Table of Contents
344 relations: Abdomen, Abdominal x-ray, Absorbed dose, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), Absorption edge, Acute radiation syndrome, Airport security, Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton, Albanian language, Amputation, Angiography, Angstrom, Anode, Ascites, Assassination of William McKinley, Astronomy, Atom, Atomic nucleus, Atomic number, Attenuation coefficient, Attenuation length, Auger effect, Auger electron spectroscopy, Background radiation, Backscatter X-ray, Berlin, Birmingham, Black hole, Bone, Bone fracture, Border control, Bowel obstruction, Bremsstrahlung, Buffalo, New York, Bulgarian language, Calcium, Carcinogen, Cathode, Cathode ray, Cell (biology), Chandra X-ray Observatory, Characteristic X-ray, Charge-coupled device, Charles Glover Barkla, Chemical element, Chest radiograph, Chi (letter), Clarence Madison Dally, Cobalt, Coin, ... Expand index (294 more) »
- 1895 in Germany
- 1895 in science
- Electromagnetic spectrum
- Ionizing radiation
- Wilhelm Röntgen
Abdomen
The abdomen (colloquially called the belly, tummy, midriff, tucky or stomach) is the part of the body between the thorax (chest) and pelvis, in humans and in other vertebrates.
Abdominal x-ray
An abdominal x-ray is an x-ray of the abdomen.
Absorbed dose
Absorbed dose is a dose quantity which is the measure of the energy deposited in matter by ionizing radiation per unit mass.
Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
In physics, absorption of electromagnetic radiation is how matter (typically electrons bound in atoms) takes up a photon's energy — and so transforms electromagnetic energy into internal energy of the absorber (for example, thermal energy).
See X-ray and Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
Absorption edge
In physics, an absorption edge (also known as an absorption discontinuity or absorption limit) is a sharp discontinuity in the absorption spectrum of a substance.
Acute radiation syndrome
Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness or radiation poisoning, is a collection of health effects that are caused by being exposed to high amounts of ionizing radiation in a short period of time.
See X-ray and Acute radiation syndrome
Airport security
Airport security includes the techniques and methods used in an attempt to protect passengers, staff, aircraft, and airport property from malicious harm, crime, terrorism, and other threats.
See X-ray and Airport security
Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton
Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton FRS (18 October 1863 – 19 February 1930) was a Scottish consulting electrical engineer, who provided the theoretical basis for the electronic television, two decades before the technology existed to implement it.
See X-ray and Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton
Albanian language
Albanian (endonym: shqip, gjuha shqipe, or arbërisht) is an Indo-European language and the only surviving representative of the Albanoid branch, which belongs to the Paleo-Balkan group.
See X-ray and Albanian language
Amputation
Amputation is the removal of a limb by trauma, medical illness, or surgery.
Angiography
Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins, and the heart chambers.
Angstrom
The angstrom is a unit of length equal to m; that is, one ten-billionth of a metre, a hundred-millionth of a centimetre, 0.1 nanometre, or 100 picometres.
Anode
An anode is an electrode of a polarized electrical device through which conventional current enters the device.
See X-ray and Anode
Ascites
Ascites (translit, meaning "bag" or "sac") is the abnormal build-up of fluid in the abdomen.
Assassination of William McKinley
William McKinley, the 25th president of the United States, was shot on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition in the Temple of Music in Buffalo, New York, on September 6, 1901, six months into his second term.
See X-ray and Assassination of William McKinley
Astronomy
Astronomy is a natural science that studies celestial objects and the phenomena that occur in the cosmos.
Atom
Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements.
See X-ray and Atom
Atomic nucleus
The atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment.
Atomic number
The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of an atomic nucleus.
Attenuation coefficient
The linear attenuation coefficient, attenuation coefficient, or narrow-beam attenuation coefficient characterizes how easily a volume of material can be penetrated by a beam of light, sound, particles, or other energy or matter.
See X-ray and Attenuation coefficient
Attenuation length
In physics, the attenuation length or absorption length is the distance into a material when the probability has dropped to that a particle has not been absorbed.
See X-ray and Attenuation length
Auger effect
The Auger effect or Auger−Meitner effect is a physical phenomenon in which the filling of an inner-shell vacancy of an atom is accompanied by the emission of an electron from the same atom.
Auger electron spectroscopy
Hanford scientist uses an Auger electron spectrometer to determine the elemental composition of surfaces. Auger electron spectroscopy (AES; pronounced in French) is a common analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces and, more generally, in the area of materials science.
See X-ray and Auger electron spectroscopy
Background radiation
Background radiation is a measure of the level of ionizing radiation present in the environment at a particular location which is not due to deliberate introduction of radiation sources. X-ray and Background radiation are ionizing radiation.
See X-ray and Background radiation
Backscatter X-ray
Backscatter X-ray is an advanced X-ray imaging technology. X-ray and Backscatter X-ray are radiography.
See X-ray and Backscatter X-ray
Berlin
Berlin is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population.
See X-ray and Berlin
Birmingham
Birmingham is a city and metropolitan borough in the metropolitan county of West Midlands in England.
Black hole
A black hole is a region of spacetime where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light and other electromagnetic waves, is capable of possessing enough energy to escape it.
Bone
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the skeleton in most vertebrate animals.
See X-ray and Bone
Bone fracture
A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx, Fx, or #) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body.
Border control
Border control comprises measures taken by governments to monitor and regulate the movement of people, animals, and goods across land, air, and maritime borders.
Bowel obstruction
Bowel obstruction, also known as intestinal obstruction, is a mechanical or functional obstruction of the intestines which prevents the normal movement of the products of digestion.
See X-ray and Bowel obstruction
Bremsstrahlung
In particle physics, bremsstrahlung is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by another charged particle, typically an electron by an atomic nucleus.
Buffalo, New York
Buffalo is a city in the U.S. state of New York and the county seat of Erie County.
See X-ray and Buffalo, New York
Bulgarian language
Bulgarian (bŭlgarski ezik) is an Eastern South Slavic language spoken in Southeast Europe, primarily in Bulgaria.
See X-ray and Bulgarian language
Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
Carcinogen
A carcinogen is any agent that promotes the development of cancer.
Cathode
A cathode is the electrode from which a conventional current leaves a polarized electrical device.
Cathode ray
Cathode rays or electron beams (e-beam) are streams of electrons observed in discharge tubes.
Cell (biology)
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all forms of life.
Chandra X-ray Observatory
The Chandra X-ray Observatory (CXO), previously known as the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF), is a Flagship-class space telescope launched aboard the during STS-93 by NASA on July 23, 1999.
See X-ray and Chandra X-ray Observatory
Characteristic X-ray
Characteristic X-rays are emitted when outer-shell electrons fill a vacancy in the inner shell of an atom, releasing X-rays in a pattern that is "characteristic" to each element. X-ray and Characteristic X-ray are x-rays.
See X-ray and Characteristic X-ray
Charge-coupled device
A charge-coupled device (CCD) is an integrated circuit containing an array of linked, or coupled, capacitors.
See X-ray and Charge-coupled device
Charles Glover Barkla
Charles Glover Barkla FRS FRSE (7 June 1877 – 23 October 1944) was a British physicist, and the winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1917 for his work in X-ray spectroscopy and related areas in the study of X-rays (Roentgen rays).
See X-ray and Charles Glover Barkla
Chemical element
A chemical element is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical reactions.
See X-ray and Chemical element
Chest radiograph
A chest radiograph, chest X-ray (CXR), or chest film is a projection radiograph of the chest used to diagnose conditions affecting the chest, its contents, and nearby structures.
See X-ray and Chest radiograph
Chi (letter)
Chi (uppercase Χ, lowercase χ; χῖ) is the twenty-second letter of the Greek alphabet.
