Table of Contents
244 relations: Achernar, Alkaid, Alkali metal, Alnilam, Alpha Centauri, Alpha Leporis, Altair, Ammonia, Angelo Secchi, Annie Jump Cannon, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Antares, Antonia Maury, Ap and Bp stars, Apparent magnitude, Arabic numerals, Arcturus, Astronomical spectroscopy, Astronomy, Asymptotic giant branch, Atmosphere, B(e) star, B-type main-sequence star, Balmer series, Bellatrix, Beta Aquarii, Beta Aquilae, Beta Canum Venaticorum, Beta Leporis, Beta Lyrae, Beta Virginis, Betelgeuse, Biology, Brady Haran, Brown dwarf, Calcium, Cambridge University Press, Capella, Carbon, Carbon star, Carbon-12, Carbon-13, Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg, Chemical element, Chemically peculiar star, Chi Cygni, Chi Pegasi, Chi2 Orionis, Chromaticity, ... Expand index (194 more) »
- Hertzsprung–Russell classifications
- Stars by luminosity class
- Stars by spectral type
Achernar
Achernar is the brightest star in the constellation of Eridanus and the ninth-brightest in the night sky.
See Stellar classification and Achernar
Alkaid
Alkaid, also called Eta Ursae Majoris (Latinised from η Ursae Majoris, abbreviated Eta UMa, η UMa), is a star in the constellation of Ursa Major.
See Stellar classification and Alkaid
Alkali metal
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See Stellar classification and Alkali metal
Alnilam
Alnilam is the central star of Orion's Belt in the equatorial constellation of Orion.
See Stellar classification and Alnilam
Alpha Centauri
Alpha Centauri (α Cen, or Alpha Cen) is a triple star system in the southern constellation of Centaurus.
See Stellar classification and Alpha Centauri
Alpha Leporis
Alpha Leporis (α Leporis, abbreviated Alpha Lep, α Lep), formally named Arneb, is the brightest star in the constellation of Lepus.
See Stellar classification and Alpha Leporis
Altair
Altair is the brightest star in the constellation of Aquila and the twelfth-brightest star in the night sky.
See Stellar classification and Altair
Ammonia
Ammonia is an inorganic chemical compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula.
See Stellar classification and Ammonia
Angelo Secchi
Angelo Secchi (28 June 1818 – 26 February 1878) was an Italian Catholic priest and astronomer from the Italian region of Emilia.
See Stellar classification and Angelo Secchi
Annie Jump Cannon
Annie Jump Cannon (December 11, 1863 – April 13, 1941) was an American astronomer whose cataloging work was instrumental in the development of contemporary stellar classification.
See Stellar classification and Annie Jump Cannon
Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
The Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics is an annual peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Annual Reviews.
See Stellar classification and Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
Antares
Antares is the brightest star in the constellation of Scorpius.
See Stellar classification and Antares
Antonia Maury
Antonia Caetana de Paiva Pereira Maury (March 21, 1866 – January 8, 1952) was an American astronomer who was the first to detect and calculate the orbit of a spectroscopic binary.
See Stellar classification and Antonia Maury
Ap and Bp stars
Ap and Bp stars are chemically peculiar stars (hence the "p") of spectral types A and B which show overabundances of some metals, such as strontium, chromium, or europium.
See Stellar classification and Ap and Bp stars
Apparent magnitude
Apparent magnitude is a measure of the brightness of a star or other astronomical object.
See Stellar classification and Apparent magnitude
Arabic numerals
The ten Arabic numerals 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9 are the most commonly used symbols for writing numbers.
See Stellar classification and Arabic numerals
Arcturus
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See Stellar classification and Arcturus
Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomical spectroscopy is the study of astronomy using the techniques of spectroscopy to measure the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, infrared and radio waves that radiate from stars and other celestial objects.
See Stellar classification and Astronomical spectroscopy
Astronomy
Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos.
See Stellar classification and Astronomy
Asymptotic giant branch
The asymptotic giant branch (AGB) is a region of the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram populated by evolved cool luminous stars.
See Stellar classification and Asymptotic giant branch
Atmosphere
An atmosphere is a layer of gasses that envelop an astronomical object, held in place by the gravity of the object.
See Stellar classification and Atmosphere
B(e) star
A B star, frequently called a B-type star, is a B-type star with distinctive forbidden neutral or low ionisation emission lines in its spectrum.
See Stellar classification and B(e) star
B-type main-sequence star
A B-type main-sequence star (B V) is a main-sequence (hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type B and luminosity class V. These stars have from 2 to 16 times the mass of the Sun and surface temperatures between 10,000 and 30,000 K. B-type stars are extremely luminous and blue.
See Stellar classification and B-type main-sequence star
Balmer series
The Balmer series, or Balmer lines in atomic physics, is one of a set of six named series describing the spectral line emissions of the hydrogen atom.
See Stellar classification and Balmer series
Bellatrix
Bellatrix is the third-brightest star in the constellation of Orion, positioned 5° west of the red supergiant Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis).
See Stellar classification and Bellatrix
Beta Aquarii
Beta Aquarii is a single star in the constellation of Aquarius.
See Stellar classification and Beta Aquarii
Beta Aquilae
Beta Aquilae, Latinized from β Aquilae, is a triple star system in the equatorial constellation of Aquila.
See Stellar classification and Beta Aquilae
Beta Canum Venaticorum
Beta Canum Venaticorum (β Canum Venaticorum, abbreviated Beta CVn, β CVn), also named Chara, is a G-type main-sequence star in the northern constellation of Canes Venatici.
See Stellar classification and Beta Canum Venaticorum
Beta Leporis
Beta Leporis (β Leporis, abbreviated Beta Lep, β Lep), formally named Nihal, is the second brightest star in the constellation of Lepus.
See Stellar classification and Beta Leporis
Beta Lyrae
Beta Lyrae (β Lyrae, abbreviated Beta Lyr, β Lyr) officially named Sheliak (Arabic: الشلياق, Romanization: ash-Shiliyāq) (IPA), the traditional name of the system, is a multiple star system in the constellation of Lyra.
