symbols, such as parentheses, dashes, brackets, commas and plus (+) and minus (−) signs.
See Nicotine and Chemical formula
Chewing tobacco
Chewing tobacco is a type of smokeless tobacco product that is placed between the cheek and lower gum to draw out its flavor.
See Nicotine and Chewing tobacco
Chirality
Chirality is a property of asymmetry important in several branches of science.
Chirality (chemistry)
In chemistry, a molecule or ion is called chiral if it cannot be superposed on its mirror image by any combination of rotations, translations, and some conformational changes.
See Nicotine and Chirality (chemistry)
CHRNA10
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-10, also known as nAChRα10 and cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 10, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA10 gene.
CHRNA9
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-9, also known as nAChRα9, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CHRNA9 gene.
Chromaffin cell
Chromaffin cells, also called pheochromocytes (or phaeochromocytes), are neuroendocrine cells found mostly in the medulla of the adrenal glands in mammals.
See Nicotine and Chromaffin cell
Chromosome abnormality
A chromosomal abnormality, chromosomal anomaly, chromosomal aberration, chromosomal mutation, or chromosomal disorder is a missing, extra, or irregular portion of chromosomal DNA.
See Nicotine and Chromosome abnormality
Cigar
A cigar is a tobacco product made to be smoked.
Cigarette
A cigarette is a narrow cylinder containing a combustible material, typically tobacco, that is rolled into thin paper for smoking.
Circulatory system
The circulatory system is a system of organs that includes the heart, blood vessels, and blood which is circulated throughout the entire body of a human or other vertebrate.
See Nicotine and Circulatory system
Cochrane (organisation)
Cochrane is a British international charitable organisation formed to synthesize medical research findings to facilitate evidence-based choices about health interventions involving health professionals, patients and policy makers.
See Nicotine and Cochrane (organisation)
Coma
A coma is a deep state of prolonged unconsciousness in which a person cannot be awakened, fails to respond normally to painful stimuli, light, or sound, lacks a normal wake-sleep cycle and does not initiate voluntary actions.
Comet assay
The single cell gel electrophoresis assay (SCGE, also known as comet assay) is an uncomplicated and sensitive technique for the detection of DNA damage at the level of the individual eukaryotic cell.
Confusion
In medicine, confusion is the quality or state of being bewildered or unclear.
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022 is a $1.5 trillion omnibus spending bill passed by the 117th United States Congress on March 14, 2022 and signed into law by President Joe Biden the following day.
See Nicotine and Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022
Contraindication
In medicine, a contraindication is a condition (a situation or factor) that serves as a reason not to take a certain medical treatment due to the harm that it would cause the patient.
See Nicotine and Contraindication
Cotinine
Cotinine is an alkaloid found in tobacco and is also the predominant metabolite of nicotine, typically used as a biomarker for exposure to tobacco smoke. Nicotine and Cotinine are 3-Pyridyl compounds, alkaloids found in Nicotiana, nicotinic agonists and pyridine alkaloids.
CYP2A6
Cytochrome P450 2A6 (abbreviated CYP2A6) is a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, which is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body.
CYP2B6
Cytochrome P450 2B6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2B6 gene.
Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (P450s or CYPs) are a superfamily of enzymes containing heme as a cofactor that mostly, but not exclusively, function as monooxygenases.
See Nicotine and Cytochrome P450
D1-like receptor
The D1-like receptors are a subfamily of dopamine receptors that bind the endogenous neurotransmitter dopamine.
See Nicotine and D1-like receptor
Dalton (unit)
The dalton or unified atomic mass unit (symbols: Da or u) is a non-SI unit of mass defined as of the mass of an unbound neutral atom of carbon-12 in its nuclear and electronic ground state and at rest.
See Nicotine and Dalton (unit)
DC Comics
DC Comics, Inc. (doing business as DC) is an American comic book publisher and the flagship unit of DC Entertainment, a subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery.
Deamination
Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule.
Decarboxylation
Decarboxylation is a chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2).
See Nicotine and Decarboxylation
Dementia
Dementia is a syndrome associated with many neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by a general decline in cognitive abilities that affects a person's ability to perform everyday activities.
Depression (mood)
Depression is a mental state of low mood and aversion to activity.
See Nicotine and Depression (mood)
Development of the nervous system
The development of the nervous system, or neural development (neurodevelopment), refers to the processes that generate, shape, and reshape the nervous system of animals, from the earliest stages of embryonic development to adulthood.
See Nicotine and Development of the nervous system
Dextropropoxyphene
Dextropropoxyphene is an analgesic in the opioid category, patented in 1955 and manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company.
See Nicotine and Dextropropoxyphene
DNA damage (naturally occurring)
DNA damage is an alteration in the chemical structure of DNA, such as a break in a strand of DNA, a nucleobase missing from the backbone of DNA, or a chemically changed base such as 8-OHdG.
See Nicotine and DNA damage (naturally occurring)
Dopamine
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells.
Dosage form
Dosage forms (also called unit doses) are pharmaceutical drug products in the form in which they are marketed for use, with a specific mixture of active ingredients and inactive components (excipients), in a particular configuration (such as a capsule shell, for example), and apportioned into a particular dose.
Dose (biochemistry)
A dose is a measured quantity of a medicine, nutrient, or pathogen which is delivered as a unit.
See Nicotine and Dose (biochemistry)
Dose–response relationship
The dose–response relationship, or exposure–response relationship, describes the magnitude of the response of an organism, as a function of exposure (or doses) to a stimulus or stressor (usually a chemical) after a certain exposure time.
See Nicotine and Dose–response relationship
Drug metabolism
Drug metabolism is the metabolic breakdown of drugs by living organisms, usually through specialized enzymatic systems.
See Nicotine and Drug metabolism
Drug withdrawal
Drug withdrawal, drug withdrawal syndrome, or substance withdrawal syndrome, is the group of symptoms that occur upon the abrupt discontinuation or decrease in the intake of pharmaceutical or recreational drugs.
See Nicotine and Drug withdrawal
Duboisia hopwoodii
Duboisia hopwoodii is a shrub native to the arid interior region of Australia.
See Nicotine and Duboisia hopwoodii
Eggplant
Eggplant (US, CA, AU, NZ, PH), aubergine (UK, IE), brinjal (IN, SG, MY, ZA), or baigan (IN, GY) is a plant species in the nightshade family Solanaceae.
Electronic cigarette
An electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) or vape is a device that simulates tobacco smoking.
