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Race to the Sea

Index Race to the Sea

The Race to the Sea took place from about 1914, after the Battle of the Frontiers and the German advance into France, which had been stopped at the First Battle of the Marne and was followed by the First Battle of the Aisne a Franco-British counter-offensive. [1]

243 relations: Abbeville, Agadir Crisis, Albert d'Amade, Albert I of Belgium, Alexander von Kluck, Alfred von Schlieffen, Amiens, André Sordet, Armentières, Arras, Artois, Aubers, Åland Islands, Épinal, Bailleul, Nord, Bapaume, Barrage (artillery), Battle of Cer, Battle of Charleroi, Battle of Drina, Battle of Flirey, Battle of Galicia, Battle of Gnila Lipa, Battle of Grand Couronné, Battle of Gumbinnen, Battle of Halen, Battle of Komarów (1914), Battle of Kraśnik, Battle of Le Cateau, Battle of Lorraine, Battle of Mons, Battle of Mulhouse, Battle of Rawa, Battle of St. Quentin (1914), Battle of Stallupönen, Battle of Tannenberg, Battle of the Ardennes, Battle of the Frontiers, Battle of the Yser, Belfort, Belgium, Bray-sur-Somme, British Expeditionary Force (World War I), Bruges, Brussels, Carlepont, Cassel, Nord, Champenoux, Charleroi, Charleville-Mézières, ..., Chaulnes, Châlons-en-Champagne, Château-Salins, Chocques, Comines, Nord, Commercy, Compiègne, Coup de main, Craonne, Deûlémont, Decisive victory, Deuxième Bureau, Diksmuide, Dinant, Dombasle-sur-Meurthe, Dormans, Douai, Dover Patrol, Dranouter, Dunkirk, Eastern Front (World War I), Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, Erich von Falkenhayn, Erquinghem-Lys, Estaires, Félix Wielemans, Fifth Army (France), First Battle of the Aisne, First Battle of the Marne, First Battle of the Masurian Lakes, First Battle of Ypres, Fismes, Flanders, Flanking maneuver, Flêtre, Fortified position of Liège, Fortified position of Namur, Fourth Army (France), France, Francs-tireurs, French Third Republic, Fricourt, Fromelles, Fumay, Gardes du Corps (Prussia), Georg von der Marwitz, Gerhard Tappen, German Empire, German General Staff, Ghent, Givenchy-en-Gohelle, Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée, Givet, Grand Couronné, Guémappe, Ham, Somme, Hans Hartwig von Beseler, Hazebrouck, Helmuth von Moltke the Younger, Hem, Nord, Herlies, Heuvelland, Hinges, Pas-de-Calais, I Corps (British India), II Cavalry Corps (German Empire), II Corps (German Empire), Illies, Nord, Infiltration tactics, IX Reserve Corps (German Empire), James Edward Edmonds, Jäger (infantry), John French, 1st Earl of Ypres, Joseph Brugère, Joseph Joffre, Karl von Bülow, La Bassée, La Fère, Langemark, Laon, Lassigny, Lens, Pas-de-Calais, Leuven, Liège, Liepāja, Lille, Longwy, Louis de Maud'huy, Lunéville, Lys (river), Maricourt, Somme, Marle, Aisne, Maubeuge, Méteren, Meaux, Meeting engagement, Menen, Michel-Joseph Maunoury, Monchy-le-Preux, Mons, Mont des Cats, Montdidier, Somme, Montmédy, Montmirail, Marne, Morhange, Mortagne (river), Nampcel, Namur, Nancy, France, National Redoubt (Belgium), Netherlands, Neufchâteau, Luxembourg Province, Neuville-Saint-Vaast, Nieppe, Ninth Army (France), North Sea, Notre Dame de Lorette, Nouvion-et-Catillon, Ober Ost, Oberste Heeresleitung, Office of Public Sector Information, Official history, Ostend, Paul von Hindenburg, Pérenchies, Péronne, Somme, Picardy, Polygon Wood, Zonnebeke, Pont-à-Mousson, Pontoise, Prosnes, Radinghem-en-Weppes, Rape of Belgium, Reims, Rethel, Revigny-sur-Ornain, Ribécourt-la-Tour, Roeselare, Royal Flying Corps, Royal Marines, Royal Naval Air Service, Roye, Somme, Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, Saint-Mihiel, Saint-Omer, Sainte-Menehould, Sarrebourg, Sézanne, Scarpe (river), Schrecklichkeit, Second Army (France), Second Battle of Artois, Sedan, Ardennes, Seille (Moselle), Sermaize-les-Bains, Siege of Antwerp (1914), Siege of Maubeuge, Siege of Przemyśl, Sint-Katelijne-Waver, Sixth Army (France), Sluice, SMS Magdeburg, Soissons, Souchez, Steenwerck, Stenay, Suippes, Tenth Army (France), Thiepval, Third Army (France), Torhout, Valenciennes, Varennes-en-Argonne, Verdun, Vervins, Victor d'Urbal, Violaines, Vitry-le-François, Wancourt, Warneton, Western Front (World War I), Wilhelm Groener, World War I, Ypres, Zeebrugge, Zonnebeke, 1st Army (France), 2nd Army (German Empire), 3rd (Lahore) Division, 3rd Army (German Empire), 4th Army (German Empire), 5th Army (German Empire), 6th Army (German Empire), 7th Army (German Empire). Expand index (193 more) »