See Stellar classification and Beta Lyrae
Beta Virginis
Beta Virginis, a name Latinised from β Virginis, is a star in the equatorial constellation of Virgo.
See Stellar classification and Beta Virginis
Betelgeuse
Betelgeuse is a red supergiant star in the constellation of Orion.
See Stellar classification and Betelgeuse
Biology
Biology is the scientific study of life.
See Stellar classification and Biology
Brady Haran
Brady John Haran (born 18 June 1976) is an Australian-British independent filmmaker and video journalist who produces educational videos and documentary films for his YouTube channels, the most notable being Computerphile and Numberphile.
See Stellar classification and Brady Haran
Brown dwarf
Brown dwarfs are substellar objects that have more mass than the biggest gas giant planets, but less than the least massive main-sequence stars.
See Stellar classification and Brown dwarf
Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
See Stellar classification and Calcium
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Stellar classification and Cambridge University Press
Capella
Capella is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Auriga.
See Stellar classification and Capella
Carbon
Carbon is a chemical element; it has symbol C and atomic number 6.
See Stellar classification and Carbon
Carbon star
A carbon star (C-type star) is typically an asymptotic giant branch star, a luminous red giant, whose atmosphere contains more carbon than oxygen.
See Stellar classification and Carbon star
Carbon-12
Carbon-12 (12C) is the most abundant of the two stable isotopes of carbon (carbon-13 being the other), amounting to 98.93% of element carbon on Earth; its abundance is due to the triple-alpha process by which it is created in stars.
See Stellar classification and Carbon-12
Carbon-13
Carbon-13 (13C) is a natural, stable isotope of carbon with a nucleus containing six protons and seven neutrons.
See Stellar classification and Carbon-13
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin
Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (born Cecilia Helena Payne; –) was a British-born American astronomer and astrophysicist.
See Stellar classification and Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin
Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg
The Centre de Données astronomiques de Strasbourg (CDS; English translation: Strasbourg Astronomical Data Centre) is a data centre which collects and distributes astronomical information.
See Stellar classification and Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg
Chemical element
A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.
See Stellar classification and Chemical element
Chemically peculiar star
In astrophysics, chemically peculiar stars (CP stars) are stars with distinctly unusual metal abundances, at least in their surface layers.
See Stellar classification and Chemically peculiar star
Chi Cygni
Chi Cygni (Latinised from χ Cygni) is a Mira variable star in the constellation Cygnus, and also an S-type star.
See Stellar classification and Chi Cygni
Chi Pegasi
Chi Pegasi, Latinised from χ Pegasi, is a single star in the northern constellation of Pegasus, along the eastern constellation border with Pisces.
See Stellar classification and Chi Pegasi
Chi2 Orionis
Chi2 Orionis (Chi2 Ori / χ2 Orionis / χ2 Ori) is a B-type supergiant star in the constellation of Orion.
See Stellar classification and Chi2 Orionis
Chromaticity
Chromaticity is an objective specification of the quality of a color regardless of its luminance.
See Stellar classification and Chromaticity
Chromium
Chromium is a chemical element; it has symbol Cr and atomic number 24.
See Stellar classification and Chromium
Color index
In astronomy, the color index is a simple numerical expression that determines the color of an object, which in the case of a star gives its temperature.
See Stellar classification and Color index
Cyanide
In chemistry, cyanide is a chemical compound that contains a functional group.
See Stellar classification and Cyanide
Cygnus OB2-12
Cygnus OB2 #12 is an extremely luminous blue hypergiant with an absolute bolometric magnitude (all electromagnetic radiation) of −10.9, among the most luminous stars known in the galaxy.
See Stellar classification and Cygnus OB2-12
Degenerate matter
Degenerate matter occurs when the Pauli exclusion principle significantly alters a state of matter at low temperature.
See Stellar classification and Degenerate matter
Deneb
Deneb is a first-magnitude blue supergiant star in the constellation of Cygnus.
See Stellar classification and Deneb
Deuterium
Deuterium (hydrogen-2, symbol H or D, also known as heavy hydrogen) is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen (the other is protium, or hydrogen-1).
See Stellar classification and Deuterium
Diatomic carbon
Diatomic carbon (systematically named dicarbon and 1λ2,2λ2-ethene), is a green, gaseous inorganic chemical with the chemical formula C.
See Stellar classification and Diatomic carbon
Diffraction grating
In optics, a diffraction grating is an optical grating with a periodic structure that diffracts light, or another type of electromagnetic radiation, into several beams traveling in different directions (i.e., different diffraction angles).
See Stellar classification and Diffraction grating
Dwarf star
A dwarf star is a star of relatively small size and low luminosity.
See Stellar classification and Dwarf star
Edith Kellman
Edith Kellman (April 4, 1911, Walworth, Wisconsin – May 11, 2007, Walworth, Wisconsin) was a noted American astronomer who is known for her work on the Yerkes system of stellar classification, also called the MKK system.
See Stellar classification and Edith Kellman
Edward Charles Pickering
Edward Charles Pickering (July 19, 1846 – February 3, 1919) was an American astronomer and physicist and the older brother of William Henry Pickering.
See Stellar classification and Edward Charles Pickering
Effective temperature
The effective temperature of a body such as a star or planet is the temperature of a black body that would emit the same total amount of electromagnetic radiation. Stellar classification and effective temperature are Concepts in astronomy and stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Effective temperature
Electromagnetic radiation
In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy.
See Stellar classification and Electromagnetic radiation
Epsilon Cygni
Epsilon Cygni (ε Cygni, abbreviated Epsilon Cyg, ε Cyg) is multiple star system in the constellation of Cygnus.
See Stellar classification and Epsilon Cygni
Epsilon Eridani
Epsilon Eridani (Latinized from ε Eridani), proper name Ran, is a star in the southern constellation of Eridanus.
See Stellar classification and Epsilon Eridani
Epsilon Geminorum
Epsilon Geminorum or ε Geminorum, formally named Mebsuta, is a star in the constellation of Gemini, on the outstretched right 'leg' of the twin Castor.
See Stellar classification and Epsilon Geminorum
Epsilon Virginis
Epsilon Virginis (ε Virginis, abbreviated Epsilon Vir, ε Vir), formally named Vindemiatrix, is a star in the zodiac constellation of Virgo.
