Communication

491 relations: Abrar-ul-Haq, Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan, Achaemenid Empire, Acronym, Administrative units of Pakistan, Afghanistan, Ahmad Shah Durrani, Ahmadiyya, Ahura Mazda, Akora Khattak, Alam Lohar, Alexander the Great, Ali Hujwiri, All-India Muslim League, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Anarkali, Arabian Sea, Arachosia, Arif Lohar, Arthashastra, Artisan, Ashura, Asthma, Attaullah Khan Esakhelvi, Attock, Attock District, Autonomy, Avesta, Azad Kashmir, Azes I, Babur, Bactria, Badshahi Mosque, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahawalnagar, Bahawalnagar District, Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur District, Bahawalpur Division, Bahawalpur Stags, Bahá'í Faith, Balakot, Balochi language, Balochistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Basant Kite Festival (Punjab), Battle of the Hydaspes, Beaconhouse School System, Beas River, Bhakkar, ..., Bhakkar District, Bhangi Misl, Bhangra (dance), Bhangra (music), Bharata (Ramayana), Bhurban, Blacksmith, British Empire, British Raj, Buddhism, Bulleh Shah, Caliphate, Canal, Capital city, Cash crop, Chakwal, Chakwal District, Chanakya, Charsadda, Chenab River, Chief Secretary (Pakistan), Chiniot, Chiniot District, Choa Saidanshah, Cholistan Desert, Christianity in Pakistan, Clan, Clock Tower, Faisalabad, Community, COMSATS University Islamabad, Constitution of Pakistan, Country, Damascus, Dargah, Dawn (newspaper), Demand response, Demetrius, Demographics of Afghanistan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Dera Ghazi Khan District, Dera Ghazi Khan Division, Derawar Fort, Desert, Dhamaal, Districts of Pakistan, Divisions of Pakistan, Dolomite, Drangiana, Dulla Bhatti, Durrani Empire, East Pakistan, East Punjab, Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr, Elision, English language, Faisalabad, Faisalabad District, Faisalabad Division, Faisalabad Electric Supply Company, Faisalabad railway station, Faisalabad Wolves, Farida Khanum, Fariduddin Ganjshakar, Fashion, Fatima Jinnah Women University, First Anglo-Sikh War, Forman Christian College, Fort Munro, Gandhara, Gandhari people, Gedrosia, General Post Office, Genghis Khan, Ghazi University, Ghaznavids, Ghazni, Ghulam Ali (singer), Giddha, GIFT University, Gondophares, Government College University (Faisalabad), Government College University (Lahore), Government of Pakistan, Greeks, Gross domestic product, Gujranwala, Gujranwala District, Gujranwala Division, Gujranwala Electric Power Company, Gujranwala Medical College, Gujrat City, Gujrat District, Gupta Empire, Gurjara-Pratihara, Guru, Guru Nanak, Gypsum, Hafizabad, Hafizabad District, Hajvery University, Halite, Halotherapy, Han dynasty, Hanafi, Harappa, Hasan Askari Rizvi, Heer Ranjha, Henry George Keene (1826–1915), Hephthalite Empire, High Courts of Pakistan, Himalayas, Hindko, Hindu, Hindu Kush, Hindu Shahi, Hinduism, Hindustani classical music, History of Kashmir, History of Multan, History of the Punjab, Homogeneity and heterogeneity, Human Development Index, Imperial College of Business Studies, Inayat Hussain Bhatti, India, Indian Army, Indian Rebellion of 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Abrar-ul-Haq

Abrar-ul-Haq (Punjabi, ابرار الحق) is a Pakistani pop, bhangra, and folk musician and politician.

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Abu'l-Hasan Asaf Khan

Abu'l-Hasan (1569 - 12 June 1641) entitled by the Mughal emperor Jahangir as Asaf Khan, was the Grand Vizier (Prime minister) of the fifth Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.

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Achaemenid Empire

The Achaemenid Empire, also called the First Persian Empire, was an empire based in Western Asia, founded by Cyrus the Great.

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Acronym

An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components in a phrase or a word, usually individual letters (as in NATO or laser) and sometimes syllables (as in Benelux).

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Administrative units of Pakistan

The administrative units of Pakistan (انتظامی اکائیاں) consist of five provinces (Balochistan, Gilgit-Baltistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Punjab and Sindh), one autonomous territory (Azad Jammu and Kashmir) and one federal territory (Islamabad Capital Territory).

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Afghanistan

Afghanistan (Pashto/Dari:, Pashto: Afġānistān, Dari: Afġānestān), officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located within South Asia and Central Asia.

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Ahmad Shah Durrani

Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (c. 1722 – 16 October 1772) (Pashto: احمد شاه دراني), also known as Ahmad Khān Abdālī (احمد خان ابدالي), was the founder of the Durrani Empire and is regarded as the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan.

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Ahmadiyya

Ahmadiyya (officially, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community or the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at; الجماعة الإسلامية الأحمدية, transliterated: al-Jamā'ah al-Islāmiyyah al-Aḥmadiyyah; احمدیہ مسلم جماعت) is an Islamic religious movement founded in Punjab, British India, in the late 19th century.

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Ahura Mazda

Ahura Mazda (also known as Ohrmazd, Ahuramazda, Hourmazd, Hormazd, Harzoo and Hurmuz) is the Avestan name for the creator and sole God of Zoroastrianism, the old Iranian religion that spread across the Middle East, before ultimately being relegated to small minorities after the Muslim conquest of Iran.

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Akora Khattak

Akora Khattak (اکوړه خټک, Urdu: اکوڑہ خٹک) is a town in Jehangira tehsil of Nowshera District in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

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Alam Lohar

Alam Lohar (محمد عالم لوہار, ਆਲਮ ਲੋਹਾਰ; 1928 – 3 July 1979) was a prominent Punjabi folk music singer from the Punjab region of Pakistan, formerly British India.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.

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Ali Hujwiri

Abu ’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī b. ʿUthmān b. ʿAlī al-Ghaznawī al-Jullābī al-Hujwīrī (c. 1009-1072/77), known as ʿAlī al-Hujwīrī or al-Hujwīrī (also spelt Hajweri, Hajveri, or Hajvery) for short, or reverentially as Shaykh Syed ʿAlī al-Hujwīrī or as Dātā Ganj Bakhsh by Muslims of the Indian subcontinent, was an 11th-century Ghaznian-Persian Sunni Muslim mystic, theologian, and preacher from what is now Afghanistan who became famous for composing the Kashf al-maḥjūb (Unveiling of the Hidden), which is considered the "earliest formal treatise" on Sufism in Persian.

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All-India Muslim League

The All-India Muslim League (popularised as Muslim League) was a political party established during the early years of the 20th century in the British Indian Empire.

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Allama Iqbal Medical College

Allama Iqbal Medical College (علامہ اقبال طبی کالج لاہور), established in 1975, is a public school of medicine, nursing and allied health sciences located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Anarkali

Anarkali (انارکلی (Shahmukhi); Anārkalī) (pomegranate blossom), born as Sharif un-Nissa, and also known as Nadira Begum, was a legendary slave girl.

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Arabian Sea

The Arabian Sea, also known as Sea of Oman, is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India.

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Arachosia

Arachosia is the Hellenized name of an ancient satrapy in the eastern part of the Achaemenid, Seleucid, Parthian, Greco-Bactrian, and Indo-Scythian empires.

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Arif Lohar

Arif Lohar is a Punjabi folk singer from Pakistan.

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Arthashastra

The Arthashastra is an ancient Indian treatise on statecraft, economic policy and military strategy, written in Sanskrit.

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Artisan

An artisan (from artisan, artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing, jewellery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker.

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Ashura

Ashura (عاشوراء, colloquially:; عاشورا; عاشورا; Azerbaijani and Turkish: Aşura Günü or Day of Remembrance), and in Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago 'Hussay' or Hosay, is the tenth day of Muharram in the Islamic calendar.

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Asthma

Asthma is a common long-term inflammatory disease of the airways of the lungs.

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Attaullah Khan Esakhelvi

Attaullah Khan Niazi Esakhelvi (عطاء اللہ خان عیسی خیلوی, born 19 August 1951; surname also translated as Esa Khailvi) also known as 'lala' (which means "elder brother" in Pashto and Punjabi) is a Pakistani award-winning musician from Isakhel, Mianwali, Punjab.

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Attock

Attock City (Punjabi, Urdu), formerly Campbellpore or Campbellpur until 1978, is a city located in northern part of Punjab province of Pakistan near the capital of Islamabad in the Panjistan region, and is the headquarters of Attock District.

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Attock District

Attock District (ضِلع اٹک) is a district in Pothohar Plateau of the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

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Autonomy

In development or moral, political, and bioethical philosophy, autonomy is the capacity to make an informed, un-coerced decision.

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Avesta

The Avesta is the primary collection of religious texts of Zoroastrianism, composed in the otherwise unrecorded Avestan language.

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Azad Kashmir

Azad Jammu and Kashmir (آزاد جموں و کشمیر Āzād Jammū̃ o Kaśmīr, translation: Free Jammu and Kashmir), abbreviated as AJK and commonly known as Azad Kashmir, is a nominally self-governing polity administered by Pakistan.

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Azes I

Azes I (Greek: Ἄζης; c. 48/47 BCE – 25 BCE) was an Indo-Scythian ruler who completed the domination of the Scythians in Gandhara.

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Babur

Babur (بابر|lit.

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Bactria

Bactria or Bactriana was the name of a historical region in Central Asia.

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Badshahi Mosque

The Badshahi Mosque (Punjabi and بادشاہی مسجد, or "Imperial Mosque") is a Mughal era mosque in Lahore, capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab.

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Bahauddin Zakariya University

Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) (جامعۂ بہاؤالدین زکریا) is a public research university with main campus in Multan, Pakistan.

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Bahawalnagar

Bahawalnagar (Punjabi, بہاولنگر), is the capital city of Bahawalnagar District situated in the south east region in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Bahawalnagar District

Bahawalnagar District (ضِلع بہاولنگر), is a district of Punjab province in Pakistan.

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Bahawalpur

Bahawalpur (بہاولپُور; Punjabi), is a city located in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Bahawalpur District

Bahawalpur District (Punjabi,ضلع بہاول پور) is one of the districts of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Bahawalpur Division

Bahawalpur Division was an administrative division of the Punjab Province, Pakistan until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.

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Bahawalpur Stags

The Bahawalpur Stags (بهاولپور سٹاگس) are a Pakistani men's professional Twenty20 cricket team that competes in the Haier T20 League and based in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Bahá'í Faith

The Bahá'í Faith (بهائی) is a religion teaching the essential worth of all religions, and the unity and equality of all people.

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Balakot

Balakot (بالاکوٹ) is a town in Mansehra District in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

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Balochi language

Balochi (بلؤچی, transliteration: balòči) is the principal language of the Baloch people spoken primarily in Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan.

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Balochistan, Pakistan

Balochistan (bəloːt͡ʃɪs't̪ɑːn) (بلوچِستان), is one of the five provinces of Pakistan.

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Bangladesh

Bangladesh (বাংলাদেশ, lit. "The country of Bengal"), officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh (গণপ্রজাতন্ত্রী বাংলাদেশ), is a country in South Asia.

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Basant Kite Festival (Punjab)

The Basant Kite Festival of Punjab has been a historic spring time kite flying event during the Basant Panchami festival in the Punjab region in India and Pakistan.