Abbeville

Abbeville is a commune in the Somme department and in Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

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Agadir Crisis

The Agadir Crisis or Second Moroccan Crisis (also known as the Panthersprung in German) was a brief international crisis sparked by the deployment of a substantial force of French troops in the interior of Morocco in April 1911.

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Albert d'Amade

Albert Gérard Léo d'Amade (24 December 1856 – 11 November 1941) was a French general.

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Albert I of Belgium

Albert I (8 April 1875 – 17 February 1934) reigned as the third King of the Belgians from 1909 to 1934.

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Alexander von Kluck

Alexander Heinrich Rudolph von Kluck (20 May 1846 – 19 October 1934) was a German general during World War I.

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Alfred von Schlieffen

Alfred Graf von Schlieffen, generally called Count Schlieffen (28 February 1833 – 4 January 1913) was a German field marshal and strategist who served as chief of the Imperial German General Staff from 1891 to 1906.

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Amiens

Amiens is a city and commune in northern France, north of Paris and south-west of Lille.

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André Sordet

General Jean-François André Sordet (17 May 1852 – 28 July 1923) was a senior officer of the French Army.

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Armentières

Armentières (Armentiers) is a commune in the Nord department in the Hauts-de-France region in northern France.

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Arras

Arras (Atrecht) is the capital (chef-lieu/préfecture) of the Pas-de-Calais department, which forms part of the region of Hauts-de-France; prior to the reorganization of 2014 it was located in Nord-Pas-de-Calais.

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Artois

Artois (adjective Artesian; Artesië) is a region of northern France.

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Aubers

Aubers is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Åland Islands

The Åland Islands or Åland (Åland,; Ahvenanmaa) is an archipelago province at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia in the Baltic Sea belonging to Finland.

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Épinal

Épinal is a commune in northeastern France and the capital (prefecture) of the Vosges department.

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Bailleul, Nord

Bailleul (Belle in Dutch) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Bapaume

Bapaume is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France.

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Barrage (artillery)

A barrage is massed artillery fire aimed at points, typically apart, along one or more lines that can be from a few hundred to several thousand yards long.

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Battle of Cer

The Battle of Cer was a military campaign fought between Austria-Hungary and Serbia in August 1914 during the early stages of the Serbian Campaign of the First World War.

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Battle of Charleroi

The Battle of Charleroi (Bataille de Charleroi), or the Battle of the Sambre, was fought on 21 August 1914, by the French Fifth Army and the German 2nd and 3rd armies, during the Battle of the Frontiers.

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Battle of Drina

The Battle of Drina (Битка на Дрини, Bitka na Drini) was fought between the Serbian and Austro-Hungarian armies in September 1914, during World War I. The Austro-Hungarians engaged in a significant offensive over the Drina river at the western Serbian border, resulting in numerous skirmishes (the Battle of Mačkov Kamen and the Battle of Gučevo being the heaviest ones).

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Battle of Flirey

The Battle of Flirey (1re Bataille de Flirey) was a First World War battle fought from 1914.

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Battle of Galicia

The Battle of Galicia, also known as the Battle of Lemberg, was a major battle between Russia and Austria-Hungary during the early stages of World War I in 1914.

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Battle of Gnila Lipa

The Battle of Gnila Lipa took place early in the World War I on 29–30 August 1914, when the Imperial Russian Army invaded Galicia and engaged the defending Austro-Hungarian Army.

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Battle of Grand Couronné

The Battle of Grand Couronné (Bataille du Grand Couronné) took place in France after the Battle of the Frontiers, at the beginning of the First World War.

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Battle of Gumbinnen

The Battle of Gumbinnen, initiated by forces of the German Empire on 20 August 1914, was a German offensive on the Eastern Front during the First World War.

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Battle of Halen

The Battle of Halen (also Haelen or the Battle of the Silver Helmets, Slag der Zilveren Helmen, Bataille des casques d'argent, because of the many cavalry helmets left behind on the battlefield by the German cuirassiers) took place on 12 August 1914 at the beginning of the First World War and was a cavalry encounter between German forces led by Georg von der Marwitz and Belgian troops led by Léon de Witte.

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Battle of Komarów (1914)

The Battle of Komarow (known in Russia as the Battle of Tomaszów) was a battle on the Eastern Front during World War I. It would prove a victory for the Austro-Hungarian forces, but one they would not be able to reproduce in the coming months of the war.

