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Planets beyond Neptune

Index Planets beyond Neptune

Following the discovery of the planet Neptune in 1846, there was considerable speculation that another planet might exist beyond its orbit. [1]

Table of Contents

  1. 163 relations: A. Lawrence Lowell, Alan Stern, Albedo, Alexis Bouvard, Apparent magnitude, Apparent retrograde motion, Apsis, Arequipa, Argument of periapsis, Armin Otto Leuschner, Asteroid, Astronomical unit, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Atacama Large Millimeter Array, Backyard Worlds, Blink comparator, Brahma, Brian G. Marsden, Camille Flammarion, Cartesian coordinate system, Cassini–Huygens, Chad Trujillo, Charon (moon), Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters, Classical mechanics, Clearing the neighbourhood, Clyde Tombaugh, CNN, Comet, Comet Swift–Tuttle, Complutense University of Madrid, David C. Jewitt, David Peck Todd, Detached object, Dwarf planet, E. Myles Standish, Earth, Ecliptic, Ernest William Brown, Errors and residuals, Europa (moon), Extreme trans-Neptunian object, Fictional planets of the Solar System, Flagstaff, Arizona, Galactic tide, Galilean moons, Ganymede (moon), Gas giant, George Biddell Airy, George Forbes (scientist), ... Expand index (113 more) »

  2. Astronomical controversies
  3. Early scientific cosmologies
  4. Hypothetical bodies of the Solar System
  5. Hypothetical planets
  6. Hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects
  7. Planets of the Solar System
  8. Pluto's planethood
  9. Solar System dynamic theories
  10. Trans-Neptunian objects

A. Lawrence Lowell

Abbott Lawrence Lowell (December 13, 1856 – January 6, 1943) was an American educator and legal scholar.

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Alan Stern

Sol Alan Stern (born November 22, 1957) is an American engineer, planetary scientist and space tourist. Planets beyond Neptune and Alan Stern are Pluto's planethood.

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Albedo

Albedo is the fraction of sunlight that is diffusely reflected by a body.

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Alexis Bouvard

Alexis Bouvard (27 June 1767 – 7 June 1843) was a French astronomer.

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Apparent magnitude

Apparent magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a star or other astronomical object.

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Apparent retrograde motion

Apparent retrograde motion is the apparent motion of a planet in a direction opposite to that of other bodies within its system, as observed from a particular vantage point.

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Apsis

An apsis is the farthest or nearest point in the orbit of a planetary body about its primary body.

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Arequipa

Arequipa (Aymara and Ariqipa), also known by its nicknames of Ciudad Blanca (Spanish for "White City") and León del Sur (Spanish for "Lion of the South"), is a city in Peru and the capital of the eponymous province and department.

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Argument of periapsis

The argument of periapsis (also called argument of perifocus or argument of pericenter), symbolized as ω (omega), is one of the orbital elements of an orbiting body.

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Armin Otto Leuschner

Armin Otto Leuschner (January 16, 1868 – April 22, 1953) was an American astronomer and educator.

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Asteroid

An asteroid is a minor planet—an object that is neither a true planet nor an identified comet— that orbits within the inner Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and asteroid are solar System.

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Astronomical unit

The astronomical unit (symbol: au, or AU) is a unit of length defined to be exactly equal to.

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Astronomy & Astrophysics

Astronomy & Astrophysics (A&A) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering theoretical, observational, and instrumental astronomy and astrophysics.

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Atacama Large Millimeter Array

The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) is an astronomical interferometer of 66 radio telescopes in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile, which observe electromagnetic radiation at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths.

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Backyard Worlds

Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 is a NASA-funded citizen science project which is part of the Zooniverse web portal.

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A blink comparator is a viewing apparatus formerly used by astronomers to find differences between two photographs of the night sky.

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Brahma

Brahma (ब्रह्मा) is a Hindu god, referred to as "the Creator" within the Trimurti, the trinity of supreme divinity that includes Vishnu and Shiva.

