International humanitarian law

International humanitarian law (IHL) is the law that regulates the conduct of war (jus in bello). ^[1]

'Neile Alina 'Mantoa Fanana

'Neile Alina 'Mantoa Fanana (born 1945) is a Lesotho lawyer.

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Abu Dis

Abu Dis or Abu Deis (أبو ديس) is a Palestinian village in the Jerusalem Governorate of the Palestinian National Authority bordering Jerusalem.

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Abu Dis Waste Disposal Site

Abu Dis is a Palestinian town in the Jerusalem Governorate of the Palestinian National Authority bordering Jerusalem.

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Aerial bombardment and international law

Air warfare must comply with laws and customs of war, including international humanitarian law by protecting the victims of the conflict and refraining from attacks on protected persons.

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The aerial bombing of cities in warfare is an optional element of strategic bombing which became widespread during World War I. The bombing of cities grew to a vast scale in World War II, and is still practiced today.

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Allegations of war crimes in the 2006 Lebanon War

Allegations of war crimes in the 2006 Lebanon War refer to claims of various groups and individuals, including Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and United Nations officials, who accused both Hezbollah and Israel of violating international humanitarian law during the 2006 Lebanon War, and warned of possible war crimes.

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Alleged war crimes during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War

There are allegations that war crimes were committed by the Sri Lankan military and the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Tamil Tigers) during the Sri Lankan Civil War, particularly during the final months of the Eelam War IV phase in 2009.

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Allied Command Transformation

Allied Command Transformation (ACT; Le Commandement allié Transformation) is a NATO military command, which was formed in 2003 after North Atlantic Treaty Organisation restructuring.

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Allied war crimes during World War II

Allied war crimes include both alleged and legally proven violations of the laws of war by the Allies of World War II against either civilians or military personnel of the Axis powers.

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Alon Shvut

Alon Shvut (אַלּוֹן שְׁבוּת) is an Israeli settlement located southwest of Jerusalem, one kilometer northeast of Kfar Etzion, in the West Bank.

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Amnesty law

An amnesty law is any law that retroactively exempts a select group of people, usually military leaders and government leaders, from criminal liability for crimes committed.

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Andreas Paulus

Andreas L. Paulus (born 30 August 1968) is a German jurist.

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Arms Trade Treaty

The Arms Trade Treaty (ATT) is a multilateral treaty that regulates the international trade in conventional weapons.

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Army Medical Service (Germany)

The Army Medical Service (Sanitätsdienst Heer or Sanitätsdienst des Heeres) is a non-combat specialty branch of the German Army traditionally responsible for providing medical services within the army, and which has a humanitarian function during armed conflicts in accordance with international humanitarian law, and specific rights and responsibilities under the Geneva Conventions, their additional protocols and customary international humanitarian law.

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Asia Cup Moot

The Asia Cup Moot, or Asia Cup in short, is an annual international moot court competition that is open to law schools in Asia.

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Assassination

Assassination is the killing of a prominent person, either for political or religious reasons or for payment.

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Association for Civil Rights in Israel

The Association for Civil Rights in Israel (ACRI) (Hebrew: האגודה לזכויות האזרח בישראל; Arabic: جمعية حقوق المواطن في اسرائيل) was created in 1972 as an independent, non-partisan not-for-profit organization with the mission of protecting human rights and civil rights in Israel and the territories under its control.

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Australian Army Legal Corps

The Australian Army Legal Corps consists of Regular and Reserve commissioned officers that provide specific legal advice to commanders and general legal advice to all ranks.

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Australian Red Cross

The Australian Red Cross is a leading humanitarian aid and community services charity in Australia and an auxiliary to government.

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Austrian Red Cross

The Austrian Red Cross (German: Österreichisches Rotes Kreuz, ÖRK) is the national Red Cross Organization in Austria and is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement.

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Avichai Mandelblit

Aluf Avichai Mandelblit (אביחי מנדלבליט; born 29 June 1963) is an Israeli jurist who currently serves as the Attorney General of Israel.

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Íngrid Betancourt

Ingrid Betancourt Pulecio (born 25 December 1961) is a Colombian-French politician, former senator and anti-corruption activist.

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Baku–Rostov highway bombing

The Baku–Rostov highway bombing was an incident which occurred near the village of Shaami-Yurt in Chechnya, on October 29, 1999.

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Balkans

The Balkans, or the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographic area in southeastern Europe with various and disputed definitions.

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Baltic Summer Academy

Baltic Summer Academy on International Humanitarian Law is organised every summer by Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian Red Cross National Societies and International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) Regional Delegation for Central Europe.

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Ben Emmerson

Ben Emmerson, QC (born 10 August 1963) is a British lawyer, specialising in European human rights law, public international law and international criminal law.

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Ben Saul

Ben Saul is the current Challis Professor of International Law at the University of Sydney and an Australian Research Council Future Fellow.

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Biological warfare

Biological warfare (BW)—also known as germ warfare—is the use of biological toxins or infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi with the intent to kill or incapacitate humans, animals or plants as an act of war.

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Bombing of Dresden in World War II

The bombing of Dresden was a British/American aerial bombing attack on the city of Dresden, the capital of the German state of Saxony, during World War II in the European Theatre.

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Buddhism and violence

Violence in Buddhism includes acts of violence and aggression committed by Buddhists with religious, political, or socio-cultural motivations, as well as self-inflicted violence by ascetics or for religious purposes.

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Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East

Canadians for Justice and Peace in the Middle East (CJPME) is a pan-Canadian grassroots advocacy organization established under a different name in 2002 in order to "empower Canadians of all backgrounds to promote justice, development and peace in the Middle East, and at home in Canada".

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Center for Human Rights & Humanitarian Law

The Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law at American University Washington College of Law (WCL) was founded in 1990 as a way to coordinate all the human rights and humanitarian law activities at WCL.

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Center of Excellence for Stability Police Units

The Center of Excellence for Stability Police Units is a training center and a doctrinal hub created by the Italian government on 1 March 2005, in accordance with the G8 Action Plan “Expanding Global Capability for Peace Support Operations” (PSOs).

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Chemical warfare

Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons.

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Children in the military

Children in the military are children (defined by the Convention on the Rights of the Child as persons under the age of 18) who are associated with military organisations, such as state armed forces and non-state armed groups.

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Civilian

A civilian is "a person who is not a member of the military or of a police or firefighting force".

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Cluster munition

A cluster munition is a form of air-dropped or ground-launched explosive weapon that releases or ejects smaller submunitions.

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Cluster Munition Coalition

The Cluster Munition Coalition (CMC) is an international civil society movement campaigning against the use, production, stockpiling and transfer of cluster munitions.

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Collateral damage

Collateral damage is a general term for deaths, injuries, or other damage inflicted on an unintended target.

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Colombia

Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia, is a sovereign state largely situated in the northwest of South America, with territories in Central America.

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Colombian conflict

The Colombian conflict began in the mid-1960s and is a low-intensity asymmetric war between Colombian governments, paramilitary groups, crime syndicates, and far-left guerrillas such as the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and the National Liberation Army (ELN), fighting each other to increase their influence in Colombian territory.

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Colombian Constitution of 1991

The Constitution of Colombia (Constitución Política de Colombia), better known as the Constitution of 1991, is the current governing document of the Republic of Colombia.

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Colombian peace process

The Colombian peace process refers to the peace process between the Colombian government of President Juan Manuel Santos and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC–EP) to bring an end to the Colombian conflict.

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Command responsibility

Command responsibility, sometimes referred to as the Yamashita standard or the Medina standard, and also known as superior responsibility, is the legal doctrine of hierarchical accountability for war crimes.

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Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities

The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities is an international human rights treaty of the United Nations intended to protect the rights and dignity of persons with disabilities.

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Counter-insurgency

A counter-insurgency or counterinsurgency (COIN) can be defined as "comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes".

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Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Serbo-Croatian: Sud Bosne i Hercegovine, Cyrillic script: Суд Босне и Херцеговине; abbreviated as the Court of BiH in English) is a domestic court of the State of Bosnia and Herzegovina which includes international judges and prosecutors.

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Crimes against humanity

Crimes against humanity are certain acts that are deliberately committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack or individual attack directed against any civilian or an identifiable part of a civilian population.

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Crimes of War

Crimes of War: What the Public Should Know is a 1999 reference book edited by Roy Gutman and David Rieff that offers a compendium of more than 150 entries of articles and photographs that broadly define "international humanitarian law", a subject that involves most of the legal and political aspects of modern conflict.

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Croatian War of Independence

The Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 between Croat forces loyal to the government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY)—and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army (JNA) and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat operations in Croatia by 1992.

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Customary international humanitarian law

Customary international humanitarian law is a body of unwritten rules of public international law, which govern conduct during armed conflict.

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Customary international law

Customary international law is an aspect of international law involving the principle of custom.

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Cyberwarfare

Cyberwarfare is the use or targeting in a battlespace or warfare context of computers, online control systems and networks.

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Dam

A dam is a barrier that stops or restricts the flow of water or underground streams.

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Dam failure

A dam is a barrier across flowing water that obstructs, directs or slows down the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundments.

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Daniel Nord

Daniel Nord is a former Deputy Director of Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI).

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Daniel Thürer

Daniel Thürer (born 6 June 1945 in St. Gallen) is a Swiss jurist and professor emeritus of international, comparative constitutional and European law at the University of Zurich.

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David Kaye (law professor)

David Kaye is the current United Nations special rapporteur on the Promotion and Protection of the Right to Freedom of Opinion and Expression, a post he has held since August 2014.

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David Pratt (politician)

David Pratt, (born January 3, 1955) is a Canadian former politician.

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Death of Osama bin Laden

Osama bin Laden, the founder and first leader of the Islamist group Al-Qaeda, was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011 shortly after 1:00 am PKT (20:00 UTC, May 1) by United States Navy SEALs of the U.S. Naval Special Warfare Development Group (also known as DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six).

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Depleted uranium

Depleted uranium (DU; also referred to in the past as Q-metal, depletalloy or D-38) is uranium with a lower content of the fissile isotope U-235 than natural uranium.

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Disposition Matrix

The Disposition Matrix, informally known as a kill list, is a database of information for tracking, capturing, rendering, or killing suspected enemies of the United States.

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Distinction (law)

Distinction is a principle under international humanitarian law governing the legal use of force in an armed conflict, whereby belligerents must distinguish between combatants and civilians.

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DRC Mapping Exercise Report

The DRC Mapping Exercise Report, or the Democratic Republic of the Congo 1993-2003 UN Mapping Report, was a report by the United Nations within the Democratic Republic of the Congo in the wake of the armed aggressions and war which took place between March 1993 and June 2003.

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Drone strike

A drone strike is typically where an unmanned combat aerial vehicle fires a missile at a target.

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Durham Law School

Durham Law School is the law school of Durham University.

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Effects of war

Post war effects are widely spread.

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Emmanuel Goffi

Emmanuel Roberto Goffi (born December 10, 1971) is a French Air Force Officer (Captain).

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Emmanuel T. Bautista

Emmanuel Trinidad Bautista (born 20 July 1958) is a Filipino General who served as the 44th Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines as he succeeded Gen. Jessie Dellosa as AFP Chief.

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Emmanuelle Jouannet

Emmanuelle Tourme-Jouannet (born July 28, 1962) is a professor of International law at the Sciences Po School of Law.

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Evhen Tsybulenko

Evhen Tsybulenko (Євген Цибуленко) (born 21 October 1972 in Simferopol, Ukraine) is an Estonian legal scholar of Ukrainian descent.

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Explosive weapon

An explosive weapon generally uses high explosive to project blast and/or fragmentation from a point of detonation.

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Extraterritorial operation

An extraterritorial operation in international law is a law enforcement or military operation conducted outside the territory or jurisdiction of the state of the forces in operation, generally within the territory of another sovereign state.

