Table of Contents
212 relations: Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi, Adobe, Adobe Flash Player, Africa, Alexander the Great, Alexandria, Almagest, Almanac, American Philosophical Society, Analemma, Ancient Greek personal names, Apeiron, Aphorism, Arabic, Archive for History of Exact Sciences, Aristotelian physics, Aristotelianism, Aristoxenus, Astrology, Astronomer, Astronomy, Astronomy & Geophysics, Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world, Atlantic Ocean, Babylonian astronomical diaries, Babylonian astronomy, Bernard R. Goldstein, Book of Optics, Brill Publishers, Byzantine science, Calendar, Canon of Kings, Canopus, Egypt, Catholic Church, Celestial mechanics, Centiloquium, China, Classics, Claudia gens, Claudius, Clime, Color, Common Era, Concurrency (computer science), Constellation, Coordinate system, Cosmology, Cyclic quadrilateral, Deferent and epicycle, Degree (angle), ... Expand index (162 more) »
- 100 births
- 170 deaths
- 2nd-century Egyptian people
- 2nd-century astronomers
- 2nd-century geographers
- 2nd-century mathematicians
- 2nd-century poets
- Ancient Greek astrologers
- Ancient Greek astronomers
- Ancient Greek geographers
- Ancient Greek music theorists
- Ancient Roman geographers
- Ancient occultists
- Astrological writers
- Egyptian astronomers
- Egyptian calendar
- Egyptian mathematicians
Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
Abu Ma‘shar al-Balkhi, Latinized as Albumasar (also Albusar, Albuxar; full name Abū Maʿshar Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Balkhī أبو معشر جعفر بن محمد بن عمر البلخي; 10 August 787 – 9 March 886, AH 171–272), was an early Persian Muslim astrologer, thought to be the greatest astrologer of the Abbasid court in Baghdad. Ptolemy and Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi are astrological writers.
See Ptolemy and Abu Ma'shar al-Balkhi
Adobe
Adobe is a building material made from earth and organic materials.
Adobe Flash Player
Adobe Flash Player (known in Internet Explorer, Firefox, and Google Chrome as Shockwave Flash) is a discontinuedExcept in China, where it continues to be used, as well as Harman for enterprise users.
See Ptolemy and Adobe Flash Player
Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continent after Asia.
Alexander the Great
Alexander III of Macedon (Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), most commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon.
See Ptolemy and Alexander the Great
Alexandria
Alexandria (الإسكندرية; Ἀλεξάνδρεια, Coptic: Ⲣⲁⲕⲟϯ - Rakoti or ⲁⲗⲉⲝⲁⲛⲇⲣⲓⲁ) is the second largest city in Egypt and the largest city on the Mediterranean coast.
Almagest
The Almagest is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy in Koine Greek.
Almanac
An almanac (also spelled almanack and almanach) is a regularly published listing of a set of current information about one or multiple subjects.
American Philosophical Society
The American Philosophical Society (APS) is an American scholarly organization and learned society founded in 1743 in Philadelphia that promotes knowledge in the humanities and natural sciences through research, professional meetings, publications, library resources, and community outreach.
See Ptolemy and American Philosophical Society
Analemma
In astronomy, an analemma is a diagram showing the position of the Sun in the sky as seen from a fixed location on Earth at the same mean solar time, as that position varies over the course of a year.
Ancient Greek personal names
The study of ancient Greek personal names is a branch of onomastics, the study of names, and more specifically of anthroponomastics, the study of names of persons.
See Ptolemy and Ancient Greek personal names
Apeiron
Apeiron (ἄπειρον) is a Greek word meaning '(that which is) unlimited; boundless; infinite; indefinite' from ἀ- a- 'without' and πεῖραρ peirar 'end, limit; boundary', the Ionic Greek form of πέρας peras 'end, limit, boundary'.
Aphorism
An aphorism (from Greek ἀφορισμός: aphorismos, denoting 'delimitation', 'distinction', and 'definition') is a concise, terse, laconic, or memorable expression of a general truth or principle.
Arabic
Arabic (اَلْعَرَبِيَّةُ, or عَرَبِيّ, or) is a Central Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family spoken primarily in the Arab world.
Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Archive for History of Exact Sciences is a peer-reviewed academic journal currently published bimonthly by Springer Science+Business Media, covering the history of mathematics and of astronomy observations and techniques, epistemology of science, and philosophy of science from Antiquity until now.
See Ptolemy and Archive for History of Exact Sciences
Aristotelian physics
Aristotelian physics is the form of natural philosophy described in the works of the Greek philosopher Aristotle (384–322 BC).
See Ptolemy and Aristotelian physics
Aristotelianism
Aristotelianism is a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, usually characterized by deductive logic and an analytic inductive method in the study of natural philosophy and metaphysics.
See Ptolemy and Aristotelianism
Aristoxenus
Aristoxenus of Tarentum (Ἀριστόξενος; born 375, fl. 335 BC) was a Greek Peripatetic philosopher, and a pupil of Aristotle. Ptolemy and Aristoxenus are ancient Greek music theorists.
Astrology
Astrology is a range of divinatory practices, recognized as pseudoscientific since the 18th century, that propose that information about human affairs and terrestrial events may be discerned by studying the apparent positions of celestial objects.
Astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses their studies on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth.
Astronomy
Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos.
Astronomy & Geophysics
Astronomy & Geophysics (A&G) is a scientific journal and trade magazine published on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) by Oxford University Press.
See Ptolemy and Astronomy & Geophysics
Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
Medieval Islamic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age (9th–13th centuries), and mostly written in the Arabic language.
See Ptolemy and Astronomy in the medieval Islamic world
Atlantic Ocean
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceanic divisions, with an area of about.
See Ptolemy and Atlantic Ocean
Babylonian astronomical diaries
The Babylonian astronomical diaries are a collection of Babylonian cuneiform texts that contain systematic records of astronomical observations and political events as well as predictions, based on astronomical observations.
See Ptolemy and Babylonian astronomical diaries
Babylonian astronomy
Babylonian astronomy was the study or recording of celestial objects during the early history of Mesopotamia.