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Brian G. Marsden

Brian Geoffrey Marsden (5 August 1937 – 18 November 2010) was a British astronomer and the longtime director of the Minor Planet Center (MPC) at the Center for Astrophysics ! Harvard & Smithsonian (director emeritus from 2006 to 2010).

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Camille Flammarion

Nicolas Camille Flammarion FRAS (26 February 1842 – 3 June 1925) was a French astronomer and author.

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Cartesian coordinate system

In geometry, a Cartesian coordinate system in a plane is a coordinate system that specifies each point uniquely by a pair of real numbers called coordinates, which are the signed distances to the point from two fixed perpendicular oriented lines, called coordinate lines, coordinate axes or just axes (plural of axis) of the system.

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Cassini–Huygens

Cassini–Huygens, commonly called Cassini, was a space-research mission by NASA, the European Space Agency (ESA), and the Italian Space Agency (ASI) to send a space probe to study the planet Saturn and its system, including its rings and natural satellites.

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Chad Trujillo

Chadwick A. Trujillo (born November 22, 1973) is an American astronomer, discoverer of minor planets and the co-discoverer of Eris, the most massive dwarf planet known in the Solar System.

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Charon (moon)

Charon, or (134340) Pluto I, is the largest of the five known natural satellites of the dwarf planet Pluto.

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Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters

Christian Heinrich Friedrich Peters (September 19, 1813 – July 18, 1890) was a German–American astronomer and professor at Hamilton College, New York, and a pioneer in the study and visual discovery of asteroids.

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Classical mechanics

Classical mechanics is a physical theory describing the motion of objects such as projectiles, parts of machinery, spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies.

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Clearing the neighbourhood

"Clearing the neighbourhood" (or dynamical dominance) around a celestial body's orbit describes the body becoming gravitationally dominant such that there are no other bodies of comparable size other than its natural satellites or those otherwise under its gravitational influence. Planets beyond Neptune and Clearing the neighbourhood are astronomical controversies, Pluto's planethood and solar System.

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Clyde Tombaugh

Clyde William Tombaugh (February 4, 1906 January 17, 1997) was an American astronomer.

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CNN

Cable News Network (CNN) is a multinational news channel and website operating from Midtown Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Founded in 1980 by American media proprietor Ted Turner and Reese Schonfeld as a 24-hour cable news channel, and presently owned by the Manhattan-based media conglomerate Warner Bros. Discovery (WBD), CNN was the first television channel to provide 24-hour news coverage and the first all-news television channel in the United States.

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Comet

A comet is an icy, small Solar System body that warms and begins to release gases when passing close to the Sun, a process called outgassing. Planets beyond Neptune and comet are solar System.

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Comet Swift–Tuttle

Comet Swift–Tuttle (formally designated 109P/Swift–Tuttle) is a large periodic comet with a 1995 (osculating) orbital period of 133 years that is in a 1:11 orbital resonance with Jupiter.

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Complutense University of Madrid

The Complutense University of Madrid (Universidad Complutense de Madrid; UCM, Universidad de Madrid, Universidad Central de Madrid; Universitas Complutensis Matritensis) is a public research university located in Madrid.

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David C. Jewitt

David Clifford Jewitt (born 1958) is a British-American astronomer who studies the Solar System, especially its minor bodies.

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David Peck Todd

David Peck Todd (March 19, 1855 — June 1, 1939) was an American astronomer.

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Detached object

Detached objects are a dynamical class of minor planets in the outer reaches of the Solar System and belong to the broader family of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs). Planets beyond Neptune and Detached object are solar System.

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Dwarf planet

A dwarf planet is a small planetary-mass object that is in direct orbit around the Sun, massive enough to be gravitationally rounded, but insufficient to achieve orbital dominance like the eight classical planets of the Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and dwarf planet are solar System.

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E. Myles Standish

Erland Myles Standish Jr. (born March 5, 1939) is a mathematical astronomer largely working in the field of solar system dynamics and celestial mechanics.