Clarence Madison Dally
Clarence Madison Dally (January 8, 1865 – October 2, 1904) was an American glassblower, noted as an assistant to Thomas Edison in his work on X-rays and as an early victim of radiation dermatitis and its complications.
See X-ray and Clarence Madison Dally
Cobalt
Cobalt is a chemical element; it has symbol Co and atomic number 27.
See X-ray and Cobalt
Coin
A coin is a small object, usually round and flat, used primarily as a medium of exchange or legal tender.
See X-ray and Coin
Cold cathode
A cold cathode is a cathode that is not electrically heated by a filament.
Collimated beam
A collimated beam of light or other electromagnetic radiation has parallel rays, and therefore will spread minimally as it propagates.
Compton scattering
Compton scattering (or the Compton effect) is the quantum theory of high frequency photons scattering following an interaction with a charged particle, usually an electron.
See X-ray and Compton scattering
Conservation of energy
The law of conservation of energy states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; it is said to be ''conserved'' over time.
See X-ray and Conservation of energy
Contrast (vision)
Contrast is the difference in luminance or color that makes an object (or its representation in an image or display) visible against a background of different luminance or color.
See X-ray and Contrast (vision)
Copper
Copper is a chemical element; it has symbol Cu and atomic number 29.
See X-ray and Copper
Coronary circulation
Coronary circulation is the circulation of blood in the arteries and veins that supply the heart muscle (myocardium).
See X-ray and Coronary circulation
Coulomb
The coulomb (symbol: C) is the unit of electric charge in the International System of Units (SI).
Covalent bond
A covalent bond is a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms.
Crookes tube
A Crookes tube (also Crookes–Hittorf tube) is an early experimental electrical discharge tube, with partial vacuum, invented by English physicist William Crookes and others around 1869–1875, in which cathode rays, streams of electrons, were discovered.
Cross section (physics)
In physics, the cross section is a measure of the probability that a specific process will take place in a collision of two particles.
See X-ray and Cross section (physics)
Crystal
A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents (such as atoms, molecules, or ions) are arranged in a highly ordered microscopic structure, forming a crystal lattice that extends in all directions.
CT scan
A computed tomography scan (CT scan; formerly called computed axial tomography scan or CAT scan) is a medical imaging technique used to obtain detailed internal images of the body.
Cultural property radiography
The radiography of cultural property is the use of radiography to understand intrinsic details about objects. X-ray and cultural property radiography are radiography.
See X-ray and Cultural property radiography
Czech language
Czech (čeština), historically also known as Bohemian (lingua Bohemica), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script.
Czech Technical University in Prague
Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU) (České vysoké učení technické v Praze, ČVUT) is one of the largest universities in the Czech Republic with 8 faculties, and is one of the oldest institutes of technology in Central Europe.
See X-ray and Czech Technical University in Prague
Danish language
Danish (dansk, dansk sprog) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about six million people, principally in and around Denmark.
Dartmouth College
Dartmouth College is a private Ivy League research university in Hanover, New Hampshire.
See X-ray and Dartmouth College
Death ray
The death ray or death beam was a theoretical particle beam or electromagnetic weapon first theorized around the 1920s and 1930s.
Dental radiography
Dental radiographs, commonly known as X-rays, are radiographs used to diagnose hidden dental structures, malignant or benign masses, bone loss, and cavities.
See X-ray and Dental radiography
Detective quantum efficiency
The detective quantum efficiency (often abbreviated as DQE) is a measure of the combined effects of the signal (related to image contrast) and noise performance of an imaging system, generally expressed as a function of spatial frequency.
See X-ray and Detective quantum efficiency
Diffraction
Diffraction is the interference or bending of waves around the corners of an obstacle or through an aperture into the region of geometrical shadow of the obstacle/aperture.
Digital data
Digital data, in information theory and information systems, is information represented as a string of discrete symbols, each of which can take on one of only a finite number of values from some alphabet, such as letters or digits.
Diode
A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that conducts current primarily in one direction (asymmetric conductance).
See X-ray and Diode
Direct current
Direct current (DC) is one-directional flow of electric charge.
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
See X-ray and DNA
Dosimeter
A radiation dosimeter is a device that measures dose uptake of external ionizing radiation.
Dutch language
Dutch (Nederlands.) is a West Germanic language, spoken by about 25 million people as a first language and 5 million as a second language and is the third most spoken Germanic language.
Effective dose (radiation)
Effective dose is a dose quantity in the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) system of radiological protection. X-ray and Effective dose (radiation) are medical physics.
See X-ray and Effective dose (radiation)
Elastic scattering
Elastic scattering is a form of particle scattering in scattering theory, nuclear physics and particle physics.
See X-ray and Elastic scattering
Electric charge
Electric charge (symbol q, sometimes Q) is the physical property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field.
Electric current
An electric current is a flow of charged particles, such as electrons or ions, moving through an electrical conductor or space.
See X-ray and Electric current
Electric power
Electric power is the rate of transfer of electrical energy within a circuit.
Electromagnetic radiation
In physics, electromagnetic radiation (EMR) consists of waves of the electromagnetic (EM) field, which propagate through space and carry momentum and electromagnetic radiant energy.
See X-ray and Electromagnetic radiation
Electron
The electron (or in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle with a negative one elementary electric charge.
Electron shell
In chemistry and atomic physics, an electron shell may be thought of as an orbit that electrons follow around an atom's nucleus.
Electronvolt
In physics, an electronvolt (symbol eV), also written electron-volt and electron volt, is the measure of an amount of kinetic energy gained by a single electron accelerating through an electric potential difference of one volt in vacuum.
Elihu Thomson
Elihu Thomson (March 29, 1853 – March 13, 1937) was an English-American engineer and inventor who was instrumental in the founding of major electrical companies in the United States, the United Kingdom and France.
Elizabeth Fleischman
Elizabeth Fleischman-Aschheim (née Fleischman 5 March 1867 – August 3 1905) was an American radiographer who is considered an X-ray pioneer.
See X-ray and Elizabeth Fleischman
Emission spectrum
The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted due to electrons making a transition from a high energy state to a lower energy state.
See X-ray and Emission spectrum
Equivalent dose
Equivalent dose is a dose quantity H representing the stochastic health effects of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body which represents the probability of radiation-induced cancer and genetic damage.
Esophageal disease
Esophageal diseases can derive from congenital conditions, or they can be acquired later in life.
See X-ray and Esophageal disease
Estonian language
Estonian (eesti keel) is a Finnic language of the Uralic family.
See X-ray and Estonian language
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
The European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) is a joint research facility situated in Grenoble, France, supported by 22 countries (13 member countries: France, Germany, Italy, the UK, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, Russia; and 9 associate countries: Austria, Portugal, Israel, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia, India and South Africa).
See X-ray and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility
Explosion
An explosion is a rapid expansion in volume of a given amount of matter associated with an extreme outward release of energy, usually with the generation of high temperatures and release of high-pressure gases.
Fernando Sanford
Fernando Sanford (February 12, 1854 – May 21, 1948) was an American physicist and university professor.
See X-ray and Fernando Sanford
Fiber diffraction
Fiber diffraction is a subarea of scattering, an area in which molecular structure is determined from scattering data (usually of X-rays, electrons or neutrons).
See X-ray and Fiber diffraction
Fine-art photography
Fine-art photography is photography created in line with the vision of the photographer as artist, using photography as a medium for creative expression.
See X-ray and Fine-art photography
Finnish language
Finnish (endonym: suomi or suomen kieli) is a Finnic language of the Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland.
See X-ray and Finnish language
Flat-panel detector
Flat-panel detectors are a class of solid-state x-ray digital radiography devices similar in principle to the image sensors used in digital photography and video. X-ray and Flat-panel detector are radiography.
See X-ray and Flat-panel detector
Fluorescence
Fluorescence is one of two kinds of emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation.
Fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopy, informally referred to as "fluoro", is an imaging technique that uses X-rays to obtain real-time moving images of the interior of an object.
Frequency
Frequency (symbol f), most often measured in hertz (symbol: Hz), is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit of time.
Gallium
Gallium is a chemical element; it has the symbol Ga and atomic number 31.
Gallstone
A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder from precipitated bile components.
Gamma ray
A gamma ray, also known as gamma radiation (symbol), is a penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation arising from the radioactive decay of atomic nuclei. X-ray and gamma ray are electromagnetic spectrum and IARC Group 1 carcinogens.
Gangrene
Gangrene is a type of tissue death caused by a lack of blood supply.
Gas-filled tube
A gas-filled tube, also commonly known as a discharge tube or formerly as a Plücker tube, is an arrangement of electrodes in a gas within an insulating, temperature-resistant envelope.
George Albert Boulenger
George Albert Boulenger (19 October 1858 – 23 November 1937) was a Belgian-British zoologist who described and gave scientific names to over 2,000 new animal species, chiefly fish, reptiles, and amphibians.
See X-ray and George Albert Boulenger
Georgian language
Georgian (ქართული ენა) is the most widely spoken Kartvelian language; it serves as the literary language or lingua franca for speakers of related languages.
See X-ray and Georgian language
Gray (unit)
The gray (symbol: Gy) is the unit of ionizing radiation dose in the International System of Units (SI), defined as the absorption of one joule of radiation energy per kilogram of matter.
Hair removal
Hair removal, also known as epilation or depilation, is the deliberate removal of body hair or head hair.
Hebrew language
Hebrew (ʿÎbrit) is a Northwest Semitic language within the Afroasiatic language family.
Heinrich Hertz
Heinrich Rudolf Hertz (22 February 1857 – 1 January 1894) was a German physicist who first conclusively proved the existence of the electromagnetic waves predicted by James Clerk Maxwell's equations of electromagnetism.
Henry Moseley
Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (23 November 1887 – 10 August 1915) was an English physicist, whose contribution to the science of physics was the justification from physical laws of the previous empirical and chemical concept of the atomic number.
Hermann von Helmholtz
Hermann Ludwig Ferdinand von Helmholtz (31 August 1821 – 8 September 1894) was a German physicist and physician who made significant contributions in several scientific fields, particularly hydrodynamic stability.
See X-ray and Hermann von Helmholtz
Hertz
The hertz (symbol: Hz) is the unit of frequency in the International System of Units (SI), equivalent to one event (or cycle) per second.
See X-ray and Hertz
High-energy X-rays
High-energy X-rays or HEX-rays are very hard X-rays, with typical energies of 80–1000 keV (1 MeV), about one order of magnitude higher than conventional X-rays used for X-ray crystallography (and well into gamma-ray energies over 120 keV). X-ray and high-energy X-rays are x-rays.
See X-ray and High-energy X-rays
Hot cathode
In vacuum tubes and gas-filled tubes, a hot cathode or thermionic cathode is a cathode electrode which is heated to make it emit electrons due to thermionic emission.
Humphry Davy
Sir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet, (17 December 177829 May 1829) was a British chemist and inventor who invented the Davy lamp and a very early form of arc lamp.
Hungarian language
Hungarian is a Uralic language of the proposed Ugric branch spoken in Hungary and parts of several neighbouring countries.
See X-ray and Hungarian language
Hybrid pixel detector
Hybrid pixel detectors are a type of ionizing radiation detector consisting of an array of diodes based on semiconductor technology and their associated electronics.
See X-ray and Hybrid pixel detector
Icelandic language
Icelandic (íslenska) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family spoken by about 314,000 people, the vast majority of whom live in Iceland, where it is the national language.
See X-ray and Icelandic language
Imaging
Imaging is the representation or reproduction of an object's form; especially a visual representation (i.e., the formation of an image).
Implant (medicine)
An implant is a medical device manufactured to replace a missing biological structure, support a damaged biological structure, or enhance an existing biological structure.
See X-ray and Implant (medicine)
Indium
Indium is a chemical element; it has symbol In and atomic number 49.
See X-ray and Indium
Induction coil
An induction coil or "spark coil" (archaically known as an inductorium or Ruhmkorff coil after Heinrich Rühmkorff) is a type of electrical transformer used to produce high-voltage pulses from a low-voltage direct current (DC) supply.
Industrial computed tomography
Industrial computed tomography (CT) scanning is any computer-aided tomographic process, usually X-ray computed tomography, that uses irradiation to produce three-dimensional internal and external representations of a scanned object.
See X-ray and Industrial computed tomography
Industrial radiography
Industrial radiography is a modality of non-destructive testing that uses ionizing radiation to inspect materials and components with the objective of locating and quantifying defects and degradation in material properties that would lead to the failure of engineering structures. X-ray and Industrial radiography are radiography.
See X-ray and Industrial radiography
Inelastic scattering
In chemistry, nuclear physics, and particle physics, inelastic scattering is a process in which the internal states of a particle or a system of particles changes after a collision.
See X-ray and Inelastic scattering
Interacting galaxy
Interacting galaxies (colliding galaxies) are galaxies whose gravitational fields result in a disturbance of one another.
See X-ray and Interacting galaxy
International Agency for Research on Cancer
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC; Centre International de Recherche sur le Cancer, CIRC) is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organization of the United Nations.
See X-ray and International Agency for Research on Cancer
International System of Units
The International System of Units, internationally known by the abbreviation SI (from French Système international d'unités), is the modern form of the metric system and the world's most widely used system of measurement.
See X-ray and International System of Units
Ionization
Ionization (or ionisation specifically in Britain, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand) is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons, often in conjunction with other chemical changes.
Ionization chamber
The ionization chamber is the simplest type of gaseous ionisation detector, and is widely used for the detection and measurement of many types of ionizing radiation, including X-rays, gamma rays, alpha particles and beta particles.
See X-ray and Ionization chamber
Ionizing radiation
Ionizing radiation (US, ionising radiation in the UK), including nuclear radiation, consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that have sufficient energy to ionize atoms or molecules by detaching electrons from them.
See X-ray and Ionizing radiation
Ivan Puluj
Ivan Pavlovych Puluj (Іван Павлович Пулюй,; Johann Puluj; 2 February 1845 – 31 January 1918) was a Ukrainian physicist and inventor, who has been championed as an early developer of the use of X-rays for medical imaging.
Ivan Tarkhanov (physiologist)
Ivan Romanovich Tarkhanov (Иван Романович Тарханов) or Ivane Tarkhnishvili (ივანე რამაზის–ძე თარხნიშვილი, თარხან-მოურავი; June 1846 – September 1908) was a Georgian physiologist and science populariser from the Tarkhan-Mouravi noble family.
See X-ray and Ivan Tarkhanov (physiologist)
John Ambrose Fleming
Sir John Ambrose Fleming FRS (29 November 1849 – 18 April 1945) was an English electrical engineer and physicist who invented the first thermionic valve or vacuum tube, designed the radio transmitter with which the first transatlantic radio transmission was made, and also established the right-hand rule used in physics.
See X-ray and John Ambrose Fleming
John Hall-Edwards
John Francis Hall-Edwards FRSE (19 December 1858 – 15 August 1926) was a British medical doctor and pioneer in the medical use of X-rays in the United Kingdom.
See X-ray and John Hall-Edwards
Joule
The joule (pronounced, or; symbol: J) is the unit of energy in the International System of Units (SI).
See X-ray and Joule
Kidney stone disease
Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract.
See X-ray and Kidney stone disease
Klein–Nishina formula
In particle physics, the Klein–Nishina formula gives the differential cross section (i.e. the "likelihood" and angular distribution) of photons scattered from a single free electron, calculated in the lowest order of quantum electrodynamics.