See Ptolemy and Babylonian astronomy
Bernard R. Goldstein
Bernard Raphael Goldstein (born January 29, 1938) is a historian of science and professor emeritus at the University of Pittsburgh.
See Ptolemy and Bernard R. Goldstein
Book of Optics
The Book of Optics (Kitāb al-Manāẓir; De Aspectibus or Perspectiva; Deli Aspecti) is a seven-volume treatise on optics and other fields of study composed by the medieval Arab scholar Ibn al-Haytham, known in the West as Alhazen or Alhacen (965–c. 1040 AD).
See Ptolemy and Book of Optics
Brill Publishers
Brill Academic Publishers, also known as E. J. Brill, Koninklijke Brill, Brill, is a Dutch international academic publisher of books and journals.
See Ptolemy and Brill Publishers
Byzantine science
Scientific scholarship during the Byzantine Empire played an important role in the transmission of classical knowledge to the Islamic world and to Renaissance Italy, and also in the transmission of Islamic science to Renaissance Italy.
See Ptolemy and Byzantine science
Calendar
A calendar is a system of organizing days.
Canon of Kings
The Canon of Kings was a dated list of kings used by ancient astronomers as a convenient means to date astronomical phenomena, such as eclipses.
See Ptolemy and Canon of Kings
Canopus, Egypt
Canopus (Κάνωπος), also known as Canobus (Κάνωβος), was an ancient Egyptian coastal town, located in the Nile Delta.
See Ptolemy and Canopus, Egypt
Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with 1.28 to 1.39 billion baptized Catholics worldwide as of 2024.
See Ptolemy and Catholic Church
Celestial mechanics
Celestial mechanics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the motions of objects in outer space.
See Ptolemy and Celestial mechanics
Centiloquium
The Centiloquium (.
China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia.
Classics
Classics or classical studies is the study of classical antiquity.
Claudia gens
The gens Claudia, sometimes written Clodia, was one of the most prominent patrician houses at ancient Rome. Ptolemy and Claudia gens are Claudii.
Claudius
Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (1 August – 13 October) was a Roman emperor, ruling from to 54.
Clime
The climes (singular clime; also clima, plural climata, from Greek κλίμα klima, plural κλίματα klimata, meaning "inclination" or "slope") in classical Greco-Roman geography and astronomy were the divisions of the inhabited portion of the spherical Earth by geographic latitude.
Color
Color (American English) or colour (British and Commonwealth English) is the visual perception based on the electromagnetic spectrum.
Common Era
Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era.
Concurrency (computer science)
In computer science, concurrency is the ability of different parts or units of a program, algorithm, or problem to be executed out-of-order or in partial order, without affecting the outcome.
See Ptolemy and Concurrency (computer science)
Constellation
A constellation is an area on the celestial sphere in which a group of visible stars forms a perceived pattern or outline, typically representing an animal, mythological subject, or inanimate object.
Coordinate system
In geometry, a coordinate system is a system that uses one or more numbers, or coordinates, to uniquely determine the position of the points or other geometric elements on a manifold such as Euclidean space.
See Ptolemy and Coordinate system
Cosmology
Cosmology is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe, the cosmos.
Cyclic quadrilateral
In Euclidean geometry, a cyclic quadrilateral or inscribed quadrilateral is a quadrilateral whose vertices all lie on a single circle.
See Ptolemy and Cyclic quadrilateral
Deferent and epicycle
In the Hipparchian, Ptolemaic, and Copernican systems of astronomy, the epicycle (meaning "circle moving on another circle") was a geometric model used to explain the variations in speed and direction of the apparent motion of the Moon, Sun, and planets.
See Ptolemy and Deferent and epicycle
Degree (angle)
A degree (in full, a degree of arc, arc degree, or arcdegree), usually denoted by ° (the degree symbol), is a measurement of a plane angle in which one full rotation is 360 degrees.
See Ptolemy and Degree (angle)
Dictionary of Scientific Biography
The Dictionary of Scientific Biography is a scholarly reference work that was published from 1970 through 1980 by publisher Charles Scribner's Sons, with main editor the science historian Charles Gillispie, from Princeton University.
See Ptolemy and Dictionary of Scientific Biography
Eclipse
An eclipse is an astronomical event which occurs when an astronomical object or spacecraft is temporarily obscured, by passing into the shadow of another body or by having another body pass between it and the viewer.
Ecumene
In ancient Greece, the term ecumene (U.S.) or oecumene (UK) denoted the known, inhabited, or habitable world.
Egypt
Egypt (مصر), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and the Sinai Peninsula in the southwest corner of Asia.
Egyptian Greeks
The Egyptian Greeks, also known as Egyptiotes (Eyiptiótes) or simply Greeks in Egypt (Éllines tis Eyíptou), are the ethnic Greek community from Egypt that has existed from the Hellenistic period until the aftermath of the Egyptian coup d'état of 1952, when most were forced to leave.
See Ptolemy and Egyptian Greeks
Egyptians
Egyptians (translit,; translit,; remenkhēmi) are an ethnic group native to the Nile Valley in Egypt.
Electional astrology
Electional astrology, also known as event astrology, is a branch found in most traditions of astrology according to which a practitioner decides the most appropriate time for an event based on the astrological auspiciousness of that time.
See Ptolemy and Electional astrology
Embedded system
An embedded system is a computer system—a combination of a computer processor, computer memory, and input/output peripheral devices—that has a dedicated function within a larger mechanical or electronic system.
See Ptolemy and Embedded system
Epistemology
Epistemology is the branch of philosophy concerned with knowledge.
Equant
Equant (or punctum aequans) is a mathematical concept developed by Claudius Ptolemy in the 2nd century AD to account for the observed motion of the planets.
Equator
The equator is a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the Northern and Southern hemispheres.
Eratosthenes
Eratosthenes of Cyrene (Ἐρατοσθένης; –) was a Greek polymath: a mathematician, geographer, poet, astronomer, and music theorist. Ptolemy and Eratosthenes are ancient Greek astronomers, ancient Greek geographers and ancient Greek music theorists.