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Earth

Earth is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life. Planets beyond Neptune and Earth are planets of the Solar System and solar System.

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Ecliptic

The ecliptic or ecliptic plane is the orbital plane of Earth around the Sun.

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Ernest William Brown

Ernest William Brown FRS (29 November 1866 – 22 July 1938) was an English mathematician and astronomer, who spent the majority of his career working in the United States and became a naturalised American citizen in 1923.

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Errors and residuals

In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its "true value" (not necessarily observable).

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Europa (moon)

Europa, or Jupiter II, is the smallest of the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter, and the sixth-closest to the planet of all the 95 known moons of Jupiter. Planets beyond Neptune and Europa (moon) are solar System.

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Extreme trans-Neptunian object

An extreme trans-Neptunian object (ETNO) is a trans-Neptunian object orbiting the Sun well beyond Neptune (30 AU) in the outermost region of the Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and extreme trans-Neptunian object are solar System and trans-Neptunian objects.

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Fictional planets of the Solar System

The fictional portrayal of the Solar System has often included planets, moons, and other celestial objects which do not actually exist. Planets beyond Neptune and fictional planets of the Solar System are planets of the Solar System.

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Flagstaff, Arizona

Flagstaff is the county seat of Coconino County, Arizona, in the southwestern United States.

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Galactic tide

A galactic tide is a tidal force experienced by objects subject to the gravitational field of a galaxy such as the Milky Way.

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Galilean moons

The Galilean moons, or Galilean satellites, are the four largest moons of Jupiter: Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. Planets beyond Neptune and Galilean moons are solar System.

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Ganymede (moon)

Ganymede, or Jupiter III, is the largest and most massive natural satellite of Jupiter and in the Solar System.

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Gas giant

A gas giant is a giant planet composed mainly of hydrogen and helium. Planets beyond Neptune and gas giant are solar System.

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George Biddell Airy

Sir George Biddell Airy (27 July 18012 January 1892) was an English mathematician and astronomer, as well as the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics from 1826 to 1828 and the seventh Astronomer Royal from 1835 to 1881.

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George Forbes (scientist)

George Forbes (1849–1936) was a Scottish electrical engineer, astronomer, explorer, author and inventor, some of whose inventions are still in use.

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Gerard Kuiper

Gerard Peter Kuiper (born Gerrit Pieter Kuiper,; 7 December 1905 – 23 December 1973) was a Dutch-American astronomer, planetary scientist, selenographer, author and professor.

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Giant planet

A giant planet, sometimes referred to as a jovian planet (Jove being another name for the Roman god Jupiter), is a diverse type of planet much larger than Earth. Planets beyond Neptune and giant planet are solar System.

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Gná and Hófvarpnir

In Norse mythology, Gná (Old Norse) is a goddess who runs errands in other worlds for the goddess Frigg and rides the flying, sea-treading horse Hófvarpnir (O.N.:, "he who throws his hoofs about",Simek (2007:157). "hoof-thrower"Lindow (2001:146). or "hoof kicker"Byock (2005:43).).

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Gotha

Gotha is the fifth-largest city in Thuringia, Germany, west of Erfurt and east of Eisenach with a population of 44,000.

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Gotha Observatory

Gotha Observatory (Seeberg Observatory, Sternwarte Gotha or Seeberg-Sternwarte) was a German astronomical observatory located on Seeberg hill near Gotha, Thuringia, Germany.

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Halley's Comet

Halley's Comet is the only known short-period comet that is consistently visible to the naked eye from Earth, appearing every 72–80 years.

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Hamilton College

Hamilton College is a private liberal arts college in Clinton, New York.

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Hans E. Lau

Hans-Emil Lau (16 April 1879 – 16 October 1918) was a Danish astronomer.

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Harlow Shapley

Harlow Shapley (November 2, 1885 – October 20, 1972) was an American scientist, head of the Harvard College Observatory (1921–1952), and political activist during the latter New Deal and Fair Deal.

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Harvard College Observatory

The Harvard College Observatory (HCO) is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy.

