Communication

1112 relations: A 250 Years Old Person, A Brief History of Blasphemy, A New Beginning, Abbas al-Musawi, Abbas Almohri, Abbas Vaez-Tabasi, Abdelkader Belliraj, Abdolkarim Soroush, Abdollah Jassbi, Abdollah Javadi-Amoli, Abdollah Nouri, Abdul Alim Musa, Abdul Kadir Ali Muwaya, Abdul Karim Haghshenas, Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou, Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi, Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili, Abdulali Ali-Asgari, Abdullah al-Ahdal, Abdullah Yusuf Azzam, Abolfazl Fateh, Abolghasem Khazali, Abolghasem Wafi Yazdi, Abolhassan Banisadr, Abortion in Iran, Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani, Abul A'la Maududi, Academic freedom in the Middle East, Achaemenid architecture, Adil Abdul-Mahdi, Aga Syed Mustafa Moosavi, Aga Syed Yusuf Al-Moosavi Al-Safavi, Agha Syed Hamid Ali Shah Moosavi, Ahmad Azari Qomi, Ahmad Fardid, Ahmad Iravani, Ahmad Jannati, Ahmad Kashani, Ahmad Kasravi, Ahmad Khatami, Ahmad Khomeini, Ahmad Khonsari, Ahmad Moftizadeh, Ahmad Shah Qajar, Ahmed al-Assir, Ahmed Al-Waeli, Ahmed Deedat, Ahmed Huber, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, Al Goldstein, ..., Al-Istibsar, Al-Musawi, Al-Nasr (Afghanistan), Alawites, Alevism, Alfaz (principles of Islamic jurisprudence), Ali Akbar Aboutorabi Fard, Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur, Ali Akbar Rashad, Ali Akbar Shiroodi, Ali Akbar Tabatabaei, Ali al-Sistani, Ali Fallahian, Ali Karimi, Ali Khamenei, Ali Khamenei's fatwa against nuclear weapons, Ali Mohammad Dastgheib Shirazi, Ali Qoddusi, Ali Sayad Shirazi, Ali Tajalaei, Alinaghi Khamoushi, Alireza Arafi, Allama Hassan Turabi, Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran, Alliance of the periphery, America can't do a damn thing against us, AmIAnnoying.com, Amir H. Ladan, Amir Hossein Rabii, Amir Khadir, Amir Taheri, Amir-Abbas Hoveyda, Anarchism and Islam, Andrew Goldberg (director), Aniconism, Aniconism in Islam, Annibale Bugnini, Anniversary of Islamic Revolution, Ansar-e Hezbollah, Anti-American sentiment in Iran, Anti-Americanism, Anti-clericalism, Anti-imperialism, Anti-Kurdish sentiment, Anti-nationalism, Apostasy in Islam, April 1964, Arab League–Iran relations, Arab separatism in Khuzestan, Arba'een, Ardeshir Mohasses, Ardeshir Zahedi, Arif Hussain Hussaini, Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Article 19, Asadollah Alam, Asadollah Lajevardi, Asif Mohseni, Asma bint Marwan, Asr-e Evaz, Assassination and terrorism in Iran, Assassination attempt on Ali Khamenei, Assembly of Experts, Assembly of Experts for Constitution, Assembly of the Forces of Imam's Line, Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic, Ata'ollah Ashrafi Esfahani, Atatürkist Thought Association, Ateghe Sediqi, Atena Daemi, Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam, Attorney-General of Iran, Authoritarianism, Avicenna Mausoleum, Ayatollah (disambiguation), Ayatollah (song), Ayatollah Haj Muhammmad-Hassan Jazayeri, Az Karkheh ta Rhein, Azeem Amrohvi, Background and causes of the Iranian Revolution, Bada', Bahar Azadi Coin, Bahman Nirumand, Bahrain–Iran relations, Bahram Aryana, Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni, Baqer Moin, Barabanki district, Barry Lando, Basij, Batman: A Death in the Family, Battle of Khorramshahr, Be Like Others, Behesht-e Zahra, Beliefs and ideology of Osama bin Laden, Beppe Devalle, Bernard L. 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Maraji, List of elections and referendums in Iran, List of eponyms of airports, List of fatwas, List of fictional United States presidencies of historical figures (E–G), List of fictional United States presidencies of historical figures (P–R), List of films banned in the United Kingdom, List of heads of state and government who died in office, List of heads of state of Iran, List of incidents of political violence in Washington, D.C., List of Iranian commanders in the Iran–Iraq War, List of Iranians, List of Islamic jurists, List of largest funerals, List of largest peaceful gatherings, List of marauding terrorist incidents, List of mosques in Iran, List of motifs on banknotes, List of Muslim leaders and politicians, List of Olympic Games scandals and controversies, List of people from Newton, Massachusetts, List of people on banknotes, List of People's Century interviewees, List of Peter Simple characters, List of places named after people, List of pre-Islamic Arabian deities, List of Presidents of Iran, List of Prime Ministers of Iran, List of Shia Muslim scholars of Islam, List of Shia Muslims, List of state leaders in 1979, List of state leaders in 1980, List of state leaders in 1981, List of state leaders in 1982, List of state leaders in 1983, List of state leaders in 1984, List of state leaders in 1985, List of state leaders in 1986, List of state leaders in 1987, List of state leaders in 1988, List of state leaders in 1989, List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000), List of Tehran's Friday Prayer Imams, List of terrorist incidents in London, List of terrorist incidents in Saudi Arabia, List of totalitarian regimes, List of Williams College people, Lists of Maraji, Little Annie Fanny, Little Satan, Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani, Luise Rinser, Maher Hathout, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. 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A 250 Years Old Person

A 250 Years Old Person (انسان 250 ساله) is a book by Ali Khamenei, supreme leader of Islamic Republic of Iran.

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A Brief History of Blasphemy

A Brief History of Blasphemy: Liberalism, Censorship and the Satanic Verses is a 1990 book by Richard Webster, in which the author discusses the controversy over Salman Rushdie's novel The Satanic Verses (1988).

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A New Beginning

"A New Beginning" is the name of a speech delivered by United States President Barack Obama on 4 June 2009, from the Major Reception Hall at Cairo University in Egypt.

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Abbas al-Musawi

Abbas al Moussawi عباس الموسوي; 26 October 1952 – 16 February 1992) was an influential Lebanese Shia cleric, co-founder and Secretary General of Hezbollah. He was killed by the Israel Defense Forces in 1992.

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Abbas Almohri

Ayatollah Sayyed Abbas Almohri (1915–1988) (آية الله سيد عباس المهري) was one of the first Kuwaiti Shia scholars based in Kuwait.

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Abbas Vaez-Tabasi

Abbas Vaez Tabasi (عباس واعظ طبسی; 25 June 1935 – 4 March 2016) was an influential Iranian cleric who held memberships at different institutions.

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Abdelkader Belliraj

Abdelkader Belliraj (عبد القادر بليرج,; born 1957, Nador) is a Moroccan-Belgian citizen who was found guilty in 2009 of arms smuggling and planning terrorist attacks in Morocco.

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Abdolkarim Soroush

Abdolkarim Soroush (عبدالكريم سروش; born Hossein Haj Faraj Dabbagh (born 1945; حسين حاج فرج دباغ), is an Iranian Islamic thinker, reformer, Rumi scholar, public intellectual, and a former professor of philosophy at the University of Tehran and Imam Khomeini International University during Islamic regime since he only has a chemistry BS. He is arguably the most influential figure in the religious intellectual movement of Iran. Soroush is currently a visiting scholar at the University of Maryland in College Park, MD. He was also affiliated with other prestigious institutions, including Harvard, Princeton, Yale, Columbia, the Leiden-based International Institute as a visiting professor for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) and the Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin. He was named by TIME as one of the world’s 100 most influential people in 2005, and by Prospect magazine as one of the most influential intellectuals in the world in 2008. Soroush's ideas, founded on Relativism, prompted both supporters and critics to compare his role in reforming Islam to that of Martin Luther in reforming Christianity.

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Abdollah Jassbi

Abdollah Jafarali Jassbi (born 25 November 1944) is an Iranian academic and politician who was president of Azad University from the establishment of the university in 1982 until his resignation in 2012.

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Abdollah Javadi-Amoli

Abdollah Javadi-Amoli (عبدالله جوادی آملی) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja.

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Abdollah Nouri

Abdollah Noori (عبدالله نوری) is an Iranian cleric and reformist politician.

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Abdul Alim Musa

Imam Abdul Alim Musa (born 1945 as Clarence Reams) is a Muslim American activist and director of Masjid Al-Islam in Washington, D.C. He is a member of the Institute of Contemporary Islamic Thought (ICIT) and a well-known speaker around the world.

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Abdul Kadir Ali Muwaya

Abdul Kadir Ali Muwaya (1950–2014) was a social activist and translator from Uganda.

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Abdul Karim Haghshenas

Abdul Karim Haghshenas (عبدالکریم حق‌شناس) (Born 1919, Tehran - died in 2007, Tehran) was a contemporary Muslim jurist and mystic moralist.

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Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou

Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou (Ebdulrehman Qasimlo, عبدالرحمان قاسملو; 22 December 1930 – 13 July 1989) was a Kurdish political leader.

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Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi

Grand Ayatollah Hajj Sheikh Abdolkarim Haeri Yazdi (عبدالکریم حائری یزدی; عبد الكريم الحائري اليزدي) (1859 — 30 January 1937) was a Twelver Shia Muslim cleric and marja.

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Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili

Seyyed Abdul-Karim Mousavi Ardebili (عبدالکریم موسوی اردبیلی, 28 January 1926 – 23 November 2016) was an Iranian reformist politician and Twelver shi'a marja.

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Abdulali Ali-Asgari

Abdulali Ali-Asgari (عبدالعلی علی‌عسگری; born 1958 in Ray, Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian media executive who is the current director-general of IRIB.

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Abdullah al-Ahdal

Abdullah bin Muhammad al-Ahdal, a native of Saudi Arabia, was the great Imam of Belgium.

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Abdullah Yusuf Azzam

Abdullah Yusuf Azzam (عبد الله يوسف عزام, ‘Abdu’llāh Yūsuf ‘Azzām; 194124 November 1989) also known as Father of Global Jihad was a Palestinian Sunni Islamic scholar and theologian and founding member of Al-Qaeda.

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Abolfazl Fateh

Abolfazl Fateh is a media expert, medical doctor, journalist and political activist.

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Abolghasem Khazali

Ayatollah Abolghasem Khazali Boroujerdi (ابولقاسم خزعلی بروجردی, 21 March 1925 – 16 September 2015) was a hardline Iranian politician, fundamentalist Shi'i cleric and a founding member of Haghani school with close ties with Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Saeed Jalili.

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Abolghasem Wafi Yazdi

Abolghasem Wafi Yazdi (ابوالقاسم وافی یزدی)(Born 1935 Hoseynabad, Yazd) is a Shia cleric and member of the Assembly of Experts.

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Abolhassan Banisadr

Seyyed Abolhassan Banisadr (Seyyed Abolhasan Banisadr; born 22 March 1933) is an Iranian politician and economist.

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Abortion in Iran

Abortion in Iran has been the subject of internal controversy for many years.

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Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani

Abu l-Hasan al-Isfahani (ابوالحسن الاصفهانی) was a Shia scholar and Marja'.

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Abul A'la Maududi

Syed Abul A'la Maududi Chishti (ابو الاعلی مودودی – alternative spellings of last name Maudoodi, Mawdudi, also known as Abul Ala Maududi; –) was a Muslim philosopher, jurist, journalist and imam.

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Academic freedom in the Middle East

Academic freedom in the Middle East is a contested and debated issue, which has caught regional and international attention.