See Stellar classification and Epsilon Virginis
Eta Aurigae
Eta Aurigae (η Aurigae, abbreviated Eta Aur, η Aur), officially named Haedus, is a star in the northern constellation of Auriga.
See Stellar classification and Eta Aurigae
Eta Boötis
Eta Boötis (η Boötis, abbreviated Eta Boo, η Boo) is a binary star in the constellation of Boötes.
See Stellar classification and Eta Boötis
Eta Canis Majoris
Eta Canis Majoris (η Canis Majoris, abbreviated Eta CMa, η CMa), also named Aludra, is a star in the constellation of Canis Major.
See Stellar classification and Eta Canis Majoris
Eta Leonis
Eta Leonis (η Leo, η Leonis) is a third-magnitude blue supergiant star in the constellation Leo, about away.
See Stellar classification and Eta Leonis
European Southern Observatory
The European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere, commonly referred to as the European Southern Observatory (ESO), is an intergovernmental research organisation made up of 16 member states for ground-based astronomy.
See Stellar classification and European Southern Observatory
Fomalhaut
Fomalhaut is the brightest star in the southern constellation of Piscis Austrinus, the Southern Fish, and one of the brightest stars in the night sky.
See Stellar classification and Fomalhaut
Forbidden mechanism
In spectroscopy, a forbidden mechanism (forbidden transition or forbidden line) is a spectral line associated with absorption or emission of photons by atomic nuclei, atoms, or molecules which undergo a transition that is not allowed by a particular selection rule but is allowed if the approximation associated with that rule is not made.
See Stellar classification and Forbidden mechanism
G-type main-sequence star
A G-type main-sequence star (spectral type: G-V), also often, and imprecisely, called a yellow dwarf, or G star, is a main-sequence star (luminosity class V) of spectral type G. Such a star has about 0.9 to 1.1 solar masses and an effective temperature between about.
See Stellar classification and G-type main-sequence star
Galactic halo
A galactic halo is an extended, roughly spherical component of a galaxy which extends beyond the main, visible component.
See Stellar classification and Galactic halo
Galaxy
A galaxy is a system of stars, stellar remnants, interstellar gas, dust, and dark matter bound together by gravity. Stellar classification and galaxy are Concepts in astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Galaxy
Gamma Cassiopeiae
Gamma Cassiopeiae, Latinized from γ Cassiopeiae, is a bright star at the center of the distinctive "W" asterism in the northern circumpolar constellation of Cassiopeia.
See Stellar classification and Gamma Cassiopeiae
Gamma Cygni
Gamma Cygni (γ Cygni, abbreviated Gamma Cyg, γ Cyg), officially named Sadr, is a star in the northern constellation of Cygnus, forming the intersection of an asterism of five stars called the Northern Cross.
See Stellar classification and Gamma Cygni
Gamma Draconis
Gamma Draconis (γ Draconis, abbreviated Gamma Dra, γ Dra), formally named Eltanin, is a star in the northern constellation of Draco.
See Stellar classification and Gamma Draconis
Geologic record
The geologic record in stratigraphy, paleontology and other natural sciences refers to the entirety of the layers of rock strata.
See Stellar classification and Geologic record
Giant star
A giant star has a substantially larger radius and luminosity than a main-sequence (or dwarf) star of the same surface temperature.
See Stellar classification and Giant star
Habitability of binary star systems
Planets in binary star systems may be candidates for supporting extraterrestrial life.
See Stellar classification and Habitability of binary star systems
Habitability of red dwarf systems
The theorized habitability of red dwarf systems is determined by a large number of factors.
See Stellar classification and Habitability of red dwarf systems
Harvard College Observatory
The Harvard College Observatory (HCO) is an institution managing a complex of buildings and multiple instruments used for astronomical research by the Harvard University Department of Astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Harvard College Observatory
Harvard Computers
The Harvard Computers were a team of women working as skilled workers to process astronomical data at the Harvard College Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
See Stellar classification and Harvard Computers
HD 10647
HD 10647 (q1 Eridani) is a 6th-magnitude yellow-white dwarf star, 57 light-years away in the constellation of Eridanus.
See Stellar classification and HD 10647
HD 149382
HD 149382 is a hot subdwarf star in the constellation of Ophiuchus with an apparent visual magnitude of 8.943.
See Stellar classification and HD 149382
HD 21389
HD 21389 is a supergiant variable star in reflection nebula VdB 15, in the constellation Camelopardalis.
See Stellar classification and HD 21389
HD 93129
HD 93129 is a triple star system in the Carina Nebula, with all three components being hot O class stars amongst the most luminous stars in the Milky Way.
See Stellar classification and HD 93129
Helium
Helium (from lit) is a chemical element; it has symbol He and atomic number 2.
See Stellar classification and Helium
Henry Draper Catalogue
The Henry Draper Catalogue (HD) is an astronomical star catalogue published between 1918 and 1924, giving spectroscopic classifications for 225,300 stars; it was later expanded by the Henry Draper Extension (HDE), published between 1925 and 1936, which gave classifications for 46,850 more stars, and by the Henry Draper Extension Charts (HDEC), published from 1937 to 1949 in the form of charts, which gave classifications for 86,933 more stars.
See Stellar classification and Henry Draper Catalogue
Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram (abbreviated as H–R diagram, HR diagram or HRD) is a scatter plot of stars showing the relationship between the stars' absolute magnitudes or luminosities and their stellar classifications or effective temperatures. Stellar classification and Hertzsprung–Russell diagram are Concepts in astronomy and Hertzsprung–Russell classifications.
See Stellar classification and Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
Hydride
In chemistry, a hydride is formally the anion of hydrogen (H&minus), a hydrogen atom with two electrons.
See Stellar classification and Hydride
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol H and atomic number 1.
See Stellar classification and Hydrogen
Hydrogen line
The hydrogen line, 21 centimeter line, or H I line is a spectral line that is created by a change in the energy state of solitary, electrically neutral hydrogen atoms.
