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826 relations: *Walhaz, A. H. Dodd, A470 road, A55 road, ABC-Clio, Aberdyfi, Aberffraw, Aberystwyth, Aberystwyth University, Act of parliament, Act of Senedd Cymru, Adam Sedgwick, Agriculture in Wales, Alfred Janes, Alfred the Great, Alosidae, Alpine climate, Alun Owen, American cuisine, Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales, Anarawd ap Rhodri, Ancient Roman technology, Andrew Vicari, Aneirin, Anglesey, Anglican Communion, Anglo-Saxons, Annales Cambriae, Annals (Tacitus), Anthony Hopkins, Appellate court, Aran Fawddwy, Arctic char, Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales, Armes Prydein, Atlantic Bronze Age, Atlantic puffin, Augustus John, Autarky, Æthelbald of Mercia, Bala Lake, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd, Bank holiday, Bank of England, Bank of Scotland, Bank of Wales, Bara brith, Barn (Welsh magazine), ... Expand index (776 more) »
- Celtic nations
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*Walhaz
*Walhaz is a reconstructed Proto-Germanic word meaning 'foreigner', or more specifically 'Roman', 'Romance-speaker' or '(romanized) Celt', and survives in the English words of 'Wales/Welsh' and 'Cornwall.' The term was used by the ancient Germanic peoples to describe inhabitants of the former Roman Empire, who were largely romanised and spoke Latin languages (cf.
A. H. Dodd
Professor Arthur Herbert Dodd (1891 – 21 May 1975) was an academic historian who taught and published widely, specialising in the politics of the Tudor and Stuart periods, Welsh history, and the history of the Industrial Revolution.
A470 road
The A470 (also named the Cardiff to Glan Conwy Trunk Road) is a trunk road in Wales.
A55 road
The A55, also known as the North Wales Expressway (Gwibffordd Gogledd Cymru), is a major road in Wales and England, connecting Cheshire and North Wales.
ABC-Clio
ABC-Clio, LLC (stylized ABC-CLIO) is an American publishing company for academic reference works and periodicals primarily on topics such as history and social sciences for educational and public library settings.
Aberdyfi
Aberdyfi, also known as Aberdovey, is a village and community in Gwynedd, Wales, located on the northern side of the estuary of the River Dyfi.
Aberffraw
Aberffraw is a village and community on the south west coast of the Isle of Anglesey in Wales.
Aberystwyth
Aberystwyth is a university and seaside town and a community in Ceredigion, Wales.
Aberystwyth University
Aberystwyth University (Prifysgol Aberystwyth) is a public research university in Aberystwyth, Wales.
See Wales and Aberystwyth University
Act of parliament
An act of parliament, as a form of primary legislation, is a text of law passed by the legislative body of a jurisdiction (often a parliament or council).
See Wales and Act of parliament
Act of Senedd Cymru
An Act of Senedd Cymru (Deddf gan Senedd Cymru), or informally an Act of the Senedd, is primary legislation that can be made by the Senedd (Welsh Parliament) under part 4 of the Government of Wales Act 2006 (as amended by the Wales Act 2017).
See Wales and Act of Senedd Cymru
Adam Sedgwick
Adam Sedgwick (22 March 1785 – 27 January 1873) was a British geologist and Anglican priest, one of the founders of modern geology.
Agriculture in Wales
Agriculture in Wales has in the past been a major part of the economy of Wales, a largely rural country which is part of the United Kingdom.
See Wales and Agriculture in Wales
Alfred Janes
Alfred George Janes (30 June 1911 – 3 February 1999) was a Welsh artist, who worked in Swansea and Croydon.
Alfred the Great
Alfred the Great (also spelled Ælfred; – 26 October 899) was King of the West Saxons from 871 to 886, and King of the Anglo-Saxons from 886 until his death in 899.
See Wales and Alfred the Great
Alosidae
The Alosidae, or the shads, are a family of clupeiform fishes.
Alpine climate
Alpine climate is the typical climate for elevations above the tree line, where trees fail to grow due to cold.
Alun Owen
Alun Davies Owen (24 November 1925 – 6 December 1994) was a Welsh playwright, screenwriter and actor, predominantly in television.
American cuisine
American cuisine consists of the cooking style and traditional dishes prepared in the United States.
See Wales and American cuisine
Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales
Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales, branded as simply Amgueddfa Cymru (formerly the National Museums and Galleries of Wales and legally National Museum of Wales), is a Welsh Government sponsored body that comprises seven museums in Wales.
See Wales and Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales
Anarawd ap Rhodri
Anarawd ap Rhodri was King of Gwynedd from 878 to 916.
See Wales and Anarawd ap Rhodri
Ancient Roman technology
Ancient Roman technology is the collection of techniques, skills, methods, processes, and engineering practices which supported Roman civilization and made possible the expansion of the economy and military of ancient Rome (753 BC – 476 AD).
See Wales and Ancient Roman technology
Andrew Vicari
Andrew Vicari (born Andrea Antonio Giovanni Vaccari; 20 April 1932 – 3 October 2016) was a Welsh painter working in France, who established a career painting portraits of prominent people.
Aneirin
Aneirin, also rendered as Aneurin or Neirin, was an early Medieval Brythonic war poet who lived during the 6th century.
Anglesey
Anglesey (Ynys Môn) is an island off the north-west coast of Wales.
Anglican Communion
The Anglican Communion is the third largest Christian communion after the Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches.
See Wales and Anglican Communion
Anglo-Saxons
The Anglo-Saxons, the English or Saxons of Britain, were a cultural group who spoke Old English and inhabited much of what is now England and south-eastern Scotland in the Early Middle Ages.
Annales Cambriae
The (Latin for Annals of Wales) is the title given to a complex of Latin chronicles compiled or derived from diverse sources at St David's in Dyfed, Wales.
See Wales and Annales Cambriae
Annals (Tacitus)
The Annals (Annales) by Roman historian and senator Tacitus is a history of the Roman Empire from the reign of Tiberius to that of Nero, the years AD 14–68.
See Wales and Annals (Tacitus)
Anthony Hopkins
Sir Philip Anthony Hopkins (born 31 December 1937) is a Welsh actor.
Appellate court
An appellate court, commonly called a court of appeal(s), appeal court, court of second instance or second instance court, is any court of law that is empowered to hear an appeal of a trial court or other lower tribunal.
Aran Fawddwy
Aran Fawddwy is a mountain in southern Snowdonia, Wales, United Kingdom.
Arctic char
The Arctic char or Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) is a cold-water fish in the family Salmonidae, native to alpine lakes, as well as Arctic and subarctic coastal waters in the Holarctic.
Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
An Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB;, AHNE) is one of 46 areas of countryside in England, Wales, or Northern Ireland that has been designated for conservation due to its significant landscape value.
See Wales and Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales
There are five Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONBs) in Wales, known from November 2023 as National Landscapes (Tirwedd Cenedlaethol).
See Wales and Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty in Wales
Armes Prydein
Armes Prydein (The Prophecy of Britain) is an early 10th-century Welsh prophetic poem from the Book of Taliesin.
Atlantic Bronze Age
The Atlantic Bronze Age is a term that has never been formally defined.
See Wales and Atlantic Bronze Age
Atlantic puffin
The Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica), also known as the common puffin, is a species of seabird in the auk family.
Augustus John
Augustus Edwin John (4 January 1878 – 31 October 1961) was a Welsh painter, draughtsman, and etcher.
Autarky
Autarky is the characteristic of self-sufficiency, usually applied to societies, communities, states, and their economic systems.
Æthelbald of Mercia
Æthelbald (also spelled Ethelbald or Aethelbald; died 757) was the King of Mercia, in what is now the English Midlands from 716 until he was killed in 757.
See Wales and Æthelbald of Mercia
Bala Lake
Bala Lake (Llyn Tegid) is a large freshwater glacial lake in Gwynedd, Wales.
Bangor University
Bangor University (Prifysgol Bangor) is a public university in Bangor, Wales.
See Wales and Bangor University
Bangor, Gwynedd
Bangor is a cathedral city and community in Gwynedd, North Wales.
Bank holiday
A bank holiday is a national public holiday in the United Kingdom and the Crown Dependencies, and a colloquial term for a public holiday in the Republic of Ireland.
Bank of England
The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom and the model on which most modern central banks have been based.
Bank of Scotland
The Bank of Scotland plc (Scottish Gaelic: Banca na h-Alba) is a commercial and clearing bank based in Edinburgh, Scotland, and is part of the Lloyds Banking Group.
See Wales and Bank of Scotland
Bank of Wales
The Bank of Wales (Welsh: Banc Cymru) was a commercial bank in Wales which was founded in 1971.
Bara brith
Bara brith is a traditional Welsh tea bread flavoured with tea, dried fruits and spices.
Barn (Welsh magazine)
Barn (Welsh for "Opinion") is a monthly Welsh language current affairs magazine.
See Wales and Barn (Welsh magazine)
Barry, Vale of Glamorgan
Barry (Y Barri) is a town and community in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales.
See Wales and Barry, Vale of Glamorgan
Basking shark
The basking shark (Cetorhinus maximus) is the second-largest living shark and fish, after the whale shark.
Battle of Badon
The Battle of Badon, also known as the Battle of Mons Badonicus, was purportedly fought between Britons and Anglo-Saxons in Post-Roman Britain during the late 5th or early 6th century.
Battle of Hastings
The Battle of Hastings was fought on 14 October 1066 between the Norman-French army of William, Duke of Normandy, and an English army under the Anglo-Saxon King Harold Godwinson, beginning the Norman Conquest of England.
See Wales and Battle of Hastings
Battle of Passchendaele
The Third Battle of Ypres (Dritte Flandernschlacht; Troisième Bataille des Flandres; Derde Slag om Ieper), also known as the Battle of Passchendaele, was a campaign of the First World War, fought by the Allies against the German Empire.
See Wales and Battle of Passchendaele
BBC
The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England.
See Wales and BBC
BBC Cymru Wales
BBC Cymru Wales is a division of the BBC and the main public broadcaster in Wales.
BBC National Orchestra of Wales
The BBC National Orchestra of Wales (BBC NOW) (Cerddorfa Genedlaethol Gymreig y BBC) is a Welsh symphony orchestra and one of the BBC's five professional radio orchestras.
See Wales and BBC National Orchestra of Wales
BBC News
BBC News is an operational business division of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) responsible for the gathering and broadcasting of news and current affairs in the UK and around the world.
BBC Radio Cymru
BBC Radio Cymru is a Welsh language radio station owned and operated by BBC Cymru Wales, a division of the BBC.
BBC Sport
BBC Sport is the sports division of the BBC, providing national sports coverage for BBC television, radio and online.
Beaumaris Castle
Beaumaris Castle (Castell Biwmares), in Beaumaris, Anglesey, Wales, was built as part of Edward I's campaign to conquer north Wales after 1282.
See Wales and Beaumaris Castle
Beaver
Beavers (genus Castor) are large, semiaquatic rodents of the Northern Hemisphere.
See Wales and Beaver
Beeching cuts
The Beeching cuts, also colloquially referred to as the Beeching Axe, were a major series of route closures and service changes made as part of the restructuring of the nationalised railway system in Great Britain in the 1960s.
Before Present
Before Present (BP) or "years before present (YBP)" is a time scale used mainly in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events occurred relative to the origin of practical radiocarbon dating in the 1950s.
Bersham
Bersham (Y Bers; standardised: Bers) is a village in Wrexham County Borough, Wales, that lies next to the River Clywedog, and is in the community of Esclusham.
Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwick-upon-Tweed, sometimes known as Berwick-on-Tweed or simply Berwick, is a town and civil parish in Northumberland, England, south of the Anglo-Scottish border, and the northernmost town in England.
See Wales and Berwick-upon-Tweed
Berwyn range
The Berwyn range (Welsh: Y Berwyn or Mynydd y Berwyn) is an isolated and sparsely populated area of moorland in the northeast of Wales, roughly bounded by Llangollen in the northeast, Corwen in the northwest, Bala in the southwest, and Oswestry in the southeast.
Betty Campbell
Betty Campbell (6 November 1934 – 13 October 2017, born Rachel Elizabeth Johnson) was a Welsh community activist, who was Wales' first black head teacher.
Betws-y-Coed
Betws-y-Coed (meaning 'prayer-house in the woods') is a village and community in the Conwy valley in Conwy County Borough, Wales, located in the historic county of Caernarfonshire, right on the boundary with Denbighshire, in the Gwydir Forest.
Bevin Boys
Bevin Boys were young British men conscripted to work in coal mines between December 1943 and March 1948, to increase the rate of coal production, which had declined through the early years of World War II.
Bible translations into Welsh
Parts of the Bible have been translated into Welsh since at least the 15th century, but the most widely used translation of the Bible into Welsh for several centuries was the 1588 translation by William Morgan, Y Beibl cyssegr-lan sef Yr Hen Destament, a'r Newydd as revised in 1620.
See Wales and Bible translations into Welsh
Big Pit National Coal Museum
Big Pit National Coal Museum (Pwll Mawr Amgueddfa Lofaol Cymru) is an industrial heritage museum in Blaenavon, Torfaen, Wales.
See Wales and Big Pit National Coal Museum
Bird of prey
Birds of prey or predatory birds, also known as raptors, are hypercarnivorous bird species that actively hunt and feed on other vertebrates (mainly mammals, reptiles and other smaller birds).
Black Book of Carmarthen
The Black Book of Carmarthen (Llyfr Du Caerfyrddin) is thought to be the earliest surviving manuscript written solely in Welsh.
See Wales and Black Book of Carmarthen
Black British people
Black British people are a multi-ethnic group of British people of either African or Afro-Caribbean descent.
See Wales and Black British people
Black Welsh people
Black Welsh people are inhabitants of Wales who have an African or an Afro-Caribbean background and are black.
See Wales and Black Welsh people
Black-legged kittiwake
The black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) is a seabird species in the gull family Laridae.
See Wales and Black-legged kittiwake
Blaenavon Industrial Landscape
Blaenavon Industrial Landscape, in and around Blaenavon, Torfaen, Wales, was inscribed a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000.
See Wales and Blaenavon Industrial Landscape
Blue Flag beach
The Blue Flag is a certification by the Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) that a beach, marina, or sustainable boating tourism operator meets its standards.
Book of Aneirin
The Book of Aneirin (Llyfr Aneirin) is a late 13th century Welsh manuscript containing Old and Middle Welsh poetry attributed to the late 6th century Northern Brythonic poet, Aneirin, who is believed to have lived in present-day Scotland.
Book of Taliesin
The Book of Taliesin (Llyfr Taliesin) is one of the most famous of Middle Welsh manuscripts, dating from the first half of the 14th century though many of the fifty-six poems it preserves are taken to originate in the 10th century or before.
See Wales and Book of Taliesin
Books Council of Wales
The Books Council of Wales (Cyngor Llyfrau Cymru; previously known as the Welsh Books Council) is a literature advocacy organisation in Wales.
See Wales and Books Council of Wales
Bottlenose dolphin
The bottlenose dolphin is a toothed whale in the genus Tursiops. They are common, cosmopolitan members of the family Delphinidae, the family of oceanic dolphins.
See Wales and Bottlenose dolphin
Bourgeoisie
The bourgeoisie are a class of business owners and merchants which emerged in the Late Middle Ages, originally as a "middle class" between peasantry and aristocracy.
Brecknockshire
Until 1974, Brecknockshire (Brycheiniog or Sir Frycheiniog), also formerly known as the County of Brecknock, Breconshire, or the County of Brecon, was an administrative county in the south of Wales, later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.
Brecon Beacons
The Brecon Beacons (Bannau Brycheiniog) are a mountain range in Wales.
Breton language
Breton (brezhoneg or in Morbihan) is a Southwestern Brittonic language of the Celtic language group spoken in Brittany, part of modern-day France.
Bridgend
Bridgend (Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr or just Pen-y-bont, meaning "the end of the bridge on the Ogmore") is a town in the Bridgend County Borough of Wales, west of Cardiff and east of Swansea.
Bristol Channel
The Bristol Channel (Môr Hafren, literal translation: "Severn Sea") is a major inlet in the island of Great Britain, separating South Wales (from Pembrokeshire to the Vale of Glamorgan) and South West England (from Devon, Somerset to North Somerset).
British Army
The British Army is the principal land warfare force of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories and Crown Dependencies, a part of the British Armed Forces along with the Naval Service and the Royal Air Force.
British Asians
British Asians (also referred to as Asian Britons) are British people of Asian descent.
British Cartographic Society
The British Cartographic Society (BCS) is an association of individuals and organisations dedicated to exploring and developing the world of maps.
See Wales and British Cartographic Society
British Isles
The British Isles are a group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-western coast of continental Europe, consisting of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Inner and Outer Hebrides, the Northern Isles (Orkney and Shetland), and over six thousand smaller islands.
Brittonic languages
The Brittonic languages (also Brythonic or British Celtic; ieithoedd Brythonaidd/Prydeinig; yethow brythonek/predennek; and yezhoù predenek) form one of the two branches of the Insular Celtic language family; the other is Goidelic.
See Wales and Brittonic languages
Bronze Age
The Bronze Age was a historical period lasting from approximately 3300 to 1200 BC.
Bryn Celli Ddu
Bryn Celli Ddu is a prehistoric site on the Welsh island of Anglesey located near Llanddaniel Fab.
Buddhism
Buddhism, also known as Buddha Dharma and Dharmavinaya, is an Indian religion and philosophical tradition based on teachings attributed to the Buddha, a wandering teacher who lived in the 6th or 5th century BCE.
Buddhism in Wales
Buddhism in Wales is followed by 0.3% of the Welsh population, according to the 2021 Census.
See Wales and Buddhism in Wales
Builth Wells
Builth Wells (Llanfair-ym-Muallt) is a market town and community in the county of Powys and historic county of Brecknockshire (Breconshire), mid Wales, lying at the confluence of rivers Wye and Irfon, in the Welsh (or upper) part of the Wye Valley.
Cabinet of the United Kingdom
The Cabinet of the United Kingdom is the senior decision-making body of the Government of the United Kingdom.
See Wales and Cabinet of the United Kingdom
Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care (Wales)
The Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care is a cabinet position in the Welsh Government, currently held by Eluned Morgan MS.
See Wales and Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care (Wales)
Cad Goddeu
Cad Goddeu (Kat Godeu, The Battle of the Trees) is a medieval Welsh poem preserved in the 14th-century manuscript known as the Book of Taliesin.
Cadwaladr
Cadwaladr ap Cadwallon (also spelled Cadwalader or Cadwallader in English) was king of Gwynedd in Wales from around 655 to 682.
Cadwallon ap Cadfan
Cadwallon ap Cadfan (died 634)A difference in the interpretation of Bede's dates has led to the question of whether Cadwallon was killed in 634 or the year earlier, 633.