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Battle of Kraśnik

The Battle of Kraśnik started on August 23, 1914 in the province of Galicia and the adjacent areas across the border in the Russian Empire, in northern Austria (in present-day Poland), and ended two days later.

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Battle of Le Cateau

The Battle of Le Cateau was fought on 26 August 1914, after the British and French retreated from the Battle of Mons and had set up defensive positions in a fighting withdrawal against the German advance at Le Cateau-Cambrésis.

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Battle of Lorraine

The Battle of Lorraine (14 August – 7 September 1914) was a battle on the Western Front during the First World War.

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Battle of Mons

The Battle of Mons was the first major action of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) in the First World War.

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Battle of Mulhouse

The Battle of Mulhouse (Mülhausen), also called the Battle of Alsace (Bataille d'Alsace), which began on 7 August 1914, was the opening attack of World War I by the French Army against Germany.

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Battle of Rawa

Battle of Rawa (also written as -Rava, -Rawa-Ruska, -Rava-Ruska, or -Rava-Russka) was an early stage World War I battle between Austria-Hungary and Russia, between September 3–11, 1914.

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Battle of St. Quentin (1914)

The Battle of St.

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Battle of Stallupönen

The Battle of Stallupönen, fought between Russian and German armies on August 17, 1914, was the opening battle of World War I on the Eastern Front.

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Battle of Tannenberg

The Battle of Tannenberg was fought between Russia and Germany between the 26th and 30th of August 1914, the first month of World War I. The battle resulted in the almost complete destruction of the Russian Second Army and the suicide of its commanding general, Alexander Samsonov.

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Battle of the Ardennes

The Battle of the Ardennes was a battle of the First World War fought on the frontiers of France, Germany, Belgium and Luxembourg from 21 to 23 August 1914.

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Battle of the Frontiers

The Battle of the Frontiers was a series of battles fought along the eastern frontier of France and in southern Belgium, shortly after the outbreak of the First World War.

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Battle of the Yser

The Battle of the Yser (Bataille de l'Yser, Slag om de IJzer) was a battle of World War I that took place in October 1914 between the towns on Nieuwpoort and Diksmuide, along a stretch of the Yser River and the Yperlee Canal, in Belgium.

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Belfort

Belfort is a city in northeastern France in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté région, situated between Lyon and Strasbourg.

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Bray-sur-Somme

Bray-sur-Somme is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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British Expeditionary Force (World War I)

The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) was the British Army sent to the Western Front during the First World War.

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Bruges

Bruges (Brugge; Bruges; Brügge) is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium, in the northwest of the country.

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Brussels

Brussels (Bruxelles,; Brussel), officially the Brussels-Capital Region (All text and all but one graphic show the English name as Brussels-Capital Region.) (Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest), is a region of Belgium comprising 19 municipalities, including the City of Brussels, which is the de jure capital of Belgium.

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Carlepont

Carlepont is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

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Cassel, Nord

Cassel (from Flemish; Kassel in modern Dutch spelling) is a commune in the Nord départment in northern France.

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Champenoux

Champenoux is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France.

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Charleroi

Charleroi (Tchålerwè) is a city and a municipality of Wallonia, located in the province of Hainaut, Belgium.

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Charleville-Mézières

Charleville-Mézières is a commune in northern France, capital of the Ardennes department in the Grand Est region.

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Chaulnes

Chaulnes is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Châlons-en-Champagne

Châlons-en-Champagne is a city in the Grand Est region of France.

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Château-Salins

Château-Salins (from 1941–44 Salzburgen) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Chocques

Chocques is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Comines, Nord

Comines (Komen) is a commune of the Nord department in northern France.

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Commercy

Commercy is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Compiègne

Compiègne is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

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Coup de main

A coup de main (plural: coups de main, French for blow with the hand) is a swift attack that relies on speed and surprise to accomplish its objectives in a single blow.

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Craonne

Craonne is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Deûlémont

Deûlémont (from Deulemonde) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Decisive victory

The term decisive victory refers to a military victory in battle that definitively resolves the objective being fought over, ending one stage of the conflict and beginning another stage.

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Deuxième Bureau

The Deuxième Bureau de l'État-major général ("Second Bureau of the General Staff") was France's external military intelligence agency from 1871 to 1940.

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Diksmuide

Diksmuide (Dixmude, West Flemish: Diksmude) is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders.

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Dinant

Dinant is a Walloon city and municipality located on the River Meuse, in the Belgian province of Namur.

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Dombasle-sur-Meurthe

Dombasle-sur-Meurthe is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in north-eastern France, close to the city of Nancy.

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Dormans

Dormans is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

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Douai

Douai (Dowaai; historically "Doway" in English) is a commune in the Nord département in northern France.

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Dover Patrol

The Dover Patrol and later known as the Dover Patrol Force was a Royal Navy command of the First World War, notable for its involvement in the Zeebrugge Raid on 22 April 1918.