See Nicotine and Electronic cigarette
Empirical formula
In chemistry, the empirical formula of a chemical compound is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms present in a compound.
See Nicotine and Empirical formula
Enantiomer
In chemistry, an enantiomer (/ɪˈnænti.əmər, ɛ-, -oʊ-/ ''ih-NAN-tee-ə-mər''; from Ancient Greek ἐναντίος (enantíos) 'opposite', and μέρος (méros) 'part') – also called optical isomer, antipode, or optical antipode – is one of two stereoisomers that are nonsuperposable onto their own mirror image.
Energy expenditure
Energy expenditure, often estimated as the total daily energy expenditure (TDEE), is the amount of energy burned by the human body.
See Nicotine and Energy expenditure
Epidermal growth factor
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor, EGFR.
See Nicotine and Epidermal growth factor
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell–cell adhesion, and gain migratory and invasive properties to become mesenchymal stem cells; these are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types.
See Nicotine and Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
Erythema
Erythema is redness of the skin or mucous membranes, caused by hyperemia (increased blood flow) in superficial capillaries.
Euphoria
Euphoria is the experience (or affect) of pleasure or excitement and intense feelings of well-being and happiness. Nicotine and Euphoria are Euphoriants.
Europe
Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere.
Excretion
Excretion is elimination of metabolic waste, which is an essential process in all organisms.
Exocytosis
Exocytosis is a form of active transport and bulk transport in which a cell transports molecules (e.g., neurotransmitters and proteins) out of the cell (exo- + cytosis).
Flash point
The flash point of a material is the "lowest liquid temperature at which, under certain standardized conditions, a liquid gives off vapours in a quantity such as to be capable of forming an ignitable vapour/air mixture".
Flatulence
Flatulence is the expulsion of gas from the intestines via the anus, commonly referred to as farting.
Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3
Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), also known as dimethylaniline monooxygenase 3 and trimethylamine monooxygenase, is a flavoprotein enzyme that in humans is encoded by the FMO3 gene.
See Nicotine and Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3
Food and Drug Administration
The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA or US FDA) is a federal agency of the Department of Health and Human Services.
See Nicotine and Food and Drug Administration
FOSB
Protein fosB, also known as FosB and G0/G1 switch regulatory protein 3 (G0S3), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FBJ murine osteosarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (FOSB) gene.
FOSL1
Fos-related antigen 1 (FRA1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOSL1 gene.
FOSL2
Fos-related antigen 2 (FRA2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FOSL2 gene.
France
France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe.
Free base
Free base (freebase, free-base) is a descriptor for the neutral form of an amine commonly used in reference to illicit drugs.
Gene expression
Gene expression is the process by which information from a gene is used in the synthesis of a functional gene product that enables it to produce end products, proteins or non-coding RNA, and ultimately affect a phenotype.
See Nicotine and Gene expression
Genotoxicity
Genotoxicity is the property of chemical agents that damage the genetic information within a cell causing mutations, which may lead to cancer.
Germany
Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), is a country in Central Europe.
Ghrelin
Ghrelin (or lenomorelin, INN) is a hormone primarily produced by enteroendocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the stomach, and is often called a "hunger hormone" because it increases the drive to eat.
Glucuronidation
Glucuronidation is often involved in drug metabolism of substances such as drugs, pollutants, bilirubin, androgens, estrogens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, fatty acid derivatives, retinoids, and bile acids.
See Nicotine and Glucuronidation
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, also known as triose phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceraldehyde and abbreviated as G3P, GA3P, GADP, GAP, TP, GALP or PGAL, is a metabolite that occurs as an intermediate in several central pathways of all organisms.
See Nicotine and Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
Green Tobacco Sickness
Green Tobacco Sickness (GTS) is a type of nicotine poisoning caused by the transdermal absorption of nicotine from the surface of tobacco plants.
See Nicotine and Green Tobacco Sickness
Growth factor
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cell proliferation, wound healing, and occasionally cellular differentiation.
See Nicotine and Growth factor
Harm reduction
Harm reduction, or harm minimization, refers to a range of intentional practices and public health policies designed to lessen the negative social and/or physical consequences associated with various human behaviors, both legal and illegal.
See Nicotine and Harm reduction
Hazardous Substances Data Bank
The Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) was a toxicology database on the U.S. National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET).
See Nicotine and Hazardous Substances Data Bank
Heart rate
Heart rate is the frequency of the heartbeat measured by the number of contractions of the heart per minute (beats per minute, or bpm).
Histone deacetylase
Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are a class of enzymes that remove acetyl groups (O.
See Nicotine and Histone deacetylase
Hormone
A hormone (from the Greek participle ὁρμῶν, "setting in motion") is a class of signaling molecules in multicellular organisms that are sent to distant organs or tissues by complex biological processes to regulate physiology and behavior.
Human brain
The brain is the central organ of the human nervous system, and with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system.
Hygroscopy
Hygroscopy is the phenomenon of attracting and holding water molecules via either absorption or adsorption from the surrounding environment, which is usually at normal or room temperature.
Hypersalivation
Hypersalivation or hypersialosis is the excessive production of saliva.
See Nicotine and Hypersalivation
Hypersensitivity
Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction or intolerance) is an abnormal physiological condition in which there is an undesirable and adverse immune response to an antigen.
See Nicotine and Hypersensitivity
Hypertension
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
Hypotension
Hypotension, also known as low blood pressure, is a cardiovascular condition characterized by abnormally reduced blood pressure.
Imidacloprid
Imidacloprid is a systemic insecticide belonging to a class of chemicals called the neonicotinoids which act on the central nervous system of insects.
Immediately dangerous to life or health
The term immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) is defined by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as exposure to airborne contaminants that is "likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment." Examples include smoke or other poisonous gases at sufficiently high concentrations.
See Nicotine and Immediately dangerous to life or health
Immune system
The immune system is a network of biological systems that protects an organism from diseases.
See Nicotine and Immune system
In vivo
Studies that are in vivo (Latin for "within the living"; often not italicized in English) are those in which the effects of various biological entities are tested on whole, living organisms or cells, usually animals, including humans, and plants, as opposed to a tissue extract or dead organism.
Indigestion
Indigestion, also known as dyspepsia or upset stomach, is a condition of impaired digestion.
Infertility
Infertility is the inability of an animal or plant to reproduce by natural means.
Inhalation
Inhalation (or inspiration) happens when air or other gases enter the lungs.
Insecticide
Insecticides are pesticides used to kill insects.
Insomnia
Insomnia, also known as sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder where people have trouble sleeping.