See Stellar classification and Hydrogen line
Hydrogen spectral series
The emission spectrum of atomic hydrogen has been divided into a number of spectral series, with wavelengths given by the Rydberg formula.
See Stellar classification and Hydrogen spectral series
Hypergiant
A hypergiant (luminosity class 0 or Ia+) is a very rare type of star that has an extremely high luminosity, mass, size and mass loss because of its extreme stellar winds.
See Stellar classification and Hypergiant
Infrared
Infrared (IR; sometimes called infrared light) is electromagnetic radiation (EMR) with wavelengths longer than that of visible light but shorter than microwaves.
See Stellar classification and Infrared
International Astronomical Union
The International Astronomical Union (IAU; Union astronomique internationale, UAI) is an international non-governmental organization (INGO) with the objective of advancing astronomy in all aspects, including promoting astronomical research, outreach, education, and development through global cooperation.
See Stellar classification and International Astronomical Union
Ionization
Ionization (or ionisation specifically in Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand) is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.
See Stellar classification and Ionization
Iota Piscium
Iota Piscium (Iota Psc, ι Piscium, ι Psc) is a single, F-type main-sequence star located 45 light years from Earth, in the constellation Pisces.
See Stellar classification and Iota Piscium
Iron
Iron is a chemical element.
See Stellar classification and Iron
Jupiter
Jupiter is the fifth planet from the Sun and the largest in the Solar System.
See Stellar classification and Jupiter
K-type main-sequence star
A K-type main-sequence star, also referred to as a K-type dwarf, or orange dwarf, is a main-sequence (hydrogen-burning) star of spectral type K and luminosity class V. These stars are intermediate in size between red M-type main-sequence stars ("red dwarfs") and yellow/white G-type main-sequence stars.
See Stellar classification and K-type main-sequence star
Kappa Geminorum
Kappa Geminorum (κ Geminorum, κ Gem) is a binary star system in the northern zodiac constellation of Gemini.
See Stellar classification and Kappa Geminorum
Kappa Ophiuchi
Kappa Ophiuchi, Latinized from κ Ophiuchi, is a star in the equatorial constellation Ophiuchus.
See Stellar classification and Kappa Ophiuchi
Kappa1 Ceti
Kappa1 Ceti, Latinized from κ1 Ceti, is a variable yellow dwarf star approximately 30 light-years away in the equatorial constellation of Cetus.
See Stellar classification and Kappa1 Ceti
Kelvin
The kelvin, symbol K, is the base unit of measurement for temperature in the International System of Units (SI).
See Stellar classification and Kelvin
Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
The Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism is an astronomical process that occurs when the surface of a star or a planet cools.
See Stellar classification and Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
Kepler space telescope
The Kepler space telescope is a defunct space telescope launched by NASA in 2009 to discover Earth-sized planets orbiting other stars.
See Stellar classification and Kepler space telescope
L-type supergiant
L-type supergiants are an extremely rare type of supergiant star that have spectral types of "L" due to their low temperatures.
See Stellar classification and L-type supergiant
Lacaille 8760
Lacaille 8760 (AX Microscopii) is a red dwarf star in the constellation Microscopium.
See Stellar classification and Lacaille 8760
List of most massive stars
This is a list of the most massive stars that have been discovered, in solar mass units.
See Stellar classification and List of most massive stars
List of stars in Ursa Major
This is the list of notable stars in the constellation Ursa Major, sorted by decreasing brightness.
See Stellar classification and List of stars in Ursa Major
Local Interstellar Cloud
The Local Interstellar Cloud (LIC), also known as the Local Fluff, is an interstellar cloud roughly across, through which the Solar System is moving.
See Stellar classification and Local Interstellar Cloud
Luminosity
Luminosity is an absolute measure of radiated electromagnetic energy (light) per unit time, and is synonymous with the radiant power emitted by a light-emitting object.
See Stellar classification and Luminosity
Luminous red nova
A luminous red nova (abbr. LRN, pl. luminous red novae, pl.abbr. LRNe) is a stellar explosion thought to be caused by the merging of two stars.
See Stellar classification and Luminous red nova
Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element; it has symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
See Stellar classification and Magnesium
Magnitude (astronomy)
In astronomy, magnitude is measure of the brightness of an object, usually in a defined passband. Stellar classification and magnitude (astronomy) are Concepts in astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Magnitude (astronomy)
Main sequence
In astronomy, the main sequence is a classification of stars which appear on plots of stellar color versus brightness as a continuous and distinctive band. Stellar classification and main sequence are Concepts in astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Main sequence
Manganese
Manganese is a chemical element; it has symbol Mn and atomic number 25.
See Stellar classification and Manganese
Meghnad Saha
Meghnad Saha (6 October 1893 – 16 February 1956) was an Indian astrophysicist who helped devise the theory of thermal ionisation.
See Stellar classification and Meghnad Saha
Metallicity
In astronomy, metallicity is the abundance of elements present in an object that are heavier than hydrogen and helium. Stellar classification and metallicity are Concepts in astronomy and stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Metallicity
Methane
Methane is a chemical compound with the chemical formula (one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms).
See Stellar classification and Methane
Methylidyne radical
Methylidyne, or (unsubstituted) carbyne, is an organic compound whose molecule consists of a single hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom.
See Stellar classification and Methylidyne radical
Micrometre
The micrometre (Commonwealth English) as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: μm) or micrometer (American English), also commonly known by the non-SI term micron, is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI) equalling (SI standard prefix "micro-".
See Stellar classification and Micrometre
Milky Way
The Milky Way is the galaxy that includes the Solar System, with the name describing the galaxy's appearance from Earth: a hazy band of light seen in the night sky formed from stars that cannot be individually distinguished by the naked eye.
See Stellar classification and Milky Way
Mirach
Mirach, Bayer designation Beta Andromedae, Latinized from β Andromedae, is a prominent star in the northern constellation of Andromeda.
See Stellar classification and Mirach
Mnemonic
A mnemonic device or memory device is any learning technique that aids information retention or retrieval in the human memory, often by associating the information with something that is easier to remember.