See Wales and Cadwallon ap Cadfan
Caerfyrddin (UK Parliament constituency)
italic, also known as Carmarthen, is a constituency of the House of Commons in the UK Parliament, first contested at the 2024 United Kingdom general election, following the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies.
See Wales and Caerfyrddin (UK Parliament constituency)
Caernarfon
Caernarfon is a royal town, community and port in Gwynedd, Wales.
Caernarfon Castle
Caernarfon Castle (Castell Caernarfon) is a medieval fortress in Gwynedd, north-west Wales.
See Wales and Caernarfon Castle
Caerwent
Caerwent (Caer-went) is a village and community in Monmouthshire, Wales.
Cambria
Cambria is a name for Wales, being the Latinised form of the Welsh name for the country, Cymru.
Cambrian
The Cambrian is the first geological period of the Paleozoic Era, and the Phanerozoic Eon.
Cambrian Mountains
The Cambrian Mountains (Mynyddoedd Cambria, in a narrower sense: Elenydd) are a series of mountain ranges in Wales.
See Wales and Cambrian Mountains
Cambrian Pottery
The Cambrian Pottery was founded in 1764 by William Coles in Swansea, Glamorganshire, Wales.
See Wales and Cambrian Pottery
Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press is the university press of the University of Cambridge.
See Wales and Cambridge University Press
Cantre'r Gwaelod
Cantre'r Gwaelod, also known as Cantref Gwaelod or The Lowland Hundred, is a legendary ancient sunken kingdom said to have occupied a tract of fertile land lying between Ramsey Island and Bardsey Island in what is now Cardigan Bay to the west of Wales.
See Wales and Cantre'r Gwaelod
Capital Cymru
Capital Cymru is a local Welsh-language radio station owned and operated by Global. The station broadcasts to Gwynedd and Anglesey from studios in Gwersyllt, Wrexham via the Arfon transmitting station. Previously, the station formed part of the Heart network and earlier the Marcher Radio Group. It switched to the Capital network on 6 May 2014.
Caratacus
Caratacus was a 1st-century AD British chieftain of the Catuvellauni tribe, who resisted the Roman conquest of Britain.
Cardiff
Cardiff (Caerdydd) is the capital and largest city of Wales.
Cardiff Airport
Cardiff Airport (Maes Awyr Caerdydd) is an airport in Rhoose, Wales.
Cardiff Bay
Cardiff Bay (Bae Caerdydd; colloquially "The Bay") is an area and freshwater lake in Cardiff, Wales.
Cardiff Blitz
The Cardiff Blitz (Blitz Caerdydd); refers to the bombing of Cardiff, Wales during World War II.
Cardiff city centre
Cardiff city centre (Canol Dinas Caerdydd) is the city centre and central business district of Cardiff, Wales.
See Wales and Cardiff city centre
Cardiff City F.C.
Cardiff City Football Club (Clwb Pêl-droed Dinas Caerdydd) is a professional association football club based in Cardiff, Wales.
See Wales and Cardiff City F.C.
Cardiff Metropolitan University
Cardiff Metropolitan University (Prifysgol Metropolitan Caerdydd), formerly the University of Wales Institute, Cardiff (UWIC; Athrofa Prifysgol Cymru, Caerdydd, APCC) and commonly referred to as Cardiff Met, is a university located in the city of Cardiff.
See Wales and Cardiff Metropolitan University
Cardiff Rugby
Cardiff Rugby (Rygbi Caerdydd.) is one of the four professional Welsh rugby union teams.
Cardiff University
Cardiff University (Prifysgol Caerdydd) is a public research university in Cardiff, Wales.
See Wales and Cardiff University
Carmarthen
Carmarthen (Caerfyrddin, "Merlin's fort" or "Sea-town fort") is the county town of Carmarthenshire and a community in Wales, lying on the River Towy north of its estuary in Carmarthen Bay.
Carnedd Gwenllian
, Furth Carnedd Gwenllian, previously known as Carnedd Uchaf until 2009, is a minor summit of the Carneddau range in Snowdonia, Wales, and included in the Welsh 3000s.
See Wales and Carnedd Gwenllian
Carwyn Jones
Carwyn Howell Jones (born 21 March 1967) is a Welsh politician who served as First Minister of Wales and Leader of Welsh Labour from 2009 to 2018.
Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd
The Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd is a UNESCO-designated World Heritage Site located in Gwynedd, Wales.
See Wales and Castles and Town Walls of King Edward in Gwynedd
Catholic Church in the United Kingdom
The Catholic Church in the United Kingdom is part of the worldwide Catholic Church in communion with the Pope.
See Wales and Catholic Church in the United Kingdom
Cawl
Cawl is a Welsh dish.
See Wales and Cawl
Celtic art
Celtic art is associated with the peoples known as Celts; those who spoke the Celtic languages in Europe from pre-history through to the modern period, as well as the art of ancient peoples whose language is uncertain, but have cultural and stylistic similarities with speakers of Celtic languages.
Celtic Britons
The Britons (*Pritanī, Britanni), also known as Celtic Britons or Ancient Britons, were an indigenous Celtic people who inhabited Great Britain from at least the British Iron Age until the High Middle Ages, at which point they diverged into the Welsh, Cornish, and Bretons (among others).
Celtic Christianity
Celtic Christianity is a form of Christianity that was common, or held to be common, across the Celtic-speaking world during the Early Middle Ages.
See Wales and Celtic Christianity
Celtic languages
The Celtic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family, descended from Proto-Celtic.
See Wales and Celtic languages
Celtic law
A number of law codes have in the past been in use in the various Celtic nations since the Middle Ages.
Celtic nations
The Celtic nations or Celtic countries are a cultural area and collection of geographical regions in Northwestern Europe where the Celtic languages and cultural traits have survived.
Celtic Revival
The Celtic Revival (also referred to as the Celtic Twilight) is a variety of movements and trends in the 19th, 20th and 21st centuries that see a renewed interest in aspects of Celtic culture.
Celtic Sea
The Celtic Sea is the area of the Atlantic Ocean off the southern coast of Ireland bounded to the north by Saint George's Channel; other limits include the Bristol Channel, the English Channel, and the Bay of Biscay, as well as adjacent portions of Wales, Cornwall, and Brittany.
Celts
The Celts (see pronunciation for different usages) or Celtic peoples were a collection of Indo-European peoples.
See Wales and Celts
Central Europe
Central Europe is a geographical region of Europe between Eastern, Southern, Western and Northern Europe.
Ceredigion
Ceredigion, historically Cardiganshire, is a county in the west of Wales.
Ceri Richards
Ceri Giraldus Richards (6 June 1903 – 9 November 1971) was a Welsh painter, print-maker and maker of reliefs.
Chambers Dictionary
The Chambers Dictionary (TCD) was first published by William and Robert Chambers as Chambers's English Dictionary in 1872.
See Wales and Chambers Dictionary
Channel 4
Channel 4 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television channel owned and operated by Channel Four Television Corporation.
Charles III
Charles III (Charles Philip Arthur George; born 14 November 1948) is King of the United Kingdom and the 14 other Commonwealth realms.
Chester
Chester is a cathedral city and the county town of Cheshire, England, on the River Dee, close to the England-Wales border.
Chicken tikka masala
Chicken tikka masala is a dish consisting of roasted marinated chicken chunks (chicken tikka) in a spiced sauce.
See Wales and Chicken tikka masala
Chinese cuisine
Chinese cuisine comprises cuisines originating from China, as well as from Chinese people from other parts of the world.
Christianity
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ.
Christianity in Wales
Representing 43.6% of the Welsh population in 2021, Christianity is the largest religion in Wales.
See Wales and Christianity in Wales
Christopher Williams (Welsh artist)
Christopher David Williams (7 January 1873 – 1934) was a Welsh artist.
See Wales and Christopher Williams (Welsh artist)
Chronicle
A chronicle (chronica, from Greek χρονικά chroniká, from χρόνος, chrónos – "time") is a historical account of events arranged in chronological order, as in a timeline.
Church in Wales
The Church in Wales (Yr Eglwys yng Nghymru) is an Anglican church in Wales, composed of six dioceses.
Church of England
The Church of England (C of E) is the established Christian church in England and the Crown Dependencies.
See Wales and Church of England
City status in the United Kingdom
City status in the United Kingdom is granted by the monarch of the United Kingdom to specific centres of population, which might or might not meet the generally accepted definition of cities.
See Wales and City status in the United Kingdom
Civitas
In Ancient Rome, the Latin term civitas (plural civitates), according to Cicero in the time of the late Roman Republic, was the social body of the cives, or citizens, united by law (concilium coetusque hominum jure sociati).
Classical music
Classical music generally refers to the art music of the Western world, considered to be distinct from Western folk music or popular music traditions.
Clough Williams-Ellis
Sir Bertram Clough Williams-Ellis, CBE, MC (28 May 1883 – 9 April 1978) was a Welsh architect known chiefly as the creator of the Italianate village of Portmeirion in North Wales.
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Cockle (bivalve)
A cockle is an edible marine bivalve mollusc.
See Wales and Cockle (bivalve)
Code-switching
In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation.
Codification (law)
In law, codification is the process of collecting and restating the law of a jurisdiction in certain areas, usually by subject, forming a legal code, i.e. a codex (book) of law.
See Wales and Codification (law)
Coins of the pound sterling
The standard circulating coinage of the United Kingdom, British Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories is denominated in pennies and pounds sterling (symbol "£", commercial GBP), and ranges in value from one penny sterling to two pounds.
See Wales and Coins of the pound sterling
Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol
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See Wales and Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol
Comedian
A comedian or comic (feminine comedienne) is a person who seeks to entertain an audience by making them laugh.
Common Brittonic
Common Brittonic (Brythoneg; Brythonek; Predeneg), also known as British, Common Brythonic, or Proto-Brittonic, is an extinct Celtic language spoken in Britain and Brittany.
See Wales and Common Brittonic
Common law
Common law (also known as judicial precedent, judge-made law, or case law) is the body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions.
Common periwinkle
The common periwinkle or winkle (Littorina littorea) is a species of small edible whelk or sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc that has gills and an operculum, and is classified within the family Littorinidae, the periwinkles.
See Wales and Common periwinkle
Common raven
The common raven (Corvus corax) is a large all-black passerine bird.
Commonwealth Games
The Commonwealth Games is a quadrennial international multi-sport event among athletes from the Commonwealth of Nations, which consists mostly, but not exclusively, of territories of the former British Empire.
See Wales and Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth of Nations
The Commonwealth of Nations, often simply referred to as the Commonwealth, is an international association of 56 member states, the vast majority of which are former territories of the British Empire from which it developed. Wales and Commonwealth of Nations are English-speaking countries and territories.
See Wales and Commonwealth of Nations
Conquest of Wales by Edward I
The conquest of Wales by Edward I took place between 1277 and 1283.
See Wales and Conquest of Wales by Edward I
Constantine the Great
Constantine I (27 February 22 May 337), also known as Constantine the Great, was a Roman emperor from AD 306 to 337 and the first Roman emperor to convert to Christianity.
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Constitutio Antoniniana
The Constitutio Antoniniana (Latin for "Constitution of Antoninus"), also called the Edict of Caracalla or the Antonine Constitution, was an edict issued in AD 212 by the Roman emperor Caracalla.
See Wales and Constitutio Antoniniana
Constitutional monarchy
Constitutional monarchy, also known as limited monarchy, parliamentary monarchy or democratic monarchy, is a form of monarchy in which the monarch exercises their authority in accordance with a constitution and is not alone in making decisions.
See Wales and Constitutional monarchy
Contemporary dance
Contemporary dance is a genre of dance performance that developed during the mid-twentieth century and has since grown to become one of the dominant genres for formally trained dancers throughout the world, with particularly strong popularity in the U.S. and Europe.
See Wales and Contemporary dance
Conwy
Conwy, previously known in English as Conway, is a walled market town, community and the administrative centre of Conwy County Borough in North Wales.
See Wales and Conwy
Conwy Castle
Conwy Castle (Castell Conwy) is a fortification in Conwy, located in North Wales.
Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu and atomic number 29.
See Wales and Copper
Cork (city)
Cork (from corcach, meaning 'marsh') is the second largest city in the Republic of Ireland, third largest on the island of Ireland, the county town of County Cork and largest city in the province of Munster.
Cornish language
Cornish (Standard Written Form: Kernewek or Kernowek) is a Southwestern Brittonic language of the Celtic language family.
See Wales and Cornish language
Cornovii (Midlands)
The Cornovīī (Common Brittonic: *Cornowī) were a Celtic people of the Iron Age and Roman Britain, who lived principally in the modern English counties of Cheshire, Shropshire, north Staffordshire, north Herefordshire and eastern parts of the Welsh counties of Flintshire, Powys and Wrexham.
See Wales and Cornovii (Midlands)
Cornwall
Cornwall (Kernow;; or) is a ceremonial county in South West England. Wales and Cornwall are Celtic nations.
Counsel General for Wales
The Counsel General for Wales is the Welsh Government's Law Officer (akin to the role of Attorney general in other jurisdictions using the Common law), which means the government's chief legal adviser and representative in the courts.
See Wales and Counsel General for Wales
Countries of the United Kingdom
Since 1922, the United Kingdom has been made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales (which collectively make up Great Britain) and Northern Ireland (variously described as a country, province, jurisdiction or region). Wales and countries of the United Kingdom are united Kingdom by country.
See Wales and Countries of the United Kingdom
Country
A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity.
Country code top-level domain
A country code top-level domain (ccTLD) is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, sovereign state, or dependent territory identified with a country code.
See Wales and Country code top-level domain
County court
A county court is a court based in or with a jurisdiction covering one or more counties, which are administrative divisions (subnational entities) within a country, not to be confused with the medieval system of county courts held by the high sheriff of each county.
County Durham
County Durham, officially simply Durham (/ˈdʌrəm/), is a ceremonial county in North East England.
Court of Appeal (England and Wales)
The Court of Appeal (formally "His Majesty's Court of Appeal in England", commonly cited as "CA", "EWCA" or "CoA") is the highest court within the Senior Courts of England and Wales, and second in the legal system of England and Wales only to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom.
See Wales and Court of Appeal (England and Wales)
Courts of England and Wales
The Courts of England and Wales, supported administratively by His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service, are the civil and criminal courts responsible for the administration of justice in England and Wales.
See Wales and Courts of England and Wales
Craven Arms railway station
Craven Arms railway station serves the town of Craven Arms in Shropshire, England.
See Wales and Craven Arms railway station
Crib Goch
Crib Goch is described as a "knife-edged" arête in the Snowdonia National Park in Gwynedd, Wales.
Cricket
Cricket is a bat-and-ball game that is played between two teams of eleven players on a field, at the centre of which is a pitch with a wicket at each end, each comprising two bails balanced on three stumps.
Cromlech
A cromlech (sometimes also spelled "cromleh" or "cromlêh"; cf Welsh crom, "bent"; llech, "slate") is a megalithic construction made of large stone blocks.
Crown Court
The Crown Court is the criminal court of first instance in England and Wales responsible for hearing all indictable offences, some either way offences and appeals of the decisions of magistrates' courts.
Crwth
The crwth, also called a crowd or rote or crotta, is a bowed lyre, a type of stringed instrument, associated particularly with Welsh music, now archaic but once widely played in Europe.
See Wales and Crwth
Culture of Wales
The culture of Wales is distinct, with its own language, customs, festivals, music, art, mythology, history, and politics. Wales is primarily represented by the symbol of the red Welsh Dragon, but other national emblems include the leek and the daffodil.
See Wales and Culture of Wales
Cycle sport
Cycle sport is competitive physical activity using bicycles.
Cyfarthfa Ironworks
The Cyfarthfa Ironworks were major 18th- and 19th-century ironworks in Cyfarthfa, on the north-western edge of Merthyr Tydfil, in South West Wales.
See Wales and Cyfarthfa Ironworks
Cyfraith Hywel
Cyfraith Hywel (Laws of Hywel), also known as Welsh law (Leges Walliæ), was the system of law practised in medieval Wales before its final conquest by England.
Cymru
Cymru is the Welsh-language name for Wales, a country of the United Kingdom, on the island of Great Britain.
See Wales and Cymru
Cymru Premier
The Cymru Premier, known as the JD Cymru Premier for sponsorship reasons, is the national football league of Wales.
Cyril Fox
Sir Cyril Fred Fox (16 December 1882 – 15 January 1967) was an English archaeologist and museum director.
Cywydd
The cywydd (plural cywyddau) is one of the most important metrical forms in traditional Welsh poetry (cerdd dafod).
See Wales and Cywydd
Dafydd ap Gruffydd
Dafydd ap Gruffydd (Dafydd III), (11 July 1238 – 3 October 1283) was Prince of Wales from 11 December 1282 until his execution on 3 October 1283 on the orders of King Edward I of England.
See Wales and Dafydd ap Gruffydd
Dafydd ap Gwilym
Dafydd ap Gwilym (1315/1320 – 1350/1370) is regarded as one of the leading Welsh poets and amongst the great poets of Europe in the Middle Ages.
See Wales and Dafydd ap Gwilym
Daily Post (North Wales)
The Daily Post is a daily newspaper for the North Wales region of Wales.
See Wales and Daily Post (North Wales)
Dale Fort
Dale Fort is a mid-19th-century coastal artillery fort at Dale Head, a rocky promontory near Dale, Pembrokeshire, west of Milford Haven in Wales.
Daniel Owen
Daniel Owen (20 October 1836 – 22 October 1895) was a Welsh novelist.
Danny Dorling
Danny Dorling (born 16 January 1968) is a British social geographer.
David Jones (artist-poet)
Walter David Jones CH, CBE (1 November 1895 – 28 October 1974) was a British painter and modernist poet.
See Wales and David Jones (artist-poet)
David Lloyd George
David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor, (17 January 1863 – 26 March 1945) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1916 to 1922.
See Wales and David Lloyd George
Deceangli
The Deceangli or Deceangi (Welsh: Tegeingl) were one of the Celtic tribes living in Britain, prior to the Roman invasion of the island.
Decimalisation
Decimalisation or decimalization (see spelling differences) is the conversion of a system of currency or of weights and measures to units related by powers of 10.
Deheubarth
Deheubarth (thus 'the South') was a regional name for the realms of south Wales, particularly as opposed to Gwynedd (Latin: Venedotia).
Demetae
The Demetae were a Celtic people of Iron Age and Roman period, who inhabited modern Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire in south-west Wales.
Demographic transition
In demography, demographic transition is a phenomenon and theory which refers to the historical shift from high birth rates and high death rates in societies with minimal technology, education (especially of women) and economic development, to low birth rates and low death rates in societies with advanced technology, education and economic development, as well as the stages between these two scenarios.
