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Raugust, Wallachia, Wallachian Revolution of 1848, Wedding in Bessarabia, Werthein family, Werthein Group, Western Moldavia, Wilhelm Filderman, Wilhering Abbey, World War I, World War II, World War II by country, World War II casualties, World War II evacuation and expulsion, XVII Army Corps (Wehrmacht), Yakov Tikhai, Yankev Shternberg, Yehuda Leib Maimon, Yehuda Leib Tsirelson, Yeshayahu Sheinfeld, Yevgenia Bosch, Yiddish dialects, Yulia Sister, Yulia Tsibulskaya, Yuri Alexandrovich Orlov, Yvonne Jospa, Z'ev ben Shimon Halevi, Zaidee Jackson, Zaim, Căușeni, Zamfir Arbore, Zamfir Munteanu, Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zatoka, Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi, Zgurița, Zigu Ornea, Zrubavel Gilad, 1290, 14th Jazlowiec Uhlan Regiment, 1810s, 1812, 1834, 1887 in poetry, 1891 in science, 1918, 1936 in Mandatory Palestine, 1940s, 1962 in Israel, 1980 in Israel, 1986 Vrancea earthquake, 1st Infantry Regiment (Greece), 1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment, 2005 in Israel, 2015–16 protests in Moldova, 2nd Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union), 3rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division (Soviet Union), 3rd Legions' Infantry Regiment, 4th Rifle Division (Poland), 5/42 Evzone Regiment. 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A. de Herz

Adolf Edmund George de Herz, commonly shortened to A. de Herz, also rendered as Hertz and Herț (December 15, 1887 – March 9, 1936), was a Romanian playwright and literary journalist, also active as a poet, short story author, and stage actor.

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Abba P. Lerner

Abraham (Abba) Ptachya Lerner (also Abba Psachia Lerner; 28 October 1903 – 27 October 1982) was a Russian-born British economist.

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Abraham Baratz

Abraham Baratz (14 September 1895, Bessarabia – 1975, Paris) was a Romanian–French chess master.

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Abram Pinkenson

Abram Vladimirovich "Musya" Pinkenson (December 5, 1930, Bălți, Bessarabia, Romania (today Moldova) - November 1942, Ust-Labinsk, Krasnodar Krai, USSR (today Russia)) was a Soviet pioneer and schoolboy who was shot by the German occupying forces in 1942.

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Action of 9 July 1941

The Action of 9 July 1941 was a naval engagement between the Soviet and Romanian navies during World War II, taking place near the Romanian port-city of Mangalia.

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Adevărul

Adevărul (meaning "The Truth", formerly spelled Adevĕrul) is a Romanian daily newspaper, based in Bucharest.

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Administrative divisions of Romania

Romania's administration is relatively centralized and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified.

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Administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Romania (1941–44)

This article discusses the administrative divisions of the Kingdom of Romania between 1941 and 1944.

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Administrative divisions of the Ukrainian SSR

During its existence from 1919 to 1991, the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic consisted of many administrative divisions.

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Administrative divisions of Transnistria

The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as Transnistrian Republic) is subdivided into five raions (Russian names are listed in parentheses).

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Afanasie Chiriac

Afanasie Chiriac (25 February 1891 - 21 October 1977, Iaşi) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Aftermath of World War I

The aftermath of World War I saw drastic political, cultural, economic, and social change across Eurasia (Europe and Asia), Africa, and even in areas outside those that were directly involved.

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Aharon Cohen

Aharon Cohen (אהרון כהן; 1980–1910) was a senior member of Mapam, a pro-USSR Israeli political party which existed during the first two decades of statehood.

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Aharon Davidi

Aharon Davidi (1927 – February 11, 2012) was an Israeli general and founder of the Sar-El volunteer program of the IDF.

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Al. T. Stamatiad

Al.

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Alberto Portugheis

Alberto Portugheis is a pianist, born on January 1, 1941, in La Plata, Argentina, to parents of Russian and Romanian descent.

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Aleksandar Malinov

Aleksandar Pavlov Malinov (Александър Павлов Малинов) (3 May 1867 – 20 March 1938) was a leading Bulgarian politician who served as Prime Minister on three occasions.

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Alexander Goldenweiser (composer)

Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser (or Goldenveyzer; Алекса́ндр Бори́сович Гольденве́йзер; 26 November 1961), PAU, was a Soviet and Russian pianist, teacher and composer.

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Alexander Gorchakov

Alexander Mikhailovich Gorchakov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Горчако́в), (15 July 179811 March 1883) was a Russian diplomat and statesman from the Gorchakov princely family.

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Alexander I of Serbia

Alexander I or Aleksandar Obrenović (Александар Обреновић; 14 August 187611 June 1903) was king of Serbia from 1889 to 1903 when he and his wife, Queen Draga, were assassinated by a group of Army officers, led by Captain Dragutin Dimitrijević.

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Alexander Isaakovich Gelman

Alexander Isaakovich Gelman (Алекса́ндр Исаа́кович Ге́льман; born 25 October 1933 in Donduşeni), original given name Shunya (Шу́ня), is a Bessarabian-born Soviet and Russian playwright, writer, and screenwriter.

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Alexander Karađorđević, Prince of Serbia

Aleksandar Karađorđević (Cyrillic: Александар Карађорђевић; 11 October 1806 – 3 May 1885) was the prince of Serbia between 1842 and 1858.

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Alexander Kipnis

Alexander Kipnis (– May 14, 1978) was a Ukrainian-born operatic bass.

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Alexander Loesch

Alexander von Loesch was a Bessarabian politician.

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Alexander Nikolaevich Deutsch

Alexander Nikolaevich Deutsch (Aleksandr Nikolaevič Dejč; Александр Николаевич Дейч; December 31, 1900 or January 1, 1901 – 22 November 1986) was a Soviet astronomer who worked at Pulkovo Observatory.

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Alexander Ossovsky

Alexander Vyacheslavovich Ossovsky (Александр Вячеславович Оссовский, July 31, 1957) was a renowned Russian musical writer, critic and musicologist, professor at Saint Petersburg Conservatory, pupil of Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, and friend of Sergei Rachmaninoff, Alexander Siloti and Nikolai Tcherepnin.

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Alexander Schmidt (politician)

Alexander Schmidt (1879–1937) was a Bessarabian politician, mayor of Chişinău between 1917 and 1918.

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Alexander Stroganov

Alexander Grigoriyevich Stroganov (Алекса́ндр Григо́рьевич Стро́ганов; 11 January 1796 – 14 August 1891) was Russia's minister of the interior from 1839 to 1841 and then a member of the State Council from 1849.

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Alexander Suvorov

Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov (Алекса́ндр Васи́льевич Суво́ров, r Aleksandr Vasil‘evich Suvorov; or 1730 –) was a Russian military leader, considered a national hero.

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Alexander Ulanovsky

Alexander Petrovich Ulanovsky (a.k.a. Ulrich, William Joseph Berman, Bill Berman, Felik, Long Man, Nathan Sherman) (1891–1970) was the chief illegal "rezident" for Soviet Military Intelligence (GRU), who was rezident the United States from 1931 until 1934 and later, with his family, prisoner in the Soviet gulag.

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Alexander Veltman

Alexander Fomich Veltman (Алекса́ндр Фоми́ч Ве́льтман) (&mdash) was one of the most successful Russian prose writers of the 1830s and 1840s, "popular for various modes of Romantic fiction — historical, Gothic, fantastic, and folkloristic".

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Alexander Vertinsky

Alexander Nikolayevich Vertinsky (Алекса́ндр Никола́евич Верти́нский, 21 March 1889 in Kiev — 21 May 1957 in Leningrad, Aleksander Wertyński) was a Russian and Soviet artist, poet, singer, composer, cabaret artist and actor of Ukrainian origin who exerted seminal influence on the Russian tradition of artistic singing.

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Alexandra Remenco

Alexandra Scodigor-Remenco (1897–1959) was a Romanian educator from Chişinău, Bessarabia.

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Alexandrina Cantacuzino

Alexandrina "Didina" Cantacuzino (born Alexandrina Pallady, also known as Alexandrina Grigore Cantacuzino; Francized Alexandrine Cantacuzène; September 20, 1876 – late 1944) was a Romanian political activist, philanthropist and diplomat, one of her country's leading feminists in the 1920s and '30s.

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Alexandros Kantakouzinos

Alexandru Cantacuzino-Deleanu or Alexandros Kantakouzinos (Αλέξανδρος Καντακουζηνός: 1787 in Iași, Moldavia – 1841 in Athens, Greece) was a Phanariote Romanian-Greek magnate and politician.

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Alexandru Averescu

Alexandru Averescu (3 April 1859 – 2 October 1938) was a Romanian marshal and populist politician.

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Alexandru Baltagă

Alexandru Baltagă (April 14, 1861 - August 7, 1941) was a Bessarabian Romanian Orthodox priest, a founder of the Bessarabian religious press in the Romanian language, a member of Sfatul Ţării (1917–1918), a Soviet political prisoner, and, according to the Orthodox Church, a martyr for the faith.

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Alexandru Bassarab

Alexandru Bassarab, or Basarab (August 7, 1907 – July 8, 1941), was a Romanian painter, engraver, and fascist politician.

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Alexandru Bârlădeanu

Alexandru Bârlădeanu (or Bîrlădeanu; 25 January 1911 – 13 November 1997) was a Romanian Marxian economist who was prominent during the Communist regime until being sidelined in 1968.

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Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești

Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești (born Alexandru Bogdan, also known as Ion Doican, Ion Duican and Al. Dodan; June 13, 1870 – May 12, 1922) was a Romanian Symbolist poet, essayist, and art and literary critic, who was also known as a journalist and left-wing political agitator.

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Alexandru Cisar

Alexandru Theodor Cisar (21 October 1880 – 7 January 1954) was a Romanian cleric, bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Iaşi and archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Bucharest.

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Alexandru Cotruță

Alexandru Mutei Cotruţă (1828–1905) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Alexandru Șerbănescu

Alexandru "Alecu" Şerbănescu (17 May 1912 in Coloneşti, Olt County – 18 August 1944 in Ruşavăţ, Buzău County) was a leading Romanian fighter pilot and flying ace in World War II.

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Alexandru Groapă

Alexandru Groapă (14 August 1879, Chirileni - 1940) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Alexandru Hâjdeu

Alexandru Hâjdeu (Алекса́ндр Фадде́евич Хижде́у, 30 November 1811 – 9 November 1872) was a Russian writer of Romanian origin, who lived in Bessarabia (Russian Empire).

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Alexandru Hrisoverghi

Alexandru Hrisoverghi (February 27, 1811 – March 9, 1837) was a Moldavian Romanian-language poet and translator, whose work was influenced by Romanticism.

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Alexandru Lapedatu

Alexandru I. Lapedatu (born September 14, 1876, Cernatu Săcelelor, Austria-Hungary - d. August 30, 1950, Sighetu Marmatiei, Romania) was Cults and Arts and State minister of Romania; President of the Senate of Romania;, and its and General Secretary.

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Alexandru Macedonski

Alexandru Macedonski (also rendered as Al. A. Macedonski, Macedonschi or Macedonsky; March 14, 1854 – November 24, 1920) was a Romanian poet, novelist, dramatist and literary critic, known especially for having promoted French Symbolism in his native country, and for leading the Romanian Symbolist movement during its early decades.

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Alexandru Mironov

Alexandru Mironov (born 27 January 1942) is a Romanian science-fiction writer, journalist, and left-wing politician.

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Alexandru Moraru

Alexandru Moraru was a Bessarabian politician.

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Alexandru Nicolau

Alexandru Nicolau (Александр Александрович Николау; January 1889 – September 27, 1937) was a Romanian lawyer, socialist and later communist activist.

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Alexandru Robot

Alexandru Robot (born Alter Rotmann,Călinescu, p.902, in Realitatea Evreiască, Nr. 245 (1045), January–February 2006, p.13 also known as Al. Robot; Moldovan Cyrillic: Александру Робот; January 15, 1916 – ca. 1941) was a Romanian, Moldovan and Soviet poet, also known as a novelist and journalist.

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Alexăndreni

Alexăndreni is a commune in Sîngerei District, Moldova.

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Alexe

Alexe is a Romanian given name and family name that may refer to.

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Alexei Mateevici

Alexe (or Alexei) Mateevici (or; March 27, 1888 – August 24, 1917) was one of the most prominent Romanian poets in Bessarabia.

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Alexis Nour

Alexis Nour (born Alexei Vasile Nour,Gheorghe G. Bezviconi, Necropola Capitalei, Nicolae Iorga Institute of History, Bucharest, 1972, p.203 also known as Alexe Nour, Alexie Nour, As. Nr.;, National Library of Moldova, Chișinău, 2008, p.455 Алексе́й Ноур, Aleksey Nour; 1877–1940) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian journalist, activist and essayist, known for his advocacy of Romanian-Bessarabian union and his critique of the Russian Empire, but also for controversial political dealings.

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Alla Bayanova

Alla Nikolayevna Bayanova (Алла Николаевна Баянова; 18 May 1914 – 30 August 2011) was a Russian Romance singer sometimes compared with Édith Piaf for her simple yet dramatic style of performance.

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Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War

The Allied intervention was a multi-national military expedition launched during the Russian Civil War in 1918.

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Amicii URSS

Amicii URSS (Romanian for " Friends of the Soviet Union";, occasionally known as Prietenii URSS, which carries the same meaning) was a cultural association in interwar Romania, uniting left-wing and anti-fascist intellectuals who advocated a détente between their country and Joseph Stalin's Soviet Union (at a time when Greater Romania, which included Bessarabia and all of Bukovina, was engaged in a diplomatic conflict with the Soviets).

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An Unforgettable Summer

An Unforgettable Summer (Un été inoubliable; O vară de neuitat) is a 1994 drama film directed and produced by Lucian Pintilie.

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Ana Pauker

Ana Pauker (born Hannah Rabinsohn; 13 December 1893 – 3 June 1960) was a Romanian communist leader and served as the country's foreign minister in the late 1940s and early 1950s.

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Anarchism in Transnistria

Such as it is, anarchism in Transnistria has short but certainly extant history.

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Anastasius (Gribanovsky)

Metropolitan Anastasius (secular name Alexander Alexeyevich Gribanovsky, Александр Алексеевич Грибановский; August 6, 1873 - May 22, 1965) was a hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church and the second First Hierarch of the Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia.

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Anatol E. Baconsky

Anatol E. Baconsky (June 16, 1925 – March 4, 1977), also known as A. E. Bakonsky, Baconschi or Baconski, was a Romanian modernist poet, essayist, translator, novelist, publisher, literary and art critic.

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Anatolie Moraru

Anatolie Moraru (born 1894) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Anatolie Popa

Anatolie Popa (Анатолий Васильевич Попа, Anatoliy Vasilievich Popa; March 15, 1896 – June 25, 1920) was a Bessarabian-born military commander active during World War I and the Russian Revolution and Civil War, one of the organisers of the Moldavian armed resistance against the advancing Romanian troops in January 1918.

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Anatoly Tikhai

Father Anatoly Tikhai was a Romanian hieromonk who came to Japan in the early 1870s to assist Fr.

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André Hossein

André Hossein, born Aminoullah Husseinov, also known as Aminollah Hossein (Persian: امین الله حسین; Аминулла Гусейнов 1905, in Samarkand – 9 August 1983, in Paris) was a French composer of Persian origin and a tar soloist.

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Andrei Găină

Andrei Găină was a Bessarabian politician.

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Andrei Hodorogea

Andrei Hodorogea (1878, Slobozia-Hodorogea - 20 August 1917, Chişinău) was a politician from Bessarabia.

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Andrei Lupan

Andrei Lupan (15 February 1912, Mihuleni - 24 August 1992, Chişinău) was a writer, politician, and chairman of Moldovan Writers' Union (1946–1955; 1958–1961).

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Andrei Scobioală

Andrei Scobioală (born 17 November 1884 in Coşeni) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Anenii Noi District

Anenii Noi District (Raionul Anenii Noi) is a district (raion) in the central part of Moldova.

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Angel Kanchev

Angel Kanchev Angelov (Ангел Кънчев Ангелов) (1850 – 5 March 1872) was a Bulgarian revolutionary from Tryavna.

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Anghel Nour

Anghel Nour was a Bessarabian politician.

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Anna Tumarkin

Anna Tumarkin (А́нна-Э́стер Паўлаўна Тума́ркін, אנה-אסתר פבלובנה טומרקין, 16 February 1875 – 7 August 1951) was a Russian-born, naturalized Swiss academic, who was the first woman to become a professor of philosophy at the University of Bern.

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Anthem of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

The State Anthem of the Moldavian SSR was the national anthem of Moldova when it was a republic of the Soviet Union and was known as the Moldavian SSR.

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Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire

Anti-Jewish pogroms in the Russian Empire (Еврейские погромы в России; (הסופות בנגב ha-sufot ba-negev; lit. "the storms in the South") were large-scale, targeted, and repeated anti-Jewish rioting that first began in the 19th century. Pogroms began occurring after the Russian Empire, which previously had very few Jews, acquired territories with large Jewish populations from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during 1791–1835. These territories were designated "the Pale of Settlement" by the Imperial Russian government, within which Jews were reluctantly permitted to live, and it was within them that the pogroms largely took place. Most Jews were forbidden from moving to other parts of the Empire, unless they converted to the Russian Orthodox state religion.

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Anti-Romanian sentiment

Anti-Romanian sentiment or Romanophobia (antiromânism, românofobie) is hostility toward or prejudice against Romanians as an ethnic, linguistic, religious, or perceived racial group, and can range from individual hatred to institutionalized, violent persecution.

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Anti-Russian sentiment

Anti-Russian sentiment or Russophobia is a diverse spectrum of negative feelings, dislikes, fears, aversion, derision and/or prejudice of Russia, Russians or Russian culture.

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Anton Caraiman

Anton Caraiman (Caraman) (1879,, Pohrebeniafter 1918) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Anton Crihan

Anton Crihan (July 10, 1893, Sîngerei- January 9, 1993, St. Louis, Mo) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Anton Golopenția

Anton Golopenția (May 12, 1909–September 9, 1951) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian sociologist.

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Anton Kisse

Anton Ivanovich Kisse is a Ukrainian politician, former member of Party of Regions and current president of the Association of Bulgarians of Ukraine.

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Anton Pann

Anton Pann (born Antonie Pantoleon-Petroveanu, and also mentioned as Anton Pantoleon or Petrovici; 1790s—2 November 1854) was an Ottoman-born Wallachian composer, musicologist, and Romanian-language poet, also noted for his activities as a printer, translator, and schoolteacher.

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Antonie Plămădeală

Antonie Plămădeală (17 November 1926 in Stolniceni, Lăpușna County, Bessarabia, Kingdom of Romania – 29 August 2005 in Sibiu) was a high-level hierarch of the Romanian Orthodox Church, the Orthodox Metropolitan of Transylvania (1982–2005).

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Antonios Papadakis

Antonios Papadakis (1810–1878) was a Greek merchant from Lassithi Plateau on the island of Crete.

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April 19

No description.

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April 1918

The following events occurred in April 1918.

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Arcadie Osmolovschi

Arcadie D. Osmolovschi (1882–1933) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Arcașii lui Ștefan

National Organization of Bessarabia "Arcaşii lui Ştefan" (Romanian:Organizaţia Naţională din Basarabia "Arcaşii lui Ştefan") was one of the organized anti-Soviet groups in Bessarabia.

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Ariadna Scriabina

Ariadna Aleksandrovna Scriabina (Ариадна Александровна Скрябина; also Sarah Knut, née Ariadna Alexandrovna Schletzer, pseudonym Régine; 26 October 1905 – 22 July 1944) was a Russian poet and activist of the French Resistance, who co-founded the Zionist resistance group Armée Juive.

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Ariel Dorfman

Vladimiro Ariel Dorfman (born May 6, 1942) is an Argentine-Chilean-American novelist, playwright, essayist, academic, and human rights activist.

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Armata Neagră

Armata Neagră (Black Army) was an organized anti-Soviet group in the Moldovan SSR (Bessarabia).

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Armenians in Moldova

Armenians in Moldova are the ethnic Armenians that live in Moldova.

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Arsenius Stadnitsky

Metropolitan Arsenius (Митрополит Арсений, secular name Avksenty Georgievich Stadnitsky; 3 February 1862, Komarovo, Bessarabia – 10 February 1936, Tashkent) was a Soviet Eastern Orthodox prelate who helped lead the church in the late Imperial and early Soviet periods.

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Artsyz Raion

Artsyz Raion (Арцизький район) is a raion (district) in Odessa Oblast of Ukraine.

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Artur Văitoianu

Artur or Arthur Văitoianu (14 April 1864 in Izmail – 17 June 1956) was a Romanian general who served as a Prime Minister of Romania for about two months in 1919 (27 September – 30 November).

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Athanaric's Wall

Athanaric's Wall, also called Lower Trajan's Wall or Southern Trajan's Wall, was a fortification line probably erected by Athanaric (the king of the Thervingi), between the banks of river Gerasius (modern Prut) and the Danube to the land of Taifali (modern Oltenia).

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Athanasios Sekeris

Athanasios Sekeris was a Greek merchant and a prominent member of Filiki Eteria.

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August 1917

The following events occurred in August 1917.

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Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate

The Autocephalous Turkish Orthodox Patriarchate (Bağımsız Türk Ortodoks Patrikhanesi), also referred to as the Turkish Orthodox Church (Türk Ortodoks Kilisesi), is an unrecognised Orthodox Christian denomination, with strong influences from Turkish nationalist ideology.

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Aviation in Moldova

Aviation has been a part of Moldovan society since the early 20th century.

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Avraham Granot

Avraham Granot (אברהם גרנות, born Abraham Granovsky; 18 June 1890 – 5 July 1962) was a Zionist activist, Israeli politician and a signatory of the Israeli declaration of independence.

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Avram Steuerman-Rodion

Avram Steuerman-Rodion, born Adolf Steuerman or Steuermann and often referred to as just Rodion (November 30, 1872 – September 19, 1918), was a Romanian poet, anthologist, physician and socialist journalist.

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Axis powers

The Axis powers (Achsenmächte; Potenze dell'Asse; 枢軸国 Sūjikukoku), also known as the Axis and the Rome–Berlin–Tokyo Axis, were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.

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Aytos

Aytos (Айтос), sometimes written Aitos and Ajtos, is a town located in eastern Bulgaria some 30 kilometers from the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast and belonging to the administrative boundaries of Burgas Province.

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Čolak-Anta

Antonije "Anta" Simeonović, known as Čolak-Anta (Чолак-Анта Симеоновић; 1777–1853) was a Serbian commander (vojvoda), one of the most important figures of the First Serbian Uprising.

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Background of the occupation of the Baltic states

The background of the occupation of the Baltic states covers the period before the first Soviet occupation on 14 June 1940, stretching from independence in 1918 to the Soviet ultimatums in 1939–1940.

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Bahá'í Faith in Moldova

The Bahá'í Faith in Moldova began during the policy of oppression of religion in the former Soviet Union.

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Baruch Kamin

Baruch Kamin (ברוך קמין, born 15 April 1914, died 10 July 1988) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for Mapai from 1953 until 1955.

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Basarab I of Wallachia

Basarab I, also known as Basarab the Founder (Basarab Întemeietorul), was a voivode, and later the first independent ruler of Wallachia who lived in the first half of the.

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Basarabeasca District

Basarabeasca is a district (raion) in the south of Moldova, with the administrative center at Basarabeasca.

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Basarabia (newspaper)

Basarabia was the first Romanian language newspaper to be published in Bessarabian guberniya of the Russian Empire in 1906-1907.

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Basarbovo

Basarbovo (Басарбово) is a village in Northeast Bulgaria, in the Municipality of Ruse.

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Bastarnae

The Bastarnae (Latin variants: Bastarni, or Basternae; Βαστάρναι or Βαστέρναι) were an ancient people who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited the region between the Carpathian mountains and the river Dnieper, to the north and east of ancient Dacia.

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Battle of Balaclava

The Battle of Balaclava, fought on 25 October 1854 during the Crimean War, was part of Siege of Sevastopol (1854–1855) to capture the port and fortress of Sevastopol, Russia's principal naval base on the Black Sea.

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Battle of Kinburn (1855)

The Battle of Kinburn was a combined land-naval engagement during the final stage of the Crimean War.

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Battle of Leitzersdorf

The Battle of Leitzersdorf was a battle between the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in 1484. Fuelled by the earlier conflicts of Matthias Corvinus and Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor it marked the end of anti-Ottoman preparations and initiations of a holy war. It was the only open field battle of the Austro-Hungarian War, and the defeat meant – in long terms – the loss of the Archduchy of Austria for the Holy Roman Empire.

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Battle of Rarańcza

The Battle of Rarańcza was fought between Polish Legionnaires, and Austria-Hungary, from February 15 to 16, 1918, near Rarańcza in Bukovina, and ended with a Polish victory.

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Batushansky

Batushansky (Батушанский, Batuşanschi, Batusanschi, באטושאנסקי) is a surname that originates from Bessarabia (present day Moldova) and literally means "of Batushany".

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Bălți County (Romania)

Bălți County was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania between 1925 and 1938, with the seat at Bălți.

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Bălți Steppe

Bălți Steppe (Stepa Bălțului), also Beltsy Steppe (Бельцкая степь) is a hilly area with few trees (apart from those near rivers Dniestr, Răut and numerous lakes and creeks), dominated by agriculturally cultivated land, and occasionally by grasses and shrubs, in the northern part of Moldova.

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Bărăgan deportations

The Bărăgan deportations (Deportările în Bărăgan) were a large-scale action of penal transportation, undertaken during the 1950s by the Romanian Communist regime.

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Be'er Tuvia

Be'er Tuvia (בְּאֵר טוֹבִיָּה, Be'er Toviya, "Tuvia's Well") is a moshav in the Southern District of Israel.

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Belz

Belz (Белз; Bełz ; בעלז &thinsp) is a small city in Sokal Raion of Lviv Oblast (region) of Western Ukraine, near the border with Poland, is located between the Solokiya river (a tributary of the Bug River) and the Rzeczyca stream.

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Ben Gold

Benjamin Gold (1898–1985) was an American labor leader who used his Communist party base to control the International Fur Workers Union.

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Bender Uprising

The Bendery Uprising of 1919 was an armed uprising by Bolsheviks and their working-class allies in the city of Bendery.

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Bender, Moldova

Bender, Monitorul Oficial al Republicii Moldova, no.

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Benjamin Disraeli

Benjamin Disraeli, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield, (21 December 1804 – 19 April 1881) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who twice served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom.

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Bennie the Howl

Bennie the Howl (Benya Krik) is a 1926 Soviet film directed by Vladimir Vilner and starring Yuri Shemskya as Benya Krik.

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Bernard Levin

Henry Bernard Levin CBE (19 August 1928 – 7 August 2004) was an English journalist, author and broadcaster, described by The Times as "the most famous journalist of his day".

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Bershad

Bershad (Бершадь, translit., Bershad’; Berşad) is a town in the Vinnytsia Oblast (province) of western Ukraine.

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Besarabsky Market

The Besarabsky Market (Бесарабський ринок, Besarabs'kyi rynok), also referred to as the Besarabka (Бесарабка), is an indoor market located in the center of Kiev on the Bessarabska Square at the southwest end of the city's main thoroughfare, the Khreshchatyk.

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Bessarabia (disambiguation)

Bessarabia is a historical term for the geographic region in Eastern Europe bounded by the Dniester River on the east and the Prut River on the west.

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Bessarabia Germans

The Bessarabia Germans (Bessarabiendeutsche, Germani basarabeni, Бессарабські німці) were an ethnic group who lived in Bessarabia (today part of the Republic of Moldova and south-western Ukraine) between 1814 and 1940.

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Bessarabia in Romania–Soviet Union relations

The issue of Bessarabia in Romania–Soviet Union relations was originally avoided in the 1950s, but as Romania began to distance itself from the Soviet Union, the issue of Bessarabia was brought up in Romanian public discourse (especially in a historical context) whenever relations between the two countries soured.

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Bessarabian Bulgarians

The Bessarabian Bulgarians (бесарабски българи, besarabski bǎlgari, bulgari basarabeni) are a Bulgarian minority group of the historical region of Bessarabia, inhabiting parts of present-day Ukraine (Odessa Oblast) and Moldova.

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Bessarabian Peasants' Party

The Bessarabian Peasants' Party (Partidul Țărănesc din Basarabia, PȚB, also Partidul Țărănesc Basarabean, Partidul Țărănist Basarabean) or Moldavian National Democratic Party (Partidul Național-Democrat Moldovenesc) was an agrarian political party, active in the Kingdom of Romania and, more specifically, the region of Bessarabia.

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Bessarabian rugs and carpets

Bessarabian rugs and carpets are the commonly given name for rugs in pile and tapestry technique originating in Russian provinces as well as Ukraine and Moldova during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

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Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Bessarabian Soviet Socialist Republic or Bessarabian SSR (Бессарабская Советская Социалистическая Республика, Бессарабская ССР) was a failed attempt of the Soviet Russia to establish its control over territory of historical Bessarabia in 1919.

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Bessarabska Square

The Bessarabska Square (Бессарабська площа, Bessarabs'ka ploscha) is a square located at the southwest end of Khreshchatyk, the main thoroughfare of Kiev, the capital of Ukraine.

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Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi

Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (Білгород-Дністровський, Cetatea Albă), formerly known as Akkerman (see naming section below), is a city and port situated on the right bank of the Dniester Liman (on the Dniester estuary leading to the Black Sea) in Odessa Oblast of southwestern Ukraine, in the historical region of Bessarabia.

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Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion

Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion (Білгород-Дністровський район) is a raion (district) in Odessa Oblast of Ukraine.

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Blockade of Germany (1939–1945)

The Blockade of Germany (1939–1945), also known as the Economic War, was carried out during World War II by the United Kingdom and France in order to restrict the supplies of minerals, metals, food and textiles needed by Nazi Germany - and later Fascist Italy - in order to sustain their war efforts.

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Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu

Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu (26 February 1838 &ndash) was a Romanian writer and philologist, who pioneered many branches of Romanian philology and history.