See Stellar classification and Mnemonic
Molecular cloud
A molecular cloud, sometimes called a stellar nursery (if star formation is occurring within), is a type of interstellar cloud, the density and size of which permit absorption nebulae, the formation of molecules (most commonly molecular hydrogen, H2), and the formation of H II regions. Stellar classification and molecular cloud are Concepts in astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Molecular cloud
Molecule
A molecule is a group of two or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds; depending on context, the term may or may not include ions which satisfy this criterion.
See Stellar classification and Molecule
Mu Cephei
Mu Cephei (Latinized from μ Cephei, abbreviated Mu Cep or μ Cep), also known as Herschel's Garnet Star, Erakis, or HD 206936, is a red supergiant or hypergiant star in the constellation Cepheus.
See Stellar classification and Mu Cephei
Mu Herculis
Mu Herculis (μ Herculis) is a nearby quadruple star system about 27.1 light years from Earth in the constellation Hercules.
See Stellar classification and Mu Herculis
Mu Normae
μ Normae, Latinised as Mu Normae, is a blue supergiant star of spectral type O9.7 Iab, located in the constellation of Norma.
See Stellar classification and Mu Normae
Nebula
A nebula (cloud, fog;: nebulae, nebulæ, or nebulas) is a distinct luminescent part of interstellar medium, which can consist of ionized, neutral, or molecular hydrogen and also cosmic dust. Stellar classification and nebula are Concepts in astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Nebula
Nitrogen
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7.
See Stellar classification and Nitrogen
Nova
A nova (novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months.
See Stellar classification and Nova
Nuclear fusion
Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei, usually deuterium and tritium (hydrogen isotopes), combine to form one or more different atomic nuclei and subatomic particles (neutrons or protons).
See Stellar classification and Nuclear fusion
OB star
OB stars are hot, massive stars of spectral types O or early-type B that form in loosely organized groups called OB associations.
See Stellar classification and OB star
Omicron2 Canis Majoris
Omicron2 Canis Majoris (ο2 CMa, ο2 Canis Majoris) is a star in the constellation Canis Major.
See Stellar classification and Omicron2 Canis Majoris
Order of magnitude
An order of magnitude is an approximation of the logarithm of a value relative to some contextually understood reference value, usually 10, interpreted as the base of the logarithm and the representative of values of magnitude one.
See Stellar classification and Order of magnitude
Orion (constellation)
Orion is a prominent set of stars visible during winter in the northern celestial hemisphere.
See Stellar classification and Orion (constellation)
Oxide
An oxide is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and one other element in its chemical formula.
See Stellar classification and Oxide
Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element; it has symbol O and atomic number 8.
See Stellar classification and Oxygen
P Cygni
P Cygni (34 Cygni) is a variable star in the constellation Cygnus.
See Stellar classification and P Cygni
Parallax
Parallax is a displacement or difference in the apparent position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight and is measured by the angle or half-angle of inclination between those two lines.
See Stellar classification and Parallax
Phecda
Phecda, also called Gamma Ursae Majoris (γ Ursae Majoris, abbreviated Gamma UMa, γ UMa), is a star in the constellation of Ursa Major.
See Stellar classification and Phecda
Philip Childs Keenan
Philip Childs Keenan (March 31, 1908 – April 20, 2000) was an American astronomer.
See Stellar classification and Philip Childs Keenan
Photometric system
In astronomy, a photometric system is a set of well-defined passbands (or optical filters), with a known sensitivity to incident radiation.
See Stellar classification and Photometric system
Photosphere
The photosphere is a star's outer shell from which light is radiated. Stellar classification and photosphere are stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Photosphere
Planetary nebula
A planetary nebula is a type of emission nebula consisting of an expanding, glowing shell of ionized gas ejected from red giant stars late in their lives.
See Stellar classification and Planetary nebula
Planetary system
A planetary system is a set of gravitationally bound non-stellar objects in or out of orbit around a star or star system. Stellar classification and planetary system are Concepts in astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Planetary system
Pollux (star)
Pollux is the brightest star in the constellation of Gemini.
See Stellar classification and Pollux (star)
Prism (optics)
An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light.
See Stellar classification and Prism (optics)
Procyon
Procyon is the brightest star in the constellation of Canis Minor and usually the eighth-brightest star in the night sky, with an apparent visual magnitude of 0.34.
See Stellar classification and Procyon
Protoplanetary disk
A protoplanetary disk is a rotating circumstellar disc of dense gas and dust surrounding a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star, or Herbig Ae/Be star.
See Stellar classification and Protoplanetary disk
Protostar
A protostar is a very young star that is still gathering mass from its parent molecular cloud.
See Stellar classification and Protostar
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (often abbreviated as PASP in references and literature) is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal managed by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.
See Stellar classification and Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics is a fundamental theory that describes the behavior of nature at and below the scale of atoms.
See Stellar classification and Quantum mechanics
Red dwarf
A red dwarf is the smallest kind of star on the main sequence.
See Stellar classification and Red dwarf
Rho Boötis
Rho Boötis, Latinised from ρ Boötis, is a single, orange-hued star in the northern constellation of Boötes.
See Stellar classification and Rho Boötis
Rigel
Rigel is a blue supergiant star in the constellation of Orion.
See Stellar classification and Rigel
Roman numerals
Roman numerals are a numeral system that originated in ancient Rome and remained the usual way of writing numbers throughout Europe well into the Late Middle Ages.
See Stellar classification and Roman numerals
RW Cephei
RW Cephei is a K-type hypergiant and a semirregular variable star in the constellation Cepheus, at the edge of the Sharpless 132 H II region and close to the small open cluster Berkeley 94.
See Stellar classification and RW Cephei
S Monocerotis
S Monocerotis, also known as 15 Monocerotis, is a massive multiple and variable star system located in the constellation Monoceros.
See Stellar classification and S Monocerotis
S-process
The slow neutron-capture process, or s-process, is a series of reactions in nuclear astrophysics that occur in stars, particularly asymptotic giant branch stars.
See Stellar classification and S-process
Shell star
A shell star is a star having a spectrum that shows extremely broad absorption lines, plus some very narrow absorption lines.
See Stellar classification and Shell star
Sigma Draconis
Sigma Draconis is a single star in the northern constellation of Draco.