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Battle of the Hydaspes

The Battle of the Hydaspes was fought in 326 BC between Alexander the Great and King Porus of the Paurava kingdom on the banks of the river Jhelum (known to the Greeks as Hydaspes) in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent (modern-day Punjab, Pakistan).

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Beaconhouse School System

The Beaconhouse School System is one of the largest private school networks in the world.

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Beas River

The Beas River also known as the Biás or Bias, (Sanskrit: विपाशा Vipāśā; Hyphasis), is a river in north India.

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Bhakkar

Bhakkar (بهكّر), is the principal city of Bhakkar District, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Bhakkar District

Bhakkar District (ضِلع بهكّر), is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Bhangi Misl

The Bhangi Misl (ਭੰਗੀ ਮਿਸਲ (Gurmukhi), بھنگی مثل (Shahmukhi)) was a large Dhillion Jat Sikh Misl headquartered in a village near Amritsar.

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Bhangra (dance)

The term Bhaṅgṛā (ਭੰਗੜਾ (Gurmukhi), (Shahmukhi); pronounced) refers to the traditional dance from the Indian subcontinent originating in the Majha area of the Punjab region.

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Bhangra (music)

Bhaṅgṛā (بھنگڑ(Shahmukhi), ਭੰਗੜਾ (Gurmukhi)) is a type of upbeat popular music associated with India and the diaspora of southeast Asia into the North America and Europe.

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Bharata (Ramayana)

Bharata (Sanskrit: भरत, IAST: Bharata) is a Hindu deity depicted in the epic poem, Ramayana.

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Bhurban

Bhurban (بھوربن.) is a small town and a hill station in Punjab province, Pakistan.

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Blacksmith

A blacksmith is a metalsmith who creates objects from wrought iron or steel by forging the metal, using tools to hammer, bend, and cut (cf. whitesmith).

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British Empire

The British Empire comprised the dominions, colonies, protectorates, mandates and other territories ruled or administered by the United Kingdom and its predecessor states.

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British Raj

The British Raj (from rāj, literally, "rule" in Hindustani) was the rule by the British Crown in the Indian subcontinent between 1858 and 1947.

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Bulleh Shah

Syed Abdullah Shah Qadri (سید عبداللہ شاہ قادری), popularly known as Bulleh Shah, was a Mughal-era Punjabi Islamic philosopher and Sufi poet.

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Caliphate

A caliphate (خِلافة) is a state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (خَليفة), a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire ummah (community).

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Canal

Canals, or navigations, are human-made channels, or artificial waterways, for water conveyance, or to service water transport vehicles.

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Capital city

A capital city (or simply capital) is the municipality exercising primary status in a country, state, province, or other administrative region, usually as its seat of government.

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Cash crop

A cash crop or profit crop is an agricultural crop which is grown for sale to return a profit.

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Chakwal

Chakwal (Punjabi and چکوال) is the capital and main city of Chakwal District, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Chakwal District

Chakwal District (Punjabi and ضِلع چکوال) is in Pothohar Plateau of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Chanakya

Chanakya (IAST:,; fl. c. 4th century BCE) was an Indian teacher, philosopher, economist, jurist and royal advisor.

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Charsadda

Charsadda (چارسده, چارسده) is a town and headquarters of Charsadda District, in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

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Chenab River

The Chenab River (चेनाब; ਚਨਾਬ,; چناب) is a major river that flows in India and Pakistan, and is one of the 5 major rivers of the Punjab region.

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Chief Secretary (Pakistan)

In Pakistan, the position of Chief Secretary is occupied by the highest-ranking civil servant in each of the four provinces.

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Chiniot

Chiniot (Urdu, چنیوٹ) is a city and the administrative headquarter of Chiniot District in the state of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Chiniot District

Chiniot District (Punjabi and ضِلع چِنيوٹ), became the 36th district of the Punjab province of Pakistan in February 2009.

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Choa Saidanshah

Choa Saidan Shah (in Punjabi چویا سےرن شاہ چوآسيدن شاه), is a small town and Union Council of Chakwal District in the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

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Cholistan Desert

The Cholistan Desert (صحرائے چولستان; Saraki), also locally known as Rohi, sprawls from Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan and covers an area of.

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Christianity in Pakistan

Christians make up one of the two largest (non-Muslim) religious minorities in Pakistan, along with Hindus.

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Clan

A clan is a group of people united by actual or perceived kinship and descent.

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Clock Tower, Faisalabad

The Faisalabad Clock Tower is a clock tower in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan, and is one of the oldest monuments still standing in its original state from the period of the British Raj.

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Community

A community is a small or large social unit (a group of living things) that has something in common, such as norms, religion, values, or identity.

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COMSATS University Islamabad

COMSATS University (CU), formerly known as COMSATS Institute of Information Technology (CIIT), is a public university in Pakistan.

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Constitution of Pakistan

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu), also known as the 1973 Constitution is the supreme law of Pakistan.

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Country

A country is a region that is identified as a distinct national entity in political geography.

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Damascus

Damascus (دمشق, Syrian) is the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic; it is also the country's largest city, following the decline in population of Aleppo due to the battle for the city.

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Dargah

A Dargah (درگاه dargâh or درگه dargah, also in Urdu) is a shrine built over the grave of a revered religious figure, often a Sufi saint or dervish.

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Dawn (newspaper)

DAWN is Pakistan's oldest, leading and most widely read English-language newspaper.

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Demand response

Demand response is a change in the power consumption of an electric utility customer to better match the demand for power with the supply.

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Demetrius

Demetrius is the Latinized form of the Ancient Greek male given name Dēmḗtrios (Δημήτριος), meaning "devoted to Demeter." Alternate forms include Demetrios, Dimitrios, Dimitris, Dmytro, Dimitri, Demitri, Dhimitër, and Dimitrije, in addition to other forms (such as Russian Dmitri) descended from it.

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Demographics of Afghanistan

The population of Afghanistan is around 33 million as of 2016, which includes the roughly 3 million Afghan citizens living as refugees in both Pakistan and Iran.

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Dera Ghazi Khan

Dera Ghazi Khan (ڈيره غازي خان), abbreviated as D. G. Khan, is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Dera Ghazi Khan District

Dera Ghazi Khan is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Dera Ghazi Khan Division

Dera Ghazi Khan Division was an administrative division of the Punjab Province, Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.

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Derawar Fort

Derawar Fort (قِلعہ دراوڑ), is a large square fortress in Yazman Tehsil, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Desert

A desert is a barren area of landscape where little precipitation occurs and consequently living conditions are hostile for plant and animal life.

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Dhamaal

Dhamaal (धमाल; English translation: Fun) is a 2007 Indian comedy film directed by Indra Kumar and produced by Ashok Thakeria.

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Districts of Pakistan

The Districts of Pakistan (اِضلاعِ پاكِستان), are the third-order administrative divisions of Pakistan, below provinces and divisions, but form the first-tier of local government.

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Divisions of Pakistan

The four provinces and two autonomous territories of Pakistan are subdivided into administrative "divisions", which are further subdivided into districts, tehsils and finally union councils.

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Dolomite

Dolomite is an anhydrous carbonate mineral composed of calcium magnesium carbonate, ideally The term is also used for a sedimentary carbonate rock composed mostly of the mineral dolomite.

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Drangiana

Drangiana or Zarangiana (Δραγγιανή, Drangianē; also attested in Old Western Iranian as Zranka was a historical region and administrative division of the Achaemenid Empire. This region comprises territory around Hamun Lake, wetlands in endorheic Sistan Basin on the Iran-Afghan border, and its primary watershed Helmand river in what is nowadays southwestern region of Afghanistan.

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Dulla Bhatti

Dulla Bhatti (popularly referred to as the "Son of Punjab" or "Robin Hood of Punjab", sometimes spelled Dulha Bhatti and also known as Abdullah Bhatti) (died 1599) came from the Punjab region of medieval India and led a revolt against Mughal rule during the rule of the emperor Akbar.

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Durrani Empire

The Durrani Empire (د درانیانو واکمني), also called the Afghan Empire (د افغانانو واکمني), was founded and built by Ahmad Shah Durrani.

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East Pakistan

East Pakistan was the eastern provincial wing of Pakistan between 1955 and 1971, covering the territory of the modern country Bangladesh.

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East Punjab

East Punjab (known simply as Punjab from 1950) was a province and later a state of India from 1947 until 1966, consisting of the parts of the Punjab Province of British India that went to India following the partition of the province between India and Pakistan by the Radcliffe Commission in 1947.

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Eid al-Adha

Eid al-Adha (lit), also called the "Festival of Sacrifice", is the second of two Islamic holidays celebrated worldwide each year (the other being Eid al-Fitr), and considered the holier of the two.

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Eid al-Fitr

Eid al-Fitr (عيد الفطر) is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting (sawm).

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Elision

In linguistics, an elision or deletion is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a vowel, a consonant, or a whole syllable) in a word or phrase.

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English language

English is a West Germanic language that was first spoken in early medieval England and is now a global lingua franca.

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Faisalabad

Faisalabad (فیصل آباد;; Lyallpur until 1979) is the third-most-populous city in Pakistan, and the second-largest in the eastern province of Punjab.

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Faisalabad District

Faisalabad District (Lyallpur District until 1979) (Punjabi and ضلع فیصل آباد) is one of the districts of Punjab province, Pakistan.

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Faisalabad Division

Faisalabad Division was an administrative division of Punjab, Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.

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Faisalabad Electric Supply Company

Faisalabad Electric Supply Company (FESCO) is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Faisalabad railway station

Faisalabad railway station (فيصل آباد ریلوے اسٹیشن, فيصل آباد ریلوے اسٹیشن) is located in Faisalabad city (formerly Lyallpur), Punjab province of Pakistan on the Khanewal-Wazirabad Branch Line.

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Faisalabad Wolves

The Faisalabad Wolves is a domestic limited overs cricket team based in Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Farida Khanum

Farida Khanum (فرِیدہ خانُم), (Punjabi) is a prolific Pakistani classical singer from the province of Punjab.

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Fariduddin Ganjshakar

Farīd al-Dīn Masʿūd Ganj-i-Shakar (c. 1175-1266), known reverentially as Bābā Farīd or Shaykh Farīd by Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus of the Punjab Region, or simply as Farīduddīn Ganjshakar, was a 12th-century Punjabi Muslim preacher and mystic who went on to become "one of the most revered and distinguished...

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Fashion

Fashion is a popular style, especially in clothing, footwear, lifestyle products, accessories, makeup, hairstyle and body.

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Fatima Jinnah Women University

Fatima Jinnah Women University (فاطمہ جناح وؤمن یونیورسٹی) or FJWU is a public university in the neighborhood of Mall Road of Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.

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First Anglo-Sikh War

The First Anglo-Sikh War was fought between the Sikh Empire and the East India Company between 1845 and 1846.

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Forman Christian College

Forman Christian College is an independent research liberal arts university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan founded in 1864.

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Fort Munro

Fort Munro (فورٹ منرو), (Balochi: تمن لیغاری or فورٹ منرو) also known as Tuman Leghari, is a hill station, located at a height of 6,470 feet above sea level in Dera Ghazi Khan.