Eugenius of Palermo
Eugenius of Palermo (also Eugene) (Eugenius Siculus or label,Gigante. Εὐγενἠς Εὐγένιος ὁ τῆς Πανόρμου, Eugenio da Palermo; 1130 – 1202) was an amiratus (admiral) of the Kingdom of Sicily in the late twelfth century.
See Ptolemy and Eugenius of Palermo
Evection
In astronomy, evection (Latin for "carrying away") is the largest inequality produced by the action of the Sun in the monthly revolution of the Moon around the Earth.
Florida State University
Florida State University (FSU or, more commonly, Florida State) is a public research university in Tallahassee, Florida, United States.
See Ptolemy and Florida State University
Gazetteer
A gazetteer is a geographical dictionary or directory used in conjunction with a map or atlas.
Geocentric model
In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, often exemplified specifically by the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the Universe with Earth at the center.
See Ptolemy and Geocentric model
Geografiska Annaler
Geografiska Annaler is a scientific journal published by the Swedish Society for Anthropology and Geography in Stockholm, Sweden.
See Ptolemy and Geografiska Annaler
Geographer
A geographer is a physical scientist, social scientist or humanist whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society, including how society and nature interacts.
Geographic coordinate system
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude.
See Ptolemy and Geographic coordinate system
Geography
Geography (from Ancient Greek γεωγραφία; combining 'Earth' and 'write') is the study of the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.
Geography (Ptolemy)
The Geography (Γεωγραφικὴ Ὑφήγησις,, "Geographical Guidance"), also known by its Latin names as the Geographia and the Cosmographia, is a gazetteer, an atlas, and a treatise on cartography, compiling the geographical knowledge of the 2nd-century Roman Empire.
See Ptolemy and Geography (Ptolemy)
Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world
Medieval Islamic geography and cartography refer to the study of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age (variously dated between the 8th century and 16th century).
See Ptolemy and Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world
Geometric modeling
Geometric modeling is a branch of applied mathematics and computational geometry that studies methods and algorithms for the mathematical description of shapes.
See Ptolemy and Geometric modeling
George Sarton
George Alfred Leon Sarton (31 August 1884 – 22 March 1956) was a Belgian-American chemist and historian.
Gerald J. Toomer
Gerald James Toomer (born 23 November 1934) is a historian of astronomy and mathematics who has written numerous books and papers on ancient Greek and medieval Islamic astronomy.
See Ptolemy and Gerald J. Toomer
Greco-Roman world
The Greco-Roman civilization (also Greco-Roman culture or Greco-Latin culture; spelled Graeco-Roman in the Commonwealth), as understood by modern scholars and writers, includes the geographical regions and countries that culturally—and so historically—were directly and intimately influenced by the language, culture, government and religion of the Greeks and Romans.
See Ptolemy and Greco-Roman world
Greek mathematics
Greek mathematics refers to mathematics texts and ideas stemming from the Archaic through the Hellenistic and Roman periods, mostly from the 5th century BC to the 6th century AD, around the shores of the Mediterranean.
See Ptolemy and Greek mathematics
Greek mythology
Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks, and a genre of ancient Greek folklore, today absorbed alongside Roman mythology into the broader designation of classical mythology.
See Ptolemy and Greek mythology
Grid (spatial index)
In the context of a spatial index, a grid or mesh is a regular tessellation of a manifold or 2-D surface that divides it into a series of contiguous cells, which can then be assigned unique identifiers and used for spatial indexing purposes.
See Ptolemy and Grid (spatial index)
Handy Tables
Ptolemy's Handy Tables (Procheiroi kanones) is a collection of astronomical tables that second century astronomer Ptolemy created after finishing the Almagest.
Harmonices Mundi
Harmonice Mundi (Harmonices mundi libri V)The full title is Ioannis Keppleri Harmonices mundi libri V (The Five Books of Johannes Kepler's The Harmony of the World).
See Ptolemy and Harmonices Mundi
Heliocentrism
Heliocentrism (also known as the heliocentric model) is a superseded astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the universe.
Hellenization
Hellenization (also spelled Hellenisation) or Hellenism is the adoption of Greek culture, religion, language, and identity by non-Greeks.
Hero of Alexandria
Hero of Alexandria (Ἥρων ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς,, also known as Heron of Alexandria; probably 1st or 2nd century AD) was a Greek mathematician and engineer who was active in Alexandria in Egypt during the Roman era.
See Ptolemy and Hero of Alexandria
Hipparchus
Hipparchus (Ἵππαρχος, Hipparkhos; BC) was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. Ptolemy and Hipparchus are ancient Greek astronomers, ancient Greek geographers and ancient Greek mathematicians.
History of Iran
The history of Iran (or Persia, as it was commonly known in the Western world) is intertwined with that of Greater Iran, a sociocultural region spanning the area between Anatolia in the west and the Indus River and Syr Darya in the east, and between the Caucasus and Eurasian Steppe in the north and the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.
See Ptolemy and History of Iran
History of optics
Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world.
See Ptolemy and History of optics
Homeric Greek
Homeric Greek is the form of the Greek language that was used in the Iliad, Odyssey, and Homeric Hymns.
Horoscopic astrology
Horoscopic astrology is a form of astrology that uses a horoscope, a visual representation of the heavens, for a specific moment in time to interpret the purported meaning behind the alignment of the planets at that moment.
See Ptolemy and Horoscopic astrology
Ibn al-Haytham
Ḥasan Ibn al-Haytham (Latinized as Alhazen;; full name أبو علي، الحسن بن الحسن بن الهيثم) was a medieval mathematician, astronomer, and physicist of the Islamic Golden Age from present-day Iraq.
See Ptolemy and Ibn al-Haytham
Imago Mundi
Imago Mundi, or in full Imago Mundi: International Journal for the History of Cartography, is a semiannual peer-reviewed academic journal about mapping, established in 1935 by Leo Bagrow.
Internet Archive
The Internet Archive is an American nonprofit digital library founded in 1996 by Brewster Kahle.
See Ptolemy and Internet Archive
Isis (journal)
Isis is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by the University of Chicago Press.