See X-ray and Klein–Nishina formula
Latvian language
Latvian (latviešu valoda), also known as Lettish, is an East Baltic language belonging to the Indo-European language family.
See X-ray and Latvian language
Lawrence Bragg
Sir William Lawrence Bragg, (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure.
Lead white
Lead white is a thick, opaque, and heavy white pigment composed primarily of basic lead carbonate,, with a crystalline molecular structure.
Light
Light, visible light, or visible radiation is electromagnetic radiation that can be perceived by the human eye. X-ray and light are electromagnetic spectrum.
See X-ray and Light
Linear no-threshold model
The linear no-threshold model (LNT) is a dose-response model used in radiation protection to estimate stochastic health effects such as radiation-induced cancer, genetic mutations and teratogenic effects on the human body due to exposure to ionizing radiation.
See X-ray and Linear no-threshold model
Linear polarization
In electrodynamics, linear polarization or plane polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a confinement of the electric field vector or magnetic field vector to a given plane along the direction of propagation.
See X-ray and Linear polarization
Lithuanian language
Lithuanian is an East Baltic language belonging to the Baltic branch of the Indo-European language family.
See X-ray and Lithuanian language
Macintyre's X-Ray Film
Macintyre's X-Ray Film is an 1896 documentary radiography film directed by Scottish medical doctor John Macintyre. X-ray and Macintyre's X-Ray Film are x-rays.
See X-ray and Macintyre's X-Ray Film
Malignancy
Malignancy is the tendency of a medical condition to become progressively worse; the term is most familiar as a characterization of cancer.
Marie Curie
Maria Salomea Skłodowska-Curie (7 November 1867 – 4 July 1934), known simply as Marie Curie, was a Polish and naturalised-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity.
Materials science
Materials science is an interdisciplinary field of researching and discovering materials.
See X-ray and Materials science
Max von Laue
Max Theodor Felix von Laue (9 October 1879 – 24 April 1960) was a German physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1914 for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals.
Mayo Clinic
Mayo Clinic is a nonprofit American academic medical center focused on integrated health care, education, and research.
Medical diagnosis
Medical diagnosis (abbreviated Dx, Dx, or Ds) is the process of determining which disease or condition explains a person's symptoms and signs.
See X-ray and Medical diagnosis
Medical imaging
Medical imaging is the technique and process of imaging the interior of a body for clinical analysis and medical intervention, as well as visual representation of the function of some organs or tissues (physiology). X-ray and medical imaging are medical physics.
Medscape
Medscape is a website providing access to medical information for clinicians and medical scientists; the organization also provides continuing education for physicians and other health professionals.
Metonymy
Metonymy is a figure of speech in which a concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept.
Mica
Micas are a group of silicate minerals whose outstanding physical characteristic is that individual mica crystals can easily be split into extremely thin elastic plates.
See X-ray and Mica
Michael Faraday
Michael Faraday (22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
Microscope
A microscope is a laboratory instrument used to examine objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
Mihajlo Pupin
Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin (Михајло Идворски Пупин,; October 4, 1858Although Pupin's birth year is sometimes given as 1854 (and Serbia and Montenegro issued a postage stamp in 2004 to commemorate the 150th anniversary of his birth), peer-reviewed sources list his birth year as 1858.
Molybdenum
Molybdenum is a chemical element; it has symbol Mo (from Neo-Latin molybdaenum) and atomic number 42.
Momentum
In Newtonian mechanics, momentum (momenta or momentums; more specifically linear momentum or translational momentum) is the product of the mass and velocity of an object.
Moseley's law
Moseley's law is an empirical law concerning the characteristic X-rays emitted by atoms. X-ray and Moseley's law are x-rays.
Movie camera
A movie camera (also known as a film camera and cine-camera) is a type of photographic camera that rapidly takes a sequence of photographs, either onto film stock or an image sensor, in order to produce a moving image to display on a screen.
Muscle
Muscle is a soft tissue, one of the four basic types of animal tissue.
See X-ray and Muscle
N-ray
N-rays (or N rays) were a hypothesized form of radiation described by French physicist Prosper-René Blondlot in 1903. X-ray and n-ray are x-rays.
See X-ray and N-ray
Nachlass
Nachlass (older spelling Nachlaß) is a German word, used in academia to describe the collection of manuscripts, notes, correspondence, and so on left behind when a scholar dies.
Nanometre
molecular scale. The nanometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: nm), or nanometer (American spelling), is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to one billionth (short scale) of a meter (0.000000001 m) and to 1000 picometres.
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the U.S. federal government responsible for the civil space program, aeronautics research, and space research.
See X-ray and NASA
Nature (journal)
Nature is a British weekly scientific journal founded and based in London, England.
See X-ray and Nature (journal)
Neutron radiation
Neutron radiation is a form of ionizing radiation that presents as free neutrons. X-ray and neutron radiation are IARC Group 1 carcinogens and ionizing radiation.
See X-ray and Neutron radiation
Neutron star
A neutron star is the collapsed core of a massive supergiant star.
Nikola Tesla
Nikola Tesla (. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.,; 1856 – 7 January 1943) was a Serbian-American engineer, futurist, and inventor.
Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is an annual award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who have made the most outstanding contributions to mankind in the field of physics.
See X-ray and Nobel Prize in Physics
Nova
A nova (novae or novas) is a transient astronomical event that causes the sudden appearance of a bright, apparently "new" star (hence the name "nova", Latin for "new") that slowly fades over weeks or months.
See X-ray and Nova
Nuclear medicine
Nuclear medicine, or nucleology, is a medical specialty involving the application of radioactive substances in the diagnosis and treatment of disease. X-ray and Nuclear medicine are medical physics.
See X-ray and Nuclear medicine
Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb), producing a nuclear explosion.
Nucleic acid double helix
In molecular biology, the term double helix refers to the structure formed by double-stranded molecules of nucleic acids such as DNA.
See X-ray and Nucleic acid double helix
NuSTAR
NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array, also named Explorer 93 and SMEX-11) is a NASA space-based X-ray telescope that uses a conical approximation to a Wolter telescope to focus high energy X-rays from astrophysical sources, especially for nuclear spectroscopy, and operates in the range of 3 to 79 keV.
See X-ray and NuSTAR
NYPD X-ray vans
The New York City Police Department is reported to have a number of military-grade X-ray vans that contain X-ray equipment for inspecting vehicles. X-ray and NYPD X-ray vans are radiography.
Oncology
Oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the study, treatment, diagnosis, and prevention of cancer.
Order of magnitude
An order of magnitude is an approximation of the logarithm of a value relative to some contextually understood reference value, usually 10, interpreted as the base of the logarithm and the representative of values of magnitude one.
See X-ray and Order of magnitude
Outer space
Outer space (or simply space) is the expanse that exists beyond Earth's atmosphere and between celestial bodies.
Palliative care
Palliative care (derived from the Latin root, or 'to cloak') is an interdisciplinary medical caregiving approach aimed at optimizing quality of life and mitigating suffering among people with serious, complex, and often terminal illnesses.
Pan-American Exposition
The Pan-American Exposition was a World's Fair held in Buffalo, New York, United States, from May 1 through November 2, 1901.
See X-ray and Pan-American Exposition
Particle accelerator
A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies to contain them in well-defined beams.
See X-ray and Particle accelerator
Particle-induced X-ray emission
Particle-induced X-ray emission or proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) is a technique used for determining the elemental composition of a material or a sample.
See X-ray and Particle-induced X-ray emission
Pathology
Pathology is the study of disease and injury.
Paul Peter Ewald
Paul Peter Ewald, FRS (January23, 1888August22, 1985) was a German crystallographer and physicist, a pioneer of X-ray diffraction methods.
See X-ray and Paul Peter Ewald
Penetration depth
Penetration depth is a measure of how deep light or any electromagnetic radiation can penetrate into a material.