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Fernando Andreu

Fernando Andreu is a judge of the Audiencia Nacional in Spain.

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Field hospital

A field hospital is a small mobile medical unit, or mini hospital, that temporarily takes care of casualties on-site before they can be safely transported to more permanent facilities.

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First Geneva Convention

The First Geneva Convention for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field, held on 22 August 1864, is the first of four treaties of the Geneva Conventions.

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Forced displacement

Forced displacement or forced immigration is the coerced movement of a person or people away from their home or home region and it often connotes violent coercion.

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Foreign relations of Switzerland

The foreign relations of Switzerland are the primary responsibility of the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs (FDFA).

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Fourth Geneva Convention

The Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, commonly referred to as the Fourth Geneva Convention and abbreviated as GCIV, is one of the four treaties of the Geneva Conventions.

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Fund for Peace

The Fund for Peace is a US non-profit, non-governmental research and educational institution.

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Gabrielle Kirk McDonald

Gabrielle Anne Kirk McDonald (née Kirk; born April 12, 1942) is an American lawyer and jurist who, until her retirement in October 2013, served as an American arbitrator on the Iran – United States Claims Tribunal seated in The Hague.

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Gaza Strip

The Gaza Strip (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p.761 "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory under the control of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza...". قطاع غزة), or simply Gaza, is a self-governing Palestinian territory on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, that borders Egypt on the southwest for and Israel on the east and north along a border.

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Gaza War (2008–09)

The Gaza War, also known as Operation Cast Lead, also known as the Gaza Massacre and the Battle of al-Furqan by Hamas, Secondary source, Abdul-Hameed al-Kayyali, Studies on the Israeli Aggression on Gaza Strip: Cast Lead Operation / Al-Furqan Battle, 2009 was a three-week armed conflict between Palestinians in the Gaza Strip and Israel that began on 27 December 2008 and ended on 18 January 2009 in a unilateral ceasefire.

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Gdeim Izik protest camp

The Gdeim Izik protest camp was a protest camp in Western Sahara, established on 9 October 2010 and lasting into November that year, with related incidents occurring in the aftermath of its dismantlement on 8 November.

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Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights

The Geneva Academy of international Humanitarian Law and Human Rights provides post-graduate education, conducts academic legal research and policy studies, and organizes training courses and expert meetings.

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Geneva Call

Geneva Call is a neutral and impartial non-governmental organization based in Geneva, Switzerland.

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Geneva Conventions

Original document as PDF in single pages, 1864 The Geneva Conventions comprise four treaties, and three additional protocols, that establish the standards of international law for humanitarian treatment in war.

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Genocides in history

Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group.

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German retribution against Poles who helped Jews

German retribution against Poles who helped Jews – repressive measures taken by the German occupation authorities against non-Jewish Polish citizens who helped Jews who were persecuted and exterminated by the Third Reich from 1939 to 1945.

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Gilad Shalit

Gilad Shalit (Shalit.ogg, Gilˁad Šaliṭ, born 28 August 1986) is a former MIA soldier of the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) who on 25 June 2006, was captured by Hamas militants in a cross-border raid via underground tunnels near the Israeli border.

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Global Justice Center

The Global Justice Center (GJC) is an international human rights and humanitarian law organization aiming to advance gender equality by helping to implement and enforce human rights laws.

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Grozny ballistic missile attack

The Grozny ballistic missile attack was a wave of Russian ballistic missile strikes on the Chechen capital Grozny on October 21, 1999, early in the Second Chechen War.

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Gustave Moynier

Gustave Moynier (September 21, 1826 - August 21, 1910) was a Swiss Jurist who was active in many charitable organizations in Geneva.

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Habeas corpus petitions of Guantanamo Bay detainees

The nature of international human rights law has been seemingly altered by Americans since the attacks on New York City and Washington, D.C. on September 11, 2001.

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Halliburton

Halliburton is an American multinational corporation.

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HaMoked

HaMoked (Hebrew:המוקד, Center for the Defence of the Individual) an Israel based human rights organization founded by Dr.

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Harvard Humanitarian Initiative

The Harvard Humanitarian Initiative (HHI) is an interfaculty Harvard University initiative dedicated to advancing research, practice, and policy in the field of humanitarian assistance.

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Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

The Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health (formerly Harvard School of Public Health) is the public health graduate school of Harvard University, located in the Longwood Medical Area of Boston, Massachusetts adjacent Harvard Medical School.

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Hasan Nuhanović

Hasan Nuhanović (Zvornik, 2 April 1968) is a Bosniak survivor of the Srebrenica genocide who campaigns "For truth and justice" on behalf of other survivors and relatives of the victims.

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Helen Durham

Helen Anne Durham (born 1968), an international humanitarian lawyer, is the Director of International Law and Policy at the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

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High Level Military Group

The High Level Military Group (HLMG) is a group of military leaders from NATO and other countries.

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History of Colombia

The history of Colombia includes the settlements and society by indigenous peoples, most notably, the Muisca Confederation, Quimbaya Civilization, and Tairona Chiefdoms; the Spanish arrived in 1499 and initiated a period of conquest and colonization, most noteworthy being Spanish conquest of the Muisca; ultimately creating the Viceroyalty of New Granada, with its capital at Bogotá.

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History of human rights

While belief in the sanctity of human life has ancient precedents in many religions of the world, the idea of modern human rights began during the era of renaissance humanism in the early modern period.

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History of Iraq (2003–2011)

The history of Iraq from 2003 to 2011 is characterized by a large United States military deployment on Iraqi territory, beginning with the U.S.-led invasion of the country in March 2003 which overthrew the Ba'ath Party government of Saddam Hussein and ending with the departure of US troops from the country in 2011 (though the Iraq War that commenced in 2003 continued and subsequently intensified during 2013).

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Hong Kong Red Cross International Humanitarian Law Moot

The Hong Kong Red Cross International Humanitarian Law Moot is an annual international moot court competition organised by the Hong Kong Red Cross and International Committee of the Red Cross in collaboration with universities in Hong Kong.

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House demolition

House demolition is primarily a military tactic which has been used in many conflicts for a variety of purposes.

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Howard Morrison (barrister)

Sir Howard Andrew Clive Morrison (born 20 July 1949), is a British lawyer and, since 2011, a Judge of the International Criminal Court based in The Hague, Netherlands.

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HPCR Manual on International Law Applicable to Air and Missile Warfare

After consulting with scholars and governmental experts, the Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research at Harvard University (HPCR) created in 2003 a multi-annual Project intended to restate the existing international laws applicable to air and missile warfare.

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Human rights

Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.

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Human rights education

The Advocates for Human Rights Organization defined human rights education as the learning process that builds up the required knowledge, values, and proficiency of human rights.

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Human rights in Saddam Hussein's Iraq

Iraq's era under President Saddam Hussein was notorious for its severe violations of human rights.

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Human Rights Watch

Human Rights Watch (HRW) is an international non-governmental organization that conducts research and advocacy on human rights.

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Humanitarian aid

Humanitarian aid is material and logistic assistance to people who need help.

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Humanitarian crisis

A humanitarian crisis (or "humanitarian disaster") is defined as a singular event or a series of events that are threatening in terms of health, safety or well being of a community or large group of people.

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Humanitarian education

Humanitarian education teaches various social topics from a humanitarian perspective.

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Humanitarian Initiative

The Humanitarian Initiative is a group of states that evolved within the framework of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and nuclear weapons diplomacy more widely.

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Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbass

During the ongoing war between Ukrainian government forces and pro-Russian separatist insurgents in the Donbass region of Ukraine that began in April 2014, many international organisations and states noted a deteriorating humanitarian situation in the conflict zone.

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Humanitarianism

Humanitarianism is an active belief in the value of human life, whereby humans practice benevolent treatment and provide assistance to other humans, in order to better humanity for moral, altruistic and logical reasons.

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IHL

IHL may refer to.

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Impact of war on children

The number of children in armed conflict zones are around 250 million.

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Impunity

Impunity means "exemption from punishment or loss or escape from fines".

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Index of international public law articles

List of international public law topics: This is a comprehensive list of pages dealing with public international law, i.e. those areas of law dealing with the United Nations System and the Law of Nations.

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Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict

The Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (IFHV) at Ruhr University Bochum (Germany) is one of the leading research institutes on humanitarian law and humanitarian studies in Europe.

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Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism

Institute for National Security and Counterterrorism (INSCT) is a research institute sponsored by the Maxwell School of Citizenship and Public Affairs and Syracuse University College of Law.

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Internally displaced person

An internally displaced person (IDP) is someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders.

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International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty

The International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (ICISS) was an ad hoc commission of participants which in 2001 worked to popularize the concept of humanitarian intervention under the name of "Responsibility to protect".

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International Committee for Robot Arms Control

The International Committee for Robot Arms Control (ICRAC) is a "not-for-profit association committed to the peaceful use of robotics in the service of humanity and the regulation of robot weapons." It is concerned about the dangers that autonomous military robots, or lethal autonomous weapons, pose to peace and international security and to civilians in war.

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International Committee of the Red Cross

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) is a humanitarian institution based in Geneva, Switzerland, and a three-time Nobel Prize Laureate.

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International Court of Justice advisory opinion on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons

Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons is a landmark international law case, where the International Court of Justice gave an advisory opinion stating that there is no source of law, customary or treaty, that explicitly prohibits the possession or even use of nuclear weapons.

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International Criminal Court

The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt) is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague in the Netherlands.

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International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia

The International Tribunal for the Prosecution of Persons Responsible for Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law Committed in the Territory of the Former Yugoslavia since 1991, more commonly referred to as the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), was a body of the United Nations established to prosecute serious crimes committed during the Yugoslav Wars, and to try their perpetrators.

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International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Rwanda Genocide

April 7, 2004 was recognized as an international observance the International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Rwandan genocide by the United Nations.

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International Day of the Disappeared

The International Day of the Disappeared, on August 30 of each year, is a day created to draw attention to the fate of individuals imprisoned at places and under poor conditions unknown to their relatives and/or legal representatives.

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International disaster response laws

The growing number of disasters and their humanitarian impacts has prompted the need for a framework that addresses the responsibilities of states and humanitarian agencies in disaster settings.

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International framework of sexual violence

Sexual violence includes, but is not limited to rape.

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International human rights law

International human rights law (IHRL) is the body of international law designed to promote human rights on social, regional, and domestic levels.

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International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission

The International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission (IHFFC) is an international body that is available to perform investigations of possible breaches of international humanitarian law.

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International incidents during the 2006 Lebanon War

During the 2006 Lebanon War, a number of international incidents occurred in Lebanon, largely involving United Nations personnel in Lebanon, who have come under a number of attacks.

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International Institute of Humanitarian Law

The International Institute of Humanitarian Law (IIHL) is an independent, non-profit humanitarian organisation founded in 1970.

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International law

International law is the set of rules generally regarded and accepted as binding in relations between states and between nations.

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International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict

The International law bearing on issues of Arab–Israeli conflict, which became a major arena of regional and international tension since the birth of Israel in 1948, resulting in several disputes between a number of Arab countries and Israel.

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International law and the Gaza War

Accusations of violations regarding international humanitarian law, which governs the actions by belligerents during an armed conflict, have been directed at both Israel and Hamas for their actions during the Gaza War.

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International Military Tribunal for the Far East

The International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE), also known as the Tokyo Trial or the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal, was a military trial convened on April 29, 1946, to try the leaders of the Empire of Japan for joint conspiracy to start and wage war (categorized as "Class A" crimes), conventional war crimes ("Class B") and crimes against humanity ("Class C").

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International reaction to the Russo-Georgian War

The international reaction to the Russo-Georgian War covered many nations, non-governmental organisations and non-state actors.