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Gandhara

Gandhāra was an ancient kingdom situated along the Kabul and Swat rivers of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

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Gandhari people

The Gandharis (गंधारी), are a tribe attested from the Rigveda (RV 1.120.1, 1.126.7) and later texts.

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Gedrosia

Gedrosia (Γεδρωσία) is the Hellenized name of the part of coastal Baluchistan that roughly corresponds to today's Makran.

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General Post Office

The General Post Office (GPO) was officially established in England in 1660 by Charles II and it eventually grew to combine the functions of state postal system and telecommunications carrier.

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Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan or Temüjin Borjigin (Чингис хаан, Çingis hán) (also transliterated as Chinggis Khaan; born Temüjin, c. 1162 August 18, 1227) was the founder and first Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death.

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Ghazi University

Ghazi University (غازی یونیورسٹی) is a university in Dera Ghazi Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Ghaznavids

The Ghaznavid dynasty (غزنویان ġaznaviyān) was a Persianate Muslim dynasty of Turkic mamluk origin, at their greatest extent ruling large parts of Iran, Afghanistan, much of Transoxiana and the northwest Indian subcontinent from 977 to 1186.

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Ghazni

Ghazni (Pashto/Persian) or Ghaznai, also historically known as Ghaznin or Ghazna, is a city in Afghanistan with a population of nearly 150,000 people.

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Ghulam Ali (singer)

Ustad Ghulam Ali (غُلام علی), (born 5 December 1940) is a Pakistani ghazal and playback singer of the Patiala Gharana.

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Giddha

Giddha (گدها) is a popular folk dance of women in Punjab region of India and Pakistan.

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GIFT University

GIFT University (GU) is a private university located in Gujranwala, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Gondophares

Gondophares I was the founder of the Indo-Parthian Kingdom in western Pakistan.

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Government College University (Faisalabad)

GC University Faisalabad (GCUF) گورنمنٹ کالج یونیورسٹی فیصل آباد) is a general public research university based in Faisalabad, Pakistan.

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Government College University (Lahore)

The Government College University (GCU) is a public research university located in the downtown, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Government of Pakistan

The Government of Pakistan (حکومتِ پاکستان) is a federal government established by the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted governing authority of the four provinces of a proclaimed and established parliamentary democratic republic, constitutionally called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.

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Greeks

The Greeks or Hellenes (Έλληνες, Éllines) are an ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus, southern Albania, Italy, Turkey, Egypt and, to a lesser extent, other countries surrounding the Mediterranean Sea. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world.. Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered on the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age.. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed between the Greek peninsula, the western coast of Asia Minor, the Black Sea coast, Cappadocia in central Anatolia, Egypt, the Balkans, Cyprus, and Constantinople. Many of these regions coincided to a large extent with the borders of the Byzantine Empire of the late 11th century and the Eastern Mediterranean areas of ancient Greek colonization. The cultural centers of the Greeks have included Athens, Thessalonica, Alexandria, Smyrna, and Constantinople at various periods. Most ethnic Greeks live nowadays within the borders of the modern Greek state and Cyprus. The Greek genocide and population exchange between Greece and Turkey nearly ended the three millennia-old Greek presence in Asia Minor. Other longstanding Greek populations can be found from southern Italy to the Caucasus and southern Russia and Ukraine and in the Greek diaspora communities in a number of other countries. Today, most Greeks are officially registered as members of the Greek Orthodox Church.CIA World Factbook on Greece: Greek Orthodox 98%, Greek Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%. Greeks have greatly influenced and contributed to culture, arts, exploration, literature, philosophy, politics, architecture, music, mathematics, science and technology, business, cuisine, and sports, both historically and contemporarily.

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Gross domestic product

Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all final goods and services produced in a period (quarterly or yearly) of time.

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Gujranwala

Gujranwala (Punjabi, گوجرانوالا) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan, that is located north of the nearby provincial capital of Lahore.

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Gujranwala District

Gujranwala District (Punjabi and ضِلع گُوجرانوالا), is a district in Punjab, Pakistan.

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Gujranwala Division

Gujranwala Division is an administrative division of Punjab Province, Pakistan and is considered the largest division of the Punjab province, taking into accounts its area and population.

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Gujranwala Electric Power Company

Aadii companies...

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Gujranwala Medical College

Gujranwala Medical College (گوجرانوالہ طبی کالج) is situated at Alipur Chatha Road Gujranwala, in the Province of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Gujrat City

Gujrat (Punjabi, گُجرات), is a city in Punjab Province of Pakistan.

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Gujrat District

Gujrat (Punjabi and ضِلع گُجرات), is a district of Punjab Province in Pakistan.

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Gupta Empire

The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire, existing from approximately 240 to 590 CE.

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Gurjara-Pratihara

The Gurjara-Pratihara dynasty, also known as the Pratihara Empire, was an imperial power during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, that ruled much of Northern India from the mid-7th to the 11th century.

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Guru

Guru (गुरु, IAST: guru) is a Sanskrit term that connotes someone who is a "teacher, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field.

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Guru Nanak

Guru Nanak (IAST: Gurū Nānak) (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539) was the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.

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Gypsum

Gypsum is a soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O.

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Hafizabad

Hafizabad (Punjabi and حافظ آباد) is a city and tehsil of Hafizabad district in the Punjab province of Pakistan near Gujranwala division.

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Hafizabad District

Hafizabad District (Punjabi and ضلع حافظ آباد) is located in Punjab, Pakistan.

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Hajvery University

Hajvery University (HU) (جامعۂ ھجویری.) is a university in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Halite

Halite, commonly known as rock salt, is a type of salt, the mineral (natural) form of sodium chloride (NaCl).

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Halotherapy

Halotherapy, derived from the Greek alas, meaning "salt", is a form of alternative medicine which makes use of salt.

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Han dynasty

The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.

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Hanafi

The Hanafi (حنفي) school is one of the four religious Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence (fiqh).

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Harappa

Harappa (Urdu/ہڑپّہ) is an archaeological site in Punjab, Pakistan, about west of Sahiwal.

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Hasan Askari Rizvi

Hassan Askari Rizvi (Urdu: حسن عسكرى رضوى; SI), is a Pakistani political scientist and military analyst who is currently serving as caretaker Chief Minister of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Heer Ranjha

Heer Ranjha (ہیر رانجھا) is one of several popular tragic romances of Punjab.

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Henry George Keene (1826–1915)

Henry George Keene (1826–1915) was an English historian of medieval and modern India.

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Hephthalite Empire

The Hephthalites (or Ephthalites) were a people of Central Asia who were militarily important circa 450–560.

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High Courts of Pakistan

introduction There are five High Courts of Pakistan, each of four based in the capital city of one of the four provinces.

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Himalayas

The Himalayas, or Himalaya, form a mountain range in Asia separating the plains of the Indian subcontinent from the Tibetan Plateau.

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Hindko

Hindko (ہندکو ALA-LC) is a cover term for a diverse group of Lahnda (Western Punjabi) dialects spoken by people of various ethnic backgrounds in several discontinuous areas in northwestern Pakistan, primarily in the provinces of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab.

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Hindu

Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.

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Hindu Kush

The Hindu Kush, also known in Ancient Greek as the Caucasus Indicus (Καύκασος Ινδικός) or Paropamisadae (Παροπαμισάδαι), in Pashto and Persian as, Hindu Kush is an mountain range that stretches near the Afghan-Pakistan border,, Quote: "The Hindu Kush mountains run along the Afghan border with the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan".

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Hindu Shahi

The Hindu Shahi held sway over the Kabul Valley and Gandhara (modern-day Pakistan and Afghanistan) from as far back as the fourth century CE.

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.

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Hindustani classical music

Hindustani classical music is the traditional music of northern areas of the Indian subcontinent, including the modern states of India, Nepal, Bangladesh and Pakistan.

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History of Kashmir

The history of Kashmir is intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent and the surrounding regions, comprising the areas of Central Asia, South Asia and East Asia.

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History of Multan

Punjab province of Pakistan.

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History of the Punjab

The History of the Punjab concerns the history of the Punjab region the Northern area of the Indian Subcontinent that straddles the modern day countries of India and Pakistan.

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Homogeneity and heterogeneity

Homogeneity and heterogeneity are concepts often used in the sciences and statistics relating to the uniformity in a substance or organism.

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Human Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic (composite index) of life expectancy, education, and per capita income indicators, which are used to rank countries into four tiers of human development.

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Imperial College of Business Studies

Imperial University is a higher education institute in Lahore, Pakistan that offers programs in disciplines including Engineering, Management Sciences, Computing, Information Technology, Applied Technology, Social Sciences, Natural Sciences, Commerce, Medicine, Architecture and Fashion Designing.

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Inayat Hussain Bhatti

Inayat Hussain BHatti (عِنایَت حُسَین بھٹّی), (12 January 1928 – 31 May 1999) was a Pakistani film playback singer, film actor, producer, director, script writer, social worker, columnist, religious scholar and a promoter of the development of the Punjabi language and literature.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indian Army

The Indian Army is the land-based branch and the largest component of the Indian Armed Forces.

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Indian Rebellion of 1857

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was a major uprising in India between 1857–58 against the rule of the British East India Company, which functioned as a sovereign power on behalf of the British Crown.

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Indo-Aryan peoples

Indo-Aryan peoples are a diverse Indo-European-speaking ethnolinguistic group of speakers of Indo-Aryan languages.

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Indo-Greek Kingdom

The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom was an Hellenistic kingdom covering various parts of Afghanistan and the northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent (parts of modern Pakistan and northwestern India), during the last two centuries BC and was ruled by more than thirty kings, often conflicting with one another.