See Wales and Demographic transition
Demographics of the United Kingdom
The population of the United Kingdom was estimated at in.
See Wales and Demographics of the United Kingdom
Devolution in the United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, devolution is the Parliament of the United Kingdom's statutory granting of a greater level of self-government to the Scottish Parliament, the Senedd (Welsh Parliament), the Northern Ireland Assembly and the London Assembly and to their associated executive bodies: the Scottish Government, the Welsh Government, the Northern Ireland Executive and in England, the Greater London Authority and combined authorities.
See Wales and Devolution in the United Kingdom
Digital television
Digital television (DTV) is the transmission of television signals using digital encoding, in contrast to the earlier analog television technology which used analog signals.
See Wales and Digital television
Digital television transition
The digital television transition, also called the digital switchover (DSO), the analogue switch/sign-off (ASO), the digital migration, or the analogue shutdown, is the process in which older analogue television broadcasting technology is converted to and replaced by digital television.
See Wales and Digital television transition
Dinorwic quarry
Dinorwic quarry (also known as Dinorwig quarry) is a large former slate quarry, now home to the Welsh National Slate Museum, located between the villages of Llanberis and Dinorwig (formerly Dinorwic) in Wales.
Doctor Who
Doctor Who is a British science fiction television series broadcast by the BBC since 1963.
Dolphin
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal in the clade Odontoceti (toothed whale).
Dowlais Ironworks
The Dowlais Ironworks was a major ironworks and steelworks located at Dowlais near Merthyr Tydfil, in Wales.
See Wales and Dowlais Ironworks
Draba aizoides
Draba aizoides is a species of flowering plant in the family Brassicaceae, known as yellow whitlow-grass.
Dragons RFC
Dragons RFC (Dreigiau) are one of the four professional rugby union regional teams in Wales.
Dublin
Dublin is the capital of the Republic of Ireland and also the largest city by size on the island of Ireland.
See Wales and Dublin
Dwynwen
Saint Dwynwen, sometimes known as Dwyn or Donwen, is the Welsh patron saint of lovers.
Dyfed
Dyfed is a preserved county in southwestern Wales.
See Wales and Dyfed
Dyfed–Powys Police
Dyfed–Powys Police (Heddlu Dyfed–Powys) is the territorial police force in Wales policing Carmarthenshire, Ceredigion and Pembrokeshire (which make up the former administrative area of Dyfed) and the unitary authority of Powys (covering Brecknockshire, Radnorshire and Montgomeryshire).
See Wales and Dyfed–Powys Police
Dylan Thomas
Dylan Marlais Thomas (27 October 1914 – 9 November 1953) was a Welsh poet and writer whose works include the poems "Do not go gentle into that good night" and "And death shall have no dominion", as well as the "play for voices" Under Milk Wood.
Early 1980s recession
The early 1980s recession was a severe economic recession that affected much of the world between approximately the start of 1980 and 1982.
See Wales and Early 1980s recession
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages (or early medieval period), sometimes controversially referred to as the Dark Ages, is typically regarded by historians as lasting from the late 5th to the 10th century.
See Wales and Early Middle Ages
Early modern human
Early modern human (EMH), or anatomically modern human (AMH), are terms used to distinguish Homo sapiens (the only extant Hominina species) that are anatomically consistent with the range of phenotypes seen in contemporary humans, from extinct archaic human species.
See Wales and Early modern human
Eastern Airways
Eastern Airways, legally incorporated as Air Kilroe Limited, is a British regional airline headquartered at Humberside Airport near the village of Kirmington, North Lincolnshire, England.
Edict of Milan
The Edict of Milan (Edictum Mediolanense; Διάταγμα τῶν Μεδιολάνων, Diatagma tōn Mediolanōn) was the February 313 AD agreement to treat Christians benevolently within the Roman Empire.
Edward I of England
Edward I (17/18 June 1239 – 7 July 1307), also known as Edward Longshanks and the Hammer of the Scots, was King of England from 1272 to 1307.
See Wales and Edward I of England
Edward II of England
Edward II (25 April 1284 – 21 September 1327), also known as Edward of Caernarfon or Caernarvon, was King of England from 1307 until he was deposed in January 1327.
See Wales and Edward II of England
Eel
Eels are ray-finned fish belonging to the order Anguilliformes, which consists of eight suborders, 20 families, 164 genera, and about 1000 species.
See Wales and Eel
Eisteddfod
In Welsh culture, an eisteddfod is an institution and festival with several ranked competitions, including in poetry and music.
Eleanor de Montfort
Eleanor de Montfort, Princess of Wales and Lady of Snowdon (1252 – 19 June 1282) was an English noble and Welsh Princess.
See Wales and Eleanor de Montfort
Elisedd ap Gwylog
Elisedd ap Gwylog (died c. 755), also known as Elise, was king of Powys in eastern Wales, son of Gwylog ap Beli.
See Wales and Elisedd ap Gwylog
Emlyn Williams
George Emlyn Williams, CBE (26 November 1905 – 25 September 1987) was a Welsh writer, dramatist and actor.
Employment-to-population ratio
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development defines the employment rate as the employment-to-population ratio.
See Wales and Employment-to-population ratio
Emyr Humphreys
Emyr Owen Humphreys, FRSL, FLSW (15 April 191930 September 2020) was a Welsh novelist, poet, and author.
Encyclopaedia of Wales
The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales, published in January 2008, is a single-volume-publication encyclopaedia about Wales.
See Wales and Encyclopaedia of Wales
End of Roman rule in Britain
The end of Roman rule in Britain was the transition from Roman Britain to post-Roman Britain.
See Wales and End of Roman rule in Britain
England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Wales and England are English-speaking countries and territories, great Britain, island countries and united Kingdom by country.
England and Wales
England and Wales is one of the three legal jurisdictions of the United Kingdom.
See Wales and England and Wales
England and Wales Cricket Board
The England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) is the national governing body of cricket in England and Wales.
See Wales and England and Wales Cricket Board
England cricket team
The England men's cricket team represents England and Wales in international cricket.
See Wales and England cricket team
England–Wales border
The England–Wales border, sometimes referred to as the Wales–England border or the Anglo-Welsh border, runs for from the Dee estuary, in the north, to the Severn estuary in the south, separating England and Wales.
See Wales and England–Wales border
English football league system
The English football league system, also known as the football pyramid, is a series of interconnected leagues for men's association football clubs in England, with five teams from Wales, one from Guernsey, one from Jersey and one from the Isle of Man also competing.
See Wales and English football league system
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, whose speakers, called Anglophones, originated in early medieval England on the island of Great Britain.
See Wales and English language
English law
English law is the common law legal system of England and Wales, comprising mainly criminal law and civil law, each branch having its own courts and procedures.
EPCR Challenge Cup
The EPCR Challenge Cup is an annual rugby union competition organised by European Professional Club Rugby (EPCR).
See Wales and EPCR Challenge Cup
Ephemera
Ephemera are items which were not originally designed to be retained or preserved, but have been collected or retained.
Eric Gill
Arthur Eric Rowton Gill (22 February 1882 – 17 November 1940) was an English sculptor, letter cutter, typeface designer, and printmaker.
Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom
The United Kingdom is an ethnically diverse society.
See Wales and Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom
European Land Information Service
The European Land Information Service (EULIS) provides direct access to official land registers in Europe.
See Wales and European Land Information Service
European pine marten
The European pine marten (Martes martes), also known as the pine marten, is a mustelid native to and widespread in most of Europe, Asia Minor, the Caucasus and parts of Iran, Iraq and Syria.
See Wales and European pine marten
European polecat
The European polecat (Mustela putorius), also known as the common polecat, black polecat and forest polecat, is a mustelid species native to western Eurasia and North Africa.
See Wales and European polecat
European Rugby Champions Cup
The European Rugby Champions Cup (known as the Investec Champions Cup for sponsorship reasons) is an annual rugby union tournament organised by European Professional Club Rugby (EPCR).
See Wales and European Rugby Champions Cup
European shag
The European shag or common shag (Gulosus aristotelis) is a species of cormorant.
European Union
The European Union (EU) is a supranational political and economic union of member states that are located primarily in Europe.
Evan Roberts (minister)
Evan John Roberts (8 June 1878 – 29 January 1951) was a Welsh Prophet and leading figure of the 1904–1905 Welsh revival.
See Wales and Evan Roberts (minister)
Executive (government)
The executive, also referred to as the juditian or executive power, is that part of government which executes the law; in other words, directly makes decisions and holds power.
See Wales and Executive (government)
Fair trade certification
A fair trade certification is a product certification within the market-based movement of fair trade.
See Wales and Fair trade certification
Fascism
Fascism is a far-right, authoritarian, ultranationalist political ideology and movement, characterized by a dictatorial leader, centralized autocracy, militarism, forcible suppression of opposition, belief in a natural social hierarchy, subordination of individual interests for the perceived good of the nation or race, and strong regimentation of society and the economy.
Fealty
An oath of fealty, from the Latin fidelitas (faithfulness), is a pledge of allegiance of one person to another.
See Wales and Fealty
Feral goat
The feral goat is the domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) when it has become established in the wild.
Ferry
A ferry is a boat that transports passengers, and occasionally vehicles and cargo, across a body of water.
See Wales and Ferry
FIFA World Cup
The FIFA World Cup, often called the World Cup, is an international association football competition among the senior men's national teams of the members of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body.
Fifteen Tribes of Wales
"The five royal tribes of Wales" and "The fifteen tribes of Gwynedd" refer to a class of genealogical lists which were compiled by Welsh bards in the mid-15th century.
See Wales and Fifteen Tribes of Wales
Fish and chips
Fish and chips is a hot dish consisting of fried fish in batter, served with chips.
Fishguard
Fishguard (Abergwaun, meaning "Mouth of the River Gwaun") is a coastal town in Pembrokeshire, Wales, with a population of 3,400 (rounded to the nearest 100) as of the 2021 census.
Flag of Wales
The flag of Wales (Baner Cymru or Y Ddraig Goch, meaning 'the red dragon') consists of a red dragon passant on a green and white field.
Flintshire
Flintshire (Sir y Fflint) is a county in the north-east of Wales.
Folk music
Folk music is a music genre that includes traditional folk music and the contemporary genre that evolved from the former during the 20th-century folk revival.
Folklore
Folklore is the body of expressive culture shared by a particular group of people, culture or subculture.
Football in Wales
Association football (pêl-droed) is one of the most popular sports in Wales, along with rugby union.
See Wales and Football in Wales
Foreign direct investment
A foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to purchase of an asset in another country, such that it gives direct control to the purchaser over the asset (e.g. purchase of land and building).
See Wales and Foreign direct investment
Free Wales Army
The Free Wales Army (FWA; Byddin Rhyddid Cymru) was a Welsh nationalist paramilitary organisation formed in Lampeter in Ceredigion (formerly Cardiganshire) by Julian Cayo-Evans in 1963.
Gagea serotina
Gagea serotina, synonym Lloydia serotina, is an Arctic–alpine flowering plant of the lily family.
Gaul
Gaul (Gallia) was a region of Western Europe first clearly described by the Romans, encompassing present-day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and parts of Switzerland, the Netherlands, Germany, and Northern Italy.
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Gauls
The Gauls (Galli; Γαλάται, Galátai) were a group of Celtic peoples of mainland Europe in the Iron Age and the Roman period (roughly 5th century BC to 5th century AD).
See Wales and Gauls
Gŵyl Mabsant
A Gŵyl Mabsant (Welsh for "Feast of the Patron"), also known as the patronal festival or Wake of a parish,Baring-Gould, Sabine & al.
Geoffrey of Monmouth
Geoffrey of Monmouth (Galfridus Monemutensis, Galfridus Arturus; Gruffudd ap Arthur, Sieffre o Fynwy) was a Catholic cleric from Monmouth, Wales, and one of the major figures in the development of British historiography and the popularity of tales of King Arthur.
See Wales and Geoffrey of Monmouth
Geographic top-level domain
A geographic top-level domain (often shortened as geographic TLD or geoTLD) is any of an unofficial group of top-level domains in the Domain Name System of the Internet using the name of or invoking an association with a geographical, geopolitical, ethnic, linguistic or cultural community.
See Wales and Geographic top-level domain
Geology
Geology is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
Gerald of Wales
Gerald of Wales (Giraldus Cambrensis; Gerallt Cymro; Gerald de Barri) was a Cambro-Norman priest and historian.
German language
German (Standard High German: Deutsch) is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family, mainly spoken in Western and Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italian province of South Tyrol.
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages are a branch of the Indo-European language family spoken natively by a population of about 515 million people mainly in Europe, North America, Oceania and Southern Africa.
See Wales and Germanic languages
Germanic peoples
The Germanic peoples were tribal groups who once occupied Northwestern and Central Europe and Scandinavia during antiquity and into the early Middle Ages.
See Wales and Germanic peoples
Gildas
Gildas (English pronunciation:, Breton: Gweltaz) — also known as Gildas Badonicus, Gildas fab Caw (in Middle Welsh texts and antiquarian works) and Gildas Sapiens (Gildas the Wise) — was a 6th-century British monk best known for his scathing religious polemic, which recounts the history of the Britons before and during the coming of the Saxons.
See Wales and Gildas
Glacier
A glacier is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving downhill under its own weight.
Glamorgan
Until 1974, Glamorgan, or sometimes Glamorganshire (Morgannwg or Sir Forgannwg), was an administrative county in the south of Wales, and later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.
Glamorgan County Cricket Club
Glamorgan County Cricket Club (Criced Morgannwg) is one of eighteen first-class county clubs within the domestic cricket structure of England and Wales.
See Wales and Glamorgan County Cricket Club
Glyndŵr rebellion
The Glyndŵr rebellion was a Welsh rebellion led by Owain Glyndŵr against the Kingdom of England during the Late Middle Ages.
See Wales and Glyndŵr rebellion
Glywysing
Glywysing was, from the sub-Roman period to the Early Middle Ages, a petty kingdom in south-east Wales.
GO Wales
The GO Wales project (Graduate Opportunities Wales) was an employability and business support project in Wales.
Gobowen railway station
Gobowen railway station is a railway station on the Shrewsbury to Chester Line of the former Great Western Railway's London Paddington to Birkenhead Woodside via Birmingham Snow Hill line, serving the village of Gobowen in Shropshire, England.
See Wales and Gobowen railway station
Gold
Gold is a chemical element; it has symbol Au (from the Latin word aurum) and atomic number 79.
See Wales and Gold
Golwg
Golwg (Welsh for "View") is a Welsh-language magazine established in 1988.
See Wales and Golwg
Gomer Press
Gomer Press (Welsh: Gwasg Gomer) is a family printing (and formerly publishing) company based in Llandysul, west Wales.
Goscombe John
Sir William Goscombe John (21 February 1860 – 15 December 1952) was a prolific Welsh sculptor known for his many public memorials.
Gov.uk
gov.uk (styled on the site as GOV.UK) is a United Kingdom public sector information website, created by the Government Digital Service to provide a single point of access to HM Government services.
See Wales and Gov.uk
Government of the United Kingdom
The Government of the United Kingdom (formally His Majesty's Government, abbreviated to HM Government) is the central executive authority of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
See Wales and Government of the United Kingdom
Government of Wales Act 1998
The Government of Wales Act 1998 (c. 38) (Deddf Llywodraeth Cymru 1998) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
See Wales and Government of Wales Act 1998
Government of Wales Act 2006
The Government of Wales Act 2006 (c. 32) is an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reformed the then-National Assembly for Wales (now the Senedd) and allows further powers to be granted to it more easily.
See Wales and Government of Wales Act 2006
Gower Peninsula
Gower (Gŵyr) or the Gower Peninsula (Penrhyn Gŵyr) is in South West Wales and is the most westerly part of the historic county of Glamorgan, Wales.
Great Britain
Great Britain (commonly shortened to Britain) is an island in the North Atlantic Ocean off the north-west coast of continental Europe, consisting of the countries England, Scotland and Wales.
Great Britain at the Olympics
The United Kingdom has been represented at every modern Olympic Games, and as of the 2020 Summer Olympics is third in the all-time Summer Olympic medal table by both number of gold medals won and overall number of medals.
See Wales and Great Britain at the Olympics
Great Depression
The Great Depression (19291939) was a severe global economic downturn that affected many countries across the world.
See Wales and Great Depression
Great Western Main Line
The Great Western Main Line (GWML) is a main line railway in England that runs westwards from London Paddington to.
See Wales and Great Western Main Line
Great Western Main Line upgrade
In the 2010s Network Rail modernised the Great Western Main Line, the South Wales Main Line, and other associated lines.
See Wales and Great Western Main Line upgrade
Greatest Hits Radio South Wales
Greatest Hits Radio South Wales (formerly Swansea Sound) is an Independent Local Radio station owned and operated by Bauer Radio as part of the Greatest Hits Radio network.
See Wales and Greatest Hits Radio South Wales
Greenwood Publishing Group
Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. (GPG), also known as ABC-Clio/Greenwood (stylized ABC-CLIO/Greenwood), is an educational and academic publisher (middle school through university level) which is today part of ABC-Clio.
See Wales and Greenwood Publishing Group
Grey seal
The grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) is a large seal of the family Phocidae, which are commonly referred to as "true seals" or "earless seals".
Griffith Jones (priest)
Griffith Jones (early 1684 – 8 April 1761) was a Welsh minister of the Church of England and a promoter of Methodism.
See Wales and Griffith Jones (priest)
Gross domestic product
Gross domestic product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced and rendered in a specific time period by a country or countries.
See Wales and Gross domestic product
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (– 5 August 1063) was King of Gwynedd and Powys from 1039 and, after asserting his control over the entire country, claimed the title King of Wales from 1055 until his death in 1063.
See Wales and Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
Gruffydd ap Rhydderch
Gruffydd ap Rhydderch (d. AD 1055) was a king of Gwent and part of the kingdom of Morgannwg in south Wales and later king of Deheubarth.
See Wales and Gruffydd ap Rhydderch
Gwasg Carreg Gwalch
Gwasg Carreg Gwalch is a publishing company based in Llanrwst, Wales.
See Wales and Gwasg Carreg Gwalch
Gwen John
Gwendolen Mary John (22 June 1876 – 18 September 1939) was a Welsh artist who worked in France for most of her career.
Gwent Police
Gwent Police (Heddlu Gwent) is a territorial police force in Wales, responsible for policing the local authority areas of Blaenau Gwent, Caerphilly, Monmouthshire, Newport and Torfaen.
Gwyn Thomas (novelist)
Gwyn Thomas (6 July 1913 – 13 April 1981) was a Welsh writer, dramatist, Punch-columnist, radio broadcaster and raconteur, who has been called "the true voice of the English-speaking valleys".