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Heinrich Louis d'Arrest

Heinrich Louis d'Arrest (13 August 1822 – 14 June 1875) was a German astronomer, born in Berlin.

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Heliosphere

The heliosphere is the magnetosphere, astrosphere, and outermost atmospheric layer of the Sun.

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IAU definition of planet

The International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined in August 2006 that, in the Solar System, a planet is a celestial body that. Planets beyond Neptune and IAU definition of planet are Pluto's planethood and solar System.

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Icarus (journal)

ICARUS is a scientific journal dedicated to the field of planetary science.

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Infrared cirrus

Infrared cirrus or galactic cirrus are galactic filamentary structures seen in space over most of the sky that emit far-infrared light.

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International Astronomical Union

The International Astronomical Union (IAU; Union astronomique internationale, UAI) is an international non-governmental organization (INGO) with the objective of advancing astronomy in all aspects, including promoting astronomical research, outreach, education, and development through global cooperation.

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Io (moon)

Io, or Jupiter I, is the innermost and second-smallest of the four Galilean moons of the planet Jupiter. Planets beyond Neptune and io (moon) are solar System.

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IRAS

The Infrared Astronomical Satellite (Dutch: Infrarood Astronomische Satelliet) (IRAS) was the first space telescope to perform a survey of the entire night sky at infrared wavelengths.

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Jacques Babinet

Jacques Babinet (5 March 1794 – 21 October 1872) was a French physicist, mathematician, and astronomer who is best known for his contributions to optics.

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James Ferguson (American astronomer)

James Ferguson (August 31, 1797 – September 26, 1867) was a Scottish-born American astronomer and engineer, who made the first discovery of an asteroid from North America (31 Euphrosyne).

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James W. Christy

James Walter "Jim" Christy (born September 15, 1938) is an American astronomer known for discovering Charon, the largest moon of the dwarf planet Pluto.

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Jet Propulsion Laboratory

Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) is a Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) in La Cañada Flintridge, California, Crescenta Valley, United States.

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Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris

Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris (abbreviated JPL DE(number), or simply DE(number)) designates one of a series of mathematical models of the Solar System produced at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, for use in spacecraft navigation and astronomy.

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Johann Gottfried Galle

Johann Gottfried Galle (9 June 1812 – 10 July 1910) was a German astronomer from Radis, Germany, at the Berlin Observatory who, on 23 September 1846, with the assistance of student Heinrich Louis d'Arrest, was the first person to view the planet Neptune and know what he was looking at.

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Jupiter

Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and Jupiter are planets of the Solar System and solar System.

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Kobe University

, also known in the Kansai region as, is a public research university located in Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan.

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Konstantin Batygin

Konstantin Batygin (Константи́н Юрьевич Батыгин) is an American astronomer and Professor of Planetary Sciences at Caltech.

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Kozai mechanism

In celestial mechanics, the Kozai mechanism is a dynamical phenomenon affecting the orbit of a binary system perturbed by a distant third body under certain conditions.

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Kuiper belt

The Kuiper belt is a circumstellar disc in the outer Solar System, extending from the orbit of Neptune at 30 astronomical units (AU) to approximately 50 AU from the Sun. Planets beyond Neptune and Kuiper belt are solar System.

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Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a federally funded research and development center in Livermore, California, United States.

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List of hypothetical Solar System objects

A hypothetical Solar System object is a planet, natural satellite, subsatellite or similar body in the Solar System whose existence is not known, but has been inferred from observational scientific evidence. Planets beyond Neptune and List of hypothetical Solar System objects are hypothetical bodies of the Solar System, hypothetical planets and solar System.

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Lowell Observatory

Lowell Observatory is an astronomical observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona, United States.

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Madrid

Madrid is the capital and most populous city of Spain.

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Mars

Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun. Planets beyond Neptune and Mars are planets of the Solar System and solar System.

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Martian canals

During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, it was erroneously believed that there were "canals" on the planet Mars.