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Achaemenid architecture

Achaemenid architecture (Persian: معماری هخامنشیان) includes all architectural achievements of the Achaemenid Persians manifesting in construction of spectacular cities used for governance and inhabitation (Persepolis, Susa, Ecbatana), temples made for worship and social gatherings (such as Zoroastrian temples), and mausoleums erected in honor of fallen kings (such as the burial tomb of Cyrus the Great).

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Adil Abdul-Mahdi

Adil Abdul-Mahdi al-Muntafiki (عادل عبد المهدي المنتفكي) is an Iraqi Shi'a politician, economist, and was one of the Vice Presidents of Iraq from 2005 to 2011.

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Aga Syed Mustafa Moosavi

Ayatullah Aga Syed Mustafa Al-Moosavi Al-Safvi (2 February 1924 – 21 August 2002) widely known as Aga Sahab (آغا صاحب) was a Kashmiri Shia Muslim cleric, Islamic Jurist, Islamic scholar, philanthropist and former President of Anjuman-e-Sharie Shiyaan Jammu and Kashmir.

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Aga Syed Yusuf Al-Moosavi Al-Safavi

Ayatullah Aga Syed Yousuf Al-Moosavi Al- safvi (1904 – 29 August 1982) (آغا سید یوسف الموسوی الصفوی)was a Kashmiri religious scholar and leader of Shia Muslims.

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Agha Syed Hamid Ali Shah Moosavi

Agha Syed Hamid Ali Shah Moosavi is the patron-in-chief of the supreme Shia ullama board and president of Tehrik-e-Nafaz-e-Fiqah-e-Jafaria (تحریکِ نفاذِ فقہ), the Shiite-law implementation movement.

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Ahmad Azari Qomi

Grand Ayatollah Ahmad Azari-Qomi-Bigdeli (1925–1999) was an Iranian cleric.

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Ahmad Fardid

Seyyed Ahmad Fardid (سید احمد فردید) (Born in 1912, Yazd – 16 August 1994, Tehran), born Ahmad Mahini Yazdi, was a prominent Iranian philosopher and an inspiring and dedicated professor of Tehran University.

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Ahmad Iravani

Ahmad Iravani is an Iranian philosopher, scholar and clergyman from the Northern region of Iran, along the Caspian Sea.

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Ahmad Jannati

Ayatollah Ahmad Jannati (احمد جنتی, born 23 February 1927) is an Iranian Shi'i cleric and a conservative politician.

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Ahmad Kashani

Ahmad Kashani (احمد کاشانی) is an Iranian politician.

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Ahmad Kasravi

Ahmad Kasravi (29 September 1890 – 11 March 1946; احمد کسروی) was a notable Iranian linguist, historian, nationalist and reformer.

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Ahmad Khatami

Sayyid Ahmad Khatami (احمد خاتمی, born 8 May 1960) is a senior Iranian cleric, as well as a senior member of the Assembly of Experts.

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Ahmad Khomeini

Sayyid Ahmad Khomeini (سید احمد خمینی;‎ 15 March 1946 – 16 March 1995) was the younger son of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and father of Hassan Khomeini.

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Ahmad Khonsari

Ahmad Khonsari, also Aḥmad Khvānsārī, or Khvunsārī (احمد خوانساری, 1887–1985) was an Iranian Grand Ayatollah and attained marja status after the death of marja Boroujerdi in 1961.

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Ahmad Moftizadeh

Ahmad Moftizadeh (ئەحمەدی موفتیزاده, احمد مفتی‌زاده; February 1933 – 9 February 1993) was an influential political and religious thinker among the Sunni Kurdish minority in Iranian Kurdistan.

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Ahmad Shah Qajar

Ahmad Shāh Qājār (احمد شاه قاجار; 21 January 1898 – 21 February 1930) was Shah of Persia (Iran) from 16 July 1909 to 15 December 1925, and the last ruling member of the Qajar dynasty.

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Ahmed al-Assir

Ahmad Al-Assir (born 5 May 1968) is the former Imam of the Bilal Bin Rabah Mosque in Sidon, South Lebanon.

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Ahmed Al-Waeli

Ahmed Al-Waeli Al-Laithi Al-Kinani (1928–2003) (الدكتور الشيخ أحمد الوائلي الليثي الكناني.) was a prominent Shi'a Islamic cleric, who preached the Islamic thoughts through books and lectures.

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Ahmed Deedat

Ahmed Hoosen Deedat (અહમદ હુસેન દીદત) (1 July 1918 – 8 August 2005) was a South African writer and public speaker of Indian descent.

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Ahmed Huber

Ahmed Huber (1927 – 15 May 2008) was a Swiss German journalist, and a convert to Islam, who was active in both Islamist and Far Right politics.

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Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani

Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (Akbar Hāshemī Rafsanjānī or Hashemi Bahramani; 25 August 1934 – 8 January 2017) was an influential Iranian politician, writer and one of the founding fathers of the Islamic Republic who was the fourth President of Iran from 3 August 1989 until 3 August 1997.

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Al Goldstein

Alvin "Al" Goldstein (January 10, 1936 – December 19, 2013) was an American pornographer.

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Al-Istibsar

Al-Istibsar (اَلاِْسْتِبْصار فیما اختلف من الأخبار; Al-Istibsar fi ma ukhtulif fihi min al-akhbar) is a Hadith collection, by the famous Twelver Shia Hadith scholar Abu Jafar Muhammad Ibn Hassan Tusi, commonly known as Shaykh Tusi.

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Al-Musawi

Al-Mūsawi (Arabic script: الموسوي, arabic pronunciation:, Persian pronunciation), is a surname that presumably indicates a person comes from a prestigious and highly respected family with a transnational identity.

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Al-Nasr (Afghanistan)

Al-Nasr (النصر; Arabic for "Victory") was a Hazara militant group, opposed to the leftist Afghan government during the 1980s After the Revolutionary Council of Islamic Unity of Afghanistan, Al-Nasr was the elite militant group.

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Alawites

The Alawis, also rendered as Alawites (علوية Alawiyyah/Alawīyah), are a syncretic sect of the Twelver branch of Shia Islam, primarily centered in Syria.

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Alevism

Alevism (Alevîlik or Anadolu Alevîliği/Alevileri, also called Qizilbash, or Shī‘ah Imāmī-Tasawwufī Ṭarīqah, or Shīʿah-ī Bāṭen’īyyah) is a syncretic, heterodox, and local tradition, whose adherents follow the mystical (''bāṭenī'') teachings of Ali, the Twelve Imams, and a descendant—the 13th century Alevi saint Haji Bektash Veli.

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Alfaz (principles of Islamic jurisprudence)

Alfaz in the principles of Islamic jurisprudence (Persian:الفاظ در علم اصول فقه) is a preliminary subject concerned with analysis of verbals and concepts due to acquiring religious judgments and sharia.These issues often deal with subjects in the fields of philosophy of language and semantics.

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Ali Akbar Aboutorabi Fard

Hojatoleslam Seyyed Ali Akbar Aboutorabi Fard (سید علی اکبر ابوترابی; 1939 – June 2, 2000) was an Iranian revolutionary.

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Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur

Ali Akbar Mohtashamipour or Mohtashami (سید علی‌اکبر محتشمی‌پور; born 1947) is a Shia cleric who was active in the 1979 Iranian Revolution and later became interior minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Ali Akbar Rashad

Ali Akbar Rashad (born 1955) is an Iranian philosopher and Islamic scholar who pioneered the Ibtina Theory, a theory for explaining the process and mechanism of "religious knowledge" formation.

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Ali Akbar Shiroodi

Ali Akbar Shiroodi (علی‌اکبر شیرودی) was one of the pilots who had the highest number of flights in the world.

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Ali Akbar Tabatabaei

Ali Akbar Tabatabaei (علی‌اکبر طباطبایی, born in Hamedan on 4 September 1930 – died 22 July 1980) was an Iranian exile and former press attache to the Iranian embassy in the United States during the reign of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

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Ali al-Sistani

Al-Sayyid Ali al-Husseini al-Sistani (السيد علي الحسيني السيستاني), or Sayyed Ali Hosseini Sistani (سید علی حسینی سیستانی), commonly known as Ayatollah Sistani in the Western world (born August 4, 1930 in Mashhad), is an Iranian Shia marja in Iraq and the head of many of the seminaries (Hawzahs) in Najaf.

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Ali Fallahian

Ali Fallahian, (علی فلاحیان., born 23 October 1945) is an Iranian politician and cleric.

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Ali Karimi

Ali Karimi (علی کریمی (born 8 November 1978) nicknamed "Maradona of Asia", is an Iranian coach and retired footballer. He has played for Fath Tehran, Persepolis, Al-Ahli Dubai, Bayern Munich, Qatar SC, Steel Azin, Schalke 04, Tractor Sazi, and the Iran national team for which he scored 38 goals in 127 appearances. In 2004, he became the fourth Iranian player to win the Asian Footballer of the Year. He announced his retirement at the end of the 2013–14 season and, on 11 April 2014, played the final game of his 18-year career. Karimi's professional career began with Fath Tehran, where he made his first-team debut in 1996 aged 18. He then played three seasons with Persepolis, winning the Iranian league twice and the Hazfi Cup once with the club. In July 2001 Karimi signed a two-year contract with UAE Pro League club Al-Ahli Dubai. While an Al-Ahli player, Karimi won two cup titles, and was the top-goalscorer in the 2003–04 season, an impressive feat for a midfielder. After leaving the club in 2005 aged-26, Karimi made a long-awaited move to Europe to play for Bayern Munich. At the club he had relative success, winning both the Bundesliga and the DFB-Pokal in 2005–06 season. Later in his career, he would join up again with former coach Felix Magath and win a second German Cup with Schalke 04. Karimi ended his playing career in Iran with Persepolis and Tractor Sazi, and with the latter won the Hazfi Cup in the final season of his career. In international football, Karimi made his Iran debut on 13 October 1998, at the age of 19. He made 127 career appearances in total, appearing at five major tournaments including 1998 Asian Games, 2000, 2004, and 2007 Asian Cups and 2006 FIFA World Cup. Renowned for his on-the-ball skill, dribbling runs and playmaking ability, he was often referred to as the Asian Maradona and The Magician. He was believed to be one of Asia's greatest players, and is often listed as one of the greatest Iranian players of all time.

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Ali Khamenei

Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei (سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای,; born 17 July 1939) is a ''marja'' and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989.

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Ali Khamenei's fatwa against nuclear weapons

A fatwa by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran, against the acquisition, development and use of nuclear weapons dates back to the mid-1990s, though its first public announcement is reported to have occurred on October 2003, which was followed by an official statement at a meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in Vienna two years later on August 2005.

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Ali Mohammad Dastgheib Shirazi

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Mohammad Dastgheib Shirazi (Persian: السيد علی‌محمد دستغیب شيرازي) (born 14 March 1935) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja.

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Ali Qoddusi

Ali Qoddusi (also Ghoddosi or Qodusi) (1927–1981) was an Iranian cleric and a major actor in the 1979 revolution.

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Ali Sayad Shirazi

Ali Sayad Shirazi (علی صیاد شیرازی, 13 June 1944 – 10 April 1999) was an Iranian regular military (''Artesh'') officer.

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Ali Tajalaei

General Ali Tajaleei (علی تجلایی; July 1959 – March 1985) was born in Tabriz, East Azerbaijan province, Iran.

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Alinaghi Khamoushi

Alinaghi Khamoushi (ʿAli-Naqi Ḵāmuši) is an Iranian business magnate and conservative politician.

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Alireza Arafi

Alireza Arafi (علیرضا اعرافی) (born 1959, Meybod) Iranian Shia cleric, Chairman of Al-Mustafa International University, Qom Friday prayer leader and head of Iran's Seminary.

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Allama Hassan Turabi

Allama Hassan Turabi (Urdu: علامہ حسن ترابی) was a Pakistani and prominent Shia Muslim cleric, chief of the main Shiite political party, Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan.