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Indo-Pakistani War of 1965

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was a culmination of skirmishes that took place between April 1965 and September 1965 between Pakistan and India. The conflict began following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar, which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against Indian rule. India retaliated by launching a full-scale military attack on West Pakistan. The seventeen-day war caused thousands of casualties on both sides and witnessed the largest engagement of armored vehicles and the largest tank battle since World War II. Hostilities between the two countries ended after a United Nations-mandated ceasefire was declared following diplomatic intervention by the Soviet Union and the United States, and the subsequent issuance of the Tashkent Declaration. Much of the war was fought by the countries' land forces in Kashmir and along the border between India and Pakistan. This war saw the largest amassing of troops in Kashmir since the Partition of British India in 1947, a number that was overshadowed only during the 2001–2002 military standoff between India and Pakistan. Most of the battles were fought by opposing infantry and armoured units, with substantial backing from air forces, and naval operations. Many details of this war, like those of other Indo-Pakistani Wars, remain unclear. India had the upper hand over Pakistan when the ceasefire was declared. "Satisfied that it had secured a strategic and psychological victory over Pakistan by frustrating its attempt to seize Kashmir by force, when the UN resolution was passed, India accepted its terms... with Pakistan's stocks of ammunition and other essential supplies all but exhausted, and with the military balance tipping steadily in India's favour." "Losses were relatively heavy—on the Pakistani side, twenty aircraft, 200 tanks, and 3,800 troops. Pakistan's army had been able to withstand Indian pressure, but a continuation of the fighting would only have led to further losses and ultimate defeat for Pakistan." Quote: The invading Indian forces outfought their Pakistani counterparts and halted their attack on the outskirts of Lahore, Pakistan's second-largest city. By the time the United Nations intervened on 22 September, Pakistan had suffered a clear defeat. Although the two countries fought to a standoff, the conflict is seen as a strategic and political defeat for Pakistan, "... the war itself was a disaster for Pakistan, from the first failed attempts by Pakistani troops to precipitate an insurgency in Kashmir to the appearance of Indian artillery within range of Lahore International Airport." – U.S. Department of State, – Interview with Steve Coll in United States House of Representatives 12 September 1994South Asia in World Politics By Devin T. Hagerty, 2005 Rowman & Littlefield,, p. 26 as it had neither succeeded in fomenting insurrection in Kashmir "... after some initial success, the momentum behind Pakistan's thrust into Kashmir slowed, and the state's inhabitants rejected exhortations from the Pakistani insurgents to join them in taking up arms against their Indian "oppressors." Pakistan's inability to muster support from the local Kashmiri population proved a disaster, both militarily and politically." nor had it been able to gain meaningful support at an international level. "Mao had decided that China would intervene under two conditions—that India attacked East Pakistan, and that Pakistan requested Chinese intervention. In the end, neither of them obtained." Internationally, the war was viewed in the context of the greater Cold War, and resulted in a significant geopolitical shift in the subcontinent. Before the war, the United States and the United Kingdom had been major material allies of both India and Pakistan, as their primary suppliers of military hardware and foreign developmental aid. During and after the conflict, both India and Pakistan felt betrayed by the perceived lack of support by the western powers for their respective positions; those feelings of betrayal were increased with the imposition of an American and British embargo on military aid to the opposing sides. As a consequence, India and Pakistan openly developed closer relationships with the Soviet Union and China, respectively. The perceived negative stance of the western powers during the conflict, and during the 1971 war, has continued to affect relations between the West and the subcontinent. In spite of improved relations with the U.S. and Britain since the end of the Cold War, the conflict generated a deep distrust of both countries within the subcontinent which to an extent lingers to this day."In retrospect, it is clear that the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 represented a watershed in the West's association with the subcontinent.""By extending the Cold War into South Asia, however, the United States did succeed in disturbing the subcontinent's established politico-military equilibrium, undermining British influence in the region, embittering relations between India and Pakistan and, ironically, facilitating the expansion of communist influence in the developing world." "The legacy of the Johnson arms cut-off remains alive today. Indians simply do not believe that America will be there when India needs military help... the legacy of the U.S. "betrayal" still haunts U.S.-Pakistan relations today.".

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Indo-Pakistani War of 1971

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the liberation war in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 to the fall of Dacca (Dhaka) on 16 December 1971.

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Indo-Scythians

Indo-Scythians is a term used to refer to Scythians (Sakas), who migrated into parts of central, northern and western South Asia (Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra) from the middle of the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD.

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Indus Kohistani

Indus Kohistani is a Dardic language spoken in part of the Indus valley in Kohistan District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, Pakistan.

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Indus River

The Indus River (also called the Sindhū) is one of the longest rivers in Asia.

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Indus Valley Civilisation

The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), or Harappan Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation (5500–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.

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Industrialisation

Industrialisation or industrialization is the period of social and economic change that transforms a human group from an agrarian society into an industrial society, involving the extensive re-organisation of an economy for the purpose of manufacturing.

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Institute of Management Sciences (Lahore)

The Institute of Management Sciences (IMS Lahore), formerly known as Pak-American Institute of Management Sciences (Pak-AIMS), is a project of AKEF established in Lahore, Pakistan, in 1987 which offers undergraduate and graduate programs in management and computer sciences.

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Institute of Southern Punjab

Institute of Southern Punjab (جنوبی پنجاب انسٹی ٹیوٹ.) is a University in Multan city in Punjab, Pakistan.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Islamabad

Islamabad (اسلام آباد) is the capital city of Pakistan located within the federal Islamabad Capital Territory.

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Islamabad Capital Territory

Islamabad Capital Territory (وفاقی دارالحکومت, or ICT) is the one and only federal territory of Pakistan.

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Islamia University

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur (IUB), colloquially known as Islamia University, is located in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Jahangir

Mirza Nur-ud-din Beig Mohammad Khan Salim مرزا نور الدین محمد خان سلیم, known by his imperial name (جہانگیر) Jahangir (31 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), was the fourth Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1605 until his death in 1627.

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Jammu and Kashmir

Jammu and Kashmir (ænd) is a state in northern India, often denoted by its acronym, J&K.

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Jandial

Jandial near the city of Taxila in Pakistan is the site of an ancient temple well known for its Ionic columns.

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Jandiala Sher Khan

Jandiala Sherkhan, or Jandiala Sher Khan (جنڈيالہ شيرخان), is a town of Sheikhupura District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Jataka tales

The Jātaka tales are a voluminous body of literature native to India concerning the previous births of Gautama Buddha in both human and animal form.

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Jawad Ahmad

Jawad Ahmad is a Pakistani pop singer and musician.

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Jhang

Jhang (Punjabi and جھنگ) is the capital city of Jhang District, in the province of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Jhang District

Jhang District (Punjabi and ضلع جھنگ) is a district of the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Jhelum

Jhelum (جِہلم) is a city on the right bank of the Jhelum River, in the district of the same name in the north of Punjab province, Pakistan.

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Jhelum District

Jhelum District (ضِلع جِہلم), is in Pothohar Plateau of the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Jhelum River

The Jhelum River, Vitasta (Sanskrit: वितस्ता, fem., also, Vetastā, Kashmiri: Vyeth(ویتھ/व्यथा)), is a river of northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It is the westernmost of the five rivers of Punjab, and passes through Srinager District. It is a tributary of the Indus River and has a total length of about.

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Jugni

Jugni is an age-old narrative device used in Punjabi folk music and sung at Punjabi weddings in India, Pakistan, US, Canada, Australia and UK.

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Jumu'atul-Wida

Jumu'atul-Widaa' (meaning Friday of farewell, also called al-Jumu'ah al-Yateemah or the orphaned Friday Urdu: Al-Widaa Juma) is the last Friday in the month of Ramadan before Eid-ul-Fitr.

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Kahuta

Kahuta (Urdu: کہوٹہ) is a census-designated city and tehsil in the Rawalpindi District of Punjab Province, Pakistan.

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Kanishka

Kanishka I (कनिष्क), or Kanishka the Great, was the emperor of the Kushan dynasty in the second century (c. 127–150 CE).

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Karachi

Karachi (کراچی; ALA-LC:,; ڪراچي) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Sindh.

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Kashmir

Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Kasur

Kasur or Qasur (Punjabi and قصُور) is a city located to south of Lahore, in the Pakistani province of Punjab.

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Kasur District

Kasur District or Qasur District (Punjabi and ضِلع قصُور), is one of the districts in the province of Punjab, Pakistan It came into existence on 1 July 1976.

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Katas Raj Temples

The Katas Raj Temples (Punjabi, کٹاس راج مندر, also known as Qila Katas(), are several Hindu temples connected to one another by walkways. The temples form a complex surrounding a pond named Katas which is regarded as sacred by Hindus. The complex is located in the Potohar Plateau region of Pakistan's Punjab province. The temples are located near the town of Kallar Kahar, and are near the M2 Motorway. The temples' pond is said in the Puranas to have been created from the teardrops of Shiva, after he wandered the Earth inconsolable after the death of his wife Sati. The pond occupies an area of two kanals and 15 marlas, with a maximum depth of 20 feet. The temples play a role in the Hindu epic poem, the Mahābhārata, where the temples are traditionally believed to have been the site where the Pandava brothers spent a significant portion of their exile. It is also traditionally believed by Hindus to be the site where the brothers engaged in a riddle contest with the Yakshas, as described in the Yaksha Prashna. Another tradition states that the Hindu deity Krishna laid the foundation of the temple, and established a hand-made shivling in it. The temples were visited by India's former deputy prime minister Lal Krishna Advani in 2005. In 2006, the Pakistani government began restoration works at the temples, with further improvements announced in 2017.

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Khanewal

Khanewal (Punjabi and خانیوال) is a city and the capital of Khanewal District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Khanewal District

Khanewal District (ضِلع خانیوال; ضِلع خانیوال) is a district of the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology

Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology (KFUEIT) (خواجہ فرید یونیورسٹی آف انجینیئرنگ اینڈ انفارمیشن ٹیکنالوجی ، رحیم یار خان) is a public university located in Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Khewra Salt Mine

The Khewra Salt Mine (or Mayo Salt Mine) is located in Khewra, north of Pind Dadan Khan, an administrative subdivision of Jhelum District, Punjab Region, Pakistan, which rises from the Indo-Gangetic Plain.

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Khushab

Khushab (خُوشاب) is a city as well as a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Khushab District

Khushab District (ضِلع خُوشاب) is a district in the province of Punjab, Pakistan, with its administrative capital in Jauharabad. The district is named after the historical city of Khushab located within its boundaries. According to the 1998 census, the population was 905,711 with 24.76% living in urban areas. The district consists of four tehsils, Khushab, Noorpur Thal, Quaidabad and Naushera. Khushab is home to the Heavy Water and Natural Uranium Research Reactor, part of the Pakistan's Special Weapons Program.

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Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (abbreviated as KP; خیبر پختونخوا; خیبر پښتونخوا) is one of the four administrative provinces of Pakistan, located in the northwestern region of the country along the international border with Afghanistan.

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King Edward Medical University

King Edward Medical University (جامعہ طبی کنگ ایڈورڈ) is a medical university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Kinnaird College for Women University

Kinnaird College (کینارڈ کالج) is a women's liberal arts college located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Kinnow

The 'Kinnow' is a high yield mandarin hybrid cultivated extensively in the wider Punjab region of Pakistan and India.

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Krishna

Krishna (Kṛṣṇa) is a major deity in Hinduism.

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Kushan Empire

The Kushan Empire (Βασιλεία Κοσσανῶν; Κυϸανο, Kushano; कुषाण साम्राज्य Kuṣāṇa Samrajya; BHS:; Chinese: 貴霜帝國; Kušan-xšaθr) was a syncretic empire, formed by the Yuezhi, in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century.

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Lahore

Lahore (لاہور, لہور) is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Punjab, and is the country’s second-most populous city after Karachi.

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Lahore College for Women University

Lahore College for Women University (جامعہ خواتین کالج لاہور) is an independent women's university in Lahore, Pakistan, founded as a women's college in May 1922.

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Lahore District

Lahore District (Punjabi, ضلع لاہور) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan, mainly consisting of the city of Lahore.

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Lahore Division

Lahore Division was an administrative division of Punjab Province, Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.

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Lahore Fort

The Lahore Fort (Punjabi and شاہی قلعہ: Shahi Qila, or "Royal Fort"), is a citadel in the city of Lahore, Pakistan.

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Lahore High Court

The Lahore High Court is based in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Lahore Lions

Lahore Lions (لاہور لائنز, abbreviated as LIO) is a Pakistani franchise cricket team representing the city Lahore and is one of the 19 domestic teams.

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Lahore Museum

The Lahore Museum (لاہور میوزیم; ‎عجائب گھر لاہور; “Lahore Wonder House”), is a museum located in Lahore, Pakistan.

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Lahore Qalandars

Lahore Qalandars (لاہور قلندرز; لہور قلندرز; acronym LQ) is a Pakistani professional cricket franchise which plays in the Pakistan Super League.