See X-ray and Penetration depth
Pentimento
In painting, a; from the verb, meaning 'to repent'; plural pentimenti) is "the presence or emergence of earlier images, forms, or strokes that have been changed and painted over". Sometimes the English form "pentiment" is used, especially in older sources.
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Phase-contrast X-ray imaging or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images.
See X-ray and Phase-contrast X-ray imaging
Philipp Lenard
Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard (Lénárd Fülöp Eduárd Antal; 7 June 1862 – 20 May 1947) was a Hungarian-born German physicist and the winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1905 for his work on cathode rays and the discovery of many of their properties.
Phosphorescence
Phosphorescence is a type of photoluminescence related to fluorescence.
Photoelectric effect
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a material caused by electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet light.
See X-ray and Photoelectric effect
Photographic film
Photographic film is a strip or sheet of transparent film base coated on one side with a gelatin emulsion containing microscopically small light-sensitive silver halide crystals.
See X-ray and Photographic film
Photographic plate
Photographic plates preceded photographic film as a capture medium in photography. X-ray and photographic plate are radiography.
See X-ray and Photographic plate
Photon
A photon is an elementary particle that is a quantum of the electromagnetic field, including electromagnetic radiation such as light and radio waves, and the force carrier for the electromagnetic force.
See X-ray and Photon
Photon energy
Photon energy is the energy carried by a single photon. X-ray and photon energy are electromagnetic spectrum.
Photostimulated luminescence
Photostimulated luminescence (PSL) is the release of stored energy within a phosphor by stimulation with visible light, to produce a luminescent signal. X-ray and Photostimulated luminescence are radiography and x-rays.
See X-ray and Photostimulated luminescence
Physical Review
Physical Review is a peer-reviewed scientific journal established in 1893 by Edward Nichols.
Picometre
The picometre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; SI symbol: pm) or picometer (American spelling) is a unit of length in the International System of Units (SI), equal to, or one trillionth of a metre, which is the SI base unit of length.
Pigment
A pigment is a powder used to add color or change visual appearance.
Plasma (physics)
Plasma is one of four fundamental states of matter (the other three being solid, liquid, and gas) characterized by the presence of a significant portion of charged particles in any combination of ions or electrons.
See X-ray and Plasma (physics)
Platinocyanide
Platinocyanide, also known as tetracyanoplatinate (IUPAC), cyanoplatinate, or platinocyanate, is a polyatomic ion with the molecular formula 2−.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung primarily affecting the small air sacs known as alveoli.
Polish language
Polish (język polski,, polszczyzna or simply polski) is a West Slavic language of the Lechitic group within the Indo-European language family written in the Latin script.
Portuguese language
Portuguese (português or, in full, língua portuguesa) is a Western Romance language of the Indo-European language family originating from the Iberian Peninsula of Europe.
See X-ray and Portuguese language
Presidency of George W. Bush
George W. Bush's tenure as the 43rd president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 2001, and ended on January 20, 2009.
See X-ray and Presidency of George W. Bush
Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan's tenure as the 40th president of the United States began with his first inauguration on January 20, 1981, and ended on January 20, 1989.
See X-ray and Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Princeton University
Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey.
See X-ray and Princeton University
Projectional radiography
Projectional radiography, also known as conventional radiography, is a form of radiography and medical imaging that produces two-dimensional images by X-ray radiation. X-ray and Projectional radiography are radiography.
See X-ray and Projectional radiography
Pulmonary edema
Pulmonary edema (British English: oedema), also known as pulmonary congestion, is excessive fluid accumulation in the tissue or air spaces (usually alveoli) of the lungs.
Rad (radiation unit)
The rad is a unit of absorbed radiation dose, defined as 1 rad.
See X-ray and Rad (radiation unit)
Radiant energy
In physics, and in particular as measured by radiometry, radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic and gravitational radiation.
Radiation
In physics, radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium.
Radiation burn
A radiation burn is a damage to the skin or other biological tissue and organs as an effect of radiation.
Radiation implosion
Radiation implosion is the compression of a target by the use of high levels of electromagnetic radiation.
See X-ray and Radiation implosion
Radiation protection
Radiation protection, also known as radiological protection, is defined by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) as "The protection of people from harmful effects of exposure to ionizing radiation, and the means for achieving this". X-ray and radiation protection are ionizing radiation.
See X-ray and Radiation protection
Radiation therapist
A radiation therapist, therapeutic radiographer or radiotherapist is an allied health professional who works in the field of radiation oncology.
See X-ray and Radiation therapist
Radiation therapy
Radiation therapy or radiotherapy (RT, RTx, or XRT) is a treatment using ionizing radiation, generally provided as part of cancer therapy to either kill or control the growth of malignant cells. X-ray and radiation therapy are medical physics.
See X-ray and Radiation therapy
Radiation-induced cancer
Exposure to ionizing radiation is known to increase the future incidence of cancer, particularly leukemia.
See X-ray and Radiation-induced cancer
Radioactive decay
Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation.
See X-ray and Radioactive decay
Radiocontrast agent
Radiocontrast agents are substances used to enhance the visibility of internal structures in X-ray-based imaging techniques such as computed tomography (contrast CT), projectional radiography, and fluoroscopy.
See X-ray and Radiocontrast agent
Radiodensity
Radiodensity (or radiopacity) is opacity to the radio wave and X-ray portion of the electromagnetic spectrum: that is, the relative inability of those kinds of electromagnetic radiation to pass through a particular material. X-ray and Radiodensity are radiography.
Radiographer
Radiographers, also known as radiologic technologists, diagnostic radiographers and medical radiation technologists are healthcare professionals who specialise in the imaging of human anatomy for the diagnosis and treatment of pathology. X-ray and radiographer are radiography.
Radiography
Radiography is an imaging technique using X-rays, gamma rays, or similar ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation to view the internal form of an object. X-ray and Radiography are x-rays.
Radiology
Radiology is the medical specialty that uses medical imaging to diagnose diseases and guide their treatment, within the bodies of humans and other animals. X-ray and Radiology are medical physics.
Rayleigh scattering
Rayleigh scattering, named after the 19th-century British physicist Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt), is the predominantly elastic scattering of light, or other electromagnetic radiation, by particles with a size much smaller than the wavelength of the radiation.
See X-ray and Rayleigh scattering
Reflection (physics)
Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an interface between two different media so that the wavefront returns into the medium from which it originated.
See X-ray and Reflection (physics)
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) is an advanced X-ray spectroscopy technique.
See X-ray and Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
Rhenium
Rhenium is a chemical element; it has symbol Re and atomic number 75.
Rhodopsin
Rhodopsin, also known as visual purple, is a protein encoded by the RHO gene and a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR).
Roentgen (unit)
The roentgen or röntgen (symbol R) is a legacy unit of measurement for the exposure of X-rays and gamma rays, and is defined as the electric charge freed by such radiation in a specified volume of air divided by the mass of that air (statcoulomb per kilogram).
Roentgen equivalent man
The roentgen equivalent man (rem) is a CGS unit of equivalent dose, effective dose, and committed dose, which are dose measures used to estimate potential health effects of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body. X-ray and roentgen equivalent man are Wilhelm Röntgen.
See X-ray and Roentgen equivalent man
Roentgen stereophotogrammetry
Roentgen stereophotogrammetry (RSA) is a highly accurate technique for the assessment of three-dimensional migration and micromotion of a joint replacement prosthesis relative to the bone it is attached to.
See X-ray and Roentgen stereophotogrammetry
Rosalind Franklin
Rosalind Elsie Franklin (25 July 192016 April 1958) was a British chemist and X-ray crystallographer whose work was central to the understanding of the molecular structures of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), viruses, coal, and graphite.
See X-ray and Rosalind Franklin
Royal Society
The Royal Society, formally The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, is a learned society and the United Kingdom's national academy of sciences.