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Alliance of Builders of Islamic Iran

The Alliance of Builders or Developers of Islamic Iran (ائتلاف آبادگران ایران اسلامی; E'telāf-e Ābādgarān-e Īrān-e Eslāmī), usually shortened to Abadgaran (آبادگران), was an Iranian conservative political federation of parties and organizations.

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Alliance of the periphery

The Alliance of the periphery or the Periphery doctrine is a foreign policy strategy that called for Israel to develop close strategic alliances with non-Arab Muslim states in the Middle East to counteract the united opposition of Arab states to the existence of Israel.

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America can't do a damn thing against us

America can't do a damn thing against us (آمریکا هیچ غلطی نمی تواند بکند) is a slogan originally used by the former Supreme Leader of Iran, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini during the Iran hostage crisis, for the first time to assure the Iranians that the United States would not be able to restore the ousted Shah of Iran back to the Persian throne.

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AmIAnnoying.com

AmIAnnoying.com (AIA) is a website that allows users to vote on celebrities based on their annoyance factors.

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Amir H. Ladan

Amir H. Ladan a researcher, writer and political activist has written numerous articles and spoken on American foreign policy as it relates to the Middle East, oil and Iran.

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Amir Hossein Rabii

Amir Hossein Rabii (امیرحسین ربیعی) (died 9 April 1979) was an Iranian senior military officer who served as the commander in chief of Imperial Iranian Air Force from 1976 to 1979.

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Amir Khadir

Amir Khadir (امیر خدیر; born June 12, 1961) is a Canadian politician in the National Assembly of Quebec (MNA), Canada for the electoral district of Mercier, and the first male spokesperson for Québec Solidaire, a sovereigntist and left-wing political party which was created by the merger of the Union des Forces Progressistes and Option Citoyenne, a feminist political movement, in February 2006.

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Amir Taheri

Amir Taheri (born 9 June 1942 in Ahvaz) is an Iranian-born conservative author based in Europe.

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Amir-Abbas Hoveyda

Amir-Abbas Hoveyda (Amīr `Abbās Hoveyda; 18 February 1919 – 7 April 1979) was an Iranian economist and politician who served as Prime Minister of Iran from 27 January 1965 to 7 August 1977.

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Anarchism and Islam

Islamic anarchism is based on an interpretation of Islam as "submission to God" which either prohibits or is highly critical of the role of human authority.

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Andrew Goldberg (director)

Andrew Goldberg (born June 26, 1968) is an American producer and director and is the founder and owner of Two Cats Productions in New York City.

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Aniconism

Aniconism is the absence of material representations of the natural and supernatural world in various cultures, particularly in the monotheistic Abrahamic religions.

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Aniconism in Islam

Aniconism is a proscription in Islam against the creation of images of sentient beings.

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Annibale Bugnini

Annibale Bugnini (14 June 1912 – 3 July 1982) was a Roman Catholic prelate.

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Anniversary of Islamic Revolution

The anniversary of Islamic revolution is celebrated on 22 Bahman on the Iranian calendar with Iranian marches toward Azadi Tower.

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Ansar-e Hezbollah

Ansar-e-Hezbollah (lit) is a conservative organization in Iran.

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Anti-American sentiment in Iran

Anti-American sentiment in Iran is not new; the chant "Death to America" has been in use in Iran since at least the Islamic revolution in 1979, along with other phrases often represented as anti-American.

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Anti-Americanism

Anti-Americanism, anti-American sentiment, or sometimes Americanophobia, is dislike of or opposition to the governmental policies of the United States, especially regarding the foreign policy, or the American people in general.

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Anti-clericalism

Anti-clericalism is opposition to religious authority, typically in social or political matters.

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Anti-imperialism

Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is a term used in a variety of contexts, usually by nationalist movements who want to secede from a larger polity (usually in the form of an empire, but also in a multi-ethnic sovereign state) or as a specific theory opposed to capitalism in Marxist–Leninist discourse, derived from Vladimir Lenin's work Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism.

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Anti-Kurdish sentiment

Anti-Kurdish sentiment, also known as anti-Kurdism or Kurdophobia, is the hostility, fear, intolerance or racism against the Kurdish people, Kurdish culture, or Kurdish languages.

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Anti-nationalism

Anti-nationalism denotes the sentiments associated with an opposition to nationalism.

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Apostasy in Islam

Apostasy in Islam (ردة or ارتداد) is commonly defined as the conscious abandonment of Islam by a Muslim in word or through deed.

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April 1964

The following events occurred in April 1964.

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Arab League–Iran relations

Arab League–Iran relations refer to political, economic and cultural relations between the mostly Shia Muslim and ethnically Persian country of Iran (Persia) and the mostly Sunni and ethnically Arab organization Arab League.

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Arab separatism in Khuzestan

Arab separatism in Khuzestan refers to a decades-long separatist movement in the western part of Iranian Khuzestan, which seeks to establish a separate independent state for its Arab residents, from what they define as "Iranian occupation".

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Arba'een

Arba'een (lit), Chehlom (چهلم, چہلم, "the fortieth ") or Qırxı, İmamın Qırxı (امامین قیرخی, "the fortieth of Imam") is a Shia Muslim religious observance that occurs forty days after the Day of Ashura.

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Ardeshir Mohasses

Ardeshir Mohasses (also spelt Ardashir Mohases, اردشير محصص., 9 September 1938 in Rasht – 9 October 2008 in New York) was an Iranian illustrator, satirist, cartoonist and painter, residing in New York.

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Ardeshir Zahedi

Ardeshir Zahedi, GCVO (اردشیر زاهدی; born 16 October 1928) is a former Iranian diplomat who served as the country's foreign minister (1966-1971) and its ambassador to the United States and the United Kingdom during the 1960s and 1970s.

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Arif Hussain Hussaini

Arif Hussain Al Hussaini (علامہ عارف حسين الحسينى) (November 25, 1946 - August 5, 1988) was a Shia leader in Pakistan, of the Shia Turi Pashtun tribe.

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Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran (نيروهای مسلح جمهوری اسلامی ايران) include the Army (''Artesh''), the Revolutionary Guard Corps (''Sepāh'') and the Law Enforcement Force (Police).

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Article 19

Article 19 (stylized ARTICLE 19) is a British human rights organization with a specific mandate and focus on the defense and promotion of freedom of expression and freedom of information worldwide founded in 1987.

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Asadollah Alam

Amir Asadollah Alam (24 July 1919 – 14 April 1978) was an Iranian politician who was Prime Minister from 1962 to 1964.

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Asadollah Lajevardi

Sayyed Assadollah Ladjevardi (اسدالله لاجوردی; 1935 – 23 August 1998) was an Iranian conservative politician, prosecutor and warden.

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Asif Mohseni

Ayatollah Muhammad Asif Mohseni (آیت‌الله العظمی محمد آصف محسنی) (Sheik Mohseni) (born 1936) is widely considered to be the most powerful Twelver shiite cleric in Afghanistan.

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Asma bint Marwan

ʻAṣmāʼ bint Marwān (عصماء بنت مروان "'Asmā' the daughter of Marwān") was a female member of the Ummayad caliphate who lived in Medina in 7th century Arabia.

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Asr-e Evaz

Asr-e Evaz (عصر اوز lit. "Evaz Times") is the sole general newspaper of the city of Evaz, in Fars Province, Iran.

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Assassination and terrorism in Iran

Numerous civilians, including men, women, children, government officials, activists, secular intellectuals and clerics have been victims of assassination, terrorism, or violence against noncombatants, over the course of modern Iranian history.

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Assassination attempt on Ali Khamenei

An assassination attempt on Ali Khamenei occurred on 27 June 1981.

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Assembly of Experts

The Assembly of Experts (Majles-e Khobregān-e Rahbari) —also translated as the Assembly of Experts of the Leadership or as the Council of Experts— is the deliberative body empowered to designate and dismiss the Supreme Leader of Iran.

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Assembly of Experts for Constitution

Assembly of Experts for Constitution (مجلس خبرگان قانون اساسی), also translated the Assembly for the Final Review of the Constitution (AFRC), was a constituent assembly in Iran, elected in the summer of 1979 to write a new constitution for the Islamic Republic Government.

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Assembly of the Forces of Imam's Line

Assembly of the Forces of the Imam's Line or Association of Followers of the Imam's Line (مجمع نیروهای خط امام) is an Iranian reformist political group.

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Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic

The Association of the Women of the Islamic Republic (جمعیت زنان جمهوری اسلامی, Jam’iat-e Zanan-e Jomhouri-e Islami) is an Iranian reformist political party.

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Ata'ollah Ashrafi Esfahani

Ayatollah Ata'ollah Ashrafi Esfahani (آیت‌الله عطاءالله اشرفی اصفهانی., 1902–1982) was an Iranian religious leader.

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Atatürkist Thought Association

The Atatürkist (Kemalist) Thought Association (Turkish: Atatürkçü Düşünce Derneği or ADD) is a secularist organization that espouses the ideas of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of modern Turkey.

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Ateghe Sediqi

Ateghe Sediqi (born Pouran Rajai on 2 September 1943) is an Iranian politician and human rights activist who was the wife of former Iranian President Mohammad-Ali Rajai.

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Atena Daemi

Atena Daemi (آتنا دائمی) born 1988 in Tehran is a civil rights activist, children's rights activist, human rights activist and political prisoner in Iran.

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Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam

Atheist Manifesto: The Case Against Christianity, Judaism, and Islam (Traité d'athéologie) is a 2005 book by French author Michel Onfray.

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Attorney-General of Iran

The Attorney-General of Iran (or Prosecutor-General), in the Judicial system of Iran, is a "just mujtahid" appointed by the Head of the Judiciary in consultation with the judges of the Supreme Court to serve for a period of five years.

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Authoritarianism

Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms.

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Avicenna Mausoleum

The Mausoleum of Avicenna is a complex located at Avicenna Square, Hamadan, Iran.

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Ayatollah (disambiguation)

Ayatollah may refer to.

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Ayatollah (song)

Ayatollah is a 1979 novelty and parody song by American comedian Steve Dahl and his band Teenage Radiation.

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Ayatollah Haj Muhammmad-Hassan Jazayeri

Ayatollah Seyyed Haj Muhammad-Hassan Jazayeri was from Khuzestan and he was a direct descendant of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad and was a descendant of Seyyed Nama'tolla Jazayeri who started the name Jazayeri 1640 (D.1700).

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Az Karkheh ta Rhein

From Karkheh to Rhein (از کرخه تا راین Az Karkheh ta Rhein) is a 1992 Iranian film directed by Ebrahim Hatamikia.

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Azeem Amrohvi

Azeem Amrohi (عظِیم امروہوی), (born April 29, 1945) is an Urdu poet and a scholar.

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Background and causes of the Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution was a populist, nationalist and Shi'a Islamic revolution that replaced a secular dictatorial monarchy with a theocracy based on "Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists" (or velayat-e faqi.). Its causes – why the last Shah of Iran (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi) was overthrown and why he was replaced by an Islamic Republic – are the subject of historical debate.

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Bada'

Badā' (meaning: "revealing after concealing", or "alteration in the divine will") is a Shia Islamic concept regarding God.

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Bahar Azadi Coin

Bahār-e Āzādī (بهار آزادی, lit. " Spring of Freedom") is an Iranian gold coin minted by Central Bank of the Islamic Republic of Iran, replacing Pahlavi Coin after Iranian Revolution.

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Bahman Nirumand

Bahman Nirumand (18 September 1936 in Tehran) is an Iranian and German journalist and author.

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Bahrain–Iran relations

Bahrain–Iran relations are the bilateral relations between the countries of Bahrain and Iran.

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Bahram Aryana

Timsar Bahram Aryana (born Hossein Manouchehri; 17 March 1906 – 21 July 1985) was a top Iranian military commander during the reign of Mohammed Reza Pahlavi as well as a philosopher of Zoroastrianism, Persian nationalist and humanist.