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International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement

The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 17 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human suffering.

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International Review of the Red Cross

The International Review of the Red Cross is a quarterly peer-reviewed public health journal published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the International Committee of the Red Cross.

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International Society for Military Law and the Law of War

The legal entity International Society for Military Law and the Law of War or Société Internationale de Droit Militaire et de Droit de la Guerre is an International Non-profit-making Association (AISBL) under Belgian law.

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Iraq prison abuse scandals

About six months after the invasion of Iraq rumors of Iraq prison abuse scandals started to emerge.

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Irregular military

Irregular military is any non-standard military component that is distinct from a country's national armed forces.

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Irwandi Yusuf

DR.

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Israeli settlement

Israeli settlements are civilian communities inhabited by Israeli citizens, almost exclusively of Jewish ethnicity, built predominantly on lands within the Palestinian territories, which Israel has militarily occupied since the 1967 Six-Day War, and partly on lands considered Syrian territory also militarily occupied by Israel since the 1967 war.

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Israeli-occupied territories

The Israeli-occupied territories are the territories occupied by Israel during the Six-Day War of 1967.

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Istituto Superiore Internazionale di Scienze Criminali

The Istituto Superiore Internazionale di Scienze Criminali (ISISC) (in English, International Institute of Higher Studies in Criminal Sciences) is a not-for-profit organisation located in Syracuse, Italy, that was established in 1972.

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Italian Red Cross

The Italian Red Cross (IRC, Croce Rossa Italiana or CRI) is the Italian national Red Cross society that has its origin in the Comitato dell'Associazione Italiana per il soccorso ai feriti ed ai malati in guerra in Milan on June 15, 1864.

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Janet Benshoof

Janet Benshoof (May 10, 1947 – December 18, 2017) was an American human rights lawyer and President and Founder of the Global Justice Center.

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Japanese war crimes

War crimes of the Empire of Japan occurred in many Asia-Pacific countries during the period of Japanese imperialism, primarily during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II.

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Jean Pictet

Jean Simon Pictet (born 2 September 1914, dec. 30 March 2002) was a Swiss citizen, jurist, legal practitioner and honorary doctorate with a profound knowledge of international humanitarian law.

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John Clint Williamson

John Clint Williamson is a U.S. diplomat and prosecutor who has served in a variety of senior-level roles with the United States Government, the United Nations, and the European Union.

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Johnny Paul Koroma

Major Johnny Paul Koroma (born 9 May 1960; declared dead 1 June 2003) was the head of state of Sierra Leone from May 1997 to February 1998.

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Journal of International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict

The Journal of International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict (German: Humanitäres Völkerrecht - Informationsschriften) is an academic journal of international law published quarterly by the Secretary General of the German Red Cross and the Institute for International Law of Peace and Armed Conflict.

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Justice for Peace at Donbas

Coalition "Justice for Peace in Donbas" (Справедливість заради миру на Донбасі) is an informal alliance of 17 Ukrainian human rights organisations and initiatives.

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Kamuna refugee camp massacre

The Kamuna refugee camp massacre, also known as al-Kamouna refugee camp massacre or the Sarmada camp air strike, occurred on 5 May 2016, during the Syrian civil war.

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Karen Parker (lawyer)

Karen Parker (born August 12, 1949) is an attorney based in San Francisco specializing in human rights and humanitarian law.

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Ken Watkin

Brigadier General Kenneth "Ken" Watkin, (born 1954) is a Canadian lawyer, soldier and jurist.

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Khalida Jarrar

Khalida Jarrar (خالدة جرار.) is a Palestinian feminist and human rights activist.

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Khan al-Asal

Khan al-Asal (خان العسل, also spelled Khan al-Assal) is a district of Aleppo city in northern Syria.

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Khmer Rouge Tribunal

The Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC; Chambres extraordinaires au sein des tribunaux cambodgiens (CETC); អង្គជំនុំជម្រះវិសាមញ្ញក្នុjងតុលាការកម្ពុជា), commonly known as the Cambodia Tribunal or Khmer Rouge Tribunal (សាលាក្ដីខ្មែរក្រហម), is a court established to try the most senior responsible members of the Khmer Rouge for alleged violations of international law and serious crimes perpetrated during the Cambodian genocide.

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Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis

The Kizlyar-Pervomayskoye hostage crisis, known in Russia as the terrorist act in Kizlyar (Террористический акт в Кизляре), occurred in January 1996 during the First Chechen War.

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Kunduz hospital airstrike

On 3 October 2015, a United States Air Force AC-130U gunship attacked the Kunduz Trauma Centre operated by Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), or Doctors Without Borders in the city of Kunduz, in the province of the same name in northern Afghanistan.

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Law of war

The law of war is a legal term of art which refers to the aspect of public international law concerning acceptable justifications to engage in war (jus ad bellum) and the limits to acceptable wartime conduct (jus in bello or international humanitarian law).

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Lawfare

Lawfare is a form of asymmetric warfare,Unrestricted Warfare, consisting of using the legal system against an enemy, such as by damaging or delegitimizing them, tying up their time or winning a public relations victory.

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Lebanese Army Naval Academy

The Lebanese Army Naval Academy (مدرسة القوات البحرية Madrasat al-Kouwat al-Bahriya) is part of the Lebanese Navy.

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Legal assessments of the Gaza flotilla raid

Many legal assessments of the Gaza flotilla raid were published subsequent to the event.

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Legal Branch

The Legal Branch (Branche des services légaux) is a personnel branch of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF).

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Legitimacy of the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia

The legitimacy under international law of the 1999 NATO bombing of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has been questioned by various parties.

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Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission

The Lessons Learnt and Reconciliation Commission (LLRC, උගත් පාඩම් හා ප්‍රතිසන්ධාන කොමිෂන් සභාව Ugath Padam Ha Prathisandhana Komishan Sabhava), கற்றுக்கொண்ட பாடங்கள் மற்றும் நல்லிணக்க ஆணைக்குழு) was a commission of inquiry appointed by Sri Lankan President Mahinda Rajapaksa in May 2010 after the 26-year-long civil war in Sri Lanka. The commission was mandated to investigate the facts and circumstances which led to the failure of the ceasefire agreement made operational on 27 February 2002, the lessons that should be learnt from those events and the institutional, administrative and legislative measures which need to be taken in order to prevent any recurrence of such concerns in the future, and to promote further national unity and reconciliation among all communities. After an 18-month inquiry, the commission submitted its report to the President on 15 November 2011. The report was made public on 16 December 2011, after being tabled in the parliament. The commission concluded that the Sri Lankan military didn't deliberately target civilians but the rebel Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) repeatedly violated international humanitarian law. According to the commission the military gave the "highest priority" to protecting civilians whereas the Tamil Tigers had had "no respect for human life". The commission admitted that civilians had been killed by the Sri Lankan military, albeit accidentally, contradicting the government's line that there were zero civilian casualties. The commission did, however, receive some eyewitness evidence alleging abuse by the military which warranted further investigation and, if necessary, the prosecution of perpetrators. The commission acknowledged that hospitals had been shelled, resulting "considerable civilian casualties", but it did not say who was responsible for the shelling. The commission blamed Sinhalese and Tamil politicians for causing the civil war: the Sinhalese politicians failed to offer a solution acceptable to the Tamil people and the Tamil politicians fanned militant separatism. The commission has been heavily criticised by international human rights groups, the UN Panel of Experts and others due its limited mandate, alleged lack of independence and its failure to meet minimum international standards or offer protection to witnesses. These critics believed that the Sri Lankan government was using the commission as a tool to prevent an independent international investigation of alleged abuses. As a consequence of this Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch and the International Crisis Group refused to appear before the commission.

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Lethal autonomous weapon

Lethal autonomous weapons (LAWs) are a type of autonomous military robot that can independently search and engage targets based on programmed constraints and descriptions.

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Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam

The Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (translit, translit, commonly known as the LTTE or the Tamil Tigers) was a Tamil militant organization that was based in northeastern Sri Lanka.

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Libyan Civil War (2011)

The first Libyan Civil War, also referred to as the Libyan Revolution or 17 February Revolution, was an armed conflict in 2011 in the North African country of Libya fought between forces loyal to Colonel Muammar Gaddafi and those seeking to oust his government.

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Liesbeth Zegveld

Liesbeth Zegveld (born 14 January 1970, Ridderkerk) is a Dutch lawyer, legal expert and professor.

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List of Israeli strikes and Palestinian casualties in the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict

This is a list of individual Israel Defense Forces (IDF)/Israeli Air Force (IAF) operations in Operation Protective Edge, which began on 8 July 2014, naming the targets and casualties.

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List of U.S. Air Force acronyms and expressions

This is a list of initials, acronyms, expressions, euphemisms, jargon, military slang, and sayings in common or formerly common use in the United States Air Force.

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List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1001 to 1100

This is a list of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 1001 to 1100 adopted between 30 June 1995 and 27 March 1997.

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List of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 901 to 1000

This is a list of United Nations Security Council Resolutions 901 to 1000 adopted between 4 March 1994 and 23 June 1995.

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List of war crimes

This article lists and summarises the war crimes committed since the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 and the crimes against humanity and crimes against peace that have been committed since these crimes were first defined in the Rome Statute.

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List of Yale Law School alumni

This is a list of notable alumni of Yale Law School, the law school of the American Yale University, located in New Haven, Connecticut.

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Loitering munition

A loitering munition (also known as a suicide drone or kamikaze drone) is a weapon system category in which the munition loiters around the target area for some time, searches for targets, and attacks once a target is located.

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Lyal S. Sunga

Lyal S. Sunga is a well-known specialist on international human rights law, international humanitarian law and international criminal law.

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Martinus Nijhoff Publishers

Martinus Nijhoff Publishers was an independent academic publishing company dating back to the nineteenth century, which is now an imprint of Brill Publishers.

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Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law

The Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public International Law (MPEPIL) is an online encyclopedia dealing with international law.

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Medical neutrality

Medical Neutrality refers to a principle of noninterference with medical services in times of armed conflict and civil unrest: physicians must be allowed to care for the sick and wounded, and soldiers must receive care regardless of their political affiliations; all parties must refrain from attacking and misusing medical facilities, transport, and personnel.

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Michael Tate

Michael Carter Tate AO (born 6 July 1945) is a legal academic and former Australian Labor Party politician who later became an ambassador and then a Catholic priest.

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Military medicine

The term military medicine has a number of potential connotations.

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Military necessity

Military necessity, along with distinction, and proportionality, are three important principles of international humanitarian law governing the legal use of force in an armed conflict.

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Military science

Military science is the study of military processes, institutions, and behavior, along with the study of warfare, and the theory and application of organized coercive force.

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Military use of schools

Military use of schools is a term used to refer to the various activities that national armed forces and non-state armed groups carry out in and around schools, universities, and other education facilities, in support of their military effort.

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Mine action

Mine action is a domain within humanitarian aid and development studies concerned with activities which aim to reduce the social, economic and environmental impact of landmines and the explosive remnants of war (ERW).

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Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Azerbaijan

The Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Azerbaijan is the Azerbaijani government ministry, associated with the Azerbaijani military.

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Moot court

Moot court is an extracurricular activity at many law schools in which participants take part in simulated court or arbitration proceedings, usually involving drafting memorials or memoranda and participating in oral argument.

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Mullivaikkal Hospital bombings

Mullivaikal Hospital was a makeshift hospital located in the Safe Zone in northern Sri Lanka.

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Munir Said Thalib

Munir Said Thalib (8 December 1965 – 7 September 2004) was an Indonesian activists.

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Namibian Military School

The Namibian Military School is a training unit of the Namibian Defence Force.

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National Defence Academy (India)

The National Defence Academy (NDA) is the Joint Services academy of the Indian Armed Forces, where cadets of the three services, the Army, the Navy and the Air Force train together before they go on to respective service academies for further pre-commissioning training.