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Bolgrad palace bombing

The Bolgrad palace bombing occurred on 13 December 1921 when a bomb was thrown into Siguranța palace located in Bolgrad, Romania, resulting in the deaths of 100 soldiers and police officers.

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Bolhrad

Bolhrad (Болград Bolhrad; Bulgarian and Болград Bolgrad; Bolgrad), also known by its Russian name Bolgrad, is a small city in Odessa Oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine, in the historical region of Budjak.

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Bolhrad Raion

Bolhrad Raion (Болградський район) is a raion (district) in Odessa Oblast of Ukraine.

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Boris Dorfman

Boris (Boruch) Mendelevich Dorfman Борис (Борух) Менделевич Дорфман באָריס (ברוך) דאָרפמאַן; born 23 May 1923, in Cahul, Bessarabia) was a Jewish public figure, writer, scholar of Jewish culture, and social activist. He authored about 1000 articles on Jewish issues in Yiddish, Russian, Ukrainian, Polish and German for publications including Birobidzhaner Shtern and Советиш Геймланд. One of the founders of Shofar, the first Jewish newspaper in the former USSR. He was the father of American publicist Michael Dorfman.

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Boris Epure

Boris Epure (1882 in Chișinău, Russian Empire – December 12, 1938 in Chișinău, Kingdom of Romania) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Boris Kriukow

Boris Kriukow was born on January 19, 1895 in Orhiyiv, Bessarabia (now Moldova).

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Boris Leskin

Boris Leskin (born January 5, 1923) is a Soviet and American film and theater actor.

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Boris Levenson

Boris Levenson (Loewensohn) (1884-1947) was a Russian-born American composer.

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Boris Trakhtenbrot

Boris (Boaz) Avraamovich Trakhtenbrot (Борис Авраамович Трахтенброт; 19 February 1921 – 19 September 2016), or Boaz (Boris) Trakhtenbrot (בועז טרכטנברוט) was an Israeli and Russian mathematician in mathematical logic, algorithms, theory of computation, and cybernetics.

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Boris Tsirelson

Boris Semyonovich Tsirelson (בוריס סמיונוביץ' צירלסון, Борис Семенович Цирельсон) is a Russian–Israeli mathematician and Professor of Mathematics in the Tel Aviv University in Israel.

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Boris Zakhoder

Boris Vladimirovich Zakhoder (Бори́с Влади́мирович Заходе́р; 9 September 1918, Kagul, Bessarabia — 7 November 2000, Moscow, Russia) was a Russian poet and children's writer.

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Bosnian crisis

The Bosnian crisis of 1908–09, also known as the Annexation crisis or the First Balkan Crisis, erupted when on 8 October 1908, Austria-Hungary announced the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, territories formally within the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire.

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Braćevac

Braćevac is a village in the municipality of Negotin, Serbia.

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Briceni

Briceni (Moldovan Cyrillic: Бричень; Yiddish: Brichon, Russian: Brichany) is a city in northern Moldova.

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Briceni District

Briceni is a district (raion) in the north-west of Moldova, with the administrative center at Briceni.

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Bridge of Flowers (event)

The Bridge of Flowers (Podul de Flori, Мост цветов) was a massive demonstration that took place on Sunday, May 6, 1990 along the Prut River separating Romania and the Moldavian SSR.

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Bronfman family

The Bronfman family is a Canadian Jewish family.

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Bruno Müller

Obersturmbannführer Bruno Müller or Brunon Müller-Altenau (Strasbourg, September 13, 1905 – March 1, 1960, Oldenburg) served as Senior Storm Unit Leader during the Nazi German invasion of Poland.

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Bucharest student movement of 1956

The events in Poland which led to the elimination of that country's Stalinist leadership and the rise to power of Władysław Gomułka on 19 October 1956 provoked unrest among university students in Eastern bloc countries.

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Budaki Lagoon

Budaki, or Budaksky Lagoon (other names: Shabolatsky Liman, Shabolat, Budaksky Liman; Будацький лиман, Шаболат, Limanul Budachi, Şabolat) is a Black Sea lagoon (liman) in Bessarabia, southern Ukraine.

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Budapest Convention of 1877

The Budapest Convention (Budapester Vertrag) was a secret agreement between Austria-Hungary and Russia in 1877 to agree on policies and the division of powers in Southeast Europe in the eventuality of war between Russia and the Ottoman Empire.

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Budjak

Budjak or Budzhak (Russian, Ukrainian, and Bulgarian: Буджак; Bugeac; Bucak, historical Cyrillic: Буӂак; Bucak) is a historical region in Ukraine.

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Budowitz

Budowitz are a klezmer band incorporating 19th century instruments and themes from the folk music of Bessarabia, Galicia and Bukovina, into their music.

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Bukovina

Bukovina (Bucovina; Bukowina/Buchenland; Bukowina; Bukovina, Буковина Bukovyna; see also other languages) is a historical region in Central Europe,Klaus Peter Berger,, Kluwer Law International, 2010, p. 132 divided between Romania and Ukraine, located on the northern slopes of the central Eastern Carpathians and the adjoining plains.

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Bukovina Germans

The Bukovina Germans are a German ethnic group who had a noteworthy demographic presence (spanning from 1780 to 1940) in the historic Central European region of Bukovina, which is nowadays divided between northeastern Romania and western Ukraine.

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Bulgaria during World War I

The Kingdom of Bulgaria participated in World War I on the side of the Central Powers from 14 October 1915, when the country declared war on Serbia, until 30 September 1918, when the Armistice of Thessalonica came into effect.

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Bulgarian Australians

Bulgarian Australians (австралийски българи, avstraliyski balgari) are Australian citizens of Bulgarian ancestry.

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Bulgarian Canadians

Bulgarian Canadians (канадски българи, kanadski balgari) refers to Canadian citizens of Bulgarian ancestry who is an immigrant from Bulgaria or a descendant born in Canada.

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Bulgarians

Bulgarians (българи, Bǎlgari) are a South Slavic ethnic group who are native to Bulgaria and its neighboring regions.

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Bulgarians in Ukraine

Bulgarians in Ukraine is the fifth biggest minority in the country primarily residing in the southern regions where they make up a significant minority living in the Odessa Oblast, the city of Bolhrad.

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Bulgars

The Bulgars (also Bulghars, Bulgari, Bolgars, Bolghars, Bolgari, Proto-Bulgarians) were Turkic semi-nomadic warrior tribes that flourished in the Pontic-Caspian steppe and the Volga region during the 7th century.

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Buzău

The city of Buzău (formerly spelled Buzeu or Buzĕu) is the county seat of Buzău County, Romania, in the historical region of Muntenia.

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Byelorussia in World War II

Byelorussia (also known as the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic), known today as Belarus was a republic of the Soviet Union when World War II began.

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Byzantine–Bulgarian wars

The Byzantine–Bulgarian wars were a series of conflicts fought between the Byzantines and Bulgarians which began when the Bulgars first settled in the Balkan peninsula in the 5th century, and intensified with the expansion of the Bulgarian Empire to the southwest after 680 AD.

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Cahul County

Cahul County was a county of Bessarabia.

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Cahul County (Romania)

Cahul County was a county of the Kingdom of Romania, in the historical region of Bessarabia, the successor of Cahul County.

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Cahul District

Cahul is a district (raion) in the south of Moldova, with the administrative center at Cahul.

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Calea Ferată din Moldova

Calea Ferată din Moldova (abbreviated as CFM) is the sole railway operator in the Republic of Moldova, responsible for passenger and cargo transportation, as well as railway infrastructure maintenance within the country.

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Callimachi family

Callimachi, Calimachi, or Kallimachi (originally Calmaşul or Călmaşu) was a Moldavian-Greek Phanariote boyar and princely family, originating with a group of free peasants living in the Orhei area of Bessarabia.

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Cantemir District

Cantemir is a district in the south of Moldova, with the administrative center at Cantemir.

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Carl Uhlig

Carl Ludwig Gustav Uhlig (29 August 1872, in Heidelberg – 12 September 1938, in Tübingen) was a German geographer and meteorologist.

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Carol II of Romania

Carol II (15 October 18934 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until his enforced abdication on 6 September 1940.

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Carpi (people)

The Carpi or Carpiani were an ancient people that resided in the eastern parts of modern Romania in the historical region of Moldavia from no later than c. AD 140 and until at least AD 318.

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Caton Theodorian

Caton Theodorian, or Teodorian (May 14, 1871 – January 8, 1939), was a Romanian playwright, poet, short story writer and novelist.

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Cécilia Attias

Cécilia María Sara Isabel Attias (née Ciganer-Albéniz, formerly Martin and Sarkozy; born 12 November 1957) was the second spouse of French President Nicolas Sarkozy until October 2007.

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Căile Ferate Române

Căile Ferate Române (abbreviated as the CFR) is the state railway carrier of Romania.

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Călărași District

Călărași is a district (raion) in the central part of Moldova, with the administrative center at Călărași.

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Căușeni District

Căușeni District (Raionul Căușeni) is a district in the central part of Moldova, with the administrative center at Căușeni.

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Cenaclul Flacăra

Cenaclul Flacăra (Romanian for "The Flame Literary Circle") was a cultural and artistic movement in Socialist Republic of Romania led by poet Adrian Păunescu.

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Censuses in Ukraine

Censuses in Ukraine (Переписи населення України, Perepysy naselennya Ukrayiny) is a sporadic event that since 2001 has been conducted by the State Statistics Committee of Ukraine under the jurisdiction of the Government of Ukraine.

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Cetatea Albă County

Cetatea-Albă County was a county (județ) of Romania, in Bessarabia, with the capital city at Cetatea-Albă.

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Chananya Yom Tov Lipa Goldman

Rabbi Chananya Yom Tov Lipa Goldman (1905–1982) was a renowned Orthodox rabbi, dayan, and publisher in Hungary and the United States.

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Charge of Rokitna

The Charge of Rokitna (Szarża pod Rokitną) was a charge of a cavalry squadron of the 2nd Brigade of Polish Legions, fighting for the Austro-Hungarian Army.

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Charles George Gordon

Major-General Charles George Gordon CB (28 January 1833 – 26 January 1885), also known as Chinese Gordon, Gordon Pasha, and Gordon of Khartoum, was a British Army officer and administrator.

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Charles Radoff

Xavier Basil Radoff (1894–1986) was a Russian painter.

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Charles Upson Clark

Charles Upson Clark (1875–1960) was a professor of history at Columbia University.

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Chernivtsi Oblast

Chernivtsi Oblast (Чернівецька область, Černivećka oblasť, Regiunea Cernăuți) is an oblast (province) in western Ukraine, consisting of the northern parts of the regions of Bukovina and Bessarabia.

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Chișinău

Chișinău, also known as Kishinev (r), is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Moldova.

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Chișinău Theological Seminary

Chișinău Theological Seminary was a seminary in Chișinău.

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Childhood Memories (book)

Childhood Memories (also known as Recollections of Childhood, Memories of My Childhood or Memories of My Boyhood; Amintiri din copilărie) is one of the main literary contributions of Romanian author Ion Creangă.

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Chinese in the Russian Revolution and in the Russian Civil War

There are a number of reports about the involvement of Chinese detachments in the Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War.

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Chiril Sberea

Chiril Sberea was a Bessarabian politician.

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Chiril Spinei

Chiril Spinei was a Bessarabian politician.

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Christapor Mikaelian

Christapor Mikaelian (Armenian: Քրիստափոր Միքայէլեան, Krisdapor Mikaelyan/Chrisdapor Mikaelian; 18 October 1859 – 1 March 1905), also known by his noms de guerre Hellen (Էլլէն), Topal (Թոփալ), and Edward (Էդուարդ), was one of the three founders of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation along Stepan Zorian and Simon Zavarian, also part of Armenian national liberation movement.

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Christian Rakovsky

Christian Rakovsky (– September 11, 1941) was a Bulgarian socialist revolutionary, a Bolshevik politician and Soviet diplomat; he was also noted as a journalist, physician, and essayist.

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Chronicle of Huru

The Chronicle of Huru (Cronica lui Huru) was a forged narrative, first published in 1856-1857; it claimed to be an official chronicle of the medieval Moldavian court and to shed light on Romanian presence in Moldavia from Roman Dacia and up to the 13th century, thus offering an explanation of problematic issues relating to the origin of the Romanians and Romanian history in the Dark Ages.

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Cimișlia District

Cimișlia is a district in southern Moldova, with its administrative center at Cimișlia.

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Cinema of the Soviet Union

The cinema of the Soviet Union, not to be confused with "cinema of Russia" despite films in the Russian language being predominant in the body of work so described, includes films produced by the constituent republics of the Soviet Union reflecting elements of their pre-Soviet culture, language and history, albeit they were all regulated by the central government in Moscow.

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Ciuflea Monastery

Ciuflea Monastery (Mănăstirea Ciuflea) is a Moldovan Orthodox monastery located in Chișinău, Moldova.

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Clan Ostoja

Clan Ostoja (ancient Polish: Ostoya) was a powerful group of knights and lords in late-medieval Europe.

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Cluj-Napoca

Cluj-Napoca (Klausenburg; Kolozsvár,; Medieval Latin: Castrum Clus, Claudiopolis; and קלויזנבורג, Kloiznburg), commonly known as Cluj, is the fourth most populous city in Romania, and the seat of Cluj County in the northwestern part of the country.

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Coat of arms of Romania

The coat of arms of Romania was adopted in the Romanian Parliament on 10 September 1992 as a representative coat of arms for Romania.

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Coat of arms of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The coat of arms of the Moldavian ASSR was the official emblem of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Soviet Union, and underwent a number of changes over time.

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Coats of arms of the regions of Ukraine

The following gallery displays the official coats of arms of the 27 oblasts, autonomous republics and cities with special status of Ukraine.

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Colonialism

Colonialism is the policy of a polity seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories, generally with the aim of developing or exploiting them to the benefit of the colonizing country and of helping the colonies modernize in terms defined by the colonizers, especially in economics, religion and health.

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Colony (Russian Empire)

In Russian Empire, a colony (колония) was a type of a settlement, typically agricultural, created under government encouragement in sparsely populated territories.

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Commanders of World War II

The Commanders of World War II were for the most part career officers.

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Commission for the Study of the Tribal Composition of the Population of the Borderlands of Russia

The Commission for the Study of the Tribal Composition of the Population of the Borderlands of Russia (Комиссия по изучению племенного состава населения России и сопредельных стран, shortened to КИПС, KIPS) was set up in February 1917 by Sergey Oldenburg under the auspices of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

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Committee of Union and Progress

The Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) (İttihad ve Terakki Cemiyeti إتحاد و ترقى جمیعتی), later Party of Union and Progress (İttihad ve Terakki Fırkası, Birlik ve İlerleme Partisi) began as a secret society established as the "Committee of Ottoman Union" (İttihad-ı Osmanî Cemiyeti) in Istanbul on February 6, 1889 by medical students Ibrahim Temo, Mehmed Reshid, Abdullah Cevdet, İshak Sükuti, Ali Hüseyinzade, Kerim Sebatî, Mekkeli Sabri Bey, Nazım Bey, Şerafettin Mağmumi, Cevdet Osman and Giritli Şefik.

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Congress of Berlin

The Congress of Berlin (13 June – 13 July 1878) was a meeting of the representatives of six great powers of the time (Russia, Great Britain, France, Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany), the Ottoman Empire and four Balkan states (Greece, Serbia, Romania and Montenegro).

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Congress of Paris (1856)

The Congress of Paris was a diplomatic meeting held in Paris, France, in 1856,"Paris, Treaty of(1856)".

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Constantin Bivol

Constantin Bivol (10 March 1885, Costeşti - 12 March 1942, Chistopol) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Constantin C. Arion

Constantin C. Arion (also known as Costică Arion; Constantin Țoiu,, in România Literară, Nr. 37/2003 June 18, 1855 – June 27, 1923) was a Romanian politician, affiliated with the National Liberal Party, the Conservative Party and, after 1918, the People's Party.

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Constantin Gane

Constantin Gane (March 27, 1885 – April or May 1962) was a Romanian novelist, amateur historian, biographer and memoirist.

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Constantin Mâțu

Constantin Mâțu was a Romanian journalist and lawyer from Chișinău, Bessarabia.

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Constantin Mille

Constantin Mille (December 21, 1861 – February 20, 1927) was a Romanian journalist, novelist, poet, lawyer, and socialist militant, as well as a prominent human rights activist.

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Constantin Mimi

Constantin A. Mimi (10 March 1868 – 17 April 1935) was a Bessarabian politician and winemaker, whose family was originally from Albania.

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Constantin Negruzzi

Constantin Negruzzi (first name often Costache; 1808–24 August 1868) was a Romanian poet, novelist, translator, playwright and politician.

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Constantin Osoianu

Constantin Osoianu (born 1885 in Horeşti) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Constantin Prezan

Constantin Prezan (January 27, 1861 – August 27, 1943) was a Romanian general during World War I and a Marshal of Romania afterward.

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Constantin S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor

Constantin S. Nicolăescu-Plopșor or Nicolaescu-Plopșor (April 20, 1900 – May 30, 1968) was a Romanian historian, archeologist, anthropologist and ethnographer, also known as a and folkorist and children's writer, whose diverse activities were primarily focused on his native region of Oltenia.

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Constantin Stamati

Constantin Stamati (1786, Iaşi – September 12, 1869, Ocniţa) was a Romanian/Moldovan writer and translator.

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Constantin Stamati-Ciurea

Constantin Stamati-Ciurea (4 May 1828 Chişinău – 22 February 1898) was a Romanian writer and translator from Bessarabia.

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Constantin Stere

Constantin G. Stere or Constantin Sterea (Romanian; Константин Егорович Стере, Konstantin Yegorovich Stere or Константин Георгиевич Стере, Konstantin Georgiyevich Stere; also known under his pen name Șărcăleanu; June 1, 1865 – June 26, 1936) was a Romanian writer, jurist, politician, ideologue of the Poporanist trend, and, in March 1906, co-founder (together with Garabet Ibrăileanu and Paul Bujor — the latter was afterwards replaced by the physician Ioan Cantacuzino) of the literary magazine Viața Românească.

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Continuation War

The Continuation War was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany, as co-belligerents, against the Soviet Union (USSR) from 1941 to 1944, during World War II.

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Controversy over ethnic and linguistic identity in Moldova

A controversy exists over the national identity and name of the native language of the main ethnic group in the Republic of Moldova.

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Conversion of Jews to Catholicism during the Holocaust

The conversion of Jews to Catholicism during the Holocaust is one of the most controversial aspects of the record of Pope Pius XII during The Holocaust.

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Cornel Chiriac

Cornel Chiriac (May 8, 1941 in Uspenkova, Bessarabia, Soviet Union – March 4, 1975 in Munich) was a Romanian journalist, radio producer, record producer and jazz drummer.

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Corneliu Zelea Codreanu

Corneliu Zelea Codreanu (born Corneliu Zelinski; September 13, 1899 – November 30, 1938), commonly known as Corneliu Codreanu, was a Romanian politician who was the founder and charismatic leader of the Iron Guard (also known as the Legionnaire movement), an ultranationalistic and antisemitic organization active throughout most of the interwar period.

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Costache Leancă

Costache Leancă (1893, Cuhneşti - April 18, 1942, Suhobezvodnaia) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Costea Bucioc

Costea Bucioc or Coste Băcioc (also known as Büczek; ? – July or September 1620) was a Moldavian statesman, commander of the military forces, and father-in-law of Prince Lupu (Vasile) Coci.

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Costoboci

The Costoboci (Costoboci, Costobocae, Castabocae, Coisstoboci, Κοστωβῶκοι, Κοστουβῶκοι or Κοιστοβῶκοι) were an ancient people located, during the Roman imperial era, between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dniester.

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Counties of Romania

A total of 41 counties (județe), along with the municipality of Bucharest, constitute the official administrative divisions of Romania.

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Crimean Khanate

The Crimean Khanate (Mongolian: Крымын ханлиг; Crimean Tatar / Ottoman Turkish: Къырым Ханлыгъы, Qırım Hanlığı, rtl or Къырым Юрту, Qırım Yurtu, rtl; Крымское ханство, Krymskoje hanstvo; Кримське ханство, Krymśke chanstvo; Chanat Krymski) was a Turkic vassal state of the Ottoman Empire from 1478 to 1774, the longest-lived of the Turkic khanates that succeeded the empire of the Golden Horde.

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Crimean Tatar diaspora

The Crimean Tatar diaspora dates back to the annexation of Crimea by Russia in 1783, after which Crimean Tatars emigrated in a series of waves spanning the period from 1783 to 1917.

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Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria

After 1241, the year of the earliest recorded Tatar invasion of Bulgaria, the Second Bulgarian Empire maintained constant political contacts with the Tatars.

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Crimean War

The Crimean War (or translation) was a military conflict fought from October 1853 to February 1856 in which the Russian Empire lost to an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and Sardinia.

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Criuleni District

Criuleni is a district (raion) in the central part of Moldova, with the administrative center at Criuleni.

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Cruciada împotriva comunismului

The Cruciada împotriva comunismului ("Crusade Against Communism", in reference to Operation Barbarossa) was a Romanian World War II medal, instituted on April 1, 1942 by the Royal Decree No.

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Culture of Moldova

The culture of Moldova is influenced primarily by the Romanian origins of its majority population, being heavily indebted to classical Romanian culture.

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Cuman language

Cuman (Kuman) was a Kipchak Turkic language spoken by the Cumans (Polovtsy, Folban, Vallany, Kun) and Kipchaks; the language was similar to today's various languages of the Kipchak-Cuman branch.

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Cuvânt Moldovenesc (magazine)

Cuvânt moldovenesc (Moldovan Word) was a magazine from Chișinău, Bessarabia, founded in 1913.

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Cuvânt Moldovenesc (newspaper)

Cuvânt moldovenesc (The Moldovan Word) was a Bessarabian newspaper.

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Dacian language

The extinct Dacian language was spoken in the Carpathian region in antiquity.

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Dacians

The Dacians (Daci; loc Δάοι, Δάκαι) were an Indo-European people, part of or related to the Thracians.

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Daniel Filmus

Daniel Fernando Filmus (born June 3, 1955) is an Argentine politician and academic, formerly Senator for Buenos Aires during the period 2007-2013 and Minister of Education, Science and Technology in the government of President Néstor Kirchner.

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Daniil Kashin

Daniil Nikititsch Kaschin (1769 – December 1841) was a Russian composer, pianist, conductor, and folk-song collector.

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Danube Cossack Host

The Danube Cossack Host (Дунайсько козацьке військо) was a Ukrainian Cossack Host formed in 1828 prior to the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829), on the order of Emperor Nicholas I from descendants of the Zaporozhian Cossacks living in Bessarabia and in particularly the Budjak.

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Danube River Conference of 1948

The Danube River Conference of 1948 was held in Belgrade, Yugoslavia, to develop a new international regime for the development and control of the Danube in the wake of World War II.

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Danubian Principalities

Danubian Principalities (Principatele Dunărene, translit) was a conventional name given to the Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia, which emerged in the early 14th century.

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Danubian Sich

The Danubian Sich (Задунайська Сiч) was an organization of the part of former Zaporozhian Cossacks who settled in the territory of the Ottoman Empire (the Danube Delta, hence the name) after their previous host was disbanded and the Zaporizhian Sich was destroyed.

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David Meir Frisch

David Meir Frisch (c. 1812-April 25, 1882) was a 19th-century rabbinical authority.

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David Riazanov

David Riazanov (Дави́д Ряза́нов), born David Borisovich Goldendakh (Дави́д Бори́сович Гольдендах; 10 March 1870 – 21 January 1938), was a political revolutionary, Marxist theoretician, and archivist.

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David Shaw Nicholls

David Shaw Nicholls (born 27 February 1959 in Bellshill, Scotland)Mel Byars.

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David Stoliar

David Stoliar (31 October 1922 – 1 May 2014) was the sole survivor of the Struma disaster, in which the torpedoed and sank the Holocaust refugee ship in the Black Sea in the early morning of 24 February 1942.

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Davydivka

Davydivka (Давидівка; Davideni) is a commune (selsoviet) in Storozhynets Raion, Chernivtsi Oblast, southwestern Ukraine.

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Dazdie

Dazdie was the tax paid by Romani state serfs in Bessarabia to the Russian Empire after the region was incorporated in 1812.

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Debelt

Debelt (Bulgarian: Дебелт) is a village in Burgas Province in southeastern Bulgaria.

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December 1

No description.

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December 1917

The following events occurred in December 1917.

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Decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire

Beginning from the late eighteenth century, the Ottoman Empire faced challenges defending itself against foreign invasion and occupation.

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Demetrios Sfikas

Demetrios Sfikas (Greek:Δημήτριος Σφήκας) was a Greek revolutionary of the Greek war of independence.

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Democratic Agrarian Party

The Democratic Agrarian Party (Partidul Democrat Agrar) was a clandestine political party in the Moldovan SSR.

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Democratic Forum of Romanians in Moldova

The Democratic Forum of Romanians in Moldova (Forumul Democrat al Românilor din Moldova) is a civic movement, which brings together over 120 NGOs, several leading public organizations of Moldova and a whole number of academicians, writers, journalists.

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Democratic Nationalist Party (Romania)

The Democratic Nationalist Party or Nationalist Democratic Party (PND) was a political party in Romania, established by historian Nicolae Iorga (who was also its longest-serving leader) and jurist A. C. Cuza.

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Democratic Peasants' Party (Bukovina)

The Democratic Peasants' Party (PȚD), also known as Democratic Party, Peasants' Party, National Democratic Party or Unirea Society, was a provincial party in Bukovina, Austria-Hungary, one of several groups claiming to represent the ethnic Romanians.

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Democratic Union of Freedom

Democratic Union of Freedom (Romanian:Uniunea Democratică a Libertăţii) was one of the organized anti-Soviet groups in Bessarabia.

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Democratic Union Party (Bukovina)

The Democratic Union Party (Partidul Democrat al Unirei or, PDU) was a political group in Romania, one of the political forces which claimed to represent the ethnic Romanian community of Bukovina province.

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Demographic history of Transnistria

A demographic history of Transnistria shows that actual Transnistria has been home to numerous ethnic groups, in varying proportions, over time.

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Demographics of Romania

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Romania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Ukraine

The demographics of Ukraine include statistics on population growth, population density, ethnicity, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population of Ukraine.

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Deportation

Deportation is the expulsion of a person or group of people from a place or country.

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Deportations from East Prussia during World War I

Deportations from East Prussia during World War I was a forced deportation of local inhabitants from Russian-occupied areas of East Prussia to remote areas of the Russian Empire in 1914–1915.

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Destruction battalions

Destruction battalions, colloquially istrebitels (истребители, "destroyers", "exterminators") abbreviated: istrebki (Russian), strybki (Ukrainian) were paramilitary units under the control of NKVD in the western Soviet Union, which performed tasks of internal security on the Eastern Front and after it.

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Deutsche Zeitung Bessarabiens

The Deutsche Zeitung Bessarabiens (German Newspaper of Bessarabia) was a German language newspaper in Bessarabia (today: Ukraine), founded in 1919.

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Devy Erlih

Devy Erlih (Paris, 5 November 1928 – Paris, 7 February 2012) was a French violinist and the 1955 winner of the Long-Thibaud competition.

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Dimitar Agura

Dimitar Dimitrov Agura (Димитър Димитров Агура; 26 October 1849–11 October 1911) was a Bulgarian historian, one of the first professors of history at Sofia University and a rector of the university.

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Dimitar Grekov

Dimitar Panayotov Grekov (14 September 1847 – 7 May 1901) was a leading Bulgarian liberal politician who also served as Prime Minister.

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Dimitrie Cărăuș

Dimitrie Cărăuş was a Bessarabian politician.

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Dimitrie Cuclin

Dimitrie Cuclin (– February 7, 1978) was a Romanian classical music composer, musicologist, philosopher, translator, and writer.

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Dimitrie Dragomir

Dumitru Dragomir (October 26, 1884 – 20th century) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Dimitrie Lovcinski

Dimitrie Lovcinski was a Bessarabian politician.

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Dimitrie Petrino

Dimitrie Petrino (1838 (?)—April 29, 1878) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian poet.

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Dimitru Marchitan

Dimitru Marchitan was a Bessarabian politician.

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Dina Vierny

Dina Vierny (25 January 1919 – 20 January 2009) was a French art dealer, collector and museum director and former artists' model.

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Dinu Brătianu

Dinu Brătianu (January 13, 1866 – 1950), born Constantin I. C. Brătianu, was a Romanian politician, who led the National Liberal Party (PNL) starting in 1934.

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Diocese of Chișinău

The Diocese of Chișinău is an eparchy or diocese of the Moldovan Orthodox Church under the Moscow Patriarchate with its seat in the capital city of Moldova, Chișinău.

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Dissent in Romania under Nicolae Ceaușescu

Dissent in Romania under Nicolae Ceaușescu was voicing disagreements with the government policies of Communist Romania during the totalitarian rule of Nicolae Ceaușescu.

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Dmitri Ivanovsky

Dmitri Iosifovich Ivanovsky (alternative spelling Dmitrii or Dmitry Iwanowski; Дми́трий Ио́сифович Ивано́вский; 28 October 1864 – 20 June 1920) was a Russian botanist, the discoverer of viruses (1892) and one of the founders of virology.

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Dmitry Lavrinenko

Dmitry Fyodorovich Lavrinenko (Дмитрий Фёдорович Лавриненко, September 10, 1914 – December 18, 1941) was a Soviet tank commander and Hero of the Soviet Union.

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Dmitry Shcherbachev

Dmitry Grigoryevich Shcherbachev (Дми́трий Григо́рьевич Щербачёв; 18 January 1932) was a general in the Russian Army during World War I and a prominent leader of the White Movement during the Russian Civil War.

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Dobruja

Dobruja or Dobrudja (Добруджа, transliterated: Dobrudzha or Dobrudža; Dobrogea or; Dobruca) is a historical region in Eastern Europe that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania.

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Dobrujan Germans

The Dobrujan Germans (Dobrudschadeutsche) were an ethnic German group, within the larger category of Black Sea Germans, for over one hundred years.