Runaway electrons
The term runaway electrons (RE) is used to denote electrons that undergo free fall acceleration into the realm of relativistic particles.
See X-ray and Runaway electrons
San Francisco Examiner
The San Francisco Examiner is a newspaper distributed in and around San Francisco, California, and has been published since 1863.
See X-ray and San Francisco Examiner
Scattering
In physics, scattering is a wide range of physical processes where moving particles or radiation of some form, such as light or sound, are forced to deviate from a straight trajectory by localized non-uniformities (including particles and radiation) in the medium through which they pass.
Scheelite
Scheelite is a calcium tungstate mineral with the chemical formula CaWO4.
Science (journal)
Science, also widely referred to as Science Magazine, is the peer-reviewed academic journal of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) and one of the world's top academic journals.
See X-ray and Science (journal)
Scientific literature
Scientific literature encompasses a vast body of academic papers that spans various disciplines within the natural and social sciences.
See X-ray and Scientific literature
Septic shock
Septic shock is a potentially fatal medical condition that occurs when sepsis, which is organ injury or damage in response to infection, leads to dangerously low blood pressure and abnormalities in cellular metabolism.
Shoe-fitting fluoroscope
Shoe-fitting fluoroscopes, also sold under the names X-ray Shoe Fitter, Pedoscope and Foot-o-scope, were X-ray fluoroscope machines installed in shoe stores from the 1920s until about the 1970s in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Australia, South Africa, Germany and Switzerland.
See X-ray and Shoe-fitting fluoroscope
Sievert
The sievert (symbol: SvPlease note there are two non-SI units that use the same Sv abbreviation: the sverdrup and svedberg.) is a unit in the International System of Units (SI) intended to represent the stochastic health risk of ionizing radiation, which is defined as the probability of causing radiation-induced cancer and genetic damage.
Silver
Silver is a chemical element; it has symbol Ag (derived from Proto-Indo-European ''*h₂erǵ'')) and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and reflectivity of any metal. The metal is found in the Earth's crust in the pure, free elemental form ("native silver"), as an alloy with gold and other metals, and in minerals such as argentite and chlorargyrite.
See X-ray and Silver
Skull
The skull is a bone protective cavity for the brain.
See X-ray and Skull
Slovak language
Slovak (endonym: slovenčina or slovenský jazyk), is a West Slavic language of the Czech–Slovak group, written in Latin script.
Slovene language
Slovene or Slovenian (slovenščina) is a South Slavic language of the Balto-Slavic branch of the Indo-European language family.
See X-ray and Slovene language
Small-angle X-ray scattering
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a small-angle scattering technique by which nanoscale density differences in a sample can be quantified.
See X-ray and Small-angle X-ray scattering
Soft tissue
Soft tissue connects and surrounds or supports internal organs and bones, and includes muscle, tendons, ligaments, fat, fibrous tissue, lymph and blood vessels, fasciae, and synovial membranes.
Spectrometer
A spectrometer is a scientific instrument used to separate and measure spectral components of a physical phenomenon.
Spectrum (physical sciences)
In the physical sciences, the term spectrum was introduced first into optics by Isaac Newton in the 17th century, referring to the range of colors observed when white light was dispersed through a prism.
See X-ray and Spectrum (physical sciences)
Stane Jagodič
Stane Jagodič (born 15 June 1943) is a Slovenian painter, photographer, caricaturist, and author.
Stanford University
Stanford University (officially Leland Stanford Junior University) is a private research university in Stanford, California.
See X-ray and Stanford University
Star
A star is a luminous spheroid of plasma held together by self-gravity.
See X-ray and Star
Statcoulomb
The franklin (Fr), statcoulomb (statC), or electrostatic unit of charge (esu) is the unit of measurement for electrical charge used in the centimetre–gram–second electrostatic units variant (CGS-ESU) and Gaussian systems of units.
Sternum
The sternum (sternums or sterna) or breastbone is a long flat bone located in the central part of the chest.
Strategic Defense Initiative
The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), was a proposed missile defense system intended to protect the United States from attack by ballistic nuclear missiles.
See X-ray and Strategic Defense Initiative
Streamer discharge
In electromagnetism, a streamer discharge, also known as filamentary discharge, is a type of transient electric discharge which forms at the surface of a conductive electrode carrying a high voltage in an insulating medium such as air.
See X-ray and Streamer discharge
Surface science
Surface science is the study of physical and chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid–gas interfaces.
Swedish language
Swedish (svenska) is a North Germanic language from the Indo-European language family, spoken predominantly in Sweden and in parts of Finland.
See X-ray and Swedish language
Synchrotron
A synchrotron is a particular type of cyclic particle accelerator, descended from the cyclotron, in which the accelerating particle beam travels around a fixed closed-loop path.
Synchrotron radiation
Synchrotron radiation (also known as magnetobremsstrahlung radiation) is the electromagnetic radiation emitted when relativistic charged particles are subject to an acceleration perpendicular to their velocity.
See X-ray and Synchrotron radiation
Talbot effect
The Talbot effect is a diffraction effect first observed in 1836 by Henry Fox Talbot.
Terrestrial gamma-ray flash
A terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF), also known as dark lightning, is a burst of gamma rays produced in Earth's atmosphere.
See X-ray and Terrestrial gamma-ray flash
Tesla coil
A Tesla coil is an electrical resonant transformer circuit designed by inventor Nikola Tesla in 1891.
The X-Rays
The X-Rays (also known as The X-Ray Fiend) is an 1897 British silent comic trick film directed by George Albert Smith, featuring a courting couple exposed to X-rays. X-ray and The X-Rays are x-rays.
Thermonuclear weapon
A thermonuclear weapon, fusion weapon or hydrogen bomb (H bomb) is a second-generation nuclear weapon design.
See X-ray and Thermonuclear weapon
Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison (February 11, 1847October 18, 1931) was an American inventor and businessman.
Three-dimensional space
In geometry, a three-dimensional space (3D space, 3-space or, rarely, tri-dimensional space) is a mathematical space in which three values (coordinates) are required to determine the position of a point.
See X-ray and Three-dimensional space
Tissue (biology)
In biology, tissue is an assembly of similar cells and their extracellular matrix from the same embryonic origin that together carry out a specific function.
See X-ray and Tissue (biology)
Tomography
Tomography is imaging by sections or sectioning that uses any kind of penetrating wave.
Tooth decay
Tooth decay, also known as cavities or caries,The word 'caries' is a mass noun, and is not a plural of 'carie'. is the breakdown of teeth due to acids produced by bacteria.
Transmittance
In optical physics, transmittance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in transmitting radiant energy.
Triboelectric effect
The triboelectric effect (also known as triboelectricity, triboelectric charging, triboelectrification, or tribocharging) describes electric charge transfer between two objects when they contact or slide against each other.
See X-ray and Triboelectric effect
Triboluminescence
Triboluminescence is a phenomenon in which light is generated when a material is mechanically pulled apart, ripped, scratched, crushed, or rubbed (see tribology).
See X-ray and Triboluminescence
Tungsten
Tungsten (also called wolfram) is a chemical element; it has symbol W and atomic number 74.
Turkish language
Turkish (Türkçe, Türk dili also Türkiye Türkçesi 'Turkish of Turkey') is the most widely spoken of the Turkic languages, with around 90 to 100 million speakers.
See X-ray and Turkish language
Ukrainian language
Ukrainian (label) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family spoken primarily in Ukraine.
See X-ray and Ukrainian language
Ultraviolet
Ultraviolet (UV) light is electromagnetic radiation of wavelengths of 10–400 nanometers, shorter than that of visible light, but longer than X-rays. X-ray and Ultraviolet are electromagnetic spectrum.
Underdrawing
Underdrawing is a preparatory drawing done on a painting ground before paint is applied, for example, an imprimatura or an underpainting.