Insufflation (medicine)
Insufflation (lit) is the act of blowing something (such as a gas, powder, or vapor) into a body cavity.
See Nicotine and Insufflation (medicine)
International Agency for Research on Cancer
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC) is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organization of the United Nations.
See Nicotine and International Agency for Research on Cancer
Ischemia
Ischemia or ischaemia is a restriction in blood supply to any tissue, muscle group, or organ of the body, causing a shortage of oxygen that is needed for cellular metabolism (to keep tissue alive).
Isomer
In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space.
Itch
An itch (also known as pruritus) is a sensation that causes a strong desire or reflex to scratch.
Jasmonate
Jasmonate (JA) and its derivatives are lipid-based plant hormones that regulate a wide range of processes in plants, ranging from growth and photosynthesis to reproductive development.
Jean Nicot
Jean Nicot de Villemain (1530 – 4 May 1604) was a French diplomat and scholar.
Kidney
In humans, the kidneys are two reddish-brown bean-shaped blood-filtering organs that are a multilobar, multipapillary form of mammalian kidneys, usually without signs of external lobulation.
Kilogram
The kilogram (also kilogramme) is the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), having the unit symbol kg.
Ligand (biochemistry)
In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose.
See Nicotine and Ligand (biochemistry)
List of common misconceptions
Each entry on this list of common misconceptions is worded as a correction; the misconceptions themselves are implied rather than stated.
See Nicotine and List of common misconceptions
List of tobacco products
Tobacco is the agricultural product of the leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana, commonly termed tobacco plants.
See Nicotine and List of tobacco products
Liver
The liver is a major metabolic organ exclusively found in vertebrate animals, which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the synthesis of proteins and various other biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth.
Louis Melsens
Louis Henri Frédéric Melsens (11 July 1814 in Leuven – 20 April 1886 in Brussels) was a Belgian physicist and chemist.
See Nicotine and Louis Melsens
Lymphocyte
A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell (leukocyte) in the immune system of most vertebrates.
Major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of pervasive low mood, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities.
See Nicotine and Major depressive disorder
Mammal
A mammal is a vertebrate animal of the class Mammalia.
Manduca sexta
Manduca sexta is a moth of the family Sphingidae present through much of the Americas.
See Nicotine and Manduca sexta
McMaster University
McMaster University (McMaster or Mac) is a public research university in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
See Nicotine and McMaster University
Median lethal dose
In toxicology, the median lethal dose, LD50 (abbreviation for "lethal dose, 50%"), LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) or LCt50 is a toxic unit that measures the lethal dose of a given substance.
See Nicotine and Median lethal dose
Medication
A medication (also called medicament, medicine, pharmaceutical drug, medicinal drug or simply drug) is a drug used to diagnose, cure, treat, or prevent disease.
Medium spiny neuron
Medium spiny neurons (MSNs), also known as spiny projection neurons (SPNs), are a special type of inhibitory GABAergic neuron representing approximately 90% of neurons within the human striatum, a basal ganglia structure.
See Nicotine and Medium spiny neuron
Menthol
Menthol is an organic compound, more specifically a monoterpenoid, made synthetically or obtained from the oils of corn mint, peppermint, or other mints.
Menthol cigarette
A menthol cigarette is a cigarette infused with the compound menthol which imparts a “minty” flavor to the smoke.
See Nicotine and Menthol cigarette
Mesolimbic pathway
The mesolimbic pathway, sometimes referred to as the reward pathway, is a dopaminergic pathway in the brain.
See Nicotine and Mesolimbic pathway
Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical reactions in organisms.
Metered-dose inhaler
A metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is a device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs in the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is usually self-administered by the patient via inhalation.
See Nicotine and Metered-dose inhaler
Methylamine
Methylamine is an organic compound with a formula of.
Methylation
Methylation, in the chemical sciences, is the addition of a methyl group on a substrate, or the substitution of an atom (or group) by a methyl group.
Microgram
In the metric system, a microgram or microgramme is a unit of mass equal to one millionth of a gram.
Micronucleus test
A micronucleus test is a test used in toxicological screening for potential genotoxic compounds.
See Nicotine and Micronucleus test
Miscarriage
Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion, is the death and expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive independently.
Miscibility
Miscibility is the property of two substances to mix in all proportions (that is, to fully dissolve in each other at any concentration), forming a homogeneous mixture (a solution).
Mitogen
A mitogen is a small bioactive protein or peptide that induces a cell to begin cell division, or enhances the rate of division (mitosis).
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are a class of drugs that inhibit the activity of one or both monoamine oxidase enzymes: monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B).
See Nicotine and Monoamine oxidase inhibitor
Mouth ulcer
A mouth ulcer (aphtha) is an ulcer that occurs on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity.
Myalgia
Myalgia or muscle pain is a painful sensation evolving from muscle tissue.
Myocardial infarction
A myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops in one of the coronary arteries of the heart, causing infarction (tissue death) to the heart muscle.
See Nicotine and Myocardial infarction
Myosmine
Myosmine is an alkaloid found in tobacco and other plants. Nicotine and Myosmine are 3-Pyridyl compounds, alkaloids found in Nicotiana, nicotinic agonists and pyridine alkaloids.
N-Nitrosonornicotine
N-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) is a tobacco-specific nitrosamine produced during the curing and processing of tobacco. Nicotine and n-Nitrosonornicotine are 3-Pyridyl compounds.
See Nicotine and N-Nitrosonornicotine
Nasal administration
Nasal administration, popularly known as snorting, is a route of administration in which drugs are insufflated through the nose.
See Nicotine and Nasal administration
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM), also known as the National Academies, is a congressionally chartered organization that serves as the collective scientific national academy of the United States.
See Nicotine and National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) is the United States federal agency responsible for conducting research and making recommendations for the prevention of work-related injury and illness.
See Nicotine and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
Natural product
A natural product is a natural compound or substance produced by a living organism—that is, found in nature.
See Nicotine and Natural product
Nausea
Nausea is a diffuse sensation of unease and discomfort, sometimes perceived as an urge to vomit.
Neonicotinoid
Neonicotinoids (sometimes shortened to neonics) are a class of neuro-active insecticides chemically similar to nicotine, developed by scientists at Shell and Bayer in the 1980s.
See Nicotine and Neonicotinoid
Neovascularization
Neovascularization is the natural formation of new blood vessels (neo- + vascular + -ization), usually in the form of functional microvascular networks, capable of perfusion by red blood cells, that form to serve as collateral circulation in response to local poor perfusion or ischemia.