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Doina

The Doina is a Romanian musical tune style, possibly with Middle Eastern roots, customary in Romanian peasant music, as well as in Lăutărească.

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Doina (Eminescu)

Doina, or Doină (sometimes translated as "Lament"), is a political poem by the Romanian Mihai Eminescu.

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Donald Seldin

Donald Wayne Seldin (October 24, 1920 – April 25, 2018) was an American nephrologist.

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Donar Munteanu

Donar Munteanu (born Dimitrie Munteanu;Rodica Zafiu, "Munteanu Donar", in Aurel Sasu (ed.), Dicționarul biografic al literaturii române, Vol. II, p. 155. Pitești: Editura Paralela 45, 2004. Mihail Straje, Dicționar de pseudonime, anonime, anagrame, astronime, criptonime ale scriitorilor și publiciștilor români, p. 464. Bucharest: Editura Minerva, 1973. June 26, 1886 – 1972) was a Romanian poet, representing the provincial wing of Romanian Symbolism, Convorbiri Critice circle and, later, the Gândirea literary movement.

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Dondușeni District

Dondușeni District is a district (raion) in the north of Moldova.

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Dorohoi pogrom

On 1 July 1940, in the town of Dorohoi in Romania, Romanian military units carried out a pogrom against the local Jews, during which, according to an official Romanian report, 53 Jews were murdered, and dozens injured.

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Dovid Knut

Dovid Knut or Knout (До́вид Кнут) (–15 February 1955), real name Duvid Meerovich (later David Mironovich) Fiksman (Ду́вид Ме́ерович Фи́ксман), was a Russian Jewish poet and member of the French Resistance.

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Drochia District

Drochia district is a district in the north of Moldova.

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Dubăsari District

Dubăsari district is a district in the east of Moldova, with the administrative center at Cocieri.

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Dumitru C. Moruzi

Dumitru Constantin Moruzi (also known as Dimitrie Moruzi or Moruzzi; Дмитрий Константинович Мурузи, Dmitry Konstantinovich Muruzi; July 1 or 2, 1850 – October 9, 1914) was a Moldavian-born Imperial Russian and Romanian aristocrat, civil servant and writer.

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Dumitru Coroamă

Dumitru Coroamă (July 19, 1885 – 1956) was a Romanian soldier and fascist activist, who held the rank of Major-General of the Romanian Army during World War II.

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Dumitru Dron

Dumitru Dron was a Bessarabian politician.

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Dumitru Karnabatt

Dumitru or Dimitrie Karnabatt (last name also Karnabat, Carnabatt or Carnabat, commonly known as D. Karr; October 26, 1877 – April 1949) was a Romanian poet, art critic and political journalist, one of the minor representatives of Symbolism.

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Dumitru Mârza

Dumitru Mârza was a Bessarabian politician.

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Dumitru Remenco

Dumitru I. Remenco (1895 - July 13, 1940) was a Romanian journalist and philosopher from Chişinău, Bessarabia.

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East-Central Europe

East-Central Europe is the region between German, West Slavic and Hungarian speaking Europe and the Eastern Slavic lands of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine.

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Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc was the group of socialist states of Central and Eastern Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact.

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Eastern Bloc politics

Eastern Bloc politics followed the Red Army's occupation of much of eastern Europe at the end of World War II and the Soviet Union's installation of Soviet-controlled Stalinist or Marxist–Leninist governments in the Eastern Bloc through a process of bloc politics and repression.

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Eastern Front (World War I)

The Eastern Front or Eastern Theater of World War I (Восточный фронт, Vostochnıy front, sometimes called the Second Fatherland War or Second Patriotic War (Вторая Отечественная война, Vtoraya Otechestvennaya voyna) in Russian sources) was a theatre of operations that encompassed at its greatest extent the entire frontier between the Russian Empire and Romania on one side and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire and the German Empire on the other. It stretched from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Black Sea in the south, included most of Eastern Europe and stretched deep into Central Europe as well. The term contrasts with "Western Front", which was being fought in Belgium and France. During 1910, Russian General Yuri Danilov developed "Plan 19" under which four armies would invade East Prussia. This plan was criticised as Austria-Hungary could be a greater threat than the German Empire. So instead of four armies invading East Prussia, the Russians planned to send two armies to East Prussia, and two Armies to defend against Austro-Hungarian forces invading from Galicia. In the opening months of the war, the Imperial Russian Army attempted an invasion of eastern Prussia in the northwestern theater, only to be beaten back by the Germans after some initial success. At the same time, in the south, they successfully invaded Galicia, defeating the Austro-Hungarian forces there. In Russian Poland, the Germans failed to take Warsaw. But by 1915, the German and Austro-Hungarian armies were on the advance, dealing the Russians heavy casualties in Galicia and in Poland, forcing it to retreat. Grand Duke Nicholas was sacked from his position as the commander-in-chief and replaced by the Tsar himself. Several offensives against the Germans in 1916 failed, including Lake Naroch Offensive and the Baranovichi Offensive. However, General Aleksei Brusilov oversaw a highly successful operation against Austria-Hungary that became known as the Brusilov Offensive, which saw the Russian Army make large gains. The Kingdom of Romania entered the war in August 1916. The Entente promised the region of Transylvania (which was part of Austria-Hungary) in return for Romanian support. The Romanian Army invaded Transylvania and had initial successes, but was forced to stop and was pushed back by the Germans and Austro-Hungarians when Bulgaria attacked them in the south. Meanwhile, a revolution occurred in Russia in February 1917 (one of the several causes being the hardships of the war). Tsar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate and a Russian Provisional Government was founded, with Georgy Lvov as its first leader, who was eventually replaced by Alexander Kerensky. The newly formed Russian Republic continued to fight the war alongside Romania and the rest of the Entente until it was overthrown by the Bolsheviks in October 1917. Kerensky oversaw the July Offensive, which was largely a failure and caused a collapse in the Russian Army. The new government established by the Bolsheviks signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers, taking it out of the war and making large territorial concessions. Romania was also forced to surrender and signed a similar treaty, though both of the treaties were nullified with the surrender of the Central Powers in November 1918.

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Eastern Front (World War II)

The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945.

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Eastern Orthodoxy in Moldova

The Eastern Orthodox Church in Moldova is organized by the Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova, commonly referred to as the Moldovan Orthodox Church, a self-governing church body under the Russian Orthodox Church, and by the Metropolis of Bessarabia, also referred to as the Bessarabian Orthodox Church, a self-governing church body under the Romanian Orthodox Church.

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Edineț

Edineț is a town and municipality in the north of Moldova.

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Editura Ion Creangă

Editura Ion Creangă was a publishing house based in Bucharest, Romania.

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Eduard Totleben

Eduard Ivanovich Totleben (Эдуа́рд Ива́нович Тотле́бен, sometimes transliterated as Todleben; &ndash) was a Baltic German military engineer and Imperial Russian Army general.

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Efimie Palii

Efimie Palii was a Bessarabian politician.

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Eiffel Bridge, Ungheni

The Eiffel Bridge (Podul Eiffel) is a bridge over the River Prut and a checkpoint between Moldova and Romania.

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Elefterie Sinicliu

Elefterie Sinicliu was a Bessarabian politician.

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Elena Alistar

Elena Alistar-Romanescu (1 June 1873, Vaisal - 1955, Pucioasa) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Elena Bacaloglu

Elena A. Bacaloglu, also known as Bakaloglu, Bacaloglu-Densusianu, Bacaloglu-Densușeanu etc.

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Elena Djionat

Elena Djionat (1888-fl. 1936), was a Romanian educator, journalist, suffragist and women's rights activist.

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Elena Postică

Elena Postică (born September 2, 1954, Lăpuşna) is a historian from the Republic of Moldova.

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Elenovo (Targovishte Province)

Elenovo (Еленово, Elenovo; Fülbeler) is a village in North-Eastern Bulgaria, situated in the Popovo Municipality, Targovishte Province.

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Eliezer Shulman

Eliezer Shulman (Hebrew אליעזר שולמן; July 11, 1923, Tarutino, Bessarabia, Romania – January 3, 2006, Bat Yam, Israel) was a biblical scholar and historian.

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Eliezer Steinbarg

Eliezer Steinbarg (Shtaynbarg; 18 May 1880 – 27 March 1932) was a Yiddish-school teacher and Yiddish poetic fabulist.

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Eliezer Zusia Portugal

Eliezer Zusia Portugal (17 October 1898–18 August 1982), the first Skulener Rebbe, was revered by his followers in Russia, Romania, Israel, and the United States for his personal warmth and his care for hundreds of Jewish youth and war orphans, whom he personally adopted as his own children.

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Elizabeth Zarubina

Elizaveta 'Zoya' Yulyevna Zarubina (Елизавета Юлиевна Зарубина; 1 January 1900 – 14 May 1987), born Ester Rosenzweig (Эстер Иоэльевна Розенцвейг), was a Soviet spy, podpolkovnik of the MGB.

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Emanuil Gavriliță

Emanuil G. Gavriliţă (August 11, 1847 in Nicoreşti – June 10, 1910 in Băxani) was a lawyer, journalist and activist from Bessarabia.

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Emil Bodnăraș

Emil Bodnăraș (10 February 1904 – 24 January 1976) was an influential Romanian Communist politician, an army officer, and a Soviet agent.

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Emil Brumaru

Emil Brumaru (born on 25 December 1939, Bahmutea, Bessarabia) is a contemporary Romanian writer and poet.

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Emil Loteanu

Emil Loteanu (November 6, 1936 – April 18, 2003) was a Soviet film director born in Clocuşna, Moldova (then Romania).

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Ernest Urdărianu

Ernest Urdărianu (1897–1985), (largely known as "Urdăreanu", but this is incorrect) was the Minister of the Court during the reign of King Carol II of Romania (1930–1940).

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Ethnogenesis

Ethnogenesis (from Greek ethnos ἔθνος, "group of people, nation", and genesis γένεσις, "beginning, coming into being"; plural ethnogeneses) is "the formation and development of an ethnic group." This can originate through a process of self-identification as well as come about as the result of outside identification.

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Eufrosinia Kersnovskaya

Eufrosinia Antonovna Kersnovskaya (Евфроси́ния Анто́новна Керсно́вская; 8 January 1908 – 8 March 1994) was a Russian woman who spent 12 years in Gulag camps and wrote her memoirs in 12 notebooks, 2,200,000 characters, accompanied with 680 pictures.

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Eugène Fidler

Eugène Fidler (Bălţi, Bessarabia, 1910 - Roussillon, Vaucluse, 1990) was a French painter and ceramicist of Bessarabian Jewish origin.

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Eugen Filotti

Eugen Filotti (July 28 (July 17 O.S.) 1896 – June 1, 1975) was a Romanian diplomat, journalist and writer.

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Eugen Relgis

Eugen D. Relgis (backward reading of Eisig D. Sigler; first name also Eugenio, Eugène or Eugene, last name also Siegler or Siegler Watchel; entry; retrieved 10 March 2011 (22 March 1895 – 24 May 1987) was a Romanian writer, pacifist philosopher and anarchist militant, known as a theorist of humanitarianism. His internationalist dogma, with distinct echoes from Judaism and Jewish ethics, was first shaped during World War I, when Relgis was a conscientious objector. Infused with anarcho-pacifism and socialism, it provided Relgis with an international profile, and earned him the support of pacifists such as Romain Rolland, Stefan Zweig and Albert Einstein. Another, more controversial, aspect of Relgis' philosophy was his support for eugenics, which centered on the compulsory sterilization of "degenerates". The latter proposal was voiced by several of Relgis' essays and sociological tracts. After an early debut with Romania's Symbolist movement, Relgis promoted modernist literature and the poetry of Tudor Arghezi, signing his name to a succession of literary and political magazines. His work in fiction and poetry alternates the extremes of Expressionism and didactic art, giving artistic representation to his activism, his pacifist vision, or his struggle with a hearing impairment. He was a member of several modernist circles, formed around Romanian magazines such as Sburătorul, Contimporanul or Șantier, but also close to the more mainstream journal Viața Românească. His political and literary choices made Relgis an enemy of both fascism and communism: persecuted during World War II, he eventually took refuge in Uruguay. From 1947 to the moment of his death, Relgis earned the respect of South American circles as an anarchist commentator and proponent of solutions to world peace, as well as a promoter of Latin American culture.

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Eugen Rozvan

Eugen Rozvan (Rozvány Jenő; Russian: Евгений Георгиевич Розвань, Evgeny Georgiyevich Rozvan; December 28, 1878—June 16, 1938) was a Hungarian-born Romanian communist activist, lawyer, and Marxist historian, who settled in the Soviet Union late in his life.

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Eurasian eagle-owl

The Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo) is a species of eagle-owl that resides in much of Eurasia.

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Ewald Heer

Ewald Heer (July 28, 1930) is an aerospace engineer, author and professor who has worked on robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), and large space structures.

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Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany

The Expulsion of Poles by Nazi Germany during World War II was a massive Nazi German operation consisting of the forced resettlement of over 1.7 million Poles from all territories of occupied Poland with the aim of their geopolitical Germanization (see Lebensraum) between 1939–1944.

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Școala Moldovenească

Şcoala Moldovenească (The Moldovan School) was a magazine from Chişinău, Bessarabia, founded in May 1917 by Onisifor Ghibu.

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Șerban Cioculescu

Șerban Cioculescu (7 September 1902 – 25 June 1988) was a Romanian literary critic, literary historian and columnist, who held teaching positions in Romanian literature at the University of Iași and the University of Bucharest, as well as membership of the Romanian Academy and chairmanship of its Library.

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Șoldănești District

Șoldănești is a district (raion) in the north-east of Moldova, with the administrative center at Șoldănești.

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Ștefan Balmez

Ştefan Balmez (born 1882) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Ștefan Botnarciuc

Ştefan Botnarciuc was a Bessarabian politician.

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Ștefan Ciobanu

Ștefan Ciobanu (November 11, 1883 – February 28, 1950) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian politician and historian.

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Ștefan Foriș

Ștefan Foriș (born István Fóris, also known as Marius; May 9, 1892 – summer of 1946) was a Romanian communist activist and journalist who served as general secretary of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR or PCdR) between 1940 and 1944.

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Ștefan Vodă District

Ștefan Vodă is a district (raion) in the south-east of Moldova, with the administrative center at Ștefan Vodă.

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Ștefana Velisar Teodoreanu

Ștefana Velisar Teodoreanu (born Maria Ștefana Lupașcu, also credited as Ștefania Velisar or Lily Teodoreanu; October 17, 1897 – May 30 or 31, 1995) was a Romanian novelist, poet and translator, wife of the writer Ionel Teodoreanu.

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Ținutul Dunării

Ținutul Dunării (or Ținutul Dunărea de Jos) was one of the ten Romanian ținuturi ("lands") founded in 1938, after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Nistru

Ținutul Nistru was one of the ten ținuturi ("lands") of Romania, founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Prut

Ținutul Prut was one of the ten Romanian ținuturi ("lands"), founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Ținutul Suceava

Ținutul Suceava was one of the ten Romanian ținuturi ("lands"), founded in 1938 after King Carol II initiated an institutional reform by modifying the 1923 Constitution and the law of territorial administration.

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Făclia Țării

Făclia Ţării (The Country Torch) was a newspaper from Chişinău, Bessarabia, founded in 1912.

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Fălciu County

Fălciu was an administrative territorial entity in Moldavia (until 1859), then a county (judeṭ) in Romania between 1859 and 1950.

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Fălești District

Fălești is a district (raion) in the north of Moldova, with the administrative center at Fălești.

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FC Rapid București

Fotbal Club Rapid București, commonly known as Rapid București, or simply as Rapid, is a Romanian football club based in Bucharest.

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Felix Dudchievicz

Felix Dudchievicz was a Bessarabian politician.

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Ferdinand I of Romania

Ferdinand I (Ferdinand Viktor Albert Meinrad; 24 August 1865 – 20 July 1927), nicknamed Întregitorul ("the Unifier"), was King of Romania from 10 October 1914 until his death in 1927.

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Filimon Bodiu

Filimon Bodiu (death November 16, 1950) was a Moldovan activist in the former Moldovan SSR.

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First Bulgarian Empire

The First Bulgarian Empire (Old Bulgarian: ц︢рьство бл︢гарское, ts'rstvo bl'garskoe) was a medieval Bulgarian state that existed in southeastern Europe between the 7th and 11th centuries AD.

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Flag and coat of arms of Moldavia

The flag and coat of arms of Moldavia, one of the two Danubian Principalities, together with Wallachia, which formed the basis for the Romanian state, were subject to numerous changes throughout their history.

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Flag of Gagauzia

The flag of Gagauzia (Gagauz Yerin bayraa) has served as the Gagauz Republic's flag since 1995, recognized as a regional symbol by Moldova.

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Flags of the Soviet Republics

The Flags of the Soviet Socialist Republics were all defaced versions of the flag of the Soviet Union, which featured a golden hammer and sickle, (the only exception being the Georgian SSR, which used a red hammer and sickle), and a gold-bordered red star on a red field.

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Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)

During the later stages of World War II and the post-war period, German citizens and people of German ancestry fled or were expelled from various Eastern and Central European countries and sent to the remaining territory of Germany and Austria.

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Folklore and Ethnography Collection

The Folklore and Ethnography Collection (Сборник за народни умотворения и народопис, Sbornik za narodni umotvoreniia i narodopis) is a serial publication covering various aspects of Bulgarian folklore and cultural anthropology.

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Forced settlements in the Soviet Union

Forced settlements in the Soviet Union took several forms.

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Foreign policy of the Russian Empire

The Foreign policy of the Russian Empire covers Russian foreign relations down to 1917.

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Foreign relations of the Axis powers

Foreign relations of the Axis powers includes states which were not officially members of the Axis but had relations with one or more Axis members.

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Formation of the Eastern Bloc

The Eastern Bloc is a collective term for the former Stalinist puppet countries and colonies in Central and Eastern Europe.

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Former administrative divisions of Romania

The 41 județe (counties) and the municipality of Bucharest comprise the official administrative divisions of Romania.

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Founding of Moldavia

The founding of Moldavia began with the arrival of a Vlach (Romanian) voivode (military leader), Dragoș, soon followed by his people from Maramureș to the region of the Moldova River.

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Fourth Army (Romania)

The Fourth Army (Armata a 4-a Română) was a field army (a military formation) of the Romanian Land Forces active from the 19th century to the 1990s.

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Franco-Ottoman alliance

The Franco-Ottoman alliance, also Franco-Turkish alliance, was an alliance established in 1536 between the king of France Francis I and the Turkish sultan of the Ottoman Empire Suleiman the Magnificent.

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Franco-Persian alliance

A Franco-Persian alliance or Franco-Iranian alliance was formed for a short period between the French Empire of Napoleon I and Fath Ali Shah against Russia and Great Britain between 1807 and 1809.

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Franz Joseph I of Austria

Franz Joseph I also Franz Josef I or Francis Joseph I (Franz Joseph Karl; 18 August 1830 – 21 November 1916) was Emperor of Austria, King of Hungary, and monarch of other states in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, from 2 December 1848 to his death.

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Fraydele Oysher

Fraydele Oysher (October 3, 1913 – January 5, 2004) was an American Yiddish theater actress and musical performer.

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Frederick Ziv

Frederick William Ziv (August 17, 1905 – October 13, 2001, Cincinnati, Ohio) was an American broadcasting producer and syndicator who was considered as the father of television first-run syndication and once operated the nation's largest independent television production company.

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Free Dacians

The so-called Free Dacians (Romanian: Daci liberi) is the name given by some modern historians to those Dacians who putatively remained outside, or emigrated from, the Roman Empire after the emperor Trajan's Dacian Wars (AD 101-6).

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Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy

Count Fyodor Ivanovich Tolstoy (Фёдор Ива́нович Толсто́й), also known as the "American" (Американец) (17 February 1782 – 5 November 1846) was a Russian nobleman from the well-known Tolstoy family.

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Fyodor Palen

Count Fyodor Petrovich Pahlen (Фёдор Петрович Пален; September 2, 1780 in Mitau – January 8, 1863 in Saint Petersburg) was a Russian diplomat and administrator.

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Gagauz people

The Gagauzes are a Turkic people living mostly in southern Moldova (Gagauzia, Taraclia District, Basarabeasca District), southwestern Ukraine (Budjak), northeastern Bulgaria, Greece, Brazil, the United States and Canada.

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Gagauzia

Gagauzia (Gagauziya or Gagauz Yeri; Găgăuzia; Гагаузия, Gagaúzija), formally known as the Autonomous Territorial Unit of Gagauzia (Gagauz Yeri) (Avtonom Territorial Bölümlüü Gagauz Yeri; Unitatea Teritorială Autonomă Găgăuzia; Автономное территориальное образование Гагаузия, Avtonomnoje territoriaľnoje obrazovanije Gagauzija), is an autonomous region of Moldova.

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Galați

Galați (also known by other alternative names) is the capital city of Galați County, in the historical region of Moldavia, eastern Romania.

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Gary Bertini

Gary Bertini (Hebrew: גארי ברתיני) (May 1, 1927—March 17, 2005) was an Israeli conductor and composer.

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Gavriil Musicescu

Gavriil Musicescu (born Muzychenko) (March 20, 1847, Izmail, Bessarabia Governorate, now in Ukraine – December 21, 1903, Iași, Romania) was a Romanian composer, conductor and musicologist, father of the pianist and musical pedagogue Florica Musicescu.

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Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni

Gavril Bănulescu-Bodoni (1746 – 30 March 1821) was a Romanian clergyman who served as Metropolitan of Moldavia (1792), Metropolitan of Kherson and Crimea (1793–1799), Metropolitan of Kiev and Halych (1799–1803), Exarch of Moldo-Wallachia (1806–1812), and Archbishop of Chişinău (1812–1821), being the first head of the church in Bessarabia after the Russian annexation.

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Gavril Buciușcan

Gavril Ivanovici Buciuşcan (27 March 1889 in Isacova – 23 October 1937 in Tiraspol) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Gazeta Basarabiei

Gazeta Basarabiei (Bessarabia Gazette) was a newspaper from Chișinău, Bessarabia, founded in 1935.

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Gazeta Basarabiei (1923)

Gazeta Basarabiei (Bessarabia Gazette) was a newspaper from Chișinău, Bessarabia, founded in 1923.

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Gândirea

Gândirea ("The Thinking"), known during its early years as Gândirea Literară - Artistică - Socială ("The Literary - Artistic - Social Thinking"), was a Romanian literary, political and art magazine.

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Gîsca

Gîsca (meaning " goose" in Romanian; Гиска) is a village near in Căușeni District, Moldova, composed of a single village with the same name, population 4,841 at the 2004 Census.

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General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania

The General Jewish Labour Bund in Romania (אלגעמײַנער ײדישער ארבעטער בונד אין רומעניע, Uniunea generală a muncitorilor evrei „Bund” în România) was a Jewish socialist party in Romania, adhering to the political line of the General Jewish Labour Bund.

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General Map of Moldavia

The General Map of Moldavia is one of the two maps of the Danubian Principalities which was printed by Rigas Feraios in 1797.

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Geo Bogza

Geo Bogza (born Gheorghe Bogza; February 6, 1908 – September 14, 1993) was a Romanian avant-garde theorist, poet, and journalist, known for his left-wing and communist political convictions.

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Geographical renaming

Geographical renaming is the changing of the name of a geographical feature or area.

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Geography of Moldova

Located in Eastern Europe, Moldova is bordered on the west and southwest by Romania and on the north, south, and east by Ukraine.

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George de Bothezat

George de Bothezat (italic, italic, June 7, 1882 – February 1, 1940) was a Russian American engineer, businessman, and pioneer of helicopter flight.

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George Diamandy

George Ion Diamandy or Diamandi, first name also Gheorghe or Georges (February 27, 1867 – December 27, 1917), was a Romanian politician, dramatist, social scientist, and archeologist.

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George Giuglea

George Giuglea (January 29, 1884 – April 7, 1967) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian linguist and philologist.

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George Ivașcu

George Ivașcu (most common rendition of Gheorghe I. Ivașcu;"Partea I B: Dispozițiuni și publicațiuni care nu au caracter normativ: Deciziuni. Ministerul Informațiilor", in Monitorul Oficial, Nr. 112/1947, p.3980 July 22, 1911 – June 21, 1988) was a Romanian journalist, literary critic, and communist militant.

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George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon

George William Frederick Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, (12 January 180027 June 1870) was an English diplomat and statesman from the Villiers family.

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Georgi Stamatov

Georgi Porfiriev Stamatov (Георги Порфириев Стаматов, 25 May 1869 — 9 November 1942) was a Bulgarian writer.

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Gerd von Rundstedt

Karl Rudolf Gerd von Rundstedt (12 December 1875 – 24 February 1953) was a Field Marshal in the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany during World War II.

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Gerhard Schindler

Gerhard Schindler (born 4 October 1952 in Kollig, West Germany) is a German civil servant and former President of the Bundesnachrichtendienst (BND), the German Federal Intelligence Service.

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German Goldenshteyn

German Goldenshteyn, or Goldenshtayn (2 September 1934 – June 10, 2006) was born in the Bessarabian shtetl of Otaci, then in Romania, now in Moldova.

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German Party (Romania)

The German Party (Deutsche Partei in Rumänien; Partidul German din România, PGR) was a political party in post-World War I Romania, claiming to represent the entire ethnic German community.

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German Radio Intelligence Operations during World War II

German Radio Intelligence Operation during World War II were signals intelligence operations that were undertaken by German Axis forces in Europe during World War II.

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German–Soviet Axis talks

In October and November 1940, German–Soviet Axis talks occurred concerning the Soviet Union's potential entry as a fourth Axis Power in World War II.

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German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement

The German–Soviet Border and Commercial Agreement, signed on January 10, 1941, was a broad agreement settling border disputes and continuing raw materials and war machine trade between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany.

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Germanic Christianity

The Germanic peoples underwent gradual Christianization in the course of late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.

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Germanic peoples

The Germanic peoples (also called Teutonic, Suebian, or Gothic in older literature) are an Indo-European ethno-linguistic group of Northern European origin.

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Germans of Romania

The Germans of Romania or Rumäniendeutsche are an ethnic group of Romania.

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Germany–Soviet Union relations, 1918–1941

German–Soviet Union relations date to the aftermath of the First World War.

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Gheorghe Buruiană

Gheorghe Buruiană was a Bessarabian politician.

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Gheorghe Cristescu

Gheorghe Cristescu (October 10, 1882 – November 29, 1973) was a Romanian socialist and, for a part of his life, communist militant.

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Gheorghe E. Cojocaru

Gheorghe E. Cojocaru (born 8 February 1963) is a historian from the Republic of Moldova.

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Gheorghe Flondor

Gheorghe Flondor (Georg Ritter von Flondor) (August 31, 1892 Roman, Romania – April 26, 1976, Bucharest) was Romanian politician who served as Royal Resident (Rezident Regal) of Ţinutul Suceava from February 7, 1939 to September 23, 1940.

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Gheorghe Gh. Mârzescu

Gheorghe Gh.

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Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej

Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (8 November 1901 – 19 March 1965) was a Romanian communist politician who served as the first Communist leader of Romania from 1947 to 1965 as General Secretary of the Romanian Communist Party.

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Gheorghe Mare

Gheorghe Mare was a Bessarabian politician.

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Gheorghe Mihail

Gheorghe Mihail (March 13, 1887 – January 31, 1982) was a Romanian career army officer.

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Gheorghe Năstase

Gheorghe Năstase was a Bessarabian politician.

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Gheorghe Remenco

Gheorghe Remenco (November 19, 1918 - October 29, 1977) was a journalist and author from Chişinău, Bessarabia, son of Alexandra Remenco and Dumitru Remenco.

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Gheorghe Stavrii

Gheorghe Stavrii was a Bessarabian politician.

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Gheorghe Tătărescu

Gheorghe I. Tătărescu (also known as Guță Tătărescu, with a slightly antiquated pet form of his given name; 2 November 1886 – 28 March 1957) was a Romanian politician who served 36th Prime Minister of Romania (1934–1937; 1939–1940), three times as Minister of Foreign Affairs (interim in 1934 and 1938; appointed to the office in 1945-1947), and once as Minister of War (1934).

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Gheorghe Tudor

Gheorghe Tudor (1 February 1885, Stâncăuţi – 7 December 1974, Bucharest) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Gheorghe Ursu

Gheorghe Emil Ursu (known to friends as Babu; July 1, 1926 – November 17, 1985) was a Romanian construction engineer, poet, diarist and dissident.

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Gherman Pântea

Gherman V. Pântea (surname also spelled Pîntea; Герман Васильевич Пынтя, German Vasilievich Pyntya; Герман Васильович Пинтя, Herman Vasilyovich Pyntya or Pintia; May 13, 1894 – February 1, 1968) was a Bessarabian-born soldier, civil servant and political figure, active in the Russian Empire and Romania.

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Giora Feidman

Giora Feidman (גיורא פיידמן; born 26 March 1936) is an Argentine-born Israeli clarinetist who specializes in klezmer music.

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Glasul Basarabiei

Glasul Basarabiei (The Voice of Bessarabia) was a newspaper from Chişinău, Bessarabia, founded by Grigore Constantinescu in 1913.

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Glodeni District

Glodeni District is a district in northwestern Moldova, with its administrative center at Glodeni.

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Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (1863–1919)

Grand Duke George Mikhailovich of Russia (Георгий Михайлович) (23 August 1863 – 28 January 1919) was a son of Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia and a first cousin of Emperor Alexander III.

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Grégoire Michonze

Grégoire Michonze (1902–1982) (variant name Grégoire Michonznic, Григо́рий Мишо́нзник Grogórij Mišónznik) was a Russian-French painter, born in 1902 in Kishinev (Bessarabia), Russian Empire (now Republic of Moldova).

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Great Union Day

Great Union Day (Ziua Marii Uniri, also called Unification Day) occurring on December 1, is the national holiday of Romania.

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Greater Romania

The term Greater Romania (România Mare) usually refers to the borders of the Kingdom of Romania in the interwar period.

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Greece–Romania relations

Greco–Romanian relations are foreign relations between Greece and Romania.

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Greece–Serbia relations

Greek–Serbian relations have traditionally been friendly due to cultural, religious and historical factors.