See Wales and Gwyn Thomas (novelist)
Gwynedd
Gwynedd is a county in the north-west of Wales.
Gwynfor Evans
Gwynfor Richard Evans (1 September 1912 – 21 April 2005) was a Welsh politician, lawyer and author.
Gwyniad
The gwyniad (Coregonus pennantii) is a freshwater whitefish native to Bala Lake (Llyn Tegid) in northern Wales.
Hake
Hake is the common name for fish in the Merlucciidae family of the northern and southern oceans and the Phycidae family of the northern oceans.
See Wales and Hake
Halcrow Group
Halcrow Group Limited was a British engineering consultancy company.
Hallstatt culture
The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Western and Central European archaeological culture of the Late Bronze Age (Hallstatt A, Hallstatt B) from the 12th to 8th centuries BC and Early Iron Age Europe (Hallstatt C, Hallstatt D) from the 8th to 6th centuries BC, developing out of the Urnfield culture of the 12th century BC (Late Bronze Age) and followed in much of its area by the La Tène culture.
See Wales and Hallstatt culture
Harlech Castle
Harlech Castle (Castell Harlech) in Harlech, Gwynedd, Wales, is a Grade I listed medieval fortification built onto a rocky knoll close to the Irish Sea.
Hawarden
Hawarden (Penarlâg) is a village and community in Flintshire, Wales.
Hazel dormouse
The hazel dormouse or common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius) is a small dormouse species native to Europe and the only living species in the genus Muscardinus.
Heart of Wales line
The Heart of Wales line (Llinell Calon Cymru) is a railway line running from Craven Arms in Shropshire to Llanelli in southwest Wales.
See Wales and Heart of Wales line
Heavy industry
Heavy industry is an industry that involves one or more characteristics such as large and heavy products; large and heavy equipment and facilities (such as heavy equipment, large machine tools, huge buildings and large-scale infrastructure); or complex or numerous processes.
Hen harrier
The hen harrier (Circus cyaneus) is a bird of prey.
Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
"Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau" is the unofficial national anthem of Wales.
See Wales and Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau
Henry III of England
Henry III (1 October 1207 – 16 November 1272), also known as Henry of Winchester, was King of England, Lord of Ireland, and Duke of Aquitaine from 1216 until his death in 1272.
See Wales and Henry III of England
Henry IV of England
Henry IV (– 20 March 1413), also known as Henry Bolingbroke, was King of England from 1399 to 1413.
See Wales and Henry IV of England
Henry VII of England
Henry VII (28 January 1457 – 21 April 1509) was King of England and Lord of Ireland from his seizure of the crown on 22 August 1485 until his death in 1509.
See Wales and Henry VII of England
Henry VIII
Henry VIII (28 June 149128 January 1547) was King of England from 22 April 1509 until his death in 1547.
Hereford
Hereford is a cathedral city, civil parish and the county town of Herefordshire, England.
Hereford Gospels
The Hereford Gospels (Hereford, Hereford Cathedral Library, MS P. I. 2) is an 8th-century illuminated manuscript gospel book in insular script (minuscule), with large illuminated initials in the Insular style.
See Wales and Hereford Gospels
Herring
Herring are forage fish, mostly belonging to the family of Clupeidae.
High Court of Justice
The High Court of Justice in London, known properly as His Majesty's High Court of Justice in England, together with the Court of Appeal and the Crown Court, are the Senior Courts of England and Wales.
See Wales and High Court of Justice
High Speed 2
High Speed 2 (HS2) is a high-speed railway which is under construction in England.
Hinduism in the United Kingdom
Hinduism is the third-largest religious group in the United Kingdom, after Christianity and Islam; the religion is followed by over one million people representing around 1.6% of the total population.
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Hinduism in Wales
Hinduism is a minority religion in Wales constituting 0.4% of its population.
See Wales and Hinduism in Wales
Historia Brittonum
The History of the Britons (Historia Brittonum) is a purported history of early Britain written around 828 that survives in numerous recensions from after the 11th century.
See Wales and Historia Brittonum
Historia Regum Britanniae
(The History of the Kings of Britain), originally called (On the Deeds of the Britons), is a pseudohistorical account of British history, written around 1136 by Geoffrey of Monmouth.
See Wales and Historia Regum Britanniae
History of the Jews in Wales
The history of the Jews in Wales begins in the 13th century.
See Wales and History of the Jews in Wales
HM Courts Service
Her Majesty's Courts Service (HMCS) was an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) and was responsible for the administration of the civil, family and criminal courts in England and Wales.
See Wales and HM Courts Service
HM Prison Berwyn
HM Prison Berwyn (Carchar Berwyn EF) is a £250 million Category C adult male prison in Wrexham County Borough, Wales.
See Wales and HM Prison Berwyn
Holyhead
Holyhead (Caergybi, "Cybi's fort") is the largest town and a community in the county of Isle of Anglesey, Wales, with a population of 13,659 at the 2011 census.
Homage (feudal)
Homage (from Medieval Latin hominaticum, lit. "pertaining to a man") in the Middle Ages was the ceremony in which a feudal tenant or vassal pledged reverence and submission to his feudal lord, receiving in exchange the symbolic title to his new position (investiture).
Honno (publisher)
Honno is a Welsh women's press, based in Aberystwyth, which is run as an independent co-operative.
See Wales and Honno (publisher)
Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion
The Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion (Anrhydeddus Gymdeithas y Cymmrodorion), often called simply the Cymmrodorion, is a London-based Welsh learned society, with membership open to all.
See Wales and Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion
House of Commons of the United Kingdom
The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
See Wales and House of Commons of the United Kingdom
House of Dinefwr
The Royal House of Dinefwr was a cadet branch of the Royal House of Gwynedd, founded by King Cadell ap Rhodri (reign 872–909), son of Rhodri the Great.
See Wales and House of Dinefwr
Human migration
Human migration is the movement of people from one place to another, with intentions of settling, permanently or temporarily, at a new location (geographic region).
Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity, or hydroelectric power, is electricity generated from hydropower (water power).
See Wales and Hydroelectricity
Hywel Dda
Hywel ap Cadell, commonly known as Hywel Dda, which translates to Howel the Good in English, was a Welsh king who ruled the southern Welsh kingdom of Deheubarth and eventually came to rule most of Wales.
Illuminated manuscript
An illuminated manuscript is a formally prepared document where the text is decorated with flourishes such as borders and miniature illustrations.
See Wales and Illuminated manuscript
Indian cuisine
Indian cuisine consists of a variety of regional and traditional cuisines native to the Indian subcontinent.
Indo-European languages
The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent.
See Wales and Indo-European languages
Industrial park
An industrial park, also known as industrial estate or trading estate, is an area zoned and planned for the purpose of industrial development.
Insular art
Insular art, also known as Hiberno-Saxon art, was produced in the post-Roman era of Great Britain and Ireland.
International Hydrographic Organization
The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) (French: Organisation hydrographique internationale) is an intergovernmental organisation representing hydrography.
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International Organization for Standardization
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an independent, non-governmental, international standard development organization composed of representatives from the national standards organizations of member countries.
See Wales and International Organization for Standardization
Investiture of the prince of Wales
The Prince of Wales is sometimes presented and invested with the insignia of his rank and dignity in the manner of a coronation.
See Wales and Investiture of the prince of Wales
Irish Sea
The Irish Sea is a body of water that separates the islands of Ireland and Great Britain.
Iron Age
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three historical Metal Ages, after the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age.
Islam in the United Kingdom
Islam is the second-largest religion in the United Kingdom, with results from the 2021 Census recording just under four million Muslims, or 6.5% of the total population in the United Kingdom.
See Wales and Islam in the United Kingdom
Islam in Wales
Islam is a minority faith in Wales followed by 2.2 % of its population with about 64,000 adherents recorded as per 2021 Census up from about 46,000 adherents in the 2011 Census.
ISO 3166-1
ISO 3166-1 (Codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions – Part 1: Country codes) is a standard defining codes for the names of countries, dependent territories, and special areas of geographical interest.
ISO 3166-2:GB
ISO 3166-2:GB is the entry for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions (e.g., provinces or states) of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.
ITV (TV network)
ITV, legally known as Channel 3, is a British free-to-air public broadcast television network.
See Wales and ITV (TV network)
ITV Cymru Wales
ITV Cymru Wales is the ITV franchise for Wales.
ITV News
ITV News is the branding of news programmes on the British news television channel of ITV.
Jo Stevens
Joanna Meriel Stevens (born 6 September 1966) is a Welsh politician serving as Secretary of State for Wales since 2024.
John Davies (historian)
John Davies, FLSW (25 April 1938 – 16 February 2015) was a Welsh historian, and a television and radio broadcaster.
See Wales and John Davies (historian)
John Davies (Mallwyd)
John Davies (– 1644) was one of the leading scholars of the late Renaissance in Wales.
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John Griffiths (Welsh politician)
John Griffiths (born 19 December 1956) is a Welsh Labour and Co-operative politician who previously served as Minister for Environment and Sustainable Development from 2011 to 2013.
See Wales and John Griffiths (Welsh politician)
John T. Koch
John Thomas Koch is an American academic, historian, and linguist who specializes in Celtic studies, especially prehistory, and the early Middle Ages.
John Wilkinson (industrialist)
John "Iron-Mad" Wilkinson (1728 – 14 July 1808) was an English industrialist who pioneered the manufacture of cast iron and the use of cast-iron goods during the Industrial Revolution.
See Wales and John Wilkinson (industrialist)
Jonah Jones (sculptor)
Leonard Jones (17 February 1919 – 29 November 2004), generally known as Jonah Jones, was born in County Durham, north east England, but known as a Welsh sculptor, writer and artist-craftsman.
See Wales and Jonah Jones (sculptor)
Julian Hodge
Sir Julian Stephen Alfred Hodge (15 October 1904 – 17 July 2004) was a London-born entrepreneur and banker who lived in Wales for most of his life, from the age of five.
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction (from Latin juris 'law' + dictio 'speech' or 'declaration') is the legal term for the legal authority granted to a legal entity to enact justice.
Justice of Chester
The Justice of Chester was the chief judicial authority for the county palatine of Chester, from the establishment of the county until the abolition of the Great Sessions in Wales and the palatine judicature in 1830.
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Justiciar of North Wales
The Justiciar of North Wales was a legal office concerned with the government of the three counties in north-west Wales during the medieval period.
See Wales and Justiciar of North Wales
Justiciar of South Wales
The Justiciar of South Wales, sometimes referred to as the Justiciar of West Wales was a royal official of the Principality of Wales during the medieval period.
See Wales and Justiciar of South Wales
Keir Hardie
James Keir Hardie (15 August 185626 September 1915) was a Scottish trade unionist and politician.
Kenneth O. Morgan
Kenneth Owen Morgan, Baron Morgan, (born 16 May 1934) is a Welsh historian and author, known especially for his writings on modern British history and politics and on Welsh history.
See Wales and Kenneth O. Morgan
King Arthur
King Arthur (Brenin Arthur, Arthur Gernow, Roue Arzhur, Roi Arthur), according to legends, was a king of Britain.
King of the Britons
The title King of the Britons (Brenin y Brythoniaid, Rex Britannorum) was used (often retrospectively) to refer to a ruler, especially one who might be regarded as the most powerful, among the Celtic Britons, both before and after the period of Roman Britain up until the Norman invasion of Wales and the Norman conquest of England.
See Wales and King of the Britons
King of Wales
Welsh medieval rulers used a variety of titles including Tywysog, Rhi, Brenin, and the Latin Rex and Princeps to express varying degrees of sovereignty and dependence.
Kingdom of Ceredigion
The Kingdom of Ceredigion was one of several Welsh kingdoms that emerged in post-Roman Britain in the mid-5th century.
See Wales and Kingdom of Ceredigion
Kingdom of Dyfed
The Kingdom of Dyfed, one of several Welsh petty kingdoms that emerged in 5th-century sub-Roman Britain in southwest Wales, was based on the former territory of the Demetae (modern Welsh Dyfed).
See Wales and Kingdom of Dyfed
Kingdom of Gwent
Gwent (Guent) was a medieval Welsh kingdom, lying between the Rivers Wye and Usk.
See Wales and Kingdom of Gwent
Kingdom of Gwynedd
The Kingdom of Gwynedd (Medieval Latin:; Middle Welsh: Guynet) was a Welsh kingdom and a Roman Empire successor state that emerged in sub-Roman Britain in the 5th century during the Anglo-Saxon settlement of Britain.
See Wales and Kingdom of Gwynedd
Kingdom of Powys
The Kingdom of Powys (Regnum Poysiae) was a Welsh successor state, petty kingdom and principality that emerged during the Middle Ages following the end of Roman rule in Britain.
See Wales and Kingdom of Powys
Knighton railway station
Knighton railway station serves the border market town of Knighton in Powys, Wales, although the station itself is located in Shropshire, England (the border is immediately adjacent to the south side of the station and runs through the car park).
See Wales and Knighton railway station
Kyffin Williams
Sir John Kyffin Williams, (9 May 1918 – 1 September 2006) was a Welsh landscape painter who lived at Pwllfanogl, Llanfairpwll, on the Island of Anglesey.
Labour and Co-operative Party
Labour and Co-operative Party (often abbreviated to Labour Co-op; Llafur a'r Blaid Gydweithredol) is a description used by candidates in United Kingdom elections who stand on behalf of both the Labour Party and the Co-operative Party.
See Wales and Labour and Co-operative Party
Labour Party (UK)
The Labour Party is a social democratic political party in the United Kingdom that sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum.
See Wales and Labour Party (UK)
Lady Charlotte Guest
Lady Charlotte Elizabeth Guest (née Bertie; 19 May 1812 – 15 January 1895), later Lady Charlotte Schreiber, was an English aristocrat who is best known as the first publisher in modern print format of the Mabinogion, the earliest prose literature of Britain.
See Wales and Lady Charlotte Guest
Landscape painting
Landscape painting, also known as landscape art, is the depiction in painting of natural scenery such as mountains, valleys, rivers, trees, and forests, especially where the main subject is a wide view—with its elements arranged into a coherent composition.
See Wales and Landscape painting
Last Glacial Period
The Last Glacial Period (LGP), also known as the Last glacial cycle, occurred from the end of the Last Interglacial to the beginning of the Holocene, years ago, and thus corresponds to most of the timespan of the Late Pleistocene.
See Wales and Last Glacial Period
Laverbread
Laverbread (bara lafwr or bara lawr; sleabhac) is a food product made from laver, an edible seaweed (littoral alga) consumed mainly in Wales as part of local traditional cuisine.
Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542
The Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542 (Y Deddfau Cyfreithiau yng Nghymru 1535 a 1542) or the Acts of Union (Y Deddfau Uno), were Acts of the Parliament of England under King Henry VIII of England, causing Wales to be incorporated into the realm of the Kingdom of England.
See Wales and Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542
Lead
Lead is a chemical element; it has symbol Pb (from Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82.
See Wales and Lead
Leek
A leek is a vegetable, a cultivar of Allium ampeloprasum, the broadleaf wild leek (syn. Allium porrum).
See Wales and Leek
Leek soup
Leek soup, or Leek and Potato soup, (cawl cennin) is a soup based on potatoes, leeks, broth (usually chicken), and heavy cream.
Legislation.gov.uk
legislation.gov.uk, formerly known as the UK Statute Law Database, is the official Web-accessible database of the statute law of the United Kingdom, hosted by The National Archives.
See Wales and Legislation.gov.uk
Legislature
A legislature is a deliberative assembly with the legal authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country, nation or city.
Liberal Party (UK)
The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties in the United Kingdom, along with the Conservative Party, in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
See Wales and Liberal Party (UK)
Lichfield Gospels
The Lichfield Gospels (also known as the St Chad Gospels, the Book of Chad, the Llandeilo Gospels, the St Teilo Gospels and variations of these) is an 8th-century Insular Gospel Book housed in Lichfield Cathedral.
See Wales and Lichfield Gospels
Life on Mars (British TV series)
Life on Mars is a British television series broadcast on BBC One between 9 January 2006 and 10 April 2007.
See Wales and Life on Mars (British TV series)
Light industry
Light industry are industries that usually are less capital-intensive than heavy industries and are more consumer-oriented than business-oriented, as they typically produce smaller consumer goods.
Limpet
Limpets are a group of aquatic snails with a conical shell shape (patelliform) and a strong, muscular foot.
See Wales and Limpet
List of Celtic festivals
Celtic festivals celebrate Celtic culture, which in modern times may be via dance, Celtic music, food, Celtic art, or other mediums.
See Wales and List of Celtic festivals
List of islands of Wales
This is a list of islands of Wales, the mainland of which is part of Great Britain, as well as a table of the largest Welsh islands by area.
See Wales and List of islands of Wales
List of motorway service areas in the United Kingdom
Motorway service areas, also known as service stations, are places where drivers can leave a motorway to refuel, rest, or take refreshments.
See Wales and List of motorway service areas in the United Kingdom
List of rulers in Wales
This is a list of rulers in Wales (Cymru; and neighbouring regions) during the Middle Ages, between.
See Wales and List of rulers in Wales
List of sports governing bodies in Wales
The governing bodies of sports in Wales perform an organisational, regulatory or sanctioning function at a national level in Wales, some tracing their history to the 19th Century.
See Wales and List of sports governing bodies in Wales
List of unusual units of measurement
An unusual unit of measurement is a unit of measurement that does not form part of a coherent system of measurement, especially because its exact quantity may not be well known or because it may be an inconvenient multiple or fraction of a base unit.
See Wales and List of unusual units of measurement
List of Wales international footballers
The Wales national football team has represented Wales in international association football since 1876, making it the third oldest international football team.
See Wales and List of Wales international footballers
List of Welsh boxing champions
This list includes all boxers from Wales who have won a recognised British, Commonwealth, European or World title; or a boxer who has won one of the Welsh Area boxing titles.
See Wales and List of Welsh boxing champions
List of World Heritage Sites in Wales
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites are places of importance to cultural or natural heritage as described in the UNESCO World Heritage Convention, established in 1972.
See Wales and List of World Heritage Sites in Wales
Liverpool
Liverpool is a cathedral, port city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England.
Livestock
Livestock are the domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting in order to provide labour and produce diversified products for consumption such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.
Llandovery railway station
Llandovery railway station serves the market town of Llandovery, Carmarthenshire, Wales.
See Wales and Llandovery railway station
Llandrindod railway station
Llandrindod railway station, south-west of, serves the town of Llandrindod Wells in Mid Wales.
See Wales and Llandrindod railway station
Llandudno
Llandudno is a seaside resort, town and community in Conwy County Borough, Wales, located on the Creuddyn peninsula, which protrudes into the Irish Sea.
Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod
The Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod is a music festival which takes place every year during the second week of July in Llangollen, North Wales.
See Wales and Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod
Llantrisant
Llantrisant ("Parish of the Three Saints") is a town in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, within the historic county boundaries of Glamorgan, Wales, lying on the River Ely and the Afon Clun.
Llanvaches
Llanvaches or Llanfaches is a village and community parish within the boundaries of the city of Newport, Wales.
Llŷn Peninsula
The Llŷn Peninsula (Penrhyn Llŷn or italic) extends into the Irish Sea from North West Wales, south west of the Isle of Anglesey.
Lloegyr
Lloegyr is the medieval Welsh name for a region of Britain (Prydain).
Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
Llywelyn ab Iorwerth (– 11 April 1240), also known as Llywelyn the Great (Llywelyn Fawr), was a medieval Welsh ruler.
See Wales and Llywelyn ab Iorwerth
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd (c. 1223 – 11 December 1282), Llywelyn II, also known as Llywelyn the Last (lit), was King of Gwynedd, and later was recognised as the prince of Wales (Princeps Walliae; Tywysog Cymru) from 1258 until his death at Cilmeri in 1282.
See Wales and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd
Llywelyn Bren
Llywelyn Bren, or Llywelyn ap Gruffudd ap Rhys / Llywelyn ap Rhys (also Llewelyn) or in Llywelyn of the Woods.
Local government in Wales
Local government in Wales is primarily undertaken by the twenty-two principal councils.
See Wales and Local government in Wales
London Paddington station
Paddington, also known as London Paddington, is a London railway station and London Underground station complex, located on Praed Street in the Paddington area.
See Wales and London Paddington station
Lower house
A lower house is the lower chamber of a bicameral legislature, where second chamber is the upper house.
Luftwaffe
The Luftwaffe was the aerial-warfare branch of the Wehrmacht before and during World War II.
M4 motorway
The M4, originally the London-South Wales Motorway, is a motorway in the United Kingdom running from west London to southwest Wales.
Mabinogion
The Mabinogion are the earliest Welsh prose stories, and belong to the Matter of Britain.
Machynlleth
Machynlleth is a market town, community and electoral ward in Powys, Wales and within the historic boundaries of Montgomeryshire.
Mackerel
Mackerel is a common name applied to a number of different species of pelagic fish, mostly from the family Scombridae.
Madog ap Llywelyn
Madog ap Llywelyn (died after 1312) was the leader of the Welsh revolt of 1294–95 against English rule in Wales.
See Wales and Madog ap Llywelyn
Magistrates' court (England and Wales)
In England and Wales, a magistrates' court is a lower court which hears matters relating to summary offences and some triable either-way matters.
See Wales and Magistrates' court (England and Wales)
Magnus Maximus
Magnus Maximus (Macsen Wledig; died 28 August 388) was Roman emperor in the West from 383 to 388.
Mametz Wood Memorial
The Mametz Wood Memorial commemorates an engagement of the 38th (Welsh) Division of the British Army during the First Battle of the Somme in France in 1916.
See Wales and Mametz Wood Memorial
Manx shearwater
The Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) is a medium-sized shearwater in the seabird family Procellariidae.
March law
March law or marcher law is a system of legal compromises formerly in use in the border regions of England.
Marcher lord
A marcher lord was a noble appointed by the king of England to guard the border (known as the Welsh Marches) between England and Wales.
Mathrafal
Mathrafal near Welshpool, in Powys, Mid Wales, was the seat of the Kings and Princes of Powys probably from the 9th century until its destruction in 1213 by Prince Llywelyn the Great.
Matter of Britain
The Matter of Britain (matière de Bretagne) is the body of medieval literature and legendary material associated with Great Britain and Brittany and the legendary kings and heroes associated with it, particularly King Arthur.
See Wales and Matter of Britain
Media Wales
Media Wales Ltd. is a publishing company based in Cardiff, Wales.
Medieval Welsh literature
Medieval Welsh literature is the literature written in the Welsh language during the Middle Ages.
See Wales and Medieval Welsh literature
Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)
In the United Kingdom, a member of Parliament (MP) is an individual elected to serve in the House of Commons, the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
See Wales and Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)
Men's chorus
A men's chorus or male voice choir (MVC) (German: Männerchor), is a choir consisting of men who sing with either a tenor or bass voice, and whose music is typically arranged into high and low tenors (1st and 2nd tenor), and high and low basses (1st and 2nd bass; or baritone and bass)—and shortened to the letters TTBB.
Merched y Wawr
is a voluntary, non-political, organisation for women in Wales.
Mercia
Mercia (Miercna rīċe, "kingdom of the border people"; Merciorum regnum) was one of the three main Anglic kingdoms founded after Sub-Roman Britain was settled by Anglo-Saxons in an era called the Heptarchy.
See Wales and Mercia
Merlin (bird)
The merlin (Falco columbarius) is a small species of falcon from the Northern Hemisphere, with numerous subspecies throughout North America and Eurasia.
Merthyr Town F.C.
Merthyr Town Football Club (Clwb Pêl-droed Tref Merthyr) is a Welsh semi-professional football club based in Merthyr Tydfil, currently playing in the, in the seventh tier of the English football league system.
See Wales and Merthyr Town F.C.
Merthyr Tydfil
Merthyr Tydfil (Merthyr Tudful) is the main town in Merthyr Tydfil County Borough, Wales, administered by Merthyr Tydfil County Borough Council.
Merthyr Tydfil (UK Parliament constituency)
Merthyr Tydfil was a parliamentary constituency centred on the town of Merthyr Tydfil in Glamorgan.
See Wales and Merthyr Tydfil (UK Parliament constituency)
Mesolithic
The Mesolithic (Greek: μέσος, mesos 'middle' + λίθος, lithos 'stone') or Middle Stone Age is the Old World archaeological period between the Upper Paleolithic and the Neolithic.
Met Office
The Meteorological Office, abbreviated as the Met Office, is the United Kingdom's national weather and climate service.
Metallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science and engineering that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their inter-metallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are known as alloys.
Methuen Publishing
Methuen Publishing Ltd (also known as Methuen Books) is an English publishing house.
See Wales and Methuen Publishing
Mid Wales
Mid Wales (Canolbarth Cymru or simply Y Canolbarth, meaning "the midlands"), or Central Wales, is a region of Wales, encompassing its midlands, in-between North Wales and South Wales.
Middle Ages
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period (also spelt mediaeval or mediæval) lasted from approximately 500 to 1500 AD.
Milford Haven
Milford Haven (Rivers Cleddau) is both a town and a community in Pembrokeshire, Wales.
Mining in Wales
Mining in Wales provided a significant source of income to the economy of Wales throughout the nineteenth century and early to mid twentieth century.
Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)
Mixed is an ethnic group category that was first introduced by the United Kingdom's Office for National Statistics for the 2001 Census.
See Wales and Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)
Monolingualism
Monoglottism (Greek μόνος monos, "alone, solitary", + γλῶττα, "tongue, language") or, more commonly, monolingualism or unilingualism, is the condition of being able to speak only a single language, as opposed to multilingualism.
Montgomery, Powys
Montgomery (Trefaldwyn; translates as the town of Baldwin) is a town and community in Powys, Wales.
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Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru
paren), abbreviated as MAC, was a paramilitary Welsh nationalist organisation, which was responsible for a number of bombing incidents between 1963 and 1969. The group's activities primarily targeted infrastructure carrying water to the English city of Liverpool. MAC was initially set up in response to the flooding of the Afon Tryweryn valley and the village of Capel Celyn to provide water for Liverpool.
See Wales and Mudiad Amddiffyn Cymru
Mussel
Mussel is the common name used for members of several families of bivalve molluscs, from saltwater and freshwater habitats.
See Wales and Mussel
Mystery play
Mystery plays and miracle plays (they are distinguished as two different forms although the terms are often used interchangeably) are among the earliest formally developed plays in medieval Europe.
Myth
Myth is a genre of folklore consisting primarily of narratives that play a fundamental role in a society.
See Wales and Myth
Nantgarw China Works
The Nantgarw China Works was a porcelain factory, later making other types of pottery, located in Nantgarw on the eastern bank of the Glamorganshire Canal, north of Cardiff in the River Taff valley, Glamorganshire, Wales.
See Wales and Nantgarw China Works
Narcissus (plant)
Narcissus is a genus of predominantly spring flowering perennial plants of the amaryllis family, Amaryllidaceae.
See Wales and Narcissus (plant)
National Dance Company Wales
National Dance Company Wales (NDCWales), originally Diversions, The Dance Company of Wales, is the national dance company of Wales.
See Wales and National Dance Company Wales
National Eisteddfod of Wales
The National Eisteddfod of Wales (Welsh: Eisteddfod Genedlaethol Cymru) is the largest of several eisteddfodau that are held annually, mostly in Wales.
See Wales and National Eisteddfod of Wales
National Health Service Act 1946
The National Health Service Act 1946 (9 & 10 Geo. 6. c. 81) came into effect on 5 July 1948 and created the National Health Service in England and Wales thus being the first implementation of the Beveridge model.
See Wales and National Health Service Act 1946
National Library of Wales
The National Library of Wales (Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru), in Aberystwyth, is the national legal deposit library of Wales and is one of the Welsh Government sponsored bodies.
See Wales and National Library of Wales
National Museum Cardiff
National Museum Cardiff (Amgueddfa Genedlaethol Caerdydd) is a museum and art gallery in Cardiff, Wales.
See Wales and National Museum Cardiff
National parks of Wales
The national parks of Wales (parciau cenedlaethol Cymru) are managed areas of outstanding landscape in Wales, United Kingdom where some forms of development are restricted to preserve the landscape and natural environment.
See Wales and National parks of Wales
National Roman Legion Museum
The National Roman Legion Museum (Wales) (Amgueddfa Lleng Rufeinig Cymru) is a museum in Caerleon, near Newport, south-east Wales.
See Wales and National Roman Legion Museum
National Slate Museum
The National Slate Museum (previously known as the Welsh Slate Museum and the North Wales Quarrying Museum) is located at Gilfach Ddu, the 19th-century workshops of the now disused Dinorwic quarry, within the Padarn Country Park, Llanberis, Gwynedd.
See Wales and National Slate Museum
National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)
The National Union of Mineworkers (NUM) is a trade union for coal miners in Great Britain, formed in 1945 from the Miners' Federation of Great Britain (MFGB).
See Wales and National Union of Mineworkers (Great Britain)
National Waterfront Museum
The National Waterfront Museum, Swansea or NWMS (Amgueddfa Genedlaethol y Glannau) is a museum in Swansea, Wales, forming part of Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales.
See Wales and National Waterfront Museum
National Wool Museum
The National Wool Museum, located in Drefach Felindre, Llandysul, Carmarthenshire, is part of Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales.
See Wales and National Wool Museum
National Youth Orchestra of Wales
The National Youth Orchestra of Wales (NYOW, Cerddorfa Genedlaethol Ieuenctid Cymru) is the national youth orchestra of Wales, based in Cardiff.
See Wales and National Youth Orchestra of Wales
Natural Resources Wales
Natural Resources Wales (Cyfoeth Naturiol Cymru) is a Welsh Government sponsored body, which became operational from 1 April 2013, when it took over the management of the natural resources of Wales.
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Nennius
Nennius – or Nemnius or Nemnivus – was a Welsh monk of the 9th century.
Neolithic
The Neolithic or New Stone Age (from Greek νέος 'new' and λίθος 'stone') is an archaeological period, the final division of the Stone Age in Europe, Asia and Africa.
Neolithic Revolution
The Neolithic Revolution, also known as the First Agricultural Revolution, was the wide-scale transition of many human cultures during the Neolithic period in Afro-Eurasia from a lifestyle of hunting and gathering to one of agriculture and settlement, making an increasingly large population possible.
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New Quay
New Quay (Cei Newydd) is a seaside town and electoral ward in Ceredigion, Wales; it had a resident population of 1,045 at the 2021 census.
Newport County A.F.C.
Newport County Association Football Club (Clwb Pêl-droed Cymdeithas Sir Casnewydd) is a professional association football club in the city of Newport, South Wales.
See Wales and Newport County A.F.C.
Newport, Wales
Newport (Casnewydd) is a city and county borough in Wales, situated on the River Usk close to its confluence with the Severn Estuary, northeast of Cardiff.
NHS Wales
NHS Wales (GIG Cymru) is the publicly-funded healthcare system in Wales, and one of the four systems which make up the National Health Service (Gwasanaeth Iechyd Gwladol) in the United Kingdom.
Nonconformist (Protestantism)
Nonconformists were Protestant Christians who did not "conform" to the governance and usages of the state church in England, and in Wales until 1914, the Church of England.
See Wales and Nonconformist (Protestantism)
Nonconformity in Wales
Nonconformity was a major religious movement in Wales from the 18th to the 20th centuries.
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Norman Conquest
The Norman Conquest (or the Conquest) was the 11th-century invasion and occupation of England by an army made up of thousands of Norman, French, Flemish, and Breton troops, all led by the Duke of Normandy, later styled William the Conqueror.
Normans
The Normans (Norman: Normaunds; Normands; Nortmanni/Normanni) were a population arising in the medieval Duchy of Normandy from the intermingling between Norse Viking settlers and locals of West Francia.
North East Wales
North East Wales (Gogledd-Ddwyrain Cymru) is an area or region of Wales, commonly defined as a grouping of the principal areas of Denbighshire, Flintshire, and Wrexham County Borough in the north-east of the country.
See Wales and North East Wales
North Wales
North Wales (Gogledd Cymru) is a region of Wales, encompassing its northernmost areas.
North Wales Police
North Wales Police (Heddlu Gogledd Cymru) is the territorial police force responsible for policing North Wales.
See Wales and North Wales Police
Northern gannet
The northern gannet (Morus bassanus) is a seabird, the largest species of the gannet family, Sulidae.
Northumbria
Northumbria (Norþanhymbra rīċe; Regnum Northanhymbrorum) was an early medieval Anglo-Saxon kingdom in what is now Northern England and south-east Scotland.
Oceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also known as a marine climate or maritime climate, is the temperate climate sub-type in Köppen classification represented as Cfb, typical of west coasts in higher middle latitudes of continents, generally featuring cool to warm summers and cool to mild winters (for their latitude), with a relatively narrow annual temperature range and few extremes of temperature.
Offa of Mercia
Offa (died 29 July 796 AD) was King of Mercia, a kingdom of Anglo-Saxon England, from 757 until his death in 796.
Offa's Dyke
Offa's Dyke (Clawdd Offa) is a large linear earthwork that roughly follows the border between England and Wales.
Office for National Statistics
The Office for National Statistics (ONS; Swyddfa Ystadegau Gwladol) is the executive office of the UK Statistics Authority, a non-ministerial department which reports directly to the UK Parliament.
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Office of the Secretary of State for Wales
The Office of the Secretary of State for Wales (Swyddfa Ysgrifennydd Gwladol Cymru), often referred to as the Wales Office (Swyddfa Cymru), is a department of His Majesty's Government.
See Wales and Office of the Secretary of State for Wales
Old English
Old English (Englisċ or Ænglisc), or Anglo-Saxon, was the earliest recorded form of the English language, spoken in England and southern and eastern Scotland in the early Middle Ages.
Olympic Games
The modern Olympic Games or Olympics (Jeux olympiques) are the leading international sporting events featuring summer and winter sports competitions in which thousands of athletes from around the world participate in a variety of competitions.
Ordnance Survey
The Ordnance Survey (OS) is the national mapping agency for Great Britain.
Ordovices
The Ordovīcēs (Common Brittonic: *Ordowīces) were one of the Celtic tribes living in Great Britain before the Roman invasion.
Ordovician
The Ordovician is a geologic period and system, the second of six periods of the Paleozoic Era.
Ospreys (rugby union)
The Ospreys (Y Gweilch), formerly the Neath–Swansea Ospreys www.walesonline.co.uk, accessed 22 October 2020 is one of the four professional rugby union teams from Wales.
See Wales and Ospreys (rugby union)
Oswestry
Oswestry is a market town, civil parish and historic railway town in Shropshire, England, close to the Welsh border.
Outline of Wales
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Wales: Wales – a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west.
See Wales and Outline of Wales
Owain Glyndŵr
Owain ap Gruffydd (–), commonly known as Owain Glyndŵr or Glyn Dŵr (anglicised as Owen Glendower), was a Welsh leader, soldier and military commander in the late Middle Ages, who led a 15-year-long revolt with the aim of ending English rule in Wales.
Owain Glyndŵr Day
Owain Glyndŵr Day is held annually on 16 September in Wales, as a celebration of Owain Glyndŵr, the last native Prince of Wales and founder of the first Welsh parliament.
See Wales and Owain Glyndŵr Day
Owain Gwynedd
Owain ap Gruffudd (– 23 or 28 November 1170) was King of Gwynedd, North Wales, from 1137 until his death in 1170, succeeding his father Gruffudd ap Cynan.
Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the publishing house of the University of Oxford.
See Wales and Oxford University Press
Pacifism
Pacifism is the opposition or resistance to war, militarism (including conscription and mandatory military service) or violence.
Palaeos
Palaeos.com is a web site on biology, paleontology, phylogeny and geology and which covers the history of Earth.
Paleontology
Paleontology, also spelled palaeontology or palæontology, is the scientific study of life that existed prior to the start of the Holocene epoch (roughly 11,700 years before present).
Paleozoic
The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the first of three geological eras of the Phanerozoic Eon.
Parc Cwm long cairn
Parc Cwm long cairn (carn hir Parc Cwm), also known as Parc le Breos burial chamber (siambr gladdu Parc le Breos), is a partly restored Neolithic chambered tomb, identified in 1937 as a Severn-Cotswold type of chambered long barrow.
See Wales and Parc Cwm long cairn
Parliament of England
The Parliament of England was the legislature of the Kingdom of England from the 13th century until 1707 when it was replaced by the Parliament of Great Britain.
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Parliament of the United Kingdom
The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body of the United Kingdom, and may also legislate for the Crown Dependencies and the British Overseas Territories.
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Parys Mountain
Parys Mountain (Mynydd Parys) is located south of the town of Amlwch in north east Anglesey, Wales.
Patron saint
A patron saint, patroness saint, patron hallow or heavenly protector is a saint who in Catholicism, Lutheranism, Anglicanism, Eastern Orthodoxy and Oriental Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or person.
Pembroke Dock
Pembroke Dock (Doc Penfro) is a town and a community in Pembrokeshire, South West Wales, northwest of Pembroke on the banks of the River Cleddau.
Pembrokeshire Coast National Park
Pembrokeshire Coast National Park (Parc Cenedlaethol Arfordir Penfro) is a national park along the Pembrokeshire coast in west Wales.