See Nicotine and Neovascularization
Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5
The neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5, or alpha-5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α5 nAChR) also known as the α5 receptor is a type of ligand gated neuronal type subunit of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor involved in pain regulation encoded in the human by the CHRNA5 gene.
See Nicotine and Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5
Neurotransmission
Neurotransmission (Latin: transmissio "passage, crossing" from transmittere "send, let through") is the process by which signaling molecules called neurotransmitters are released by the axon terminal of a neuron (the presynaptic neuron), and bind to and react with the receptors on the dendrites of another neuron (the postsynaptic neuron) a short distance away.
See Nicotine and Neurotransmission
Neurotransmitter
A neurotransmitter is a signaling molecule secreted by a neuron to affect another cell across a synapse.
See Nicotine and Neurotransmitter
Niacin
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a vitamer ofvitamin B3, an essential human nutrient. Nicotine and Niacin are 3-Pyridyl compounds.
Nick O'Teen
Nick O'Teen is a fictional supervillain from British anti-smoking public service announcements in the 1980s, created by Saatchi & Saatchi and the Health Education Council of London in collaboration with DC Comics.
Nicotiana
Nicotiana is a genus of herbaceous plants and shrubs in the family Solanaceae, that is indigenous to the Americas, Australia, Southwestern Africa and the South Pacific.
Nicotiana rustica
Nicotiana rustica, commonly known as Aztec tobacco or strong tobacco, is a rainforest plant in the family Solanaceae native to South America. Nicotine and Nicotiana rustica are plant toxin insecticides.
See Nicotine and Nicotiana rustica
Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotiana tabacum, or cultivated tobacco, is an annually grown herbaceous plant of the genus Nicotiana.
See Nicotine and Nicotiana tabacum
Nicotinamidase
In enzymology, a nicotinamidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are nicotinamide and H2O, whereas its two products are nicotinate and NH3.
See Nicotine and Nicotinamidase
Nicotinamide
Niacinamide or nicotinamide is a form of vitamin B3 found in food and used as a dietary supplement and medication.
Nicotine dependence
Nicotine dependence is a state of dependence upon nicotine. Nicotine and nicotine dependence are smoking.
See Nicotine and Nicotine dependence
Nicotine gum
Nicotine gum is a chewing gum containing the active ingredient nicotine polacrilex.
Nicotine lozenge
A nicotine lozenge is a modified-release dosage tablet (usually flavored) that contains a dose of nicotine polacrilex, which dissolves slowly in the mouth to release nicotine over the course of 20 to 30 minutes.
See Nicotine and Nicotine lozenge
Nicotine marketing
Nicotine marketing is the marketing of nicotine-containing products or use.
See Nicotine and Nicotine marketing
Nicotine nasal spray
A nicotine nasal spray is a nasal spray that contains a small dose of nicotine, which enters the blood by being absorbed through the lining of the nose. Nicotine and nicotine nasal spray are smoking and stimulants.
See Nicotine and Nicotine nasal spray
Nicotine patch
A nicotine patch is a transdermal patch that releases nicotine into the body through the skin.
See Nicotine and Nicotine patch
Nicotine poisoning
Nicotine poisoning describes the symptoms of the toxic effects of nicotine following ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact.
See Nicotine and Nicotine poisoning
Nicotine replacement therapy
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a medically approved way to treat people with tobacco use disorder by taking nicotine through means other than tobacco. Nicotine and nicotine replacement therapy are drugs developed by GSK plc.
See Nicotine and Nicotine replacement therapy
Nicotine salt
Nicotine salts are salts formed from nicotine and an acid. Nicotine and nicotine salt are stimulants.
See Nicotine and Nicotine salt
Nicotini
A nicotini is any alcoholic drink which includes nicotine as an ingredient.
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, or nAChRs, are receptor polypeptides that respond to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
See Nicotine and Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
Nitrosation
Nitrosation is a process of converting organic compounds into nitroso derivatives, i.e., compounds containing the R-NO functionality.
Nootropic
Nootropics (or; but not or, which are common mispronunciations), colloquially brain supplements, smart drugs and cognitive enhancers, are natural, semisynthetic or synthetic compounds which purportedly improve cognitive functions, such as executive functions, attention or memory.
Nucleotide base
Nucleotide bases (also nucleobases, nitrogenous bases) are nitrogen-containing biological compounds that form nucleosides, which, in turn, are components of nucleotides, with all of these monomers constituting the basic building blocks of nucleic acids.
See Nicotine and Nucleotide base
Nucleus accumbens
The nucleus accumbens (NAc or NAcc; also known as the accumbens nucleus, or formerly as the nucleus accumbens septi, Latin for 'nucleus adjacent to the septum') is a region in the basal forebrain rostral to the preoptic area of the hypothalamus.
See Nicotine and Nucleus accumbens
Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition, sometimes considered a disease, in which excess body fat has accumulated to such an extent that it can potentially have negative effects on health.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is a regulatory agency of the United States Department of Labor that originally had federal visitorial powers to inspect and examine workplaces.
See Nicotine and Occupational Safety and Health Administration
Optical rotation
Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials.
See Nicotine and Optical rotation
Oral administration
| name.
See Nicotine and Oral administration
Oral mucosa
The oral mucosa is the mucous membrane lining the inside of the mouth.
Ornithine
Ornithine is a non-proteinogenic α-amino acid that plays a role in the urea cycle.
Ornithine decarboxylase
The enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyzes the decarboxylation of ornithine (a product of the urea cycle) to form putrescine.
See Nicotine and Ornithine decarboxylase
Outcrossing
Out-crossing or out-breeding is the technique of crossing between different breeds.
Over-the-counter drug
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a requirement for a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be supplied only to consumers possessing a valid prescription.
See Nicotine and Over-the-counter drug
Pallor
Pallor is a pale color of the skin that can be caused by illness, emotional shock or stress, stimulant use, or anemia, and is the result of a reduced amount of oxyhaemoglobin and may also be visible as pallor of the conjunctivae of the eyes on physical examination.
Palpitations
Palpitations are perceived abnormalities of the heartbeat characterized by awareness of cardiac muscle contractions in the chest, which is further characterized by the hard, fast and/or irregular beatings of the heart.
Paracetamol
Paracetamol (acetaminophen) is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain.
Paradoxical reaction
A paradoxical reaction (or paradoxical effect) is an effect of a chemical substance, such as a medical drug, that is opposite to what would usually be expected.