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Greek–Romanian Non-Aggression and Arbitration Pact

The Greek–Romanian Non-Aggression and Arbitration Pact was a non-aggression pact signed between Greece and Romania on 21 March 1928.

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Grigore Cazacliu

Grigore Cazacliu (20 January 1892 – 27 December 1959) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Grigore Gafencu

Grigore Gafencu (b. January 30, 1892, Bucharest - d. January 30, 1957, Paris) was a Romanian politician, diplomat and journalist.

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Grigore Răceanu

Grigore Ion Răceanu was a Romanian communist politician and opponent of Nicolae Ceauşescu.

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Grigore Scafaru

Grigore V. Scafaru (born 1905, date of death unknown) was a Romanian politician from Bessarabia.

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Grigore Singurel

Grigore Singurel (born Yefim Krimerman in 1923) is a Bessarabian journalist.

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Grigore T. Popa

Grigore T. Popa (sometimes Anglicized to Gregor T. Popa; May 1, 1892 – July 18, 1948) was a Romanian physician and public intellectual.

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Grigore Turcuman

Grigore Turcuman (October 20, 1890, Tătărăuca Nouă, Soroca district - May 28, 1942, Penza) was a Bessarabian Romanian politician, Member of Sfatul Țării (the Bessarabian Parliament).

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Grigorios Zalykis

Grigorios Zalykis (Γρηγόριος Ζαλύκης; Grégoire Zalykis) (1785 – 4 October 1827) was a Greek scholar, writer and diplomat.

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Grigory Grumm-Grzhimaylo

Grigory Yefimovich Grumm-Grzhimaylo (Григо́рий Ефи́мович Грумм-Гржима́йло, 1860–1936) was a Russian entomologist, best known for his expeditions to Central Asia (Pamir, Bukhara, Tian-Shan, Kan-su, and Kukunor), West Mongolia and Tuva, and the Russian Far East.

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Gulag

The Gulag (ГУЛАГ, acronym of Главное управление лагерей и мест заключения, "Main Camps' Administration" or "Chief Administration of Camps") was the government agency in charge of the Soviet forced labor camp system that was created under Vladimir Lenin and reached its peak during Joseph Stalin's rule from the 1930s to the 1950s.

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Gurie Grosu

Gurie Grosu (January 1, 1877 in Nimoreni – November 14, 1943 in Bucharest) was a Bessarabian priest and the first Metropolitan of Bessarabia.

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Guttman Landau

Guttman Shmuel Landau (Товий-Гутман Самуилович Ландо, Toby-Gutman Samuilovich Lando, also known as Guttman LandoShapiro, p. 102 or Gutman Landau; 1877 or 1878 – May 21, 1942) was a leader of the Bessarabian Jewish community, active in the Moldavian Democratic Republic and Romania.

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Hadım Suleiman Pasha (governor of Rumelia)

Hadım Suleiman Pasha (Hadım Süleyman Paşa, Hadâm Suleiman Paşa; 1474–1490) was an Ottoman statesman and general, who served as the governor (beylerbey) of the Rumelia Eyalet (fl. 1474) and the Anatolia Eyalet.

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Haia Lifșiț

Haia Lifşiţ or Lifschitz (Хая На́хмановна Ли́вшиц, Khaya Nakhmanovna Livshits; December 14, 1903 - August 17, 1929) was a Russian-born Romanian communist who died as a result of a hunger strike while in detention for her political opinions.

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Hannah Lamdan

Hannah Lamdan (חנה למדן, born Hannah Lerner on 5 January 1905, died 10 April 1995) was an Israeli politician who served as a member of the Knesset for several left-wing parties between 1949 and 1965.

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Hans Graf von Sponeck

Hans Graf von Sponeck (12 February 1888 – 23 July 1944) was a German general during World War II who was imprisoned for disobeying orders and later executed.

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Harap Alb

"Harap Alb" or "Harap-Alb" or "White Moor" is the chief character as well as the title of a Romanian-language fairy tale by Ion Creangă, known in full as Povestea lui Harap Alb ("The Story of Harap Alb").

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Harry Mayerovitch

Harry Mayerovitch (April 16, 1910 – April 16, 2004), was a Canadian architect, artist, illustrator, author and cartoonist.

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Hasidic Judaism

Hasidism, sometimes Hasidic Judaism (hasidut,; originally, "piety"), is a Jewish religious group.

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Hayim Greenberg

Hayim Greenberg (חַיִּים גרינברג ‎ 1889, Bessarabia – 1953) was a Jewish-American thinker and Labor Zionist thinker.

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Hâjdău

Hâjdău (with several spelling versions, such as Hâjdeu, Hasdeu, Hîjdău, etc.) was the name of a Romanian boyar family from Bessarabia, who activated in Poland, Russian Empire, and Romania.

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Hîncești District

Hîncești is a district (raion) of Moldova, with the city of Hîncești as its administrative center.

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Heim ins Reich

The Heim ins Reich (meaning "back home to the Reich") was a foreign policy pursued by Adolf Hitler during World War II, beginning in 1938.

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Heinkel He 112

The Heinkel He 112 is a German fighter aircraft designed by Walter and Siegfried Günter.

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Heinkel He 112 operational service

Heinkel's He 112 was a fighter aircraft designed by Walter and Siegfried Günter.

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Heinrich Fink

Heinrich Fink (born 31 March 1935) is a German theologian, former university professor and politician (Die Linke).

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Heinrich Lhotzky

Heinrich Lhotzky (April 21, 1859 in Klausnitz/Claußnitz – November 24, 1930 in Ludwigshafen am Bodensee) was a German-born Protestant author (religiöser Schriftsteller).

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Heinz Schöch

Heinz Schöch (born 20 August 1940) is a German Law professor and Criminologist.

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Helen of Greece and Denmark

Helen of Greece and Denmark (Ελένη, Eleni;; 2 May 1896 – 28 November 1982), was a queen mother of Romania during the reign of her son King Michael (1940–1947).

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Hellebækgård

Hellebækgård (English: Hellebæk House) is a Rococo-style mansion in Hellebæk, Helsingør Municipality, North Zealand, located 5 km northwest of Helsingør and some 40 km north of Copenhagen, Denmark.

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Henri Mathias Berthelot

Henri Mathias Berthelot (1861–1931) was a French general during World War I. He held an important staff position under Joseph Joffre, the French commander-in-chief, at the First Battle of the Marne, before later commanding a corps in the front line.

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Henri Torrès

Henry Torrès (1891–1966) was a flamboyant French trial lawyer and politician, and a prolific writer on political and legal matters.

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Henric Sanielevici

Henric Sanielevici (first name also Henri, Henry or Enric, last name also Sanielevich; September 21, 1875 – February 19, 1951) was a Romanian journalist and literary critic, also remembered for his work in anthropology, ethnography, sociology and zoology.

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Herman Fuchs

Herman Samuel Fuchs (10 December 1900 – November 1967) was a violinist who provided music for the Frank Buck movie Jungle Cavalcade.

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Hertsa Raion

Hertsa Raion (Герцаївський район, translit.: Hertsaiivs'kyi raion; Raionul Herța) is an administrative raion (district) in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast in western Ukraine, on the Romanian border.

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Hertza region

Hertza region (Край Герца, Kraj Herca; Ținutul Herța) is a border region within an administrative district (raion) of Hertsa (Herța) in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast in southwestern Ukraine, near Romania.

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Herzog family

The Herzog family is a Jewish family that includes the sixth President of Israel and the Chief Rabbi of Israel.

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Hillel Poisic

Rabbi Hillel Poisic (15.1.1881 Zlatopol, Ukraine – 1953 Tel Aviv, Israel) was a communal worker and Torah scholar.

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Historical regions of Romania

The historical regions of Romania are located in Central and Southeastern Europe.

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History of Bălți

Bălţi is the second largest city in Moldova.

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History of Bulgaria

The history of Bulgaria can be traced from the first settlements on the lands of modern Bulgaria to its formation as a nation-state and includes the history of the Bulgarian people and their origin.

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History of Christianity in Romania

The history of Christianity in Romania began within the Roman province of Lower Moesia, where many Christians were martyred at the end of the 3rd century.

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History of Christianity in Ukraine

The history of Christianity in Ukraine dates back to the earliest centuries of the apostolic church and according to Radziwiłł Chronicle Saint Andrew has ascended on hills of the future city of Kiev.

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History of Gagauzia

The Gagauz people descend from the Seljuk Turks that settled in Dobruja, together with the Pechenegs, Uz (Oghuz) and Cuman (Kipchak) people that followed the Anatolian Seljuk Sultan İzzeddin Keykavus II (1236-1276).

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History of Moldova

The history of Moldova can be traced to the 1350s, when the Principality of Moldavia, the medieval precursor of modern Moldova and Romania, was founded.

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History of Romania

This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the history of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below).

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History of Romanian

The history of the Romanian language began in the Roman provinces of Southeast Europe north of the so-called "Jireček Line", but the exact place where its formation started is still debated.

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History of Russia

The History of Russia begins with that of the East Slavs.

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History of Russia (1796–1855)

In Russian history, the period from 1796 to 1855 (covering the reigns of Paul I, Alexander I and Nicholas I) saw the Napoleonic wars, Government reform, political reorganization and economic growth.

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History of Russia (1855–92)

In 1855 Alexander II began his reign as Tsar of Russia, and presided over a period of political and social reform, notably the emancipation of serfs in 1861 and the lifting of censorship.

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History of the Balkans

The Balkans is an area situated in Southeastern and Eastern Europe.

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History of the flags of Romania

The colors of the national flag of Romania (Drapelul României) have a long history.

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History of the Jews in Bessarabia

The history of the Jews in Bessarabia, a historical region in Eastern Europe, dates back hundreds of years.

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History of the Jews in Curaçao

The history of the Jews in Curaçao can be traced back to the mid-17th century, when the first Jewish immigrants began to arrive.

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History of the Jews in Russia

Jews in the Russian Empire have historically constituted a large religious diaspora; the vast territories of the Russian Empire at one time hosted the largest population of Jews in the world.

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History of the Jews in Sweden

Church records at Stockholm Cathedral record several Jewish families entering Sweden and being baptised into the Lutheran Church, a condition at that time imposed upon any Jew who desired to settle in Sweden.

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History of the Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I. As sultan Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (today named Istanbul) in 1453, the state grew into a mighty empire.

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History of the Soviet Union (1927–1953)

The history of the Soviet Union between 1927 and 1953 covers the period in Soviet history from establishment of Stalinism through victory in the Second World War and down to the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953.

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History of Transnistria

This is the history of Transnistria.

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History of Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in central and northwestern Romania.

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History of Ukraine

Prehistoric Ukraine, as part of the Pontic steppe, has played an important role in Eurasian cultural contacts, including the spread of the Chalcolithic, the Bronze Age, Indo-European expansion and the domestication of the horse.

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Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen

Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was a small principality in southwestern Germany.

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Holocaust trains

Holocaust trains were railway transports run by the Deutsche Reichsbahn national railway system under the strict supervision of the German Nazis and their allies, for the purpose of forcible deportation of the Jews, as well as other victims of the Holocaust, to the German Nazi concentration, forced labour, and extermination camps.

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Holy Trinity Cathedral (Lymanske)

Holy Trinity Cathedral – is a ruinate church in the German Catholic settlement of Kandel, now Lymanske in Rozdilna Raion, Odessa Oblast, Ukraine.

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Horst Köhler

Horst Köhler (born 22 February 1943) is a German politician of the Christian Democratic Union, and served as President of Germany from 2004 to 2010.

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Hotin County

Hotin County was a county (ținut is Middle Ages and Early Modern Period, județ after) in the Principality of Moldavia (1359-1812), the Governorate of Bessarabia (1812–1917), the Moldavian Democratic Republic (1917–1918), and the Kingdom of Romania (1918–1940, 1941-1944).

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House of Basarab

The Basarabs (also Bazarabs or Bazaraads, Basarab) were a family which had an important role in the establishing of the Principality of Wallachia, giving the country its first line of Princes, one closely related with the Mușatin rulers of Moldavia.

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Hristo Botev

Hristo Botev (Христо Ботев, also transliterated as Hristo Botyov), born Hristo Botyov Petkov (Христо Ботьов Петков), was a Bulgarian poet and national revolutionary.

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Hugo Stinnes

Hugo Dieter Stinnes (12 February 1870 – 10 April 1924) was a German industrialist and politician.

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Hungarian–Romanian War

The Hungarian–Romanian War was fought between the First Hungarian Republic and the Hungarian Soviet Republic and the Kingdom of Romania.

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Hungary–Slovakia relations

Hungary and Slovakia are two neighboring countries in Central Europe.

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I. A. L. Diamond

I.

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Iachim Grosul

Iachim Sergheevici Grosul (name also rendered as Yakim Grosul) (21 September 1912 – 28 September 1976) was a Moldovan scientist, and the first president of the Academy of Science of the Moldavian SSR in the Soviet Union.

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Iacov Sucevan

Iacov Sucevan (1869 – March 26, 1929) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Iași pogrom

The Iași pogrom or Jassy pogrom (pronounced:Yash) of 29 June 1941 was a series of pogroms launched by governmental forces under Ion Antonescu in the Romanian city of Iaşi (Jassy) against its Jewish population, resulting in the murder of at least 13,266 Jews, according to Romanian authorities.

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Ialoveni District

Ialoveni is a district (raion) in the central part of Moldova, with the administrative center at Ialoveni.

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Ida Hoff

Ida Hoff (8 January 1880 - 5 August 1952) was a pioneering doctor in Switzerland.

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Idel Ianchelevici

Idel Ianchelevici (5 May 1909 – 28 June 1994) was a Russian-born Romanian and Belgian sculptor and draughtsman.

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Ieremia Cecan

Ieremia Cecan (first name also Jeremia, Eremia or Irimia, last name also Ciocan; Иеремия Чекан; 1867 or 1868 – June 27, 1941) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian journalist, Bessarabian Orthodox priest, and far-right political figure.

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Ignație Budișteanu

Ignaţie Budişteanu was a Bessarabian politician.

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Igor Kostin

Igor Fedorovich Kostin (27 December 1936 – 9 June 2015) was one of the five photographers in the world to take pictures of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster near Pripyat in Ukraine, on 26 April 1986.

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Igor Ursenco

Igor Ursenco (born 9 February 1971) is a Moldovan-born Romanian poet, fiction writer, screenwriter, culturologist, pedagogue, political analyst, and polyglot translator.

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Ilarion Buiuc

Ilarion Buiuc (born 1891, date of death unknown) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Ilie Bărbulescu (linguist)

Ilie Bărbulescu (December 3, 1873 – June 5, 1945) was a Romanian linguist and philologist who specialized in the Slavic languages, also noted as a political journalist and Conservative Party cadre.

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Ilie Cătărău

Ilie V. Cătărău (reportedly born Katarov, last name also Cătărău-Orhei; Bogdan Florin Popovici,,; retrieved October 20, 2011 1888 – ca. 1952) was a Bessarabian-born political adventurer, soldier and spy, who spent parts of his life in Romania.

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Immanuel Winkler

Immanuel Winkler (June 3, 1886 in Sarata – June 18, 1932 in Winnipeg), born Adolf Immanuel Mathaeus Winkler, was a pastor in Hoffnungstal (today Tsebrykove, Ukraine) and author.

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Imperial Russian Army

The Imperial Russian Army (Ру́сская импера́торская а́рмия) was the land armed force of the Russian Empire, active from around 1721 to the Russian Revolution of 1917.

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Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland

The Infantry Regiment Großdeutschland (Infanterie-Regiment "Großdeutschland"; "Greater Germany" Infantry Regiment) was an élite German Army ceremonial and combat unit which saw action during World War II.

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Inochentism

Inochentism (occasionally translated as Innocentism or the Inochentist church; Russian: Иннокентьевцы, Innokentevtsy) is a millennialist and Charismatic Christian sect, split from mainstream Eastern Orthodoxy in the early 20th century.

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International Wind- and Watermill Museum

The International Wind- and Watermill Museum (Internationales Wind- und Wassermühlen-Museum), at Gifhorn in the German state of Lower Saxony, is the only one of its kind in Europe.

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Interwar period

In the context of the history of the 20th century, the interwar period was the period between the end of the First World War in November 1918 and the beginning of the Second World War in September 1939.

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Ioan Gheorghe Savin

Ioan Gheorghe Savin (December 19, 1885 – February 22, 1973) was a Romanian theologian, within the Romanian Orthodox Church.

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Ioan Pușcariu

Ioan Pușcariu (September 28, 1824 – December 24, 1911) was an Austro-Hungarian ethnic Romanian historian, genealogist and administrator.

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Ioan Sturdza

Ioan Sandu Sturdza (or Ioniţă Sandu Sturdza) was a Prince of Moldavia from 21 June 1822 to 5 May 1828.

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Ion Agârbiceanu

Ion Agârbiceanu (September 12, 1882 – May 28, 1963) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian writer, journalist, politician, theologian and Greek-Catholic priest.

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Ion Antonescu

Ion Antonescu (– June 1, 1946) was a Romanian soldier and authoritarian politician who, as the Prime Minister and Conducător during most of World War II, presided over two successive wartime dictatorships.

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Ion Buzdugan

Ion Alion Buzdugan (Romanian Cyrillic and Ион Буздуган, born Ivan Alexandrovici Buzdâga;Onisifor Ghibu, "Trei luni din viața Basarabiei", in Societatea de Mâine, Nr. 13/1924, p. 283Constantin Poenaru, "Viața bucovineană în Rîmnicu-Vâlcea postbelic (II)", in Revista Română (ASTRA), Nr. 4/2009, p. 14 March 9, 1887 – January 29, 1967) was a Bessarabian-Romanian poet, folklorist, and politician.

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Ion Cazacliu

Ion Cazacliu (1870–1933, Chişinău) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Ion Codreanu (politician)

Ion Stepanovici Codreanu (14 April 1879 in Ştefăneşti, Floreşti, Soroca County – 15 February 1949 in Bucharest) was a Moldovan politician.

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Ion Creangă

Ion Creangă (also known as Nică al lui Ștefan a Petrei, Ion Torcălău and Ioan Ștefănescu; March 1, 1837 – December 31, 1889) was a Moldavian, later Romanian writer, raconteur and schoolteacher.

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Ion Creangă (politician)

Ion Creangă (born 1883 in Corjova) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Ion Gigurtu

Ion Gigurtu (24 June 1886 – 24 November 1959) was a far-right Romanian politician, Land Forces officer, engineer and industrialist who served a brief term as Prime Minister from 4 July to 4 September 1940, under the personal regime of King Carol II.

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Ion Harbuz

Ion Harbuz was a Bessarabian politician.

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Ion I. C. Brătianu

Ion I. C. Brătianu (also known as Ionel Brătianu; 20 August 1864 – 24 November 1927) was a Romanian politician, leader of the National Liberal Party (PNL), Prime Minister of Romania for five terms, and Foreign Minister on several occasions; he was the eldest son of statesman and PNL leader Ion Brătianu, the brother of Vintilă and Dinu Brătianu, and the father of Gheorghe I. Brătianu.

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Ion Ignatiuc

Ion Ignatiuc (15 February 1893, Prepeliţa - 23 January 1943) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Ion Inculeț

Ion C. Inculeț (April 5, 1884 – November 18, 1940) was a Bessarabian politician and the president of the Moldavian Democratic Republic.

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Ion Mihalache

Ion Mihalache (March 3, 1882 – February 5, 1963) was a Romanian agrarian politician, the founder and leader of the Peasants' Party (PȚ) and a main figure of its successor, the National Peasants' Party (PNȚ).

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Ion Moraru

Ion Moraru (born 9 March 1929) is a Moldovan activist and author.

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Ion Negoițescu

Ion Negoiţescu (also known as Nego; August 10, 1921 – February 6, 1993) was a Romanian literary historian, critic, poet, novelist and memoirist, one of the leading members of the Sibiu Literary Circle.

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Ion Nistor

Ion I. Nistor (August 16, 1876 – November 11, 1962) was a prominent Romanian historian and politician.

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Ion Păscăluță

Ion Păscăluță was a Bessarabian politician.

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Ion Popa (1910s politician)

Ion Popa (born 1889, date of death unknown) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Ion Tudose

Ion Tudose (October 10, 1884 in Hâjdieni) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Ion Văluță

Ion Văluţă (May 1, 1894, Obreja Veche - 1981, Bucharest) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Iona Yakir

Iona Emmanuilovich Yakir (Иона Эммануилович Якир; August 3, 1896 – June 12, 1937) was a Red Army commander and one of the world's major military reformers between World War I and World War II.

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Ioniță Cuza

Ion Cuza or Cuzea, commonly known as Ioniță Cuza (ca. 1715 – August 18, 1778), was a Moldavian statesman and political conspirator, remembered as one of the first Romanian nationalists and Freemasons.

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Iosif Chișinevschi

Iosif Chișinevschi (1905–1963), born Iosif Roitman, was a Romanian communist politician.

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Irina Livezeanu

Irina Livezeanu (born 1952) is a Romanian-born American historian.

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Iris brandzae

Iris brandzae is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus of Limniris and in Series Spuriae.

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Iron Curtain

The Iron Curtain was the name for the boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991.

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Iron Guard

The Iron Guard (Garda de fier) is the name most commonly given to a far-right movement and political party in Romania in the period from 1927 into the early part of World War II.

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Irredentism

Irredentism is any political or popular movement that seeks to reclaim and reoccupy a land that the movement's members consider to be a "lost" (or "unredeemed") territory from their nation's past.

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Irving Howe

Irving Howe (June 11, 1920 – May 5, 1993) was a Jewish American literary and social critic and a prominent figure of the Democratic Socialists of America.

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Isa Kremer

Isabelle Yakovlevna Kremer (21 October 1887 – 7 July 1956) was a soprano of Russian Jewish descent who at various times of her life held citizenship in Russia, the United States, and Argentina.

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Isaak Bubis

Isaak Markovich Bubis (1 January 1910 — 5 June 2000) was a Moldavian Soviet engineer and architect.

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Isaccea

Isaccea (İshakçı) is a small town in Tulcea County, in Dobruja, Romania, on the right bank of the Danube, 35 km north-west of Tulcea.

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Islam in Romania

Islam in Romania is followed by only 0.3 percent of population, but has 700 years of tradition in Northern Dobruja, a region on the Black Sea coast which was part of the Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries (ca. 1420-1878).

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Ismail County

Ismail was a county (județ) of Romania, in Bessarabia, with the capital city at Ismail.

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Israel Gohberg

Israel Gohberg (ישראל גוכברג; Изра́иль Цу́дикович Го́хберг; 23 August 1928 – 12 October 2009) was a Bessarabian-born Soviet and Israeli mathematician, most known for his work in operator theory and functional analysis, in particular linear operators and integral equations.

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Italian exonyms

Below is list of Italian language exonyms for places in non-Italian-speaking areas of Europe: In recent years, the use of Italian exonyms for lesser known places has significantly decreased, in favour of the foreign toponym.

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Iulian Levinski

Iulian Levinski (1859–1923) was a Bessarabian politician, mayor of Chişinău between 1910–1917 and 1920–1922.

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Iuliu Maniu

Iuliu Maniu (January 8, 1873 – February 5, 1953) was a Romanian politician.

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Iustin Frățiman

Lustin Ştefan Frăţiman (June 1, 1870, Cuhureştii de Jos - September 23, 1927, Cuhureştii de Jos) was a historian and activist from Bessarabia.

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Ivan Aksakov

Ivan Sergeyevich Aksakov (Ива́н Серге́евич Акса́ков;, village Nadezhdino, Belebey Uyezd, Orenburg Governorate –, Moscow) was a Russian littérateur and notable Slavophile.

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Ivan Boldin

Ivan Vasilievich Boldin (Иван Васильевич Болдин;, Vysokaya – March 28, 1965, Kiev) was a senior Red Army general during the Second World War.

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Ivan Inzov

Ivan Nikitich Inzov (Иван Никитич Инзов; 1768-1845) was a Russian commander in the Patriotic War of 1812 and Governor of Bessarabia from 1818.

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Ivan Kolev (general)

Ivan Kolev Stoyanov (Иван Колев Стоянов) (15 September 1863 in Banovka – 29 July 1917 in Vienna) was a Bulgarian lieutenant general and distinguished cavalry commander during World War I.

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Ivan Seliminski

Dr.

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Ivan Turbincă

"Ivan Turbincă" (in full Povestea lui Ivan Turbincă, "The Story of Ivan Turbincă") is an 1880 short story, fairy tale and satirical text by Romanian writer Ion Creangă, echoing themes common in Romanian and European folklore.

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Izmail

Izmail (translit. Izmayil; Измаил, translit. Izmail; Ismail; also referred to as Ismail; Izmaił, Исмаил) is a historic city on the Danube river in Odessa Oblast in south-western Ukraine.

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Izmail Oblast

Izmail Oblast (7 August 1940 — 15 February 1954) was formerly an oblast in the Ukrainian SSR.

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Izmail Raion

Izmailsky Raion (Ізмаїльський район Izmayil's'kyi rayon; Измаильский район Izmail'skii raion; Raionul Ismail) is a raion (administrative division) in Odessa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine.

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Jacobo Fijman

Jacobo Fijman (1898–1970) was an Argentine poet born in Orhei, Bessarabia, now in Moldova.

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Jacques Brotchi

Jacques Brotchi (born 1942) is a Belgian professor of neurosurgery and a politician from the MR.

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Jacques Dicker

Jacques Dicker (1879, Khotyn, BessarabiaGattiker, Annetta.. Berne: H. Lang, 1975. p. 107 – November 17, 1942, GenevaHistorisches Lexikon Schweiz.) was a Ukrainian-born Swiss socialist politician and lawyer.

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Jahn Cernăuți

Jahn Cernăuți was a German football club from Czernowitz, Bukovina (then in Austria-Hungary, subsequently Kingdom of Romania, nowadays in Ukraine).

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Jakov Nenadović

Jakov Nenadović (Јаков Ненадовић; 1765–1836) was the first Serbian interior minister.

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Jan Rogowski

Jan Rogowski (cichociemny) (noms de guerre Jan Szulak, Piotr Jaczynski, Julian Koba, Zbigniew Plecki, Piotr Pomerski, Stefan Zawidzki, Czarka, Kacz) was a soldier of the Polish Army, Polish Armed Forces in the West and the Home Army.

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January 1914

The following events occurred in January 1914.

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Japca Monastery

The Japca Monastery (Mănăstirea Japca) is a monastery in Florești District, Moldova.

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Jassy–Kishinev Offensive

The Jassy–Kishinev Operation, named after the two major cities, Iași and Chișinău, in the staging area, was a Soviet offensive against Axis forces, which took place in Eastern Romania from 20 to 29 August 1944 during World War II.

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Jauch family

The Jauch family of Germany is a Hanseatic family which can be traced back till the Late Middle Ages.

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Jewish gauchos

Jewish gauchos (Spanish: gauchos judíos) were Jewish immigrants who settled in fertile regions of Argentina in agricultural colonies established by the Jewish Colonization Association.

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Jewish Party (Romania)

The Jewish Party, in full Jewish Party of Romania (Partidul Evreiesc din România, PER; המפלגה היהודית הרומנית) or Jewish National Party (Partidul Național Evreiesc or Evreesc, PNE; Országos Zsidó Párt), Adrian Niculescu,, in Observator Cultural, Nr.

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Jewish Social Democratic Party

The Jewish Social Democratic Party (in Yiddish, Yidishe sotsial-demokratishe partey, Żydowska Partia Socjal-Demokratyczna, abbreviated ŻPS) was a political party in Galicia and later also Bukovina, established in a split from the Polish Social Democratic Party of Galicia (PPSD) in 1905.

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Jewish Territorialist Organization

The Jewish Territorial Organisation, known as the ITO, was a Jewish political movement which first arose in 1903 in response to the British Uganda Offer, but which was institutionalized in 1905.

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Joachim III of Bulgaria

Joachim III (Йоаким III) was the Patriarch of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church between c. 1282 and 1300, when the Second Bulgarian Empire reached its lowest point of decline during the reign of the emperors George Terter I, Smilets and Chaka.

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John Reed (journalist)

John Silas "Jack" Reed (October 22, 1887 – October 17, 1920) was an American journalist, poet, and socialist activist, best remembered for Ten Days That Shook the World, his first-hand account of the Bolshevik Revolution.

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Jon Appleton

Jon Howard Appleton (born January 4, 1939) is an American composer and teacher who was a pioneer in electro-acoustic music.

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Josef Alois Kessler

Joseph Aloysius Kessler (Josef Alois Kessler, Иосиф Алоиз Кесслер; August 12, 1862 – December 10, 1933) was the last bishop of the Diocese of Tiraspol (Russia) and the last Volga German bishop till Bishop Joseph Werth, SJ.

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Joseph Rabinowitz

Joseph Rabinowitz, also Rabinovich (23 September 1837 – 17 May 1899) was a member of a Jewish Christian congregation in Russia.

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Joseph Thauberger

Joseph Thauberger (26 August 1909 – 21 April 1998) was a Canadian farmer and politician.

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Joseph W. Boyle

Joseph Whiteside Boyle DSO (6 November 1867 - 14 April 1923), better known as Klondike Joe Boyle, was a Canadian adventurer who became a businessman and entrepreneur in the United Kingdom.

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Joseph Zaritsky

Joseph (Yossef) Zaritsky (September 1, 1891 – November 30, 1985;יוסף זריצקי) was one of Israel's greatest artists and one of the early promoters of modern art in the Land of Israel both during the period of the Yishuv (the body of Jewish residents in the Land of Israel before the establishment of the State of Israel) and after the establishment of the State.

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Jozef Jaklicz

Jozef Jaklicz (1894–1974) was a soldier of the Austro-Hungarian Army and the Polish Legions in World War I, and officer of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic, nominated to the rank of General brygady.

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June 1934

The following events occurred in June 1934.

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June 1940

The following events occurred in June 1940.

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June 26

No description.

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June 28

In common years it is always in ISO week 26.

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Kalderash

The Kalderash are a subgroup of the Romani people.

