Secondary chord and Tonality

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Difference between Secondary chord and Tonality

Secondary chord vs. Tonality

A secondary chord is an analytical label for a specific harmonic device that is prevalent in the tonal idiom of Western music beginning in the common practice period, the use of diatonic functions for tonicization. In the tonal idiom, a song or piece of music has a tonic note and chord, which is based on the root of the key that the piece is in. The most important chords in a tonal song or piece are the tonic chord (labeled as I in harmonic analysis) and the dominant chord (V). A piece or song is said to be in the key of the tonic. In the key of C major, the tonic chord is C major and the dominant chord is G. Chords are named after the function they serve and their position (for example, the "dominant" is considered the most important after the tonic and the "subdominant" is the same distance from the tonic as the dominant but below rather than above) and numbered by the scale step of the chord's base note (the root of the vi chord is the sixth scale step). Secondary chords are altered or borrowed chords, chords which are not in the key. Secondary chords are referred to as the function they are serving of the key or chord to which they function and written "function/key". Thus, the dominant of the dominant is written "V/V" and read as, "five of five," or, "dominant of the dominant". Any scale degree with a major or minor chord on it may have any secondary function applied to it; secondary functions may be applied to diminished triads in some special circumstances. Secondary chords were not used until the Baroque period and are found more frequently and freely in the Classical period, even more so in the Romantic period, and, although they began to be used less frequently with the breakdown of conventional harmony in modern classical music, secondary dominants are a "cornerstone," of popular music and jazz of the 20th century.Benward & Saker (2003), p.273-7. Tonality is the arrangement of pitches and/or chords of a musical work in a hierarchy of perceived relations, stabilities, attractions and directionality.

Arnold Schoenberg

Arnold Franz Walter Schoenberg or Schönberg (13 September 187413 July 1951) was an Austrian-American composer, music theorist, teacher, writer, and painter.

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Cadence (music)

In Western musical theory, a cadence (Latin cadentia, "a falling") is "a melodic or harmonic configuration that creates a sense of resolution."Don Michael Randel (1999).

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Chord (music)

A chord, in music, is any harmonic set of pitches consisting of two or more (usually three or more) notes (also called "pitches") that are heard as if sounding simultaneously.

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Circle of fifths

In music theory, the circle of fifths (or circle of fourths) is the relationship among the 12 tones of the chromatic scale, their corresponding key signatures, and the associated major and minor keys.

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Common practice period

In the history of European art music, the common practice period is the era between the formation and the decline of the tonal system.

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Consonance and dissonance

In music, consonance and dissonance are categorizations of simultaneous or successive sounds.

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Diatonic function

In tonal music theory, a function (often called harmonic function, tonal function or diatonic function, or also chord area) is the relationship of a chord to a tonal center.

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Dominant (music)

In music, the dominant is the fifth scale degree of the diatonic scale, called "dominant" because it is next in importance to the tonic, and a dominant chord is any chord built upon that pitch, using the notes of the same diatonic scale.

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Dominant seventh chord

In music theory, a dominant seventh chord, or major minor seventh chord, is a chord composed of a root, major third, perfect fifth, and minor seventh.

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Harmony

In music, harmony considers the process by which the composition of individual sounds, or superpositions of sounds, is analysed by hearing.

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Hugo Riemann

Karl Wilhelm Julius Hugo Riemann (18 July 1849 – 10 July 1919) was a German music theorist and composer.

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Ii–V–I progression

The ⅱ–Ⅴ–I progression (occasionally referred to as ⅱ–Ⅴ–I turnaround, and ⅱ–Ⅴ–I) is a common cadential chord progression used in a wide variety of music genres, including jazz harmony.

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Jazz

Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and developed from roots in blues and ragtime.

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Key (music)

In music theory, the key of a piece is the group of pitches, or scale, that forms the basis of a music composition in classical, Western art, and Western pop music.

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Leading-tone

In music theory, a leading-note (also subsemitone, and called the leading-tone in the US) is a note or pitch which resolves or "leads" to a note one semitone higher or lower, being a lower and upper leading-tone, respectively.

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Major scale

The major scale (or Ionian scale) is one of the most commonly used musical scales, especially in Western music.

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Modulation (music)

In music, modulation is most commonly the act or process of changing from one key (tonic, or tonal center) to another.

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Music theory

Music theory is the study of the practices and possibilities of music.

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Oswald Jonas

Oswald Jonas (January 10, 1897 – March 19, 1978) was a music theorist and musicologist and student of Heinrich Schenker.

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Perfect fifth

In music theory, a perfect fifth is the musical interval corresponding to a pair of pitches with a frequency ratio of 3:2, or very nearly so.

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Root (chord)

In music theory, the concept of root is the idea that a chord can be represented and named by one of its notes.

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Tonic (music)

In music, the tonic is the first scale degree of a diatonic scale (the first note of a scale) and the tonal center or final resolution tone that is commonly used in the final cadence in tonal (musical key-based) classical music, popular music and traditional music.

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Triad (music)

In music, a triad is a set of three notes (or "pitches") that can be stacked vertically in thirds.

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Tritone

In music theory, the tritone is defined as a musical interval composed of three adjacent whole tones.

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Vi–ii–V–I

In music, the vi–ii–V–I progression is a chord progression (also called the circle progression for the circle of fifths, along which it travels).

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