See Stellar classification and Sigma Draconis
Silicon
Silicon is a chemical element; it has symbol Si and atomic number 14.
See Stellar classification and Silicon
Sirius
Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky.
See Stellar classification and Sirius
Sodium
Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.
See Stellar classification and Sodium
Solar mass
The solar mass is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately.
See Stellar classification and Solar mass
Solar radius
Solar radius is a unit of distance used to express the size of stars in astronomy relative to the Sun. Stellar classification and Solar radius are stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Solar radius
Solar System
The Solar SystemCapitalization of the name varies.
See Stellar classification and Solar System
Space colonization
Space colonization is the use of outer space for colonization, such as permanent habitation, exploitation or territorial claims.
See Stellar classification and Space colonization
Space Telescope Science Institute
The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) is the science operations center for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), science operations and mission operations center for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), and science operations center for the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope.
See Stellar classification and Space Telescope Science Institute
Spectral band
Spectral bands are regions of a given spectrum, having a specific range of wavelengths or frequencies.
See Stellar classification and Spectral band
Spectral line
A spectral line is a weaker or stronger region in an otherwise uniform and continuous spectrum.
See Stellar classification and Spectral line
Spectroscopic notation
Spectroscopic notation provides a way to specify atomic ionization states, atomic orbitals, and molecular orbitals.
See Stellar classification and Spectroscopic notation
Spectrum
A spectrum (spectra or spectrums) is a condition that is not limited to a specific set of values but can vary, without gaps, across a continuum.
See Stellar classification and Spectrum
Spectrum (physical sciences)
In the physical sciences, the term spectrum was introduced first into optics by Isaac Newton in the 17th century, referring to the range of colors observed when white light was dispersed through a prism.
See Stellar classification and Spectrum (physical sciences)
Spiral arm
Spiral arms are a defining feature of spiral galaxies.
See Stellar classification and Spiral arm
Standard illuminant
A standard illuminant is a theoretical source of visible light with a spectral power distribution that is published.
See Stellar classification and Standard illuminant
Star
A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by self-gravity. Stellar classification and star are Concepts in astronomy and stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Star
Stellar classification
In astronomy, stellar classification is the classification of stars based on their spectral characteristics. Stellar classification and stellar classification are Concepts in astronomy, Hertzsprung–Russell classifications, stars by luminosity class, stars by spectral type and stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Stellar classification
Stellar evolution
Stellar evolution is the process by which a star changes over the course of its lifetime and how it can lead to the creation of a new star. Stellar classification and Stellar evolution are Concepts in astronomy and stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Stellar evolution
Stellar kinematics
In astronomy, stellar kinematics is the observational study or measurement of the kinematics or motions of stars through space. Stellar classification and stellar kinematics are stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Stellar kinematics
Stellar mass
Stellar mass is a phrase that is used by astronomers to describe the mass of a star. Stellar classification and Stellar mass are stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Stellar mass
Stellar nucleosynthesis
In astrophysics, stellar nucleosynthesis is the creation of chemical elements by nuclear fusion reactions within stars. Stellar classification and stellar nucleosynthesis are Concepts in astronomy and stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Stellar nucleosynthesis
Stellar population
In 1944, Walter Baade categorized groups of stars within the Milky Way into stellar populations. Stellar classification and stellar population are stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Stellar population
Stellar rotation
Stellar rotation is the angular motion of a star about its axis. Stellar classification and Stellar rotation are stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Stellar rotation
Stellar wind
A stellar wind is a flow of gas ejected from the upper atmosphere of a star. Stellar classification and stellar wind are stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and Stellar wind
Subdwarf
A subdwarf, sometimes denoted by "sd", is a star with luminosity class VI under the Yerkes spectral classification system.
See Stellar classification and Subdwarf
Subgiant
A subgiant is a star that is brighter than a normal main-sequence star of the same spectral class, but not as bright as giant stars.
See Stellar classification and Subgiant
Substellar object
A substellar object, sometimes called a substar, is an astronomical object, the mass of which is smaller than the smallest mass at which hydrogen fusion can be sustained (approximately 0.08 solar masses).
See Stellar classification and Substellar object
Sun
The Sun is the star at the center of the Solar System.
See Stellar classification and Sun
Supergiant
Supergiants are among the most massive and most luminous stars.
See Stellar classification and Supergiant
Surface gravity
The surface gravity, g, of an astronomical object is the gravitational acceleration experienced at its surface at the equator, including the effects of rotation.
See Stellar classification and Surface gravity
Taxonomy
Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization.
See Stellar classification and Taxonomy
Temperature
Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness.
See Stellar classification and Temperature
The Astronomical Journal
The Astronomical Journal (often abbreviated AJ in scientific papers and references) is a peer-reviewed monthly scientific journal owned by the American Astronomical Society (AAS) and currently published by IOP Publishing.
See Stellar classification and The Astronomical Journal
The Astrophysical Journal
The Astrophysical Journal (ApJ) is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of astrophysics and astronomy, established in 1895 by American astronomers George Ellery Hale and James Edward Keeler.
See Stellar classification and The Astrophysical Journal
Thin disk
The thin disk is a structural component of spiral and S0-type galaxies, composed of stars, gas and dust.
See Stellar classification and Thin disk
Titanium
Titanium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ti and atomic number 22.
See Stellar classification and Titanium
Titanium(II) oxide
Titanium(II) oxide (TiO) is an inorganic chemical compound of titanium and oxygen.
See Stellar classification and Titanium(II) oxide
Triple-alpha process
The triple-alpha process is a set of nuclear fusion reactions by which three helium-4 nuclei (alpha particles) are transformed into carbon.
See Stellar classification and Triple-alpha process
Type (biology)
In biology, a type is a particular specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated.
See Stellar classification and Type (biology)
UBV photometric system
The UBV photometric system (from Ultraviolet, Blue, Visual), also called the Johnson system (or Johnson-Morgan system), is a photometric system usually employed for classifying stars according to their colors. Stellar classification and UBV photometric system are stellar astronomy.
See Stellar classification and UBV photometric system
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays.