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Karađorđe

Đorđe Petrović OSA (Ђорђе Петровић), better known by the sobriquet Black George, or Karađorđe (Карађорђе,; –), was a Serbian revolutionary leader who fought for his country's independence from the Ottoman Empire during the First Serbian Uprising of 1804–1813.

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Karl Kessler

Karl Fedorovich Kessler (19 November 1815 – 3 March 1881) was a German-Russian zoologist and author of zoological taxa signed Kessler, who was mostly active in Kiev, Ukraine and conducted most of his studies of birds in Ukrainian regions of the Russian Empire - Kiev Governorate, Volyn Governorate, Kherson Governorate, Poltava Governorate and Bessarabia.

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Kartamyshevska Street

Kartamyshevska Street (Вулиця Картамишевська) is a street in the historical district of Moldavanka in Odessa, Ukraine.

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Kassian Bogatyrets

Kassian Dmitrievich Bogatyrets, or Kasyan Dmytrovych Bohatyrets (Rusyn and Кассиан Дмитриевич Богатырец; Касіян Димитрович Богатирець; Casian Bohatireț, Bohatereț, or Bohatyretz; November 5, 1868 – July 28, 1960), was an Eastern Orthodox priest, church historian, and Rusyn community leader in Bukovina.

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Kazarig

Kazarig (Aramaic: ܟܙܪܝܓ), was the name of a dynasty of Hunno-Bulgar rulers in the Land of Kedar.

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Kelmentsi Raion

Kelmentsi Raion (Кельменецький район) is an administrative raion (district) in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast in western Ukraine, on the Romanian border.

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Kherson Governorate

The Kherson Governorate (1802–1922) (Херсонская губерния, translit.: Khersonskaya guberniya; Херсонська губернія, translit.: Khersons`ka huberniya) or Government of Kherson was a guberniya, or administrative territorial unit, between the Dnieper and Dniester Rivers, of the Russian Empire.

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Khotin Uprising

The Khotin Uprising was an insurrection by Ukrainians in northern Bessarabia less than a year after its Union with the Romanian Kingdom, on January 23–February 1, 1919.

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Khotyn

Khotyn (Хотин,; Hotin; see other names) is a city in Chernivtsi Oblast of western Ukraine, and is the administrative center of Khotyn Raion within the oblast, and is located south-west of Kamianets-Podilskyi.

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Khotyn Fortress

The Khotyn Fortress (Хотинська фортеця, twierdza w Chocimiu, Hotin Kalesi, Cetatea Hotinului) is a fortification complex located on the right bank of the Dniester River in Khotyn, Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of western Ukraine.

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Khotyn Raion

Khotyn Raion (Хотинський район) is an administrative raion (district) in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast in western Ukraine, on the Romanian border.

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Kiliya

Kiliya (Кілія; Килия; Chilia; Moldovan (Cyrillic): Килия; Kilia;, Kellía; Kilya) is a small city in Odessa Oblast (province) of southwestern Ukraine.

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Kiliya Raion

Kiliya Rayon is a raion (district) in Odessa Oblast of Ukraine.

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Kilometre Zero (Bucharest)

The Kilometre Zero monument (Romanian: Kilometrul Zero) located in central Bucharest, Romania, in front of Saint George's Church, was created by Constantin Baraski in 1938.

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Kingdom of Romania

The Kingdom of Romania (Regatul României) was a constitutional monarchy in Southeastern Europe which existed from 1881, when prince Carol I of Romania was proclaimed King, until 1947, when King Michael I of Romania abdicated and the Parliament proclaimed Romania a republic.

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Kira Muratova

Kira Heorhiyivna Muratova (Кіра Георгіївна Мура́това; née Korotkova, 5 November 1934 – 6 June 2018) was a Ukrainian award-winning film director, screenwriter and actress, known for her unusual directorial style.

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Kirill Kovaldzhi

Kirill Vladimirovich Kovaldzhi (Кирилл Владимирович Ковальджи; March 14, 1930 – April 10, 2017) was a Russian poet, novelist, literary critic and translator.

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Kishinev pogrom

The Kishinev pogrom was an anti-Jewish riot that took place in Kishinev, then the capital of the Bessarabia Governorate in the Russian Empire, on April 19 and 20, 1903.

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Klezmer

Klezmer (Yiddish: כליזמר or קלעזמער (klezmer), pl.: כליזמרים (klezmorim) – instruments of music) is a musical tradition of the Ashkenazi Jews of Eastern Europe.

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Klezmer fiddle

Klezmer (Yiddish: Klezmer (כליזמר or קלעזמער, pl. כליזמר, כליזמרים, from the Hebrew כלי זמר meaning "vessel of song") is a genre of fiddle music rooted in the medieval shtetl (villages) of Eastern Europe, where wandering Ashkenazi musicians (Klezmorim) played at bar mitzvahs, weddings and holidays (simkhes). ritual of rabbinic Judaism.

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Kogălniceanu family

The Kogălniceanu, Kogălniceanul or Cogâlniceanu family (Familia Kogălniceanu, Kogălniceni or Kogălnicenii; Francized de Kogalnitchan) was one of the major political, intellectual and aristocratic families in Moldavia, with branches in modern Romania.

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Konda Bimbaša

Konda (Конда, March 1804–d. May/June 1807) was an Ottoman Greek mercenary in Alija Gušanac's Dahije detachment in the Sanjak of Smederevo who switched sides to the Serb rebels during the First Serbian Uprising, proclaimed a hero for his efforts in the Siege of Belgrade (1806).

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Kosivka, Odessa Oblast

Kosivka (Ukrainian: Косівка, Russian: Косовка) — a village in Ukraine of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Raion (sub-region) of Odessa Oblast (region).

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Krasne, Tarutyne Raion

Krasne (Ukrainian Красне; Russian Красное/Krasnoje; Romanian Crasna) is a village in the Odessa Oblast, Ukraine, with about 1,300 inhabitants (2001).

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Krste Misirkov

Krste Petkov Misirkov (Кръстьо Петков Мисирков; Крсте Петков Мисирков) (18 November 1874, Postol, Ottoman Empire – 26 July 1926, Sofia, Kingdom of Bulgaria) was a philologist, slavist, historian and ethnographer.

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Kuhurluy

Kuhurluy (озеро Кугурлуй) is a lake in the south-western Ukraine, in the south of Bessarabia.

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KVINT

KVINT (acronym for Kon’iaki, vina i napitki Tiraspol’ia ("divins, wines, and beverages of Tiraspol")) is a winery and distillery based in Tiraspol, the administrative center of Transnistria.

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Land reform in Romania

Four major land reforms have taken place in Romania: in 1864, 1921, 1945 and 1991.

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Laura Hidalgo

Laura Hidalgo (1 May 1927 – 18 November 2005) was a Romanian-born Argentine actress.

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László Dombrovszky

László Dombrovszky (born 7 August 1894 in Orhei, near Kishinev, Bessarabia (Eastern Moldova)) was a painter born as Stanislaw Dombrowski.

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Lăpușna County (Romania)

Lăpușna County was between 1925 and 1938 a county județ) in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Lăutarii

Lăutarii (Лаутары) is a 1972 Soviet romantic drama film directed by Emil Loteanu.

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League Against Usury

The League Against Usury (Liga contra Cametei, LCC, or Liga împotriva Cametei) was a single-issue, mainly agrarian, political party in Romania.

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León Dujovne

León Dujovne (15 November 1898 – 16 January 1984) was an Argentine writer, philosopher, essayist and journalist.

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Legionnaires' rebellion and Bucharest pogrom

The Legionnaires' rebellion and the Bucharest pogrom occurred in Bucharest, Romania, between 21–23 January 1941.

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Leib Glantz

Leib Glantz (לייב גלאנץ; June 1, 1898 - January 27, 1964) was a Ukrainian-born lyrical tenor cantor (chazzan), Composer, Musicologist of Jewish music, Writer, Educator and Zionist leader.

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Leipzig, North Dakota

Leipzig is a ghost town in Grant County, North Dakota, United States.

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Len De Caux

Len De Caux (aka Leonard De Caux) (1899–1991) was a 20th-century labor activist in the United States of America who served as publicity director for the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) and worked to stop passage of the Taft-Hartley Act in 1947.

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Leo Cherne

Leo M. Cherne (September 8, 1912, The Bronx, New York – January 12, 1999) was an American economist, public servant, commentator, and an accomplished sculptor.

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Leonīds Breikšs

Leonīds Breikšs was a noted 1930s Latvian poet, journalist and patriot.

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Leonid Dimov

Leonid Dimov (Леонид Димов) (born January 11, 1926) was a Romanian postmodernist poet and translator in Izmail, Bassarabia.

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Leonida Țurcan

Leonida Ţurcan (born 1894 in Trifăuţi) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Leonida Lari

Leonida Lari (26 October 1949 – 11 December 2011) was a Romanian poet, journalist, and politician from the Republic of Moldova, who advocated for the reunion of Bessarabia with Romania.

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Leonte Răutu

Leonte Răutu (until 1945 Lev Nikolayevich (Nicolaievici) Oigenstein; February 28, 1910 – 1993) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian communist activist and propagandist.

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Leonte Tismăneanu

Leonte Tismăneanu (born Leonid Tisminetski; 1913–1981) was a Romanian communist activist and propagandist.

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Leova District

Leova District is a district (raion) in the central part of Moldova, bordering Romania, with the administrative center at Leova.

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Leskovdol

Leskovdol (Лесковдол) is a mountainous village in Bulgaria situated in Golema mountain, part of the Balkan mountain range.

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Lev Gutenmaher

Lev Israilevich Gutenmaher (Лев Изра́илевич Гутенма́хер) was a Soviet mathematician who conducted pioneering research in the area of computing technologies and made significant contributions to the early development of computer science.

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Lewis Milestone

Lewis Milestone (born Leib Milstein; September 30, 1895 – September 25, 1980) was a Russian-born American motion picture director.

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Lia van Leer

Lia van Leer (ליה ון ליר, née Greenberg; August 8, 1924 - March 13, 2015) was a pioneer in the field of art film programming and film archiving in Israel.

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Library of Congress Classification:Class D -- History, General and Old World

Class D: History, General and Old World is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system.

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Lipcani

Lipcani (Липкани, Липканы, ליפקאַן Lipkon) is a town in Briceni District, Moldova.

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Lipka Tatars

The Lipka Tatars (also known as Lithuanian Tatars, Polish Tatars, Lipkowie, Lipcani or Muślimi) are a group of Tatars who originally settled in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the beginning of the 14th century.

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List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions

The following is a list of adjectival forms of former regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these former regions.

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List of alternative country names

Most List of sovereign states have alternative names.

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List of campaigns of Suleiman the Magnificent

The imperial campaignsZürcher (1999), p. 38.

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List of country subdivisions named after people

This is a list of country subdivisions named after people.

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List of diplomats of the United Kingdom to Romania

The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Romania is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in Romania, and in charge of the UK's diplomatic mission in Romania.

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List of Einsatzgruppen

Einsatzgruppen (German for "task forces", "deployment groups"; singular Einsatzgruppe; official full name Einsatzgruppen der Sicherheitspolizei und des SD) were Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary death squads of Nazi Germany that were responsible for mass killings, primarily by shooting, during World War II.

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List of eponyms (A–K)

An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) from whom something is said to take its name.

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List of ethnic cleansing campaigns

This article lists incidents that have been termed ethnic cleansing by some academic or legal experts.

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List of etymologies of country subdivision names

This article provides a collection of the etymology of the names of country subdivisions.

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List of European regions with alternative names

Most regions and provinces of Europe have alternative names in different languages.

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List of expansion operations and planning of the Axis powers

Planning for global territorial expansion of the Axis powers; Germany, Italy and Japan, progressed before and during the Second World War.

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List of historical regions of Central Europe

There are many historical regions of Central Europe.

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List of irredentist claims or disputes

Not all territorial disputes are irredentist, although they are often couched in irredentist rhetoric to justify and legitimise such claims both internationally and within the country.

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List of mayors of Odessa, Ukraine

Throughout Odessa Ukraine's history, the office of Novorossiya Governor and Odessa mayor was closely aligned and often was held by the same leader.

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List of military occupations

This article presents a list of military occupations.

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List of Moldovans

This is a list of notable people, of all ethnicities, born in the Republic of Moldova, the Moldovan SSR or the historical province of Bessarabia.

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List of national border changes since World War I

List of national border changes since World War I refers to changes in borders between nations during or since 1914.

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List of oldest continuously inhabited cities

This is a list of present-day cities by the time period over which they have been continuously inhabited.

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List of pro-Axis leaders and governments or direct control in occupied territories

This is a list of Native Pro-Axis Leaders and Governments or Direct Control in Occupied Territories, including.

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List of Romanian coats of arms

The Romanian government is the armiger in Romania.

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List of rulers of Moldavia

This is a List of rulers of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity east of the Carpathians and until its disestablishment in 1862, when it united with Wallachia, the other Danubian Principality, to form the modern-day state of Romania.

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List of terrorist incidents

This list is incomplete.

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List of treaties

This list of treaties contains known historic agreements, pacts, peaces, and major contracts between states, armies, governments, and tribal groups.

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List of wars involving Romania

This is a list of wars fought by Romania since 1859.

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List of wars involving Russia

The following is an incomplete list of armed conflicts and wars fought by Russia, by Russian people, from antiquity to the present day.

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Literature of Moldova

Literature of Moldova comprises the literature of the principality of Moldavia, the later trans-Prut Moldavia, Bessarabia, the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic, and the modern Republic of Moldova, irrespective of the language.

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Liviu Deleanu

Liviu Deleanu (born Lipe Kligman; 21 February 1911, Iași - 12 May 1967, Chișinău) was a Moldovan and Romanian poet and playwright, a doyen of postwar Moldovan literature.

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Louis-Victor-Léon de Rochechouart

Louis-Victor-Léon de Rochechouart (14 September 1788, in Paris – 1858, in Jumilhac-le-Grand) was a French general of the House of Rochechouart fighting in the Royalist, Imperial Russian and Bourbon armies of the Napoleonic Wars.

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Luca Arbore

Luca Arbore or Arbure (Old Cyrillic:; Renaissance Latin: HerborusNicolae Iorga, "Cronică", in Revista Istorică, Issues 7–9/1934, p. 291 or Copacius; died April 1523) was a Moldavian boyar, diplomat, and statesman, several times commander of the country's military.

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Lucjan Żeligowski

Lucjan Żeligowski (1865–1947) was a Polish general, politician, military commander and veteran of World War I, the Polish-Soviet War and World War II.

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Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu

Lucrețiu Pătrășcanu (November 4, 1900 – April 17, 1954) was a Romanian communist politician and leading member of the Communist Party of Romania (PCR), also noted for his activities as a lawyer, sociologist and economist.

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Ludovic Dauș

Ludovic Dauș (– November 17, 1954) was a Romanian novelist, playwright, poet and translator, also known for his contributions as a politician and theatrical manager.

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Manfred Freiherr von Killinger

Manfred Freiherr von Killinger (14 July 1886 – 2 September 1944) was a German naval officer, Freikorps leader, military writer and Nazi politician.

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Manuc Bei

Manuc Bey (the common Romanian rendering of Manuk Bey, the Armenian name of Emanuel Mârzayan; 1769–1817) was an Armenian merchant, diplomat and inn-keeper.

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March 1917

The following events occurred in March 1917.

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March 27

No description.

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Maria Antonescu

Maria Antonescu (born Maria Niculescu, also known as Maria General Antonescu, later Maria Mareșal Antonescu, or Rica Antonescu; 3 November 1892 – 18 October 1964) was a Romanian socialite and philanthropist, the wife of World War II authoritarian Prime Minister and Conducător Ion Antonescu.

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Maria of Mangup

Maria Asanina Palaiologina (Μαρία Ασανίνα Παλαιολογίνα, died 19 December 1477), better known as Maria of Mangup or Maria of Doros, was the second wife of Prince Stephen the Great (reigned 1457–1504) and as such Princess consort of Moldavia from September 1472 to 1475 or 1477.

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Marie of Romania

Marie of Edinburgh, more commonly known as Marie of Romania (Marie Alexandra Victoria; 29 October 1875 – 18 July 1938), was the last Queen of Romania as the wife of King Ferdinand I. Born into the British royal family, she was titled Princess Marie of Edinburgh at birth.

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Marin Preda

Marin Preda (5 August 1922 – 16 May 1980) was a Romanian novelist, one of the best-known post-World War II Romanian writers.

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Mark Slonim

Mark Lvovich Slonim (Марк Льво́вич Сло́ним, also known as Marc Slonim and Marco Slonim; March 23, 1894 Giuseppina Giuliano,, entry; retrieved October 15, 2015 – 1976) was a Russian politician, literary critic, scholar and translator.

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Mark Zeltser

Mark Efimovich Zeltser (born 8 April 1947) is a Soviet-born American pianist.

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Markus Glaser

Markus or Marcu Glaser (April 25, 1880—May 25, 1950) was an Imperial Russian-born Romanian cleric, Apostolic Administrator of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Iaşi.

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Marshyntsi

Marshyntsi (Маршинці; Marșenița) is one of the Romanian-speaking villages of the Novoselytsia Raion (district) of Chernivtsi Oblast (province) in western Ukraine (the historical region of Bessarabia).

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Matei Donici

Matei Donici (1847 in Brănești – September 26, 1921 in Tighina) was a writer, general, and politician from Bessarabia.

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Matey Preobrazhenski

Father Matey Preobrazhenski (Матей Преображенски, "Matthew of the Transfiguration"; 1828–1 March 1875) was the clerical name of Mono Petrov Seizmonov (Моно Петров Сеизмонов), nicknamed Mitkaloto ("The Wandering One"), Ochmatey or Ochkata, a Bulgarian Orthodox priest, revolutionary, enlightener and a close friend of Vasil Levski.

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Maurice Herman Finkel

Maurice Herman Finkel (1888–1949) was an American architect and Yiddish theater actor.

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Maxim Karolik

Maxim Karolik (November 21, 1893 – December 20, 1963) was an opera singer for the Petrograd Grand Opera.

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May 16

No description.

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Media of Moldova

The media of Moldova refers to mass media outlets based in the Republic of Moldova.

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Meir Dizengoff

Meir Dizengoff (מאיר דיזנגוף, Меер Янкелевич Дизенгоф Meer Yankelevich Dizengof, 25 February 1861 – 23 September 1936) was a Zionist politician and the first mayor of Tel Aviv (1911-1922 as head of town planning, 1922-1936 as mayor).

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Meir Meivar

Meir Meivar (מאיר מיבר, born Meir Meiberg; Safed, Mandatory Palestine, 1918 – Jerusalem, Israel, 2000), was the Haganah commander of the city of Safed during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.

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Meir Zorea

Meir "Zarro" Zorea MC (מאיר זורע, born Meyer Zarodinsky (מאיר זארודינסקי) on 14 March 1923, died 24 June 1995) was a general in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and later a member of the Knesset.

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Mendel Portugali

Mendel Portugali (1888 – 13 January 1917) was one of the leading figures in the Second Aliyah and a founder of the Hashomer movement.

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Metropolis of Bessarabia

The Metropolis of Bessarabia (Mitropolia Basarabiei), also referred to as the Bessarabian Orthodox Church, is a Moldovan autonomous Eastern Orthodox Metropolitan bishopric of the Romanian Orthodox Church.

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Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova

The Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova (Mitropolia Chișinăului și a întregii Moldove; Кишинёвско-Молда́вская митропо́лия), also referred to as the Moldovan Orthodox Church (Biserica Ortodoxă din Moldova; Правосла́вная це́рковь Молдо́вы), is a self-governing church under the Russian Orthodox Church.

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Michael Davitt

Michael Davitt (Mícheál Mac Dáibhéid; 25 March 184630 May 1906) was an Irish republican and agrarian campaigner who founded the Irish National Land League.

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Michel Sturdza

Prince Mihail R. Sturdza (August 28, 1886 – February 5, 1980) Romanian nobleman and diplomat.

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Mieczysław Weinberg

Mieczysław Weinberg (also Moisey or Moishe Vainberg, Moisey Samuilovich Vaynberg; Моисей Самуилович Вайнберг; Mojsze Wajnberg; 8 December 1919 – 26 February 1996) was a Soviet composer of Polish-Jewish origin.

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Mișcarea femenistă

Mişcarea femenistă (The Feminist Movement) was a newspaper from Chişinău, Bessarabia, founded in 1933.

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Mihai Antonescu

Mihai Antonescu (18 November 1904 – 1 June 1946) was a Romanian politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister during World War II.

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Mihai Codreanu

Mihai Codreanu (July 25, 1876 – October 23, 1957) was a Romanian poet, particularly noted for his sonnets.

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Mihai Eminescu

Mihai Eminescu (born Mihail Eminovici; 15 January 1850 – 15 June 1889) was a Romantic poet, novelist and journalist, generally regarded as the most famous and influential Romanian poet.

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Mihai Racoviță

Mihai or Mihail Racoviță (died July 1744) was a Prince of Moldavia on three separate occasions (September 1703 – February 23, 1705; July 31, 1707 – October 28, 1709; January 5, 1716 – October 1726) and Prince of Wallachia on two occasions (between October 1730 and October 2, 1731, and from September 1741 until his death).

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Mihai Ralea

Mihai Dumitru Ralea (also known as Mihail Ralea, Michel Raléa, or Mihai Rale;Straje, p. 586 May 1, 1896 – August 17, 1964) was a Romanian social scientist, cultural journalist, and political figure.

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Mihai Viteazul Chișinău

Mihai Viteazul Chișinău was a football club from Chișinău, Kingdom of Romania.

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Mihail Ciachir

Mihail Ciachir (also spelled Çakir; April 27, 1861, Ceadîr-Lunga (Bessarabia) - September 8, 1938, Chișinău) was a Protoiereus and educator in the Gagauz language, and first publisher of Gagauz books in the erstwhile Russian Empire.

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Mihail Kogălniceanu

Mihail Kogălniceanu (also known as Mihail Cogâlniceanu, Michel de Kogalnitchan; September 6, 1817 – July 1, 1891) was a Moldavian, later Romanian liberal statesman, lawyer, historian and publicist; he became Prime Minister of Romania on October 11, 1863, after the 1859 union of the Danubian Principalities under Domnitor Alexandru Ioan Cuza, and later served as Foreign Minister under Carol I. He was several times Interior Minister under Cuza and Carol.

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Mihail Maculețchi

Mihail Maculeţchi (born 1861, Orhei) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Mihail Manoilescu

Mihail Manoilescu (December 9, 1891 – December 30, 1950) was a Romanian journalist, engineer, economist, politician and memoirist, who served as Foreign Minister of Romania during the summer of 1940.

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Mihail Minciună

Mihail Minciună (September 2, 1884 in Bogzeşti – February 4, 1935 in Bogzeşti) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Mihail Roller

Mihail Roller (first name also Mihai, also known as Rolea or Rollea; Mihai Stoian,, România Literară, 32/1999 May 6, 1908 – June 21, 1958) was a Romanian communist activist, historian and propagandist, who held a rigid ideological control over Romanian historiography and culture in the early years of the communist regime.

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Mihail Sadoveanu

Mihail Sadoveanu (occasionally referred to as Mihai Sadoveanu; November 5, 1880 – October 19, 1961) was a Romanian novelist, short story writer, journalist and political figure, who twice served as acting head of state for the communist republic (1947–1948 and 1958).

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Mihail Starenki

Mihail Starenki (born November 8, 1879, Kamianets-Podilskyi) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Mikhail Kutuzov

Prince Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov (князь Михаи́л Илларио́нович Голени́щев-Куту́зов) was a Field Marshal of the Russian Empire.

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Mikhail Meltyukhov

Mikhail Ivanovich Meltyukhov (Russian: Михаил Иванович Мельтюхов), (born 14 March 1966), is a Russian military historian.

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Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov

Prince Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov (Михаи́л Семёнович Воронцо́в; &ndash) was a Russian prince and field-marshal, renowned for his success in the Napoleonic wars and most famous for his participation in the Caucasian War from 1844 to 1853.

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Mikhoel Felsenbaum

Mikhoel Felzenbaum (מיכאל פֿעלזענבאַום) (Russian:Михо́эл Фельзенба́ум); (born 1951 in Vasylkiv, Ukraine, USSR) is a postmodernist Yiddish novelist, poet and playwright.

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Military history of Romania

The military history of Romania deals with conflicts spreading over a period of about 2500 years across the territory of modern Romania, the Balkan Peninsula and Eastern Europe and the role of the Romanian military in conflicts and peacekeeping worldwide.

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Military history of the Russian Empire

The military history of the Russian Empire encompasses the history of armed conflict in which the Russian Empire participated.

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Military history of the Soviet Union

The military history of the Soviet Union began in the days following the 1917 October Revolution that brought the Bolsheviks to power.

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Military occupations by the Soviet Union

During World War II, the Soviet Union occupied and annexed several countries effectively handed over by Nazi Germany in the secret protocol Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of 1939.

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Ministry of Internal Affairs (Moldova)

The Ministry of Internal Affairs of Moldova is one of the nine ministries of the Government of Moldova.

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Minorities of Romania

About 10.5% of Romania's population is represented by minorities (the rest of 89.5% being Romanians).

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Mioara Cortez

Mioara Cortez (born 6 February 1949) is a Romanian operatic soprano.

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Mircea Eliade

Mircea Eliade (– April 22, 1986) was a Romanian historian of religion, fiction writer, philosopher, and professor at the University of Chicago.

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Miriam Weiner (genealogist)

Miriam Weiner is a Jewish genealogist, author, and lecturer who specializes in the research of Jewish roots in Poland and the former Soviet Union.

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Miron Constantinescu

Miron Constantinescu (13 December 1917 – 18 July 1974) was a Romanian communist politician, a leading member of the Romanian Communist Party (PCR, known as PMR for a period of his lifetime), as well as a Marxist sociologist, historian, academic, and journalist. Initially close to Communist Romania's leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej, he became increasingly critical of the latter's Stalinist policies during the 1950s, and was sidelined together with Iosif Chișinevschi. Reinstated under Nicolae Ceaușescu, he became a member of the Romanian Academy.

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Moacyr Scliar

Moacyr Jaime Scliar (March 23, 1937February 27, 2011) was a Brazilian writer and physician.

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Modern history of Ukraine

Ukraine emerges as the concept of a nation, and the Ukrainians as a nationality, with the Ukrainian National Revival which is believed started sometime at the end of 18th and the beginning of 19th century.

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Mohyliv-Podilskyi

Mohyliv-Podilskyi (Могилёв-Подо́льский) is a city in the Mohyliv-Podilskyi Raion (district) of the Vinnytsia Oblast (province), Ukraine.

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Moisés Ville

Moisés Ville (מאָזעסוויל) is a small town (comuna) in the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, founded on 23 October 1889 by Eastern European and Russian Jews escaping pogroms and persecution.

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Moishe Oysher

Moishe Oysher (Yiddish: משה אוישר, (born 1906 in Lipkon (Lipcani), Bessarabia, Imperial Russia – died 27 November 1958, New Rochelle, New York)Zalmen Zylbercweig, Leksikon fun Yidishn teater, Book three, 2407 was an American cantor and Yiddish theatre actor. He is considered one of the most entertaining chazanim (cantors) ever recorded.

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Moissey Kogan

Moissey Kogan (Orhei, Bessarabia 12 March 1879 – 3 March 1943 Auschwitz-Birkenau), was an East European-Jewish medalist, sculptor and graphic artist who spent much of his time in Paris and travelled throughout Europe.

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Moldavia

Moldavia (Moldova, or Țara Moldovei (in Romanian Latin alphabet), Цара Мѡлдовєй (in old Romanian Cyrillic alphabet) is a historical region and former principality in Central and Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester River. An initially independent and later autonomous state, it existed from the 14th century to 1859, when it united with Wallachia (Țara Românească) as the basis of the modern Romanian state; at various times, Moldavia included the regions of Bessarabia (with the Budjak), all of Bukovina and Hertza. The region of Pokuttya was also part of it for a period of time. The western half of Moldavia is now part of Romania, the eastern side belongs to the Republic of Moldova, and the northern and southeastern parts are territories of Ukraine.

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Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

The Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Moldovan/Romanian: Republica Autonomă Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, or Република Аутономэ Советикэ Cочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ in Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet), shortened to Moldavian ASSR, was an autonomous republic of the Ukrainian SSR between 12 October 1924 and 2 August 1940, encompassing modern Transnistria (now, de jure, in Moldova, de facto, a breakaway state) and a number of territories that are now part of Ukraine.

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Moldavian Democratic Republic

The Moldavian Democratic Republic (Republica Democratică Moldovenească), also known as the Moldavian Republic, was a state proclaimed on by the Sfatul Țării (National Council) of Bessarabia, elected in October–November 1917 following the February Revolution and the start of the disintegration of the Russian Empire.

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Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (shortly: Moldavian SSR, abbr.: MSSR; Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească, in Cyrillic alphabet: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ; Молда́вская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика Moldavskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika), also known to as Soviet Moldavia or Soviet Moldova, was one of the fifteen republics of the Soviet Union existed from 1940 to 1991.

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Moldova

Moldova (or sometimes), officially the Republic of Moldova (Republica Moldova), is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south (by way of the disputed territory of Transnistria).

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Moldova–Romania relations

Moldova and Romania have experienced an extremely complicated relationship since Moldova's independence in 1991.

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Moldova–Russia relations

Moldova–Russia relations are the bilateral relations between the Republic of Moldova and the Russian Federation.

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Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet

The Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet is a Cyrillic alphabet designed for the Moldovan language in the Soviet Union and was in official use from 1924 to 1932 and 1938 to 1989 (and still in use today in the Moldovan region of Transnistria).

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Moldovan Ground Forces

The Moldovan Ground Forces is the land armed forces branch of the Moldovan Armed Forces.

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Moldovan Progressive Party

The Moldovan Progressive Party (Partidul Progresist Moldovenesc) was a political party in Bessarabia.

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Moldovan schools in Transnistria

The Moldovan schools in Transnistria became an issue of contention in 2004 in the context of the disputed status of Transnistria, a breakaway region of Moldova since 1990/1992.

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Moldovan wine

With a production of 124,200 tons of wine (as of 2009), Moldova has a well-established wine industry.