See Nicotine and Paradoxical reaction
Paresthesia
Paresthesia is an abnormal sensation of the skin (tingling, pricking, chilling, burning, numbness) with no apparent physical cause.
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city of France.
Parkinson's disease
Parkinson's disease (PD), or simply Parkinson's, is a long-term neurodegenerative disease of mainly the central nervous system that affects both the motor and non-motor systems of the body.
See Nicotine and Parkinson's disease
Parotid gland
The parotid gland is a major salivary gland in many animals.
See Nicotine and Parotid gland
Parts-per notation
In science and engineering, the parts-per notation is a set of pseudo-units to describe small values of miscellaneous dimensionless quantities, e.g. mole fraction or mass fraction.
See Nicotine and Parts-per notation
Passive smoking
Passive smoking is the inhalation of tobacco smoke, called passive smoke, secondhand smoke (SHS) or environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), by individuals other than the active smoker. Nicotine and passive smoking are smoking.
See Nicotine and Passive smoking
Paul Nesbitt
Paul Nesbitt (April 3, 1872July 22, 1950) was an American politician, who served as Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives.
Pentazocine
Pentazocine, sold under the brand name Talwin among others, is a painkiller used to treat moderate to severe pain.
Performance-enhancing substance
Performance-enhancing substances, also known as performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs), are substances that are used to improve any form of activity performance in humans.
See Nicotine and Performance-enhancing substance
Permissible exposure limit
The permissible exposure limit (PEL or OSHA PEL) is a legal limit in the United States for exposure of an employee to a chemical substance or physical agent such as high level noise.
See Nicotine and Permissible exposure limit
PH
In chemistry, pH, also referred to as acidity or basicity, historically denotes "potential of hydrogen" (or "power of hydrogen").
See Nicotine and PH
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacodynamics (PD) is the study of the biochemical and physiologic effects of drugs (especially pharmaceutical drugs).
See Nicotine and Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetics (from Ancient Greek pharmakon "drug" and kinetikos "moving, putting in motion"; see chemical kinetics), sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to describing how the body affects a specific substance after administration.
See Nicotine and Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Pharmacology & Therapeutics is a medical review journal published by Elsevier.
See Nicotine and Pharmacology & Therapeutics
Pharmacotherapy
Pharmacotherapy, also known as pharmacological therapy or drug therapy, is defined as medical treatment that utilizes one or more pharmaceutical drugs to improve ongoing symptoms (symptomatic relief), treat the underlying condition, or act as a prevention for other diseases (prophylaxis).
See Nicotine and Pharmacotherapy
Phosphorylation
In biochemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion.
See Nicotine and Phosphorylation
Photoactivatable probes
Photoactivatable probes, or caged probes, are cellular players (proteins, nucleic acids, small molecules) that can be triggered by a flash of light.
See Nicotine and Photoactivatable probes
Physical dependence
Physical dependence is a physical condition caused by chronic use of a tolerance-forming drug, in which abrupt or gradual drug withdrawal causes unpleasant physical symptoms.
See Nicotine and Physical dependence
Pipe smoking
Pipe smoking is the practice of tasting (or, less commonly, inhaling) the smoke produced by burning a substance, most commonly tobacco or cannabis, in a pipe. Nicotine and pipe smoking are smoking.
Placebo
A placebo is a substance or treatment which is designed to have no therapeutic value.
Placenta
The placenta (placentas or placentae) is a temporary embryonic and later fetal organ that begins developing from the blastocyst shortly after implantation.
Plant defense against herbivory
Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance (HPR) is a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores.
See Nicotine and Plant defense against herbivory
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic, is a country located on the Iberian Peninsula in Southwestern Europe, whose territory also includes the Macaronesian archipelagos of the Azores and Madeira.
Potato
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world.
Prescription drug
A prescription drug (also prescription medication, prescription medicine or prescription-only medication) is a pharmaceutical drug that is permitted to be dispensed only to those with a medical prescription.
See Nicotine and Prescription drug
Programmed cell death
Programmed cell death (PCD; sometimes referred to as cellular suicide) is the death of a cell as a result of events inside of a cell, such as apoptosis or autophagy.
See Nicotine and Programmed cell death
Proopiomelanocortin
Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is a precursor polypeptide with 241 amino acid residues.
See Nicotine and Proopiomelanocortin
Protein c-Fos
Protein c-Fos is a proto-oncogene that is the human homolog of the retroviral oncogene v-fos.
See Nicotine and Protein c-Fos
Protein isoform
A protein isoform, or "protein variant", is a member of a set of highly similar proteins that originate from a single gene or gene family and are the result of genetic differences.
See Nicotine and Protein isoform
Psychological dependence
Psychological dependence is a cognitive disorder that involves emotional–motivational withdrawal symptoms – such as anxiety or anhedonia – upon cessation of prolonged drug abuse or certain repetitive behaviors.
See Nicotine and Psychological dependence
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology (from Greek label; label; and label) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, behavior, judgment and evaluation, and memory.
See Nicotine and Psychopharmacology
PubChem
PubChem is a database of chemical molecules and their activities against biological assays.
Public service announcement
A public service announcement (PSA) is a message in the public interest disseminated by the media without charge to raise public awareness and change behavior.
See Nicotine and Public service announcement
Putrescine
Putrescine is an organic compound with the formula (CH2)4(NH2)2.
Putrescine N-methyltransferase
In enzymology, a putrescine N-methyltransferase is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are S-adenosyl methionine and putrescine, whereas its two products are S-adenosylhomocysteine and N-methylputrescine.
See Nicotine and Putrescine N-methyltransferase
Pyridine
Pyridine is a basic heterocyclic organic compound with the chemical formula.
Pyrrole
Pyrrole is a heterocyclic, aromatic, organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula.
Pyrrolidine
Pyrrolidine, also known as tetrahydropyrrole, is an organic compound with the molecular formula (CH2)4NH.
Quinolinic acid
Quinolinic acid (abbreviated QUIN or QA), also known as pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with a pyridine backbone.
See Nicotine and Quinolinic acid
Racemic mixture
In chemistry, a racemic mixture or racemate is one that has equal amounts of left- and right-handed enantiomers of a chiral molecule or salt.
See Nicotine and Racemic mixture
Rapid eye movement sleep
Rapid eye movement sleep (REM sleep or REMS) is a unique phase of sleep in mammals (including humans) and birds, characterized by random rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone throughout the body, and the propensity of the sleeper to dream vividly.
See Nicotine and Rapid eye movement sleep
Receptor antagonist
A receptor antagonist is a type of receptor ligand or drug that blocks or dampens a biological response by binding to and blocking a receptor rather than activating it like an agonist.