See Wales and Pembrokeshire Coast National Park
Pen y Fan
Pen y Fan is the highest peak in South Wales, situated in Brecon Beacons National Park (Bannau Brycheiniog).
Penal laws against the Welsh
The penal laws against the Welsh (Deddfau Penyd) were a set of laws, passed by the Parliament of England in 1401 and 1402 that discriminated against the Welsh people as a response to the Welsh Revolt of Owain Glyndŵr, which began in 1400.
See Wales and Penal laws against the Welsh
Penarth
Penarth is a town and community in the Vale of Glamorgan, Wales, approximately south of Cardiff city centre on the west shore of the Severn Estuary at the southern end of Cardiff Bay.
Penmachno Document
The Penmachno Document was a letters patent drawn up at Penmachno in Gwynedd and signed on 19 December 1294 by Madog ap Llywelyn at the height of his revolt against English rule in Wales.
See Wales and Penmachno Document
Penrhyn quarry
The Penrhyn quarry is a slate quarry located near Bethesda, North Wales.
Pentre Ifan
Pentre Ifan (literally "Ivan's Village") is the name of an ancient manor in the community and parish of Nevern, Pembrokeshire, Wales.
Penydarren Ironworks
Penydarren Ironworks was the fourth of the great ironworks established at Merthyr Tydfil in South Wales.
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Peter Prendergast (artist)
Peter Prendergast (27 October 1946 – 14 January 2007) was a Welsh landscape painter.
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Phil Williams (Welsh politician)
Professor Philip James Stradling Williams (11 January 1939 – 10 June 2003) was a Welsh politician for Plaid Cymru and scientist.
See Wales and Phil Williams (Welsh politician)
Pig iron
Pig iron, also known as crude iron, is an intermediate good used by the iron industry in the production of steel.
Pillar of Eliseg
The Pillar of Eliseg – also known as Elise's Pillar or Croes Elisedd in Welsh – stands near Valle Crucis Abbey, Denbighshire, Wales.
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Plaid Cymru
Plaid Cymru (officially Plaid Cymru – the Party of Wales, and often referred to simply as Plaid) is a centre-left to left-wing, Welsh nationalist political party in Wales, committed to Welsh independence from the United Kingdom.
Play (theatre)
A play is a form of drama that primarily consists of dialogue between characters and is intended for theatrical performance rather than mere reading.
Plynlimon
Plynlimon, or Pumlumon in Welsh (also historically anglicised as Plinlimon and Plinlimmon), is the highest point of the Cambrian Mountains in Wales (taking a restricted definition of the Cambrian Mountains, excluding Snowdonia, the Berwyns and the Brecon Beacons), and the highest point in Mid Wales.
Poetry Wales
Poetry Wales is a triannual poetry magazine published in Bridgend, Wales.
Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe.
See Wales and Poland
Polish language
Polish (język polski,, polszczyzna or simply polski) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group within the Indo-European language family written in the Latin script.
Politics of Wales
Politics in Wales forms a distinctive polity in the wider politics of the United Kingdom, with Wales as one of the four constituent countries of the United Kingdom (UK).
See Wales and Politics of Wales
Pontcysyllte Aqueduct
The Pontcysyllte Aqueduct (Traphont Ddŵr Pontcysyllte) is a navigable aqueduct that carries the Llangollen Canal across the River Dee in the Vale of Llangollen in northeast Wales.
See Wales and Pontcysyllte Aqueduct
Pop music
Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form during the mid-1950s in the United States and the United Kingdom.
Population growth
Population growth is the increase in the number of people in a population or dispersed group.
See Wales and Population growth
Porcelain
Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including kaolinite, in a kiln to temperatures between.
Porphyra umbilicalis
Porphyra umbilicalis, commonly called "laver", is a species of edible seaweed in the genus Porphyra used to make laverbread.
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Porpoise
Porpoises are small dolphin-like cetaceans classified under the family Phocoenidae.
Portmeirion
Portmeirion is a folly*.
Portmeirion Pottery
Portmeirion is a British pottery company based in Stoke-on-Trent, England.
See Wales and Portmeirion Pottery
Post-industrial economy
A post-industrial economy is a period of growth within an industrialized economy or nation in which the relative importance of manufacturing reduces and that of services, information, and research grows.
See Wales and Post-industrial economy
Pottery
Pottery is the process and the products of forming vessels and other objects with clay and other raw materials, which are fired at high temperatures to give them a hard and durable form.
Pound sterling
Sterling (ISO code: GBP) is the currency of the United Kingdom and nine of its associated territories.
Powys
Powys is a county and preserved county in Wales.
See Wales and Powys
Precedent
Precedent is a principle or rule established in a legal case that becomes authoritative to a court or other tribunal when deciding subsequent cases with similar legal issues or facts.
Presbyterian Church of Wales
The Presbyterian Church of Wales (Eglwys Bresbyteraidd Cymru), also known as the Calvinistic Methodist Church (Yr Eglwys Fethodistaidd Galfinaidd), is a denomination of Protestant Christianity based in Wales.
See Wales and Presbyterian Church of Wales
Press Gazette
Press Gazette, formerly known as UK Press Gazette (UKPG), is a British trade magazine dedicated to journalism and the press.
Primary and secondary legislation
Primary legislation and secondary legislation (the latter also called delegated legislation or subordinate legislation) are two forms of law, created respectively by the legislative and executive branches of governments in representative democracies.
See Wales and Primary and secondary legislation
Prince of Wales
Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru,; Princeps Cambriae/Walliae) is a title traditionally given to the male heir apparent to the English, and later British, throne.
Prince of Wales's feathers
The Prince of Wales's feathers are the heraldic badge of the Prince of Wales, the heir to the British throne.
See Wales and Prince of Wales's feathers
Principality of Wales
The Principality of Wales (Tywysogaeth Cymru) was originally the territory of the native Welsh princes of the House of Aberffraw from 1216 to 1283, encompassing two-thirds of modern Wales during its height of 1267–1277.
See Wales and Principality of Wales
Prisons in Wales
The prisons in Wales are run by His Majesty's Prison Service, which is in turn a part of HM Prison and Probation Service (HMPPS) which is an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice responsible for the correctional services in England and Wales.
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Prose
Prose is the form of written language (including written speech or dialogue) that follows the natural flow of speech, a language's ordinary grammatical structures, or typical writing conventions and formatting.
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Proto-Germanic language
Proto-Germanic (abbreviated PGmc; also called Common Germanic) is the reconstructed proto-language of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European languages.
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R. S. Thomas
Ronald Stuart Thomas (29 March 1913 – 25 September 2000), published as R. S. Thomas, was a Welsh poet and Anglican priest noted for nationalism, spirituality and dislike of the anglicisation of Wales.
R. Williams Parry
Robert Williams Parry (6 March 1884 – 4 January 1956) was one of Wales's most notable 20th-century poets writing in Welsh.
See Wales and R. Williams Parry
Rachel Bromwich
Rachel Bromwich (30 July 1915 – 15 December 2010) born Rachel Sheldon Amos, was a British scholar.
Radio Ceredigion
Radio Ceredigion was an Independent Local Radio station that was broadcast to Ceredigion.
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Radio Hafren
Radio Hafren was an Independent Local Radio station in the United Kingdom, serving Mid Wales and the English border counties and broadcasting on 756 AM and 102.1 FM.
Radnorshire
Until 1974, Radnorshire (Sir Faesyfed) was an administrative county in mid Wales, later classed as one of the thirteen historic counties of Wales.
Rail transport in Wales
Rail transport in Wales began in the early 19th century initially used for industrial purposes and shortly began to be used for commercial purposes.
See Wales and Rail transport in Wales
Raymond Williams
Raymond Henry Williams (31 August 1921 – 26 January 1988) was a Welsh socialist writer, academic, novelist and critic influential within the New Left and in wider culture.
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Razorbill
The razorbill, razor-billed auk, or lesser auk (Alca torda) is a North Atlantic colonial seabird and the only extant member of the genus Alca of the family Alcidae, the auks.
Red Book of Hergest
The Red Book of Hergest (Llyfr Coch Hergest), Oxford, Jesus College, MS 111, is a large vellum manuscript written shortly after 1382, which ranks as one of the most important medieval manuscripts written in the Welsh language.
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Red kite
The red kite (Milvus milvus) is a medium-large bird of prey in the family Accipitridae, which also includes many other diurnal raptors such as eagles, buzzards, and harriers.
Red Lady of Paviland
The Red "Lady" of Paviland ("Dynes" Goch Pafiland) is an Upper Paleolithic partial male skeleton dyed in red ochre and buried in Wales 33,000 BP (approximately 31,000 BCE).
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Reformation
The Reformation, also known as the Protestant Reformation and the European Reformation, was a major theological movement in Western Christianity in 16th-century Europe that posed a religious and political challenge to the papacy and the authority of the Catholic Church.
Relict (biology)
In biogeography and paleontology, a relict is a population or taxon of organisms that was more widespread or more diverse in the past.
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Religion in Wales
Religion in Wales has, over the years, become increasingly diverse.
See Wales and Religion in Wales
Renaissance humanism
Renaissance humanism was a worldview centered on the nature and importance of humanity that emerged from the study of Classical antiquity.
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Republic of Ireland
Ireland (Éire), also known as the Republic of Ireland (Poblacht na hÉireann), is a country in north-western Europe consisting of 26 of the 32 counties of the island of Ireland. Wales and Republic of Ireland are English-speaking countries and territories and island countries.
See Wales and Republic of Ireland
Rhayader
Rhayader (Rhaeadr Gwy) is a market town and community in Powys, Wales, within the historic county of Radnorshire.
Rhodri Mawr
Rhodri ap Merfyn, commonly known as italic, was a Welsh king whose legacy has impacted the history of Wales.
Rhondda
Rhondda, or the Rhondda Valley (Cwm Rhondda), is a former coalmining area in South Wales, historically in the county of Glamorgan.
Rhydwen Williams
Robert Rhydwenfro Williams (29 August 1916 – 2 August 1997) was a Welsh poet, novelist and Baptist minister.
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Rhys Lewis (novel)
Rhys Lewis is a novel by Daniel Owen, written in the Welsh language and published in 1885.
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Ricemarch Psalter
The Ricemarch Psalter is an 11th-century Welsh illuminated psalter, in a late Insular style, that has been described as "Hiberno-Danish", instead of the usual "Hiberno-Saxon", as it reflects Viking influence.
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Richard Burton
Richard Burton (born Richard Walter Jenkins Jr.; 10 November 1925 – 5 August 1984) was a Welsh actor.
Richard III of England
Richard III (2 October 1452 – 22 August 1485) was King of England from 26 June 1483 until his death in 1485.
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Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn
Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn (1737 – 21 January 1808), was a Welsh politician and nobleman who served as an member of parliament in the British Parliament, representing Petersfield and Liverpool from 1761 to 1790.
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Richard Wilson (painter)
Richard Wilson (1 August 1714 – 15 May 1782) was an influential Welsh landscape painter, who worked in Britain and Italy.
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Ring ouzel
The ring ouzel (Turdus torquatus) is a mainly European member of the thrush family Turdidae.
River Dyfi
The River Dyfi (Afon Dyfi), also known as the River Dovey, is an approximately long river in Wales.
River Severn
The River Severn (Afon Hafren), at long, is the longest river in Great Britain.
River Wye
The River Wye (Afon Gwy) is the fourth-longest river in the UK, stretching some from its source on Plynlimon in mid Wales to the Severn Estuary.
Road signs in Wales
Road signs in Wales follow the same design principles as those in other parts of the United Kingdom.
See Wales and Road signs in Wales
Roderick Murchison
Sir Roderick Impey Murchison, 1st Baronet, (19 February 1792 – 22 October 1871) was a Scottish geologist who served as director-general of the British Geological Survey from 1855 until his death in 1871.
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Roman Britain
Roman Britain was the territory that became the Roman province of Britannia after the Roman conquest of Britain, consisting of a large part of the island of Great Britain.
Roman citizenship
Citizenship in ancient Rome (civitas) was a privileged political and legal status afforded to free individuals with respect to laws, property, and governance.
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Roman conquest of Britain
The Roman conquest of Britain was the Roman Empire's conquest of most of the island of Britain, which was inhabited by the Celtic Britons.
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Romanization (cultural)
Romanization or Latinization (Romanisation or Latinisation), in the historical and cultural meanings of both terms, indicate different historical processes, such as acculturation, integration and assimilation of newly incorporated and peripheral populations by the Roman Republic and the later Roman Empire.
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Royal Badge of Wales
A Royal Badge for Wales was approved in May 2008.
See Wales and Royal Badge of Wales
Royal Cambrian Academy of Art
The Royal Cambrian Academy of Art (RCA) is a centre of excellence for art in Wales.
See Wales and Royal Cambrian Academy of Art
Royal charter
A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent.
Royal Charter (ship)
The Royal Charter was a steam clipper which was wrecked off the beach of Porth Helaeth in Dulas Bay on the northeast coast of Anglesey, Wales on 26 October 1859.
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Royal Mint
The Royal Mint is the United Kingdom's official maker of British coins.
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds
The Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) is a charitable organisation registered in England and Wales and in Scotland.
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Royal Welsh
The Royal Welsh (R WELSH) (Y Cymry Brenhinol) is an armoured infantry regiment of the British Army.
Ruabon
Ruabon (Rhiwabon) is a village and community in Wrexham County Borough, Wales.
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Rugby league in Wales
Rugby league is a sport played in Wales.
See Wales and Rugby league in Wales
Rugby League World Cup
The Rugby League World Cup is an international rugby league tournament contested by the top national men's representative teams.
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Rugby union in Wales
Rugby union in Wales (undeb rygbi) is considered a large part of Welsh national culture.
See Wales and Rugby union in Wales
Rugby World Cup
The Men's Rugby World Cup is a rugby union tournament contested every four years between the top international teams, the winners of which are recognised as the World champions of the sport.
Ruthin
Ruthin (Rhuthun) is a market town and community in Denbighshire, Wales, in the south of the Vale of Clwyd.
See Wales and Ruthin
S4C
S4C (Sianel Pedwar Cymru, meaning Channel Four Wales) is a Welsh language free-to-air public broadcast television channel.
See Wales and S4C
Saint David
David (Dewi Sant; Davidus) was a Welsh Christian prelate who served as Bishop of Mynyw during the 6th century.
Saint David's Day
Saint David's Day (Dydd Gŵyl Dewi Sant or Dydd Gŵyl Dewi), or the Feast of Saint David, is the feast day of Saint David, the patron saint of Wales, and falls on 1 March, the date of Saint David's death in 589 AD.
See Wales and Saint David's Day
Salmon
Salmon (salmon) is the common name for several commercially important species of euryhaline ray-finned fish from the genera Salmo and Oncorhynchus of the family Salmonidae, native to tributaries of the North Atlantic (Salmo) and North Pacific (Oncorhynchus) basins.
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Salvelinus
Salvelinus is a genus of salmonid fish often called char or charr; some species are called "trout".
Saunders Lewis
Saunders Lewis (born John Saunders Lewis; 15 October 1893 – 1 September 1985) was a Welsh politician, poet, dramatist, Medievalist, and literary critic.
Saxifraga cespitosa
Saxifraga cespitosa, the tufted alpine saxifrage or tufted saxifrage, is a flower common to many arctic heights.
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Saxifraga oppositifolia
Saxifraga oppositifolia, the purple saxifrage or purple mountain saxifrage, is a species of plant that is very common in the high Arctic and also some high mountainous areas further south, including northern Britain, the Alps and the Rocky Mountains.
See Wales and Saxifraga oppositifolia
Saxons
The Saxons, sometimes called the Old Saxons, were the Germanic people of "Old" Saxony (Antiqua Saxonia) which became a Carolingian "stem duchy" in 804, in what is now northern Germany.
See Wales and Saxons
Scarlets
The Scarlets are one of the four professional Welsh rugby union teams and are based in Llanelli, Wales.
Sea Empress oil spill
The Sea Empress oil spill occurred at the entrance to the Milford Haven Waterway in Pembrokeshire, Wales on 15th February 1996.
See Wales and Sea Empress oil spill
Seaweed
Seaweed, or macroalgae, refers to thousands of species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae.
Second Severn Crossing
The Second Severn Crossing (Ail Groesfan Hafren), officially named the Prince of Wales Bridge (Pont Tywysog Cymru) since July 2018, is the M4 motorway bridge over the River Severn between England and Wales, opened in 1996 to supplement the traffic capacity of the Severn Bridge built in 1966.
See Wales and Second Severn Crossing
Secretary of State for Wales
The secretary of state for Wales (ysgrifennydd gwladol Cymru), also referred to as the Welsh secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, with responsibility for the Wales Office.
See Wales and Secretary of State for Wales
Seisyllwg
Seisyllwg was a petty kingdom of medieval Wales.
Senedd
The Senedd, officially known as the Welsh Parliament in English and Senedd Cymru in Welsh, is the devolved, unicameral legislature of Wales.
See Wales and Senedd
Shirburn Castle
Shirburn Castle is a Grade I listed, moated castle located at the village of Shirburn, near Watlington, Oxfordshire.
Shirley Bassey
Dame Shirley Veronica Bassey (born 8 January 1937) is a Welsh singer.
Shrewsbury
("May Shrewsbury Flourish") --> Shrewsbury is a market town, civil parish and the county town of Shropshire, England.
Sikhism in the United Kingdom
British Sikhs number over 535,000 people and account for 0.8% of the British population as of 2021, forming the United Kingdom's fourth-largest religious group.
See Wales and Sikhism in the United Kingdom
Sikhism in Wales
The arrival of Sikhism in Wales is relatively recent.
See Wales and Sikhism in Wales
Silene acaulis
Silene acaulis, known as moss campion or cushion pink, is a small wildflower that is common all over the high arctic and tundra and in high mountains of Eurasia and North America (Alps, Carpathians, southern Siberia, Pyrenees, British Isles, Iceland, Faroe Islands, Greenland, Rocky Mountains).
Silures
The Silures were a powerful and warlike tribe or tribal confederation of ancient Britain, occupying what is now south east Wales and perhaps some adjoining areas.
Silurian
The Silurian is a geologic period and system spanning 24.6 million years from the end of the Ordovician Period, at million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Devonian Period, Mya.
Silver
Silver is a chemical element; it has symbol Ag (derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂erǵ'')) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.
See Wales and Silver
Six Nations Championship
The Six Nations Championship (known as the Guinness Six Nations for sponsorship reasons) is an annual international men's rugby union competition between the teams of England, France, Ireland, Italy, Scotland and Wales.
See Wales and Six Nations Championship
Slate industry in Wales
The existence of a slate industry in Wales is attested since the Roman period, when slate was used to roof the fort at Segontium, now Caernarfon.