See Ptolemy and Isis (journal)
J. H. Parry
John Horace Parry CMG, MBE (Handsworth, Birmingham, England, 26 April 1914 – Cambridge, Massachusetts, 25 August 1982) was a distinguished maritime historian, who served as Gardiner Professor of Oceanic History and Affairs at Harvard University.
Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
Jean Baptiste Joseph, chevalier Delambre (19 September 1749 – 19 August 1822) was a French mathematician, astronomer, historian of astronomy, and geodesist.
See Ptolemy and Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre
Johannes Kepler
Johannes Kepler (27 December 1571 – 15 November 1630) was a German astronomer, mathematician, astrologer, natural philosopher and writer on music.
See Ptolemy and Johannes Kepler
Journal for the History of Astronomy
Journal for the History of Astronomy (JHA) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the History of Astronomy from earliest times to the present, and in history in the service of astronomy.
See Ptolemy and Journal for the History of Astronomy
Just intonation
In music, just intonation or pure intonation is the tuning of musical intervals as whole number ratios (such as 3:2 or 4:3) of frequencies.
See Ptolemy and Just intonation
Justus van Gent
Justus van Gent or Joos van Wassenhove was an Early Netherlandish painter, perhaps from Ghent, who after training and working in Flanders later moved to Italy where he worked for Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino, and was known as Giusto da Guanto, or in modern Italian Giusto di Gand etc.
See Ptolemy and Justus van Gent
Koine Greek
Koine Greek (Koine the common dialect), also known as Hellenistic Greek, common Attic, the Alexandrian dialect, Biblical Greek, Septuagint Greek or New Testament Greek, was the common supra-regional form of Greek spoken and written during the Hellenistic period, the Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire.
Late antiquity
Late antiquity is sometimes defined as spanning from the end of classical antiquity to the local start of the Middle Ages, from around the late 3rd century up to the 7th or 8th century in Europe and adjacent areas bordering the Mediterranean Basin depending on location.
See Ptolemy and Late antiquity
Latin translations of the 12th century
Latin translations of the 12th century were spurred by a major search by European scholars for new learning unavailable in western Europe at the time; their search led them to areas of southern Europe, particularly in central Spain and Sicily, which recently had come under Christian rule following their reconquest in the late 11th century.
See Ptolemy and Latin translations of the 12th century
Latitude
In geography, latitude is a coordinate that specifies the north–south position of a point on the surface of the Earth or another celestial body.
Library of Congress
The Library of Congress (LOC) is a research library in Washington, D.C. that serves as the library and research service of the U.S. Congress and the de facto national library of the United States.
See Ptolemy and Library of Congress
Loeb Classical Library
The Loeb Classical Library (LCL; named after James Loeb) is a series of books originally published by Heinemann in London, but is currently published by Harvard University Press.
See Ptolemy and Loeb Classical Library
Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Macedonia (Μακεδονία), also called Macedon, was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, which later became the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.
See Ptolemy and Macedonia (ancient kingdom)
Map
A map is a symbolic depiction emphasizing relationships between elements of some space, such as objects, regions, or themes.
See Ptolemy and Map
Map projection
In cartography, a map projection is any of a broad set of transformations employed to represent the curved two-dimensional surface of a globe on a plane.
See Ptolemy and Map projection
Marinus of Tyre
Marinus of Tyre (Μαρῖνος ὁ Τύριος, Marînos ho Týrios; 70–130) was a Greek-speaking Roman geographer, cartographer and mathematician, who founded mathematical geography and provided the underpinnings of Claudius Ptolemy's influential Geography. Ptolemy and Marinus of Tyre are 1st-century Romans, 2nd-century Romans, 2nd-century geographers, ancient Greek geographers and ancient Roman geographers.
See Ptolemy and Marinus of Tyre
Mars
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.
See Ptolemy and Mars
Mathematician
A mathematician is someone who uses an extensive knowledge of mathematics in their work, typically to solve mathematical problems.
Maximus Planudes
Maximus Planudes (Μάξιμος Πλανούδης, Máximos Planoúdēs) was a Byzantine Greek monk, scholar, anthologist, translator, mathematician, grammarian and theologian at Constantinople.
See Ptolemy and Maximus Planudes
Meantone temperament
Meantone temperaments are musical temperaments, that is a variety of tuning systems, obtained by narrowing the fifths so that their ratio is slightly less than 3:2 (making them narrower than a perfect fifth), in order to push the thirds closer to pure.
See Ptolemy and Meantone temperament
Medical astrology
Medical astrology or astrological medicine (traditionally known as iatromathematics) is an ancient applied branch of astrology based mostly on melothesia (Gr. μελοθεσία), the association of various parts of the body, diseases, and drugs with the nature of the sun, moon, planets, and the twelve astrological signs.
See Ptolemy and Medical astrology
Messier 7
Messier 7 or M7, also designated NGC 6475 and sometimes known as the Ptolemy Cluster, is an open cluster of stars in the constellation of Scorpius.
Metaphysics
Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality.
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Midsummer
Midsummer is a celebration of the season of summer, taking place on or near the date of the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere; the longest day of the year.
Monochord
A monochord, also known as sonometer (see below), is an ancient musical and scientific laboratory instrument, involving one (mono-) string (chord).
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite.
See Ptolemy and Moon
Moon illusion
The Moon illusion is an optical illusion which causes the Moon to appear larger near the horizon than it does higher up in the sky.
Music theory
Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilities of music.
Musica universalis
The musica universalis (literally universal music), also called music of the spheres or harmony of the spheres, is a philosophical concept that regards proportions in the movements of celestial bodies—the Sun, Moon, and planets—as a form of music.
See Ptolemy and Musica universalis
Natural philosophy
Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe.
See Ptolemy and Natural philosophy
Nero
Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus (born Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus; 15 December AD 37 – 9 June AD 68) was a Roman emperor and the final emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, reigning from AD 54 until his death in AD 68.
See Ptolemy and Nero
New York University
New York University (NYU) is a private research university in New York City, United States.
See Ptolemy and New York University
Numerology
Numerology (known before the 20th century as arithmancy) is the belief in an occult, divine or mystical relationship between a number and one or more coinciding events.