See Nicotine and Receptor antagonist
Recommended exposure limit
A recommended exposure limit (REL) is an occupational exposure limit that has been recommended by the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
See Nicotine and Recommended exposure limit
Recreational drug use
Recreational drug use is the use of one or more psychoactive drugs to induce an altered state of consciousness, either for pleasure or for some other casual purpose or pastime.
See Nicotine and Recreational drug use
Respiratory failure
Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels.
See Nicotine and Respiratory failure
Rhinitis
Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose.
Richard Wolffenstein (chemist)
Richard Wolffenstein (21 August 1864 – 5 June 1926) was a German chemist.
See Nicotine and Richard Wolffenstein (chemist)
Route of administration
In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body.
See Nicotine and Route of administration
Saliva
Saliva (commonly referred to as spit or drool) is an extracellular fluid produced and secreted by salivary glands in the mouth.
Salt (chemistry)
In chemistry, a salt or ionic compound is a chemical compound consisting of an assembly of positively charged ions (cations) and negatively charged ions (anions), which results in a compound with no net electric charge (electrically neutral).
See Nicotine and Salt (chemistry)
Sarcoma
A sarcoma is a malignant tumor, a type of cancer that arises from cells of mesenchymal (connective tissue) origin.
Secondary metabolite
Secondary metabolites, also called specialised metabolites, toxins, secondary products, or natural products, are organic compounds produced by any lifeform, e.g. bacteria, fungi, animals, or plants, which are not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism.
See Nicotine and Secondary metabolite
Sedative
A sedative or tranquilliser is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability or excitement.
Seizure
A seizure is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Shortness of breath
Shortness of breath (SOB), known as dyspnea (in AmE) or dyspnoea (in BrE), is an uncomfortable feeling of not being able to breathe well enough.
See Nicotine and Shortness of breath
Sigmatropic reaction
A sigmatropic reaction in organic chemistry is a pericyclic reaction wherein the net result is one σ-bond is changed to another σ-bond in an uncatalyzed intramolecular reaction.
See Nicotine and Sigmatropic reaction
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms are the observed or detectable signs, and experienced symptoms of an illness, injury, or condition.
See Nicotine and Signs and symptoms
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal muscle (commonly referred to as muscle) is one of the three types of vertebrate muscle tissue, the other being cardiac muscle and smooth muscle.
See Nicotine and Skeletal muscle
Sleep onset latency
In sleep science, sleep onset latency (SOL) is the length of time that it takes to accomplish the transition from full wakefulness to sleep, normally to the lightest of the non-REM sleep stages.
See Nicotine and Sleep onset latency
Slow-wave sleep
Slow-wave sleep (SWS), often referred to as deep sleep, is the third stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), where electroencephalography activity is characterised by slow delta waves.
See Nicotine and Slow-wave sleep
Smoking
Smoking is a practice in which a substance is combusted and the resulting smoke is typically inhaled to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream of a person.
Smoking cessation
Smoking cessation, usually called quitting smoking or stopping smoking, is the process of discontinuing tobacco smoking. Nicotine and smoking cessation are smoking.
See Nicotine and Smoking cessation
Snuff (tobacco)
Snuff is a type of smokeless tobacco product made from finely ground or pulverized tobacco leaves. Nicotine and Snuff (tobacco) are smoking.
See Nicotine and Snuff (tobacco)
Snus
Snus is a tobacco product (in Scandinavia) and non-tobacco nicotine product (outside of Scandinavia; often marketed as nicotine pouches) consumed by placing a pouch of powdered tobacco leaves or powdered non-tobacco plant fibers under your lip for nicotine to be absorbed through the oral mucosa.
Solanaceae
The Solanaceae, or the nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and ornamentals.
Somatic nervous system
The somatic nervous system (SNS) is made up of nerves that link the brain and spinal cord to voluntary or skeletal muscles that are under conscious control as well as to skin sensory receptors.
See Nicotine and Somatic nervous system
Somnolence
Somnolence (alternatively sleepiness or drowsiness) is a state of strong desire for sleep, or sleeping for unusually long periods (compare hypersomnia).
Specific rotation
In chemistry, specific rotation is a property of a chiral chemical compound.
See Nicotine and Specific rotation
Splanchnic nerves
The splanchnic nerves are paired visceral nerves (nerves that contribute to the innervation of the internal organs), carrying fibers of the autonomic nervous system (visceral efferent fibers) as well as sensory fibers from the organs (visceral afferent fibers).
See Nicotine and Splanchnic nerves
Stillbirth
Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 20 or 28 weeks of pregnancy, depending on the source.
Stimulant
Stimulants (also known as central nervous system stimulants, or psychostimulants, or colloquially as uppers) are a class of drugs that increase the activity of the brain. Nicotine and stimulant are stimulants.
Striatum
The striatum (striata) or corpus striatum is a cluster of interconnected nuclei that make up the largest structure of the subcortical basal ganglia.
Stroke
Stroke (also known as a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or brain attack) is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain causes cell death.
Structural isomer
In chemistry, a structural isomer (or constitutional isomer in the IUPAC nomenclature) of a compound is another compound whose molecule has the same number of atoms of each element, but with logically distinct bonds between them.
See Nicotine and Structural isomer
Substance dependence
Substance dependence, also known as drug dependence, is a biopsychological situation whereby an individual's functionality is dependent on the necessitated re-consumption of a psychoactive substance because of an adaptive state that has developed within the individual from psychoactive substance consumption that results in the experience of withdrawal and that necessitates the re-consumption of the drug.
See Nicotine and Substance dependence
Superman
Superman is a superhero who appears in American comic books published by DC Comics.
Suppository
A suppository is a dosage form used to deliver medications by insertion into a body orifice (any opening in the body), where it dissolves or melts to exert local or systemic effects.
Surgeon General of the United States
The surgeon general of the United States is the operational head of the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps (PHSCC) and thus the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the federal government of the United States.
See Nicotine and Surgeon General of the United States
Sympathetic nervous system
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS) is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the others being the parasympathetic nervous system and the enteric nervous system.
See Nicotine and Sympathetic nervous system
Sympatholytic
A sympatholytic (sympathoplegic) drug is a medication that opposes the downstream effects of postganglionic nerve firing in effector organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
See Nicotine and Sympatholytic
Sympathomimetic drug
Sympathomimetic drugs (also known as adrenergic drugs and adrenergic amines) are stimulant compounds which mimic the effects of endogenous agonists of the sympathetic nervous system.