See Wales and Slate industry in Wales
Smoking
Smoking is a practice in which a substance is combusted and the resulting smoke is typically inhaled to be tasted and absorbed into the bloodstream of a person.
Snooker
Snooker (pronounced) is a cue sport played on a rectangular billiards table covered with a green cloth called baize, with six pockets, one at each corner and one in the middle of each long side.
Snowdon
Snowdon, or italic, is a mountain in the Snowdonia region of North Wales.
Snowdonia
Snowdonia, or Eryri, is a mountainous region and national park in North Wales.
Socialism
Socialism is an economic and political philosophy encompassing diverse economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production, as opposed to private ownership.
South Wales
South Wales (De Cymru) is a loosely defined region of Wales bordered by England to the east and mid Wales to the north.
South Wales Argus
The South Wales Argus is a daily tabloid newspaper published in Newport, South Wales.
See Wales and South Wales Argus
South Wales Coalfield
The South Wales Coalfield (Maes glo De Cymru) extends across Pembrokeshire, Carmarthenshire, Swansea, Neath Port Talbot, Bridgend, Rhondda Cynon Taf, Merthyr Tydfil, Caerphilly, Blaenau Gwent and Torfaen.
See Wales and South Wales Coalfield
South Wales Echo
The South Wales Echo is a daily tabloid newspaper published in Cardiff, Wales and distributed throughout the surrounding area.
See Wales and South Wales Echo
South Wales Evening Post
The South Wales Evening Post is a tabloid daily newspaper distributed in the South West region of Wales.
See Wales and South Wales Evening Post
South Wales Main Line
The South Wales Main Line (Prif Linell De Cymru), originally known as the London, Bristol and South Wales Direct Railway or simply as the Bristol and South Wales Direct Railway, is a branch of the Great Western Main Line in Great Britain.
See Wales and South Wales Main Line
South Wales Police
South Wales Police (Heddlu De Cymru; SWP) is one of the four territorial police forces in Wales.
See Wales and South Wales Police
South Wales Valleys
The South Wales Valleys (Cymoedd De Cymru) are a group of industrialised peri-urban valleys in South Wales.
See Wales and South Wales Valleys
Sparling
Sparling is a surname.
Sport Wales
Sport Wales (Welsh: Chwaraeon Cymru) is the national organisation responsible for developing and promoting sport and physical activity in Wales.
St Asaph
St Asaph (Llanelwy "church on the Elwy") is a cathedral city and community on the River Elwy in Denbighshire, Wales.
St Davids
St Davids or St David's (Tyddewi,, "David's house”) is a cathedral city in Pembrokeshire, Wales.
St Fagans National Museum of History
St Fagans National Museum of History (Sain Ffagan: Amgueddfa Werin Cymru), commonly referred to as St Fagans after the village where it is located, is an open-air museum in Cardiff chronicling the historical lifestyle, culture, and architecture of the Welsh people.
See Wales and St Fagans National Museum of History
St George's Channel
St George's Channel (Sianel San Siôr, Muir Bhreatan) is a sea channel connecting the Irish Sea to the north and the Celtic Sea to the southwest.
See Wales and St George's Channel
Statute of Rhuddlan
The Statute of Rhuddlan (Statud Rhuddlan), also known as the Statutes of Wales (Statuta Valliae) or as the Statute of Wales (Statutum Valliae), was a royal ordinance by Edward I of England, which gave the constitutional basis for the government of the Principality of Wales from 1284 until 1536.
See Wales and Statute of Rhuddlan
Stoke-on-Trent
Stoke-on-Trent (often abbreviated to Stoke) is a city and unitary authority area in Staffordshire, England, with an area of.
Stratigraphy
Stratigraphy is a branch of geology concerned with the study of rock layers (strata) and layering (stratification).
Sub-replacement fertility
Sub-replacement fertility is a total fertility rate (TFR) that (if sustained) leads to each new generation being less populous than the older, previous one in a given area.
See Wales and Sub-replacement fertility
Succession of states
Succession of states is a concept in international relations regarding a successor state that has become a sovereign state over a territory (and populace) that was previously under the sovereignty of another state.
See Wales and Succession of states
Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
The Supreme Court of the United Kingdom (initialism: UKSC) is the final court of appeal in the United Kingdom for all civil cases, and for criminal cases originating in England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
See Wales and Supreme Court of the United Kingdom
Surrealism
Surrealism is an art and cultural movement that developed in Europe in the aftermath of World War I in which artists aimed to allow the unconscious mind to express itself, often resulting in the depiction of illogical or dreamlike scenes and ideas.
Susan Williams-Ellis
Susan Caroline Williams-Ellis (6 June 1918 – 26 November 2007) was a British pottery designer, who was best known for co-founding Portmeirion Pottery.
See Wales and Susan Williams-Ellis
Swansea
Swansea (Abertawe) is a coastal city and the second-largest city of Wales.
Swansea Blitz
The Swansea Blitz was the heavy and sustained bombing of Swansea by the German Luftwaffe from 19 to 21 February 1941.
Swansea City A.F.C.
Swansea City Association Football Club (Clwb Pêl-droed Cymdeithas Dinas Abertawe) is a Welsh professional football club based in Swansea, Wales.
See Wales and Swansea City A.F.C.
Swansea railway station
Swansea railway station serves the city of Swansea, Wales.
See Wales and Swansea railway station
T. Gwynn Jones
Professor Thomas Gwynn Jones C.B.E. (10 October 1871 – 7 March 1949), more widely known as T. Gwynn Jones, was a leading Welsh poet, scholar, literary critic, novelist, translator, and journalist who did important work in Welsh literature, Welsh education, and the study of Welsh folk tales in the first half of the twentieth century.
T. H. Parry-Williams
Sir Thomas Herbert Parry-Williams (21 September 1887 – 3 March 1975) was a Welsh poet, author and academic.
See Wales and T. H. Parry-Williams
Tacitus
Publius Cornelius Tacitus, known simply as Tacitus (–), was a Roman historian and politician.
Taliesin
Taliesin (6th century AD) was an early Brittonic poet of Sub-Roman Britain whose work has possibly survived in a Middle Welsh manuscript, the Book of Taliesin.
Temperate climate
In geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (approximately 23.5° to 66.5° N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth.
See Wales and Temperate climate
Tertiary sector of the economy
The tertiary sector of the economy, generally known as the service sector, is the third of the three economic sectors in the three-sector model (also known as the economic cycle).
See Wales and Tertiary sector of the economy
The Guardian
The Guardian is a British daily newspaper.
The History Press
The History Press is a British publishing company specialising in the publication of titles devoted to local and specialist history.
See Wales and The History Press
The Independent
The Independent is a British online newspaper.
The Kardomah Gang
The Kardomah Gang, Kardomah Boys, or Kardomah Group was a group of bohemian friends – artists, musicians, poets and writers – who, in the 1930s, frequented the Kardomah Café in Castle Street, Swansea, Wales.
See Wales and The Kardomah Gang
The London Gazette
The London Gazette is one of the official journals of record or government gazettes of the Government of the United Kingdom, and the most important among such official journals in the United Kingdom, in which certain statutory notices are required to be published.
See Wales and The London Gazette
The National Archives (United Kingdom)
The National Archives (TNA; Yr Archifau Cenedlaethol) is a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom.
See Wales and The National Archives (United Kingdom)
The Prehistoric Society
The Prehistoric Society is an international learned society devoted to the study of the human past from the earliest times until the emergence of written history.
See Wales and The Prehistoric Society
Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain
The Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain (Welsh: Tri Thlws ar Ddeg Ynys Prydain) are a series of items in late-medieval Welsh tradition.
See Wales and Thirteen Treasures of the Island of Britain
Thomas E. Stephens (artist)
Thomas Edgar Stephens (November 18, 1886 – January 4, 1966) was a Welsh-American artist and portrait painter.
See Wales and Thomas E. Stephens (artist)
Tiger Bay
Tiger Bay (Bae Teigr) was the local name for an area of Cardiff which covered Butetown and Cardiff Docks.
Topographic prominence
In topography, prominence or relative height (also referred to as autonomous height, and shoulder drop in US English, and drop in British English) measures the height of a mountain or hill's summit relative to the lowest contour line encircling it but containing no higher summit within it.
See Wales and Topographic prominence
Torchwood
Torchwood is a British science fiction television programme created by Russell T Davies.
Tourism in Wales
Tourism in Wales makes up a significant portion of the Welsh economy and attracting millions of visitors each year.
See Wales and Tourism in Wales
Track and field
Athletics (or track and field in the United States) is a sport that includes athletic contests based on running, jumping, and throwing skills.
Treachery of the Blue Books
The Reports of the Commissioners of Inquiry into the State of Education in Wales, commonly referred to in Wales as the "Treason of the Blue Books" or "Treachery of the Blue Books" (Brad y Llyfrau Gleision) or just the "Blue Books" are a three-part publication by the British Government in 1847, which caused uproar in Wales for disparaging the Welsh; being particularly scathing in its view of the nonconformity, the Welsh language and the morality of the Welsh people in general.
See Wales and Treachery of the Blue Books
Treaty of Aberconwy
The Treaty of Aberconwy was signed on the 10th of November 1277, and was made between King Edward I of England and Llywelyn ap Gruffudd, Prince of Wales.
See Wales and Treaty of Aberconwy
Treaty of Montgomery
The Treaty of Montgomery was an Anglo-Welsh treaty signed on 29 September 1267 in Montgomeryshire by which Llywelyn ap Gruffudd was acknowledged as Prince of Wales by King Henry III of England (r. 1216–1272).
See Wales and Treaty of Montgomery
Trelystan
Trelystan is a remote parish and township on the border of the historic county of Montgomeryshire with Shropshire.
Trial court
A trial court or court of first instance is a court having original jurisdiction, in which trials take place.
Triple harp
The triple harp is a type of multi-course harp employing three parallel rows of strings instead of the more common single row.
Tryweryn flooding
The Tryweryn flooding or Tryweryn drowning (Welsh: Boddi Tryweryn), refers to the flooding of the rural community of Capel Celyn to the north west of Bala in Gwynedd, Wales, in the Afon Tryweryn valley.
See Wales and Tryweryn flooding
Tuberaria guttata
Tuberaria guttata, the spotted rock-rose or annual rock-rose, is an annual plant of the Mediterranean region which also occurs very locally in Wales and Ireland.
See Wales and Tuberaria guttata
UEFA Euro 2016
The 2016 UEFA European Football Championship, commonly referred to as UEFA Euro 2016 (stylised as UEFA EURO 2016) or simply Euro 2016, was the 15th UEFA European Championship, the quadrennial international men's football championship of Europe organised by UEFA.
Under Milk Wood
Under Milk Wood is a 1954 radio drama by Welsh poet Dylan Thomas.
Unicameralism
Unicameralism (from uni- "one" + Latin camera "chamber") is a type of legislature consisting of one house or assembly that legislates and votes as one.
Union Jack
The Union Jack or Union Flag is the de facto national flag of the United Kingdom.
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Northwestern Europe, off the coast of the continental mainland. Wales and United Kingdom are English-speaking countries and territories and island countries.
United Rugby Championship
The United Rugby Championship (URC) is an annual rugby union competition involving professional teams from Ireland, Italy, Scotland, South Africa, and Wales.
See Wales and United Rugby Championship
University of California Press
The University of California Press, otherwise known as UC Press, is a publishing house associated with the University of California that engages in academic publishing.
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University of Leicester
The University of Leicester is a public research university based in Leicester, England.
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University of Wales
The University of Wales (Welsh: Prifysgol Cymru) is a confederal university based in Cardiff, Wales.
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University of Wales Press
The University of Wales Press (Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru) was founded in 1922 as a central service of the University of Wales.
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Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes
Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes (Llwybrau Lleol y Cymoedd a Chaerdydd) (formerly Valley Lines) is the network of passenger suburban railway services radiating from Cardiff, Wales.
See Wales and Valleys & Cardiff Local Routes
Value added
Value added is a term in financial economics for calculating the difference between market value of a product or service, and the sum value of its constituents.
Vaughan Gething
Humphrey Vaughan ap David Gething (born 15 March 1974) is a Welsh Labour and Co-operative Party politician serving as First Minister of Wales since March 2024, and served as leader of Welsh Labour from March to July 2024, making him the first black leader of any European country.
Vernacular
Vernacular is the ordinary, informal, spoken form of language, particularly when perceived as being of lower social status in contrast to standard language, which is more codified, institutional, literary, or formal.
Vernon Watkins
Vernon Phillips Watkins (27 June 1906 – 8 October 1967) was a Welsh poet and translator.
Vikings
Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden), who from the late 8th to the late 11th centuries raided, pirated, traded, and settled throughout parts of Europe.
Visit Wales
Visit Wales (Croeso Cymru) is the Welsh Government's tourism organisation.
Volcae
The Volcae were a Gallic tribal confederation constituted before the raid of combined Gauls that invaded Macedonia c. 270 BC and fought the assembled Greeks at the Battle of Thermopylae in 279 BC.
See Wales and Volcae
Vortigern
Vortigern (Guorthigirn, Guorthegern; Gwrtheyrn; Wyrtgeorn; Old Breton: Gurdiern, Gurthiern; Foirtchern; Vortigernus, Vertigernus, Uuertigernus, etc.), also spelled Vortiger, Vortigan, Voertigern and Vortigen, was a 5th-century warlord in Britain, known perhaps as a king of the Britons or at least connoted as such in the writings of Bede and Gildas.
Wales
Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Wales and Wales are autonomous regions, Celtic nations, English-speaking countries and territories, great Britain, island countries, NUTS 1 statistical regions of the United Kingdom, regions of Europe with multiple official languages and united Kingdom by country.
See Wales and Wales
Wales and Berwick Act 1746
The Wales and Berwick Act 1746 (20 Geo. 2. c. 42) was an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain that created a statutory definition of England as including England, Wales and Berwick-upon-Tweed.
See Wales and Wales and Berwick Act 1746
Wales in the High Middle Ages
Wales in the High Middle Ages covers the 11th to 13th centuries in Welsh history.
See Wales and Wales in the High Middle Ages
Wales in the late Middle Ages
Wales in the late Middle Ages spanned the years 1282–1542, beginning with conquest and ending in union.
See Wales and Wales in the late Middle Ages
Wales Millennium Centre
Wales Millennium Centre (Canolfan Mileniwm Cymru) (WMC) is Wales' national arts centre located in the Cardiff Bay area of Cardiff, Wales.
See Wales and Wales Millennium Centre
Wales national cricket team
Cricketers from Wales are currently represented by the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) and compete for the England cricket team.
See Wales and Wales national cricket team
Wales national football team
The Wales national football team (Tîm pêl-droed cenedlaethol Cymru) represents Wales in men's international football.
See Wales and Wales national football team
Wales national rugby union team
The Wales national rugby union team (Tîm rygbi'r undeb cenedlaethol Cymru) represents the Welsh Rugby Union in men's international rugby union.
See Wales and Wales national rugby union team
Walton, Leeds
Walton is a village and civil parish 2 miles (3 km) east of Wetherby, West Yorkshire, England.
Walworth, County Durham
Walworth is a central small village with outlying farmsteads, which together constitute a scattered village in the borough of Darlington and the ceremonial county of County Durham, England.
See Wales and Walworth, County Durham
Wat's Dyke
Wat's Dyke (Clawdd Wat) is a linear earthwork running through the northern Welsh Marches from Basingwerk Abbey on the River Dee estuary, passing east of Oswestry and on to Maesbury in Shropshire, England.
Welsh 3000s
The Welsh 3000s are the 15 Welsh Munros.
Welsh cake
Welsh cakes (picau ar y maen, pice bach, cacennau cri or teisennau gradell), also bakestones or pics, are a traditional sweet bread in Wales.
Welsh Church Act 1914
The Welsh Church Act 1914 is an Act of Parliament under which the Church of England was separated and disestablished in Wales and Monmouthshire, leading to the creation of the Church in Wales.
See Wales and Welsh Church Act 1914
Welsh dance
The Welsh dance (Dawns Gymreig), also known as the Welsh folk dance (Dawnsio gwerin), is a traditional dance in Wales, performed to Welsh traditional music and while usually wearing a traditional Welsh costume.
Welsh Dragon
The Welsh Dragon (y Ddraig Goch, meaning 'the red dragon') is a heraldic symbol that represents Wales and appears on the national flag of Wales.
Welsh English
Welsh English (Saesneg Gymreig) comprises the dialects of English spoken by Welsh people.
Welsh Government
The Welsh Government (Llywodraeth Cymru) is the devolved government of Wales.
See Wales and Welsh Government
Welsh Italians
Welsh Italians (italo-gallesi; Cymry Eidalaidd) are Welsh who are fully or partially of Italian descent, whose ancestors were Italians who emigrated to Wales during the Italian diaspora, or Italian-born people in Wales.
Welsh Labour
Welsh Labour (Llafur Cymru), formerly known as the Labour Party in Wales (Y Blaid Lafur yng Nghymru), is an autonomous section of the United Kingdom Labour Party in Wales and the largest party in modern Welsh politics.
Welsh language
Welsh (Cymraeg or y Gymraeg) is a Celtic language of the Brittonic subgroup that is native to the Welsh people.
Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011
The Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011 (Mesur y Gymraeg (Cymru) 2011) is an act of the National Assembly for Wales that established several provisions with regard to Welsh as an official language of Wales.
See Wales and Welsh Language (Wales) Measure 2011
Welsh Language Act 1967
The Welsh Language Act 1967 (c. 66) (Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1967) was an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which gave some rights to use the Welsh language in legal proceedings in Wales (including Monmouthshire) and gave the relevant minister the right to authorise the production of a Welsh version of any documents required or allowed by the Act.
See Wales and Welsh Language Act 1967
Welsh Language Act 1993
The Welsh Language Act 1993 (c. 38) (Deddf yr Iaith Gymraeg 1993) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which put the Welsh language on an equal footing with the English language in Wales.
See Wales and Welsh Language Act 1993
Welsh Language Commissioner
The Welsh Language Commissioner is a Welsh Government officer, overseeing an independent advisory body of the same name.
See Wales and Welsh Language Commissioner
Welsh Language Society
The Welsh Language Society (Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg, also often abbreviated to Cymdeithas yr Iaith or just Cymdeithas in English) is a direct action pressure group in Wales campaigning for the right of Welsh people to use the Welsh language in every aspect of their lives.
See Wales and Welsh Language Society
Welsh law
Welsh law (Cyfraith Cymru) is an autonomous part of the English law system composed of legislation made by the Senedd.
Welsh League
The Welsh League was the first club rugby league competition in Wales.