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Moldovans

Moldovans or Moldavians (in Moldovan/Romanian moldoveni; Moldovan Cyrillic: Молдовень) are the largest population group of the Republic of Moldova (75.1% of the population, as of 2014), and a significant minority in Ukraine and Russia.

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Moldovans in Ukraine

Moldovans in Ukraine are the third biggest minority recorded in the 2001 All Ukrainian Census after Russians and Belarusians.

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Moldovenism

Moldovenism is a political term used to refer to the support and promotion of the Moldovan identity and Moldovan culture.

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Molotov Line

The so-called Molotov Line (Liniya Molotova) was a system of border fortified regions built by the Soviet Union in the years 1940–1941 along its new western borders.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, also known as the Nazi–Soviet Pact,Charles Peters (2005), Five Days in Philadelphia: The Amazing "We Want Willkie!" Convention of 1940 and How It Freed FDR to Save the Western World, New York: PublicAffairs, Ch.

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Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact negotiations

The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact was an August 23, 1939, agreement between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany colloquially named after Soviet foreign minister Vyacheslav Molotov and German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop.

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Mona May Karff

Mona May Karff (20 October 1908 or 1911 or 20 October 1914 – 10 January 1998) was an American competitive chess player.

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Monument to the Heroes of the Engineer Arm

The Monument to the Heroes of the Engineer Arm (Monumentul Eroilor din Arma Geniului; often called Leul - "the Lion") in Bucharest, Romania is dedicated to the heroism and sacrifice of the military engineers who fought in the Romanian Army during World War I, of whom nearly a thousand were killed in action and many more wounded.

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Morris Swadesh

Morris Swadesh (January 22, 1909 – July 20, 1967) was an American linguist who specialized in comparative and historical linguistics.

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Moshe Zvi of Savran

Moshe Zvi Giterman of Savran (1775–1837) was the first Rebbe of Savran (Hasidic dynasty) and an influential Hasidic leader in western Ukraine, whose following numbered in the thousands.

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Mourouzis family

The Mourouzis (Μουρούζης) or Moruzi are a family which was first mentioned in the Empire of Trebizond.

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Moyshe Altman

Moyshe Altman (משה אַלטמאַן; Моисей Элевич Альтман) (May 7, 1890, Lipcani, Bessarabia - October 21, 1981, Chernivtsi, USSR) was a Yiddish writer.

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Museum of the Holocaust – victims of fascism, Odessa

Museum of the Holocaust – victims of fascism, Odessa (Музей "Холокоста – жертв фашизма", Одесса) – the first Museum in Ukraine, which is based on the events of the genocide of the Jewish population in Transnistria Governorate (the territories which were from 1941 to 1943 under jurisdiction of Romania and occupied Odessa, Nikolaev and part of Vinnytsia areas).

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Music of Romania

Romania is a European country with a multicultural music environment which includes active ethnic music scenes.

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Muzeul Memoriei Neamului

Muzeul Memoriei Neamului (Romanian; Museum of National Memory) is a museum in Chişinău, Moldova, dedicated to the victims of the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina, and commemorating anti-communist resistance in the region.

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Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky

Mykhailo Mykhailovych Kotsiubynsky (Михайло Михайлович Коцюбинський), (September 17, 1864 – April 25, 1913) was a Ukrainian author whose writings described typical Ukrainian life at the start of the 20th century.

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N. D. Cocea

N.

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Nadejda Grinfeld

Nadejda Evgenevna Grinfeld (1887–1918) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nadia Gray

Nadia Gray (23 November 1923 – 13 June 1994) was a Romanian film actress.

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Naomi Feinbrun-Dothan

Naomi Feinbrun-Dothan (17 April 1900 – 8 March 1995) was a Russian-born Israeli botanist, who became part of the academic staff at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem.

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Narodniks

The Narodniks (народники) were a politically conscious movement of the Russian middle class in the 1860s and 1870s, some of whom became involved in revolutionary agitation against tsarism.

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Natalia Ghilascu

Natalia Ghilașcu is a Moldovian journalist, writer, documentary film maker,http://trm.md/ro/cine-vine-la-noi/cine-vine-la-noi-emisiune-din-30-ianuarie-2017/ and social activist.

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Natalie of Serbia

Natalija Obrenović (Наталија Обреновић; 15 May 1859 – 8 May 1941), née Keschko (Наталья Кешко), known as Natalie of Serbia, was the Princess consort of Serbia from 1875 to 1882 and then Queen consort of Serbia from 1882 to 1889, as the wife of Milan I of Serbia.

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Natan Peled

Natan Peled (3 June 1913 – 8 January 1992) was an Israeli politician who served as Minister of Immigrant Absorption from 1970 until 1974.

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Nathan Ackerman

Nathan W. Ackerman (November 22, 1908, Bessarabia, Russian Empire – June 12, 1971, New York) was an American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, and one of the most important pioneers of the field of family therapy.

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Nathaniel Kleitman

Nathaniel Kleitman (April 26, 1895 Kishinev – August 13, 1999 Los Angeles) was a physiologist and sleep researcher who served as Professor Emeritus in Physiology at the University of Chicago.

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National Archives of Romania

The National Archives of Romania (Arhivele Naţionale ale României), until 1996 the State Archives (Arhivele Statului), are the national archives of Romania, headquartered in Bucharest.

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National awakening of Romania

In the Romantic era, the concept of a national state emerged among the Romanians, as among many other peoples of Europe and a "national awakening" began.

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National Council of Bessarabia

The National Council of Bessarabia was a separatist organisation was headed by Dmitriy Zatuliveter, of the previously obscure Organization of Transnistrians in Ukraine.

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National Legionary State

The National Legionary State (Statul Național Legionar) was the Romanian government from September 6, 1940 to January 23, 1941.

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National Liberal Party (Romania, 1875)

The National Liberal Party (Partidul Național Liberal, PNL) was the first organised political party in Romania, a major force in the country's politics from its foundation in 1875 to World War II.

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National Liberal Party-Brătianu

The National Liberal Party-Brătianu (Partidul Național Liberal-Brătianu, PNL; also known as Georgiști - "Georgists", from the name of their leader, Gheorghe I. Brătianu) was a right-wing political party in Romania, formed as a splinter group from the main liberal faction, the National Liberals.

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National Moldavian Party

The National Moldavian Party was a political party in Bessarabia.

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National Museum of Fine Arts, Chișinău

The National Museum of Fine Arts (Muzeul Național de Artă) is a museum in Chișinău, Moldova, founded in November 1939 by Alexandru Plămădeală and Auguste Baillayre.

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National Renaissance Front

The National Renaissance Front (Frontul Renașterii Naționale, FRN; also translated as Front of National Regeneration, Front of National Rebirth, Front of National Resurrection, or Front of National Renaissance) was a Romanian political party created by King Carol II in 1938 as the single monopoly party of government following his decision to ban all other political parties and suspend the 1923 Constitution, and the passing of the 1938 Constitution of Romania.

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National Socialist Party (Romania)

The National Socialist Party (formally Nationalist-Socialist Party of Romania; Romanian: Partidul Național-Socialist din România, PNSR)Ileana-Stanca Desa, Elena Ioana Mălușanu, Cornelia Luminița Radu, Iuliana Sulică, Publicațiile periodice românești (ziare, gazete, reviste).

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National symbols of Romania

There are a number of national symbols of Romania, representing Romania or its people in either official or unofficial capacities.

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National Unity Party (Moldova)

The National Unity Party is a Moldovan party that was founded in June 2017 and has as its main political goal the unification with Romania of the territory between the rivers Prut and Nistru, also known as Bessarabia.

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Naum Kleiman

Naum Kleiman is an historian of cinema, Russian film critic, specialist in Sergei Eisenstein, former manager of the Moscow State Central Cinema Museum, Eisenstein-Centre director, actor and filmmaker.

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Nazi rule over the Danube River

Nazi rule over the Danube River was brought about by force of arms, through annexation of Austria, invasion of Yugoslavia and of the Soviet Union and treaties with the Kingdom of Romania and Hungary, but a legal cover was provided through moves that resulted in a new international order on the river beginning in 1940 and ending in 1945.

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Nazi–Soviet economic relations (1934–41)

After the Nazis rose to power in Germany in 1933, relations between Germany and the Soviet Union began to deteriorate rapidly, and trade between the two countries decreased.

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Nazi–Soviet population transfers

The Nazi–Soviet population transfers were population transfers between 1939 and 1941 of ethnic Germans (actual) and ethnic East Slavs (planned) in an agreement according to the German–Soviet Frontier Treaty between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.

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Neagu Djuvara

Neagu Bunea Djuvara (August 18, 1916 – January 25, 2018) was a Romanian historian, essayist, philosopher, journalist, novelist and diplomat.

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Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire

Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire emerged in the 1850s and became an officially endorsed preferred architectural style for church construction during the reign of Alexander II of Russia (1855–1881), replacing the Russo-Byzantine style of Konstantin Thon.

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Nerses V

Nerses V (Ներսես Ե Աշտարակեցի) (1770 – February 13, 1857), served as the Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church between 1843 and 1857.

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Nichita Smochină

Nichita P. Smochină (Russian and Moldovan Cyrillic: Никита Смокинэ, Nikita Smokine; also known as M. Florin; March 14, 1894 – December 14, 1980) was a Transnistrian-born activist, scholar and political figure, especially noted for campaigning on behalf of ethnic Romanians in the Soviet Union.

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Nicholas Annenkov

General Nicholas Nikolaievich Annenkov (Николай Николаевич Анненков) (Dec. 1799 in Nizhny Novgorod – Nov. 25, 1865 in St. Petersburg, Russia) was an influential Russian General of the Infantry, Governor-General of Kiev and Bessarabia, and member of the State Privy Council.

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Nicholas I of Russia

Nicholas I (r; –) was the Emperor of Russia from 1825 until 1855.

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Nicolae Alexandri

Nicolae N. Alexandri (May 17, 1859, Chişinău - November 17, 1931, Chişinău) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nicolae Bivol

Nicolae Bivol (born June 1, 1882, Ialoveni - July 3, 1940, Chişinău) was a Bessarabian politician, member of the Sfatul Ţării between 1917–1918, and Mayor of Chişinău in two terms between 1923-1924 and 1925-1926.

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Nicolae Blatt

Nicolae Blatt (24 June 1890 – 15 April 1965) was a Romanian ophthalmologist, surgeon, and medical researcher.

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Nicolae Bosie-Codreanu

Nicolae Bosie-Codreanu (born Noua Suliţă) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nicolae Ceaușescu

Nicolae Ceaușescu (26 January 1918 – 25 December 1989) was a Romanian Communist politician.

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Nicolae Cernăuțeanu

Nicolae Cernăuţeanu was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nicolae Cernov

Nicolae Cernov was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nicolae Checerul Cuș

Nicolae Checerul (Cecherul) Cuş (1873–1946) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nicolae Ciornei

Nicolae Ciornei was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nicolae Colan

Nicolae Colan (November 28, 1893 – April 15, 1967) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian cleric, a metropolitan bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church.

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Nicolae Coval

Nicolae Coval (Camenca, December 19, 1904 – Chişinău, January 15, 1970) was a Moldavian SSR politician.

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Nicolae Donici

Nicolae Donici (1/13 September 1874, Chişinău (currently the Republic of Moldova) - 1960, Puget-Theniers, Alpes-Maritimes, France) was a Romanian astronomer born in Bessarabia.

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Nicolae Frolov

Nicolae Frolov (1876–1948) was a Romanian geologist and agronomist from Bessarabia.

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Nicolae Gane

Nicolae Gane (February 1, 1838 – April 16, 1916) was a Moldavian, later Romanian prose writer, poet and politician.

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Nicolae Grosu

Nicolae Grosu was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nicolae Iorga

Nicolae Iorga (sometimes Neculai Iorga, Nicolas Jorga, Nicolai Jorga or Nicola Jorga, born Nicu N. Iorga;Iova, p. xxvii. January 17, 1871 – November 27, 1940) was a Romanian historian, politician, literary critic, memoirist, poet and playwright.

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Nicolae Labiș

Nicolae Labiș (December 2, 1935 in Poiana Mărului, Suceava County, Romania – December 22, 1956 in Bucharest) was a Romanian poet.

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Nicolae Lupan

Nicolae Lupan (born March 16, 1921- January 25, 2017) is a Bessarabian journalist.

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Nicolae Mămăligă

Nicolae Mămăligă (born in Chişinău, 1888) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen

Nicolae Petrescu-Comnen (Gallicized as Petresco-Comnène, Petrescu-Comnène or N. P. Comnène, born Nicolae Petrescu; August 24, 1881 – December 8, 1958) was a Romanian diplomat, politician and social scientist, who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Miron Cristea cabinet (between May 1938 and January 31, 1939).

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Nicolae Secară

Nicolae Sacară (Secară) (Rudi, May 19, 1894 – Penza, February 24, 1942) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nicolae Soltuz

Nicolae Soltuz was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nicolae Steinhardt

Nicolae Steinhardt (born Nicu-Aurelian Steinhardt; July 12, 1912 – March 29, 1989) was a Romanian writer, Orthodox hermit and father confessor.

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Nicolae Suruceanu

Nicolae Suruceanu (1891 – 1969) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Nikita Salogor

Nikita Salogor (15 August 1901 – 24 June 1981) was a Moldavian politician.

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Nikolay Gredeskul

Nikolay Andreyevich Gredeskul (1864-1941) was a Russian liberal politician.

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Nikolay Nikolaevich Zubov

Nikolay Nikolaevich Zubov (Николай Николаевич Зубов; 11 May 1885 - 11 November 1960) was a Russian naval officer, engineer, geographer, oceanographer and polar explorer.

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Nina Arbore

Tamara Nina Arbore (8 October 1889, Tecuci – 7 March 1942, Bucharest) was a Romanian painter and illustrator, known for her still-lifes.

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Nir Am

Nir Am (נִירְעָם, ניר עם, lit. Nation Meadow) is a kibbutz in southern Israel.

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Nisporeni District

Nisporeni is a district (raion) in west-central Moldova, with its administrative center at Nisporeni.

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Nissan Rilov

Nissan Rilov (1922 - 2007) was an Israeli artist.

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Nissan Spivak

Nissan Spivak (widely known as Nissi Belzer, from Yiddish Belts — 1824 – 1906) was a Jewish cantor and composer.

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NKVD prisoner massacres

The NKVD prisoner massacres were a series of mass executions carried out by the Soviet NKVD secret police during World War II against political prisoners across Eastern Europe, primarily Poland, Ukraine, the Baltic states, Bessarabia and other parts of the Soviet Union from which the Red Army was retreating following the Nazi German attack on the Soviet positions in occupied Poland, known as Operation Barbarossa.

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NKVD special groups

The special groups of the NKVD for fighting against nationalists (Специальные группы НКВД по борьбе с националистами)The special groups of the NKVD are in the fight with nationalists, Ch.

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Nogais

The Nogais are a Turkic ethnic group who live in southern European Russia, mainly in the North Caucasus region.

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Noul Neamț Monastery

Noul Neamț Monastery (Mănăstirea Noul Neamț; Свято-Вознесенский Ново-Нямецкий монастырь) is an all-male Moldovan Orthodox monastery located in Chiţcani, near Bender and Tiraspol.

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November 1917

The following events occurred in November 1917.

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November 1932

The following events occurred in November 1932.

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Novi Pazar, Shumen Province

Novi Pazar (Нови пазар, "new marketplace") is a town in Shumen Province, northeastern Bulgaria, located in a hollow between the Shumen, Ludogorie and Provadiya plateaus, on the banks of the Kriva Reka ("twisting river").

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Novorossiya

Novorossiya (a; Noua Rusie), literally New Russia but sometimes called South Russia, is a historical term of the Russian Empire denoting a region north of the Black Sea (Now part of Ukraine).

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Novoselytsia

Novoselytsia (Noua Suliță; נאוואסעליץ, Novoselitz) is a city in Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of Ukraine.

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Oblasts of Ukraine

An oblast (область), in English referred to as a region, refers to one of Ukraine's 24 primary administrative units.

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Ocnița District

Ocnița is a district in the north of Moldova, with the administrative center at Ocnița.

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Octav Sargețiu

Octav Sargețiu (born Dumitru V. Popa; October 23, 1908–November 21, 1994) was a Romanian poet.

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October 1940

The following events occurred in October 1940.

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Odessa in Flames

Odessa in Flames (Odessa în flăcări) (Odessa in fiamme) is a 1942 Italian-Romanian film directed by Carmine Gallone.

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Odessa Military District

The Odessa Military District (Одесский военный округ, ОВО) was a military administrative division of the Imperial Russian military, the Soviet Armed Forces and the Ukrainian Armed Forces and was known under such name from around 1862 to 1998.

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Odessa Oblast

Odessa Oblast (Одеська область, Odes’ka oblast’, Одесская область, Odesskaya oblast’) is an oblast or province of southwestern Ukraine located along the northern coast of the Black Sea, consisting of the eastern part of the historical region of Novorossiya, and the southern part of the historical region of Bessarabia (also known as Budjak), the latter being a former oblast incorporated into the Odessa Oblast, in 1954.

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Olga Bancic

Olga Bancic (born Golda Bancic; also known under her French nom de guerre Pierrette; May 10, 1912–May 10, 1944) was a Romanian communist activist, known for her role in the French Resistance.

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Olhopil, Vinnytsia Oblast

Olhopil (Ольго́піль, Ольгополь) is a village in Chechelnyk Raion of Vinnytsia Oblast, Ukraine.

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Olia Hercules

Olia Hercules is a London-based Ukrainian chef, food writer and food stylist.

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Olimpiada Bodiu

Olimpiada Bodiu was a Bessarabian activist in the former Moldovan SSR.

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Onisifor Ghibu

Onisifor Ghibu (May 31, 1883 – October 3, 1972) was a Romanian teacher of pedagogy, member of the Romanian Academy, and politician.

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Onufriivka Raion

Onufriivka Raion is a raion (district) of Kirovohrad Oblast in central Ukraine.

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Operation München

Operation München (Operaţiunea München) was the Romanian codename of a joint German-Romanian offensive during the German invasion of the Soviet Union in World War II, with the primary objective of recapturing Bessarabia, Northern Bukovina and Hertsa, ceded by Romania to the Soviet Union a year before (Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina).

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Operation North

Operation North (Операция "Север") was the code name assigned by the USSR Ministry of State Security to massive deportation of Jehovah's Witnesses and their families to Siberia in the Soviet Union on 1–2 April 1951.

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Orhei

Orhei (Yiddish Uriv – אוריװ), also formerly known as Orgeev (Орге́ев), is a city, municipality and the administrative centre of Orhei District in Moldova, with a population of 21,065.

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Orhei County (Romania)

Orhei was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania between 1925 and 1938, and again between 1941 and 1944, with the seat at Orhei.

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Orhei District

Orhei is a district (raion) in central Moldova, with its administrative center in the city of Orhei. As of 2014 Moldovan Census its population was 101,502.

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Origin of the Romanians

Several well-supported theories address the issue of the origin of the Romanians.

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Origins of the Cold War

The Origins of the Cold War involved the breakdown of relations between the Soviet Union versus the United States, Great Britain and their allies in the years 1945–1949.

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Otaci

Otaci (formerly Ataki, Russian Атаки) is a town (population 8,400) on the southwestern bank of the Dniester River, which at that point forms the northeastern border of Moldova.

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Otto Pfeilizer-Frank

Baron Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Pfeilitzer gen.

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Outline of Moldova

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Moldova: Moldova (officially the Republic of Moldova) – landlocked country in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east and south.

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Outline of Romania

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Romania: Romania – unitary semi-presidential republic located in Central-Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine.

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Outline of the Post-War New World Map

The Outline of the Post-War New World Map was a map completed before the attack on Pearl Harbor and self-published on February 25, 1942 by Maurice Gomberg of Philadelphia, United States.

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Ovidiu Creangă

Ovidiu Creangă (February 14, 1921 – December 5, 2017) was a Romanian activist and author.

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Ovidiu Pecican

Ovidiu Coriolan Pecican (born January 8, 1959) is a Romanian historian, essayist, novelist, short-story writer, literary critic, poet, playwright, and journalist of partly Serbian origin.

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Paharnic

The Paharnic (plural: Paharnici; also known as Păharnic, Paharnec, or Păharnec; Moldavian dialect: Ceașnic, Παχαρνίκοσ, Pakharnikos, Пахарник, Paharnik) was a historical Romanian rank, one of the non-hereditary positions ascribed to the boyar aristocracy in Moldavia and Wallachia (the Danubian Principalities).

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Pan Halippa

Pantelimon "Pan" Halippa (1 August 1883 – 30 April 1979) was a Bessarabian and later Romanian journalist and politician.

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Pantelimon Erhan

Pantelimon Erhan (1884–1971) was a Bessarabian politician and prime minister of the Moldavian Democratic Republic (1917–1918).

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Pantelimon I. Sinadino

Pantelimon I. Sinadino was a Bessarabian politician of Greek descent.

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Pantelimon V. Sinadino

Pantelimon V. Sinadino (17 July 1875 in Chișinău – 1940 in Gulag) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Panzer Grenadier series

The Panzer Grenadier series of board wargames is Avalanche Press's series of World War II tactical land combat.

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Parliament of Romania

The Parliament of Romania (Parlamentul României) is the national legislature of Romania, consisting of the Chamber of Deputies (Camera Deputaților), and the Senate (Senat).

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Paskalevo

Paskalevo (Паскалево) is a village in the municipality of Dobrichka, in Dobrich Province, in northeastern Bulgaria.

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Pastrami

Pastrami (pastırma, Romanian: pastramă, Bulgarian: пастърма) is a meat product usually made from beef, and sometimes from pork, mutton, or turkey.

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Paul Bujor

Paul Bujor (born Pavel Bujor;Mărghitan & Mancaș, p. 43 August 2, 1862 – May 17, 1952) was a Romanian zoologist, physiologist and marine biologist, also noted as a socialist writer and politician.

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Paul Gore (historian)

Paul Gore (27 July 1875, Chişinău - 8 December 1927) was a Bessarabian politician and historian.

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Pavel Bulgakov

Pavel Illyich Bulgakov (August 3, 1856 – 1940) was an Imperial Russian division and corps commander.

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Pavel Cocârlă

Pavel Cocârlă was a Bessarabian politician.

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Pavel Krushevan

Pavel Aleksandrovich Krushevan (Павел Александрович Крушеван; Pavel Cruşeveanu) (–) was a journalist, editor, publisher and an official in the Imperial Russia.

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Pavel Milyukov

Pavel Nikolayevich Miliukov (p; 31 March 1943) was a Russian historian and liberal politician.

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Pavel Tcacenco

Pavel Tcacenco or Tkachenko (Павел Дмитриевич Ткаченко; born Yakov Antipov or Antip, Яков Яковлевич Антипов; 7 April?, 1892/1899/1901 – 5 September 1926) was a Russian-born Romanian communist activist, a leading member of the communist movements of Bessarabia and Romania in the 1920s.

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Pál Teleki

Count Pál János Ede Teleki de Szék (1 November 1879 – 3 April 1941) was prime minister of the Kingdom of Hungary from 19 July 1920 to 14 April 1921 and from 16 February 1939 to 3 April 1941.

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Peasants' Party (Romania)

The Peasants' Party (Partidul Țărănesc, PȚ) was a political party in post-World War I Romania that espoused a left-wing ideology partly connected with Agrarianism and Populism, and aimed to represent the interests of the Romanian peasantry.

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People's Commissariat for State Security

The People's Commissariat for State Security (Народный комиссариат государственной безопасности) or NKGB, was the name of the Soviet secret police, intelligence and counter-intelligence force that existed from February 3, 1941 to July 20, 1941, and again in 1943, before being renamed the Ministry for State Security (MGB).

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Persida Nenadović

Persida Nenadović (Персида Ненадовић; 15 February 1813 – 29 March 1873) was the Princess consort of Serbia as the wife of Alexander Karađorđević, who ruled the Principality of Serbia from his election on 14 September 1842 until his abdication on 24 October 1858.

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Petar Draganov

Petar Draganov (Russian: Петар Драганов, 1857 - 1928) was a Russian philologist and slavist.

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Peter (Păduraru)

Petru Păduraru (born Ion Chirilovici Păduraru; October 24, 1946, Țiganca) is a Bessarabian priest and the current Metropolitan of Bessarabia.

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Petre Dumitrescu

Petre Dumitrescu (18 February 1882 – 15 January 1950) was a Romanian general during World War II who led the Romanian Third Army on its campaign against the Red Army in the eastern front.

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Petre Ștefănucă

Petre Ştefănucă (14 November 1906 in Ialoveni – 12 July 1942) was a Bessarabian sociologist.

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Petre Gheorghe

Petre Ion Gheorghe (also known as Petre Ivan Gheorghieff or Gheorghiev; March 19, 1907 – February 8, 1943) was a Bulgarian-born Romanian communist and anti-fascist resistance member, executed by Romania for espionage and treason.

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Petre P. Carp

Petre P. Carp (also Petrache Carp, Francized Pierre Carp, Ioana Pârvulescu,, in România Literară, Nr. 25/2010 occasionally Comte Carpe; 28 Mircea Dumitriu,, in România Liberă, 22 September, 2007 or 29Călinescu, p.440 June 1837 – 19 June 1919) was a Moldavian, later Romanian statesman, political scientist and culture critic, one of the major representatives of Romanian liberal conservatism, and twice the country's Prime Minister (1900–1901, 1910–1912).

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Petre P. Negulescu

Petre Paul Negulescu (October 18, 1870 – September 28, 1951) was a Romanian philosopher and conservative politician, known as a disciple and continuator of Titu Maiorescu.

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Petro Stojan

Petro Evstaf'evic Stojan (Пётр Евстафьевич Стоян, also known by the pseudonyms Ribaulb, Radovich and Šulerc) (June 22, 1884 in Izmail, Bessarabia — May 3, 1961 in Nice) was a Russian esperantist, bibliographer and lexicographer and a member of the Esperanto Language Committee (Lingva Komitato) from 1914.

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Petru Picior-Mare

Petru Picior-Mare was a Bessarabian politician.

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Phanariotes

Phanariotes, Phanariots, or Phanariote Greeks (Φαναριώτες, Fanarioți, Fenerliler) were members of prominent Greek families in PhanarEncyclopædia Britannica,Phanariote, 2008, O.Ed.

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Podolia

Podolia or Podilia (Подíлля, Podillja, Подо́лье, Podolʹje., Podolya, Podole, Podolien, Podolė) is a historic region in Eastern Europe, located in the west-central and south-western parts of Ukraine and in northeastern Moldova (i.e. northern Transnistria).

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Poles in Moldova

The history of Poles in Moldova may be traced to the 14-16th centuries, when the Principality of Moldova was connected to Poland by a trade route and later it was several times briefly a vassal of the Kingdom of Poland.

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Polish areas annexed by Nazi Germany

Following the Invasion of Poland at the beginning of World War II, nearly a quarter of the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic was annexed by Nazi Germany and placed directly under the German civil administration.

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Polish Armed Forces in the East (1914–20)

Polish Armed Forces in the East around World War I is a term used for several Polish military formations formed in Russia and operating in the period of 1914–1920 (First World War, Russian Revolution of 1917, and the early stages of the Polish-Ukrainian War and Polish-Soviet War. Early formations were part of the Imperial Russian Army. Later, during the Russian Revolution, the Polish formations were mainly allied to the White Russian forces and the Western powers (both the German Empire and the Entente). All the formations (or their remains) were eventually incorporated into the Polish Army by 1920.

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Polish I Corps in Russia

Polish I Corps in Russia (I Korpus Polski w Rosji) was a Polish military formation formed in Belarus, in August 1917 in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution of 1917, from soldiers of Polish origin serving in the Russian Army.

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Polish II Corps in Russia

The Polish II Corps in Russia (II Korpus Polski w Rosji) was a Polish military formation formed in revolutionary Russia in 1917.

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Polish–Romanian Alliance

The Polish–Romanian Alliance was a series of treaties signed in the interwar period by the Second Polish Republic and the Kingdom of Romania.

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Politics of Moldova

The politics of Moldova take place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, wherein the prime minister is the head of the government, and a multi-party system.

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Popular Front of Moldova

The Popular Front of Moldova (Frontul Popular din Moldova) was a political movement in the Moldavian SSR, one of the 15 union republics of the former Soviet Union, and in the newly independent Republic of Moldova.

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Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania

The Presidential Commission for the Study of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania (Comisia Prezidenţială pentru Analiza Dictaturii Comuniste din România), also known as the Tismăneanu Commission (Comisia Tismăneanu), is a commission instituted in Romania by President Traian Băsescu to investigate the Communist regime and provide a comprehensive report allowing for the condemnation of Communism as experienced by Romania.

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Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic

The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR or PMSSR; Moldovan/Romanian: Република Советикэ Сочиалистэ Молдовеняскэ Hистрянэ or Republica Sovietică Socialistă Moldovenească Nistreană; Приднестрóвская Молда́вская Сове́тская Социалисти́ческая Респу́блика Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Sovetskaya Sotsialisticheskaya Respublika); also commonly known to as Soviet Transnistria or simply known as Transnistria was created on the eastern periphery of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR) in 1990 by pro-Soviet separatists who hoped to remain within the Soviet Union when it became clear that the MSSR would achieve independence from the USSR.

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Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld

Prince Frederick Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld (German Friedrich Josias von Sachsen-Coburg-Saalfeld) (26 December 1737 – 26 February 1815) was a general in the Austrian service.

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Prymorske, Kiliya Raion

Prymorske or Prymorskoe (Приморське; Приморское; Jibrieni) is a small seaside village in Ukraine.

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Pyotr Kapitsa

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa or Peter Kapitza (Russian: Пётр Леони́дович Капи́ца, Romanian: Petre Capiţa (– 8 April 1984) was a leading Soviet physicist and Nobel laureate, best known for his work in low-temperature physics.

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Pyotr Vannovsky

Pyotr Semyonovich Vannovsky (Пётр Семёнович Ванновский; Russian (before 1918): Пётръ Семёновичъ Ванновскій; Пётр Сямёнавіч Ванновскі) was an Imperial Russian statesman and military leader, General of the Infantry (1883), Adjutant General (1878) of Belarusian extraction, who served in the Imperial Russian Army.