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Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni

Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni (بندرامام خمینی, also Romanized as Bandare Emm Xomeyni; formerly, Bandar Šâhpur) is a city and capital of Bandar-e Emam Khomeyni District of Mahshahr County, Khuzestan Province, Iran.

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Baqer Moin

Baqer Moin is a BBC journalist and author.

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Barabanki district

Barabanki district is one of four districts of Faizabad division, lies at the very heart of Awadh region of Uttar Pradesh state of India, and forms as it were a centre from which no less than seven other districts radiate.

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Barry Lando

Barry Lando (born June 8, 1939) is a Canadian award-winning journalist, author, and former producer for CBS’ 60 Minutes.

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Basij

The Basij (بسيج, lit. "The Mobilization"), Niruyeh Moghavemat Basij (نیروی مقاومت بسیج, "Mobilisation Resistance Force"), full name Sāzmān-e Basij-e Mostaz'afin (سازمان بسیج مستضعفین, "The Organization for Mobilization of the Oppressed"), is one of the five forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

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Batman: A Death in the Family

"A Death in the Family" is a four-issue Batman comic book storyline published by DC Comics.

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Battle of Khorramshahr

The Battle of Khorramshahr was a major engagement between Iraq and Iran in the Iran–Iraq War.

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Be Like Others

Be Like Others (also known as Transsexual in Iran) is a 2008 documentary film written and directed by Tanaz Eshaghian about transsexuals in Iran.

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Behesht-e Zahra

Behesht-e Zahra (بهشت زهرا,The Paradise of Zahra, from Fatima az-Zahra), is the largest cemetery in Iran.

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Beliefs and ideology of Osama bin Laden

Osama bin Laden took ideological guidance from individuals named Ibn Taymiyya, Ibn al-Qayyim al-Jawziyyah, and Sayyid Qutb.

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Beppe Devalle

Giuseppe Riccardo "Beppe" Devalle (8 April 1940 – 4 February 2013) was an Italian painter and collagist, acknowledged as one of the most interesting and highly appreciated artists of the last few decades of Italian painting.

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Bernard L. Stein

Bernard “Buddy” L. Stein is an American journalist best known for winning the 1998 Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing for writing on “politics and other issues affecting New York City residents.” He spent his career as the co-publisher and editor of The Riverdale Press, a weekly newspaper serving the Northwest Bronx.

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Black Friday (1978)

Black Friday (Persian: جمعه سیاه Jom'e-ye Siyāh) is the name given to 8 September 1978 (17 Shahrivar 1357 Iranian calendar) because of the shootings in Jaleh Square (Persian: میدان ژاله Meydān-e Jāleh) in Tehran, Iran.

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Blasphemy law in Iran

Iran is a constitutional, Islamic theocracy.

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Blasphemy law in the United Kingdom

This article describes the blasphemy law in the United Kingdom.

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Bomb Iran

"Bomb Iran" (or "Bomb, Bomb, Bomb, Bomb, Bomb Iran") is the name of several parodies of the Regents' song "Barbara Ann", originally written by Fred Fassert.

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Book of Fatimah

The Book of Fatimah, Mushaf of Fatimah or Fatimah's Mushaf is, according to Shia tradition, a book written for Fatimah, the daughter of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.

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BP

BP plc (stylised as bp), formerly British Petroleum, is a British multinational oil and gas company headquartered in London, England.

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Brad Holland (artist)

Brad Holland (born 1943) is an American artist.

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Breath (2016 film)

Breath (نفس; Nafas) is a 2016 Iranian film directed by Narges Abyar.

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Bridgeton incident

The Bridgeton incident was the mining of the supertanker near Farsi Island in the Persian Gulf on July 24, 1987.

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British Asian

British Asians (also referred as South Asians in the United Kingdom, Asian British people or Asian Britons) are persons of South Asian descent who reside in the United Kingdom.

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British–Ruhollah Khomeini conspiracy theory

A number of observers, including the Shah, have written of rumours and allegations that the government of the United Kingdom has secretly supported "mullahs" (Shia clerics) in recent Iranian history, and in particular the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini in his successful overthrow of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in the Iranian Revolution of 1979.

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Caliphate

A caliphate (خِلافة) is a state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (خَليفة), a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire ummah (community).

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Canada–Iran relations

Prior to 1955, Canadian Consular and Commercial Affairs in Iran were handled by the British Embassy.

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Carol Barnes

Carol Lesley Barnes (13 September 1944 – 8 March 2008) was a British television newsreader and broadcaster.

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Carrion Comfort

Carrion Comfort is a science fiction/horror novel by American writer Dan Simmons, published in 1989 in hard cover by Dark Harvest and in 1990 in paperback by Warner Books.

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Casualties of the Iranian Revolution

Observers differ on how many people died during the Iranian Revolution.

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Cat Stevens' comments about Salman Rushdie

Following Ayatollah Khomeini's 14 February 1989 death fatwa against author Salman Rushdie, following the publication of Rushdie's novel The Satanic Verses, Yusuf Islam, previously known as Cat Stevens, made statements that were interpreted as endorsing the killing of Rushdie.

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Censorship

Censorship is the suppression of speech, public communication, or other information, on the basis that such material is considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or "inconvenient" as determined by government authorities.

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Censorship in Islamic societies

Islamic teachings and argument have been used to censor opinions and writings throughout history, up to and including the modern era, and thus there are many cases of censorship in Islamic societies.

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Central Intelligence Agency

The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is a civilian foreign intelligence service of the United States federal government, tasked with gathering, processing, and analyzing national security information from around the world, primarily through the use of human intelligence (HUMINT).

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Chain murders of Iran

The Chain Murders of Iran (Persian:قتلهای زنجیره ای), or Serial Murders, were a series of 1988–98 murders and disappearances of certain Iranian dissident intellectuals who had been critical of the Islamic Republic system in some way by Iranian government internal operatives.

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Che (2014 film)

Che (Persian: چ) is a 2014 Iranian biographical war film directed by Ebrahim Hatamikia.

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Chief Justice of Iran

The Chief Justice of Iran is the head of the Judicial system of Iran (Head of Judiciary) and is responsible for its administration and supervision.

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Christian Kracht

Christian Kracht (born 29 December 1966) is a Swiss novelist and journalist.

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Chronology of world oil market events

No description.

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CIA activities in Iran

There are many claims that the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) has repeatedly intervened in the internal affairs of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persia), from the 1953 Mosaddeq coup to present.

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Civil resistance

Civil resistance is political action that relies on the use of nonviolent resistance by civil groups to challenge a particular power, force, policy or regime.

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Clark Clifford

Clark McAdams Clifford (December 25, 1906October 10, 1998) was an American lawyer who served as an important political adviser to Democratic Presidents Harry S. Truman, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Jimmy Carter.

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Clericalism in Iran

Clericalism in Iran has a long history and had remarkable impact on Iranian society, politics as well as on Islamic theology.

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Coalition of Imam's Line groups

Coalition of Imam's Line groups (ائتلاف گروه‌های خط امام; E'telāf-e Goruhhā-ye Khatt-e Emām) was an Iranian political alliance active in 1990s, consisting of Islamic radical leftist groups later emerging current reformists.

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Cold War (1985–1991)

The Cold War period of 1985–1991 began with the rise of Mikhail Gorbachev as leader of the Soviet Union.

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Collin Street Bakery

The Collin Street Bakery is located in Corsicana, Texas, USA.

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Colonization: Second Contact

Colonization: Second Contact is an alternate history novel by American writer Harry Turtledove.

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Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces

Farmandeye Koll-e Qova (فرمانده کل قوا), formerly known as Bozorg Arteshtaran (بزرگ‌ارتشتاران), is the supreme commanding authority of all the Armed Forces of Iran and the highest possible military position within the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Committee for the Defense of Prisoners' Rights

Committee for the Defense of Prisoners' Rights, also translated as Defending the Rights of Prisoners, is an Iranian NGO dedicated to defending the rights of prisoners in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Compact Cassette

The Compact Audio Cassette (CAC) or Musicassette (MC), also commonly called the cassette tape or simply tape or cassette, is an analog magnetic tape recording format for audio recording and playback.

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Con Coughlin

Con Coughlin (born 14 January 1955) is a British journalist and author, currently The Daily Telegraph Defence Editor.

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Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution

The consolidation of the Iranian Revolution refers to a turbulent process of Islamic Republic stabilization, following the completion of the revolution.

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Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was adopted by referendum on 2 and 3 December 1979, and went into force replacing the Constitution of 1906.

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Constitutional theocracy

The phrase constitutional theocracy describes a form of elected government in which one single religion is granted an authoritative central role in the legal and political system.

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Controversies of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Controversies of the former Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad included criticism after his election victory on June 29, 2005.

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Corruption in Iran

Corruption is a serious problem in Iran, being widespread, mostly in the government.

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Council of the Islamic Revolution

The Council of the Islamic Revolution (Šūrā-ye enqelāb-e eslāmī) was a group formed by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to manage the Iranian Revolution on 10 January 1979, shortly before he returned to Iran.

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Criticism of Islamism

The ideas and practices of the leaders, preachers, and movements of the Islamic revival movement known as Islamism (also known as Political Islam), have been criticized by Muslims (often Islamic modernists and liberals) and non-Muslims.

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Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam

Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam dates from the initial rift between the two primary denominations of Islam, the Sunni and the Shia.

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Cry of the Peacock (novel)

Cry of the Peacock is the first novel from Gina B. Nahai and follows the story of a family of Jews through seven generations, from 1780s Persia to contemporary Iran.

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Culture of Iran

The culture of Iran (Farhang-e Irān), also known as culture of Persia, is one of the oldest in the world.

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Curb Your Enthusiasm

Curb Your Enthusiasm is an American comedy television series produced and broadcast by HBO that premiered on October 15, 2000.

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Cyrus Hashemi

Cyrus Hashemi (also spelled Hashimi; c.1942 – 21 July 1986) was an Iranian arms dealer linked to the Iran-Contra affair and October Surprise conspiracy theory.

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Cyrus Vance

Cyrus Roberts Vance (March 27, 1917January 12, 2002) was an American lawyer and United States Secretary of State under President Jimmy Carter from 1977 to 1980.

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D.C. Follies

D.C. Follies is a syndicated sitcom which aired from 1987–1989 and was set in a Washington, D.C. bar, where bartender Fred Willard would welcome puppet caricatures of politicians and popular culture figures.

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Daniel Pipes

Daniel Pipes (born September 9, 1949) is an American historian, writer, and commentator.

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Dariush Mehrjui

Dariush Mehrju'i (داریوش مهرجویی, born on 8 December 1939 in Tehran, also spelled as Mehrjui, Mehrjoui, and Mehrjuyi) is an Iranian director, screenwriter, producer, film editor and a member of the Iranian Academy of the Arts.

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David Burnett (photojournalist)

David Burnett (born 1946) is an American magazine photojournalist based in Washington, D.C. His work from the 1979 Iranian revolution was published extensively in ''Time'' (including its "Man of the Year" portrait of the Ayatollah Khomeini).

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David C. Jones

David Charles Jones (July 9, 1921 – August 10, 2013) was a U.S. Air Force general and the ninth Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

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Dawud Salahuddin

Dawud Salahuddin, sometimes spelled Daoud SalahuddinMichael Taylor, "'Kandahar' Actor Accused of Being Assassin: Tantai Said to Have Killed Diplomat", San Francisco Chronicle, January 04, 2002.

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De Brazza's monkey

The De Brazza's monkey (Cercopithecus neglectus) is an Old World monkey endemic to the wetlands of central Africa.

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Death and state funeral of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani

On 8 January 2017, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, the fourth President of Iran and the country's Chairman of Expediency Discernment Council, died at the age of 82 after suffering a heart attack.

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Death squad

A death squad is an armed group that conducts extrajudicial killings or forced disappearances of persons for the purposes of political repression, genocide, or revolutionary terror.