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Münster

Münster (Mönster) is an independent city (Kreisfreie Stadt) in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.

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Mercury (planet)

Mercury is the first planet from the Sun and the smallest in the Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and Mercury (planet) are planets of the Solar System and solar System.

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Methane

Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms).

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Michael E. Brown

Michael E. Brown (born June 5, 1965) is an American astronomer, who has been professor of planetary astronomy at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) since 2003. Planets beyond Neptune and Michael E. Brown are Pluto's planethood.

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Minor Planet Center

The Minor Planet Center (MPC) is the official body for observing and reporting on minor planets under the auspices of the International Astronomical Union (IAU).

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Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal in astronomy, astrophysics and related fields.

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NASA

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.

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Neptune

Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun. Planets beyond Neptune and Neptune are planets of the Solar System and solar System.

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New Horizons

New Horizons is an interplanetary space probe launched as a part of NASA's New Frontiers program.

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New Scientist

New Scientist is a popular science magazine covering all aspects of science and technology.

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New York (state)

New York, also called New York State, is a state in the Northeastern United States.

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Newsweek

Newsweek is a weekly news magazine.

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Oort cloud

The Oort cloud, sometimes called the Öpik–Oort cloud, is theorized to be a vast cloud of icy planetesimals surrounding the Sun at distances ranging from 2,000 to 200,000 AU (0.03 to 3.2 light-years). Planets beyond Neptune and Oort cloud are hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects and solar System.

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Orbit

In celestial mechanics, an orbit (also known as orbital revolution) is the curved trajectory of an object such as the trajectory of a planet around a star, or of a natural satellite around a planet, or of an artificial satellite around an object or position in space such as a planet, moon, asteroid, or Lagrange point.

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Orbital eccentricity

In astrodynamics, the orbital eccentricity of an astronomical object is a dimensionless parameter that determines the amount by which its orbit around another body deviates from a perfect circle.

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Orbital inclination

Orbital inclination measures the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body.

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Orbital node

An orbital node is either of the two points where an orbit intersects a plane of reference to which it is inclined.

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Palomar Observatory

Palomar Observatory is an astronomical research observatory in the Palomar Mountains of San Diego County, California, United States.

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Pan-STARRS

The Panoramic Survey Telescope and Rapid Response System (Pan-STARRS1; obs. code: F51 and Pan-STARRS2 obs. code: F52) located at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, US, consists of astronomical cameras, telescopes and a computing facility that is surveying the sky for moving or variable objects on a continual basis, and also producing accurate astrometry and photometry of already-detected objects.

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Percival Lowell

Percival Lowell (March 13, 1855 – November 12, 1916) was an American businessman, author, mathematician, and astronomer who fueled speculation that there were canals on Mars, and furthered theories of a ninth planet within the Solar System.

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Perturbation (astronomy)

In astronomy, perturbation is the complex motion of a massive body subjected to forces other than the gravitational attraction of a single other massive body.

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Peter Andreas Hansen

Peter Andreas Hansen (born 8 December 1795, Tønder, Schleswig, Denmark; died 28 March 1874, Gotha, Thuringia, Germany) was a Danish-born German astronomer.

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Philip Herbert Cowell

Philip Herbert Cowell FRS (1870 – 1949) was a British astronomer.

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Pierre-Simon Laplace

Pierre-Simon, Marquis de Laplace (23 March 1749 – 5 March 1827) was a French scholar whose work was important to the development of engineering, mathematics, statistics, physics, astronomy, and philosophy.

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Pioneer 10

Pioneer 10 (originally designated Pioneer F) is a NASA space probe launched in 1972 that completed the first mission to the planet Jupiter.

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Pioneer 11

Pioneer 11 (also known as Pioneer G) is a NASA robotic space probe launched on April 5, 1973, to study the asteroid belt, the environment around Jupiter and Saturn, the solar wind, and cosmic rays.

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Planet

A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is generally required to be in orbit around a star, stellar remnant, or brown dwarf, and is not one itself. Planets beyond Neptune and planet are solar System.