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National Law University, Jodhpur

National Law University, Jodhpur (NLUJ) is an institution of national prominence established under the National Law University, Jodhpur, Act, 1999 enacted by the Rajasthan State Legislature.

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National Liberation Army (Colombia)

The National Liberation Army (Spanish: Ejército de Liberación Nacional, ELN) is an armed group involved in the continuing Colombian armed conflict, Official Journal of the European Union.

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National Security Law of the United States

National Security Law is a field of study that deals with the balance between liberty and security in American society.

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Natural disaster

A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth; examples include floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes.

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Neri Colmenares

Neri Javier Colmenares is a human rights lawyer and activist.

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Neutral country

A neutral country is a state, which is either neutral towards belligerents in a specific war, or holds itself as permanently neutral in all future conflicts (including avoiding entering into military alliances such as NATO).

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New Zealand Red Cross

New Zealand Red Cross or Ripeka Whero Aotearoa is a humanitarian organisation, which has more than 15,000 members and volunteers.

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NIAC

NIAC may refer to.

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Nicaragua v. United States

The Republic of Nicaragua v. The United States of America (1986) is a public international law case decided by the International Court of Justice (ICJ).

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NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps, known informally as the NOAA Corps, is one of seven federal uniformed services of the United States, and operates under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a scientific agency overseen by the Department of Commerce.

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Non-combatant

Non-combatant is a term of art in the law of war and international humanitarian law, describing civilians who are not taking a direct part in hostilities; persons—such as combat medics and military chaplains—who are members of the belligerent armed forces but are protected because of their specific duties (as currently described in Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions, adopted in June 1977); combatants who are placed hors de combat; and neutral nationals (including military personnel) who are not fighting for one of the belligerents involved in an armed conflict.

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Nonviolence International South East Asia

Nonviolence International Southeast Asia (NISEA) is a part of Nonviolence International and was established in Bangkok in 1992 with the cooperation of regional partners with the aim of creating a community of peace activists.

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Nuaman

Nuaman (النعمان, meaning "Grace"), also written al-Numan/an-Nu'man, is a small village located just north of Beit Sahour in the Palestinian Governorate of Bethlehem.

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Nuclear weapons and the United Kingdom

In October 1952, the United Kingdom (UK) became the third country to independently develop and test nuclear weapons.

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Nuremberg Charter

The Charter of the International Military Tribunal – Annex to the Agreement for the prosecution and punishment of the major war criminals of the European Axis (usually referred to as the Nuremberg Charter or London Charter) was the decree issued by the European Advisory Commission on 8 August 1945 that set down the rules and procedures by which the Nuremberg trials were to be conducted.

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Oberarzt (military)

Oberarzt (short: OArzt or OA), literally meaning "senior physician," in English known as first lieutenant (Dr.), was a military commissioned officer rank in the Austro-Hungarian Common Army until 1918, and in the German Reichswehr and Wehrmacht until 1945.

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Om Prakash (general)

Lt.

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Operation Pillar of Defense

Operation Pillar of Defense (עַמּוּד עָנָן, ʿAmúd ʿAnán, literally: "Pillar of Cloud") was an eight-day Israel Defense Forces (IDF) operation in the Hamas-governed Gaza Strip, which began on 14 November 2012 with the killing of Ahmed Jabari, chief of the Gaza military wing of Hamas by an Israeli airstrike.

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Osgoode Hall Law School

Osgoode Hall Law School, commonly shortened to Osgoode, is the law school of York University in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Palestinian political violence

Palestinian political violence refers to acts of violence or terror motivated by Palestinian nationalism.

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Peace Palace Library

The Peace Palace Library is a collection of studies and references specializing in international law.

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Perfidy

In the context of war, perfidy is a form of deception in which one side promises to act in good faith (such as by raising a flag of truce) with the intention of breaking that promise once the unsuspecting enemy is exposed (such as by coming out of cover to attack the enemy coming to take the "surrendering" prisoners into custody).

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Philippe Kirsch

Philippe Kirsch, (born April 1, 1947) is a Canadian lawyer who served as a judge of the International Criminal Court from 2003 to 2009 and was the Court's first president.

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Philippine–American War

The Philippine–American War (also referred to as the Filipino-American War, the Philippine War, the Philippine Insurrection, the Tagalog Insurgency; Filipino: Digmaang Pilipino-Amerikano; Spanish: Guerra Filipino-Estadounidense) was an armed conflict between the First Philippine Republic and the United States that lasted from February 4, 1899, to July 2, 1902.

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Pippa Scott

Pippa Scott (born November 10, 1935) is an American actress who has appeared in film and television since the 1950s.

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Place of worship

A place of worship is a specially designed structure or consecrated space where individuals or a group of people such as a congregation come to perform acts of devotion, veneration, or religious study.

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Prisoner of war

A prisoner of war (POW) is a person, whether combatant or non-combatant, who is held in custody by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict.

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Proportionality (law)

Proportionality is a general principle in law which covers several special (although related) concepts.

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Protected persons

Protected persons is a legal term under international humanitarian law and refers to persons who are under specific protection of the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols during an armed conflict.

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Protection International

Protection International (PI) is an international non-profit organisation dedicated to the protection of human rights defenders (HRDs).

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Protective sign

Protective signs are symbols to be used during an armed conflict to mark persons and objects under the protection of various treaties of international humanitarian law (IHL).

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Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare

Psychological Operations in Guerrilla Warfare (Operaciones sicológicas en guerra de guerrillas) was a manual written by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for the Nicaraguan Contras, who were involved in a civil war with the Nicaraguan government.

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Public Committee Against Torture in Israel

The Public Committee Against Torture in Israel (PCATI; Hebrew: הוועד הציבורי נגד עינויים בישראל) is an Israeli human rights organisation specifically dedicated to combating torture, and cruel, inhumane and degrading treatment and punishment (CIDT).

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RAF Bomber Command

RAF Bomber Command controlled the RAF's bomber forces from 1936 to 1968.

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Raid on Yakla

The Raid on Yakla, or simply 2017 Yemen raid, was a United States-led Special Operations Forces operation carried out on January 29, 2017 in al-Ghayil, a village in the Yakla area of the Al Bayda province in central Yemen, during the Second Yemeni Civil War.

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Raoul Wallenberg Institute of Human Rights and Humanitarian Law

The is an experienced research and academic institution with offices, programmes, and convening power covering 40 countries.

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Reactions to Operation Pillar of Defense

There were many reactions to Operation Pillar of Defense.

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Reactions to the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict

Reactions to the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict came from around the world.

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Red Cross service

The Red Cross service (Rotkreuzdienst, RKD) is since 1903 a department of the Swiss Red Cross.

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Red Cross Society of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Red Cross Society of Bosnia and Herzegovina is a branch of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.

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Refugee law

Refugee law is the branch of international law which deals with the rights and protection of refugees.

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Reparations (transitional justice)

Reparations are broadly understood as compensation given for an abuse or injury.

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Report of the Commission of Inquiry on Human Rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea

The Report of the commission of inquiry on human rights in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea is the landmark document resulting from the investigations on human rights in North Korea commissioned by the United Nations Human Rights Council in 2013 and concluded in 2014.

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Report of the Secretary-General's Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka

The Report of the Secretary-General's Panel of Experts on Accountability in Sri Lanka was a 2011 report produced by a panel of experts appointed by United Nations Secretary-General (UNSG) Ban Ki-moon to advise him on the issue of accountability with regard to any alleged violations of international human rights and humanitarian law during the final stages of the Sri Lankan Civil War.

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Research Society of International Law

The Research Society of International Law (RSIL) was founded by Mr.

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Restoring Family Links

Restoring Family Links (RFL) is a program of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, more specifically the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies involving activities that aim to prevent separation and disappearance, look for missing persons, restore and maintain contact between family members and clarify the fate of persons reported missing.

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Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia

The Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—People's Army (Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia—Ejército del Pueblo, FARC–EP and FARC) was a guerrilla movement involved in the continuing Colombian armed conflict from 1964 to 2017.

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Right to food

The right to food, and its non variations, is a human right protecting the right for people to feed themselves in dignity, implying that sufficient food is available, that people have the means to access it, and that it adequately meets the individual's dietary needs.

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Roerich Pact

The Treaty on the Protection of Artistic and Scientific Institutions and Historic Monuments or Roerich Pact is an inter-American treaty.

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Royal Military College of Canada

The Royal Military College of Canada (Collège militaire royal du Canada), commonly abbreviated as RMCC or RMC, is the military college of the Canadian Armed Forces, and is a degree-granting university training military officers.

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Rule according to higher law

The rule according to a higher law means that no law may be enforced by the government unless it conforms with certain universal principles (written or unwritten) of fairness, morality, and justice.

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Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project

The Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project (RULAC Project) is an initiative of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights to support the application and implementation of the international law of armed conflict.

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Rules of engagement

Rules of engagement (ROE) are the internal rules or directives among military forces (including individuals) that define the circumstances, conditions, degree, and manner in which the use of force, or actions which might be construed as provocative, may be applied.

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Ruth Wedgwood

Ruth Wedgwood is an American lawyer and university professor who holds the Edward B. Burling Chair in International Law and Diplomacy at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, in Washington, D.C.

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Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.

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Sarah Cleveland

Sarah H. Cleveland is an American law professor and noted expert in international law and the constitutional law of U.S. foreign relations, with particular interests in the status of international law in U.S. domestic law, international and comparative human rights law, international humanitarian law, and national security.

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Schmitt Analysis

Schmitt analysis is a legal framework developed in 1999 by Michael N. Schmitt, leading author of the Tallinn Manual, for deciding if a state's involvement in a cyber-attack constitutes a use of force.

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Scott Horton (attorney)

Scott Horton is an American attorney known for his work in human rights law and the law of armed conflict, as well as emerging markets and international law.

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Scott Silliman

Scott L. Silliman is a Professor of the Practice of Law at Duke Law School, and Executive Director of Duke Law School's Center on Law, Ethics and National Security.

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Second Chechen War

Second Chechen War (Втора́я чече́нская война́), also known as the Second Chechen Сampaign (Втора́я чече́нская кампа́ния), was an armed conflict on the territory of Chechnya and the border regions of the North Caucasus between the Russian Federation and the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, also with militants of various Islamist groups, fought from August 1999 to April 2009.

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Second Chechen War crimes and terrorism

The article details notable human rights violations committed by the warring sides during the second war in Chechnya.

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Sexual violence

Sexual violence is any sexual act or attempt to obtain a sexual act by violence or coercion, acts to traffic a person or acts directed against a person's sexuality, regardless of the relationship to the victim.

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Siege of Srebrenica

The Siege of Srebrenica (Opsada Srebrenice, Опсада Сребреницe) was a three-year siege of the town of Srebrenica in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina which lasted from April 1993 to July 1995 during the Bosnian War.

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Simón Trinidad

Simón Trinidad (born July 30, 1950) is the alias of Juvenal Ovidio Ricardo Palmera Pineda, a high-ranking member of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), and reputedly the first high-ranking member of that guerrilla group to be captured.

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Slavery in 21st-century Islamism

Quasi-state-level Islamist groups, including Boko Haram and the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, have captured and enslaved women and children, often for sexual slavery.

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Slovak Red Cross Museum

The Slovak Red Cross Museum (Slovakian: Múzeum Slovenského Červeného kríža) or simply SCK Museum is a specialized museum of the Slovak Red Cross with a nationwide scope.

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Small Five Group

The Small Five Group or S-5 is a group of five small member states of the United Nations that works to improve the working methods of the Security Council.

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Sovereign immunity

Sovereign immunity, or crown immunity, is a legal doctrine by which the sovereign or state cannot commit a legal wrong and is immune from civil suit or criminal prosecution.