United States national missile defense
National missile defense (NMD) refers to the nationwide antimissile program the United States has had in development since the 1990s.
See X-ray and United States national missile defense
Universe
The universe is all of space and time and their contents.
University of Birmingham
The University of Birmingham (informally Birmingham University) is a public research university in Birmingham, England.
See X-ray and University of Birmingham
Vacuum
A vacuum (vacuums or vacua) is space devoid of matter.
See X-ray and Vacuum
Vacuum tube
A vacuum tube, electron tube, valve (British usage), or tube (North America) is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied.
Vanderbilt University
Vanderbilt University (informally Vandy or VU) is a private research university in Nashville, Tennessee.
See X-ray and Vanderbilt University
Video camera
A video camera is an optical instrument that captures videos, as opposed to a movie camera, which records images on film.
Vincent van Gogh
Vincent Willem van Gogh (30 March 185329 July 1890) was a Dutch Post-Impressionist painter who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art.
See X-ray and Vincent van Gogh
Volt
The volt (symbol: V) is the unit of electric potential, electric potential difference (voltage), and electromotive force in the International System of Units (SI).
See X-ray and Volt
Voltage
Voltage, also known as (electrical) potential difference, electric pressure, or electric tension is the difference in electric potential between two points.
Wavelength
In physics and mathematics, wavelength or spatial period of a wave or periodic function is the distance over which the wave's shape repeats.
Würzburg
Würzburg (Main-Franconian: Wörtzburch) is, after Nuremberg and Fürth, the third-largest city in Franconia located in the north of Bavaria.
Welding
Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, primarily by using high temperature to melt the parts together and allow them to cool, causing fusion. X-ray and Welding are IARC Group 1 carcinogens.
Wiggler (synchrotron)
A wiggler is an insertion device in a synchrotron.
See X-ray and Wiggler (synchrotron)
Wilhelm Röntgen
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (27 March 184510 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the inaugural Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
William D. Coolidge
William David Coolidge (October 23, 1873 – February 3, 1975) was an American physicist and engineer, who made major contributions to X-ray machines.
See X-ray and William D. Coolidge
William Francis Magie
William Francis Magie (1858–1943) was an American physicist, a founder of the American Physical Society (president from 1910 to 1912) and the first professor of physics at Princeton University, where he had graduated (class valedictorian, 1879) and where he served for two decades as dean of the faculty.
See X-ray and William Francis Magie
William Henry Bragg
Sir William Henry Bragg (2 July 1862 – 12 March 1942) was an English physicist, chemist, mathematician, and active sportsman who uniquelyThis is still a unique accomplishment, because no other parent-child combination has yet shared a Nobel Prize (in any field).
See X-ray and William Henry Bragg
William J. Morton
William James Morton (July 3, 1845 – March 26, 1920) was a United States physician, an authority in electrotherapeutics.
See X-ray and William J. Morton
William Lofland Dudley
William Lofland Dudley (April 16, 1859 – September 8, 1914) was an American chemistry professor at both the University of Cincinnati and Vanderbilt University and an athletics pioneer during the Progressive Era.
See X-ray and William Lofland Dudley
William Morgan (actuary)
William Morgan, FRS (26 May OS? 1750 – 4 May 1833) was a British physician, physicist and statistician, who is considered the father of modern actuarial science.
See X-ray and William Morgan (actuary)
World War I
World War I (alternatively the First World War or the Great War) (28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918) was a global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies (or Entente) and the Central Powers.
X-ray absorption spectroscopy
X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a widely used technique for determining the local geometric and/or electronic structure of matter. X-ray and x-ray absorption spectroscopy are x-rays.
See X-ray and X-ray absorption spectroscopy
X-ray astronomy
X-ray astronomy is an observational branch of astronomy which deals with the study of X-ray observation and detection from astronomical objects. X-ray and x-ray astronomy are x-rays.
X-ray crystallography
X-ray crystallography is the experimental science of determining the atomic and molecular structure of a crystal, in which the crystalline structure causes a beam of incident X-rays to diffract in specific directions. X-ray and x-ray crystallography are x-rays.
See X-ray and X-ray crystallography
X-ray diffraction
X-ray diffraction is a generic term for phenomena associated with changes in the direction of X-ray beams due to interactions with the electrons around atoms. X-ray and x-ray diffraction are x-rays.
See X-ray and X-ray diffraction
X-ray filter
An X-ray filter (or compensating filter) is a device placed in front of an X-ray source in order to reduce the intensity of particular wavelengths from its spectrum and selectively alter the distribution of X-ray wavelengths within a given beam before reaching the image receptor. X-ray and x-ray filter are x-rays.
X-ray fluorescence
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by being bombarded with high-energy X-rays or gamma rays. X-ray and x-ray fluorescence are x-rays.
See X-ray and X-ray fluorescence
X-ray image intensifier
An X-ray image intensifier (XRII) is an image intensifier that converts X-rays into visible light at higher intensity than the more traditional fluorescent screens can. X-ray and x-ray image intensifier are radiography and x-rays.
See X-ray and X-ray image intensifier
X-ray laser
An X-ray laser can be created by several methods either in hot, dense plasmas or as a free-electron laser in an accelerator. X-ray and x-ray laser are x-rays.
X-ray machine
An X-ray machine is a device that uses X-rays for a variety of applications including medicine, X-ray fluorescence, electronic assembly inspection, and measurement of material thickness in manufacturing operations. X-ray and x-ray machine are radiography.
X-ray marker
X-ray Markers, also known as: anatomical side markers, Pb markers, lead markers, x-ray lead markers, or radiographic film identification markers, are used to mark x-ray films, both in hospitals and in industrial workplaces (such as on aeroplane parts and motors). X-ray and x-ray marker are radiography.
X-ray microscope
An X-ray microscope uses electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray band to produce magnified images of objects. X-ray and x-ray microscope are x-rays.
See X-ray and X-ray microscope
X-ray nanoprobe
The hard X-ray nanoprobe at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), Argonne National Lab advanced the state of the art by providing a hard X-ray microscopy beamline with the highest spatial resolution in the world. X-ray and x-ray nanoprobe are x-rays.
X-ray optics
X-ray optics is the branch of optics that manipulates X-rays instead of visible light. X-ray and x-ray optics are radiography and x-rays.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface-sensitive quantitative spectroscopic technique that measures the very topmost 200 atoms, 0.01 um, 10 nm of any surface.
See X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray reflectivity
X-ray reflectivity (sometimes known as X-ray specular reflectivity, X-ray reflectometry, or XRR) is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used in chemistry, physics, and materials science to characterize surfaces, thin films and multilayers.
See X-ray and X-ray reflectivity
X-ray spectroscopy
X-ray spectroscopy is a general term for several spectroscopic techniques for characterization of materials by using x-ray radiation.
See X-ray and X-ray spectroscopy
X-ray tube
An X-ray tube is a vacuum tube that converts electrical input power into X-rays.
X-ray vision
In science fiction stories or superhero comics, X-ray vision is the supernatural ability to see through normally opaque physical objects at the discretion of the holder of this superpower.
X-ray welding
X-ray welding is an experimental welding process that uses a high powered X-ray source to provide thermal energy required to weld materials.
Zoological Society of London
The Zoological Society of London (ZSL) is a charity devoted to the worldwide conservation of animals and their habitats.
See X-ray and Zoological Society of London
1785 in science
The year 1785 in science and technology involved some significant events.