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Dranouter

Dranouter (Dutch, locally known as Nouter) is a village and a deelgemeente in the municipality of Heuvelland in West Flanders, Belgium.

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Dunkirk

Dunkirk (Dunkerque; Duinkerke(n)) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Eastern Front (World War I)

The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater of World War I (Восточный фронт, Vostochnıy front, sometimes called the Second Fatherland War or Second Patriotic War (Вторая Отечественная война, Vtoraya Otechestvennaya voyna) in Russian sources) was a theatre of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between the Russian Empire and Romania on one side and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire on the other. It stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, included most of Eastern Europe and stretched deep into Central Europe as well. The term contrasts with "Western Front", which was being fought in Belgium and France. During 1910, Russian General Yuri Danilov developed "Plan 19" under which four armies would invade East Prussia. This plan was criticised as Austria-Hungary could be a greater threat than the German Empire. So instead of four armies invading East Prussia, the Russians planned to send two armies to East Prussia, and two Armies to defend against Austro-Hungarian forces invading from Galicia. In the opening months of the war, the Imperial Russian Army attempted an invasion of eastern Prussia in the northwestern theater, only to be beaten back by the Germans after some initial success. At the same time, in the south, they successfully invaded Galicia, defeating the Austro-Hungarian forces there. In Russian Poland, the Germans failed to take Warsaw. But by 1915, the German and Austro-Hungarian armies were on the advance, dealing the Russians heavy casualties in Galicia and in Poland, forcing it to retreat. Grand Duke Nicholas was sacked from his position as the commander-in-chief and replaced by the Tsar himself. Several offensives against the Germans in 1916 failed, including Lake Naroch Offensive and the Baranovichi Offensive. However, General Aleksei Brusilov oversaw a highly successful operation against Austria-Hungary that became known as the Brusilov Offensive, which saw the Russian Army make large gains. The Kingdom of Romania entered the war in August 1916. The Entente promised the region of Transylvania (which was part of Austria-Hungary) in return for Romanian support. The Romanian Army invaded Transylvania and had initial successes, but was forced to stop and was pushed back by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians when Bulgaria attacked them in the south. Meanwhile, a revolution occurred in Russia in February 1917 (one of the several causes being the hardships of the war). Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate and a Russian Provisional Government was founded, with Georgy Lvov as its first leader, who was eventually replaced by Alexander Kerensky. The newly formed Russian Republic continued to fight the war alongside Romania and the rest of the Entente until it was overthrown by the Bolsheviks in October 1917. Kerensky oversaw the July Offensive, which was largely a failure and caused a collapse in the Russian Army. The new government established by the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, taking it out of the war and making large territorial concessions. Romania was also forced to surrender and signed a similar treaty, though both of the treaties were nullified with the surrender of the Central Powers in November 1918.

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Edmund Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby

Field Marshal Edmund Henry Hynman Allenby, 1st Viscount Allenby, (23 April 1861 – 14 May 1936) was an English soldier and British Imperial Governor.

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Erich von Falkenhayn

General Erich Georg Anton von Falkenhayn (11 September 1861 – 8 April 1922) was the Chief of the German General Staff during the First World War from September 1914 until 29 August 1916.

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Erquinghem-Lys

Erquinghem-Lys is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Estaires

Estaires is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Félix Wielemans

Lieutenant-General Félix Maximilien Eugène Wielemans (10 January 1863 – 5 January 1917) was the Chief of Staff of the Belgian Army during the First World War.

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Fifth Army (France)

The Fifth Army was a famous fighting force that participated in World War I. Under its enthusiastic and offensive-minded commander, Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, it led the decisive attacks which resulted in the spectacular victory at the First Battle of the Marne in 1914.

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First Battle of the Aisne

The First Battle of the Aisne (1re Bataille de l'Aisne) was the Allied follow-up offensive against the right wing of the German First Army (led by Alexander von Kluck) and the Second Army (led by Karl von Bülow) as they retreated after the First Battle of the Marne earlier in September 1914.

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First Battle of the Marne

The Battle of the Marne (Première bataille de la Marne, also known as the Miracle of the Marne, Le Miracle de la Marne) was a World War I battle fought from It resulted in an Allied victory against the German armies in the west.

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First Battle of the Masurian Lakes

The First Battle of the Masurian Lakes was a German offensive in the Eastern Front during the early stages of World War I. It pushed the Russian First Army back across its entire front, eventually ejecting it from Germany.

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First Battle of Ypres

The First Battle of Ypres (Première Bataille des Flandres Erste Flandernschlacht, was a battle of the First World War, fought on the Western Front around Ypres, in West Flanders, Belgium, during October and November 1914.

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Fismes

Fismes is a commune in the Marne department in the Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

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Flanders

Flanders (Vlaanderen, Flandre, Flandern) is the Dutch-speaking northern portion of Belgium, although there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, language, politics and history.

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Flanking maneuver

In military tactics, a flanking maneuver, or flanking manoeuvre is a movement of an armed force around a flank to achieve an advantageous position over an enemy.