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Lahore Resolution

The Lahore Resolution (قرارداد لاہور, Karardad-e-Lahore; Bengali: লাহোর প্রস্তাব, Lahor Prostab),was a declaration written by Muhammad Zafarullah Khan and others and presented by A. K. Fazl ul Huq, the Prime Minister of Bengal, was a formal political statement adopted by the All-India Muslim League on the occasion of its three-day general session in Lahore on 22–24 March 1940.

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Lahore School of Economics

The Lahore School of Economics (LSE) is an independent research university based in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan established in 1993 and chartered by the government in January 1997.

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Lahore University of Management Sciences

The Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) is an independent research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Languages of Pakistan

Pakistan is home to many dozens of languages spoken as first languages.

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Laylat al-Qadr

(from لیلة القدر), variously rendered in English as the Night of Decree, Night of Power, Night of Value, Night of Destiny, or Night of Measures, is in Islamic belief the night when the first verses of the Quran were revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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Layyah

Layyah (Punjabi and Urdu), previously spelled as Leiah, is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Layyah District

Layyah District (ضِلع ليّہ), (ضلع ليہ),is a district in the Punjab, Pakistan.

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Legal Framework Order, 1970

The Legal Framework Order, 1970 (LFO) was a decree issued by then-President of Pakistan Gen.

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Legislature

A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city.

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Legume

A legume is a plant or its fruit or seed in the family Fabaceae (or Leguminosae).

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List of current Pakistani chief ministers

A Chief Minister in Pakistan is the elected Head of Government of one of Pakistan's four Provinces or the two non-provincial sub-national territories that have assemblies.

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List of current Pakistani governors

A Governor in Pakistan is the appointed Head of State of a province.

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List of districts of Pakistan by Human Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic used to rank some area by level of "human development" and separate developed (Very High development), developing (High and Medium development), and underdeveloped (Low development) areas.

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List of Pakistani provinces by gross domestic product

This is a list of provinces of Pakistan by their gross state product (GSP) (the value of the total economy, and goods and services produced in the respective province) in nominal terms.

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List of people from Punjab, Pakistan

This is a list of notable Pakistanis from Punjab.

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List of Punjabi people

This is a list of notable Punjabis.

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Lodhran

Lodhran (لودهراں), is a city and the capital of Lodhran District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Lodhran District

Lodhran District (ضِلع لودهراں), is a district in the Punjab, Pakistan - the city of Lodhran is the capital of the district.

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Lollywood

The Lollywood (لالی وُڈ), is the oldest film industry of Pakistani cinema based in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Macedonia (ancient kingdom)

Macedonia or Macedon (Μακεδονία, Makedonía) was an ancient kingdom on the periphery of Archaic and Classical Greece, and later the dominant state of Hellenistic Greece.

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Madho Lal Hussain

Shah Hussain (شاہ حسین) was a 16th century Punjabi Sufi poet who is regarded as a pioneer of the Kafi form of Punjabi poetry.

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Mahabharata

The Mahābhārata (महाभारतम्) is one of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India, the other being the Rāmāyaṇa.

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Mahajanapada

Mahājanapada (lit, from maha, "great", and janapada "foothold of a tribe, country") was one of the sixteen kingdoms or oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE.

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Mahmud of Ghazni

Yamīn-ud-Dawla Abul-Qāṣim Maḥmūd ibn Sebüktegīn (یمین‌الدوله ابوالقاسم محمود بن سبکتگین), more commonly known as Mahmud of Ghazni (محمود غزنوی; November 971 – 30 April 1030), also known as Mahmūd-i Zābulī (محمود زابلی), was the most prominent ruler of the Ghaznavid Empire.

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Maize

Maize (Zea mays subsp. mays, from maíz after Taíno mahiz), also known as corn, is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago.

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Malika Pukhraj

Malika Pukhraj (ملكہ پکھراج) (1912–2004) was a highly popular Ghazal and folk singer of Pakistan.

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Malkoo

Malkoo (Urdu/Punjabi) born as Mohammad Ashraf Malik (Urdu/Punjabi) in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan is a pop, Punjabi bhangra and folk singer.

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Mandala 1

The first Mandala ("book") of the Rigveda has 191 hymns.

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Mandi Bahauddin

Mandi Bahauddin (Punjabi and منڈی بهاؤالدین) is a city in central Punjab, Pakistan.

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Mandi Bahauddin District

Mandi Bahauddin, also spelled Mandi Baha ud Din, (Punjabi and ضلع منڈی بہاؤالدین) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Maratha Empire

The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy was an Indian power that dominated much of the Indian subcontinent in the 17th and 18th century.

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Margalla Hills

The Margalla Hills is a hill range which is part of the Himalayan foothills located within the Margalla Hills National Park, north of Islamabad, Pakistan.

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Mathura

Mathura is a city in the North Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Maues

Maues (Greek: Μαύης; epigraphically ΜΑΥΟΥ Mauou; r. 85–60 BCE) was an Indo-Scythian king who invaded the Indo-Greek territories.

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Maurya Empire

The Maurya Empire was a geographically-extensive Iron Age historical power founded by Chandragupta Maurya which dominated ancient India between 322 BCE and 180 BCE.

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Mawlid

Mawlid or Mawlid al-Nabi al-Sharif (مَولِد النَّبِي mawlidu n-nabiyyi, "Birth of the Prophet", sometimes simply called in colloquial Arabic مولد mawlid, mevlid, mevlit, mulud among other vernacular pronunciations; sometimes ميلاد mīlād) is the observance of the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad which is commemorated in Rabi' al-awwal, the third month in the Islamic calendar.

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Mecca

Mecca or Makkah (مكة is a city in the Hejazi region of the Arabian Peninsula, and the plain of Tihamah in Saudi Arabia, and is also the capital and administrative headquarters of the Makkah Region. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level, and south of Medina. Its resident population in 2012 was roughly 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the Ḥajj (حَـجّ, "Pilgrimage") period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of Dhūl-Ḥijjah (ذُو الْـحِـجَّـة). As the birthplace of Muhammad, and the site of Muhammad's first revelation of the Quran (specifically, a cave from Mecca), Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam and a pilgrimage to it known as the Hajj is obligatory for all able Muslims. Mecca is home to the Kaaba, by majority description Islam's holiest site, as well as being the direction of Muslim prayer. Mecca was long ruled by Muhammad's descendants, the sharifs, acting either as independent rulers or as vassals to larger polities. It was conquered by Ibn Saud in 1925. In its modern period, Mecca has seen tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, home to structures such as the Abraj Al Bait, also known as the Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel, the world's fourth tallest building and the building with the third largest amount of floor area. During this expansion, Mecca has lost some historical structures and archaeological sites, such as the Ajyad Fortress. Today, more than 15 million Muslims visit Mecca annually, including several million during the few days of the Hajj. As a result, Mecca has become one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the Muslim world,Fattah, Hassan M., The New York Times (20 January 2005). even though non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the city.

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Mehdi Hassan

Mehdi Hasan Khan (مہدی حسَن خان), (18 July 1927 – 13 June 2012) was a Pakistani ghazal singer and playback singer for Lollywood.

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Menander

Menander (Μένανδρος Menandros; c. 342/41 – c. 290 BC) was a Greek dramatist and the best-known representative of Athenian New Comedy.

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Mian Mir

Baba Sain Mir Mohammed Sahib (c. 1550 – 22 August 1635), popularly known as Mian Mir or Miyan Mir, was a famous Sufi Muslim saint who resided in Lahore, specifically in the town of Dharampura (in present-day Pakistan).

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Mianwali

Mianwali (مِيانوالى) is the capital city of Mianwali District, Pakistan.

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Mianwali District

The Mianwali District (ضِلع مِيانوالى; Pashto,ضلع میانوالی), is a district in the northwest of Punjab province, Pakistan.

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Mihirakula

Mihirakula, also Mahiragula, was one of the most important rulers of the Alchon Huns, who led a conquest and gained temporary control of Gandhara, Kashmir, northern and central India.

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Millet

Millets (/ˈmɪlɪts/) are a group of highly variable small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops or grains for fodder and human food.

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Minar-e-Pakistan

Minar-e-Pakistan (مینارِ پاکستان) is a public monument located in, adjacent to the Walled City of Lahore, in the Pakistani province of Punjab.

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Minhaj University Lahore

The Minhaj University Lahore is a private university located in Lahore, Pakistan.

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Mirza Sahiban

Mirza Sahiba (ਮਿਰਜ਼ਾ ਸਾਹਿਬਾਂ, مرزا صاحباں) is one of the three popular tragic romances of India.

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Missionary

A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.

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Mong, Punjab

Mong or Mung (مونگ) is a town and Union Council of Mandi Bahauddin District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Monsoon

Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea.

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Mughal architecture

Mughal architecture is the type of Indo-Islamic architecture developed by the Mughals in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries throughout the ever-changing extent of their empire in the Indian subcontinent.

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Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.

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Muhammad

MuhammadFull name: Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim (ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم, lit: Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim) (مُحمّد;;Classical Arabic pronunciation Latinized as Mahometus c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE)Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition.

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Muhammad bin Qasim

‘Imād ad-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Qāsim ath-Thaqafī (عماد الدين محمد بن القاسم الثقفي; c. 695715) was an Umayyad general who conquered the Sindh and Multan regions along the Indus River (now a part of Pakistan) for the Umayyad Caliphate.

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Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Agriculture

Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture (MNS-UAM) (محمد نواز شریف یونیورسٹی آف ایگریکلچر) is a higher education institute located in Multan, Pakistan.

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Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering & Technology

Muhammad Nawaz Sharif University of Engineering and Technology (MNS-UET) (محمد نواز شریف یونیورسٹی آف انجینیئرنگ اینڈ ٹیکنالوجی ملتان.) is a higher education institute located in Multan, Pakistan.

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Multan

Multan (Punjabi, Saraiki, مُلتان), is a Pakistani city and the headquarters of Multan District in the province of Punjab.

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Multan District

Multan District (ضِلع مُلتان), is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Multan Division

Multan Division was an administrative division of Punjab Province, Pakistan, until the reforms of 2000 abolished the third tier of government.

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Multan Electric Power Company

MEPCO (Multan Electric Power Company) is an electric distribution company which supplies electricity to 13 districts pf South Punjab, Pakistan.

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Multan Medical and Dental College

Multan Medical and Dental College (ملتان طبی اور دندان سازی کالج) abbreviated as MMDC, established in 2008, is a private college of medical and dental school, in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Multan Sultans

Multan Sultans (Urdu, Saraiki/مُلتان سُلطانز) is a Pakistani professional Twenty20 franchise cricket team.

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Multan Tigers

The Multan Tigers are a Pakistani Domestic T20 and List A Cricket team based in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Murree

Murree (Punjabi, مری, marī, meaning "apex") is a mountain resort town, located in the Galyat region of the Pir Panjal Range, within the Rawalpindi District of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Muzaffargarh

Muzaffargarh (مُظفّرگڑھ) is a city in the southwestern Punjab province of Pakistan, located on the bank of the Chenab River.

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Muzaffargarh District

Muzaffargarh District (ضِلع مُظفّرگڑھ) is a district of the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Nader Shah

Nader Shah Afshar (نادر شاه افشار; also known as Nader Qoli Beyg نادر قلی بیگ or Tahmāsp Qoli Khan تهماسپ قلی خان) (August 1688 – 19 June 1747) was one of the most powerful Iranian rulers in the history of the nation, ruling as Shah of Persia (Iran) from 1736 to 1747 when he was assassinated during a rebellion.