Octave
In music, an octave (octavus: eighth) or perfect octave (sometimes called the '''diapason''') is a series of eight notes occupying the interval between (and including) two notes, one having twice the frequency of vibration of the other.
Optics
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
Orrery
An orrery is a mechanical model of the Solar System that illustrates or predicts the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons, usually according to the heliocentric model.
Owen Gingerich
Owen Jay Gingerich (March 24, 1930 – May 28, 2023) was an American astronomer who had been professor emeritus of astronomy and of the history of science at Harvard University and a senior astronomer emeritus at the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory.
See Ptolemy and Owen Gingerich
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Ptolemy and Oxford University Press
Palimpsest
In textual studies, a palimpsest is a manuscript page, either from a scroll or a book, from which the text has been scraped or washed off in preparation for reuse in the form of another document.
Pedro Berruguete
Pedro Berruguete (c. 1450 – 1504) was a Spanish painter whose art is regarded as a transitional style between Gothic and Renaissance art.
See Ptolemy and Pedro Berruguete
Pei Xiu
Pei Xiu (224–271), courtesy name Jiyan, was a Chinese cartographer, geographer, politician, and writer of the state of Cao Wei during the late Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty of China.
Perception (journal)
Perception is a peer-reviewed scientific journal specialising in the psychology of vision and perception.
See Ptolemy and Perception (journal)
Perfect fifth
In music theory, a perfect fifth is the musical interval corresponding to a pair of pitches with a frequency ratio of 3:2, or very nearly so.
Perfect fourth
A fourth is a musical interval encompassing four staff positions in the music notation of Western culture, and a perfect fourth is the fourth spanning five semitones (half steps, or half tones).
See Ptolemy and Perfect fourth
Persians
The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group who comprise over half of the population of Iran.
Perspectives on Science
Perspectives on Science is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes contributions to science studies that integrate historical, philosophical, and sociological perspectives.
See Ptolemy and Perspectives on Science
Pharaoh
Pharaoh (Egyptian: pr ꜥꜣ; ⲡⲣ̄ⲣⲟ|Pǝrro; Biblical Hebrew: Parʿō) is the vernacular term often used for the monarchs of ancient Egypt, who ruled from the First Dynasty until the annexation of Egypt by the Roman Republic in 30 BCE.
Phronesis
(phrónēsis) is a type of wisdom or intelligence concerned with practical action.
Physics in the medieval Islamic world
The natural sciences saw various advancements during the Golden Age of Islam (from roughly the mid 8th to the mid 13th centuries), adding a number of innovations to the Transmission of the Classics (such as Aristotle, Ptolemy, Euclid, Neoplatonism).
See Ptolemy and Physics in the medieval Islamic world
Planet
A planet is a large, rounded astronomical body that is generally required to be in orbit around a star, stellar remnant, or brown dwarf, and is not one itself.
Planisphaerium
The Planisphaerium is a work by Ptolemy.
See Ptolemy and Planisphaerium
Plato Tiburtinus
Plato Tiburtinus (Plato Tiburtinus, "Plato of Tivoli"; fl. 12th century) was a 12th-century Italian mathematician, astronomer and translator who lived in Barcelona from 1116 to 1138.
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Platonism
Platonism is the philosophy of Plato and philosophical systems closely derived from it, though contemporary Platonists do not necessarily accept all doctrines of Plato.
Polar circle
A polar circle is a geographic term for a conditional circular line (arc) referring either to the Arctic Circle or the Antarctic Circle.
Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society is a quarterly journal published by the American Philosophical Society since 1838.
See Ptolemy and Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
Pseudepigrapha
Pseudepigrapha (also anglicized as "pseudepigraph" or "pseudepigraphs") are falsely attributed works, texts whose claimed author is not the true author, or a work whose real author attributed it to a figure of the past.
See Ptolemy and Pseudepigrapha
Psychology
Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior.
Psychology of Music
Psychology of Music is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers in the field of music psychology.
See Ptolemy and Psychology of Music
Ptolemaeus (lunar crater)
Ptolemaeus is an ancient lunar impact crater close to the center of the near side, named for Claudius Ptolemy, the Greco-Roman writer, mathematician, astronomer, geographer and astrologer.
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Ptolemaeus (Martian crater)
Ptolemaeus is a crater on Mars, found in the Phaethontis quadrangle.
See Ptolemy and Ptolemaeus (Martian crater)
Ptolemaic dynasty
The Ptolemaic dynasty (Πτολεμαῖοι, Ptolemaioi), also known as the Lagid dynasty (Λαγίδαι, Lagidai; after Ptolemy I's father, Lagus), was a Macedonian Greek royal house which ruled the Ptolemaic Kingdom in Ancient Egypt during the Hellenistic period.
See Ptolemy and Ptolemaic dynasty
Ptolemaic graph
In graph theory, a Ptolemaic graph is an undirected graph whose shortest path distances obey Ptolemy's inequality, which in turn was named after the Greek astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy.
See Ptolemy and Ptolemaic graph
Ptolemaic Kingdom
The Ptolemaic Kingdom (Ptolemaïkḕ basileía) or Ptolemaic Empire was an Ancient Greek polity based in Egypt during the Hellenistic period.
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Ptolemais Hermiou
Ptolemais Hermiou, or Ptolemais in the Thebaid, was a city and metropolitan archbishopric in Greco-Roman Egypt and remains a Catholic titular see.
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Ptolemy (name)
Ptolemy (Πτολεμαῖος, Ptolemaios) is a male given name, derived from Ancient Greek and meaning 'warlike'.
See Ptolemy and Ptolemy (name)
Ptolemy I Soter
Ptolemy I Soter (Πτολεμαῖος Σωτήρ, Ptolemaîos Sōtḗr "Ptolemy the Savior"; c. 367 BC – January 282 BC) was a Macedonian Greek general, historian, and successor of Alexander the Great who went on to found the Ptolemaic Kingdom centered on Egypt and led by his progeny from 305 BC – 30 BC.
See Ptolemy and Ptolemy I Soter
Ptolemy Project
The Ptolemy Project is an ongoing project aimed at modeling, simulating, and designing concurrent, real-time, embedded systems.