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Flêtre

Flêtre (from Vleteren) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Fortified position of Liège

The fortified position of Liège was established following World War I by Belgium to block the traditional invasion corridor from Germany through Belgium to France.

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Fortified position of Namur

The fortified position of Namur (position fortifiée de Namur) was established by Belgium following World War I to fortify the traditional invasion corridor between Germany and France through Belgium.

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Fourth Army (France)

The Fourth Army (IVe Armée) was a Field army of the French Army, which fought during World War I and World War II.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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Francs-tireurs

Francs-tireurs (French for "free shooters") was a term for irregular military applied to formations deployed by France during the early stages of the Franco-Prussian War (1870–71).

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French Third Republic

The French Third Republic (La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) was the system of government adopted in France from 1870 when the Second French Empire collapsed during the Franco-Prussian War until 1940 when France's defeat by Nazi Germany in World War II led to the formation of the Vichy government in France.

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Fricourt

Fricourt is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Fromelles

Fromelles is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Fumay

Fumay is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France, very close to the Belgian border.

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Gardes du Corps (Prussia)

The Gardes du Corps (Regiment der Gardes du Corps) was the personal bodyguard of the king of Prussia and, after 1871, of the German emperor (in German, the Kaiser).

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Georg von der Marwitz

Johannes Georg von der Marwitz (7 July 1856 – 27 October 1929) was a Prussian cavalry general, who commanded several German armies during the First World War on both the Eastern and Western fronts.

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Gerhard Tappen

Dietrich Gerhard Emil Theodor Tappen (3 July 1866 – 28 May 1953) was a German World War I general.

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German Empire

The German Empire (Deutsches Kaiserreich, officially Deutsches Reich),Herbert Tuttle wrote in September 1881 that the term "Reich" does not literally connote an empire as has been commonly assumed by English-speaking people.

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German General Staff

The German General Staff, originally the Prussian General Staff and officially Great General Staff (Großer Generalstab), was a full-time body at the head of the Prussian Army and later, the German Army, responsible for the continuous study of all aspects of war, and for drawing up and reviewing plans for mobilization or campaign.

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Ghent

Ghent (Gent; Gand) is a city and a municipality in the Flemish Region of Belgium.

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Givenchy-en-Gohelle

Givenchy-en-Gohelle is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée

Givenchy-lès-la-Bassée is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Givet

Givet is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France very close to the Belgian border.

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Grand Couronné

The Grand Couronné is a succession of inliers north and east of the French city of Nancy.

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Guémappe

Guémappe is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Ham, Somme

Ham is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Hans Hartwig von Beseler

Hans Hartwig von Beseler (27 April 1850 – 20 December 1921) was a German Colonel General.

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Hazebrouck

Hazebrouck (Hazebroek) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Helmuth von Moltke the Younger

Helmuth Johann Ludwig Graf von Moltke (23 May 1848 – 18 June 1916), also known as Moltke the Younger, was a nephew of Generalfeldmarschall (Field Marshal) Helmuth Karl Bernhard von Moltke and served as the Chief of the German General Staff from 1906 to 1914.

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Hem, Nord

Hem is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Herlies

Herlies is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Heuvelland

Heuvelland is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

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Hinges, Pas-de-Calais

Hinges is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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I Corps (British India)

The I Indian Corps was an army corps of the British Indian Army in the Great War.

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II Cavalry Corps (German Empire)

The II Cavalry Corps (Höhere Kavallerie-Kommando 2 / HKK 2 literally: Higher Cavalry Command 2) was a formation of the German Army in World War I. The corps was formed on mobilization of the German Army in August 1914 and dissolved 23 January 1915 as the onset of trench warfare in the west negated the requirement for large cavalry formations.

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II Corps (German Empire)

The II Army Corps / II AK (II.) was a corps level command of the Prussian and then the Imperial German Armies from the 19th Century to World War I. It was established on 3 April 1820 with headquarters initially in Berlin.

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Illies, Nord

Illies is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Infiltration tactics

In warfare, infiltration tactics involve small independent light infantry forces advancing into enemy rear areas, bypassing enemy front-line strongpoints, possibly isolating them for attack by follow-up troops with heavier weapons.

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IX Reserve Corps (German Empire)

The IX Reserve Corps (IX.) was a corps level command of the German Army in World War I.

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James Edward Edmonds

Brigadier General Sir James Edward Edmonds (25 December 1861 – 2 August 1956) was a British First World War officer of the Royal Engineers.

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Jäger (infantry)

Jäger (singular Jäger, plural Jäger) is a German military term that originally referred to light infantry, but has come to have wider usage.

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John French, 1st Earl of Ypres

Field Marshal John Denton Pinkstone French, 1st Earl of Ypres, (28 September 1852 – 22 May 1925), known as Sir John French from 1901 to 1916, and as The Viscount French between 1916 and 1922, was a senior British Army officer.