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PZL.37 Łoś

The PZL.37 Łoś (moose) was a Polish twin-engined medium bomber designed and manufactured by national aircraft company PZL.

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Raúl Kaplún

Raúl Kaplún (November 11, 1910 - January 23, 1990) (born Israel Kaflún) was a well-known tango violinist, director and composer.

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Radio in the Soviet Union

All-Union Radio (Russian:Всесоюзное радио, Vsesoyuznoye radio) was the radio broadcasting organisation for the USSR from 1924 until the dissolution of the USSR.

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Radio Moldova

Radio Moldova (Radio Moldova, RM) is the first publicly funded radio broadcaster in Moldova.

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Radu II of Wallachia

Radu II Praznaglava (Radu II Empty Head/in Slavonic/) was a ruler of Wallachia in the 15th century, ruling for 4 terms, each time preceded by Dan II, his rival for the throne, and each time succeeded by him.

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Radu Rosetti

Radu Rosetti (Francized Rodolphe Rosetti; September 14, 1853 – February 12, 1926) was a Moldavian, later Romanian politician, historian and novelist, father of General Radu R. Rosetti and a prominent member of the Rosetti family.

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Raid on Constanța

The Raid on Constanța was an attack of the Soviet Black Sea Fleet on the Romanian port of Constanța on 26 June 1941, resulting in the only encounter between major warships during the naval war in the Black Sea in World War II.

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Rîșcani District

Rîșcani is a district (raion) in the north-west of Moldova, with the administrative center at Rîșcani.

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Reformation

The Reformation (or, more fully, the Protestant Reformation; also, the European Reformation) was a schism in Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther and continued by Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant Reformers in 16th century Europe.

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Regalia of Romania

The Regalia of Romania are a set of items which were used for the coronation of the kings and queens of Romania.

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Regulamentul Organic

Regulamentul Organic (Organic Regulation; Règlement Organique; r)The name also has plural versions in all languages concerned, referring to the dual nature of the document; however, the singular version is usually preferred.

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Reichstadt Agreement

The Reichstadt agreement was an agreement made between Austria-Hungary and Russia in July 1876, who were at that time in an alliance with each other and Germany in the League of the Three Emperors, or Dreikaiserbund.

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Religious persecution during the Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

During the Soviet occupation, the religious life in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina underwent a persecution similar to the one in Russia between the two World Wars.

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Reni Raion

Reni Raion (Ренійський район; Raionul Reni) is a raion (district) in Odessa Oblast in south-western Ukraine, in the historic Budjak region of Bessarabia.

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Reni, Ukraine

Reni (Рені; Reni; Рени) is a small town in Odessa Oblast (province) of south Ukraine.

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Reserve Police Battalion 101

Reserve Police Battalion 101 was a Nazi German paramilitary formation of Ordnungspolizei (Order Police, abbreviated as Orpo), serving under the control of the SS by law.

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Responsibility for the Holocaust

Responsibility for the Holocaust is the subject of an ongoing historical debate that has spanned several decades.

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Rezina District

Rezina is a district (raion) in the east of Moldova, with the administrative center at Rezina.

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Richard Tucker

Richard Tucker (August 28, 1913January 8, 1975) was an American operatic tenor.

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Robert Badinter

Robert Badinter (born 30 March 1928 in Paris) is a French lawyer and politician known for having championed the abolition of the death penalty in France in 1981.

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Robert Frimtzis

Robert Frimtzis (born 1930) is the author of From Tajikistan to the Moon, a memoir of his life in Bălţi, Bessarabia (present-day Moldova).

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Robert Hossein

Robert Hossein (born Abraham Hosseinoff; 30 December 1927) is a French film actor, director, and writer of Azerbaijani and Jewish origin.

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Robert Steinberg

Robert Steinberg (May 25, 1922, Soroca, Bessarabia, Romania (present-day Moldova) – May 25, 2014) was a mathematician at the University of California, Los Angeles.

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Roman Catholic Diocese of Bacău

The Roman Catholic Diocese of Bacău (diecezja bakowska) was a suffragan diocese of the Latin Rite in Moldavia, present Romania.

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Roman Dacia

Roman Dacia (also Dacia Traiana "Trajan Dacia" or Dacia Felix "Fertile/Happy Dacia") was a province of the Roman Empire from 106 to 274–275 AD.

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Roman Shvartsman

Roman Markovich Shvartsman (born November 7, 1936) is chairman of the Odessa regional Association of Jews – former prisoners of ghetto and Nazi concentration camps.

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Romani people in Romania

Romani people (Roma in Romani; Țigani in Romanian) in Romania, Gypsy, constitute one of the country's largest minorities.

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Romania

Romania (România) is a sovereign state located at the crossroads of Central, Eastern, and Southeastern Europe.

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Romania in World War II

Following the outbreak of World War II on 1 September 1939, the Kingdom of Romania under King Carol II officially adopted a position of neutrality.

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Romania–Russia relations

Romania–Russia relations are the foreign relations between Romania and Russia.

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Romanian Academy

The Romanian Academy (Academia Română) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866.

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Romanian Air Force

The Romanian Air Force (Forțele Aeriene Române) is the air force branch of the Romanian Armed Forces.

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Romanian Argentine

A Romanian Argentine is an Argentine citizen of Romanian descent or a Romania-born person who resides in Argentina.

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Romanian Armed Forces

The Land Forces, Air Force and Naval Forces of Romania are collectively known as the Romanian Armed Forces (Forțele Armate Române or Armata Română).

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Romanian Athenaeum

The Romanian Athenaeum (Ateneul Român) is a concert hall in the center of Bucharest, Romania and a landmark of the Romanian capital city.

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Romanian Communist Party

The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român, PCR) was a communist party in Romania.

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Romanian Cyrillic alphabet

The Romanian Cyrillic alphabet is the Cyrillic alphabet that was used to write the Romanian language before 1860–1862, when it was officially replaced by a Latin-based Romanian alphabet.

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Romanian dialects

The Romanian dialects (subdialecte or graiuri) are the several varieties of the Romanian language (Daco-Romanian).

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Romanian dress

Romanian dress refers to the traditional clothing worn by Romanians, who live primarily in Romania and Moldova, with smaller communities in Ukraine and Serbia.

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Romanian Land Forces

The Romanian Land Forces (Forțele Terestre Române) is the army of Romania, and the main component of the Romanian Armed Forces.

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Romanian language

Romanian (obsolete spellings Rumanian, Roumanian; autonym: limba română, "the Romanian language", or românește, lit. "in Romanian") is an East Romance language spoken by approximately 24–26 million people as a native language, primarily in Romania and Moldova, and by another 4 million people as a second language.

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Romanian Naval Forces

The Romanian Navy (Forțele Navale Române) is the navy branch of the Romanian Armed Forces; it operates in the Black Sea and on the Danube.

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Romanian Navy during World War II

The Romanian Navy during World War II was the main Axis naval force in the Black Sea and fought against the Soviet Union's Black Sea Fleet from 1941 to 1944.

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Romanian Old Kingdom

The Romanian Old Kingdom (Vechiul Regat or just Regat; Regat or Altreich) is a colloquial term referring to the territory covered by the first independent Romanian nation state, which was composed of the Romanian Principalities—Wallachia and Moldavia.

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Romanian Orthodox Church

The Romanian Orthodox Church (Biserica Ortodoxă Română) is an autocephalous Orthodox Church in full communion with other Eastern Orthodox Christian Churches and ranked seventh in order of precedence.

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Romanian philosophy

Romanian philosophy is a name covering either a) the philosophy done in Romania or by Romanians, or b) an ethnic philosophy, which expresses at a high level the fundamental features of the Romanian spirituality, or which elevates to a philosophical level the Weltanschauung of the Romanian people, as deposited in language and folklore, traditions, architecture and other linguistic and cultural artifacts.

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Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union

By the end of World War II the number of Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union was significant, about 140,000 of them having been taken prisoner even after August 23, 1944, the date when Romania switched its alliance from the Axis Powers to the Allies.

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Romanian Treasure

The Romanian Treasure is a collection of valuable objects and the gold reserves (~120 tonnes) of the Romanian government sent to Russia for safekeeping during World War I. Only part of the objects, and none of the gold reserves have been returned.

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Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia

The Romanian Volunteer Corps in Russia (Corpul Voluntarilor români din Rusia), or Volunteer Corps of Transylvanians-Bukovinans (Corpul Voluntarilor ardeleni-bucovineni, Corpul Voluntarilor transilvăneni și bucovineni), was a military formation of World War I, created from ethnic Romanian prisoners of war held by Russia.

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Romanian War of Independence

The Romanian War of Independence is the name used in Romanian historiography to refer to the Russo-Turkish War (1877–78), following which Romania, fighting on the Russian side, gained independence from the Ottoman Empire. On, Romania and the Russian Empire signed a treaty at Bucharest under which Russian troops were allowed to pass through Romanian territory, with the condition that Russia respected the integrity of Romania. The mobilization began, and about 120,000 soldiers were massed in the south of the country to defend against an eventual attack of the Ottoman forces from south of the Danube. On, Russia declared war on the Ottoman Empire and its troops entered Romania through the newly built Eiffel Bridge.

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Romanian Writers' Society

The Romanian Writers' Society (Societatea Scriitorilor Români) was a professional association based in Bucharest, Romania, that aided the country's writers and promoted their interests.

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Romanianization

Romanianization (or Rumanianization or Rumanization) was the series of policies aimed toward ethnic assimilation implemented by the Romanian authorities during the 20th century.

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Romanians

The Romanians (români or—historically, but now a seldom-used regionalism—rumâni; dated exonym: Vlachs) are a Latin European ethnic group and nation native to Romania, that share a common Romanian culture, ancestry, and speak the Romanian language, the most widespread spoken Eastern Romance language which is descended from the Latin language. According to the 2011 Romanian census, just under 89% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. In one interpretation of the census results in Moldova, the Moldovans are counted as Romanians, which would mean that the latter form part of the majority in that country as well.Ethnic Groups Worldwide: A Ready Reference Handbook By David Levinson, Published 1998 – Greenwood Publishing Group.At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. The largest nationality in the republic, ethnic Romanians, numbered 2,795,000 persons, accounting for 64.5 percent of the population. Source:: "however it is one interpretation of census data results. The subject of Moldovan vs Romanian ethnicity touches upon the sensitive topic of", page 108 sqq. Romanians are also an ethnic minority in several nearby countries situated in Central, respectively Eastern Europe, particularly in Hungary, Czech Republic, Ukraine (including Moldovans), Serbia, and Bulgaria. Today, estimates of the number of Romanian people worldwide vary from 26 to 30 million according to various sources, evidently depending on the definition of the term 'Romanian', Romanians native to Romania and Republic of Moldova and their afferent diasporas, native speakers of Romanian, as well as other Eastern Romance-speaking groups considered by most scholars as a constituent part of the broader Romanian people, specifically Aromanians, Megleno-Romanians, Istro-Romanians, and Vlachs in Serbia (including medieval Vlachs), in Croatia, in Bulgaria, or in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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Romanians in Ukraine

This article represents an overview on the history of Romanians in Ukraine, including those Romanians of Northern Bukovina, Zakarpattia Oblast, and Budjak in Odessa Oblast, but also those Romanophones in the territory between the Dniester River and the Southern Bug River, who traditionally have not inhabited any Romanian state (nor Transnistria), but have been an integral part of the history of modern Ukraine, and are considered natives to the area.

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Romanians of Chernivtsi Oblast

The ethnic Romanians of Chernivtsi Oblast (Regiunea Cernăuți) in Ukraine comprise a significant portion of the Romanian diaspora in Ukraine.

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Românul

Românul (meaning "The Romanian"; originally spelled Romanulu or Românulŭ, also known as Romînul, Concordia, Libertatea and Consciinti'a Nationala), was a political and literary newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania, from 1857 to 1905.

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Rosalia Spirer

Rosalia Spirer, also Etti-Rosa Spirer (16 April 1900 — 30 March 1990), was a Romanian-born Soviet Moldavian architect.

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Roxandra Sturdza

Roxandra or Roxana or Roksandra Skarlatovna Edling-Sturdza (1786 – 1844) was a philanthropist and a writer.

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Rumcherod

Rumcherod was a self-proclaimed and short-lived organ of Soviet power in the South-Western part of Russian Empire that functioned during May 1917–May 1918.

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Ruslan Maynov

Ruslan Maynov (Руслан Мъйнов Ruslan Maynov; born 15 November 1976) is a Bulgarian actor and singer of Bessarabian Bulgarian origin.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian Armenia

Russian Armenia is the period of Armenian history under Russian rule from 1828, when Eastern Armenia became part of the Russian Empire following Qajar Iran's loss in the Russo-Persian War (1826–1828) and the subsequent ceding of its territories that included Eastern Armenia per the out coming Treaty of Turkmenchay of 1828.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Russians in Moldova

Russians in Moldova form the second largest ethnic minority in the country.

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Russification

Russification (Русификация), or Russianization, is a form of cultural assimilation process during which non-Russian communities, voluntarily or not, give up their culture and language in favor of the Russian one.

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Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812)

The Russo-Turkish War (1806–1812) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire was one of the Russo-Turkish Wars.

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Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)

The Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829 was sparked by the Greek War of Independence.

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Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)

The Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78 (lit, named for the year 1293 in the Islamic calendar; Руско-турска Освободителна война, Russian-Turkish Liberation war) was a conflict between the Ottoman Empire and the Eastern Orthodox coalition led by the Russian Empire and composed of Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia, and Montenegro.

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Ruzhyn (urban-type settlement)

Ruzhyn (translit. Ruzhyn;, Rizhn) is an urban-type settlement in Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine.

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Sabia Dreptății

Sabia Dreptății (The Sword of Justice) was one of the organized anti-Soviet groups in Bălți, Bessarabia.

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Sacha Moldovan

Sacha Moldovan (Shaya Shnayder; November 4, 1901 – 1982) was a Russian-born American expressionist and post-impressionist painter.

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Saidye Rosner Bronfman

Saidye Rosner Bronfman (1897–1995), was the matriarch of the wealthy Bronfman family.

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Sam Zemurray

Samuel Zemurray (nicknamed "Sam the Banana Man"; born Schmuel Zmurri on January 18, 1877, in Kishinev, Bessarabia, Russian Empire, present-day Chişinău, Moldova; died November 30, 1961, in New Orleans, Louisiana) was a Jewish businessman who made his fortune in the banana trade.

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Samson Flexor

Samson Flexor (born Samson Modestovich Flexor; 9 September 1907, in Soroca, Bessarabia, Imperial Russia – 31 July 1971, in São Paulo, Brazil) was a French and Brazilian artist, and founder of the Brazilian abstract art.

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Samuel Bronfman

Samuel Bronfman, (February 27, 1889 – July 10, 1971) was a Canadian businessman and philanthropist.

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Samuel Bronston

Samuel Bronston (Samuel Bronshtein, March 26, 1908, Bessarabia – January 12, 1994, Sacramento, California) was a Bessarabian-born American film producer, film director, and a nephew of socialist revolutionary figure, Leon Trotsky.

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Samuil Lehtțir

Samuil Lehtţir (October 25, 1901, Otaci - 1937, Tiraspol) was Moldavian poet and literary critic.

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Sarabia

Sarabia may refer to:;People.

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Sarata

Sarata (Ukrainian, Bulgarian, and) is an urban-type settlement in Odessa Oblast (region) of south-western Ukraine.

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Sarata Raion

Sarata Raion (Саратський район) is a raion (district) in Odessa Oblast of Ukraine.

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Saul Perlmutter

Saul Perlmutter (born September 22, 1959) is a U.S. astrophysicist at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and a professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley.

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Sîngerei District

Sîngerei is a district in the north of Moldova, with the administrative center at Sîngerei.

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Săliștea

Săliștea (Tschorren; Alsócsóra), known as Cioara until 1965, is a commune located in Alba county, Romania.

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Sămănătorul

Sămănătorul or Semănătorul (Romanian for "The Sower") was a literary and political magazine published in Romania between 1901 and 1910.

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Scarlat Vârnav

Scarlat Vasile Vârnav, or Sofronie Vârnav (also known as Charles Basile Varnav, Charles de Wirnave, Varnavu or Vîrnav; ?–), was a Moldavian and Romanian political figure, philanthropist, collector, and Orthodox clergyman.

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Schloss Ketschendorf

Schloss Ketschendorf is a Gothic Revival residence, located in Ketschendorf, at the foot of the Buchberg, in the town of Coburg, in the state of Bavaria, Germany.

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Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Service

The Scottish Women's Hospitals for Foreign Services (SWH) was founded in 1914.

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Scutelnic

Scutelnic (also scutnic, from Romanian verb scuti, "to exempt", "to absolve"; plural: scitelnici, scutnici) were peasant servants in Wallachia and Moldova who were exempt from state taxes.

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Seara (newspaper)

Seara (meaning "The Evening") was a daily newspaper published in Bucharest, Romania, before and during World War I. Owned by politician Grigore Gheorghe Cantacuzino and, through most of its existence, managed by the controversial Alexandru Bogdan-Pitești, it was an unofficial and unorthodox tribune for the Conservative Party.

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Second Vienna Award

The Second Vienna Award was the second of two territorial disputes arbitrated by Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy.

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Secret treaty

A secret treaty is "an international agreement in which the contracting parties have agreed, either in the treaty instrument or separately, to conceal its existence or at least its substance from other states and the public." According to one compilation of secret treaties published in 2004, there have been 593 secret treaties negotiated by 110 countries and independent political entities since the year 1521.

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Semyon Timoshenko

Semyon Konstantinovich Timoshenko (Семён Константи́нович Тимоше́нко, Semën Konstantinovič Timošenko; Семе́н Костянти́нович Тимоше́нко, Semen Kostiantynovych Tymoshenko) (– 31 March 1970) was a Soviet military commander and Marshal of the Soviet Union.

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Senate of Romania

The Senate (Senat) is the upper house in the bicameral Parliament of Romania.

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September 1944

The following events occurred in September 1944.

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Serafima Birman

Serafima Germanovna Birman (Серафима Германовна Бирман; – 11 May 1976) was a Russian and Soviet actress, theatre director and writer.

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Serbs in Bulgaria

The Serbs are a small community in Bulgaria, most of whom are emigrants.

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Serge Moscovici

Serge Moscovici (June 14, 1925 in Brăila, Romania as Srul Herş Moscovici – November 15, 2014 in Paris) was a Romanian-born French social psychologist, director of the Laboratoire Européen de Psychologie Sociale ("European Laboratory of Social Psychology"), which he co-founded in 1974 at the Maison des sciences de l'homme in Paris.

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Sergey Dmitriyevich Urusov

Prince Sergey Dmitriyevich Urusov (Russian: Сергей Дмитриевич Урусов; b. 1862, d. 1937) was a Russian Prince, politician, governor and thrice-elected Marshal of the Kaluga Nobility.

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Sergey Paramonov (entomologist)

Sergey Jacques Paramonov (4 November 1894, Kharkiv – 22 September 1967, Canberra) was a Ukrainian-Australian entomologist, specializing on flies (Diptera), of which described about 700 species and subspecies.

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Serghei Donico-Iordăchescu

Serghei Donico-Iordăchescu was a Bessarabian politician.

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Sergo Goglidze

Sergo Goglidze (1901 – 23 December 1953) was a Soviet NKVD official of Georgian ethnicity.

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Sextil Pușcariu

Sextil Iosif Pușcariu (January 4, 1877–May 5, 1948) was an Austro-Hungarian-born Romanian linguist and philologist.

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Sfarmă-Piatră

Sfarmă-Piatră (literally "Stone-Crusher" or "Rock-Breaker", named after one of the Uriași characters in Romanian folklore) was an antisemitic daily, monthly and later weekly newspaper, published in Romania during the late 1930s and early 1940s.

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Sfatul Țării

Sfatul Țării (Country Council) was a council that united political, public, cultural, and professional organizations in the greater part of the territory of the Governorate of Bessarabia in the disintegrating Russian Empire, which proclaimed the Moldavian Democratic Republic as part of the Russian Federative Republic in December 1917, and then union with Romania in April (according to the old style, March) 1918.

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Sfatul Țării (newspaper, 1917–20)

Sfatul Ţării was a newspaper from the Moldavian Republic, founded by Nicolae Alexandri in November 1917 as the newspaper of the legislative body Sfatul Ţării.

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Sfatul Țării election, 1917

Indirect elections for the Moldovan Parliament (called Sfatul Țării) took place in Moldova in November 1917.

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Shabo, Odessa Oblast

Shabo (Шабо, Şaba, population 7,100) is a town of the Odesa Oblast, Ukraine, situated at the Dniester Liman, some 7 km downstream of Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi.

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Siege of Sidney Street

The Siege of Sidney Street of January 1911, also known as the Battle of Stepney, was a gunfight in the East End of London between a combined police and army force and two Latvian revolutionaries.

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Siege of Silistra

The Siege of Silistra took place during the Crimean War.

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Sighet Prison

The Sighet prison, located in the town of Sighetu Marmaţiei, Maramureş county, Romania, was used by Romania to hold criminals, POWs and political prisoners.

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Sigmund Mogulesko

Sigmund Mogulesko (16 December 1858 – 4 February 1914) — Yiddish: זעליק מאָגולעסקאָ Zelik Mogulesko, first name also sometimes spelled as Zigmund, Siegmund, Zelig, or Selig, last name sometimes spelled Mogulescu — was a singer, actor, and composer in the Yiddish theater in New York City.

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Silistra

Silistra (Силистра Dârstor) is a port city in northeastern Bulgaria.

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Silviu Berejan

Silviu Berejan (30 July 1927 in Bălăbăneşti – 10 November 2007) was a Bessarabian writer from Moldova and member of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova.

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Simeon G. Murafa

Simeon Gheorghevici Murafa Lucia Sava,, Editura Pontos, Chișinău, 2010, p.171-172.

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Simion Galețchi

Simion Galeţchi (born February 15, 1887 in Donduşeni) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Skamneli

Skamneli (Σκαμνέλι.) is a village in the Zagori region (Epirus region), 54 km north of Ioannina.

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Skulen (Hasidic dynasty)

Skulen (or rarely Skolen) Hasidic dynasty was founded by Rav Eliezer Zusia Portugal.

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Slavery in Romania

Slavery (robie) existed on the territory of present-day Romania from before the founding of the principalities of Wallachia and Moldavia in 13th–14th century, until it was abolished in stages during the 1840s and 1850s, and also until 1783, in Transylvania and Bukovina (parts of the Habsburg Monarchy).

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Slavic influence on Romanian

The Slavic influence on Romanian is noticeable on all linguistic levels: lexis, phonetics, morphology and syntax.

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Smoked meat

Smoked meat is a method of preparing red meat (and fish) which originates in prehistory.

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SMS Breslau

SMS Breslau was a of the Imperial German Navy, built in the early 1910s.

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Snake Island (Black Sea)

Snake Island (Greek Φιδονήσι Fidonísi), also known as Serpent Island (Insula Șerpilor, Зміїний, Змеиный), is an island located in the Black Sea, near the Danube Delta.

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Socialist Party of Romania

The Socialist Party of Romania (Partidul Socialist din România, commonly known as Partidul Socialist, PS) was a Romanian socialist political party, created on December 11, 1918 by members of the Social Democratic Party of Romania (PSDR), after the latter emerged from clandestinity.

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Socialist Peasants' Party

The Socialist Peasants' Party (Romanian: Partidul Socialist Țărănesc, or Partidul Socialist Țărănist, PSȚ) was a short-lived political party in Romania, presided over by the academic Mihai Ralea.

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Sokyriany

Sokyriany (Сокиряни,, Romanian: Târgu Secureni) is a small city in Chernivtsi Oblast (province) of Ukraine, Northern Bessarabia.

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Sokyriany Raion

Sokyriany Raion (Сокирянський район) is an administrative raion (district) in the southern part of Chernivtsi Oblast in western Ukraine, on the Romanian border.

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Sorana Gurian

Sorana Gurian (born Sara Gurfinchel, October 18, 1913 – June 10, 1956) was a writer, journalist, and translator who wrote both in Romanian and in French.

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Soroca County (Romania)

Soroca County was a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania.

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Soroca District

Soroca is a district in north-east Moldova.

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Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

The Soviet deportations from Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina took place between late 1940 and 1951 and were part of Joseph Stalin's policy of political repression of the potential opposition to the Soviet power (see Population transfer in the Soviet Union).

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Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina

The Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina was the military occupation, by the Soviet Red Army, during June 28 – July 4, 1940, of the Romanian regions of Northern Bukovina and Hertza, and of Bessarabia, a region under Romanian administration since Russian Civil War times.

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Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940

The Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940 refers, according to the European Court of Human Rights,European Court of Human Rights cases on Occupation of Baltic States the Government of Latvia, at Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia the United States Department of State, at state.gov and the European Union, by EU to the military occupation of the Republic of Latvia by the Soviet Union ostensibly under the provisions of the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with Nazi Germany.

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Soviet occupation of Romania

The Soviet occupation of Romania refers to the period from 1944 to August 1958, during which the Soviet Union maintained a significant military presence in Romania.

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Soviet offensive plans controversy

The Soviet offensive plans controversy is the debate among historians about whether Soviet leader Joseph Stalin planned to attack Axis forces in Eastern Europe prior to Operation Barbarossa.

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Soviet Union in World War II

The Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany on 23 August 1939.

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Soviet war crimes

War crimes perpetrated by the Soviet Union and its armed forces from 1919 to 1991 include acts committed by the Red Army (later called the Soviet Army) as well as the NKVD, including the NKVD's Internal Troops.

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Sphere of influence

In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence (SOI) is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity, accommodating to the interests of powers outside the borders of the state that controls it.

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Stalin Line

The Stalin Line was a line of fortifications along the western border of the Soviet Union.

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Statue of Graf Vorontsov, Odessa

The Statue of Graf Vorontsov, Odessa, is a sculptural monument established in 1863 on the Sobor Square in Odessa in honor of Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov, Field Marshal, the General-Governor of Novorossiya Region and plenipotentiary governor of Bessarabia who was a graf until 1845, then knyaz from 1845.

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Stela Popescu

Stela Popescu (21 December 1935 – 23 November 2017) was a Romanian actress and TV personality.

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Straja Țării

Straja Țării (Romanian - roughly, The Sentinel of the Motherland; also known as Străjeria - translatable as The Sentinel) was a youth organization in the Kingdom of Romania, created in 1935 by King Carol II to counter the growing influence the Iron Guard had over the youth of Romania.

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Strășeni District

Strășeni is an administrative district in the central part of Moldova.

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Subbalkan dialect

The Subbalkan dialect is a Bulgarian dialect, which is part of the Balkan group of the Eastern Bulgarian dialects.

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Sunset (play)

The play Sunset was written by Isaac Babel in 1926, based on his short story collection The Odessa Tales.

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SupAgro

Founded in 1842 Dedicated to Education and Research in Agronomy at M.Sc.

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Svetlana Toma

Svetlana Andreevna Toma (Светлана Андреевна Тома, born Svetlana Andreevna Fomichyova (Светлана Андреевна Фомичёва); May 24, 1947 in Chişinău, Moldova) is a Moldovan actress.

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Swabians

Swabians (Schwaben, singular Schwabe) are an ethnic German people who are native to or have ancestral roots in the cultural and linguistic region of Swabia, which is now mostly divided between the modern states of Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, in southwest Germany.

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Swiss abroad

Swiss people living abroad (Auslandsschweizer; Suisses de l’étranger; Svizzeri all’estero.; Svizzers a l’exteriur), also referred to as "fifth Switzerland" (Fünfte Schweiz, Quinta Svizzera, Cinquième Suisse, Tschintgavla Svizra), alluding to the fourfold linguistic division within Switzerland.

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Swiss emigration to Russia

There was significant emigration of Swiss people to the Russian Empire from the late 17th to the late 19th century.

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Symbolist movement in Romania

The Symbolist movement in Romania, active during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, marked the development of Romanian culture in both literature and visual arts.

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Take Ionescu

Take or Tache Ionescu (born Dumitru Ghiță Ioan and also known as Demetriu G. Ionnescu; – June 21, 1922) was a Romanian centrist politician, journalist, lawyer and diplomat, who also enjoyed reputation as a short story author.

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Tamara Tchinarova

Tamara Tchinarova Finch (also tr. Chinarova; born Tamara Rekemchuk, July 18, 1919 – August 31, 2017), was a ballet dancer of Armenian, Georgian and Ukrainian descent.

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Taraclia

Taraclia (Тараклия) is a city located in the south of Moldova.

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Tarutyne

Tarutyne (Тарутине; Тарутино, Tarutino; Tarutino, Ancecrac) is an urban-type settlement in southwestern Ukraine.

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Tarutyne Raion

Tarutyne Raion (Tarutyns'kyj rajon) is a raion (administrative division) in Odessa Oblast in southwestern Ukraine.

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Tatarbunary

Tatarbunary is a small town in the Odessa Oblast (province) of south-western Ukraine.

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Tatarbunary Raion

Tatarbunary Raion (Татарбунарський район) is a raion (district) in Odessa Oblast of Ukraine.

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Tatarbunary uprising

The Tatarbunary uprising (Răscoala de la Tatarbunar) was a Bolshevik-inspired peasant revolt that took place on 15–18 September 1924, in and around the town of Tatarbunary (Tatar-Bunar or Tatarbunar) in Budjak (Bessarabia), then part of Romania, now part of Odessa Oblast, Ukraine.

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Tatarka common graves

During World War II, Axis-allied Romanian troops occupying Transnistria claimed to have discovered in April–August 1943 a mass grave on a lot of 1,000 square meters in Tatarka, near Odessa.

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Telecommunications in Moldova

Telecommunications in Moldova are maintained at a relatively high performance level.

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Telenești District

Telenești is a district (raion) in central Moldova, with the administrative center at Telenești.

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TeleRadio-Moldova

Teleradio-Moldova is the state-owned national radio-TV broadcaster.