1875 in science
The year 1875 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1877 in science
The year 1877 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1886 in science
The year 1886 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1888 in science
The year 1888 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1889 in science
The year 1889 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1894 in science
The year 1894 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1895 in science
The year 1895 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1896 in science
The year 1896 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1904 in science
The year 1904 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1912 in science
The year 1912 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1913 in science
The year 1913 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1914 in science
The year 1914 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
1917 in science
The year 1917 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
See also
1895 in Germany
- 1895 in Germany
- Bioscop
- Bocholt disaster
- Fischer–Speier esterification
- Hampson–Linde cycle
- Lilienthal Large Biplane
- Triple Intervention
- X-ray
1895 in science
- 1895 in archaeology
- 1895 in birding and ornithology
- 1895 in paleontology
- 1895 in science
- Fischer–Speier esterification
- Hampson–Linde cycle
- List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1895
- X-ray
Electromagnetic spectrum
- Atmospheric window
- Blue light spectrum
- Cargo scanning
- Electromagnetic spectrum
- Gamma ray
- Gamma rays
- H band (infrared)
- Infrared
- Infrared vision
- Infrared window
- K band (infrared)
- L band (infrared)
- Light
- Liquid droplet radiator
- M band (infrared)
- Microwave
- Optical radiation
- Optical spectrum
- Optical window
- Personal RF safety monitor
- Photomixing
- Photon energy
- Radio spectrum
- Radio spectrum pollution
- Radio wave
- Radio window
- Radio-frequency engineering
- Spectral band
- Terahertz radiation
- Terahertz technology
- Ultraviolet
- Ultraviolet radiation
- VNIR
- Visible spectrum
- Water hole (radio)
- Water vapor windows
- X-ray
- X-rays
Ionizing radiation
- Alpha particle
- Anode ray
- Background radiation
- Beta particle
- Bragg peak
- Cosmic ray
- History of spectroscopy
- Ionizing radiation
- Neutron radiation
- Oxygen effect
- Phytosanitary irradiation
- Radiation protection
- Radioactivity
- X-ray
- X-rays
Wilhelm Röntgen
References
Also known as Border control x-ray, Frank Austin and the Frost brothers, HX photons, Hard X-ray, Hard X-rays, History of X-ray technology, Petahertz radiation, Radio diagnostics, Roentgen Rays, Roentgen radiation, Roentgen ray, Rontgen Rays, Röntgen radiation, Röntgen ray, Röntgen field, SX photons, Soft X-ray, Soft X-rays, X - ray, X Ray, X radiation, X rays, X wave, X waves, X+rays, X-Ray Spectrum, X-Rays, X-radiation, X-radiograph, X-ray dye, X-ray generation, X-ray photo, X-ray radiation, X-ray safety, X-ray scanner, X-ray technology, X-rayed, X-raying, X-waves, XRAY, Xrays, X—ray.
, Cold cathode, Collimated beam, Compton scattering, Conservation of energy, Contrast (vision), Copper, Coronary circulation, Coulomb, Covalent bond, Crookes tube, Cross section (physics), Crystal, CT scan, Cultural property radiography, Czech language, Czech Technical University in Prague, Danish language, Dartmouth College, Death ray, Dental radiography, Detective quantum efficiency, Diffraction, Digital data, Diode, Direct current, DNA, Dosimeter, Dutch language, Effective dose (radiation), Elastic scattering, Electric charge, Electric current, Electric power, Electromagnetic radiation, Electron, Electron shell, Electronvolt, Elihu Thomson, Elizabeth Fleischman, Emission spectrum, Equivalent dose, Esophageal disease, Estonian language, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Explosion, Fernando Sanford, Fiber diffraction, Fine-art photography, Finnish language, Flat-panel detector, Fluorescence, Fluoroscopy, Frequency, Gallium, Gallstone, Gamma ray, Gangrene, Gas-filled tube, George Albert Boulenger, Georgian language, Gray (unit), Hair removal, Hebrew language, Heinrich Hertz, Henry Moseley, Hermann von Helmholtz, Hertz, High-energy X-rays, Hot cathode, Humphry Davy, Hungarian language, Hybrid pixel detector, Icelandic language, Imaging, Implant (medicine), Indium, Induction coil, Industrial computed tomography, Industrial radiography, Inelastic scattering, Interacting galaxy, International Agency for Research on Cancer, International System of Units, Ionization, Ionization chamber, Ionizing radiation, Ivan Puluj, Ivan Tarkhanov (physiologist), John Ambrose Fleming, John Hall-Edwards, Joule, Kidney stone disease, Klein–Nishina formula, Latvian language, Lawrence Bragg, Lead white, Light, Linear no-threshold model, Linear polarization, Lithuanian language, Macintyre's X-Ray Film, Malignancy, Marie Curie, Materials science, Max von Laue, Mayo Clinic, Medical diagnosis, Medical imaging, Medscape, Metonymy, Mica, Michael Faraday, Microscope, Mihajlo Pupin, Molybdenum, Momentum, Moseley's law, Movie camera, Muscle, N-ray, Nachlass, Nanometre, NASA, Nature (journal), Neutron radiation, Neutron star, Nikola Tesla, Nobel Prize in Physics, Nova, Nuclear medicine, Nuclear weapon, Nucleic acid double helix, NuSTAR, NYPD X-ray vans, Oncology, Order of magnitude, Outer space, Palliative care, Pan-American Exposition, Particle accelerator, Particle-induced X-ray emission, Pathology, Paul Peter Ewald, Penetration depth, Pentimento, Phase-contrast X-ray imaging, Philipp Lenard, Phosphorescence, Photoelectric effect, Photographic film, Photographic plate, Photon, Photon energy, Photostimulated luminescence, Physical Review, Picometre, Pigment, Plasma (physics), Platinocyanide, Pneumonia, Polish language, Portuguese language, Presidency of George W. Bush, Presidency of Ronald Reagan, Princeton University, Projectional radiography, Pulmonary edema, Rad (radiation unit), Radiant energy, Radiation, Radiation burn, Radiation implosion, Radiation protection, Radiation therapist, Radiation therapy, Radiation-induced cancer, Radioactive decay, Radiocontrast agent, Radiodensity, Radiographer, Radiography, Radiology, Rayleigh scattering, Reflection (physics), Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, Rhenium, Rhodopsin, Roentgen (unit), Roentgen equivalent man, Roentgen stereophotogrammetry, Rosalind Franklin, Royal Society, Runaway electrons, San Francisco Examiner, Scattering, Scheelite, Science (journal), Scientific literature, Septic shock, Shoe-fitting fluoroscope, Sievert, Silver, Skull, Slovak language, Slovene language, Small-angle X-ray scattering, Soft tissue, Spectrometer, Spectrum (physical sciences), Stane Jagodič, Stanford University, Star, Statcoulomb, Sternum, Strategic Defense Initiative, Streamer discharge, Surface science, Swedish language, Synchrotron, Synchrotron radiation, Talbot effect, Terrestrial gamma-ray flash, Tesla coil, The X-Rays, Thermonuclear weapon, Thomas Edison, Three-dimensional space, Tissue (biology), Tomography, Tooth decay, Transmittance, Triboelectric effect, Triboluminescence, Tungsten, Turkish language, Ukrainian language, Ultraviolet, Underdrawing, United States national missile defense, Universe, University of Birmingham, Vacuum, Vacuum tube, Vanderbilt University, Video camera, Vincent van Gogh, Volt, Voltage, Wavelength, Würzburg, Welding, Wiggler (synchrotron), Wilhelm Röntgen, William D. Coolidge, William Francis Magie, William Henry Bragg, William J. Morton, William Lofland Dudley, William Morgan (actuary), World War I, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray astronomy, X-ray crystallography, X-ray diffraction, X-ray filter, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray image intensifier, X-ray laser, X-ray machine, X-ray marker, X-ray microscope, X-ray nanoprobe, X-ray optics, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray reflectivity, X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray tube, X-ray vision, X-ray welding, Zoological Society of London, 1785 in science, 1875 in science, 1877 in science, 1886 in science, 1888 in science, 1889 in science, 1894 in science, 1895 in science, 1896 in science, 1904 in science, 1912 in science, 1913 in science, 1914 in science, 1917 in science.