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Special Court for Sierra Leone

The Special Court for Sierra Leone, or the "Special Court" (SCSL), also called the Sierra Leone Tribunal, was a judicial body set up by the government of Sierra Leone and the United Nations to "prosecute persons who bear the greatest responsibility for serious violations of international humanitarian law and Sierra Leonean law" committed in Sierra Leone after 30 November 1996 and during the Sierra Leone Civil War.

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Speeches given at the United Nations regarding the Gaza Conflict (2014)

From July 8, 2014 till August 26 another conflict between Israel and Gaza escalated and led to the outbreak of a war between Israel and Gaza.

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Sri Lanka Armed Forces

The Sri Lanka Armed Forces is the overall unified military of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka encompassing the Sri Lanka Army, the Sri Lanka Navy,and the Sri Lanka Air Force; they are governed by the Ministry of Defence (MoD).

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Sri Lanka Army

The Sri Lankan Army (Śrī Laṃkā yuddha hamudāva; Ilankai iraṇuvam) is the oldest and largest of the Sri Lanka Armed Forces and is the nation's army.

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Sri Lanka's Killing Fields: War Crimes Unpunished

Sri Lanka's Killing Fields: War Crimes Unpunished was an investigatory documentary about the final weeks of the Sri Lankan Civil War broadcast by the British TV station Channel 4 on 14 March 2012.

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Sri Lankan Civil War

The Sri Lankan Civil War was an armed conflict fought on the island of Sri Lanka.

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Stabsarzt

Stabsarzt (short: StArzt or SA), literally meaning "staff physician," is a military commissioned officer rank in German speaking armed forces.

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State of emergency

A state of emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to perform actions that it would normally not be permitted.

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State Peace and Development Council

The State Peace and Development Council (နိုင်ငံတော် အေးချမ်းသာယာရေး နှင့် ဖွံ့ဖြိုးရေး ကောင်စီ; abbreviated to SPDC or) was the official name of the military government of Burma, which seized power under the rule of Saw Maung in 1988.

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State terrorism

State terrorism refers to acts of terrorism conducted by a state against foreign targets or against its own people.

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Stavros Lambrinidis

Stavros Lambrinidis (Σταύρος Λαμπρινίδης; born 6 February 1962) is a Greek lawyer and politician who has been the European Union's Special Representative for Human Rights since July 2012.

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Stephen M. Schwebel

Stephen Myron Schwebel (born March 10, 1929), is an American jurist, counsel and independent arbitrator.

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Strategic and Defence Studies Centre

The Strategic and Defence Studies Centre (SDSC) is a university-based institute that is situated in the Coral Bell School of Asia Pacific Affairs at the Australian National University.

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Strategic bombing

Strategic bombing is a military strategy used in a total war with the goal of defeating the enemy by destroying its morale or its economic ability to produce and transport materiel to the theatres of military operations, or both.

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Strategic bombing during World War II

Strategic bombing during World War II was the sustained aerial attack on railways, harbours, cities, workers' housing, and industrial districts in enemy territory during World War II.

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Tallinn Manual

The Tallinn Manual (originally entitled, Tallinn Manual on the International Law Applicable to Cyber Warfare) is an academic, non-binding study on how international law (in particular the jus ad bellum and international humanitarian law) applies to cyber conflicts and cyber warfare.

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Targeted killing

Targeted killing is defined as a form of assassination based on the presumption of criminal guilt.

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Terrorism

Terrorism is, in the broadest sense, the use of intentionally indiscriminate violence as a means to create terror among masses of people; or fear to achieve a financial, political, religious or ideological aim.

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The Yale Journal of International Law

The Yale Journal of International Law is a student-edited international law review at the Yale Law School (New Haven, Connecticut).

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Tokyo Charter

The International Military Tribunal for the Far East Charter (IMTFE Charter), also known as the Tokyo Charter, was the decree issued by General Douglas MacArthur, Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Allied-occupied Japan, on 19 January 1946 that set down the laws and procedures by which the Tokyo Trials were to be conducted.

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Torture and the United States

Torture and the United States includes documented and alleged cases of torture both inside and outside the United States by members of the U.S. government, the U.S. military, U.S. law enforcement agencies, U.S. intelligence agencies, U.S. health care services, and other U.S. public organizations.

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Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons

The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, or the Nuclear Weapon Ban Treaty, is the first legally binding international agreement to comprehensively prohibit nuclear weapons, with the goal of leading towards their total elimination.

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Uganda Junior Staff College

The Uganda Junior Staff College, is a staff college in Uganda.

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Uniformed services of the United States

The United States of America has seven federal uniformed services that commission officers as defined by Title 10 and subsequently structured and organized by Title 10, Title 14, Title 32 and Title 42 of the United States Code.

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United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law

The United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law is a free online international law research and training tool.

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United Nations Charter

The Charter of the United Nations (also known as the UN Charter) of 1945 is the foundational treaty of the United Nations, an intergovernmental organization.

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United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict

The United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict was a team established in August 2014 by the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) during the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict as an independent international fact-finding mission to investigate alleged violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law in the Palestinian territories, particularly the Gaza Strip, in connection with the conflict.

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United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict

The United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict, also known as the Goldstone Report, was a team established in April 2009 pursuant to Resolution A/HRC/RES/S-9/1 of the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) of 12 January 2009, following the Gaza War as an independent international fact-finding mission "to investigate all violations of international human rights law and international humanitarian law by the occupying Power, Israel, against the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, particularly in the occupied Gaza Strip, due to the current aggression".

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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/285

United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/285 (The situation in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan). By adopting this Resolution, the general Assembly expressed its serious concerns for the environmental damage in the occupied territories of Azerbaijan, and called the organizations and programmes of the United Nations system, in particular, the United Nations Environment Programme to provide all necessary assistance for the rehabilitation of the long-term impact of the environmental degradation of the region.

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United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights

The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) is an instrument consisting of 31 principles implementing the United Nations ‘Protect, Respect and Remedy’ framework on this issue of human rights and transnational corporations and other business enterprises.

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United Nations Millennium Declaration

On 8 September 2000, following a three-day Millennium Summit of world leaders at the headquarters of the United Nations, the General Assembly adopted the Millennium Declaration (Resolution 55/2).

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United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone

The United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL) was a United Nations peacekeeping operation in Sierra Leone from 1998 to 1999 that was established with the passage of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1181.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1001

United Nations Security Council resolution 1001, adopted unanimously on 30 June 1995, after reaffirming resolutions 813 (1993), 856 (1993), 866 (1993), 911 (1994), 950 (1994) and 972 (1995), and 985 (1995) on Liberia, the Council discussed the implementation of peace agreements in the country and extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) until 15 September 1995.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1009

United Nations Security Council resolution 1009, adopted unanimously on 10 August 1995, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in the former Yugoslavia including resolutions 981 (1995), 990 (1995) and 994 (1995), the Council demanded that the Government of Croatia strictly observe Security Council resolutions after an offensive by the Croatian Army began on 4 August 1995.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1010

United Nations Security Council resolution 1010, adopted unanimously on 10 August 1995, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in the former Yugoslavia and reaffirming Resolution 1004 (1995), the Council demanded that the Bosnian Serbs release all detained persons and permit access to them by international humanitarian organisations.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1012

United Nations Security Council resolution 1012, adopted unanimously on 28 August 1995, after considering the situation in Burundi, the Council established an international inquiry over the assassination of President Melchior Ndadaye during a military coup in October 1993.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1014

United Nations Security Council resolution 1014, adopted unanimously on 15 September 1995, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in Liberia, particularly 1001 (1995), the Council discussed various aspects of the civil war and extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) until 31 January 1996.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1019

United Nations Security Council resolution 1019, adopted unanimously on 9 November 1995, after recalling resolutions 1004 (1995) and 1010 (1995) on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and 1009 (1995) concerning Croatia, the Council discussed violations of international humanitarian law in the former Yugoslavia.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1020

United Nations Security Council resolution 1020, adopted unanimously on 10 November 1995, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in Liberia, particularly 1001 (1995), the Council discussed the implementation of the peace process during the First Liberian Civil War and adjusted the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) to include other functions.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1034

United Nations Security Council resolution 1034, adopted unanimously on 21 December 1995, after recalling previous resolutions including Resolution 1019 (1995), the Council discussed violations of international humanitarian law in the former Yugoslavia, specifically in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1052

United Nations Security Council resolution 1052, adopted unanimously on 18 April 1996, after recalling previous resolutions on Israel and Lebanon, including 425 (1978), the Council called for an immediate ceasefire during the Operation Grapes of Wrath.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1076

United Nations Security Council resolution 1076, adopted unanimously on 22 October 1996, after considering the situation in Afghanistan, resolutions by the General Assembly and the Joint Declaration made on 4 October 1996 by the leaders of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan on developments in the country, the Council discussed the deteriorating political, military and humanitarian situation in Afghanistan.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1097

United Nations Security Council resolution 1097, adopted unanimously on 18 February 1997, after expressing concern over the situation in the African Great Lakes region and for the safety of refugees and displaced persons, the Council endorsed a five-point peace plan to address the situation in eastern Zaire.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1165

United Nations Security Council resolution 1165, adopted unanimously on 30 April 1998, after recalling Resolution 955 (1994), the Council established a third trial chamber at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1166

United Nations Security Council resolution 1166, adopted unanimously on 13 May 1998, after recalling Resolution 827 (1993), the Council established a third trial chamber at the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1170

United Nations Security Council resolution 1170, adopted unanimously on 27 May 1998, after considering the situation across the African continent, the Council decided to establish an ad hoc Working Group to review the Secretary-General Kofi Annan's recommendations concerning the maintenance of international peace and security in Africa.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1181

United Nations Security Council resolution 1181, adopted unanimously on 13 July 1998, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Sierra Leone, the Council established the United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL) to monitor the military and security situation in the country for an initial period of six months until 13 January 1999.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1193

United Nations Security Council resolution 1193, adopted unanimously on 28 August 1998, after recalling Resolution 1076 (1996) concerning Afghanistan, the Council discussed the deteriorating political, military and humanitarian situation in Afghanistan during the ongoing civil war in the country.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1199

United Nations Security Council resolution 1199, adopted on 23 September 1998, after recalling Resolution 1160 (1998), the Council demanded that the Albanian and Yugoslav parties in Kosovo end hostilities and observe a ceasefire.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1208

United Nations Security Council resolution 1208, adopted unanimously on 19 November 1998, after recalling Resolution 1170 (1998) on Africa, the Council discussed the treatment and status of refugees on the continent.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1213

United Nations Security Council resolution 1213, adopted unanimously on 3 December 1998, after reaffirming Resolution 696 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on Angola, including resolutions 846 (1993), 1127 (1997) and 1173 (1998), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Angola (MONUA) for a final time until 26 February 1999.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1216

United Nations Security Council resolution 1216 was adopted unanimously on 21 December 1998.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1227

United Nations Security Council resolution 1227, adopted unanimously on 10 February 1999, after reaffirming resolutions 1177 (1998) and 1226 (1999) on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, the Council demanded an immediate cessation of hostilities between the two countries.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1231

United Nations Security Council resolution 1231, adopted unanimously on 11 March 1999, after recalling resolutions 1181 (1998) and 1220 (1999) on the situation in Sierra Leone, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Sierra Leone (UNOMSIL) until 13 June 1999.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1234

United Nations Security Council resolution 1234, adopted unanimously on 9 April 1999, after expressing concern at the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council demanded an immediate halt to hostilities in the region, a withdrawal of foreign forces and the re-establishment of the government's authority.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1239