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Joseph Brugère

Henri Joseph Brugère (Uzerche, 27 June 1841 - Lautaret, 31 August 1918) was a French divisional general.

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Joseph Joffre

Marshal Joseph Jacques Césaire Joffre (12 January 1852 – 3 January 1931), was a French general who served as Commander-in-Chief of French forces on the Western Front from the start of World War I until the end of 1916.

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Karl von Bülow

Karl Wilhelm Paul von Bülow (24 March 1846 – 31 August 1921) was a German field marshal commanding the German 2nd Army during World War I from 1914 to 1915.

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La Bassée

La Bassée is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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La Fère

La Fère is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in France.

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Langemark

Langemark is a village in the Belgian province of West-Flanders, and a deelgemeente of the municipality of Langemark-Poelkapelle.

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Laon

Laon is the capital city of the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France, northern France.

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Lassigny

Lassigny is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

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Lens, Pas-de-Calais

Lens (Linse) is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.

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Leuven

Leuven or Louvain (Louvain,; Löwen) is the capital of the province of Flemish Brabant in Belgium.

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Liège

Liège (Lidje; Luik,; Lüttich) is a major Walloon city and municipality and the capital of the Belgian province of Liège. The city is situated in the valley of the Meuse, in the east of Belgium, not far from borders with the Netherlands (Maastricht is about to the north) and with Germany (Aachen is about north-east). At Liège, the Meuse meets the River Ourthe. The city is part of the sillon industriel, the former industrial backbone of Wallonia. It still is the principal economic and cultural centre of the region. The Liège municipality (i.e. the city proper) includes the former communes of Angleur, Bressoux, Chênée, Glain, Grivegnée, Jupille-sur-Meuse, Rocourt, and Wandre. In November 2012, Liège had 198,280 inhabitants. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 1,879 km2 (725 sq mi) and had a total population of 749,110 on 1 January 2008. Population of all municipalities in Belgium on 1 January 2008. Retrieved on 2008-10-19. Definitions of metropolitan areas in Belgium. The metropolitan area of Liège is divided into three levels. First, the central agglomeration (agglomeratie) with 480,513 inhabitants (2008-01-01). Adding the closest surroundings (banlieue) gives a total of 641,591. And, including the outer commuter zone (forensenwoonzone) the population is 810,983. Retrieved on 2008-10-19. This includes a total of 52 municipalities, among others, Herstal and Seraing. Liège ranks as the third most populous urban area in Belgium, after Brussels and Antwerp, and the fourth municipality after Antwerp, Ghent and Charleroi.

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Liepāja

Liepāja (pronounced) (Libau; see other names) is a city in western Latvia, located on the Baltic Sea.

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Lille

Lille (Rijsel; Rysel) is a city at the northern tip of France, in French Flanders.

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Longwy

Longwy (Langich, Longkech) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in northeastern France.

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Louis de Maud'huy

Louis Ernest de Maud'huy (1857–1921) was a French World War I General and the first Chief Scout of Scouts de France.

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Lunéville

Lunéville (German, obsolete) is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in France.

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Lys (river)

The Lys (French) or Leie (Dutch/German) is a river in France and Belgium, and a left-bank tributary of the Scheldt.

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Maricourt, Somme

Maricourt is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Marle, Aisne

Marle is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Maubeuge

Maubeuge (historical Mabuse or Malbode) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Méteren

Méteren (from Flemish; Meteren in modern Dutch spelling) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Meaux

Meaux is a commune in the Seine-et-Marne department in the Île-de-France region in the metropolitan area of Paris, France.

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Meeting engagement

In warfare, a meeting engagement, or encounter battle, is a combat action that occurs when a moving force, incompletely deployed for battle, engages an enemy at an unexpected time and place.

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Menen

Menen (Menin, West Flemish dialect: Mêenn or Mêende) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

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Michel-Joseph Maunoury

Michel-Joseph Maunoury (17 December 1847 – 28 March 1923) was a commander of French forces in the early days of World War I. Initially commanding in Lorraine, as the success of the German thrust through Belgium became clear he was sent to take command of the new Sixth Army which was assembling near Amiens and then fell back on Paris.

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Monchy-le-Preux

Monchy-le-Preux is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Mons

Mons (Bergen; Mont; Mont) is a Walloon city and municipality, and the capital of the Belgian province of Hainaut.

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Mont des Cats

Mont des Cats is a small hill (alt. 164m) near the town of Godewaersvelde, in French Flanders.

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Montdidier, Somme

Montdidier is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Montmédy

Montmédy is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Montmirail, Marne

Montmirail is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

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Morhange

Morhange (Mörchingen, Lorraine Franconian Märchinge) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Mortagne (river)

The Mortagne (la Mortagne) is a long river in the Vosges and Meurthe-et-Moselle départements, northeastern France.

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Nampcel

Nampcel is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.

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Namur

Namur (Dutch:, Nameur in Walloon) is a city and municipality in Wallonia, Belgium.