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Planet Nine

Planet Nine is a hypothetical ninth planet in the outer region of the Solar System. Planets beyond Neptune and planet Nine are hypothetical planets, hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects and solar System.

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Planetary system

A planetary system is a set of gravitationally bound non-stellar objects in or out of orbit around a star or star system.

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Planets beyond Neptune

Following the discovery of the planet Neptune in 1846, there was considerable speculation that another planet might exist beyond its orbit. Planets beyond Neptune and planets beyond Neptune are astronomical controversies, early scientific cosmologies, hypothetical bodies of the Solar System, hypothetical planets, hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects, planets of the Solar System, Pluto's planethood, solar System, solar System dynamic theories and trans-Neptunian objects.

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Plutino

In astronomy, the plutinos are a dynamical group of trans-Neptunian objects that orbit in 2:3 mean-motion resonance with Neptune. Planets beyond Neptune and plutino are solar System.

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Pluto

Pluto (minor-planet designation: 134340 Pluto) is a dwarf planet in the Kuiper belt, a ring of bodies beyond the orbit of Neptune. Planets beyond Neptune and Pluto are solar System.

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Precovery

In astronomy, precovery (short for pre-discovery recovery) is the process of finding the image of an object in images or photographic plates predating its discovery, typically for the purpose of calculating a more accurate orbit.

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Renu Malhotra

Renu Malhotra (born 1961) is an American planetary scientist from India, known for using the orbital resonance between Pluto and Neptune to infer large-scale orbital migration of the giant planets and to predict the existence of Plutinos in resonance with Neptune.

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Retrograde and prograde motion

Retrograde motion in astronomy is, in general, orbital or rotational motion of an object in the direction opposite the rotation of its primary, that is, the central object (right figure).

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Robert Sutton Harrington

Robert Sutton Harrington (October 21, 1942 – January 23, 1993) was an American astronomer who worked at the United States Naval Observatory (USNO).

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Rogue planet

A rogue planet, also termed a free-floating planet (FFP) or an isolated planetary-mass object (iPMO), is an interstellar object of planetary mass which is not gravitationally bound to any star or brown dwarf.

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Roman numerals

Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.

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Saturn

Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second-largest in the Solar System, after Jupiter. Planets beyond Neptune and Saturn are planets of the Solar System and solar System.

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Scientific American

Scientific American, informally abbreviated SciAm or sometimes SA, is an American popular science magazine.

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Scott S. Sheppard

Scott Sander Sheppard (born 1977) is an American astronomer and a discoverer of numerous moons, comets and minor planets in the outer Solar System.

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Sedna (dwarf planet)

Sedna (minor-planet designation: 90377 Sedna) is a dwarf planet in the outermost reaches of the Solar System, orbiting the Sun beyond the orbit of Neptune. Planets beyond Neptune and Sedna (dwarf planet) are solar System.

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Semi-major and semi-minor axes

In geometry, the major axis of an ellipse is its longest diameter: a line segment that runs through the center and both foci, with ends at the two most widely separated points of the perimeter.

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Solar System

The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.

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Space.com

Space.com is an online publication focused on space exploration, astronomy, skywatching and entertainment, with editorial teams based in the United States and United Kingdom.

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Super-Earth

A Super-Earth is a type of exoplanet with a mass higher than Earth's, but substantially below those of the Solar System's ice giants, Uranus and Neptune, which are 14.5 and 17 times Earth's, respectively.

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Tests of general relativity

Tests of general relativity serve to establish observational evidence for the theory of general relativity.

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The Astronomical Journal

The Astronomical Journal (often abbreviated AJ in scientific papers and references) is a peer-reviewed monthly scientific journal owned by the American Astronomical Society (AAS) and currently published by IOP Publishing.

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The Astrophysical Journal

The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of astrophysics and astronomy, established in 1895 by American astronomers George Ellery Hale and James Edward Keeler.

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The Independent

The Independent is a British online newspaper.