See Ptolemy and Ptolemy Project
Ptolemy Slocum
Ptolemy Slocum (born 20 November 1975) is an American actor, known for his role as Sylvester in Westworld.
See Ptolemy and Ptolemy Slocum
Ptolemy's inequality
In Euclidean geometry, Ptolemy's inequality relates the six distances determined by four points in the plane or in a higher-dimensional space.
See Ptolemy and Ptolemy's inequality
Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale
Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale, also known as the Ptolemaic sequence, justly tuned major scale, Ptolemy's tense diatonic scale, or the syntonous (or syntonic) diatonic scale, is a tuning for the diatonic scale proposed by Ptolemy, and corresponding with modern 5-limit just intonation.
See Ptolemy and Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale
Ptolemy's table of chords
The table of chords, created by the Greek astronomer, geometer, and geographer Ptolemy in Egypt during the 2nd century AD, is a trigonometric table in Book I, chapter 11 of Ptolemy's Almagest, a treatise on mathematical astronomy.
See Ptolemy and Ptolemy's table of chords
Ptolemy's theorem
In Euclidean geometry, Ptolemy's theorem is a relation between the four sides and two diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral (a quadrilateral whose vertices lie on a common circle).
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Ptolemy's world map
The Ptolemy world map is a map of the world known to Greco-Roman societies in the 2nd century.
See Ptolemy and Ptolemy's world map
Pythagorean tuning
Pythagorean tuning is a system of musical tuning in which the frequency ratios of all intervals are based on the ratio 3:2.
See Ptolemy and Pythagorean tuning
Pythagoreanism
Pythagoreanism originated in the 6th century BC, based on and around the teachings and beliefs held by Pythagoras and his followers, the Pythagoreans.
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Quadrant (instrument)
A quadrant is an instrument used to measure angles up to 90°.
See Ptolemy and Quadrant (instrument)
Quaerendo
Quaerendo is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to manuscripts and printed books in Europe, with a focus on the Low Countries.
Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.
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Refraction
In physics, refraction is the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another.
Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period of history and a European cultural movement covering the 15th and 16th centuries.
Robert Russell Newton
Robert Russell Newton (July 7, 1918 – June 2, 1991) was an American physicist, astronomer, and historian of science.
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Roman citizenship
Citizenship in ancient Rome (civitas) was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance.
See Ptolemy and Roman citizenship
Roman Egypt
Roman Egypt; was an imperial province of the Roman Empire from 30 BC to AD 641.
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the state ruled by the Romans following Octavian's assumption of sole rule under the Principate in 27 BC, the post-Republican state of ancient Rome.
Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
See Ptolemy and Science (journal)
Science in the medieval Islamic world
Science in the medieval Islamic world was the science developed and practised during the Islamic Golden Age under the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad, the Umayyads of Córdoba, the Abbadids of Seville, the Samanids, the Ziyarids and the Buyids in Persia and beyond, spanning the period roughly between 786 and 1258.
See Ptolemy and Science in the medieval Islamic world
Science in the Renaissance
During the Renaissance, great advances occurred in geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics, manufacturing, anatomy and engineering.
See Ptolemy and Science in the Renaissance
Scientific Revolution
The Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature.
See Ptolemy and Scientific Revolution
Shetland
Shetland, also called the Shetland Islands, is an archipelago in Scotland lying between Orkney, the Faroe Islands, and Norway.
Sidereal time
Sidereal time ("sidereal" pronounced) is a system of timekeeping used especially by astronomers.
Silk Road
The Silk Road was a network of Eurasian trade routes active from the second century BCE until the mid-15th century.
Sohag Governorate
Sohag Governorate (محافظة سوهاج) is one of the governorates of Egypt.
See Ptolemy and Sohag Governorate
Solar System
The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.
Springer Science+Business Media
Springer Science+Business Media, commonly known as Springer, is a German multinational publishing company of books, e-books and peer-reviewed journals in science, humanities, technical and medical (STM) publishing.
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St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe)
St.
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Star catalogue
A star catalogue is an astronomical catalogue that lists stars.
See Ptolemy and Star catalogue
Stone Tower (Ptolemy)
Claudius Ptolemy, the Greco-Egyptian geographer of Alexandria, wrote about a "Stone Tower" (λίθινος πύργος, Lithinos Pyrgos in Greek, Turris Lapidea in Latin) which marked the midpoint on the ancient Silk Road – the network of overland trade routes taken by caravans between Europe and Asia.
See Ptolemy and Stone Tower (Ptolemy)
Sublunary sphere
In Aristotelian physics and Greek astronomy, the sublunary sphere is the region of the geocentric cosmos below the Moon, consisting of the four classical elements: earth, water, air, and fire.
See Ptolemy and Sublunary sphere
Syracuse University
Syracuse University (informally 'Cuse or SU) is a private research university in Syracuse, New York, United States.
See Ptolemy and Syracuse University
Tetrabiblos
Tetrabiblos (Τετράβιβλος), also known as Apotelesmatiká (Ἀποτελεσματικά) and in Latin as Quadripartitum, is a text on the philosophy and practice of astrology, written by the Alexandrian scholar Claudius Ptolemy in Koine Greek during the 2nd century AD (AD 90– AD 168).
Tetrachord
In music theory, a tetrachord (τετράχορδoν; tetrachordum) is a series of four notes separated by three intervals.
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians is an encyclopedic dictionary of music and musicians.
See Ptolemy and The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians
Thebaid
The Thebaid or Thebais (Θηβαΐς, Thēbaïs) was a region in ancient Egypt, comprising the 13 southernmost nomes of Upper Egypt, from Abydos to Aswan.
Theodore Meliteniotes
Theodore Meliteniotes (Θεόδωρος Μελιτηνιώτης; Constantinople, c. 1320 - 8 March 1393) was a Byzantine Greek astronomer, a sakellarios (treasurer) in the Byzantine bureaucracy, a supporter of Gregory Palamas and an opponent of the reunion with the Catholic Church.