United Nations Security Council resolution 1239, adopted on 14 May 1999, after recalling resolutions 1160 (1998), 1199 (1998) and 1203 (1998), the Council called for access for the United Nations and other humanitarian personnel operating in Kosovo to other parts of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1264

United Nations Security Council resolution 1264, adopted unanimously on 15 September 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on East Timor (Timor-Leste), the Council authorised the establishment of the multinational International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) to restore peace and security in the territory, facilitate humanitarian assistance and protect the United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1265

United Nations Security Council resolution 1265, adopted unanimously on 17 September 1999, in the first resolution to address the topic, the Council discussed the protection of civilians during armed conflict.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1269

United Nations Security Council resolution 1269, adopted unanimously on 19 October 1999, after expressing concern at the increasing number of acts of international terrorism, the Council condemned terrorist attacks and called upon states to fully implement anti-terrorist conventions.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1272

United Nations Security Council resolution 1272 was adopted unanimously on 25 October 1999, after recalling previous resolutions on East Timor (Timor Leste), particularly resolutions 384 (1975), 389 (1976), 1236 (1999), 1246 (1999), 1262 (1999) and 1264 (1999).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1279

United Nations Security Council resolution 1279, adopted unanimously on 30 November 1999, after recalling resolutions 1234 (1999), 1258 (1999) and 1273 (1999) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council established the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) for an initial period until 1 March 2000.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1296

United Nations Security Council resolution 1296, adopted unanimously on 19 April 2000, after recalling Resolution 1265 (1999), the Council discussed steps to enhance the protection of civilians during armed conflict.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1297

United Nations Security Council resolution 1297 was adopted unanimously on 12 May 2000, after reaffirming resolutions 1177 (1998), 1226 (1999) and 1227 (1999) on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1304

United Nations Security Council resolution 1304, adopted unanimously on 16 June 2000, after recalling resolutions 1234 (1999), 1258 (1999), 1273 (1999), 1279 (1999), 1291 (1999) and 1296 (2000) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council demanded the immediate withdrawal of Ugandan, Rwandan, Congolese opposition and other armed groups from Kisangani in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1314

United Nations Security Council resolution 1314 was adopted unanimously on 11 August 2000, after recalling Resolution 1261 (1999) on children and armed conflict and other resolutions including 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000) and 1306 (2000).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1315

United Nations Security Council resolution 1315, adopted unanimously on 14 August 2000, after expressing concern at serious crimes committed in Sierra Leone, the Council expressed its intention to establish the Special Court for Sierra Leone to deal with violations of human rights, international law and war crimes in the country.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1319

United Nations Security Council resolution 1319, adopted unanimously on 8 September 2000, after recalling previous resolutions on East Timor (Timor-Leste), the Council demanded that Indonesia take steps to disarm and disband militia on the island following the killing of three United Nations staff.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1320

United Nations Security Council resolution 1320, adopted unanimously on 15 September 2000, after reaffirming resolutions 1298 (1999), 1308 (2000) and 1312 (2000) on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, and 1308 (2000), the Council deployed a military component as part of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) and extended its mandate until 15 March 2001.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (S/RES/1325), on women, peace, and security, was adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on 31 October 2000, after recalling resolutions 1261 (1999), 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), and 1314 (2000).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1329

United Nations Security Council resolution 1329, adopted unanimously on 30 November 2000, after recalling resolutions 827 (1993) and 955 (1994), the Council enlarged the appeals chambers at both the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) and the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY), proposed the election of two additional judges at the ICTR and established a pool of ad litem judges at the ICTY.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1333

United Nations Security Council resolution 1333, adopted on 19 December 2000, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, including Resolution 1267 (1999), called for a ban of military assistance to the Taliban, closure of its camps and an end to the provision of sanctuary of the movement.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1344

United Nations Security Council resolution 1344, adopted unanimously on 15 March 2001, after reaffirming resolutions 1298 (1999), 1308 (2000), 1312 (2000) and 1320 (2000) on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, and 1308 (2000), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) until 15 September 2001.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1345

United Nations Security Council resolution 1345, adopted unanimously on 21 March 2001, after reaffirming resolutions 1160 (1998), 1199 (1998), 1203 (2000), 1239 (1999) and 1244 (1999) on the situation in the former Yugoslavia, the Council condemned exteremist violence and terrorist activities in parts of Macedonia and southern Serbia and called upon Kosovo Albanian leaders to condemn the violence.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1355

United Nations Security Council resolution 1355, adopted unanimously on 15 June 2001, after recalling resolutions 1234 (1999), 1258 (1999), 1265 (1999), 1273 (1999), 1279 (1999), 1291 (2000), 1296 (2000), 1304 (2000), 1323 (2000), 1332 (2000) and 1341 (2001) on situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 15 June 2002 subject to review every four months.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1359

United Nations Security Council resolution 1359, adopted unanimously on 29 June 2001, after recalling all previous resolutions on Western Sahara, in particular Resolution 1108 (1997), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 30 November 2001.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1366

United Nations Security Council resolution 1366, adopted unanimously on 30 August 2001, after reaffirming resolutions 1196 (1998), 1197 (1998), 1208 (1998), 1265 (1999), 1296 (1999), 1318 (2000), 1325 (2000) and 1327 (2000) concerning aspects of armed conflict, the Council reiterated its aim to prevent armed conflict as part of its responsibility to maintain international peace and security.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1369

United Nations Security Council resolution 1369, adopted unanimously on 14 September 2001, after reaffirming resolutions 1298 (1999), 1308 (2000), 1312 (2000), 1320 (2000) and 1344 (2001) on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) until 15 March 2002.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1378

United Nations Security Council resolution 1378, adopted unanimously on 14 November 2001, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, including resolutions 1267 (1999), 1333 (2000) and 1363 (2001), the Council affirmed that the United Nations would play an important role in the country and called for the establishment of a transitional administration leading to the formation of a new government.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1386

United Nations Security Council resolution 1386, adopted unanimously on 20 December 2001, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, particularly resolutions 1378 (2001) and 1383 (2001), the Council authorised the establishment of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) to assist the Afghan Interim Authority in the maintenance of security in Kabul and surrounding areas.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1397

United Nations Security Council resolution 1397 was a resolution adopted on 12 March 2002 by the United Nations Security Council.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1398

United Nations Security Council resolution 1398, adopted unanimously on 15 March 2002, after reaffirming resolutions 1298 (1999), 1308 (2000), 1312 (2000), 1320 (2000), 1344 (2001) and 1369 (2001) on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) until 15 September 2002.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1400

United Nations Security Council resolution 1400, adopted unanimously on 28 March 2002, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Sierra Leone, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Sierra Leone (UNAMSIL) for a further six months until 30 September 2002 in the run up to the May 2002 general elections.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1405

United Nations Security Council resolution 1405, adopted unanimously on 19 April 2002, after recalling resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 1397 (2002), 1402 (2002) and 1403 (2002), the Council emphasised the necessity of humanitarian access to the Palestinian population.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1429

United Nations Security Council resolution 1429, adopted unanimously on 30 July 2002, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Western Sahara, particularly resolutions 1359 (2001) and 1394 (2001), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) for six months until 31 January 2003.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1456

United Nations Security Council resolution 1456, adopted unanimously on 20 January 2003 in a meeting at the foreign minister level, the Council adopted a declaration calling on all states to prevent and suppress all support for terrorism.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1464

United Nations Security Council resolution 1464, adopted unanimously on 4 February 2003, after reaffirming its commitment to the sovereignty, territorial integrity and unity of Côte d'Ivoire, the Council called for the implementation of the peace agreement signed at Linas-Marcoussis to end the civil war in the country.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1466

United Nations Security Council resolution 1466, adopted unanimously on 14 March 2003, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation between Eritrea and Ethiopia, particularly Resolution 1434 (2002), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) until 15 September 2003.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1467

United Nations Security Council resolution 1467, adopted unanimously on 18 March 2003, after expressing concern at the situation in West Africa, the Council adopted a declaration regarding the proliferation of weapons and mercenary activities in West Africa.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1468

United Nations Security Council resolution 1468, adopted unanimously on 20 March 2003, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council welcomed an agreement on the establishment of a transitional government and requested an increased presence of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) in the Ituri region in the east of the country amid escalating violence.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1479

United Nations Security Council resolution 1479, adopted unanimously on 13 May 2003, after reaffirming Resolution 1464 (2003) on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) and resolutions 1460 (2003) and 1467 (2003), the Council established the United Nations Mission in Côte d'Ivoire (MINUCI) after determining the situation in the country to be a threat to international peace and security in the region.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1484

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1484, adopted unanimously on 30 May 2003, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council authorised Operation Artemis in Bunia, the capital of Ituri Province, amid the deteriorating security situation in the area.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1493

United Nations Security Council resolution 1493, adopted unanimously on 28 July 2003, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 30 July 2004 and raised its troop level from 8,700 to 10,800.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1495

United Nations Security Council resolution 1495, adopted unanimously on 31 July 2003, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Western Sahara, particularly Resolution 1429 (2002), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 31 October 2003 and supported the Baker Plan put forth by James Baker III, who was at that time the Special Representative for Western Sahara of the Secretary-General Kofi Annan, as a replacement of the 1991 Settlement Plan.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1502

United Nations Security Council resolution 1502, adopted unanimously on 26 August 2003, after recalling resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000) and 1460 (2003), the Council condemned violence against humanitarian workers and called upon all states to ensure that such incidents did not remain unpunished.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1503

United Nations Security Council resolution 1503, adopted unanimously on 28 August 2003, after recalling resolutions 827 (1993), 955 (1994), 978 (1995), 1165 (1998), 1166 (1998), 1329 (2000), 1411 (2002), 1431 (2002) and 1481 (2003), the Council decided to split the prosecutorial duties of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) which had previously been under the responsibility of one official, Carla Del Ponte, since 1999.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1528

United Nations Security Council resolution 1528, adopted unanimously on 27 February 2004, after recalling resolutions 1464 (2003), 1479 (2003), 1498 (2003), 1514 (2003) and 1527 (2004) on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), the Council established the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) for an initial period of twelve months.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1544

United Nations Security Council resolution 1544, adopted on 19 May 2004, after recalling resolutions 242 (1967), 338 (1973), 446 (1979), 1322 (2000), 1397 (2002), 1402 (2002), 1403 (2002), 1405 (2002), 1435 (2002) and 1515 (2003), the Council called on Israel to cease demolishing Palestinian homes.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1545

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1545, adopted unanimously on 21 May 2004, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in Burundi, particularly Resolution 1375 (2001), the Council established the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) to bring about peace and national reconciliation in the country.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1547

United Nations Security Council resolution 1547, adopted unanimously on 11 June 2004, after welcoming the commitment of the Sudanese government and Sudan People's Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) to work towards a full ceasefire and peace agreement to end the Second Sudanese Civil War, the Council established a United Nations Advance Team in Sudan to prepare for a future United Nations operation following the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1556

United Nations Security Council resolution 1556, adopted unanimously on 30 July 2004, after recalling resolutions 1502 (2003) and 1547 (2004) on the situation in Sudan, the Council demanded that the Sudanese government disarm the Janjaweed militia and bring to justice those who had committed violations of human rights and international humanitarian law in Darfur.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1564

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1564, adopted on 18 September 2004, after recalling resolutions 1502 (2003), 1547 (2004) and 1556 (2004), the Council threatened the imposition of sanctions against Sudan if it failed to comply with its obligations on Darfur, and an international inquiry was established to investigate violations of human rights in the region.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1565

United Nations Security Council resolution 1565, adopted unanimously on 1 October 2004, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 31 March 2005 and authorised an additional deployment of 5,900 troops and police.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1577

United Nations Security Council resolution 1577, adopted unanimously on 1 December 2004, after recalling Resolution 1545 (2004) on the situation in Burundi, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Operation in Burundi (ONUB) for a period of six months until June 1, 2005.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1589