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Death to America

Death to America (مرگ بر آمریکا Marg bar Āmrikā) is an anti-American political slogan and chant which has been in use in Iran since the inception of the Iranian Revolution in 1979.

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Deaths in March 2009

The following is a list of deaths in March 2009.

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Debategate

Debategate or briefing-gate was a political scandal affecting the administration of Ronald Reagan; it took place in the final days of the 1980 presidential election.

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Deborah Rogers

Deborah Jane Coltman Rogers (6 April 1938 – 30 April 2014) was a British literary agent.

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December 3

No description.

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December 30, 2009 pro-government rally in Iran

On December 30, 2009, pro-government demonstrations, also called 9 Dey rally, took place in Shiraz, Arak, Qom, Isfahan and Tehran, among other cities in Iran to protest recent anti-government demonstrations connected with the much disputed 2009 presidential election.

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Declassified

Declassified is an American television series produced by Ten Worlds Productions on The History Channel that originally aired on November 9, 2004.

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Deely bobber

A deely bobber (also deeley bobber or deeley boppers) is a novelty item of headgear comprising a headband to which are affixed two springy protrusions resembling the antennae of insects or of stereotypical little green men.

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Defense industry of Israel

The Defense industry of Israel is a strategically important sector and a large employer, as well as major supplier of the Israel Defense Forces.

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Democracy in the Middle East

According to the Democracy Index 2016 study, Israel (#29 worldwide) is the only democracy in the Middle East, while Tunisia (#69 worldwide) is the only democracy in North Africa.

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Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan

The Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan (PDKI; Hîzbî Dêmukratî Kurdistanî Êran, HDKA; Ḥezb-e Demokrāt-e Kordestān-e Īrān), also known as the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran (KDPI), is an armed leftist ethnic party of Kurds in Iran, exiled in northern Iraq.

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Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1980

The 1980 Democratic presidential primaries were the selection process by which voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for President of the United States in the 1980 U.S. presidential election.

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Democratic Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Arabistan

The Democratic Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Arabistan الجبهة الديمقراطية الثورية لتحرير عربستان, al-Jabha al-dīmuqrāṭiyya al-thawriyya li-taḥrīr ‘Arabistān) was an Iranian Arab militant group founded in 1979, most famous for the Iranian Embassy siege of 1980 in London, United Kingdom. It was led by Oan Ali Mohammed, who was killed during the siege by SAS troops.

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Derek Holland (activist)

Derek Holland is a figure on the European far-right noted for his Catholic Integralism.

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Desmond Tutu

Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African Anglican cleric and theologian known for his work as an anti-apartheid and human rights activist.

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Dhimmi

A (ذمي,, collectively أهل الذمة / "the people of the dhimma") is a historical term referring to non-Muslims living in an Islamic state with legal protection.

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Don Cook (journalist)

Don Cook (August 8, 1920 — March 7, 1995) was one of the longest-serving, full-time, Paris-based American foreign correspondent of the twentieth century.

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Dora Levy Mossanen

Dora Levy Mossanen (born December 28, 1945) is an American author of historical fiction.

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Dr. Sapir Hospital and Charity Center

The Dr.

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Dredg

Dredg (stylized as dredg) is an American rock band formed in 1993 in Los Gatos, California.

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Du'a al-Baha

Du'a al-Baha (دعاء البهاء) (known as Du'a al-Sahar (دعاء السحر)) is a Du'a recommended to Muslims to recite it in pre-dawns of Ramadan, when Muslims usually eat Suhur.

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Dua-e Ahad

The Dua-e Ahad (دعاء العهد) is an Arabic language allegiance supplication prayer to Muhammad al-Mahdi, twelfth Imam of Shia Islam (the Imam Mahdi).

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Easy Listening for Iron Youth

Easy Listening for Iron Youth: The Best of NON is a 1991 compilation album of Boyd Rice's NON recordings.

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Ebrahim Raisi

Seyyed Ebrahim Raisol-Sadati (سید ابراهیم رئیس‌الساداتی; born 14 December 1960), commonly known as Ebrahim Raisi (ابراهیم رئیسی), is an Iranian cleric and the current custodian and chairman of Astan Quds Razavi (a wealthy and powerful foundation or bonyad).

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Ebrahim Yazdi

Ebrahim Yazdi (ابراهیم یزدی; 26 September 1931 – 27 August 2017) was an Iranian politician and diplomat who served as deputy prime minister and minister of foreign affairs in the interim government of Mehdi Bazargan, until his resignation in November 1979, in protest at the Iran hostage crisis.

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Eddie Råbock

Eddie Råbock, previously Mohamed Omar, (born June 7, 1976) is a Swedish essayist, poet and literary critic of Swedish-Iranian origin.

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Edmund P. Murray

Edmund P. Murray (July 1930 – October 2007) is an American novelist and journalist.

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Edoardo Agnelli

Edoardo Agnelli (9 June 1954 – 15 November 2000) was the eldest child and only son of Marella Agnelli (born Donna Marella Caracciolo di Castagneto) and Gianni Agnelli, the industrialist patriarch of Fiat.

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Effat Moridi (Mother Moeini)

Effat Moridi (Mother Moeini) مادر معینی was born during the spring of 1929 in a cultured family living in Khorramabad.

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Eid al-Fitr

Eid al-Fitr (عيد الفطر) is an important religious holiday celebrated by Muslims worldwide that marks the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting (sawm).

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Eighties (song)

"Eighties" is Killing Joke's first single from their fifth studio album, Night Time.

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Eloquence

Eloquence (from French eloquence from Latin eloquentia) is fluent, forcible, elegant or persuasive speaking.

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Elyasin community

Elyasin Community (جمعیت ال یاسین also known as Ale Yasin or Elahyoun) is an Iranian spiritual cultural community founded by Peyman Fattahi since 1991.

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Embassy of the United Kingdom, Tehran

The Embassy of the United Kingdom in Tehran is the United Kingdom's diplomatic mission to the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Emblem of Iran

The Emblem of Iran (نشان رسمی ایران, neshān-e rasmi-ye Irān) since the 1979 Iranian Revolution features the Arabic word ''Allah'' ("God"), rendered in stylized characters from the Persian alphabet.

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Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei

Esfandiar Rahim Mashaei (اسفندیار رحیم‌مشایی; born 16 November 1960) is an Iranian politician and former intelligence officer.

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Esmaeil Sohrabi

Esmaeil Sohrabi (اسماعیل سهرابی) is an Iranian retired military officer who served as the Chief-of-Staff of the Islamic Republic of Iran Army from 25 October 1984 until May 1988.

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Esperanto

Esperanto (or; Esperanto) is a constructed international auxiliary language.

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Ettela'at

Ettela'at (اطلاعات lit. Information) is a Persian language daily newspaper published in Iran.

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Evin Prison

Evin Prison (Zendān-e-Evin) is a prison located in the Evin neighborhood of Tehran, Iran.

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Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order

The Execution of Imam Khomeini's Order (EIKO), (ستاد اجرایی فرمان امام, Setade Ejraiye Farmane Emam), also known as the Executive Headquarters of Imam's Directive, is a parastatal in the Islamic Republic of Iran, under direct control of the Supreme Leader of Iran.

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Exodus of Iran's Jews

Exodus of Iran's JewsMahdī,ʻA.A. and Daniel, E.L. Culture and Customs of Iran.

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Expediency Discernment Council

The Expediency Discernment Council of the System (مجمع تشخیص مصلحت نظام Majma' Taškhīs Maṣlaḥat Nezām) is an administrative assembly appointed by the Supreme Leader and was created upon the revision to the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran on 6 February 1988.

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Export of revolution

Export of revolution is actions by a victorious revolutionary government of one country to promote similar revolutions in unruled areas or other countries, as a manifestation of revolutionary internationalism of certain kind, e.g., the Marxist proletarian internationalism.

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Extrajudicial killing

An extrajudicial killing (also known as extrajudicial execution) is the killing of a person by governmental authorities without the sanction of any judicial proceeding or legal process.

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Ezzatollah Sahabi

Ezzatollah Sahabi (9 May 1930 – 31 May 2011) was an Iranian politician and journalist.

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Fada'iyan-e Islam

Fadā'iyān-e Islam (فدائیان اسلام, also spelled as Fadayan-e Islam or in English "Fedayeen of Islam" or "Devotees of Islam" or literally "Self-Sacrificers of Islam") is a Shiʿite fundamentalist group in Iran with a strong activist political orientation, founded in 1946, and a registered political party since 1989.

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Fame in the 20th Century

Fame in the 20th Century is a 1993 BBC documentary television series and book by Clive James.

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Family planning in Iran

Iran had a comprehensive and effective program of family planning since the beginning of the 1990s.

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Farideh Mostafavi Khomeini

Sayyida Farideh Mostafavi Khomeini (فریده مصطفوی خمینی; born 1943) is an Iranian female religious scholar and Ayatollah Khomeini's youngest daughter.

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Fasiq

Fasiq (fāsiq) is an Arabic term referring to someone who violates Islamic law.

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Fatemeh Haghighatjoo

Fatemeh Haghighatjoo (also spelled Haghighatjou and Haqiqatju; lit) is an Iranian scholar and reformist politician who represented Tehran, Rey, Shemiranat and Eslamshahr in the Iranian Parliament from 2000 to 2004.

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Fathi Shaqaqi

Fathi Shaqaqi (فتحي الشقاقي; 1951 – 26 October 1995) was the co-founder and Secretary-General of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine.

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Fatima Masumeh Shrine

The Shrine of Fatima Masumeh (حرم فاطمه معصومه) is located in Qom which is considered by Shia Muslims to be the second most sacred city in Iran after Mashhad.

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Fatwa

A fatwā (فتوى; plural fatāwā فتاوى.) in the Islamic faith is a nonbinding but authoritative legal opinion or learned interpretation that the Sheikhul Islam, a qualified jurist or mufti, can give on issues pertaining to the Islamic law.

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Fearless Iranians from Hell

Fearless Iranians from Hell were a band from San Antonio, Texas.

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February 1

No description.

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February 11

No description.

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February 14

No description.

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February 23

No description.

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February 24

For superstitious reasons, when the Romans began to intercalate to bring their calendar into line with the solar year, they chose not to place their extra month of Mercedonius after February but within it.

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Fereydoun Farrokhzad

Fereydoun Farrokhzad (فریدون فرخزاد) (October 7, 1938 – August 7, 1992) was an Iranian singer, actor, poet, TV and radio host, writer, and iconic opposition political figure.

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Feyziyeh School

Feyziyya School (مدرسه فیضیه) is an old school in Iran that was founded in the Safavid era.

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Flag of Iran

The flag of Iran (Parcham-e Irān) is a tricolour comprising equal horizontal bands of green, white and red with the national emblem ("Allah") in red centred on the white band and the takbir written 11 times in the Kufic script in white, on each band.

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Foad Mostafa Soltani

Foad Mostafa Soltani, or Kak Foad (in Kurdish:فواد مستەفا سوڵتانی، کاک فواد) was one of the founders of the Revolutionary Organisation of the Toilers of Kurdistan, popularly known as Komala.

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Foreign policy of the Mahmoud Ahmadinejad administration

The foreign policy of the Mahmoud Ahmadinejad administration was the policy initiatives towards other states by the former President of Iran, as different from past and also future of the Iranian foreign policy.

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Foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration

The foreign policy of the Ronald Reagan administration was the foreign policy of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Foreign relations of Iran

Foreign relations of Iran refers to inter-governmental relationships between the Islamic Republic of Iran and other countries.

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Foreign relations of Israel

Israel joined the United Nations on 11 May 1949.

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Foreign relations of the Soviet Union

At the time of the founding of the Soviet Union (the USSR) in 1922, most governments internationally regarded the Soviet state as a pariah because of its advocacy of communism, and thus most states did not give it diplomatic recognition.