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Theology
Theology is the study of religious belief from a religious perspective, with a focus on the nature of divinity.
Theon of Alexandria
Theon of Alexandria (Θέων ὁ Ἀλεξανδρεύς) was a Greek scholar and mathematician who lived in Alexandria, Egypt. Ptolemy and Theon of Alexandria are ancient Greek astronomers and ancient Greek mathematicians.
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Topographic map
In modern mapping, a topographic map or topographic sheet is a type of map characterized by large-scale detail and quantitative representation of relief features, usually using contour lines (connecting points of equal elevation), but historically using a variety of methods.
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Transactions of the American Philological Association
Transactions of the American Philological Association (TAPA) is a peer-reviewed academic journal established in 1869 and the official publication of the Society for Classical Studies.
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Treatise
A treatise is a formal and systematic written discourse on some subject concerned with investigating or exposing the principles of the subject and its conclusions.
Tufts University
Tufts University is a private research university in Medford and Somerville, Massachusetts, with additional facilities in Boston and Grafton, Massachusetts, and in Talloires.
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University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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University of Oklahoma
The University of Oklahoma (OU) is a public research university in Norman, Oklahoma, United States.
See Ptolemy and University of Oklahoma
Upper Egypt
Upper Egypt (صعيد مصر, shortened to الصعيد,, locally) is the southern portion of Egypt and is composed of the Nile River valley south of the delta and the 30th parallel N. It thus consists of the entire Nile River valley from Cairo south to Lake Nasser (formed by the Aswan High Dam).
Zhang Heng
Zhang Heng (AD 78–139), formerly romanized Chang Heng, was a Chinese polymathic scientist and statesman who lived during the Han dynasty. Ptolemy and Zhang Heng are 2nd-century geographers.
Zij
A zij (zīj) is an Islamic astronomical book that tabulates parameters used for astronomical calculations of the positions of the sun, moon, stars, and planets.
See Ptolemy and Zij
4001 Ptolemaeus
4001 Ptolemaeus, provisional designation, is a Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately in diameter.
See Ptolemy and 4001 Ptolemaeus
See also
100 births
170 deaths
- Alexander of Abonoteichus
- Apuleius
- Constantius of Perugia
- Demonax
- Junius Rusticus
- Marcus Claudius Fronto
- Ptolemy
- Saint Hermias
- Severinus, Exuperius, and Felician
- Thraseas
- Tiberius Julius Eupator
2nd-century Egyptian people
- Achilles Tatius
- Ammonius Saccas
- Apelles (Gnostic)
- Apollonius Dyscolus
- Appian
- Arnouphis
- Athenaeus
- Basilides
- Berenice (Oxyrhynchus)
- Claudius Terentianus
- Claudius Tiberianus
- Dionysius Periegetes
- Harpocration
- Hephaestion (grammarian)
- Isidorus
- Julius Pollux
- Lucius Volusius Maecianus
- Marcellina (Gnostic)
- Nicanor Stigmatias
- Origen
- Ptolemy
2nd-century astronomers
- Ptolemy
2nd-century geographers
2nd-century mathematicians
2nd-century poets
- Florus
- Julia Balbilla
- Marcellus of Side
- Oppian
- Ptolemy
Ancient Greek astrologers
- Antiochus of Athens
- Antipater (astrologer)
- Apollonius of Laodicea
- Apollonius of Myndus
- Archinapolus
- Critodemus
- Dorotheus of Sidon
- Epigenes of Byzantium
- Hephaestion of Thebes
- Paulus Alexandrinus
- Ptolemy
- Thrasyllus of Mendes
- Tiberius Claudius Balbilus
- Vettius Valens
Ancient Greek astronomers
- Aglaonice
- Agrippa (astronomer)
- Anaximander
- Andronicus of Cyrrhus
- Apollinarius (astrologer)
- Apollonius of Perga
- Aratus
- Aristarchus of Samos
- Aristyllus
- Arrianus (astronomer)
- Attalus of Rhodes
- Autolycus of Pitane
- Bion of Abdera
- Callippus
- Carpus of Antioch
- Cleomedes
- Cleostratus
- Conon of Samos
- Diodorus of Alexandria
- Ecphantus the Pythagorean
- Eratosthenes
- Euctemon
- Eudoxus of Cnidus
- Geminus
- Harpalus (astronomer)
- Hephaestio
- Heraclides Ponticus
- Hicetas
- Hipparchus
- Hypsicles
- List of ancient Greek astronomers
- Menelaus of Alexandria
- Meton of Athens
- Oenopides
- Philip of Opus
- Posidonius
- Ptolemy
- Pytheas
- Sosigenes (astronomer)
- Sosigenes the Peripatetic
- Sporus of Nicaea
- Teucer of Babylon
- Thales of Miletus
- Theodosius of Bithynia
- Theon of Alexandria
- Timocharis
- Vettius Valens
Ancient Greek geographers
- Agatharchides
- Agathemerus
- Alexander Polyhistor
- Androetas
- Androsthenes of Thasos
- Apollas
- Archelaus (geographer)
- Aristobulus of Cassandreia
- Artemidorus Ephesius
- Autolycus of Pitane
- Damastes of Sigeum
- Deimachus
- Demodamas
- Dicaearchus
- Dionysius of Byzantium
- Eratosthenes
- Hecataeus of Miletus
- Heliodorus of Athens
- Hipparchus
- Isidore of Charax
- List of Graeco-Roman geographers
- Marinus of Tyre
- Megasthenes
- Patrocles (geographer)
- Pausanias (geographer)
- Polemon of Athens
- Posidonius
- Pseudo-Scymnus
- Ptolemy
- Pytheas
- Scylax of Caryanda
- Scymnus
- Staphylus of Naucratis
- Strabo
- Themistagoras of Ephesus