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Teodor Bârcă

Teodor Bârcă (born Costeşti, 12 June 1894 – 12 May 1993, Cotmeana) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Teodor Calmășul

Teodor Calmăşul was a low level boyar from the Orhei region of Bessarabia, founder of the princely family of Callimachi, the hellenized form of the name.

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Teodor Herța

Teodor Herţa was a Bessarabian politician.

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Teodor Neaga

Teodor Neaga (1878, Dănceni - December 6, 1941, Penza) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Teodor Suruceanu

Teodor Suruceanu (born 1865, Pojăreni) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Teodor Uncu

Teodor Uncu was a Bessarabian politician.

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Teodosie Bârcă

Teodosie Bârcă (born Tătărăuca Nouă, Soroca District, 1894 - year of death unknown) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Teofil Ioncu

Teofil Ioncu (22 July 1885, in Olișcani – 16 March 1954, in Iași) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Territorial evolution of Russia

Territorial changes of Russia happened by means of military conquest and by ideological and political unions in the course of over five centuries (1533-today).

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Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire

This is the territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire during a timespan of seven centuries.

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Terrorism in Europe

There is a long history of terrorism in Europe.

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The Country of Castles and Fortresses

The Country of Castles and Fortresses (Країна замків і фортець, Страна замков и крепостей) is an illustrated mini-encyclopedia of fortifications in Ukraine.

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The Gypsies (poem)

The Gypsies («Цыганы») is a narrative poem by Alexander Pushkin, originally written in Russian in 1824 and first published in 1827.

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The Inquiry

The Inquiry was a study group established in September 1917 by Woodrow Wilson to prepare materials for the peace negotiations following World War I. The group, composed of around 150 academics, was directed by presidential adviser Edward House and supervised directly by philosopher Sidney Mezes.

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Tighina County

Tighina County was between 1925 and 1938 a county (Romanian: județ) in the Kingdom of Romania, and, between 1998 and 2003, a major subdivision (''Județ'') of Moldova with its capital at Căușeni.

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Timeline of historical geopolitical changes

This is a timeline of country and capital changes around the world.

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Timeline of Romanian history

This is a timeline of Romanian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Romania and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of Russian history

This is a timeline of Russian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Russia and its predecessor states.

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Timeline of World War II (1942)

This is a timeline of events that occurred during World War II in 1942.

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Timofei Moșneaga Republican Clinical Hospital

The Timofei Moșneaga Republican Clinical Hospital is the first and largest medical institution in Moldova with 795 beds and 20 hospital departments.

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Timofei Silistaru

Timofei Silistaru was a Bessarabian politician.

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Tiraspol

Tiraspol (Тирасполь; Тираспіль) is internationally recognised as the second largest city in Moldova, but is effectively the capital and administrative centre of the unrecognised Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (Transnistria).

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Toma Ciorbă

Toma Ciorbă (January 15, 1864–December 30, 1936) was a Bessarabian-born Romanian physician and hospital director.

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Toma T. Socolescu

Toma T. Socolescu (20 July 1883 in Ploiești – 16 October 1960 in Bucharest, Romania) was an important Romanian architect.

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Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Romania)

The Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Mormântul Soldatului Necunoscut) is a monument located in Bucharest, Romania.

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Tomo Milinović

Toma Đurov Milinović (Тома Ђуров Милиновић; 1770–1846) or Tomo Milinović (Томо Милиновић), nicknamed Morinjanin (Морињанин), was a Serbian writer and revolutionary, a vojvoda under Karađorđe Petrović during the First Serbian Uprising against the Ottoman Empire, he was also Karađorđe's advisor and head of artillery in one of the greatest battles during the uprising, Battle of Deligrad.

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Tourism in Moldova

Tourism in the Republic of Moldova focuses on the country's natural landscapes and its history.

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Trachtenberg

Trachtenberg (Russian/Ukrainian: Трахтенберг, טראַכֿטנבערג; טרכטנברג, is a surname of several notable people, typically an Ashkenazi Jewish surname, especially Bessarabian and Ukrainian. Sometimes the name is transliterated to Trachtenburg, whilst Jews from Argentina often spell the name Trajtenberg according to Spanish spelling norms. Some more recent immigrants from the former Soviet Union have had the name transliterated as Trakhtenberg when entering the US. Trachtenberg, literally "a mountain of costumes" (in German), or "a mountain of thoughts" (in Yiddish), is actually the former German name of a town in Silesia now called by the Polish name Żmigród, where Jews were a significant part of the population until the Second World War and the Holocaust. Jews who bear this name are usually descendants of families who moved from Trachtenburg, Silesia, to another place in central or eastern Europe (and then elsewhere, later on), and became known in their new communities by their former place of residence.

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Traian Băsescu

Traian Băsescu (born 4 November 1951) is a Romanian politician who served as President of Romania from 2004 to 2014.

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Traian Herseni

Traian Herseni (February 18, 1907 – July 17, 1980) was a Romanian social scientist, journalist, and political figure.

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Trajan's Wall

Trajan's Wall (Valul lui Traian in Romanian) is the name used for several linear earthen fortifications (valla) found across Eastern Europe, in Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine.

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Transnistria

Transnistria, the self-proclaimed Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR; Приднестровская Молдавская Республика, ПМР; Republica Moldovenească Nistreană, RMN; Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ; Придністровська Молдавська Республіка), and also called Transdniester, Trans-Dniestr, Transdniestria, or Pridnestrovie, is a non-recognized state which controls part of the geographical region Transnistria (the area between the Dniester river and Ukraine) and also the city of Bender and its surrounding localities on the west bank.

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Transnistria (geographical region)

Transnistria (Romanian) - region in the east Europe, a narrow strip of territory to the east of the River Dniester.

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Transnistria Governorate

The Transnistria Governorate (Guvernământul Transnistriei) was a Romanian-administered territory between Dniester and Southern Bug (Buh), conquered by the Axis Powers from the Soviet Union during Operation Barbarossa and occupied from 19 August 1941 to 29 January 1944.

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Transnistria War

The Transnistria War was an armed conflict that broke out in November 1990 in Dubăsari (Дубоссáры, Dubossary) between pro-Transnistria forces, including the Transnistrian Republican Guard, militia and Cossack units (which were supported by elements of the Russian 14th Army), and pro-Moldovan forces, including Moldovan troops and police.

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Transnistrian legislative election, 2005

Parliamentary elections were held in the breakaway republic of Transnistria on 11 December, 2005.

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Transylvania

Transylvania is a historical region in today's central Romania.

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Treaty of Bucharest (1812)

The Treaty of Bucharest between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, was signed on 28 May 1812, in Manuc's Inn in Bucharest, and ratified on 5 July 1812, at the end of the Russo-Turkish War.

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Treaty of Bucharest (1916)

The Treaty of Bucharest of 1916 was signed between Romania and the Entente Powers on 4 (Old Style)/17 (New Style) August 1916 in Bucharest.

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Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca

The Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca Küçük Kaynarca Antlaşması (also spelled Kuchuk Kainarji) was a peace treaty signed on 21 July 1774, in Küçük Kaynarca (today Kaynardzha, Bulgaria) between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire.

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Treaty of Paris (1856)

The Treaty of Paris of 1856 settled the Crimean War between the Russian Empire and an alliance of the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, the Second French Empire and the Kingdom of Sardinia.

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Treaty of Paris (1920)

The 1920 Treaty of Paris was an act signed by Romania and the principal Allied Powers of the time (France, United Kingdom, Italy and Japan) whose purpose was the recognition of Romanian sovereignty over Bessarabia.

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Treaty on the Creation of the USSR

The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR officially created the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union.

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Triple Alliance (1882)

The Triple Alliance was a secret agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

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Triumphal arch, Chișinău

The Triumphal arch is a monument situated in Central Chişinău next to the Nativity Cathedral on Piața Marii Adunǎri Naționale nr.

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Tsarist officers in the Red Army

During the Russian Civil War, several former Tsarist officers joined the Red Army, either voluntarily or through coercion.

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Tsymbaly

The tsymbaly (цимбали) is the Ukrainian version of the hammer dulcimer.

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Tudor Arghezi

Tudor Arghezi (21 May 1880 – 14 July 1967) was a Romanian writer, best known for his quite unique contribution to poetry and children's literature.

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Tully Filmus

Tully Filmus was an American realist painter.

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TUTUN-CTC

Tutun-CTC is the largest tobacco factory in Moldova, located in the capital of Chişinău.

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Tuzly Lagoons

Tuzly Lagoons (Тузловські лимани, Limanele Tuzlei) are a group of marine lagoons (limans) in southern Bessarabia (Budjak), Ukraine.

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Ukraine

Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.

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Ukrainian Canadians

Ukrainian Canadians (translit) are Canadian citizens of Ukrainian descent or Ukrainian-born people who immigrated to Canada.

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Ukrainian diaspora

The Ukrainian diaspora is the global community of ethnic Ukrainians, especially those who maintain some kind of connection, even if ephemeral, to the land of their ancestors and maintain their feeling of Ukrainian national identity within their own local community.

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Ukrainian language

No description.

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Ukrainian Latin alphabet

A Latin alphabet for the Ukrainian language (called Latynka) has been proposed or imposed several times in the history in Ukraine, but has never challenged the conventional Cyrillic Ukrainian alphabet.

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Ukrainian National Party

The Ukrainian National Party (Українська Національна Партія, Ukrainska Natsionalna Partiia, UNP; Partidul Național Ucrainean, PNU) was a right-wing agrarian group, representing the Ukrainian minority in Romania.

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Ukrainian People's Republic

The Ukrainian People's Republic, or Ukrainian National Republic (abbreviated to УНР), was a predecessor of modern Ukraine declared on 10 June 1917 following the Russian Revolution.

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Ukrainian War of Independence

The Ukrainian War of Independence was a period of sustained warlike conflict lasting from 1917 to 1921, which resulted in the establishment and development of a Ukrainian republic, later a part of the Soviet Union as the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic.

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Ukrainian wine

The wine industry of Ukraine is well-established with long traditions.

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Ulichs

The Uliches or Ugliches (Уличи (Угличи) in Russian, Уличі (Угличі) in Ukrainian) were a tribe of Early East Slavs who, between the eighth and the tenth centuries, inhabited (along with the Tivertsi) Bessarabia, and the territories along the Lower Dnieper, Bug River and the Black Sea littoral.

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Ungheni

Ungheni is a municipality in Moldova.

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Ungheni District

Ungheni is a district (raion) in the central part of Moldova, bordering Romania, with the administrative center at Ungheni.

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Unification of Romania and Moldova

The unification of Romania and Moldova (Unirea Republicii Moldova cu România) is a popular concept in the two countries beginning with the late 1980s, during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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Union Monument, Iași

Union Monument (Monumentul Unirii), a monument of white marble in the Romanian city of Iaşi, was designed by Princess Olga Sturdza and unveiled in 1927 at the base of Carol Boulevard.

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Union of Bessarabia with Romania

On, the Sfatul Țării, or National Council, of Bessarabia proclaimed union with the Kingdom of Romania.

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Union of Moldavians in Transnistria

The Union of Moldavians in Transnistria is a non-governmental organization based in Transnistria (official shortform name: Pridnestrovie).

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Union of Transylvania with Romania

The Union of Transylvania with Romania was declared on by the assembly of the delegates of ethnic Romanians held in Alba Iulia.

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United Principalities

The United Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia was the official name of the personal union which later became Romania, adopted in 1859 when Alexandru Ioan Cuza was elected as the Domnitor (Ruling Prince) of both territories, which were still vassals of the Ottoman Empire.

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Uprising of Ivaylo

The Uprising of Ivaylo (Въстанието на Ивайло) was a rebellion of the Bulgarian peasantry against the incompetent rule of Emperor Constantine Tikh and the Bulgarian nobility.

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Urmuz

Urmuz (pen name of Demetru Dem. Demetrescu-Buzău, also known as Hurmuz or Ciriviș, born Dimitrie Dim. Ionescu-Buzeu; March 17, 1883 – November 23, 1923) was a Romanian writer, lawyer and civil servant, who became a cult hero in Romania's avant-garde scene.

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Ursari

The Ursari (generally read as "bear leaders" or "bear handlers"; from the Romanian urs, meaning "bear"; singular: ursar; Bulgarian: урсари, ursari) or Richinara are the traditionally nomadic occupational group of animal trainers among the Romani people.

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Ustym Karmaliuk

Ustym Yakymovych Karmaliuk (or Karmeliuk Устим Якимович Кармалюк (Кармелюк)) (March 10, 1787 – October 22, 1835) was a Ukrainian outlaw of less wealth who became a folk hero to the commoners of Ukraine.

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V. A. Urechia

V.

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Vadim Pirogan

Vadim Pirogan (June 28, 1921 in Bălţi – January 16, 2007 in Chişinău) was a Bessarabian activist and author.

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Valerian Tulgara

Valerian Tulgar is a politician from Transnistria.

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Varna

Varna (Варна, Varna) is the third-largest city in Bulgaria and the largest city and seaside resort on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast.

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Varna Province

Varna Province (translit, former name Varna okrug) is a province in eastern Bulgaria, onе of the 28 Bulgarian provinces.

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Vasile Atanasiu

Vasile Atanasiu (April 25, 1886 in Târgovişte, Romania – June 6, 1964 in Bucharest, Romania) was a Greek-Romanian general.

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Vasile Cijevschi

Vasile Cijevschi (also credited as Cijevski or Tchizhevsky; October 17, 1881 – July 14, 1931) Mihai Tașcă,, in Timpul, April 10, 2010 was a Bessarabian and Romanian politician, administrator and writer.

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Vasile Ciorăscu

Vasile Cerescu (Ciorăscu) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vasile Țanțu

Vasile Ţanţu (1 March 1882, Horodiștea, Bessarabia Governorate - 30 January 1937, Iași) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vasile Gafencu

Vasile Gafencu (February 1, 1886, Sîngerei - March 16, 1942, Arkhangelsk) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vasile Ghenzul

Vasile Ghenzul was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vasile Lașcu

Vasile Laşcu (born Chişinău, 1857) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vasile Lupu High School Group

Vasile Lupu High School Group (Romanian:Grupul Liceul "Vasile Lupu") was one of the first organized anti-Soviet groups in Bessarabia in the wake of its occupation by the Soviet Union on June 28, 1940.

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Vasile Mândrescu

Vasile Mândrescu was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vasile Odobescu

Vasile Odobescu (born Cuizăuca) was a founder and leader of the anti-Soviet organization Democratic Agrarian Party.

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Vasile Pogor

Vasile V. Pogor (Francized Basile Pogor; August 20, 1833 – March 20, 1906) was a Moldavian, later Romanian poet, philosopher, translator and liberal conservative politician, one of the founders of Junimea literary society.

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Vasile Săcară

Vasile Săcară (April 6, 1881 – October 7, 1938) was a Romanian politician, journalist, author, and teacher from Soroca, Bessarabia.

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Vasile Stroescu

Vasile Vasilievici Stroescu (Василий Васильевич Строеско, Vasily Vasilyevich Stroesko; November 11, 1845 – April 13, 1926), also known as Vasile de Stroesco,"Vasile de Stroesco" and ""Scrisoarea dlui V. de Stroesco, in Unirea, Nr.

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Vera Rubin

Vera Florence Cooper Rubin (July 23, 1928 – December 25, 2016) was an American astronomer who pioneered work on galaxy rotation rates.

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Veretski Pass (band)

Veretski Pass is a klezmer trio using traditional instrumentation of accordion, violin, cimbalom and bowed double bass.

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Viața Basarabiei

Viaţa Basarabiei (Romanian for "Bessarabia's Life") is a Romanian-language periodical from Chişinău, Moldova.

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Viața Basarabiei (1907)

Viaţa Basarabiei (Bessarabia's Life) was a Romanian language periodical from Chişinău, Moldova.

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Viceroy

A viceroy is a regal official who runs a country, colony, city, province, or sub-national state, in the name of and as the representative of the monarch of the territory.

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Victor Teleucă

Victor Teleucă (January 19, 1933 in Cepeleuți – August 12, 2002 in Chișinău) was a Romanian writer and poet from Bessarabia (now Republic of Moldova).

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Victor Zâmbrea

Victor Zâmbrea (1924, Reni, Ismail county, Romania – 2000, Chişinău, Moldova) was a Bessarabian painter.

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Vipera nikolskii

Vipera nikolskii is a venomous viper species endemic to Ukraine, eastern Romania, and southwestern Russia.

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Vira Lozinsky

Vira Lozinsky is a Moldavian-born Israeli musician and Yiddish language singer.

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Visarion Puiu

Visarion Puiu (born Victor Puiu on 27 February 1879 in Paşcani, Romania – 10 August 1964 in Viels-Maisons, France) was a metropolitan bishop of the Romanian Orthodox Church and convicted war criminal.

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Vistula Germans

Vistula Germans (Weichseldeutsche) are ethnic Germans who had settled in what became known after the 1863 Polish rebellion as the Vistula Territory.

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Vitalie Zubac

Vitalie Zubac (born 1894, date of death unknown) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vladimir (Cantarean)

Vladimir (Cantarean), born Nicolae Cantarean on August 18, 1952, is a bishop of the Moldovan Orthodox Church under the Moscow Patriarchate.

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Vladimir Bodescu

Vladimir Bodescu (March 4, 1868, Durleşti – November 28, 1941, Chistopol) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vladimir Bogos

Vladimir Bogos (1 April 1893, Boldureşti - 1950) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vladimir Cazacliu

Vladimir Cazacliu (1890, Cuşelăuca - 1950, Bucharest) was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vladimir Chiorescu

Vladimir Chiorescu was a Bessarabian politician.

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Vladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky

Vladimir Ippolitovich Lipsky or Volodymyr Ipolytovych Lypsky (Владимир Ипполитович Липский; Володимир Іполитович Липський; 11 March 1863 – 24 February 1937) was a Ukrainian scientist, botanist; a member of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (in 1922—1928, its President) and corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and the Director of the Botanical Gardens of the Odessa University.

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Vladimir Purishkevich

Vladimir Mitrofanovich Purishkevich (p;, Kishinev – 1 February 1920, Novorossiysk, Russia) was a right-wing politician in Imperial Russia, noted for his monarchist, ultra-nationalist, antisemitic and anticommunist views.

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Vladimir Tismăneanu

Vladimir Tismăneanu (born July 4, 1951) is a Romanian and American political scientist, political analyst, sociologist, and professor at the University of Maryland, College Park.

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Vladimir Tsyganko

Vladimir Vladimirovich Tsyganko (Владимир Владимирович Цыганко; Vladimir Vladimirovici Țîganco; also Țâganco, Tziganco, Tziganko or Țiganco; 1886/1887 – January 26, 1938), National Library of RussiaBasciani, p. 128 was a Bessarabian, and later Soviet, politician.

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Vocea Basarabiei

Vocea Basarabiei (Voice of Bessarabia) is a Romanian language radio station in Moldova.

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Vocea Basarabiei (anti-Soviet group)

Vocea Basarabiei (The Voice of Bessarabia) was one of the organized anti-Soviet groups in Bessarabia.

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Volksdeutsche

In Nazi German terminology, Volksdeutsche were "Germans in regard to people or race" (Ethnic Germans), regardless of citizenship.

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Volodia Teitelboim

Volodia Teitelboim Volosky (originally Valentín Teitelboim Volosky; March 17, 1916 – January 31, 2008) was a Chilean communist politician, lawyer, and author.

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Vujica Vulićević

Vujica Vulićević (Вујица Вулићевић; 1773–1828) was a Serbian voivode (military commander) in the First Serbian Uprising of the Serbian Revolution, led by Grand Leader Karađorđe against the Ottoman Empire.

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Vyacheslav Molotov

Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (né Skryabin; 9 March 1890 – 8 November 1986) was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik, and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin.

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W. C. Raugust

Wilhelm (William) Christian Raugust (March 13, 1895 – December 17, 1970) was an American politician in the state of Washington.

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Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia (Țara Românească; archaic: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рȣмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania.

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Wallachian Revolution of 1848

The Wallachian Revolution of 1848 was a Romanian liberal and nationalist uprising in the Principality of Wallachia.

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Wedding in Bessarabia

Wedding in Bessarabia (Nuntă în Basarabia) is a comedy made in 2009 by director Napoleon Helmis.

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Werthein family

The Wertheins are an important family of entrepreneurs in Argentina.

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Werthein Group

The Grupo Werthein (Werthein Group) is a holding company based in Argentina.

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Western Moldavia

Western Moldavia (Moldova), also called Moldavia or Romanian Moldavia, is the historic and geographical part of the former Principality of Moldavia situated in eastern and north-eastern Romania.

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Wilhelm Filderman

Wilhelm Filderman (last name also spelled Fieldermann; 14 November 1882–1963) was a lawyer, communal leader, and the leader of the Romanian-Jewish community between 1919 and 1947; in addition, he was a representative of the Jews in the Romanian parliament.

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Wilhering Abbey

Wilhering Abbey (Stift Wilhering) is a Cistercian monastery in Wilhering in Upper Austria, about 8 km (5 mi) from Linz.

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World War I

World War I (often abbreviated as WWI or WW1), also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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World War II by country

Nearly every country in the world participated in World War II, with the exception of a few countries that remained neutral.

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World War II casualties

World War II was the deadliest military conflict in history in absolute terms of total casualties.

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World War II evacuation and expulsion

Mass evacuation, forced displacement, expulsion, and deportation of millions of people took place across most countries involved in World War II.

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XVII Army Corps (Wehrmacht)

XVII Army Corps (German: XVII. Armeekorps) was a corps in the German Army during World War II.

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Yakov Tikhai

Yakov Dmitriyevich Tikhai (Яков Дмитриевич Тихай pronounced tee-'high) was a Russian orthodox composer, liturgist and missionary.

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Yankev Shternberg

Yankev Shternberg (in English language texts occasionally referred to as Jacob Sternberg; יעקבֿ שטערנבערג; Яков Моисеевич Штернберг; 1890, Lipcani, Bessarabia, Russian Empire – 1973, Moscow, USSR) was a Yiddish theater director, teacher of theater, playwright, avant-garde poet and short-story writer, best known for his theater work in Romania between the two world wars.

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Yehuda Leib Maimon

Yehuda Leib Maimon (יהודה לייב מימון, 11 December 1875 – 10 July 1962, also known as Yehuda Leib Hacohen Maimon) was an Israeli rabbi, politician and leader of the Religious Zionist movement.

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Yehuda Leib Tsirelson

Yehuda Leib Tsirelson (1859, Kozelets, Chernihiv Oblast – 1941, Kishinev, Soviet Union) was the Chief Rabbi of Bessarabia, a member of the Romanian parliament, and a prominent Jewish leader and posek.

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Yeshayahu Sheinfeld

Yeshayau Sheinfeld (Scheinfeld) (1909–1979) was an Israeli painter and industrialist who is listed as one of the Founders and Builders of Israel.

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Yevgenia Bosch

Yevgenia Bosch (Євгенія Богданівна (Готлібівна) Бош; Евге́ния Богда́новна (Го́тлибовна) Бош) (Yevgenia Bogdanovna (Gotlibovna) Bosch), also known as Evgenia Bosh, Evgenia Bogtdanovna Bosch or Evheniya Bohdanivna Bosch (August 1879 – 5 January 1925) was a Bolshevik activist, politician, and member of the Soviet government in Ukraine during the revolutionary period in the early 20th century.

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Yiddish dialects

Yiddish dialects are variants of the Yiddish and are divided according to the region in Europe where each developed its distinctiveness.

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Yulia Sister

Yulia Sister (יוליה סיסטר, Юлия Давидовна Систер; born September 12, 1936 in Chişinău, Bessarabia, Romania) is a Soviet Moldavian and Israeli chemist-analyst engaged in chemical research with the use of polarography and chromatography, a science historian, and a researcher of Russian Jewry in Israel, France and other countries.

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Yulia Tsibulskaya

Yulia Tsibulskaya (Iulia Ţibulschi; Moldovan Cyrillic: Юлия Цибулски; born June 15, 1933) is a Moldovan composer.

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Yuri Alexandrovich Orlov

Yuri Alexandrovich Orlov (Yurij, Juriy, Jurii) (Ю́рий Алекса́ндрович Орло́в; June 12, 1893 — October 2, 1966) — Russian and Soviet zoologist, paleontologist.

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Yvonne Jospa

Yvonne Jospa (née Have Groisman, February 3, 1910 in Poputi, Bessarabia – January 20, 2000 in Brussels) was a cofounder and leading organizer of the Comité de Défense des Juifs in September 1942 with her husband Hertz Jospa, which saved over 3,000 Jewish children from deportation and death.

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Z'ev ben Shimon Halevi

Z'ev ben Shimon Halevi (English name, Warren Kenton) is an author of books on the Toledano Tradition of Kabbalah, a teacher of the discipline, with a worldwide following, and a founder member of the Kabbalah Society.

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Zaidee Jackson

Zaidee Jackson (30 December 1898 – 15 December 1970) was an American-born jazz, spiritual and pop music singer, dancer and actress who was well known in France, United Kingdom and Romania.

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Zaim, Căușeni

Zaim is commune in a Căușeni District, Moldova, located 7 km from the district seat Căușeni.

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Zamfir Arbore

Zamfir Constantin Arbore (born Zamfir Ralli, Земфирий Константинович Арборе-Ралли, Zemfiriyi Konstantinovich Arborye-Ralli; also known as Zamfir Arbure, Zamfir Rally, Zemphiri Ralli and Aivaza;Felea (1971), p.9 November 14, 1848 – April 2 or April 3, 1933) was a Bukovinan-born Romanian political activist originally active in the Russian Empire, also known for his work as an amateur historian, geographer and ethnographer.

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Zamfir Munteanu

Zamfir Munteanu was a Bessarabian politician.

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Zaporozhian Cossacks

The Zaporozhian Cossacks, Zaporozhian Cossack Army, Zaporozhian Host (Військо Запорізьке, Войско Запорожское) or simply Zaporozhians (translit) were Cossacks who lived beyond the rapids of the Dnieper River, the land also known under the historical term Wild Fields in today's Central Ukraine.

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Zatoka, Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi

Zatoka (Zatoca or Bugaz) is an urban-type settlement in Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Municipality in southwestern Ukraine.

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Zgurița

Zgurița (Romanian; Yiddish: זגוריצה, Russian: Згурица), pronunciation Zguritsa, is a village in Drochia District, in the north of Moldova.

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Zigu Ornea

Zigu Ornea (born Zigu Orenstein Andrei Vasilescu,, in, Vol. II, Nr. 1, January–June 2008, p.85 or OrnsteinGeorge Ardeleanu,, in Observator Cultural, Nr. 363, March 2007 and commonly known as Z. Ornea; August 28, 1930 – November 14, 2001) was a Romanian cultural historian, literary critic, biographer and book publisher.

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Zrubavel Gilad

Zrubavel Gilad (זרובבל גלעד, also זרבבל גלעד; b. 9 December 1912, d. 12 August 1988) was a Hebrew poet, editor and translator.

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1290

Year 1290 (MCCXC) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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14th Jazlowiec Uhlan Regiment

14th Jazlowiec Uhlan Regiment (Polish language: 14 Pulk Ulanów Jazlowieckich, 14 p.ul.) was a cavalry unit of the Polish Army in the Second Polish Republic, also a unit of Polish Armed Forces in the West and the Home Army.

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1810s

The 1810s decade ran from January 1, 1810, to December 31, 1819.

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1812

No description.

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1834

No description.

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1887 in poetry

Nationality words link to articles with information on the nation's poetry or literature (for instance, Irish or France).

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1891 in science

The year 1891 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

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1918

This year is famous for the end of the First World War, on the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month, as well as for the flu pandemic, that killed 50-100 million people worldwide.

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1936 in Mandatory Palestine

Events in the year 1936 in the British Mandate of Palestine.

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1940s

The 1940s (pronounced "nineteen-forties" and commonly abbreviated as the "Forties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1940, and ended on December 31, 1949.

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1962 in Israel

Events in the year 1962 in Israel.

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1980 in Israel

Events in the year 1980 in Israel.

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1986 Vrancea earthquake

Striking central Romania on August 30 at 21:28 UTC, the 1986 Vrancea earthquake killed more than 150 people, injured over 500, and damaged over 50,000 homes.

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1st Infantry Regiment (Greece)

The 1st Infantry Regiment (1ο Σύνταγμα Πεζικού, 1ο ΣΠ) is a motorized infantry regiment of the Hellenic Army.

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1st Krechowce Uhlan Regiment

The First Krechowce Uhlan Regiment was a mounted unit of the Polish Army, active in the Second Polish Republic.

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2005 in Israel

Events in the year 2005 in Israel.

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2015–16 protests in Moldova

In the spring of 2015, Moldova faced large-scale protests amid a worsening economic situation and corruption scandals.

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2nd Mechanized Corps (Soviet Union)

The 2nd Mechanised Corps was a formation in the Soviet Red Army during the Second World War.

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3rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division (Soviet Union)

The 3rd Anti-Aircraft Artillery Division was an anti-aircraft artillery division of the Soviet Union's Red Army during World War II.

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3rd Legions' Infantry Regiment

Third Legions Infantry Regiment (Polish language: 3. Pulk Piechoty Legionów; 3 pp Leg.) was an infantry unit of Polish Legions in World War I, Polish Army and the Home Army.

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4th Rifle Division (Poland)

The Polish 4th Rifle Division (4.) was a Polish military unit, forming, together with the Polish 5th Rifle Division of the Blue Army, the only part of the Polish military which took part in the Russian Civil War.

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5/42 Evzone Regiment

The 5/42 Evzone Regiment "Delvinaki" (5/42 Σύνταγμα Ευζώνων «Δελβινάκι», 5/42 ΣΕ) is an active infantry unit of the Hellenic Army.

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Redirects here:

Ancient history of Bessarabia, Basarabia, Bassarabia, Besarabia, Besarabya, Beserabia, Bessarabia (Moldova and Ukraine), Bessarabia in Middle Ages, Bessarabia in the Middle Ages, Bessarabiya, Besserabia, Bokharaby, Eastern Moldavia, Eastern Moldova, History of Bessarabia, Modern history of Bessarabia, Prehistory of Bessarabia, Soviet invasion of Bassarabia, Бесарабия, Бесарабія, Бессарабия.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessarabia