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118 relations: Airy disk, André Maréchal, Angular resolution, Aperture masking interferometry, Astronomical interferometer, Atomic force microscopy, Babinet's principle, Ballistic photon, Bates method, Beam divergence, Camera, Camera lens, Campanile probe, Carl Zeiss AG, Characterization of nanoparticles, Christoph Cremer, Correlative light-electron microscopy, Diffraction, Double-clad fiber, Electromagnetic metasurface, Ellipsometry, Eric Betzig, Evanescent field, Extremely Large Telescope, Fiber laser, Fluorescence microscope, Foucault knife-edge test, Fourier optics, Fourier ptychography, Fried parameter, Gran Telescopio Canarias, GSD microscopy, Hale Telescope, Hubble Space Telescope, Image resolution, Image sensor format, Index of physics articles (D), Interband cascade laser, Interferometric microscopy, Laser, Laser beam profiler, Laser beam quality, Lens (optics), Light sheet fluorescence microscopy, Low-dispersion glass, Lucky imaging, Magnification, Marshall Space Flight Center, Medical optical imaging, Metamaterial, ..., Metamaterial antenna, Microelectromechanical systems, Microscope, Microscopy, Minute and second of arc, Mirror, Multi-mode optical fiber, Nanoparticle, Nanophotonics, Near-field optics, Near-field scanning optical microscope, Negative-index metamaterial, Neutral-density filter, Nocticron, Numerical aperture, OH-Suppressing Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph, Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 300 mm f/4 IS Pro, Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 40-150mm f/2.8 PRO, Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 8 mm f/1.8 Fisheye Pro, Optical microscope, Optical resolution, Optical sectioning, Optical telescope, Optical transfer function, Optics, Panasonic Leica DG Vario-Elmar 100-400 mm, Parametric array, Photoactivated localization microscopy, Photolithography, Physical paradox, Planetshine, Plasmon coupling, Plasmonic lens, Plasmonic metamaterial, Point spread function, Polymer scattering, Project Excalibur, Quantum microscopy, RESOLFT, Robert Blalack, Roberto Merlin, Scanning electron microscope, Scanning probe lithography, Solid immersion lens, Space probe, Speckle imaging, Stealth technology, STED microscopy, Stigmatism, Super-resolution dipole orientation mapping, Super-resolution imaging, Super-resolution microscopy, Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging, Super-resolution photoacoustic imaging, Superlens, Superlubricity, Surface plasmon polariton, Synchrotron light source, Terahertz metamaterial, Tethered particle motion, Thermal scanning probe lithography, Thirty Meter Telescope, Time reversal signal processing, Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Visual acuity, Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, 3D optical data storage. Expand index (68 more) »
Airy disk
In optics, the Airy disk (or Airy disc) and Airy pattern are descriptions of the best focused spot of light that a perfect lens with a circular aperture can make, limited by the diffraction of light.
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André Maréchal
Robert Gaston André Maréchal (10 December 1916 – 14 October 2007) was a French researcher and administrator in optics.
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Angular resolution
Angular resolution or spatial resolution describes the ability of any image-forming device such as an optical or radio telescope, a microscope, a camera, or an eye, to distinguish small details of an object, thereby making it a major determinant of image resolution.
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Aperture masking interferometry
Aperture Masking Interferometry is a form of speckle interferometry, that allows diffraction limited imaging from ground-based telescopes, and is a planned high contrast imaging mode on the James Webb Space Telescope.
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Astronomical interferometer
An astronomical interferometer is an array of separate telescopes, mirror segments, or radio telescope antennas that work together as a single telescope to provide higher resolution images of astronomical objects such as stars, nebulas and galaxies by means of interferometry.
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Atomic force microscopy
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) or scanning force microscopy (SFM) is a very-high-resolution type of scanning probe microscopy (SPM), with demonstrated resolution on the order of fractions of a nanometer, more than 1000 times better than the optical diffraction limit.
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Babinet's principle
In physics, Babinet's principle states that the diffraction pattern from an opaque body is identical to that from a hole of the same size and shape except for the overall forward beam intensity.
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Ballistic photon
Ballistic photons are the light photons that travel through a scattering (turbid) medium in a straight line.
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Bates method
The Bates method is an alternative therapy aimed at improving eyesight.
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Beam divergence
The beam divergence of an electromagnetic beam is an angular measure of the increase in beam diameter or radius with distance from the optical aperture or antenna aperture from which the electromagnetic beam emerges.
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Camera
A camera is an optical instrument for recording or capturing images, which may be stored locally, transmitted to another location, or both.
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Camera lens
A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically.
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Campanile probe
In near-field scanning optical microscopy the campanile probe is a tapered optical probe with a shape of a campanile (a square pyramid).
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Carl Zeiss AG
Carl Zeiss, branded as ZEISS, is a German manufacturer of optical systems, industrial measurements and medical devices, founded in Jena, Germany in 1846 by optician Carl Zeiss.
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Characterization of nanoparticles
The characterization of nanoparticles is a branch of nanometrology that deals with the characterization of physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles.
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Christoph Cremer
Christoph Cremer (born in Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany) is a German physicist and professor at the Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, honorary professor at the University of Mainz and group leader at the Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) a newly established research centre on the campus of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Germany, who has successfully overcome the conventional limit of resolution that applies to light based investigations (the Abbe limit) by a range of different methods (1971/1978 development of the concept of 4Pi-microscopy; 1996 localization microscopy SPDM; 1997 spatially structured illumination SMI).
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Correlative light-electron microscopy
Correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM) is the combination of an optical microscope - usually a fluorescence microscope - with an electron microscope.
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Diffraction
--> Diffraction refers to various phenomena that occur when a wave encounters an obstacle or a slit.
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Double-clad fiber
Double-clad fiber (DCF) is a class of optical fiber with a structure consisting of three layers of optical material instead of the usual two.
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Electromagnetic metasurface
An electromagnetic metasurface refers to a kind of artificial sheet material with sub-wavelength thickness.
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Ellipsometry
Ellipsometry is an optical technique for investigating the dielectric properties (complex refractive index or dielectric function) of thin films.
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Eric Betzig
Robert Eric Betzig (born January 13, 1960) is an American physicist based at the Janelia Farm Research Campus in Ashburn, Virginia.
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Evanescent field
In electromagnetics, an evanescent field, or evanescent wave, is an oscillating electric and/or magnetic field that does not propagate as an electromagnetic wave but whose energy is spatially concentrated in the vicinity of the source (oscillating charges and currents).
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Extremely Large Telescope
The Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) is an astronomical observatory and the world's largest optical/near-infrared extremely large telescope now under construction.
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Fiber laser
A fiber laser or fibre laser is a laser in which the active gain medium is an optical fiber doped with rare-earth elements such as erbium, ytterbium, neodymium, dysprosium, praseodymium, thulium and holmium.
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Fluorescence microscope
A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of, or in addition to, reflection and absorption to study properties of organic or inorganic substances.
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Foucault knife-edge test
The Foucault knife-edge test was described in 1858 by French physicist Léon Foucault to measure conic shapes of optical mirrors, with error margins measurable in fractions of wavelengths of light (or Angstroms, millionths of an inch, or nanometers).
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Fourier optics
Fourier optics is the study of classical optics using Fourier transforms (FTs), in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of plane waves that are not related to any identifiable sources; instead they are the natural modes of the propagation medium itself.
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Fourier ptychography
Fourier ptychography is a computational imaging technique based on optical microscopy that consists in the synthesis of a wider numerical aperture from a set of full-field images acquired with various coherent illumination angles, resulting in increased resolution compared to a conventional microscope.
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Fried parameter
The Fried parameter or Fried's coherence length (commonly designated as r_0) is a measure of the quality of optical transmission through the atmosphere due to random inhomogeneities in the atmosphere's refractive index.
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Gran Telescopio Canarias
The Gran Telescopio Canarias (GranTeCan or GTC) is a reflecting telescope located at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory on the island of La Palma, in the Canaries, Spain.
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GSD microscopy
Ground state depletion microscopy (GSD Microscopy) is an implementation of the RESOLFT concept.
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Hale Telescope
The Hale telescope is a, f/3.3 reflecting telescope at the Palomar Observatory in California, US, named after astronomer George Ellery Hale.
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Hubble Space Telescope
The Hubble Space Telescope (HST) is a space telescope that was launched into low Earth orbit in 1990 and remains in operation.
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Image resolution
Image resolution is the detail an image holds.
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Image sensor format
Note: If you came here to get a quick understanding of numbers like 1/2.3, skip ahead to table of sensor formats and sizes.
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Index of physics articles (D)
The index of physics articles is split into multiple pages due to its size.
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Interband cascade laser
Interband cascade lasers (ICLs) are a type of laser diode that can produce coherent radiation over a large part of the mid-infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
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Interferometric microscopy
Interferometric microscopy or Imaging interferometric microscopy is the concept of microscopy which is related to holography, synthetic-aperture imaging, and off-axis-dark-field illumination techniques.
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Laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation.
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Laser beam profiler
A laser beam profiler captures, displays, and records the spatial intensity profile of a laser beam at a particular plane transverse to the beam propagation path.
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Laser beam quality
In laser science, laser beam quality defines aspects of the beam illumination pattern and the merits of a particular laser beam's propagation and transformation properties (space-bandwidth criterion).
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Lens (optics)
A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.
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Light sheet fluorescence microscopy
Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a fluorescence microscopy technique with an intermediate-to-high optical resolution, but good optical sectioning capabilities and high speed.
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Low-dispersion glass
Low-dispersion glass (LD glass) is a type of glass with low dispersion.
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Lucky imaging
Lucky imaging (also called lucky exposures) is one form of speckle imaging used for astronomical photography.
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Magnification
Magnification is the process of enlarging the appearance, not physical size, of something.
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Marshall Space Flight Center
The George C. Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), located in Huntsville, Alabama, is the U.S. government's civilian rocketry and spacecraft propulsion research center.
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Medical optical imaging
Medical optical imaging is the use of light as an investigational imaging technique for medical applications.
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Metamaterial
A metamaterial (from the Greek word μετά meta, meaning "beyond") is a material engineered to have a property that is not found in nature.
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Metamaterial antenna
Metamaterial antennas are a class of antennas which use metamaterials to increase performance of miniaturized (electrically small) antenna systems.
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Microelectromechanical systems
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS, also written as micro-electro-mechanical, MicroElectroMechanical or microelectronic and microelectromechanical systems and the related micromechatronics) is the technology of microscopic devices, particularly those with moving parts.
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Microscope
A microscope (from the μικρός, mikrós, "small" and σκοπεῖν, skopeîn, "to look" or "see") is an instrument used to see objects that are too small to be seen by the naked eye.
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Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view objects and areas of objects that cannot be seen with the naked eye (objects that are not within the resolution range of the normal eye).
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Minute and second of arc
A minute of arc, arcminute (arcmin), arc minute, or minute arc is a unit of angular measurement equal to of one degree.
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Mirror
A mirror is an object that reflects light in such a way that, for incident light in some range of wavelengths, the reflected light preserves many or most of the detailed physical characteristics of the original light, called specular reflection.
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Multi-mode optical fiber
Multi-mode optical fiber is a type of optical fiber mostly used for communication over short distances, such as within a building or on a campus.
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Nanoparticle
Nanoparticles are particles between 1 and 100 nanometres (nm) in size with a surrounding interfacial layer.
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Nanophotonics
Nanophotonics or nano-optics is the study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, and of the interaction of nanometer-scale objects with light.
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Near-field optics
Near-field optics is that branch of optics that considers configurations that depend on the passage of light to, from, through, or near an element with subwavelength features, and the coupling of that light to a second element located a subwavelength distance from the first.
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Near-field scanning optical microscope
Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM/SNOM) is a microscopy technique for nanostructure investigation that breaks the far field resolution limit by exploiting the properties of evanescent waves.
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Negative-index metamaterial
Negative-index metamaterial or negative-index material (NIM) is a metamaterial whose refractive index for an electromagnetic wave has a negative value over some frequency range.
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Neutral-density filter
In photography and optics, a neutral-density filter, or ND filter, is a filter that reduces or modifies the intensity of all wavelengths, or colors, of light equally, giving no changes in hue of color rendition.
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Nocticron
Nocticron („Night-time“ from latin nox, noctis „night“ and ancient Greek kronos „time“) is the brand name of optically corrected Leica lenses with an extreme speed of f/1.2.
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Numerical aperture
In optics, the numerical aperture (NA) of an optical system is a dimensionless number that characterizes the range of angles over which the system can accept or emit light.
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OH-Suppressing Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph
OSIRIS (OH-Suppressing Infrared Integral Field Spectrograph) is an integral field spectrograph for the Keck I telescope in Hawaii.
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Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 300 mm f/4 IS Pro
Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 300 mm f/4 IS Pro is an optically corrected telephoto lens.
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Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 40-150mm f/2.8 PRO
The M.Zuiko Digital ED 40-150mm f/2.8 PRO is a Micro Four Thirds System lens by Olympus Corporation, sold as a standalone item.
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Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 8 mm f/1.8 Fisheye Pro
Olympus M.Zuiko Digital ED 8 mm f/1.8 Fisheye Pro is an optically corrected fisheye lens.
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Optical microscope
The optical microscope, often referred to as the light microscope, is a type of microscope that uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify images of small subjects.
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Optical resolution
Optical resolution describes the ability of an imaging system to resolve detail in the object that is being imaged.
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Optical sectioning
Optical sectioning is the process by which a suitably designed microscope can produce clear images of focal planes deep within a thick sample.
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Optical telescope
An optical telescope is a telescope that gathers and focuses light, mainly from the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum, to create a magnified image for direct view, or to make a photograph, or to collect data through electronic image sensors.
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Optical transfer function
The optical transfer function (OTF) of an optical system such as a camera, microscope, human eye, or projector specifies how different spatial frequencies are handled by the system.
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Optics
Optics is the branch of physics which involves the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it.
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Panasonic Leica DG Vario-Elmar 100-400 mm
The Panasonic Leica DG Vario-Elmar 100–400 mm 4.0-6.3 lens is a digital compact telephoto zoom lens for Micro Four Thirds system cameras.
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Parametric array
A parametric array, in the field of acoustics, is a nonlinear transduction mechanism that generates narrow, nearly side lobe-free beams of low frequency sound, through the mixing and interaction of high frequency sound waves, effectively overcoming the diffraction limit (a kind of spatial 'uncertainty principle') associated with linear acoustics.
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Photoactivated localization microscopy
Photo-activated localization microscopy (PALM or FPALM) and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) are widefield (as opposed to point scanning techniques such as laser scanning confocal microscopy) fluorescence microscopy imaging methods that allow obtaining images with a resolution beyond the diffraction limit.
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Photolithography
Photolithography, also termed optical lithography or UV lithography, is a process used in microfabrication to pattern parts of a thin film or the bulk of a substrate.
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Physical paradox
A physical paradox is an apparent contradiction in physical descriptions of the universe.
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Planetshine
Planetshine is the dim illumination, by sunlight reflected from a planet, of all or part of the otherwise dark side of any moon orbiting the body.
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Plasmon coupling
Plasmon coupling is a reaction that occurs when two or more plasmonic particles approach each other to a distance below approximately one diameter’s length.
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Plasmonic lens
In nano-optics, a plasmonic lens generally refers to a lens for surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), i.e. a device that redirects SPPs to converge towards a single focal point.
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Plasmonic metamaterial
A plasmonic metamaterial is a metamaterial that uses surface plasmons to achieve optical properties not seen in nature.
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Point spread function
The point spread function (PSF) describes the response of an imaging system to a point source or point object.
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Polymer scattering
Polymer scattering experiments are one of the main scientific methods used in chemistry, physics and other sciences to study the characteristics of polymeric systems: solutions, gels, compounds and more.
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Project Excalibur
Project Excalibur was a Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) research program to develop an X-ray laser as a ballistic missile defense (BMD).
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Quantum microscopy
Quantum microscopy is a novel tool that allows microscopic properties of matter and quantum particles to be measured and directly visualized.
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RESOLFT
RESOLFT, an acronym for REversible Saturable Optical Linear Fluorescence Transitions, denotes a group of optical microscopy techniques with very high resolution.
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Robert Blalack
Robert Blalack is a mass-media visual artist and producer.
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Roberto Merlin
Roberto D. Merlin is an Argentine physicist and Peter A. Franken Collegiate Professor of Physics and Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Michigan.
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Scanning electron microscope
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.
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Scanning probe lithography
Scanning probe lithography (SPL) describes a set of nanolithographic methods to pattern material on the nanoscale using scanning probes. It is a direct-write, mask-less approach which bypasses the diffraction limit and can reach resolutions below 10 nm.
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Solid immersion lens
A solid immersion lens (SIL) has higher magnification and higher numerical aperture than common lenses by filling the object space with a high-refractive-index solid material.
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Space probe
A space probe is a robotic spacecraft that does not orbit the Earth, but, instead, explores further into outer space.
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Speckle imaging
Image:Zeta_bootis_short_exposure.png|Typical short-exposure image of a binary star (Zeta Bootis in this case) as seen through atmospheric seeing.
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Stealth technology
Stealth technology also termed low observable technology (LO technology) is a sub-discipline of military tactics and passive electronic countermeasures, which cover a range of techniques used with personnel, aircraft, ships, submarines, missiles and satellites to make them less visible (ideally invisible) to radar, infrared, sonar and other detection methods.
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STED microscopy
Stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy is one of the techniques that make up super-resolution microscopy.
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Stigmatism
In geometric optics, stigmatism refers to the image-formation property of an optical system which focuses a single point source in object space into a single point in image space.
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Super-resolution dipole orientation mapping
Super-resolution dipole orientation mapping (SDOM) is a form of fluorescence polarization microscopy (FPM) that achieved super resolution through polarization demodulation.
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Super-resolution imaging
Super-resolution imaging (SR) is a class of techniques that enhance the resolution of an imaging system.
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Super-resolution microscopy
Super-resolution microscopy, in light microscopy, is a term that gathers several techniques, which allow images to be taken with a higher resolution than the one imposed by the diffraction limit.
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Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging
Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) is a post-processing method for the calculation of super-resolved images from recorded image time series that is based on the temporal correlations of independently fluctuating fluorescent emitters.
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Super-resolution photoacoustic imaging
Super-resolution photoacoustic imaging is a set of techniques used to enhance spatial resolution in photoacoustic imaging.
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Superlens
A superlens, or super lens, is a lens which uses metamaterials to go beyond the diffraction limit.
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Superlubricity
Superlubricity is a regime of motion in which friction vanishes or very nearly vanishes.
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Surface plasmon polariton
Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are infrared or visible-frequency electromagnetic waves that travel along a metal–dielectric or metal–air interface.
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Synchrotron light source
A synchrotron light source is a source of electromagnetic radiation (EM) usually produced by a storage ring, for scientific and technical purposes.
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Terahertz metamaterial
A terahertz metamaterial is a class of composite metamaterials designed to interact at terahertz (THz) frequencies.
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Tethered particle motion
Tethered particle motion (TPM) is a biophysical method that is used for studying various polymers such as DNA and their interaction with other entities such as proteins.
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Thermal scanning probe lithography
Thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) is a form of scanning probe lithography (SPL) whereby material is structured on the nanoscale using scanning probes, primarily through the application of thermal energy. Related fields are thermo-mechanical SPL (see also Millipede memory), thermochemical SPL (or thermochemical nanolithography) where the goal is to influence the local chemistry, and thermal Dip Pen Lithography as an additive technique.
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Thirty Meter Telescope
The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is a proposed astronomical observatory with an extremely large telescope (ELT) that has become the source of controversy over its planned location on Mauna Kea on the island of Hawaii in the US state of Hawaii.
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Time reversal signal processing
Time Reversal Signal Processing is a technique for focusing waves.
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Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy
Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a specialist approach to surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in which enhancement of Raman scattering occurs only at the point of a near atomically sharp pin, typically coated with gold.
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Transmission electron microscopy
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM, also sometimes conventional transmission electron microscopy or CTEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image.
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Visual acuity
Visual acuity (VA) commonly refers to the clarity of vision.
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Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience
The Werner Reichardt Centre for Integrative Neuroscience (CIN) is the common platform for systems neuroscience at the University of Tübingen in Germany.
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3D optical data storage
3D optical data storage is any form of optical data storage in which information can be recorded or read with three-dimensional resolution (as opposed to the two-dimensional resolution afforded, for example, by CD).
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Abbe diffraction limit, Abbe limit, Diffraction Limit, Diffraction limit, Diffraction limited, Diffraction limited system, Diffraction-Limited Optics, Diffraction-limited, Diffraction-limited image, Diffraction-limited optics.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction-limited_system