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Nancy, France

Nancy (Nanzig) is the capital of the north-eastern French department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, and formerly the capital of the Duchy of Lorraine, and then the French province of the same name.

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National Redoubt (Belgium)

The National Redoubt (Réduit national, Nationaal Reduit) was a strategic defensive belt of fortifications built in Belgium.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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Neufchâteau, Luxembourg Province

Neufchâteau (Li Tchestea in Walloon) is a Walloon municipality of Belgium located in the province of Luxembourg.

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Neuville-Saint-Vaast

Neuville-Saint-Vaast is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Nieppe

Nieppe is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Ninth Army (France)

The Ninth Army (IXe Armée) was a Field army of the French Army during World War I and World War II.

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North Sea

The North Sea (Mare Germanicum) is a marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean located between Great Britain, Scandinavia, Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium, and France.

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Notre Dame de Lorette

Notre Dame de Lorette, also known as Ablain St.-Nazaire French Military Cemetery, is the world's largest French military cemetery.

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Nouvion-et-Catillon

Nouvion-et-Catillon is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Ober Ost

Ober Ost is short for Oberbefehlshaber der gesamten Deutschen Streitkräfte im Osten, German for "Supreme Commander of All German Forces in the East" during World War I. It also has an implied double meaning, as in its own right, "Ober Ost" translates into "Upper East," which describes its geographic region in reference to the German Empire.

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Oberste Heeresleitung

The Oberste Heeresleitung (Supreme Army Command or OHL) was the highest echelon of command of the army (Heer) of the German Empire.

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Office of Public Sector Information

The Office of Public Sector Information (OPSI) is the body responsible for the operation of Her Majesty's Stationery Office (HMSO) and of other public information services of the United Kingdom.

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Official history

An official history is a work of history which is sponsored, authorised or endorsed by its subject.

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Ostend

Ostend (Oostende, or; Ostende; Ostende) is a Belgian coastal city and municipality, located in the province of West Flanders.

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Paul von Hindenburg

Paul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg, known generally as Paul von Hindenburg (2 October 1847 – 2 August 1934) was a Generalfeldmarschall and statesman who commanded the German military during the second half of World War I before later being elected President of the Weimar republic in 1925.

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Pérenchies

Pérenchies is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Péronne, Somme

Péronne is a commune of the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Picardy

Picardy (Picardie) is a historical territory and a former administrative region of France.

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Polygon Wood, Zonnebeke

Polygon Wood is a forest located between Ypres and Zonnebeke, Belgium.

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Pont-à-Mousson

Pont-à-Mousson is a commune in the Meurthe-et-Moselle department in northeastern France.

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Pontoise

Pontoise is a commune in the northwestern suburbs of Paris, France.

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Prosnes

Prosnes is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

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Radinghem-en-Weppes

Radinghem-en-Weppes is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Rape of Belgium

The Rape of Belgium was the German mistreatment of civilians during the invasion and subsequent occupation of Belgium during World War I. The neutrality of Belgium had been guaranteed by the Treaty of London (1839), which had been signed by Prussia.

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Reims

Reims (also spelled Rheims), a city in the Grand Est region of France, lies east-northeast of Paris.

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Rethel

Rethel is a commune in the Ardennes department in northern France.

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Revigny-sur-Ornain

Revigny-sur-Ornain is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Ribécourt-la-Tour

Ribécourt-la-Tour is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Roeselare

Roeselare (Roulers, West Flemish: Roeseloare) is a Belgian city and municipality in the Flemish province of West Flanders.

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Royal Flying Corps

The Royal Flying Corps (RFC) was the air arm of the British Army before and during the First World War, until it merged with the Royal Naval Air Service on 1 April 1918 to form the Royal Air Force.

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Royal Marines

The Corps of Royal Marines (RM) is the amphibious light infantry of the Royal Navy.

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Royal Naval Air Service

The Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) was the air arm of the Royal Navy, under the direction of the Admiralty's Air Department, and existed formally from 1 July 1914Admiralty Circular CW.13963/14, 1 July 1914: "Royal Naval Air Service – Organisation" to 1 April 1918, when it was merged with the British Army's Royal Flying Corps to form a new service, the Royal Air Force, the first of its kind in the world.

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Roye, Somme

Roye is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Saint-Dié-des-Vosges

Saint-Dié-des-Vosges (Sankt Didel), commonly referred to as Saint-Dié, is a commune in the Vosges department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

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Saint-Mihiel

Saint-Mihiel is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Saint-Omer

Saint-Omer (Sint-Omaars) is a commune in France.

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Sainte-Menehould

Sainte-Menehould is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

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Sarrebourg

Sarrebourg (Lorraine Franconian: Saarbuerj) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Sézanne

Sézanne is a commune in the Marne department and Grand Est region in north-eastern France.