- Theophilus (geographer)
- Timosthenes
- Zeno of Rhodes
Ancient Greek music theorists
- Adrastus of Aphrodisias
- Alypius of Alexandria
- Archestratus (music theorist)
- Archytas
- Aristides Quintilianus
- Aristoxenus
- Cleonides
- Didymus the Musician
- Eratosthenes
- Gaudentius (music theorist)
- Nicomachus
- Ptolemais of Cyrene
- Ptolemy
- Pythagoras
- Theon of Smyrna
Ancient Roman geographers
- Alypius of Antioch
- Gaius Julius Solinus
- Gaius Licinius Mucianus
- Isidore of Charax
- List of Graeco-Roman geographers
- Marinus of Tyre
- Pausanias (geographer)
- Pliny the Elder
- Polemius Silvius
- Pomponius Mela
- Ptolemy
- Strabo
Ancient occultists
- Apsethus the Libyan
- Atomus
- Chu Fu
- Cyprian and Justina
- Elymas
- Hermes Trismegistus
- Iamblichus
- Jannes and Jambres
- Julian (emperor)
- Mary the Jewess
- Menander (Gnostic)
- Nigidius Figulus
- Ptolemy
- Pythagoras
- Simon Magus
- Theoris of Lemnos
- Vyasa
- Witch of Endor
- Xu Fu
- Zhongli Chun
- Zosimos of Panopolis
Astrological writers
Egyptian astronomers
- Andreas Gerasimos Michalitsianos
- Farouk El-Baz
- Ismail Mustafa al-Falaki
- Mahmud Ahmad Hamdi al-Falaki
- Ptolemy
Egyptian calendar
- Ancient Egyptian units of measurement
- Astronomical ceiling of Senenmut's Tomb
- Book of Nut
- Coptic calendar
- Decan
- Decree of Canopus
- Dendera zodiac
- Egyptian astronomy
- Egyptian calendar
- Egyptian chronology
- Epip
- Hathor (month)
- Heliacal rising
- Hellenistic astrology
- History of timekeeping devices in Egypt
- Intercalary month (Egypt)
- Koiak
- Meshir
- Mesori
- Nabta Playa
- Paoni
- Paopi
- Paremhat
- Parmouti
- Pashons
- Ptolemy
- Season of the Emergence
- Season of the Harvest
- Season of the Inundation
- Sothic cycle
- Thout
- Tobi (month)
Egyptian mathematicians
References
Also known as Analemma (Ptolemy), Astronomer Ptolemy, Claudius Ptolemaeus, Claudius Ptolemaios, Claudius Ptolemäus, Claudius Ptolemy, Claudius Ptolemy Of Alexandria, Klaudios Ptolemaios, Klaudius Ptolemaeus, Klaudius Ptolemeus, Klaúdios Ptolemaĩos, Plotemy, Potolemy, Ptolemaeus, Ptolemäus, Ptolemeus, Ptolemey, Ptolemy (astrologer), Ptolemy (astronomer), Ptolemy (geographer), Ptolemy (mathematician), Ptolemy (music theorist), Ptolemy (scholar), Ptolemy of Alexandria, Ptolemy's Optics, Ptolemy's discovery, Ptolomey, Ptolomy, Tolemaeus, Πτολεμαίος.
, Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Eclipse, Ecumene, Egypt, Egyptian Greeks, Egyptians, Electional astrology, Embedded system, Epistemology, Equant, Equator, Eratosthenes, Eugenius of Palermo, Evection, Florida State University, Gazetteer, Geocentric model, Geografiska Annaler, Geographer, Geographic coordinate system, Geography, Geography (Ptolemy), Geography and cartography in the medieval Islamic world, Geometric modeling, George Sarton, Gerald J. Toomer, Greco-Roman world, Greek mathematics, Greek mythology, Grid (spatial index), Handy Tables, Harmonices Mundi, Heliocentrism, Hellenization, Hero of Alexandria, Hipparchus, History of Iran, History of optics, Homeric Greek, Horoscopic astrology, Ibn al-Haytham, Imago Mundi, Internet Archive, Isis (journal), J. H. Parry, Jean Baptiste Joseph Delambre, Johannes Kepler, Journal for the History of Astronomy, Just intonation, Justus van Gent, Koine Greek, Late antiquity, Latin translations of the 12th century, Latitude, Library of Congress, Loeb Classical Library, Macedonia (ancient kingdom), Map, Map projection, Marinus of Tyre, Mars, Mathematician, Maximus Planudes, Meantone temperament, Medical astrology, Messier 7, Metaphysics, Middle Ages, Midsummer, Monochord, Moon, Moon illusion, Music theory, Musica universalis, Natural philosophy, Nero, New York University, Numerology, Octave, Optics, Orrery, Owen Gingerich, Oxford University Press, Palimpsest, Pedro Berruguete, Pei Xiu, Perception (journal), Perfect fifth, Perfect fourth, Persians, Perspectives on Science, Pharaoh, Phronesis, Physics in the medieval Islamic world, Planet, Planisphaerium, Plato Tiburtinus, Platonism, Polar circle, Princeton University Press, Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Pseudepigrapha, Psychology, Psychology of Music, Ptolemaeus (lunar crater), Ptolemaeus (Martian crater), Ptolemaic dynasty, Ptolemaic graph, Ptolemaic Kingdom, Ptolemais Hermiou, Ptolemy (name), Ptolemy I Soter, Ptolemy Project, Ptolemy Slocum, Ptolemy's inequality, Ptolemy's intense diatonic scale, Ptolemy's table of chords, Ptolemy's theorem, Ptolemy's world map, Pythagorean tuning, Pythagoreanism, Quadrant (instrument), Quaerendo, Reflection (physics), Refraction, Renaissance, Robert Russell Newton, Roman citizenship, Roman Egypt, Roman Empire, Science (journal), Science in the medieval Islamic world, Science in the Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, Shetland, Sidereal time, Silk Road, Sohag Governorate, Solar System, Springer Science+Business Media, St. John's College (Annapolis/Santa Fe), Star catalogue, Stone Tower (Ptolemy), Sublunary sphere, Syracuse University, Tetrabiblos, Tetrachord, The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, Thebaid, Theodore Meliteniotes, Theology, Theon of Alexandria, Topographic map, Transactions of the American Philological Association, Treatise, Tufts University, University of California Press, University of Oklahoma, Upper Egypt, Zhang Heng, Zij, 4001 Ptolemaeus.