Welsh Liberal Democrats
The Welsh Liberal Democrats (Democratiaid Rhyddfrydol Cymru) are a branch of the United Kingdom Liberal Democrats that operates in Wales.
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Welsh Liberal Party
The Welsh Liberal Party was the section of the Liberal Party operating in Wales.
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Welsh Marches
The Welsh Marches (Y Mers) is an imprecisely defined area along the border between England and Wales in the United Kingdom.
Welsh Marches line
The Welsh Marches line (Llinell y Mers), known historically as the North and West Route, is the railway line running from Newport in south-east Wales to Shrewsbury in the West Midlands region of England by way of Abergavenny, Hereford and Craven Arms and thence (by some definitions) to Crewe via Whitchurch.
See Wales and Welsh Marches line
Welsh Methodist revival
The Welsh Methodist revival was an evangelical revival that revitalised Christianity in Wales during the 18th century.
See Wales and Welsh Methodist revival
Welsh National Opera
Welsh National Opera (WNO) (Opera Cenedlaethol Cymru) is an opera company based in Cardiff, Wales.
See Wales and Welsh National Opera
Welsh Not
The Welsh Not was a token used by teachers at some schools in Wales in the 19th century and early 20th century to discourage children from speaking Welsh at school, by marking out those who were heard speaking the language.
Welsh peers and baronets
This is an index of Welsh peers and baronets whose primary peerage, life peerage, and baronetcy titles include a Welsh place-name origin or its territorial qualification is within the historic counties of Wales.
See Wales and Welsh peers and baronets
Welsh people
The Welsh (Cymry) are an ethnic group native to Wales.
Welsh Triads
The Welsh Triads (Trioedd Ynys Prydein, "Triads of the Island of Britain") are a group of related texts in medieval manuscripts which preserve fragments of Welsh folklore, mythology and traditional history in groups of three.
Wessex
The Kingdom of the West Saxons, also known as the Kingdom of Wessex, was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom in the south of Great Britain, from around 519 until Alfred the Great declared himself as King of the Anglo-Saxons in 886.
See Wales and Wessex
West Midlands (region)
The West Midlands is one of nine official regions of England at the first level of International Territorial Level for statistical purposes.
See Wales and West Midlands (region)
West Wales
West Wales (Gorllewin Cymru) is a region of Wales.
West Yorkshire
West Yorkshire is a metropolitan and ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England.
Westerlies
The westerlies, anti-trades, or prevailing westerlies, are prevailing winds from the west toward the east in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude.
Western Mail (Wales)
The Western Mail is a daily newspaper published by Media Wales Ltd in Cardiff, Wales owned by the UK's largest newspaper company, Reach plc.
See Wales and Western Mail (Wales)
Western Roman Empire
In modern historiography, the Western Roman Empire was the western provinces of the Roman Empire, collectively, during any period in which they were administered separately from the eastern provinces by a separate, independent imperial court.
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White Book of Rhydderch
The White Book of Rhydderch (Welsh: Llyfr Gwyn Rhydderch, National Library of Wales, Peniarth MS 4-5) is one of the most notable and celebrated surviving manuscripts in Welsh.
See Wales and White Book of Rhydderch
Whitland
Whitland (Hendy-gwyn,, or Hendy-gwyn ar Daf,, from the medieval Ty Gwyn ar Daf) is a town and community in Carmarthenshire, Wales.
Wiley-Blackwell
Wiley-Blackwell is an international scientific, technical, medical, and scholarly publishing business of John Wiley & Sons.
William Morgan (Bible translator)
William Morgan (1545 – 10 September 1604) was a Welsh Bishop of Llandaff and of St Asaph, and the translator of the first version of the whole Bible into Welsh from Greek and Hebrew.
See Wales and William Morgan (Bible translator)
William Salesbury
William Salesbury, also Salusbury, (c. 1520 – c. 1584) was the leading Welsh scholar of the Renaissance and the principal translator of the 1567 Welsh New Testament.
See Wales and William Salesbury
William the Conqueror
William the Conqueror (Bates William the Conqueror p. 33– 9 September 1087), sometimes called William the Bastard, was the first Norman king of England (as William I), reigning from 1066 until his death.
See Wales and William the Conqueror
William Wroth
William Wroth (1576–1641), was a Church of England minister.
Woollen industry in Wales
The woollen industry in Wales was at times the country's most important industry, though it often struggled to compete with the better-funded woollen mills in the north of England, and almost disappeared during the 20th century.
See Wales and Woollen industry in Wales
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a global conflict between two alliances: the Allies and the Axis powers.
Wrexham
Wrexham (Wrecsam) is a city and the administrative centre of Wrexham County Borough in Wales.
Wrexham A.F.C.
Wrexham Association Football Club (date) is a professional association football club based in Wrexham, Wales.
Wrexham Industrial Estate
Wrexham Industrial Estate is a well defined industrial area in Wrexham, Wales.
See Wales and Wrexham Industrial Estate
Wroxeter
Wroxeter is a village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Wroxeter and Uppington, in the Shropshire district, in the ceremonial county of Shropshire, England.
Wye Valley
The Wye Valley National Landscape (formerly Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty; Dyffryn Gwy) is an internationally important protected landscape straddling the border between England and Wales.
Y Cymro
Y Cymro ('The Welshman') is a Welsh-language newspaper, which was first published in 1932.
Y Lolfa
Y Lolfa (Welsh for The Lounge) is a Welsh printing and publishing company based in Tal-y-bont, Ceredigion, in Mid-Wales.
Y Traethodydd
Y Traethodydd (The Essayist) is a quarterly cultural magazine published in the Welsh language covering historical, literary and theological topics.
Yellow-necked mouse
The yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), also called yellow-necked field mouse, yellow-necked wood mouse, and South China field mouse, is closely related to the wood mouse, with which it was long confused.
See Wales and Yellow-necked mouse
Ystrad Tywi
Ystrad Tywi (Valley of the river Towy) is a region of southwest Wales situated on both banks of the River Towy, it contained places such as Cedweli, Carnwyllion, Loughor, Llandeilo, and Gwyr (although this is disputed).
Zinc
Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30.
See Wales and Zinc
.cymru
.cymru is one of two geographic top level domains (GeoTLD) for Wales (the other being.wales).
See Wales and .cymru
.gb
.gb is a reserved Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the United Kingdom, derived from '''G'''reat '''B'''ritain.
See Wales and .gb
.uk
.uk is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for the United Kingdom.
See Wales and .uk
.wales
.wales is one of two geographic top level domains for Wales (the other being.cymru).
See Wales and .wales
1904–1905 Welsh revival
The 1904–1905 Welsh revival was the largest Christian revival in Wales during the 20th century.
See Wales and 1904–1905 Welsh revival
1906 United Kingdom general election
The 1906 United Kingdom general election was held from 12 January to 8 February 1906.
See Wales and 1906 United Kingdom general election
1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
The 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games (Welsh: Gemau Ymerodraeth Prydain a'r Gymanwlad 1958) was held in Cardiff, Wales, from 18 to 26 July 1958.
See Wales and 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games
1979 Welsh devolution referendum
The 1979 Welsh devolution referendum was a post-legislative referendum held on 1 March 1979 (Saint David's Day) to decide whether there was sufficient support for a Welsh Assembly among the Welsh electorate.
See Wales and 1979 Welsh devolution referendum
1997 Welsh devolution referendum
The Welsh devolution referendum of 1997 was a pre-legislative referendum held in Wales on 18 September 1997 over whether there was support for the creation of a National Assembly for Wales, and therefore a degree of self-government.
See Wales and 1997 Welsh devolution referendum
1999 Rugby World Cup
The 1999 Rugby World Cup (Cwpan Rygbi'r Byd 1999), was the fourth Rugby World Cup, the quadrennial international rugby union championship, the first World Cup to be held in the sport's professional era.
See Wales and 1999 Rugby World Cup
2010 Ryder Cup
The 38th Ryder Cup was held 1–4 October 2010 at the Celtic Manor Resort in Newport, Wales.
2011 Welsh devolution referendum
A referendum on the powers of the National Assembly for Wales was held on 3 March 2011.
See Wales and 2011 Welsh devolution referendum
2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
On 23 June 2016, a referendum took place in the United Kingdom (UK) and Gibraltar to ask the electorate whether the country should remain a member of, or leave, the European Union (EU).
See Wales and 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum
2017 UEFA Champions League final
The 2017 UEFA Champions League final was the final match of the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League, the 62nd season of Europe's premier club football tournament organised by UEFA, and the 25th season since it was renamed from the European Cup to the UEFA Champions League.
See Wales and 2017 UEFA Champions League final
2021 United Kingdom census
The 2021 United Kingdom census is the 23rd official census of the United Kingdom.
See Wales and 2021 United Kingdom census
38th (Welsh) Infantry Division
The 38th (Welsh) Division (initially the 43rd Division, later the 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division and then the 38th Infantry (Reserve) Division) of the British Army was active during both the First and Second World Wars.
See Wales and 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division
See also
Celtic nations
Great Britain
- England
- Geography of Great Britain
- Great Britain
- Greater Britain
- Horse racing in Great Britain
- Rail transport in Great Britain
- Scotland
- Wales
NUTS 1 statistical regions of the United Kingdom
Regions of Europe with multiple official languages
- Adygea
- Aosta Valley
- Balearic Islands
- Bashkortostan
- Basque Country (autonomous community)
- Bilingual communes in Poland
- Brussels
- Canton of Bern
- Catalonia
- Chechnya
- Chuvashia
- Dagestan
- Duino-Aurisina
- Eupen-Malmedy
- Faroe Islands
- Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Friesland
- Gagauz Republic
- Gagauzia
- Galicia (Spain)
- Grisons
- Ingushetia
- Istria County
- Kabardino-Balkaria
- Kalmykia
- Karachay-Cherkessia
- Komi Republic
- Languages of Switzerland
- Liège Province
- Limburg (Netherlands)
- Mari El
- Mordovia
- Navarre
- North Ossetia–Alania
- Northern Ireland
- Republika Srpska
- South Tyrol
- Tatarstan
- Transnistria
- Udmurtia
- Valencian Community
- Vojvodina
- Wales
United Kingdom by country
- Administrative geography of the United Kingdom
- Countries of the United Kingdom
- England
- Northern Ireland
- Scotland
- Wales
References
Also known as Autonomous Province of Wales, CYMRU, Communications in Wales, Cymru am byth, Cyrmu, Flora and fauna of Wales, Gymru, Rain in Wales, State of Wales, The Principality of Wales, Wales (UK), Wales (country), Wales, U.K., Wales, UK, Wales, United Kingdom, Wales, United Kingdom., Welsh Peninsula, Welsh State, Welsh mountains, Welshland, West of Great Britain, Western Great Britain, Wildlife of Wales.
, Barry, Vale of Glamorgan, Basking shark, Battle of Badon, Battle of Hastings, Battle of Passchendaele, BBC, BBC Cymru Wales, BBC National Orchestra of Wales, BBC News, BBC Radio Cymru, BBC Sport, Beaumaris Castle, Beaver, Beeching cuts, Before Present, Bersham, Berwick-upon-Tweed, Berwyn range, Betty Campbell, Betws-y-Coed, Bevin Boys, Bible translations into Welsh, Big Pit National Coal Museum, Bird of prey, Black Book of Carmarthen, Black British people, Black Welsh people, Black-legged kittiwake, Blaenavon Industrial Landscape, Blue Flag beach, Book of Aneirin, Book of Taliesin, Books Council of Wales, Bottlenose dolphin, Bourgeoisie, Brecknockshire, Brecon Beacons, Breton language, Bridgend, Bristol Channel, British Army, British Asians, British Cartographic Society, British Isles, Brittonic languages, Bronze Age, Bryn Celli Ddu, Buddhism, Buddhism in Wales, Builth Wells, Cabinet of the United Kingdom, Cabinet Secretary for Health and Social Care (Wales), Cad Goddeu, Cadwaladr, 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Williams-Ellis, Cockle (bivalve), Code-switching, Codification (law), Coins of the pound sterling, Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, Comedian, Common Brittonic, Common law, Common periwinkle, Common raven, Commonwealth Games, Commonwealth of Nations, Conquest of Wales by Edward I, Constantine the Great, Constitutio Antoniniana, Constitutional monarchy, Contemporary dance, Conwy, Conwy Castle, Copper, Cork (city), Cornish language, Cornovii (Midlands), Cornwall, Counsel General for Wales, Countries of the United Kingdom, Country, Country code top-level domain, County court, County Durham, Court of Appeal (England and Wales), Courts of England and Wales, Craven Arms railway station, Crib Goch, Cricket, Cromlech, Crown Court, Crwth, Culture of Wales, Cycle sport, Cyfarthfa Ironworks, Cyfraith Hywel, Cymru, Cymru Premier, Cyril Fox, Cywydd, Dafydd ap Gruffydd, Dafydd ap Gwilym, Daily Post (North Wales), Dale Fort, Daniel Owen, Danny Dorling, David Jones (artist-poet), David Lloyd George, Deceangli, Decimalisation, Deheubarth, Demetae, Demographic transition, Demographics of the United Kingdom, Devolution in the United Kingdom, Digital television, Digital television transition, Dinorwic quarry, Doctor Who, Dolphin, Dowlais Ironworks, Draba aizoides, Dragons RFC, Dublin, Dwynwen, Dyfed, Dyfed–Powys Police, Dylan Thomas, Early 1980s recession, Early Middle Ages, Early modern human, Eastern Airways, Edict of Milan, Edward I of England, Edward II of England, Eel, Eisteddfod, Eleanor de Montfort, Elisedd ap Gwylog, Emlyn Williams, Employment-to-population ratio, Emyr Humphreys, Encyclopaedia of Wales, End of Roman rule in Britain, England, England and Wales, England and Wales Cricket Board, England cricket team, England–Wales border, English football league system, English language, English law, EPCR Challenge Cup, Ephemera, Eric Gill, Ethnic groups in the United Kingdom, European Land Information Service, European pine marten, European polecat, European Rugby Champions Cup, European shag, European Union, Evan Roberts (minister), Executive (government), Fair trade certification, Fascism, Fealty, Feral goat, Ferry, FIFA World Cup, Fifteen Tribes of Wales, Fish and chips, Fishguard, Flag of Wales, Flintshire, Folk music, Folklore, Football in Wales, Foreign direct investment, Free Wales Army, Gagea serotina, Gaul, Gauls, Gŵyl Mabsant, Geoffrey of Monmouth, Geographic top-level domain, Geology, Gerald of Wales, German language, Germanic languages, Germanic peoples, Gildas, Glacier, Glamorgan, Glamorgan County Cricket Club, Glyndŵr rebellion, Glywysing, GO Wales, Gobowen railway station, Gold, Golwg, Gomer Press, Goscombe John, Gov.uk, Government of the United Kingdom, Government of Wales Act 1998, Government of Wales Act 2006, Gower Peninsula, Great Britain, Great Britain at the Olympics, Great Depression, Great Western Main Line, Great Western Main Line upgrade, Greatest Hits Radio South Wales, Greenwood Publishing Group, Grey seal, Griffith Jones (priest), Gross domestic product, Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, Gruffydd ap Rhydderch, Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, Gwen John, Gwent Police, Gwyn Thomas (novelist), Gwynedd, Gwynfor Evans, Gwyniad, Hake, Halcrow Group, Hallstatt culture, Harlech Castle, Hawarden, Hazel dormouse, Heart of Wales line, Heavy industry, Hen harrier, Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau, Henry III of England, Henry IV of England, Henry VII of England, Henry VIII, Hereford, Hereford Gospels, Herring, High Court of Justice, High Speed 2, Hinduism in the United Kingdom, Hinduism in Wales, Historia Brittonum, Historia Regum Britanniae, History of the Jews in Wales, HM Courts Service, HM Prison Berwyn, Holyhead, Homage (feudal), Honno (publisher), Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, House of Commons of the United Kingdom, House of Dinefwr, Human migration, Hydroelectricity, Hywel Dda, Illuminated manuscript, Indian cuisine, Indo-European languages, Industrial park, Insular art, International Hydrographic Organization, International Organization for Standardization, Investiture of the prince of Wales, Irish Sea, Iron Age, Islam in the United Kingdom, Islam in Wales, ISO 3166-1, ISO 3166-2:GB, ITV (TV network), ITV Cymru Wales, ITV News, Jo Stevens, John Davies (historian), John Davies (Mallwyd), John Griffiths (Welsh politician), John T. Koch, John Wilkinson (industrialist), Jonah Jones (sculptor), Julian Hodge, Jurisdiction, Justice of Chester, Justiciar of North Wales, Justiciar of South Wales, Keir Hardie, Kenneth O. 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S. Thomas, R. Williams Parry, Rachel Bromwich, Radio Ceredigion, Radio Hafren, Radnorshire, Rail transport in Wales, Raymond Williams, Razorbill, Red Book of Hergest, Red kite, Red Lady of Paviland, Reformation, Relict (biology), Religion in Wales, Renaissance humanism, Republic of Ireland, Rhayader, Rhodri Mawr, Rhondda, Rhydwen Williams, Rhys Lewis (novel), Ricemarch Psalter, Richard Burton, Richard III of England, Richard Pennant, 1st Baron Penrhyn, Richard Wilson (painter), Ring ouzel, River Dyfi, River Severn, River Wye, Road signs in Wales, Roderick Murchison, Roman Britain, Roman citizenship, Roman conquest of Britain, Romanization (cultural), Royal Badge of Wales, Royal Cambrian Academy of Art, Royal charter, Royal Charter (ship), Royal Mint, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, Royal Welsh, Ruabon, Rugby league in Wales, Rugby League World Cup, Rugby union in Wales, Rugby World Cup, Ruthin, S4C, Saint David, Saint David's Day, Salmon, Salvelinus, Saunders Lewis, Saxifraga cespitosa, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Saxons, Scarlets, Sea Empress oil spill, Seaweed, Second Severn Crossing, Secretary of State for Wales, Seisyllwg, Senedd, Shirburn Castle, Shirley Bassey, Shrewsbury, Sikhism in the United Kingdom, Sikhism in Wales, Silene acaulis, Silures, Silurian, Silver, Six Nations Championship, Slate industry in Wales, Smoking, Snooker, Snowdon, Snowdonia, Socialism, South Wales, South Wales Argus, South Wales Coalfield, South Wales Echo, South Wales Evening Post, South Wales Main Line, South Wales Police, South Wales Valleys, Sparling, Sport Wales, St Asaph, St Davids, St Fagans National Museum of History, St George's Channel, Statute of Rhuddlan, Stoke-on-Trent, Stratigraphy, Sub-replacement fertility, Succession of states, Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, Surrealism, Susan Williams-Ellis, Swansea, Swansea Blitz, Swansea City A.F.C., Swansea railway station, T. 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