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Names of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

The Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (خیبر پښتونخوا, خیبر پختونخوا) has been known by a number of names throughout its history.

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Nankana Sahib

Nankana Sahib (Punjabi and ننكانہ صاحِب) is a city and capital of Nankana Sahib District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Nankana Sahib District

Nankana Sahib District (Punjabi and ضِلع ننكانہ صاحِب) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Narowal

Narowal (نارووال), (Punjabi: نارووال) is a city in the northeast of the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Narowal District

Narowal District (Punjabi and ضِلع نارووال), is a district in the province of Punjab of Pakistan.

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National Assembly of Pakistan

Qaumi Assembly Pakistan (قومی اسمبلئ پاکستان or National Assembly of Pakistan (ایوانِ زیریں پاکستان) is the lower house of the bicameral Majlis-e-Shura, which also comprises the President of Pakistan and Aiwan-e Bala (upper house). The Qaumi Assembly and the Aiwan-e Bala both convene at Parliament House in Islamabad. The National Assembly is a democratically elected body consisting of a total of 342 members who are referred to as Members of the National Assembly (MNAs), of which 272 are directly elected members and 70 reserved seats for women and religious minorities. A political party must secure 172 seats to obtain and preserve a majority. Members are elected through the first-past-the-post system under universal adult suffrage, representing electoral districts known as National Assembly constituencies. According to the constitution, the 70 seats reserved for women and religious minorities are allocated to the political parties according to their proportional representation. Each National Assembly is formed for a five-year term, commencing from the date of the first sitting, after which it is automatically dissolved. Currently the National Assembly can not be dissolved by the President of Pakistan, it is dissolved by the Prime Minister of Pakistan. Election for 13th National Assembly was held on 18 February 2008. On March 17, 2013 13th National Assembly was dissolved on completion of its five-year term under Article 52 of the Constitution. Pakistani general election, 2013 (for the 14th National Assembly) was held on May 11, 2013. Members of 14th National Assembly took oath on June 1, 2013. The 14th National Assembly dissolved on 31 May 2018 after completing its 5 year term.

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National College of Arts

The National College of Arts (قومی کالج هنر or NCA) is a public art school located in Lahore Punjab, Pakistan.

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National Textile University

National Textile University (NTU) is the premier institution of textile education in Pakistan.

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National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences

The National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences (Initials: NUCES and FAST-NU) (نيشنل يونيورسٽي آف ڪمپيوٽر اينڊ امرجنگ سائنسز) is a public research university in Pakistan.

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Naulakha Pavilion

The Naulakha Pavilion is a white marble personal chamber with a curvilinear roof, located beside the Sheesh Mahal courtyard, in the northern section of the Lahore Fort in Lahore, Pakistan.

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NFC Institute of Engineering and Technology

National Fertilizer Corporation Institute of Engineering and Technology Multan also known as NFC-IET, is a federally chartered degree-awarding Institution located in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Nishtar Medical University

Nishtar Medical University (formerly Nishtar Medical College) is a public sector health sciences university located in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Noor Jehan

Noor JehanAshish Rajadhyaksha and Paul Willemen, Encyclopaedia of Indian Cinema, British Film Institute, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2002, pp.

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Noor Mahal

The Noor Mahal (نور محل) is a palace in Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan (Urdu/نصرت فتح علی خان‎; 13 October 1948 – 16 August 1997) was a Pakistani musician, primarily a singer of Qawwali, the devotional music of the Sufis.

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Okara City

Okara (Punjabi, اوکاڑا), is the capital city of Okara District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Okara District

Okara District (Punjabi and ضِلع اوكاڑا), is a district of Sahiwal Division in Punjab, Pakistan.

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Padishah

Padishah, sometimes rendered as Padeshah or Padshah (پادشاه, padişah) is a superlative sovereign title of Persian origin, composed of the Persian pād "master" and the widespread shāh "king", which was adopted by several monarchs claiming the highest rank, roughly equivalent to the ancient Persian notion of "The Great" or "Great King", and later adopted by post-Achaemenid and Christian Emperors.

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Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

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Pakistan Army

Pakistan Army (پاک فوج Pak Fauj (IPA: pɑk fɒ~ɔd͡ʒ); Reporting name: PA) is the land-based force of the Pakistan Armed Forces.

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Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Technology

Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Technology (PIET) is a higher education institution established in Multan, Punjab, Pakistan in 2013.

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Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design

The Pakistan Institute of Fashion and Design (PIFD, formerly known as 'Pakistan School of Fashion Design') is a public sector degree awarding institute specialising in design education.

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Pakistan Movement

The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan (تحریک پاکستان –) was a religious political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of the British Indian Empire.

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Pakpattan

Pakpattan (Punjabi), often referred to as Pākpattan Sharīf ("Noble Pakpattan"), is the capital city of the Pakpattan District, located in central Punjab province in Pakistan.

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Pakpattan District

Pakpattan District (ضِلع پاکپتّن), (Punjabi), is a district of Punjab province in Pakistan, Pakpattan is the district capital.

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Pandava

In the Mahabharata, a Hindu epic text, the Pandavas are the five acknowledged sons of Pandu, by his two wives Kunti and Madri, who was the princess of Madra.

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Panjnad River

Panjnad River (Urdu/Punjabi Shahmukhi: پنجند, (panj.

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Parsi

A Parsi (or Parsee) means "Persian" in the "Persian Language", which today mainly refers to a member of a Zoroastrian community, one of two (the other being Iranis) mainly located in India, with a few in Pakistan.

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Partition of India

The Partition of India was the division of British India in 1947 which accompanied the creation of two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.

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Pashto

Pashto (پښتو Pax̌tō), sometimes spelled Pukhto, is the language of the Pashtuns.

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Pashtuns

The Pashtuns (or; پښتانه Pax̌tānə; singular masculine: پښتون Pax̌tūn, feminine: پښتنه Pax̌tana; also Pukhtuns), historically known as ethnic Afghans (افغان, Afğān) and Pathans (Hindustani: پٹھان, पठान, Paṭhān), are an Iranic ethnic group who mainly live in Pakistan and Afghanistan.

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Patriata

Patriata also known as New Murree is a hill staton in northern Punjab, Pakistan.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Persian people

The Persians--> are an Iranian ethnic group that make up over half the population of Iran.

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Peshawar

Peshawar (پېښور; پشاور; پشور) is the capital of the Pakistani province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

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Peshawar District

Peshawar District (ضلع پشاور, ضلع پېښور) is a district in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

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Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University

Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi (PMAS-Arid University) is in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Porus

Porus or Poros (from Ancient Πῶρος, Pôros), was a great Indian king from the Punjab region, whose territory spanned the region between the Hydaspes (River of Jhelum) and Acesines (Chenab River), in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Pothohar Plateau

The Pothohar Plateau (پوٹھوار, سطح مرتفع پوٹھوہار; alternatively spelled Potohar or Potwar) is a plateau in north-eastern Pakistan, forming the northern part of Punjab.

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Prakrit

The Prakrits (प्राकृत; pāuda; pāua) are any of several Middle Indo-Aryan languages formerly spoken in India.

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Presidencies and provinces of British India

The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of British India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in the subcontinent.

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Prince Saiful Malook and Badri Jamala

Prince Saiful Malook and Badi-ul- Jamal is a classic fable from the Hazara region of Pakistan.

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Professor

Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.

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Progressivism

Progressivism is the support for or advocacy of improvement of society by reform.

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Provincial Assembly of the Punjab

The Provincial Assembly of the Punjab is a unicameral legislature of elected representatives of the province of Punjab, which is located in Lahore, Pakistan.

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Pump organ

The pump organ, reed organ, harmonium, or melodeon is a type of free-reed organ that generates sound as air flows past a vibrating piece of thin metal in a frame.

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Punjab

The Punjab, also spelled Panjab (land of "five rivers"; Punjabi: پنجاب (Shahmukhi); ਪੰਜਾਬ (Gurumukhi); Πενταποταμία, Pentapotamia) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India.

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Punjab Province (British India)

Punjab, also spelled Panjab, was a province of British India.

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Punjab, India

Punjab is a state in northern India.

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Punjabi culture

The culture of the Punjab encompasses the spoken language, written literature, cuisine, science, technology, military warfare, architecture, traditions, values and history of the Punjabi people.

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Punjabi dialects

The Punjabi dialects are the series of dialects spoken in the Punjab region of Pakistan and India.

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Punjabi diaspora

The Punjabi diaspora refers to the descendants of ethnic Punjabis who emigrated out of the Punjab region to the rest of the world.

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Punjabi language

Punjabi (Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ; Shahmukhi: پنجابی) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by over 100 million native speakers worldwide, ranking as the 10th most widely spoken language (2015) in the world.

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Punjabis

The Punjabis (Punjabi:, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ), or Punjabi people, are an ethnic group associated with the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, who speak Punjabi, a language from the Indo-Aryan language family.

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Purna Swaraj

The, or Declaration of the Independence of India, was promulgated by the Indian National Congress on 19 December 1929, resolving the Congress and Indian nationalists to fight for Purna Swaraj, or complete self-rule independent of the British Empire (literally in Sanskrit, purna (पूर्ण), "complete", swa (स्व), "self," raj (राज), "rule," thus "complete self-rule").

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Radcliffe Line

The Radcliffe Line was the boundary demarcation line between India and Pakistan published on 17 August 1947 upon the Partition of India.

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Radha Kumud Mukherjee

Radha Kumud Mukherjee (1884–1964; also spelled Radhakumud or Radha Kumud Mookerji), was an Indian historian and a noted Indian nationalist during the period of British colonial rule.

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Rafique Rajwana

Malik Muhammad Rafique Rajwana (ملك محمد رفيق رجوانہ; born 20 February 1949) is the 36th Governor of Punjab, in office since 10 May 2015.

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Raghunathrao

Raghunathrao (a.k.a. Ragho Ballal or Ragho Bharari) (b. 18 Aug.1734 – d. 11 Dec.1783) was a Peshwa of the Maratha Empire for a brief period from 1773 to 1774.

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Rahim Yar Khan

Rahim Yar Khan is a city in Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Rahim Yar Khan District

Rahim Yar Khan District (ضلع رحیم یار خان) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan and the city of Rahim Yar Khan is its capital.

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Rajanpur

Rajanpur (راجن پُور), is a city and the headquarters of Rajanpur District in the far southwestern part of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Rajanpur District

Rajanpur District (ضِلع راجن پُور), is a district of Punjab province in Pakistan.

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Rajasthan

Rajasthan (literally, "Land of Kings") is India's largest state by area (or 10.4% of India's total area).

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Rama

Rama or Ram (Sanskrit: राम, IAST: Rāma), also known as Ramachandra, is a major deity of Hinduism.

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Ramayana

Ramayana (रामायणम्) is an ancient Indian epic poem which narrates the struggle of the divine prince Rama to rescue his wife Sita from the demon king Ravana.

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Ranjit Singh

Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780 –1839) was the leader of the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century.

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Ravi River

The Ravi (ਰਾਵੀ, راوی, रावी) is a transboundary river crossing northwestern India and eastern Pakistan.

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Rawalpindi

Rawalpindi (Punjabi, راولپِنڈى), commonly known as Pindi (پِنڈی), is a city in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Rawalpindi District

Rawalpindi District (Punjabi and ضِلع راولپِنڈى), is a district located in the northernmost part of the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Rawalpindi Division

Rawalpindi Division was one of the administrative subdivisions of Punjab Province, Pakistan, forming part of the third tier of government below the federal and provincial levels.