United Nations Security Council resolution 1589, adopted unanimously on 24 March 2005, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, particularly Resolution 1536 (2004), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) for an additional period of twelve months until 24 March 2006.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1590

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1590, adopted unanimously on 24 March 2005, after recalling resolutions 1547 (2004), 1556 (2004), 1564 (2004), 1574 (2004), 1585 (2005) and 1588 (2005) on the situation in Sudan, the Council established the United Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS) for an initial period of six months.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1592

United Nations Security Council resolution 1592, adopted unanimously on 30 March 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including Resolution 1565 (2004), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 1 October 2005.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1598

United Nations Security Council resolution 1598, adopted unanimously on 28 April 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Western Sahara, including resolutions 1495 (2003), 1541 (2004) and 1570 (2004), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 31 October 2005.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1621

United Nations Security Council resolution1621, adopted unanimously on 6 September 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1565 (2004) and 1592 (2005), the Council authorised the temporary increase in the strength of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) to assist with upcoming elections.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1634

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1634, adopted unanimously on 28 October 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in Western Sahara, including resolutions 1495 (2003), 1541 (2004) and 1598 (2005), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO) until 30 April 2006.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1635

United Nations Security Council resolution 1635, adopted unanimously on 28 October 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005), 1596 (2005), 1621 (2005) and 1628 (2005), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until 30 September 2006.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1649

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1649, adopted unanimously on 21 December 2005, after recalling all previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1533 (2004), 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005), 1596 (2005) and 1616 (2005), 1621 (2005) and 1628 (2005), the Council extended and expanded sanctions against the country until 31 July 2006, and demanded that foreign fighters disarm or face sanctions.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1653

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1653, adopted unanimously on January 27, 2006, after recalling previous resolutions concerning the situations in the African Great Lakes region, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Burundi, particularly resolutions 1625 (2005), 1631 (2005), 1649 (2005) and 1650 (2005), the Council addressed the stability of the Great Lakes region in Africa.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1662

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1662, adopted unanimously on March 23, 2006, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, including resolutions 1589 (2005) and 1659 (2006), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) for an additional period of twelve months.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1674

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1674, adopted unanimously on April 28, 2006, after reaffirming resolutions 1265 (1999) and 1296 (2000) concerning the protection of civilians in armed conflict and Resolution 1631 (2005) on co-operation between the United Nations and regional organisations, the Council stressed a comprehensive approach to the prevention of armed conflict and its recurrence.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1706

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1706, adopted on August 31, 2006, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Sudan, including resolutions 1556 (2004), 1564 (2005), 1574 (2004), 1590 (2004), 1591 (2005), 1593 (2004), 1663 (2006), 1665 (2006) and 1679 (2006), the Council expanded the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Sudan (UNMIS) to include deployments in Darfur to enforce the Darfur Peace Agreement.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1711

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1711, adopted unanimously on September 29, 2006, after recalling all previous resolutions concerning the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, including resolutions 1565 (2004), 1592 (2005), 1596 (2005), 1621 (2005), 1628 (2005), 1635 (2005), 1671 (2006) and 1693 (2006), and resolutions 1650 (2005), 1669 (2006), 1692 (2006) on the situation in Burundi and the African Great Lakes region, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until February 15, 2007.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1721

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1721, adopted unanimously on November 1, 2006, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), the Council extended the transitional mandates of President Laurent Gbagbo and Prime Minister Charles Konan Banny for no more than a year.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1727

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1727, adopted unanimously on December 15, 2006, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), the Council renewed an arms and diamond embargo on the country until October 31, 2007.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1736

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1736, adopted unanimously on December 22, 2006, after recalling all previous resolutions concerning the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in Burundi and in the Great Lakes region of Africa, the Council increased the military strength of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) from January 1, 2007 to February 15, 2007.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1738

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1738, adopted unanimously on December 23, 2006, after reaffirming resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1502 (2003) and 1674 (2006) on the protection of civilians in armed conflict, the Council condemned attacks against journalists in conflict situations.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1746

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1746, adopted unanimously on March 23, 2007, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Afghanistan, including resolutions 1659 (2006) and 1662 (2006), the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA) for an additional period of twelve months, until March 23, 2008.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1918

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1918, adopted unanimously on April 27, 2010, after recalling resolutions 1814 (2008), 1816 (2008), 1838 (2008), 1844 (2008), 1846 (2008), 1851 (2008) and 1897 (2008) on Somalia, the Council called on countries to criminalise piracy within their national laws.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1923

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1923 was adopted unanimously on 25 May 2010, after recalling resolutions 1769 (2007), 1778 (2007), 1834 (2008), 1861 (2009), 1913 (2010) and 1922 (2010).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1925

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1925, adopted unanimously on May 28, 2010, after reaffirming previous resolutions on the situation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (MONUC) until June 30, 2010, authorised a withdrawal of 2,000 troops and decided that from July 1, 2010, MONUC would be known as the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) with a mandate until June 30, 2011.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1933

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1933, adopted unanimously on June 30, 2010, after reaffirming resolutions 1893 (2009), 1911 (2010) and 1924 (2010) on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast) and Resolution 1885 (2009) on the situation in Liberia, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) and supporting French forces until December 31, 2010 and expanded UNOCI's mandate with provisions to strengthen its capacity to consolidate stability in the country.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1935

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1935, adopted unanimously on July 30, 2010, after reaffirming all previous resolutions and statements on the situation in Sudan, the Council extended the mandate of the African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) for a further 12 months until July 31, 2011 and demanded an end to fighting and attacks on United Nations personnel and civilians.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1946

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1946, adopted unanimously on October 15, 2010, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), including resolutions 1880 (2009), 1893 (2009), 1911 (2010) and 1933 (2010), the Council extended sanctions against the country, including an arms embargo and ban on the trading of diamonds, for a further six months.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970 was a measure adopted unanimously by the UN Security Council on 26 February 2011.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1972

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1972, adopted unanimously on March 17, 2011, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Somalia, particularly resolutions 733 (1992), 1844 (2008) and 1916 (2010), the Council authorised an ease on its assets freeze relating to humanitarian operations in the country for 16 months.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1975

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1975, adopted unanimously on March 30, 2011, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), including resolutions 1572 (2004), 1893 (2009), 1911 (2010), 1924 (2010), 1933 (2010), 1942 (2010), 1946 (2010), 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011) and 1968 (2011), the Council demanded that Laurent Gbagbo step down as President (allowing internationally recognised President Alassane Ouattara to take power) and imposed sanctions on him and his close associates.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 1980

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1980, adopted unanimously on April 28, 2011, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), including resolutions 1880 (2009), 1893 (2009), 1911 (2010), 1933 (2010), 1946 (2010), 1962 (2010) and 1975 (2011), the Council extended an arms embargo, ban on the trade of diamonds and targeted financial and travel sanctions on Ivorian officials until April 30, 2012.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 2000

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2000, adopted unanimously on July 27, 2011, after recalling previous resolutions on the situation in Côte d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast), including resolutions 1933 (2010), 1942 (2010), 1951 (2010), 1962 (2010), 1967 (2011), 1968 (2011), 1975 (2011), 1980 (2011), 1981 (2011) and 1992 (2011), and Resolution 1938 (2010) on the situation in Liberia, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Operation in Côte d'Ivoire (UNOCI) until July 31, 2012.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 2003

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2003, adopted unanimously on July 29, 2011, after reaffirming all previous resolutions and statements on the situation in Sudan, the Council extended the mandate of the African Union – United Nations Hybrid Operation in Darfur (UNAMID) for a further 12 months until July 31, 2012.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 2006

United Nations Security Council Resolution 2006 was unanimously adopted on 14 September 2011.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 764

United Nations Security Council resolution 764, adopted unanimously on 13 July 1992, after reaffirming previous resolutions on the topic, the Council noted the violations of the agreement concerning Sarajevo International Airport which established a security corridor and demanded withdrawal of anti-aircraft weapon systems, and decided to authorise an additional deployment of United Nations Protection Force personnel.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 771

United Nations Security Council resolution 771, adopted unanimously on 13 August 1992, after reaffirming resolutions 713 (1991), 721 (1991), 724 (1991), 727 (1992), 740 (1992), 743 (1992), 749 (1992), 752 (1992), 757 (1992), 758 (1992), 760 (1992), 761 (1992), 762 (1992), 764 (1992), 769 (1992) and 770 (1992), the Council expressed concern at and condemned widespread violations of international humanitarian law in the territory of the former Yugoslavia and in particular, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 780

United Nations Security Council resolution 780, adopted unanimously on 6 October 1992, after reaffirming Resolution 713 (1991) and subsequent resolutions on the topic, the Council expressed its concern at the continued "widespread violations of international humanitarian law" in Bosnia and Herzegovina and authorised the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to establish a Commission of Experts to examine and analyse the information submitted pursuant to Resolution 771 (1992) on violations of the Geneva Conventions in the region.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 794

United Nations Security Council resolution 794, adopted unanimously on 3 December 1992, after reaffirming resolutions 733 (1992), 746 (1992), 751 (1992), 767 (1992) and 775 (1992), the Council " grave alarm" regarding the situation in Somalia and authorised the creation of the Unified Task Force (UNITAF) to create a "secure environment for humanitarian relief operations in Somalia" in order to provide "essential for the survival of the civilian population".

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 804

United Nations Security Council resolution 804, adopted unanimously on 29 January 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 (1991), 747 (1992), 785 (1992) and 793 (1992), and expressing its concern at lack of implementation of the "Acordos de Paz para Angola" in Angola, the Council approved a recommendation by the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to extend the mandate of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II) for a further three months until 30 April 1993.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 808

United Nations Security Council resolution 808, adopted unanimously on 22 February 1993, after reaffirming Resolution 713 (1991) and subsequent resolutions on the situation in former Yugoslavia, including resolutions 764 (1992), 771 (1992) and 780 (1992), the Council, after stating its determination to put an end to crimes such as ethnic cleansing and other violations of international humanitarian law, decided that an international tribunal should be established for the prosecution of persons responsible for serious violations of international humanitarian law committed in former Yugoslavia since 1991.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 812

United Nations Security Council resolution 812, adopted unanimously on 12 March 1993, after expressing its alarm at the humanitarian situation in Rwanda due to the ongoing civil war, in particular the number of refugees and displaced persons which posed an international threat to peace and security, the Council called upon the Government of Rwanda, the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development, and the Rwandan Patriotic Front to respect a ceasefire that took place on 9 March 1993 and implement other agreements they had committed themselves to.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 814

United Nations Security Council resolution 814, adopted unanimously on 26 March 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 733 (1992), 746 (1992), 751 (1992), 767 (1992), 775 (1992) and 794 (1993) on the ongoing civil war in Somalia, the Council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, authorised an extension of the United Nations Operation in Somalia II (UNOSOM II) until 31 October 1993.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 815

United Nations Security Council resolution 815, adopted unanimously on 30 March 1993, after reaffirming Resolution 743 (1992) and all subsequent relevant resolutions concerning the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) including 802 (1993) and 807 (1993), the Council, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, extended UNPROFOR's mandate for an additional interim period ending 30 June 1993.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 819

United Nations Security Council resolution 819, adopted unanimously on 16 April 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 713 (1991) and all (1992) subsequent resolutions, the Council expressed concern at the actions of Bosnian Serb paramilitary units in towns and villages in eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina, including attacks on civilians, the United Nations Protection Force and disruption to humanitarian aid convoys.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 820

United Nations Security Council resolution 820, adopted on 17 April 1993, after reaffirming all previous resolutions on the topic for a lasting peace settlement in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the region, the Council discussed the peace plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina and comprehensive steps to ensure its implementation.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 822