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The New York Times

The New York Times (NYT) is an American daily newspaper based in New York City.

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The Washington Post

The Washington Post, locally known as "the Post" and, informally, WaPo or WP, is an American daily newspaper published in Washington, D.C., the national capital.

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Thomas Jefferson Jackson See

Thomas Jefferson Jackson (T. J. J.) See (February 19, 1866 – July 4, 1962) was an American astronomer whose promulgated theories in astronomy and physics were eventually disproven.

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Thomas John Hussey

Thomas John Hussey (4 April 1792 – c. 1866) was an English clergyman and astronomer.

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Time-lapse photography

Time-lapse photography is a technique in which the frequency at which film frames are captured (the frame rate) is much lower than the frequency used to view the sequence.

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Trans-Neptunian object

A trans-Neptunian object (TNO), also written transneptunian object, is any minor planet in the Solar System that orbits the Sun at a greater average distance than Neptune, which has an orbital semi-major axis of 30.1 astronomical units (au). Planets beyond Neptune and trans-Neptunian object are solar System and trans-Neptunian objects.

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Triton (moon)

Triton is the largest natural satellite of the planet Neptune.

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True anomaly

In celestial mechanics, true anomaly is an angular parameter that defines the position of a body moving along a Keplerian orbit.

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Tyche (hypothetical planet)

Tyche was a hypothetical gas giant located in the Solar System's Oort cloud, first proposed in 1999 by astrophysicists John Matese, Patrick Whitman and Daniel Whitmire of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette. Planets beyond Neptune and Tyche (hypothetical planet) are astronomical controversies, hypothetical bodies of the Solar System, hypothetical planets, hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects, solar System and solar System dynamic theories.

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United States Naval Observatory

The United States Naval Observatory (USNO) is a scientific and military facility that produces geopositioning, navigation and timekeeping data for the United States Navy and the United States Department of Defense.

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University of Hawaiʻi

The University of Hawaiʻi System (University of Hawaiʻi and popularly known as UH) is a public college and university system.

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University of Louisiana at Lafayette

The University of Louisiana at Lafayette (UL Lafayette, University of Louisiana, ULL, or UL) is a public research university in Lafayette, Louisiana.

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Uranus

Uranus is the seventh planet from the Sun. Planets beyond Neptune and Uranus are planets of the Solar System and solar System.

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Urbain Le Verrier

Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier (11 March 1811 – 23 September 1877) was a French astronomer and mathematician who specialized in celestial mechanics and is best known for predicting the existence and position of Neptune using only mathematics.

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Variable star

A variable star is a star whose brightness as seen from Earth (its apparent magnitude) changes with time.

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Vera C. Rubin Observatory

The Vera C. Rubin Observatory, formerly known as the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), is an astronomical observatory currently under construction in Chile.

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Vesto M. Slipher

Vesto Melvin Slipher (November 11, 1875 – November 8, 1969) was an American astronomer who performed the first measurements of radial velocities for galaxies.

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Vishnu

Vishnu, also known as Narayana and Hari, is one of the principal deities of Hinduism.

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Volatile (astrogeology)

Volatiles are the group of chemical elements and chemical compounds that can be readily vaporized.

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Voyager 1

Voyager 1 is a space probe launched by NASA on September 5, 1977, as part of the Voyager program to study the outer Solar System and the interstellar space beyond the Sun's heliosphere.

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Voyager 2

Voyager 2 is a space probe launched by NASA on August 20, 1977, as a part of the Voyager program.

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Walter Baade

Wilhelm Heinrich Walter Baade (March 24, 1893 – June 25, 1960) was a German astronomer who worked in the United States from 1931 to 1959.

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Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer

Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE, observatory code C51, Explorer 92 and MIDEX-6) is a NASA infrared astronomy space telescope in the Explorers Program launched in December 2009.

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William Henry Pickering

William Henry Pickering (February 15, 1858 – January 16, 1938) was an American astronomer.

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YouTube

YouTube is an American online video sharing platform owned by Google.