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Forty Hadith of Ruhullah Khomeini

Forty Hadith (lit) is a 1940 book written by Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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François Genoud

François Genoud (26 October 1915 – 30 May 1996) was a noted Swiss financier and a principal benefactor of the Nazi diaspora through the ODESSA network and supporter of Middle Eastern terror groups during the post-World War II 20th century.

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Freedom Movement of Iran

The Freedom Movement of Iran (FMI) or Liberation Movement of Iran (LMI; Nahżat-e āzādi-e Irān) is an Iranian pro-democracy political organization which was founded in 1961, by members describing themselves as "Muslims, Iranians, Constitutionalists and Mossadeghists".

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Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader

Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader (جبهه پیروان خط امام (ره) و رهبری), formerly known as Islamic Aligned Organizations (تشکل‌های اسلامی همسو) is a Coalition of Iranian Principlist political groups.

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Fundamentalism

Fundamentalism usually has a religious connotation that indicates unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs.

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G.I. Generation

G.I. Generation (also known as the WWII Generation, The Greatest Generation in the United States, or the Federation Generation in Australia) is the demographic cohort following the Lost Generation.

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General Culture Council (Iran)

General Culture Council of Iran (شورای فرهنگ عمومی), is a conservative-dominated body based in Qom and part of Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, was set up at the time of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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George Herman (journalist)

George Edward Herman (January 14, 1920 – February 8, 2005) was a veteran CBS journalist.

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Georgie Anne Geyer

Georgie Anne Geyer (born April 2, 1935) is a conservative American journalist and columnist for the Universal Press Syndicate.

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German television comedy

Germany has a long tradition of television comedy stretching as far back as the 1950s, and with its origins in cabaret and radio.

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Gharbzadegi

Gharbzadegi (غرب‌زدگی) is a pejorative Persian term variously translated as ‘Westernized’, ‘West-struck-ness’, ‘Westoxification’, ‘Westitis’, ‘Euromania’, or ‘Occidentosis’.

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Ghayasuddin Siddiqui

Ghayasuddin Siddiqui is an academic and political activist.

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Ghazal Omid

Ghazal Omid (Persian غزل امید) is an Iranian-Canadian author.

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Gholam Hossein Sadighi

Gholam Hossein Sedighi (غلامحسین صدیقی; December 3, 1905 – May 19, 1992), was an Iranian politician and Minister of Interior in the government of Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh in 1953.

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Gholam Hossein Tabrizi

Gholam Hossein Tabrizi (غلامحسین تبریزی) (Born 1881 in Vayqan, died 1980 in Mashhad) Shia clerics from Iran.

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Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi

Gholām-Hossein Sā'edi MD (غلامحسین ساعدی, also transliterated as Gholamhoseyn Sa'edi and Ghulamhusayn Sa'idi; January 4, 1936 in Tabriz – November 23, 1985 in Paris) was a prolific Iranian writer.

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Gholamreza Hassani

Ayatollah Gholamreza Hassani (غلامرضا حسنی, Qulamrza Həsəni) July 21, 1927 – May 21, 2018) was the previous Friday prayer, first First imam of Masjid-e-Jamé mosque of the city of Urmia in northwest Iran after Iranian Revolution., member of the Islamic Consultative Assembly in the first term from electoral district of Urmia and representative of the Iranian Supreme Leader Grand Ayatollah Ali Hosseini Khamenei in West Azarbaijan Province. | adnkronos.com | 19 December 2009 He has been described as one of the most, if not the most, conservative voices in Iran and Shia Islam world. He is known for the highly challenging religious and political positions taken and his ultimate opposition to Caliphate and Anti-Sunni theories advocated in his controversial Friday sermons, which have reportedly drawn criticism from many of the Sunni leaders, Iranian reformists, Pan-Turkists, radical left organisations, Kurdish nationalists with adherence to Sunni tradition and Southern Azerbaijan patriot movement and been used by "Iranian political satirists in their works." In 2001, articles appeared in the English-language media about a Friday sermon he delivered that condemned the practice of owning and holding small dogs as unIslamic. The New York Times reported him as saying, "I would like to thank the honorable police and judges and all those who worked to arrest dog lovers and to confiscate short-legged dogs in this city," Several years later a crackdown on dogs and dog owners was launched in Tehran. He has also been quoted as saying that "Women who do not respect the hijab and their husbands deserve to die... These women and their husbands and their fathers must die." In 2011 he was reportedly presented with the national "Medal of Bravery", "one of the most significant official medals awarded in Iran," by president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The medal was reportedly awarded for his record of resistance against the Shah’s regime prior to the Islamic Revolution, against the Kurdish opposition in the first years of the Islamic Republic, and for his participation in the Iraq-Iran War. Hassani's devotion to the Islamic Revolution was such that in 1983, several years after the Revolution, he informed authorities of the hiding place of his son, Rashid, a member of the opposition leftist guerilla group Fadayian Khalq, who was then executed by firing squad with Hassani's approval. | insideofiran.org | 5 April 2011 Hassani is quoted as telling an American journalist, "Abraham didn't sacrifice his son, but I did. Even today, I don't regret it." By John F. Burns | nytimes.com | 1 January 2000 As of January 2014, Hassani had two living wives and came instead Mehdi Ghoreyshi. He has seven sons and four daughters. Hassani died on 21 May 2018 at the age of 90.

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Ghulam Rasool Noori

Ghulam Rasool Noori born in Gangoo Pulwama Kashmir is a Shia Muslim alim and cleric from Jammu and Kashmir, India.

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Gib Shanley

Gib Shanley (August 6, 1931 – April 6, 2008) was an American sportscaster, most prominently known as sports director for ABC affiliate WEWS-TV, Channel 5 in Cleveland, Ohio, and as the longtime play-by-play announcer for the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL).

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Girls of Enghelab Street

Girls of Enghelab Street (Persian: دختران خیابان انقلاب) is a series of protests against compulsory hijab in Iran began, aided by the use of social media, where users shared the act of the Iranian woman Vida Movahed (ویدا موحد), known as the Girl of Enghelab Street (دختر خیابان انقلاب), who stood in the crowd on a utility box in the Enghelab Street (Revolution Street) of Tehran on 27 December 2017, tied her hijab, a white headscarf to a stick, and waved it to the crowd as a flag.

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God Is Not Great

God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything is a 2007 book by Anglo-American author and journalist Christopher Hitchens, in which he makes a case against organized religion.

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Gohar Dashti

Gohar Dashti (born 1980 in Ahvaz, Iran) is an Iranian photographer and video artist who lives and works in Tehran. The dominant theme in her work is her native country, particularly its unique topography and history of violence. Her work has traveled internationally and she has had many solo exhibitions. She studied photography at the University of Tehran and graduated with an M.A. in 2005. During her studies and throughout her life, she noticed the impact the Iran-Iraq War had on her country. Though the war ended in 1988, the country is still in the process of rebuilding. Dashti's earlier work looks at the lasting marks that were caused by the war, not only at the violence but also at the stories of the people and the land. In this way, she is considered to be a conflict photographer, but her work contrasts with the stark photojournalism that often is produced to represent the effect that war has on a country and its people. In 2017, her practice shifted slightly. Dashti began investigating the natural world and the relationship it has to humans. Though the subject matter differs from her earlier work, her practice at its core is still rooted in her country, its culture and her experiences within these.

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Goldasht

Goldasht (گلدشت; formerly, Qaleh Shah (Persian: قلعه شاه), also Romanized as Qal‘eh Shāh, Qal‘eh-ye Shāh, and Ghalehshah meaning "Castle of the King", after the Iranian Revolution, the name was changed to Shahrak-i Imam (Persian: شهرک امام), meaning "City of the Imam" in honor of Ayatollah Khomeini) is a city in the Central District of Najafabad County, Isfahan Province, Iran.

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Grand Mosque seizure

The Grand Mosque seizure occurred during November and December 1979 when extremist insurgents calling for the overthrow of the House of Saud took over Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia.

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Great Satan

The Great Satan (شيطان بزرگ; Shaytân-e Bozorg, Shaytân-e Kabir) is a derogatory epithet for the United States of America in some Iranian foreign policy statements.

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Green Book

Green Book may refer to.

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Ground Forces of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

The Ground Forces of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution, acronymed NEZSA (نزسا), are the force which the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution, also known as Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), maintain in parallel to the regular army of Iran.

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Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist

The Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, also called the Governance of the Jurist (ولایت فقیه, Vilayat-e Faqih; ولاية الفقيه, Wilayat al-Faqih), is a post-Age-of-Occultation theory in Shia Islam which holds that Islam gives a faqīh (Islamic jurist) custodianship over people.

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Gump and Co.

Gump & Co. (or Forrest Gump and Co.) is a 1995 novel by Winston Groom.

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Hadi Khamenei

Hojatoleslam Hadi Khamenei (born 1947) is an Iranian reformist politician, mojtahed and linguist.

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Hafte Tir bombing

On 28 June 1981 (7 Tir 1360 (Hafte Tir – هفت تیر) in the Iranian calendar), a powerful bomb went off at the headquarters of the Iran Islamic Republic Party (IRP) in Tehran, while a meeting of party leaders was in progress.

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Hafte Tir Square

Haft-e-Tir Square is a central cross section in Tehran's central business district.

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Haidar Bagir

Haidar Bagir, (born on February 20, 1957), is an Indonesian entrepreneur, philanthropist, author, lecturer, and the president director of the Mizan Group.

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Hajj and Pilgrimage Organization (Iran)

Hajj and Pilgrimage Organization (سازمان حج و زیارت) of Iran was founded on 1979 and before that Hajj was managed by Ministry of Interior.

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Haleh Afshar, Baroness Afshar

Haleh Afshar, Baroness Afshar OBE FAcSS (هاله افشار; born 21 May 1944) is a British professor and a life peer in the House of Lords.

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Hamid Algar

Hamid Algar (born 1940) is a British-American Professor Emeritus of Persian studies at the Faculty of Near Eastern Studies, University of California, Berkeley.

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Hamid Bakeri

General Hamid bakeri (1955–1984) was born in West Azerbaijan Province.Before Islamic Revolution he entered opposition groups and begun to struggle against shah regime.he was one of the IRGCs commanders in iran-iraq war.he was killed in Operation Kheibar and his corpse has not been found yet.

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Hamid Hussain Musavi

Hamid Hussain Musavi Kintoori Lakhnavi (1830 - 1880) (Hindi: अयातोल्लाह सय्यिद मीर हामिद हुसैन मुसावी किन्तूरी लखनवी, Urdu: آيت‌الله سیید میر حامد حسین موسوی کنتوری لکھنوی), was a Shia scholar in India.

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Hamid Nadimi

Hamid Nadimi (حمید ندیمی) is the designer of the emblem of Iran.

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Haq Nawaz Jhangvi

Haq Nawaz Jhangvi (حق نواز جھنگوی, Ḥaq Nawāz Jhangvī; 1952 – 23 February 1990) was a Pakistani Sunni Scholar who founded an organization Sipah-e-Sahaba in the 1980s.

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Harold Leavitt

Harold J. Leavitt (1922 – 2007) was an American psychologist of management.

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Harold Rhode

Harold Rhode (born September 19, 1949) is an American specialist on the Middle East.

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Haroun and the Sea of Stories

Haroun and the Sea of Stories is a 1990 children's book by Salman Rushdie.

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Hasan Aghareb Parast

Hasan Aghareb Parast (حسن اقارب پرست) (1946 – 1984) was an Iranian commander in the Ground Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran Army.

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Hasan Bagheri

Hasan Bagheri (حسن باقری, March 16, 1956, Tehran – January 29, 1983, Fakeh) with true name of Gholamhosayn Afshordi was the young commander of Iran in Iran-Iraq wartime.He was the founder of the intelligence department of IRGC and was its first ground force commander.