See Stellar classification and Ultraviolet
University College London
University College London (branded as UCL) is a public research university in London, England.
See Stellar classification and University College London
University of Nottingham
The University of Nottingham is a public research university in Nottingham, England.
See Stellar classification and University of Nottingham
Upsilon Orionis
Upsilon Orionis (υOri, υOrionis) is a star in the constellation Orion.
See Stellar classification and Upsilon Orionis
V838 Monocerotis
V838 Monocerotis (Nova Monocerotis 2002) is a spectroscopic binary star system in the constellation Monoceros about 19,000 light years (6 kpc) from the Sun.
See Stellar classification and V838 Monocerotis
Van Maanen 2
Van Maanen 2, or van Maanen's Star, is the closest known solitary white dwarf to the Solar System. It is a dense, compact stellar remnant no longer generating energy and has equivalent to about 68% of the Sun's mass but only 1% of its radius. At a distance of 14.1 light-years it is the third closest of its type of star after Sirius B and Procyon B, in that order.
See Stellar classification and Van Maanen 2
Vanadium(II) oxide
Vanadium(II) oxide is the inorganic compound with the idealized formula VO.
See Stellar classification and Vanadium(II) oxide
Vega
Vega is the brightest star in the northern constellation of Lyra.
See Stellar classification and Vega
Visible spectrum
The visible spectrum is the band of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
See Stellar classification and Visible spectrum
VV Cephei
VV Cephei, also known as HD 208816, is an eclipsing binary star system located in the constellation Cepheus.
See Stellar classification and VV Cephei
VY Canis Majoris
VY Canis Majoris (abbreviated to VY CMa) is an extreme oxygen-rich red hypergiant or red supergiant (O-rich RHG or RSG) and pulsating variable star from the Solar System in the slightly southern constellation of Canis Major.
See Stellar classification and VY Canis Majoris
Water
Water is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula.
See Stellar classification and Water
Wavelength
In physics and mathematics, wavelength or spatial period of a wave or periodic function is the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.
See Stellar classification and Wavelength
White dwarf
A white dwarf is a stellar core remnant composed mostly of electron-degenerate matter.
See Stellar classification and White dwarf
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE, observatory code C51, Explorer 92 and MIDEX-6) is a NASA infrared astronomy space telescope in the Explorers Program launched in December 2009.
See Stellar classification and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer
William Herschel
Frederick William Herschel (Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel; 15 November 1738 – 25 August 1822) was a German-British astronomer and composer.
See Stellar classification and William Herschel
William Wilson Morgan
William Wilson Morgan (January 3, 1906 – June 21, 1994) was an American astronomer and astrophysicist.
See Stellar classification and William Wilson Morgan
Williamina Fleming
Williamina Paton Stevens Fleming (15 May 1857 – 21 May 1911) was a Scottish astronomer.
See Stellar classification and Williamina Fleming
WISE 0855−0714
WISE 0855−0714 (full designation WISE J085510.83−071442.5, or W0855 for short) is a sub-brown dwarf from Earth, therefore the fourth-closest star or (sub-) brown dwarf system to the Sun, the discovery of which was announced in April 2014 by Kevin Luhman using data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE).
See Stellar classification and WISE 0855−0714
WISE 1828+2650
WISE 1828+2650 (full designation WISEPA J182831.08+265037.8) is a possibly binary brown dwarf or rogue planet of spectral class >Y2, located in the constellation Lyra at approximately 32.5 light-years from Earth.
See Stellar classification and WISE 1828+2650
Wolf–Rayet star
Wolf–Rayet stars, often abbreviated as WR stars, are a rare heterogeneous set of stars with unusual spectra showing prominent broad emission lines of ionised helium and highly ionised nitrogen or carbon.
See Stellar classification and Wolf–Rayet star
Yellow supergiant
A yellow supergiant (YSG) is a star, generally of spectral type F or G, having a supergiant luminosity class (e.g. Ia or Ib).
See Stellar classification and Yellow supergiant
Yerkes Observatory
Yerkes Observatory is an astronomical observatory located in Williams Bay, Wisconsin, United States.
See Stellar classification and Yerkes Observatory
Zeta Leonis
Zeta Leonis (ζ Leonis, abbreviated Zeta Leo, ζ Leo), also named Adhafera, is a third-magnitude star in the constellation of Leo, the lion.
See Stellar classification and Zeta Leonis
Zeta Persei
Zeta Persei (ζ Per, ζ Persei) is a star in the northern constellation of Perseus.
See Stellar classification and Zeta Persei
Zirconium
Zirconium is a chemical element; it has symbol Zr and atomic number 40.
See Stellar classification and Zirconium
10 Lacertae
10 Lacertae (10 Lac) is a star in the constellation Lacerta.
See Stellar classification and 10 Lacertae
2MASS J11263991−5003550
2MASS J11263991−5003550 (2MASS J1126−5003) is a brown dwarf about 53 light-years distant from earth.
See Stellar classification and 2MASS J11263991−5003550
59 Cygni
59 Cygni is a multiple star system in the northern constellation of Cygnus, located roughly 1,300 light years away from Earth.
See Stellar classification and 59 Cygni
61 Cygni
61 Cygni is a binary star system in the constellation Cygnus, consisting of a pair of K-type dwarf stars that orbit each other in a period of about 659 years.