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Rawalpindi Rams

The Rawalpindi Rams (Urdu: راولپنڈی ریمز) are a domestic Twenty20 and List A cricket team, based in Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Rigveda

The Rigveda (Sanskrit: ऋग्वेद, from "praise" and "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns along with associated commentaries on liturgy, ritual and mystical exegesis.

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Rigvedic rivers

Rivers, such as the Sapta Sindhavah ("seven rivers" सप्त सिन्धव) play a prominent part in the hymns of the Rig Veda, and consequently in early Hindu religion.

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Rohtas Fort

Rohtas Fort (Punjabi, قلعہ روہتاس; Qila Rohtas) is a 16th-century fortress located near the city of Jhelum in the Pakistani province of Punjab.The fortress was built during the reign of the Pashtun king Sher Shah Suri between 1541 and 1548 in order to help subdue the rebellious tribes of the Potohar region of northern Punjab that were loyal to the Mughal crown.

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S. M. Ikram

Sheikh Muhammad Ikram (Urdu: شیخ محمد اکرام; b. 10 September 1908 – 17 January 1973) better known as S. M. Ikram, was a Pakistani historian, biographer, and littérateur.

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Sacred Heart Cathedral, Lahore

Sacred Heart Cathedral (سیکرڈ ہارٹ کیتھڈرل) was consecrated by Bishop Fabian Eestermans, Bishop of Lahore on 19 November 1907.

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Safavid dynasty

The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.

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Sahiwal

Sahiwal (Punjabi and ساہِيوال) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan.

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Sahiwal District

Sahiwal District (Punjabi and ضِلع ساہِيوال), is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Sahiwal Division

Sahiwal Division (Punjabi, ساہیوال) is one of the nine Divisions of Punjab province, Pakistan.

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Sajjad Ali

Sajjad Ali (born 24 August 1966) is a Pakistani semi-classical, pop and rock singer, poet, actor, film director and film producer from Karachi, Pakistan.

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Salt Range

The Salt Range (سلسلہ کوہ نمک) is a hill system in the Punjab province of Pakistan, deriving its name from its extensive deposits of rock salt.

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Samadhi of Ranjit Singh

The Samadhi of Ranjit Singh (رنجیت سنگھ دی سمادھی) is a 19th-century building in Lahore, Pakistan that houses the funerary urns of the Jat Sikh ruler Ranjit Singh (1780 - 1839).

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Sammi (dance)

Sammi (Gurmukhi: ਸੰਮੀ, Shahmukhi: سمّی) is a traditional dance form originating from the tribal communities of Punjab.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.

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Saraiki language

Saraiki (سرائیکی, also spelt Siraiki, or less often Seraiki) is an Indo-Aryan language of the Lahnda (Western Punjabi) group, spoken in the south-western half of the province of Punjab in Pakistan.

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Saraikistan

Saraikistan (سرائیکستان.) is a proposed new province of Pakistan, comprising the areas with a majority of Saraiki speakers in the southern and western part of Punjab province.

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Sargodha

Sargodha (Punjabi and سرگودھا) is the 11th largest city in Pakistan with a population of 1.5 million.

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Sargodha District

Sargodha District (ضِلع سرگودها), is a district of Punjab, Pakistan.

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Sargodha Division

Sargodha Division is an administrative division of Punjab Province, Pakistan.

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Sargodha Institute of Technology

Sargodha Institute of Technology is a technical institute located in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Sargodha Medical College

Sargodha Medical College (سرگودھا طبی کالج or SMC) is a public sector medical college located in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Sassui Punnhun

Sassi Punnuh or Sassui Punhun (سَسُئيِ پُنهوُن, Sassi Punnun) is a love story from Sindi and Balochi folklore.

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Scythians

or Scyths (from Greek Σκύθαι, in Indo-Persian context also Saka), were a group of Iranian people, known as the Eurasian nomads, who inhabited the western and central Eurasian steppes from about the 9th century BC until about the 1st century BC.

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Second Anglo-Sikh War

The Second Anglo-Sikh War was a military conflict between the Sikh Empire and the British East India Company that took place in 1848 and 1849.

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Secondary sector of the economy

The secondary sector of the economy includes industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction.

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Shah Ismail Dehlvi

Ismail Dehlvi (26 April 1779 – 6 May 1831), Retrieved 9 May 2017 was an islamic scholar and an active member in the jihad proclaimed by Syed Ahmad Barelvi with the support of Pushtun tribes against the Sikh Empire, which ruled the northwest Indian subcontinent with their base in Punjab in the early half of the 19th century.

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Shah Jahan

Mirza Shahab-ud-din Baig Muhammad Khan Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan (شاہ جہاں), (Persian:شاه جهان "King of the World"), was the fifth Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1628 to 1658.

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Shahmukhi alphabet

Shahmukhi (Gurmukhi: ਸ਼ਾਹਮੁਖੀ, meaning literally "from the King's mouth") is a Perso-Arabic alphabet used by Muslims in Punjab to write the Punjabi language.

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Shalimar Gardens, Lahore

The Shalimar Gardens (Punjabi, شالیمار باغ), sometimes spelt Shalamar Gardens, is a Mughal garden complex located in Lahore, capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab.

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Shehbaz Sharif

Mian Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif (born 23 September 1951) is a Pakistani politician who is the current President of the Pakistan Muslim League-N. He recently served as the Chief Minister of Punjab from June 2013 to May 2018 which was his third term.

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Sheikhupura

Shekhupura (شیخُوپُورہ, شیخُوپُور) is a city the Pakistani province of Punjab.

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Sheikhupura District

Shekhupura (ضِلع شيخُوپُورہ) (ضِلع شيخُوپُور), is a district of Punjab province, Pakistan.

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Sheikhupura Division

Sheikhupura Division is an administrative division of the Punjab Province of Pakistan.

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Shia Islam

Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.

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Shiva

Shiva (Sanskrit: शिव, IAST: Śiva, lit. the auspicious one) is one of the principal deities of Hinduism.

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Sialkot

Sialkot (سيالكوٹ and سيالكوٹ) is a city in Punjab, Pakistan.

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Sialkot District

Sialkot District (Punjabi and ضِلع سيالكوٹ), is one of the districts of the Punjab provinces of Pakistan.

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Sialkot Stallions

The Sialkot Stallions are a Faysal Bank T20 Cup team, based in Sialkot, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Sikh

A Sikh (ਸਿੱਖ) is a person associated with Sikhism, a monotheistic religion that originated in the 15th century based on the revelation of Guru Nanak.

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Sikh Empire

The Sikh Empire (also Sikh Khalsa Raj, Sarkar-i-Khalsa or Pañjab (Punjab) Empire) was a major power in the Indian subcontinent, formed under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh, who established a secular empire based in the Punjab.

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Sikhism

Sikhism (ਸਿੱਖੀ), or Sikhi,, from Sikh, meaning a "disciple", or a "learner"), is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent about the end of the 15th century. It is one of the youngest of the major world religions, and the fifth-largest. The fundamental beliefs of Sikhism, articulated in the sacred scripture Guru Granth Sahib, include faith and meditation on the name of the one creator, divine unity and equality of all humankind, engaging in selfless service, striving for social justice for the benefit and prosperity of all, and honest conduct and livelihood while living a householder's life. In the early 21st century there were nearly 25 million Sikhs worldwide, the great majority of them (20 million) living in Punjab, the Sikh homeland in northwest India, and about 2 million living in neighboring Indian states, formerly part of the Punjab. Sikhism is based on the spiritual teachings of Guru Nanak, the first Guru (1469–1539), and the nine Sikh gurus that succeeded him. The Tenth Guru, Guru Gobind Singh, named the Sikh scripture Guru Granth Sahib as his successor, terminating the line of human Gurus and making the scripture the eternal, religious spiritual guide for Sikhs.Louis Fenech and WH McLeod (2014),, 3rd Edition, Rowman & Littlefield,, pages 17, 84-85William James (2011), God's Plenty: Religious Diversity in Kingston, McGill Queens University Press,, pages 241–242 Sikhism rejects claims that any particular religious tradition has a monopoly on Absolute Truth. The Sikh scripture opens with Ik Onkar (ੴ), its Mul Mantar and fundamental prayer about One Supreme Being (God). Sikhism emphasizes simran (meditation on the words of the Guru Granth Sahib), that can be expressed musically through kirtan or internally through Nam Japo (repeat God's name) as a means to feel God's presence. It teaches followers to transform the "Five Thieves" (lust, rage, greed, attachment, and ego). Hand in hand, secular life is considered to be intertwined with the spiritual life., page.

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Sindh

Sindh (سنڌ; سِندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, in the southeast of the country.

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Sindhi language

Sindhi (سنڌي, सिन्धी,, ਸਿੰਧੀ) is an Indo-Aryan language of the historical Sindh region, spoken by the Sindhi people.

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Sirkap

Sirkap (Urdu and سر کپ) is the name of an archaeological site on the bank opposite to the city of Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Sistan

Sīstān (Persian/Baloch/Pashto: سیستان), known in ancient times as Sakastan (Persian/Baloch/Pashto: ساكاستان; "the land of the Saka"), is a historical and geographical region in present-day eastern Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province), southern Afghanistan (Nimruz, Kandahar) and the Nok Kundi region of Balochistan (western Pakistan).

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Soanian

The Soanian is an archaeological culture of the Lower Paleolithic in the Siwalik region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Social stratification

Social stratification is a kind of social differentiation whereby a society groups people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political).

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Sogdia

Sogdia or Sogdiana was an ancient Iranian civilization that at different times included territory located in present-day Tajikistan and Uzbekistan such as: Samarkand, Bukhara, Khujand, Panjikent and Shahrisabz.

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Sohni Mahiwal

Sohni Mahiwal or Suhni Mehar (سوہنی معینوال, ਸੋਹਣੀ ਮਹੀਂਵਾਲ; سهڻي ميهار) is one of the four popular tragic romances of Punjab.

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South Asia

South Asia or Southern Asia (also known as the Indian subcontinent) is a term used to represent the southern region of the Asian continent, which comprises the sub-Himalayan SAARC countries and, for some authorities, adjoining countries to the west and east.

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Subah

A Subah was the term for a province in the Mughal Empire.

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Sufism

Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.

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Sugarcane

Sugarcane, or sugar cane, are several species of tall perennial true grasses of the genus Saccharum, tribe Andropogoneae, native to the warm temperate to tropical regions of South and Southeast Asia, Polynesia and Melanesia, and used for sugar production.

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Sulaiman Mountains

The Sulaiman Mountains (د كسي غرونه; Balochi/Urdu/کوه سليمان), or Kōh-e Sulaymān, are the southern extension of the Hindu Kush mountain system, located in the Zabul, Kandahar and Loya Paktia regions of Afghanistan, and in the southern Federally Administered Tribal Areas (South Waziristan and Frontier Region Dera Ismail Khan), most of northern Balochistan, and some of southwestern Punjab and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in Pakistan.

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Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.