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Hashem Bathaie Golpayenagi

Hashem Bathaie Golpayenagi (born 1941) is a Grand Ayatollah and a representative of the Tehran Province in Iran's Assembly of Experts.

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Hashem Sabbaghian

Hashem Sabbaghian (هاشم صباغيان; born 1937) is an Iranian politician, humanitarian, democracy activist and former parliament member.

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Hassan Ali Mansur

Hasan Ali Mansur (13 April 1923 – 27 January 1965) was an Iranian politician who was Prime Minister from 1964 to 1965.

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Hassan Ayat

Hassan Ayat (24 June 1938 – 5 August 1981) was an Iranian politician.

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Hassan Habibi

Hassan Ebrahim Habibi (29 January 1937 – 31 January 2013) was an Iranian politician, lawyer, scholar and the first vice president from 1989 until 2001 under Presidents Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and Mohammad Khatami.

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Hassan Khomeini

Sayyid Hassan Khomeini (born 23 July 1972, سيد حسن خمينی) is an Iranian cleric.

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Hassan Modarres

Seyyed Hassan Modarres (سید حسن مدرس c. 1870, Sarabeh, December 1 1937, Kashmar), was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric and a notable supporter of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution.

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Hassan Nasrallah

Hassan Nasrallah (حسن نصرالله; born 31 August 1960) is the third and current Secretary General of the Lebanese political and paramilitary party Hezbollah since his predecessor, Abbas al-Musawi, was assassinated by the Israel Defense Forces in February 1992.

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Hassan Pakravan

Hassan Pakravan (4 August 1911 – 11 April 1979) was a well-known diplomat and minister in the Pahlavi pre-revolutionary government of Iran.

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Hassan Rahimpour Azghadi

Hassan Rahimpour Azghadi (حسن رحیم‌پور ازغدی) (born 1964 or 1965) is an Iranian scholar and theorist and member of Iran's Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution.

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Hassan Rouhani

Hassan Rouhani (حسن روحانی,, Standard Persian:; born Hassan Fereydoun (حسن فریدون) on 12 November 1948) is an Iranian politician serving as the current and seventh President of Iran since 3 August 2013.

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Hassan Zia-Zarifi

Hassan Zia-Zarifi (حسن ضیاظریفی; 1939 – 1975) was an Iranian intellectual and one of the ideological founders of the communist guerrilla movement in Iran.

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Hawkes Bay case

The Hawkes Bay case, as it is known, was an event which took place on February 1983, in Hawke's Bay in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.

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Hazarajat

The Hazarajat (هزاره‌جات) or Hazaristan (هزارستان) is a regional name for the territory inhabited by the Hazara people, which lies in the central and southern highlands of Afghanistan, among the Koh-i-Baba mountains and the western extremities of the Hindu Kush.

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Hazaras

The Hazaras (هزاره, آزره) are an ethnic group native to the region of Hazarajat in central Afghanistan, speaking the Hazaragi variant of Dari, itself an eastern variety of Persian and one of the two official languages of Afghanistan.

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Hedayatollah Hatami

Hedayatollah Hatami (c. 1914 - September 1988) was an Iranian man who was allegedly hanged during the 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners.

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Hedieh Tehrani

Hedieh Tehrani (هديه تهرانی., born 25 June 1972 in Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian actress.

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Hezbollah

Hezbollah (pronounced; حزب الله, literally "Party of Allah" or "Party of God")—also transliterated Hizbullah, Hizballah, etc.

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Hezbollah (Iran)

Hezbollah (lit) is an Iranian movement formed at the time of the Iranian Revolution to assist the Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his forces in consolidating power.

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Hezbollah Al-Hejaz

Hezbollah Al-Hejaz (حزب الله الحجاز; literally Party of God in the Hejaz), Hizbollah in the Hijaz or the Saudi Hizbollah, is a militant organization operating in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Bahrain. It is a Shia organization founded in May 1987 in Saudi Arabia’s Eastern Province. It is pro-Khomeini as opposed to the pro-Shirazi Organization for the Islamic Revolution in the Arabian Peninsula (OIR; Munazzamat al-Thawra al-Islamiyya). It is outlawed in Saudi Arabia, being designated as a terrorist organization by the kingdom's government on 7 March 2014.

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Higher education in Iran

Iran has a large network of private, public, and state affiliated universities offering degrees in higher education.

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History of children in the military

Children in the military are children (defined by the Convention on the Rights of the Child as persons under the age of 18) who are associated with military organizations, such as state armed forces and non-state armed groups.

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History of Hezbollah

Hezbollah originated within the Shia block of Lebanon society.

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History of Iran

The history of Iran, commonly also known as Persia in the Western world, is intertwined with the history of a larger region, also to an extent known as Greater Iran, comprising the area from Anatolia, the Bosphorus, and Egypt in the west to the borders of Ancient India and the Syr Darya in the east, and from the Caucasus and the Eurasian Steppe in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman in the south.

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History of Islam

The history of Islam concerns the political, social,economic and cultural developments of the Islamic civilization.

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History of Khuzestan Province

The history of Khuzestan Province, a province in southwestern Iran, extends from the ancient pre-Aryan Elamite civilization to the modern day Islamic Republic.

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History of terrorism

The history of terrorism is a history of well-known and historically significant individuals, entities, and incidents associated, whether rightly or wrongly, with terrorism.

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History of the Central Intelligence Agency

The United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was created on July 26, when Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act of 1947 into law.

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History of the Iranian Air Force

The history of the Iranian Air Force can be divided into two phases—before the Islamic Revolution, and after it.

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History of the Islamic Republic of Iran

One of the most dramatic changes in government in Iran's history was seen with the 1979 Iranian Revolution where Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was overthrown and replaced by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

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History of the Jews in Iran

The beginnings of Jewish history in Iran date back to late biblical times.

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History of the United States National Security Council 1977–81

This article is about the history of the United States National Security Council during the Carter Administration, 1977–81.

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Hitoshi Igarashi

was a Japanese scholar of Arabic and Persian literature and history and the Japanese translator of Salman Rushdie's novel The Satanic Verses.

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Hizb-i-Wahdat

Hizb-e Wahdat-e Islami Afghanistan (حزب وحدت اسلامی افغانستان; "the Islamic Unity Party of Afghanistan"), shortened to Hizb-e Wahdat (حزب وحدت), was founded in 1989.

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Hojjatieh

Anjoman-e Hojjatieh, also called The Hojjatieh Society (Allah's Proof Over Creation), is a traditionalist Iranian Shi'a lay religious organization that promotes orthodoxy through non-violent evangelism.

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Homafaran allegiance

Homafaran allegiance (بیعت همافران) is a historical photo that was captured by Abdol-Hussein Partovi on 7 February 1979 in Alavi institute.

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Hosein Alam-alhoda

General Hossein Alam-alhoda (Persian: حسین علم الهدی; 8 July 1958 – 5 January 1981) was born in Ahvaz, Iran.

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Hossein Fardoust

Hossein Fardoust (1917 – 18 May 1987) was a childhood friend of the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and served for ten years as deputy head of SAVAK, the powerful Iranian intelligence agency.

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Hossein Kharrazi

Major General Hossein Kharrazi (حسین خرازی) (1957 – 27 February 1987) was the commander of IRGC's 14th Imam Hussein Division during Iran-Iraq War.

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Hossein Mazaheri

Hossein Mazaheri (1934–2017) is an Iranian Shia Marja.

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Hossein Noori Hamedani

Grand Ayatollah Hossein Noori-Hamedani (born 1925) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja. Nuri-Hamadani has been called a "hard-line cleric," who has expressed his strong disapproval of Sufis and dervishes, Jews, the intellectual Abdolkarim Soroush and the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. Hosein Nuri-Hamadani was born in Hamadan, Iran. After finishing elementary studies in Hamadan, at the age of 17 he moved to Qom, Iran to continue his religious studies. He studied in the seminaries of Allameh Tabatabai and Grand Ayatollah Borujerdi. He currently resides and teaches in the Seminary of Qom.

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House October Surprise Task Force

The House October Surprise Task Force (formally Task Force of the Committee on Foreign Affairs to Investigate Certain Allegations Concerning the Holding of Americans as Hostages by Iran in 1980) was a task force instituted by the United States House of Representatives in 1992 to examine the October Surprise allegations: that during the 1980 United States presidential election the Reagan campaign had sought to negotiate a solution to the Iran hostage crisis in competition to the US government of Jimmy Carter, in order to prevent the successful resolution of the crisis giving Carter an electoral boost.

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House of Saddam

House of Saddam is a 2008 drama that charted the rise and fall of Saddam Hussein.

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Houthis

The Houthis (الحوثيون al-Ḥūthiyyūn), officially called Ansar Allah (أنصار الله "Supporters of God"), are members of an Islamic religious-political-armed movement that emerged from Sa'dah in northern Yemen in the 1990s.

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Howard Hart

Howard Phillips Hart (born as Howard Lester Phillips, Jr.; October 16, 1940 – April 30, 2017) was an American Central Intelligence Agency officer.

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Hugh MacDonald (Scottish politician)

Hugh MacDonald (11 July 1929 – 3 December 2013), also known as Uisdean MacDonald, was a Scottish nationalist activist.

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Human capital flight from Iran

According to the International Monetary Fund, the Islamic Republic of Iran had a substantial drain of highly educated individuals (15 percent) in the early 1990s.

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Human rights in Iran

The state of human rights in Iran has been criticized both by Iranians and international human rights activists, writers, and NGOs since long before the formation of the current state of Iran.

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Human rights in the Imperial State of Iran

The Imperial state of Iran, the government of Iran during the Pahlavi dynasty, lasted from 1925 to 1979.

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Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran

The state of human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran has been criticized both by Iranians and international human right activists, writers, and NGOs.

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Human rights literature

Human rights literature is a literary genre that deals with human rights issues, and thus - directly or indirectly - promotes values of human rights.

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Hussein al-Musawi

Husayn Al-Musawi (also Hussein Musawi) is a Lebanese who founded the now-dissolved pro-Iranian Islamist militia Islamic Amal in 1982.

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Hussein Khomeini

Hojatoleslam Sayyid Hussein Khomeini (in Persian: حسین خمینی) (born 1959) is an Iranian scholar and reformist cleric.

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Hussein-Ali Montazeri

Hussein-Ali Montazeri (24 September 1922 – 19 December 2009; حسینعلی منتظری&lrm) was an Iranian Shia Islamic theologian, Islamic democracy advocate, writer and human rights activist.

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HyperNormalisation

HyperNormalisation is a 2016 BBC documentary by British filmmaker Adam Curtis.

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Ibrahim Zakzaky

Ibrahim Yaqoub El Zakzaky (alternately Ibraheem Zakzaky; Ibrahim Al-Zakzaky) (born May 5, 1953) is an outspoken and foremost Shi'a Muslim cleric in Nigeria.

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Ideology of Hezbollah

The ideology of Hezbollah has been summarized as Shiite radicalism.

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Ideology of the Iranian Revolution

The ideology of the Iranian Revolution has been called a "complex combination" of nationalism, political populism, and Shia Islamic "religious radicalism".

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Ijtihad

Ijtihad (اجتهاد, lit. effort, physical or mental, expended in a particular activity) is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question.

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Imam

Imam (إمام; plural: أئمة) is an Islamic leadership position.

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Imam Khomeini Educational Research Institute

Imam Khomeini Education and Research Institute (also Imam Khomeini’s Educational and Research Institute, Moassesseh-ye Amuzeshi va Pezhuheshi-ye Emam Khomeini) is a Shia Islamic religious educational institute in Qom, Iran.

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Imam Khomeini Memorial Trust, Kargil

Imam Khomieni Memorial Trust, Kargil - Ladakh (امام خومینی میموریل ٹرسٹ کرگل لداخ) is a socio-religious organisation in Kargil, Jammu and Kashmir rendering services in the Ladakh region.