See Stellar classification and 61 Cygni
61 Ursae Majoris
61 Ursae Majoris, abbreviated 61 UMa, is a single star in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major.
See Stellar classification and 61 Ursae Majoris
78 Ursae Majoris
78 Ursae Majoris is a binary star system in the northern circumpolar constellation of Ursa Major.
See Stellar classification and 78 Ursae Majoris
9 Cephei
9 Cephei (9 Cep), also known as V337 Cephei, is a variable star in the constellation Cepheus.
See Stellar classification and 9 Cephei
9 Pegasi
9 Pegasi (9 Peg) is a supergiant star in the constellation Pegasus.
See Stellar classification and 9 Pegasi
See also
Hertzsprung–Russell classifications
- Blue loop
- Bright giants
- Giant stars
- Hayashi track
- Henyey track
- Hertzsprung gap
- Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
- Hess diagram
- Hypergiants
- Instability strip
- Main-sequence stars
- Pre-main-sequence stars
- Red dwarfs
- Red-giant branch
- Stellar birthline
- Stellar classification
- Subdwarfs
- Supergiants
- White dwarfs
Stars by luminosity class
- Bright giants
- Giant stars
- Hypergiants
- Main-sequence stars
- Red dwarfs
- Stellar classification
- Subdwarfs
- Supergiants
- White dwarfs
Stars by spectral type
- Carbon stars
- O-type stars
- Stellar classification
- White dwarfs
- Wolf–Rayet stars
References
Also known as A and B type stars, A type and B type stars, A type stars, A-class star, A1 (star), B star, B type stars, B-class star, B-type star, Blue-white main sequence star, Blue-white star, Bright supergiant, Class B star, Class D star, Class L star, Class M star, Drapes classification, Early star, Early type star, Early-type star, Early-type stars, F star, F-class star, F-type star, G star, G-class star, G-type star, G8 star, Harvard Classification Scheme, Harvard Spectral Classification System, Harvard Spectral Sequence, Harvard classification, Harvard spectral classification, Henry-Draper system, History of stellar classification, K star, K-class star, K-type star, Kiss My Lips, Tootsie, Late star, Late type star, Late-type star, List of stellar classes, Luminosity Classes, Luminosity class, M star, M stars, M-class star, M-type star, M3V, MK classification, MK spectral class, MK spectral classification, MKK classification, Morgan's classification, Morgan-Keenan spectral classification, Morgan–Keenan classification, Morgan–Keenan system, O B A F G K M, O-class star, OBAFGKM, OBAFGKML, OBAFGKMLT, OF star, Of?p star, Oh Be A Fine Girl, Kiss Me, Oh, Be A Fine Girl, Kiss Me, Oh, be a fine girl and kiss me, Secchi class, Secchi classes, Secchi classification, Secchi type I, Spectal type, Spectral Class, Spectral class A, Spectral class T, Spectral classes, Spectral classification, Spectral type, Spectral type A9, Spectral type F0, Star categorization, Star classification, Star color, Star colors, Star colour, Star spectrum, Star temperature, Star type, Star types, Stellar class, Stellar classes, Stellar classification (astrophysics), Stellar spectral type, Type a star, Type-A star, Type-B star, Types of Stars, Types of star, Y Dwarf, Yerkes classification system, Yerkes luminosity classification, Yerkes spectral classification, Yerkes spectral classification scheme.
, Chromium, Color index, Cyanide, Cygnus OB2-12, Degenerate matter, Deneb, Deuterium, Diatomic carbon, Diffraction grating, Dwarf star, Edith Kellman, Edward Charles Pickering, Effective temperature, Electromagnetic radiation, Epsilon Cygni, Epsilon Eridani, Epsilon Geminorum, Epsilon Virginis, Eta Aurigae, Eta Boötis, Eta Canis Majoris, Eta Leonis, European Southern Observatory, Fomalhaut, Forbidden mechanism, G-type main-sequence star, Galactic halo, Galaxy, Gamma Cassiopeiae, Gamma Cygni, Gamma Draconis, Geologic record, Giant star, Habitability of binary star systems, Habitability of red dwarf systems, Harvard College Observatory, Harvard Computers, HD 10647, HD 149382, HD 21389, HD 93129, Helium, Henry Draper Catalogue, Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, Hydride, Hydrogen, Hydrogen line, Hydrogen spectral series, Hypergiant, Infrared, International Astronomical Union, Ionization, Iota Piscium, Iron, Jupiter, K-type main-sequence star, Kappa Geminorum, Kappa Ophiuchi, Kappa1 Ceti, Kelvin, Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism, Kepler space telescope, L-type supergiant, Lacaille 8760, List of most massive stars, List of stars in Ursa Major, Local Interstellar Cloud, Luminosity, Luminous red nova, Magnesium, Magnitude (astronomy), Main sequence, Manganese, Meghnad Saha, Metallicity, Methane, Methylidyne radical, Micrometre, Milky Way, Mirach, Mnemonic, Molecular cloud, Molecule, Mu Cephei, Mu Herculis, Mu Normae, Nebula, Nitrogen, Nova, Nuclear fusion, OB star, Omicron2 Canis Majoris, Order of magnitude, Orion (constellation), Oxide, Oxygen, P Cygni, Parallax, Phecda, Philip Childs Keenan, Photometric system, Photosphere, Planetary nebula, Planetary system, Pollux (star), Prism (optics), Procyon, Protoplanetary disk, Protostar, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Quantum mechanics, Red dwarf, Rho Boötis, Rigel, Roman numerals, RW Cephei, S Monocerotis, S-process, Shell star, Sigma Draconis, Silicon, Sirius, Sodium, Solar mass, Solar radius, Solar System, Space colonization, Space Telescope Science Institute, Spectral band, Spectral line, Spectroscopic notation, Spectrum, Spectrum (physical sciences), Spiral arm, Standard illuminant, Star, Stellar classification, Stellar evolution, Stellar kinematics, Stellar mass, Stellar nucleosynthesis, Stellar population, Stellar rotation, Stellar wind, Subdwarf, Subgiant, Substellar object, Sun, Supergiant, Surface gravity, Taxonomy, Temperature, The Astronomical Journal, The Astrophysical Journal, Thin disk, Titanium, Titanium(II) oxide, Triple-alpha process, Type (biology), UBV photometric system, Ultraviolet, University College London, University of Nottingham, Upsilon Orionis, V838 Monocerotis, Van Maanen 2, Vanadium(II) oxide, Vega, Visible spectrum, VV Cephei, VY Canis Majoris, Water, Wavelength, White dwarf, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, William Herschel, William Wilson Morgan, Williamina Fleming, WISE 0855−0714, WISE 1828+2650, Wolf–Rayet star, Yellow supergiant, Yerkes Observatory, Zeta Leonis, Zeta Persei, Zirconium, 10 Lacertae, 2MASS J11263991−5003550, 59 Cygni, 61 Cygni, 61 Ursae Majoris, 78 Ursae Majoris, 9 Cephei, 9 Pegasi.