See Nicotine and Sympathomimetic drug
Syncope (medicine)
Syncope, commonly known as fainting or passing out, is a loss of consciousness and muscle strength characterized by a fast onset, short duration, and spontaneous recovery.
See Nicotine and Syncope (medicine)
Tachycardia
Tachycardia, also called tachyarrhythmia, is a heart rate that exceeds the normal resting rate.
Tachypnea
Tachypnea, also spelt tachypnoea, is a respiratory rate greater than normal, resulting in abnormally rapid and shallow breathing.
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMD, TMJD) is an umbrella term covering pain and dysfunction of the muscles of mastication (the muscles that move the jaw) and the temporomandibular joints (the joints which connect the mandible to the skull).
See Nicotine and Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Teratology
Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development in organisms during their life span. Nicotine and Teratology are Teratogens.
The New Yorker
The New Yorker is an American magazine featuring journalism, commentary, criticism, essays, fiction, satire, cartoons, and poetry.
See Nicotine and The New Yorker
Theophylline
Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors.
Tobacco
Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus Nicotiana of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. Nicotine and Tobacco are nicotinic agonists.
Tobacco control
Tobacco control is a field of international public health science, policy and practice dedicated to addressing tobacco use and thereby reducing the morbidity and mortality it causes.
See Nicotine and Tobacco control
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) comprise one of the most important groups of carcinogens in tobacco products, particularly cigarettes (traditional and electronic) and fermented dipping snuff.
See Nicotine and Tobacco-specific nitrosamines
Tomato
The tomato is the edible berry of the plant Solanum lycopersicum, commonly known as the tomato plant.
Toxicity
Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism.
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology is a semi-monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research pertaining to the action of chemicals, drugs, or natural products on animals or humans.
See Nicotine and Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Transdermal
Transdermal is a route of administration wherein active ingredients are delivered across the skin for systemic distribution.
Transdermal patch
A transdermal patch is a medicated adhesive patch that is placed on the skin to deliver a specific dose of medication through the skin and into the bloodstream.
See Nicotine and Transdermal patch
Tremor
A tremor is an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle contraction and relaxation involving oscillations or twitching movements of one or more body parts.
Tricyclic antidepressant
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are a class of medications that are used primarily as antidepressants.
See Nicotine and Tricyclic antidepressant
Tumor promotion
Tumor promotion is a process in carcinogenesis by which various factors permit the descendants of a single initiated cell to survive and expand in number, i.e. to resist apoptosis and to undergo clonal growth.
See Nicotine and Tumor promotion
Type 2 diabetes
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin.
See Nicotine and Type 2 diabetes
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
Upper respiratory tract infection
An upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) is an illness caused by an acute infection, which involves the upper respiratory tract, including the nose, sinuses, pharynx, larynx or trachea.
See Nicotine and Upper respiratory tract infection
Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in humans and in many other animals.
Urine flow rate
Urine flow rate or urinary flow rate is the volumetric flow rate of urine during urination.
See Nicotine and Urine flow rate
Uterus
The uterus (from Latin uterus,: uteri) or womb is the organ in the reproductive system of most female mammals, including humans, that accommodates the embryonic and fetal development of one or more embryos until birth.
Vapor pressure
Vapor pressure or equilibrium vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by a vapor in thermodynamic equilibrium with its condensed phases (solid or liquid) at a given temperature in a closed system.
See Nicotine and Vapor pressure
Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles.
See Nicotine and Vasoconstriction
Vasodilation
Vasodilation, also known as vasorelaxation, is the widening of blood vessels.
Ventral tegmental area
The ventral tegmental area (VTA) (tegmentum is Latin for covering), also known as the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, or simply ventral tegmentum, is a group of neurons located close to the midline on the floor of the midbrain.
See Nicotine and Ventral tegmental area
Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
Weakness
Weakness is a symptom of many different medical conditions.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Xylometazoline
Xylometazoline, also spelled xylomethazoline, is a medication used to reduce symptoms of nasal congestion, allergic rhinitis, and sinusitis.
See Nicotine and Xylometazoline
Yerkes–Dodson law
The Yerkes–Dodson law is an empirical relationship between arousal and performance, originally developed by psychologists Robert M. Yerkes and John Dillingham Dodson in 1908.
See Nicotine and Yerkes–Dodson law
6-Chloronicotine
6-Chloronicotine is a drug which acts as an agonist at neural nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Nicotine and 6-Chloronicotine are nicotinic agonists.
See Nicotine and 6-Chloronicotine
See also
Alkaloids found in Erythroxylum coca
Alkaloids found in Nicotiana
- Anabasine
- Cotinine
- Harmine
- Myosmine
- Nicotine
- Nornicotine
Plant toxin insecticides
- Achlys (plant)
- Ageratum conyzoides
- Allium roseum
- Allium validum
- Anabasine
- Annonin
- Azadirachtin
- Brickellia veronicifolia
- Caffeine
- Carapa
- Cascabela thevetia
- Castela emoryi
- Catnip
- Chrysopogon zizanioides
- Cinnamaldehyde
- Deguelin
- Derris elliptica
- Gene silencing pesticide
- Linalool
- List of beneficial weeds
- List of pest-repelling plants
- Myristicin
- Neem cake
- Neem oil
- Nicotiana rustica
- Nicotine
- Orange oil
- Peganum harmala
- Persian powder
- Polyketide
- Pyrethrin
- Pyrethrum
- Quassia
- Quercus libani
- Rotenone
- Tansy
- Tetranortriterpenoid
- Tobacco water
- Trichostema lanceolatum
Pregnane X receptor agonists
- 17α-Hydroxypregnenolone
- 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone
- 5α-Dihydroprogesterone
- 5β-Dihydroprogesterone
- 5-Androstenedione
- Allopregnanediol
- Allopregnanolone
- Androstenediol
- Androstenedione
- Cafestol
- Corticosterone
- Cyproterone acetate
- Dehydroepiandrosterone
- Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
- Dexamethasone
- Guggulsterone
- Hyperforin
- Hypericum perforatum
- Meclizine
- Mifepristone
- Nicotine
- Paclitaxel
- Prasterone
- Prasterone enanthate
- Prasterone sulfate
- Pregnanolone
- Pregnenolone
- Pregnenolone (medication)
- Pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile
- Progesterone
- Progesterone (medication)
- Rifampicin
- Rifaximin
- Ritonavir
- Spironolactone
Pyridine alkaloids
- 3-Alkylpyridinium
- Actinidine
- Anabaseine
- Anabasine
- Anatabine
- Cotinine
- Darienine
- Epibatidine
- Myosmine
- Nicotine
- Nicotyrine
- Nornicotine
- Pyridine alkaloids
Pyrrolidine alkaloids
- Aknadinine
- Coerulescine
- Cuscohygrine
- Hasubanan
- Horsfiline
- Hygrine
- Lycoctonine
- Neoxaline
- Nicotine
- Penochalasin A
- Plakoridine A
- Pyrrolidine alkaloids
References
Also known as ATC code N07BA01, ATCvet code QN07BA01, ATCvet code QP53AX13, Biosynthesis of nicotine, Black Leaf, Black Leaf 40, Campbell's Nico-Soap, Destruxol Orchid Spray, Developmental effects of nicotine, EC 200-193-3, Emo-Nik, Flux Maag, Fumetobac, Mach-Nic, Niagara P.A. Dust, Nic-Sal, Nico-Dust, Nico-Fume, Nicocide, Nicoderm Cq, Nicorette Plus, Nicotene, Nicotin, Nicotine Addiction, Nicotine alkaloids, Nicotine sulfate, Nicotrol Inhaler, Nicotrol Ns, Nikotin, Nikotyna, Ortho N-4 Dust, Ortho N-5 Dust, Tendust, Tobacco addiction.