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Zodiac

The zodiac is a belt-shaped region of the sky that extends approximately 8° north and south (as measured in celestial latitude) of the ecliptic, the apparent path of the Sun across the celestial sphere over the course of the year. Planets beyond Neptune and zodiac are early scientific cosmologies.

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15760 Albion

15760 Albion (provisional designation) was the first trans-Neptunian object to be discovered after Pluto and Charon.

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177P/Barnard

Comet 177P/Barnard, also known as Barnard 2, is a periodic comet with an orbital period of 122 years.

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See also

Astronomical controversies

Early scientific cosmologies

Hypothetical bodies of the Solar System

Hypothetical planets

Hypothetical trans-Neptunian objects

Planets of the Solar System

Pluto's planethood

Solar System dynamic theories

Trans-Neptunian objects

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planets_beyond_Neptune

Also known as 10th Planet, 11th planet, Discovery of Pluto, Eleventh Planet, Halo of oligarch planets, Hypothetical trans-Neptunian planet, Hypothetical trans-Neptunian planets, Ninth planet, Oligarch halo, Oligarch planet, Oligarch planets, Planet 10, Planet 10 (Hypothetical planet), Planet Eleven, Planet O, Planet Ten, Planet X, Planet X (planet), Planet beyond Neptune, Planets beyond Pluto, Pluto discovery, Sol IX, Sol X, Sol-9, Super-Pluton, Tenth Planet, The 9th planet, The ninth planet, Thelisto (hypothetical planet), Trans neptunian planets, Trans-Neptunian planet, Trans-Neptunian planets, Transpluto, U (TNO), U (trans-Neptunian object), V P Ketakar, V. B. Ketakar, V. P. Ketakar, VP Ketakar, Venkatesh Ketakar, Venkatesh P. Ketakar, X (planet).

, Gerard Kuiper, Giant planet, Gná and Hófvarpnir, Gotha, Gotha Observatory, Halley's Comet, Hamilton College, Hans E. Lau, Harlow Shapley, Harvard College Observatory, Heinrich Louis d'Arrest, Heliosphere, IAU definition of planet, Icarus (journal), Infrared cirrus, International Astronomical Union, Io (moon), IRAS, Jacques Babinet, James Ferguson (American astronomer), James W. Christy, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Development Ephemeris, Johann Gottfried Galle, Jupiter, Kobe University, Konstantin Batygin, Kozai mechanism, Kuiper belt, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, List of hypothetical Solar System objects, Lowell Observatory, Madrid, Mars, Martian canals, Münster, Mercury (planet), Methane, Michael E. Brown, Minor Planet Center, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, NASA, Neptune, New Horizons, New Scientist, New York (state), Newsweek, Oort cloud, Orbit, Orbital eccentricity, Orbital inclination, Orbital node, Palomar Observatory, Pan-STARRS, Percival Lowell, Perturbation (astronomy), Peter Andreas Hansen, Philip Herbert Cowell, Pierre-Simon Laplace, Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, Planet, Planet Nine, Planetary system, Planets beyond Neptune, Plutino, Pluto, Precovery, Renu Malhotra, Retrograde and prograde motion, Robert Sutton Harrington, Rogue planet, Roman numerals, Saturn, Scientific American, Scott S. Sheppard, Sedna (dwarf planet), Semi-major and semi-minor axes, Solar System, Space.com, Super-Earth, Tests of general relativity, The Astronomical Journal, The Astrophysical Journal, The Independent, The New York Times, The Washington Post, Thomas Jefferson Jackson See, Thomas John Hussey, Time-lapse photography, Trans-Neptunian object, Triton (moon), True anomaly, Tyche (hypothetical planet), United States Naval Observatory, University of Hawaiʻi, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Uranus, Urbain Le Verrier, Variable star, Vera C. Rubin Observatory, Vesto M. Slipher, Vishnu, Volatile (astrogeology), Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Walter Baade, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, William Henry Pickering, YouTube, Zodiac, 15760 Albion, 177P/Barnard.