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Scarpe (river)

The Scarpe is a river in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Schrecklichkeit

Schrecklichkeit (German "terror" or "frightfulness") is a word used by English speakers to describe an assumed military policy of the German Army towards civilians in World War I. It was the basis of German actions during their march through Belgium in 1914.

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Second Army (France)

The Second Army (IIe Armée) was a field army of the French Army during World War I and World War II.

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Second Battle of Artois

The Second Battle of Artois (Deuxième bataille de l'Artois or Lorettoschlacht) from was a battle on the Western Front during the First World War.

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Sedan, Ardennes

Sedan is a commune in the Ardennes department and Grand Est region of north-eastern France.

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Seille (Moselle)

The Seille (Selle) is a river in north-eastern France.

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Sermaize-les-Bains

Sermaize-les-Bains is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

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Siege of Antwerp (1914)

The Siege of Antwerp (Beleg van Antwerpen, Siège d'Anvers, Belagerung von Antwerpen.) was an engagement between the German and the Belgian, British and French armies around the fortified city of Antwerp during World War I. German troops besieged a garrison of Belgian fortress troops, the Belgian field army and the British Royal Naval Division in the Antwerp area, after the German invasion of Belgium in August 1914.

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Siege of Maubeuge

The Siege of Maubeuge took place from at le camp retranché de Maubeuge (the Entrenched Camp of Maubeuge) the start of World War I on the Western Front.

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Siege of Przemyśl

The Siege of Przemyśl was the longest siege of the First World War, and a crushing defeat for Austria-Hungary against the Russian attackers.

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Sint-Katelijne-Waver

Sint-Katelijne-Waver (old spelling: Kathelijne-Waver, French Wavre-Sainte-Catherine) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Antwerp.

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Sixth Army (France)

The Sixth Army (6eme Armée) was a Field army of the French Army during World War I and World War II.

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Sluice

A sluice (from the Dutch "sluis") is a water channel controlled at its head by a gate.

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SMS Magdeburg

SMS Magdeburg ("His Majesty's Ship Magdeburg") was a lead ship of the of light cruisers in the German Kaiserliche Marine (Imperial Navy).

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Soissons

Soissons is a commune in the northern French department of Aisne, in the region of Hauts-de-France.

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Souchez

Souchez is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Steenwerck

Steenwerck is a commune, in French Flanders, in the Nord department in northern France.

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Stenay

Stenay is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Suippes

Suippes is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

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Tenth Army (France)

The Tenth Army (Xe Armée) was a Field army of the French Army during World War I and World War II.

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Thiepval

Thiepval is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Third Army (France)

The Third Army (IIIe Armée) was a Field army of the French Army, which fought during World War I and World War II.

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Torhout

Torhout (West Flemish: Toeroet) is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

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Valenciennes

Valenciennes (Dutch: Valencijn, Latin: Valentianae, Valincyinne) is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Varennes-en-Argonne

Varennes-en-Argonne or simply Varennes is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.

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Verdun

Verdun (official name before 1970 Verdun-sur-Meuse) is a small city in the Meuse department in Grand Est in northeastern France.

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Vervins

Vervins is a commune in the Aisne department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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Victor d'Urbal

Victor (Louis Lucien), baron d'Urbal (15 November 1858, Sarreguemines - 29 January 1943, Paris) was a French officer during the First World War.

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Violaines

Violaines is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Vitry-le-François

Vitry-le-François is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France.

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Wancourt

Wancourt is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in the Hauts-de-France region of France.

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Warneton

Warneton is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.

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Western Front (World War I)

The Western Front was the main theatre of war during the First World War.

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Wilhelm Groener

Karl Eduard Wilhelm Groener (22 November 1867 – 3 May 1939) was a German soldier and politician.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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Ypres

Ypres (Ieper) is a Belgian municipality in the province of West Flanders.

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Zeebrugge

Zeebrugge (from: Brugge aan zee meaning "Bruges on Sea", Zeebruges) is a village on the coast of Belgium and a subdivision of Bruges, for which it is the modern port.

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Zonnebeke

Zonnebeke is a municipality located in the Belgian province of West Flanders.

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1st Army (France)

The First Army (1re Armée) was a field army of France that fought during World War I and World War II.

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2nd Army (German Empire)

The 2nd Army (2.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the III Army Inspection.

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3rd (Lahore) Division

The 3rd (Lahore) Division was an infantry division of the British Indian Army, first organised in 1852.

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3rd Army (German Empire)

The 3rd Army (3.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 seemingly from the II Army Inspectorate.

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4th Army (German Empire)

The 4th Army (4.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the VI Army Inspection.

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5th Army (German Empire)

The 5th Army (5.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 seemingly from the VII Army Inspection.

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6th Army (German Empire)

The 6th Army (6.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the IV Army Inspectorate.

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7th Army (German Empire)

The 7th Army (7.) was an army level command of the German Army in World War I. It was formed on mobilization in August 1914 from the II Army Inspection.

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Redirects here:

Race for the Sea, Race to the sea.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_to_the_Sea

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