, Chewing tobacco, Chirality, Chirality (chemistry), CHRNA10, CHRNA9, Chromaffin cell, Chromosome abnormality, Cigar, Cigarette, Circulatory system, Cochrane (organisation), Coma, Comet assay, Confusion, Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022, Contraindication, Cotinine, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, Cytochrome P450, D1-like receptor, Dalton (unit), DC Comics, Deamination, Decarboxylation, Dementia, Depression (mood), Development of the nervous system, Dextropropoxyphene, DNA damage (naturally occurring), Dopamine, Dosage form, Dose (biochemistry), Dose–response relationship, Drug metabolism, Drug withdrawal, Duboisia hopwoodii, Eggplant, Electronic cigarette, Empirical formula, Enantiomer, Energy expenditure, Epidermal growth factor, Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, Erythema, Euphoria, Europe, Excretion, Exocytosis, Flash point, Flatulence, Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, Food and Drug Administration, FOSB, FOSL1, FOSL2, France, Free base, Gene expression, Genotoxicity, Germany, Ghrelin, Glucuronidation, Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, Green Tobacco Sickness, Growth factor, Harm reduction, Hazardous Substances Data Bank, Heart rate, Histone deacetylase, Hormone, Human brain, Hygroscopy, Hypersalivation, Hypersensitivity, Hypertension, Hypotension, Imidacloprid, Immediately dangerous to life or health, Immune system, In vivo, Indigestion, Infertility, Inhalation, Insecticide, Insomnia, Insufflation (medicine), International Agency for Research on Cancer, Ischemia, Isomer, Itch, Jasmonate, Jean Nicot, Kidney, Kilogram, Ligand (biochemistry), List of common misconceptions, List of tobacco products, Liver, Louis Melsens, Lymphocyte, Major depressive disorder, Mammal, Manduca sexta, McMaster University, Median lethal dose, Medication, Medium spiny neuron, Menthol, Menthol cigarette, Mesolimbic pathway, Metabolism, Metered-dose inhaler, Methylamine, Methylation, Microgram, Micronucleus test, Miscarriage, Miscibility, Mitogen, Monoamine oxidase inhibitor, Mouth ulcer, Myalgia, Myocardial infarction, Myosmine, N-Nitrosonornicotine, Nasal administration, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Natural product, Nausea, Neonicotinoid, Neovascularization, Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha-5, Neurotransmission, Neurotransmitter, Niacin, Nick O'Teen, Nicotiana, Nicotiana rustica, Nicotiana tabacum, Nicotinamidase, Nicotinamide, Nicotine dependence, Nicotine gum, Nicotine lozenge, Nicotine marketing, Nicotine nasal spray, Nicotine patch, Nicotine poisoning, Nicotine replacement therapy, Nicotine salt, Nicotini, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Nitrosation, Nootropic, Nucleotide base, Nucleus accumbens, Obesity, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Optical rotation, Oral administration, Oral mucosa, Ornithine, Ornithine decarboxylase, Outcrossing, Over-the-counter drug, Pallor, Palpitations, Paracetamol, Paradoxical reaction, Paresthesia, Paris, Parkinson's disease, Parotid gland, Parts-per notation, Passive smoking, Paul Nesbitt, Pentazocine, Performance-enhancing substance, Permissible exposure limit, PH, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Pharmacotherapy, Phosphorylation, Photoactivatable probes, Physical dependence, Pipe smoking, Placebo, Placenta, Plant defense against herbivory, Portugal, Potato, Prescription drug, Programmed cell death, Proopiomelanocortin, Protein c-Fos, Protein isoform, Psychological dependence, Psychopharmacology, PubChem, Public service announcement, Putrescine, Putrescine N-methyltransferase, Pyridine, Pyrrole, Pyrrolidine, Quinolinic acid, Racemic mixture, Rapid eye movement sleep, Receptor antagonist, Recommended exposure limit, Recreational drug use, Respiratory failure, Rhinitis, Richard Wolffenstein (chemist), Route of administration, Saliva, Salt (chemistry), Sarcoma, Secondary metabolite, Sedative, Seizure, Shortness of breath, Sigmatropic reaction, Signs and symptoms, Skeletal muscle, Sleep onset latency, Slow-wave sleep, Smoking, Smoking cessation, Snuff (tobacco), Snus, Solanaceae, Somatic nervous system, Somnolence, Specific rotation, Splanchnic nerves, Stillbirth, Stimulant, Striatum, Stroke, Structural isomer, Substance dependence, Superman, Suppository, Surgeon General of the United States, Sympathetic nervous system, Sympatholytic, Sympathomimetic drug, Syncope (medicine), Tachycardia, Tachypnea, Temporomandibular joint dysfunction, Teratology, The New Yorker, Theophylline, Tobacco, Tobacco control, Tobacco-specific nitrosamines, Tomato, Toxicity, Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Transdermal, Transdermal patch, Tremor, Tricyclic antidepressant, Tumor promotion, Type 2 diabetes, Ultraviolet, Upper respiratory tract infection, Urine, Urine flow rate, Uterus, Vapor pressure, Vasoconstriction, Vasodilation, Ventral tegmental area, Water, Weakness, World War II, Xylometazoline, Yerkes–Dodson law, 6-Chloronicotine.