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Sultan Bahu

Sultan Bahu (سُلطان باہُو), (also spelled Bahoo; ca 1630–1691) was a Sufi mystic, poet, and scholar active mostly in the present-day Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Sutlej

The Sutlej River (alternatively spelled as Satluj River) (सतलुज, ਸਤਲੁਜ, शतद्रुम (shatadrum), is the longest of the five rivers that flow through the historic crossroads region of Punjab in northern India and Pakistan. The Sutlej River is also known as Satadree. It is the easternmost tributary of the Indus River. The waters of the Sutlej are allocated to India under the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan, and are mostly diverted to irrigation canals in India. There are several major hydroelectric projects on the Sutlej, including the 1,000 MW Bhakra Dam, the 1,000 MW Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant, and the 1,530 MW Nathpa Jhakri Dam. The river basin area in India is located in Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Jammu and Kashmir, Rajasthan and Haryana states.

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Suzerainty

Suzerainty (and) is a back-formation from the late 18th-century word suzerain, meaning upper-sovereign, derived from the French sus (meaning above) + -erain (from souverain, meaning sovereign).

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Syed Ahmad Barelvi

Syed Ahmad Shaheed Barelvi (1786–1831) was an Indian Muslim revivalist and revolutionary leader from Raebareli, a part of the historical United Provinces of Agra and Oudh.

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Tabla

The tabla is a membranophone percussion instrument originating from the Indian subcontinent, consisting of a pair of drums, used in traditional, classical, popular and folk music.

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Taxila

Taxila (from Pāli: Takkasilā, Sanskrit: तक्षशिला,, meaning "City of Cut Stone" or " Rock") is a town and an important archaeological site in the Rawalpindi District of the Punjab, Pakistan, situated about north-west of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, just off the famous Grand Trunk Road.

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Taxila city

Taxila (ٹيکسلا), is a city in Rawalpindi District of the Punjab, Pakistan.

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Tehsil

A tehsil (also known as a mandal, taluk, taluq or taluka) is an administrative division of some countries of South Asia.

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Temperature measurement

Temperature measurement, also known as thermometry, describes the process of measuring a current local temperature for immediate or later evaluation.

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Thal Desert

The Thal desert (Urdu, Punjabi) is situated in Punjab, Pakistan.

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Tilla Jogian

Tilla Jogian (Punjabi and ٹلہ جوگیاں) is an abandoned Hindu temple and monastic complex located on the summit of the Tilla Jogian mountain in the Salt Range of Pakistan's Punjab province.

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Time in Pakistan

Time in Pakistan is given by Pakistan Standard Time (PKT).

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Timur

Timur (تیمور Temūr, Chagatai: Temür; 9 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane (تيمور لنگ Temūr(-i) Lang, "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror.

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Timur Shah Durrani

Timur Shah Durrani, (Pashto, Persian, Urdu, Arabic:; 1748 – May 18, 1793) was the second ruler of the Durrani Empire, from October 16, 1772 until his death in 1793.

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Toba Tek Singh

Toba Tek Singh (Punjabi and ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ) is a city and tehsil of Toba Tek Singh District in the Pakistani province of Punjab.

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Toba Tek Singh District

Toba Tek Singh District (ضلع ٹوبہ ٹیک سنگھ) is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Tomb of Jahangir

The Tomb of Jahangir (مقبرہُ جہانگیر, جہانگير دا مقبرہ) is a 17th century mausoleum built for the Mughal Emperor Jahangir.

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Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam

The Tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam (مقبرہ شاہ رکن عالم) located in Multan, Pakistan, is the mausoleum of the Sufi saint Sheikh Rukn-ud-Din Abul Fateh.

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Tribe

A tribe is viewed developmentally, economically and historically as a social group existing outside of or before the development of states.

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Tropical savanna climate

Tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate is a type of climate that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification categories "Aw" and "As".

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Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethno-linguistic groups of Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Asia as well as parts of Europe and North Africa.

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Twelver

Twelver (translit; شیعه دوازده‌امامی) or Imamiyyah (إمامية) is the largest branch of Shia Islam.

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Umayya ibn Abd Shams

Umayya ibn Abd Shams (أمية بن عبد شمس) was the son of Abd Shams and is the progenitor of the line of the Umayyad Caliphs.

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Umayyad Caliphate

The Umayyad Caliphate (ٱلْخِلافَةُ ٱلأُمَوِيَّة, trans. Al-Khilāfatu al-ʾUmawiyyah), also spelt, was the second of the four major caliphates established after the death of Muhammad.

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UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.

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Union councils of Pakistan

A Union Council (شیروان‬, Sherwan) forms the second-tier of local government and fifth administrative division in Pakistan.

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University College Lahore

University College Lahore, or UCL, is an institution of higher education in Lahore, Pakistan.

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University of Agriculture Faisalabad

The University of Agriculture (UAF) is a public research university in Faisalabad, Pakistan.

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University of Central Punjab

The University of Central Punjab (جامعہ وسطی پنجاب) or UCP is a private sector university located in Lahore, Pakistan.

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University of Education

The University of Education (یونیورسٹی آف ایجوکیشن) (initials: UE), is a public research university located in a residential area of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore

The University of Engineering and Technology Lahore (جامعہ انجینئری و ٹیکنالوجی لاہور, abbreviated as U.E.T Lahore) is a public research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan specialising in STEM subjects.

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University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila

University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, or UET Taxila (یونیورسٹی آف انجینیئرنگ اینڈ ٹیکنالوجی ، ٹیکسلا) is located in Taxila, Punjab, Pakistan.

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University of Faisalabad

The University of Faisalabad (TUF) is a private sector university of higher education in the city of Faisalabad, Pakistan.

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University of Gujrat

The University of Gujrat (یونیورسٹی آف گجرات) is one of the new major public sector universities in Punjab.

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University of Health Sciences (Lahore)

University of Health Sciences Lahore (جامعہ طبی لاہور) is a public university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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University of Lahore

The University of Lahore (جامعہ لاہور) or UOL is a private university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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University of Management and Technology, Lahore

The University of Management and Technology (UMT) (یونیورسٹی آف مینیجمنٹ اینڈ ٹیکنالوجی) is a private university located in Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan. The University is government-chartered and is recognized by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC). UMT is a project of Institute of Leadership and Management (ILM) Trust which was established in 1990 by leading educationists, professionals and industrialists with an aim to enhance the organizational and individual effectiveness. To date, over 17,000 UMT alumni are serving nationally and globally in leading organizations. In 2015, the University of Management and Technology (UMT) celebrated 25 years of ‘Emergence with Eminence’ in recognition of its contribution to the promotion of higher education in Pakistan. As a premier institution of higher learning in the country, UMT is recognized by the HEC of Pakistan as a ‘W4 Category’ (highest rank) university. For more than two years, UMT was also at the top as per HEC ranking in General Category (medium-sized) of private sector institutions in the Punjab. At present, 150+ accredited programs are being offered in the 13 Schools and 4 Institutes operating in the University. UMT is also the first private sector university to establish HEC approved sub-campus in Sialkot. The University is a member of Asia Pacific Quality Network (APQN), The Association of Advance Collegiate Institutions of Business (AACSB), Association of Management Development Institutions in South Asia (AMDISA), Association of Management Development Institutions in Pakistan (AMDIP) and European Foundation for Management Development (EFMD). The BS Electrical Engineering degree program offered by the university is accredited by Pakistan Engineering Council. MBA and BBA degree programs offered by the university are accredited by. BS programs in computer science and software engineering are accredited by the. has awarded Full SAQS accreditation for a period of five years to the business school of the university.

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University of Michigan

The University of Michigan (UM, U-M, U of M, or UMich), often simply referred to as Michigan, is a public research university in Ann Arbor, Michigan.

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University of Sargodha

The University of Sargodha (یونیورسٹی آف سرگودھا.) is a public research university based in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.

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University of South Asia (Pakistan)

The University of South Asia (جامعہ جنوبی ایشیا) or USA is a chartered university located in Lahore, Pakistan.

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University of the Punjab

The University of the Punjab (جامعہ پنجاب), also referred to as Punjab University, is a public research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

The University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (initials:UVAS), is a public, research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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University of Wah

The University of Wah was established in 2005.

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Urbanization

Urbanization refers to the population shift from rural to urban residency, the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas, and the ways in which each society adapts to this change.

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Urdu

Urdu (اُردُو ALA-LC:, or Modern Standard Urdu) is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language.

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Urs

Urs (from), is the death anniversary of a Sufi saint in South Asia, usually held at the saint's dargah (shrine or tomb).

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Vedic period

The Vedic period, or Vedic age, is the period in the history of the northwestern Indian subcontinent between the end of the urban Indus Valley Civilisation and a second urbanisation in the central Gangetic Plain which began in BCE.

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Vegetable oil

Vegetable oils, or vegetable fats, are fats extracted from seeds, or less often, from other parts of fruits.

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Vehari

Vehari also spelled Vihari (وِہاڑی), is a city about from the historical city of Multan and is the headquarters of Vehari District in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Vehari District

Vehari District (ضِلع وِہاڑی), (ضِلع وِہاڑى), is a district in the Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Virtual University of Pakistan

Virtual University of Pakistan (جامعہ مجازی پاکستان), is a public university located in urban area of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Wagah

Wagah (واہگہ, Shahmukhi واہگہ) or Wahga is a village and union council (UC 181) located in the Wahga Zone of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Wah Cantonment

Wah Cantonment (Punjabi, Urdu) (often abbreviated to Wah Cantt) is a military city located in the Punjab province of Pakistan, near Taxila and to the north west of Rawalpindi/Islamabad.

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Waris Shah

Waris Shah (وارث شاہ (shahmukhi), ਵਾਰਿਸ ਸ਼ਾਹ (gurmukhi); 1722–1798) was a Punjabi Sufi poet of Chishti order, known for his contribution to Punjabi literature.

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West Pakistan

West Pakistan (مغربی پاکستان,; পশ্চিম পাকিস্তান) was one of the two exclaves created at the formation of the modern State of Pakistan following the 1947 Partition of India.

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West Punjab

West Punjab was a province of Pakistan from 1947 to 1955.

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Wet season

The monsoon season, is the time of year when most of a region's average annual rainfall occurs.

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Women University Multan

Women University Multan (وؤمن یونیورسٹی ملتان, WUM) is a higher education institution in Multan, Pakistan.

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World Heritage site

A World Heritage site is a landmark or area which is selected by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) as having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance, and is legally protected by international treaties.

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Yusuf and Zulaikha

Other writers to have retold the story include: Mahmud Gami (Kashmiri).

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Zamindar

A zamindar in the Indian subcontinent was an aristocrat.

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Breadbasket of Pakistan, Demographics of Punjab, Pakistan, Economy of Punjab, Pakistan, Geography of Punjab, Pakistan, Heartland Pakistan, Heartland of Pakistan, Lahnda Punjab, Languages of Punjab, Pakistan, Lehnda Punjab, PK-PB, Pakistan Punjab, Pakistani Panjab, Pakistani Punjab, Pakistani heartland, Panjab (Pakistan), Panjab, Pakistan, Province of Punjab, Punjab (Pakistan), Punjab (Pakistani province), Punjab (province), Punjab Pakistan, Punjab Province (Pakistan), Punjab Province, Pakistan, Punjab in Pakistan, Punjab of Pakistan, Punjab, PK, Punjab,Pakistan, Punjabi province, Religion in Punjab, Pakistan, The Pakistani Punjab, The Punjab (Pakistan), The Punjab, Pakistan, Western Panjab, Western Punjab.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan

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