United Nations Security Council resolution 822, adopted unanimously on 30 April 1993, after expressing concern at the deterioration of relations between the Armenia and Azerbaijan, and the subsequent escalation of armed hostilities and humanitarian situation in the region, the Council demanded the immediate cessation of hostilities and the immediate withdrawal of Armenian occupying forces in the Kalbajar district near Nagorno-Karabakh in Azerbaijan.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 827

United Nations Security Council resolution 827, adopted unanimously on 25 May 1993, after reaffirming Resolution 713 (1991) and all subsequent resolutions on the topic of the former Yugoslavia, approved report S/25704 of Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, with the Statute of the International Tribunal as an annex, establishing the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 834

United Nations Security Council resolution 834, adopted unanimously on 1 June 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 (1991), 747 (1992), 785 (1992), 793 (1992), 804 (1993), 811 (1993) and 823 (1993), the Council indicated its concern at the deteriorating political, military and humanitarian situation in Angola and extended the mandate of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II) for a period of 45 days ending 15 July 1993.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 836

United Nations Security Council resolution 836 was adopted on 4 June 1993.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 844

United Nations Security Council resolution 844, adopted unanimously on 18 June 1993, after reaffirming Resolution 713 (1991) and subsequent resolutions, the Council noted deteriorating situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and authorised a reinforcement of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 846

United Nations Security Council resolution 846, adopted unanimously on 22 June 1993, after reaffirming Resolution 812 (1993) on the situation in Rwanda and noting a report by the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the Council established the United Nations Observer Mission Uganda–Rwanda (UNOMUR) for an initial period of six months.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 851

United Nations Security Council resolution 851, adopted unanimously on 15 July 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 (1991), 747 (1992), 785 (1992), 793 (1992), 804 (1993), 811 (1993), 823 (1993) and 834 (1993), the Council noted the continuing deterioration of the situation in Angola and extended the mandate of the United Nations Angola Verification Mission II (UNAVEM II) until 15 September 1993, discussing further the peace process in the country.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 859

United Nations Security Council resolution 859, adopted unanimously on 24 August 1993, after recalling all resolutions on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Council noted that, despite all previous Security Council resolutions since Resolution 713 (1991), the region was still a scene of hostilities and there was little compliance with previous resolutions, particularly by the Bosnian Serb party.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 864

United Nations Security Council resolution 864, adopted unanimously on 15 September 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 696 (1991), 747 (1992), 785 (1992), 793 (1992), 804 (1993), 811 (1993), 823 (1993), 834 (1993) and 851 (1993), the Council noted the continuing situation in Angola and went on to condemn and place international sanctions on UNITA.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 866

United Nations Security Council resolution 866, adopted unanimously on 22 September 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 813 (1993) and 856 (1993), the Council noted that United Nations involvement would contribute significantly to the effective implementation of the Peace Agreement in Liberia and went on to establish the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 874

United Nations Security Council resolution 874, adopted unanimously on 14 October 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 822 (1993) and 853 (1993), the Council expressed its concern at the continuing conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan in Nagorno-Karabakh, in addition to the inviolability of international borders and the inadmissibility of the use of force for the acquisition of territory, and called upon the parties to observe the ceasefire agreed with by the Government of Russia and OSCE Minsk Group.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 876

United Nations Security Council resolution 876, adopted unanimously on 19 October 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 849 (1993), 854 (1993) and 858 (1993) concerning the Georgian–Abkhazian war, the Council determined that the situation continued to constitute a threat to international peace and security.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 880

United Nations Security Council resolution 880, adopted unanimously on 4 November 1993, after recalling Resolution 745 (1992) and other relevant resolutions on Cambodia, the Council concerned itself with the withdrawal of the United Nations Transitional Authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) from the country.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 881

United Nations Security Council resolution 881, adopted unanimously on 4 November 1993, after reaffirming resolutions 849 (1993), 854 (1993), 858 (1993) and 876 (1993) concerning the Georgian–Abkhazian war, the Council extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) until 31 January 1994.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 900

United Nations Security Council resolution 900, adopted on 4 March 1994, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Council discussed the restoration of essential public services and normal life in and around the capital Sarajevo.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 913

United Nations Security Council resolution 913 was adopted unanimously on 22 April 1994, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and also Resolution 908 (1994).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 918

United Nations Security Council resolution 918, adopted without a vote on 17 May 1994, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Rwanda, particularly resolutions 872 (1993), 909 (1994) and 912 (1994), the Council expressed its alarm and condemnation at the continuing large-scale violence, and went on to impose an arms embargo on the country and authorised an expansion of the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda (UNAMIR).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 933

United Nations Security Council resolution 933, adopted unanimously on 30 June 1994, after recalling resolutions 841 (1993), 861 (1993), 862 (1993), 867 (1993), 873 (1993) and 875 (1993), 905 (1994) and 917 (1994), the Council noted the deteriorating situation in Haiti and extended the mandate of the United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) until 31 July 1994.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 935

United Nations Security Council resolution 935, adopted unanimously on 1 July 1994, after recalling all resolutions on Rwanda, particularly 918 (1994) and 925 (1994), the Council requested the Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali to establish a Commission of Experts to investigate violations of international humanitarian law during the Rwandan Genocide.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 941

United Nations Security Council resolution 941, adopted unanimously on 23 September 1994, after reaffirming all resolutions on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Council discussed violations of international humanitarian law in Banja Luka, Bijeljina and other areas of the country.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 950

United Nations Security Council resolution 950, adopted unanimously on 21 October 1994, after reaffirming resolutions 813 (1993), 856 (1993), 866 (1993) and 911 (1994), the Council noted the deteriorating situation in Liberia and extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) until 13 January 1995.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 955

United Nations Security Council resolution 955, adopted on 8 November 1994, after recalling all resolutions on Rwanda, the Council noted that serious violations of international humanitarian law had taken place in the country and, acting under Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, established the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 972

United Nations Security Council resolution 972, adopted unanimously on 13 January 1995, after reaffirming resolutions 813 (1993), 856 (1993), 866 (1993), 911 (1994) and 950 (1994), the Council discussed the peace process in Liberia and extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) until 13 April 1995.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 978

United Nations Security Council resolution 978, adopted unanimously on 27 February 1995, after recalling all previous resolutions on Rwanda, including 935 (1994) and 955 (1994), the Council instructed Member States on the arrest and detention of persons responsible for acts during the Rwandan Genocide, within the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR).

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 985

United Nations Security Council resolution 985, adopted unanimously on 13 April 1995, after reaffirming resolutions 813 (1993), 856 (1993), 866 (1993), 911 (1994), 950 (1994) and 972 (1995), and 788 (1992) which imposed an arms embargo on Liberia, the Council established a Committee to monitor the implementation of the embargo and extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Liberia (UNOMIL) until 30 June 1995.

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United Nations Security Council Resolution 993

United Nations Security Council resolution 993, adopted unanimously on 12 May 1995, after reaffirming all resolutions on Georgia, particularly 971 (1995), the Council discussed efforts for a political settlement between Georgia and Abkhazia and extended the mandate of the United Nations Observer Mission in Georgia (UNOMIG) until 12 January 1996.

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United Progressive Alliance

The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) is a coalition of centre-left political parties in India formed after the 2004 general election.

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United States and state-sponsored terrorism

The United States has at various times in recent history provided support to terrorist and paramilitary organizations around the world.

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Universal Periodic Review

The Universal Periodic Review (UPR) is a mechanism of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (HRC) that emerged from the 2005 UN reform process.

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University of Belgrade Faculty of Law

The Faculty of Law of the University in Belgrade (Правни факултет Универзитета у Београду / Pravni fakultet Univerziteta u Beogradu), also known as the Belgrade Law School, is one of the first-tier educational institutions of the University of Belgrade, Serbia.

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Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action

The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, also known as VDPA, is a human rights declaration adopted by consensus at the World Conference on Human Rights on 25 June 1993 in Vienna, Austria.

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Visit and Search

Visit and Search is the right of a belligerent warship, under certain conditions, to board a neutral merchant ship in order to verify its true character.

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War and environmental law

War can heavily damage the environment, and warring countries often place operational requirements ahead of environmental concerns for the duration of the war.

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War crime

A war crime is an act that constitutes a serious violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility.

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War crimes of the Wehrmacht

War crimes of the Wehrmacht were those carried out by the German combined armed forces (''Wehrmacht Heer'', Kriegsmarine and Luftwaffe) during World War II.

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War studies

War studies, sometimes called polemology, is the multi-disciplinary study of war.

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Wartime sexual violence

Wartime sexual violence is rape or other forms of sexual violence committed by combatants during armed conflict or war or military occupation often as spoils of war; but sometimes, particularly in ethnic conflict, the phenomenon has broader sociological motives.

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White Helmets (Syrian Civil War)

The White Helmets (al-Ḫawdh al-bayḍāʾ / al-Qubaʿāt al-Bayḍāʾ), officially known as Syria Civil Defence (SCD; الدفاع المدني السوري ad-Difāʿ al-Madanī as-Sūrī), is a volunteer organisation that operates in parts of rebel-controlled Syria and in Turkey.

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Widad Akrawi

Widad Akreyi is a health expert and human rights activist of Kurdish ancestry.

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William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies

William J. Perry Center for Hemispheric Defense Studies is a U.S. Department of Defense institution for defense and security studies in the Western Hemisphere.

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Women's rights

Women's rights are the rights and entitlements claimed for women and girls worldwide, and formed the basis for the women's rights movement in the nineteenth century and feminist movement during the 20th century.

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World Humanitarian Summit

The United Nations World Humanitarian Summit (WHS) was held in Istanbul, Turkey, on May 23 and 24, 2016.

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World Organisation Against Torture

The World Organisation Against Torture (Organisation Mondiale Contre la Torture; OMCT) is the world’s largest coalition of non-governmental organisations fighting against arbitrary detention, torture, summary and extrajudicial executions, forced disappearances and other forms of violence.

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World War II

World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.

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Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)

The Yemeni Civil War is an ongoing conflict that began in 2015 between two factions, each claiming to constitute the Yemeni government, along with their supporters and allies.

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Yoram Dinstein

Yoram Dinstein is a scholar and Professor Emeritus at Tel Aviv University.

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1987 Lieyu massacre

The 1987 Lieyu massacre, also known as the March 7 Incident, Donggang Incident or Donggang Massacre, occurred on 7 March 1987 at Donggang Bay, Lieyu Island ("Lesser Kinmen" or "Little Quemoy"), Kinmen, Fujian, Republic of China.

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1998 Temple of the Tooth attack

1998 Temple of the Tooth attack is an attack on the Temple of the Tooth Relic, located in Kandy, Sri Lanka.

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2005 in Africa

No description.

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2006 Lebanon War

The 2006 Lebanon War, also called the 2006 Israel–Hezbollah War and known in Lebanon as the July War (حرب تموز, Ḥarb Tammūz) and in Israel as the Second Lebanon War (מלחמת לבנון השנייה, Milhemet Levanon HaShniya), was a 34-day military conflict in Lebanon, Northern Israel and the Golan Heights.

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2014 Israel–Gaza conflict

The 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict also known as Operation Protective Edge (מִבְצָע צוּק אֵיתָן, Miv'tza Tzuk Eitan, lit. "Operation Strong Cliff") and sometimes referred to as the 2014 Gaza war, was a military operation launched by Israel on 8 July 2014 in the Hamas-ruled Gaza Strip.

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2015 in aviation

This is a list of aviation-related events from 2015.

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2015 in the United States

Events in the year 2015 in the United States.

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Redirects here:

Hague War Regulations, Humanitarian Law, Humanitarian law, International Humanitarian Law, LOAC, Law of Armed Conflict, Law of armed conflict, Laws of Armed Conflict, Laws of armed conflict.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_humanitarian_law

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