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Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation

The Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (Persian: کمیته‌ی امداد امام خمینی) is an Iranian charitable organization, founded in March 1979 to provide support for poor families.

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Imam's Line

Imam's Line (خط امام) is a term equivalent to the party line approved by the "Imam"—Ayatollah Khomeini in the Iranian revolutionary terminology.

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Imamia Students Organisation

Imamia Students Organization (امامیہ اسٹوڈنٹس آرگنائزیشن پاکستان) is a Shiite Muslim students' organisation in Pakistan.

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In the Dark (Grateful Dead album)

In the Dark is the twelfth studio album by the Grateful Dead.

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Index of Islam-related articles

This is an alphabetical list of topics related to Islam, the history of Islam, Islamic culture, and the present-day Muslim world, intended to provide inspiration for the creation of new articles and categories.

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Index of philosophy articles (R–Z)

No description.

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Insurgency in Balochistan

The insurgency in Balochistan is a guerrilla war waged by Baloch nationalists against the governments of Pakistan and Iran in the Balochistan region, which covers Balochistan Province in southwestern Pakistan, Sistan and Baluchestan Province in southeastern Iran, and the Balochistan region of southern Afghanistan.

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Intelligence Star

The Intelligence Star is an award given by the Central Intelligence Agency to its officers for "voluntary acts of courage performed under hazardous conditions or for outstanding achievements or services rendered with distinction under conditions of grave risk".

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Interim Government of Iran

The Interim Government of Iran (Dowlat-e Movaghat-e Irân) was the first government established in Iran after the Iranian Revolution, and the first nominal republic established in Iran after 2,500 years of Persian monarchy.

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Interim Government of Iran (1979-80)

Council of the Islamic Revolution formed Interim Government on Rouhollah Khomeini's order after resignation of Mehdi Bazargan because of Iran hostage crisis.

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Interim Government of Iran (1981)

The interim government of the Islamic Republic of Iran (21 September 1981 – 29 October 1981) was established after the assassination of Mohammad-Ali Rajai (President) and Mohammad Javad Bahonar (Prime Minister) on 30 August.

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International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist)

The International Communist League (Fourth Internationalist), earlier known as the International Spartacist tendency is a Trotskyist international.

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Interregional Academy of Personnel Management

Interregional Academy of Personnel Management (Міжрегіональна Академія управління персоналом (МАУП), translit.: Mizhrehional'na Akademiya upravlinnya personalom, English acronym: MAUP, also IAPM or IRAPM) is a private higher education institution in Ukraine.

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Interventionism (politics)

Interventionism is a policy of non-defensive (proactive) activity undertaken by a nation-state, or other geo-political jurisdiction of a lesser or greater nature, to manipulate an economy and/or society.

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Iqbal Sacranie

Sir Iqbal Abdul Karim Mussa Sacranie, OBE (born 6 September 1951 in Malawi) served as Secretary General of the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) until June 2006.

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Iran

Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).

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Iran After the Elections conference

The "Iran After the Elections" Conference was a three-day social and cultural conference on reform in Iran organized by the Heinrich Böll Foundation and held in Berlin on April 7 and 8, 2000.

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Iran and ISIL

Iran is an opponent of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), fighting the group in Syria and Iraq.

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Iran and Red and Black Colonization

"Iran and Red and Black Colonization" (ایران و استعمار سرخ و سیاه) was the title of an article written by Ahmad Rashidi Motlagh published in Ettela'at newspaper on 7 January 1978.

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Iran and the West

Iran and the West is the name of a three-part British documentary series shown in February 2009 on BBC Two to mark the 30th anniversary of the Iranian Revolution.

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Iran and weapons of mass destruction

Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, is not known to currently possess weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and has signed treaties repudiating the possession of weapons of mass destruction including the Biological Weapons Convention, the Chemical Weapons Convention, and the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT).

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Iran hostage crisis

The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States of America.

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Iran Scout Organization

Iran Scout Organization (Persian: سازمان پیشاهنگی ایران) was founded in 1925 under the rule of Reza Shah Pahlavi.

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Iran–Contra affair

The Iran–Contra affair (ماجرای ایران-کنترا, caso Irán-Contra), also referred to as Irangate, Contragate or the Iran–Contra scandal, was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration.

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Iran–Iraq War

The Iran–Iraq War was an armed conflict between Iran and Iraq, beginning on 22 September 1980, when Iraq invaded Iran, and ending on 20 August 1988, when Iran accepted the UN-brokered ceasefire.

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Iran–Israel relations

Iranian–Israeli relations can be divided into four major phases: the period from 1947–53, the friendly period during the era of the Pahlavi dynasty, the worsening period from the 1979 Iranian Revolution to 1990, and finally the hostility since the end of the First Gulf War.

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Iran–Pakistan relations

After Pakistan gained its independence in August 1947, Iran was the first country to recognize its sovereign status.

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Iran–Qatar relations

Iran–Qatar relations refer to the bilateral relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the State of Qatar.

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Iran–Russia relations

Relations between the Grand Duchy of Moscow and the Persian Empire (Iran), officially commenced in 1521, with the Safavids in power.

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Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict

The Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict (sometimes referred to as the Iran–Saudi Arabia Cold War or the Middle East Cold War) is the ongoing struggle for influence in the Middle East and surrounding regions between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

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Iran–Saudi Arabia relations

Iran and Saudi Arabia have no diplomatic relations following an attack on the Saudi Embassy in Tehran in 2016.

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Iran–Syria relations

Syria and Iran are strategic allies.

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Iran–United Kingdom relations

Iran–United Kingdom relations are the bilateral relations between the countries of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Iran–United States relations

As of 2018, there are no formal diplomatic relations between Iran and the United States.

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Iran–United States relations after 1979

This article is about the current international tensions between Iran and other countries, especially the United States and Israel.

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Iranian Assembly of Experts election, 1990

The second Iranian Assembly of Experts election was held on October 8, 1990 to elect all 83 members in 24 constituencies.

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Iranian Azerbaijanis

Iranian Azerbaijanis (ایران آذربایجانلیلاری – İran azərbaycanlıları), also known as Iranian Azeris, Iranian Turks, Persian Turks, Azeri Turks, Azerbaijani Turks or Persian Azerbaijanis, are Iranians of Azerbaijani ethnicity who speak the Azerbaijani language as their first language.

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Iranian Constituent Assembly election, 1949

In 1949 a Constituent Assembly was held in Iran to modify the Persian Constitution of 1906.

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Iranian Constitutional Convention election, 1979

Constitutional Convention elections were held in Iran on 3 and 4 August 1979.

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Iranian constitutional referendum, 1989

A constitutional referendum was held in Iran on 28 July 1989, alongside presidential elections.

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Iranian constitutional referendum, December 1979

A constitutional referendum was held in Iran on 2 and 3 December 1979.

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Iranian Cultural Revolution

The Cultural Revolution (1980–1983) (انقلاب فرهنگی.) was a period following the Iranian Revolution, when the academia of Iran was purged of Western and non-Islamic influences (even traditionalist unpolitical Islamic doctrines) to bring it in line with the revolutionary and Political Islam.

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Iranian involvement in the Syrian Civil War

The Islamic Republic of Iran and the Syrian Arab Republic are close strategic allies, and Iran has provided significant support for the Syrian Government in the Syrian Civil War, including logistical, technical and financial support, as well as training and some combat troops.

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Iranian Islamic Republic Day

Iranian Islamic Republic Day (روز جمهوری اسلامی) is Farvardin 12 that known as Ruz e Jomhuri ye Eslāmi.

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Iranian Islamic Republic referendum, March 1979

A referendum on creating an Islamic Republic was held in Iran on 30 and 31 March 1979.

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Iranian Kurdistan

Iranian Kurdistan, or Eastern Kurdistan (Kurdish: Rojhilatê Kurdistanê), is an unofficial name for the parts of northwestern Iran inhabited by Kurds which borders Iraq and Turkey.

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Iranian legislative election, 1980

Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 13 March 1980, with a second round on 9 May.

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Iranian legislative election, 1988

Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 8 April 1988, with a second round on 13 May.

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Iranian legislative election, 1992

Parliamentary elections were held in Iran on 10 April 1992, with a second round on 8 May.

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Iranian legislative election, 2008

Legislative elections for Majlis of Iran were held on 14 March 2008, with a second round held on 25 April 2008.

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Iranian Police Special Units

Special Units Command of NAJA (فرماندهی یگان‌های ویژه ناجا), acronymed YEGUP (یگوپ), is a subdivision of Law Enforcement Force of Islamic Republic of Iran in charge of its special forces.

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Iranian presidential election debates, 2013

The Iranian presidential election debates, 2013 was held from 31 May to 7 June.

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Iranian presidential election, 1980

The First Iranian presidential election was held on January 25, 1980, one year after the Iranian Revolution when the Council of Islamic Revolution was in power.

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Iranian presidential election, 1989

The Iranian presidential election of 1989 took place on July 28, 1989, after the death of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and the selection of Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, the previous President of Iran, as the new Supreme Leader of Iran.

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Iranian presidential election, 2005

Iran's ninth presidential election took place in two rounds, the first on 17 June 2005, the run-off on 24 June.

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Iranian presidential election, July 1981

The Iranian presidential election of July 1981 took place on 24 July 1981 after the previous Iranian president, Abolhassan Banisadr, was impeached by the Majlis on 21 June and then sacked by the Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Khomeini, on 22 June.

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Iranian Principlists

The Principlists (Osul-Garâyân, also interchangeably known as the Iranian Conservatives Open access material licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.

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Iranian referendum, 1963

A referendum was held in Iran on 26 January 1963 by the decree of Mohammad Reza Shah, with an aim to show popular support for him, asking voters to approve or veto the reforms of the White Revolution.

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Iranian Revolution

The Iranian Revolution (Enqelāb-e Iran; also known as the Islamic Revolution or the 1979 Revolution), Iran Chamber.

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Iranian rial

The Iranian rial (ریال ایران Riâl Irân; ISO 4217 code IRR) is the currency of Iran.

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Iranian Space Agency

The Iranian Space Agency (ISA, Persian: سازمان فضایی ایران Sázmán e Fazái e Irán) is Iran's governmental space agency.

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Iranian Spiritual Assembly

As all other National Spiritual Assemblies, the Iranian Spiritual Assembly has its clergy formation defined by Baha'u'llah in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas, and its minimum number of members is 9.

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Iranian Supreme Leader election, 1989

The Supreme Leader of Iran election, 1989 was an indirect election where the Assembly of Experts members voted to choose the second Supreme Leader of Iran.

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Iranians in the Philippines

There is a community of thousands of Iranians in the Philippines, including many international students drawn by the country's low-cost English education.

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Iranium

Iranium is a 2011 documentary film by director Alex Traiman, Written and Distributed by Clarion Fund.

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Iraqi Communist Party (Central Command) (Widhat al-Qa'idah)

Widhat al-Qa'idah was a fraction that emerged within the Iraqi Communist Party (Central Command), named after a publication founded in the mid-1970s by a Central Committee member of the party, Adil Abdul-Mahdi.

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Iraqi nationalism

Iraqi nationalism is the nationalism that asserts that Iraqis are a nation and promotes the cultural unity of Iraqis.

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Irfan

In Islam, ‘Irfaan (Arabic/Persian/Urdu: عرفان; İrfan), also spelt Irfaan and Erfan, literally ‘knowledge, awareness, wisdom’, is gnosis.

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Islam and gender segregation

Gender segregation in Islamic law, custom and traditions refers to the practices and requirements in Islamic countries and communities for the separation of men and boys from women and girls in social and other settings.

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Islam and modernity

Islam and modernity is a topic of discussion in contemporary sociology of religion.

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Islam and Revolution

Islam and Revolution is a two volume set of writings by Ayatollah/Imam Ruhollah Khomeini, which contain a collection of his speeches and writings.

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Islam and secularism

The definition and application of secularism, especially the place of religion in society, varies among Muslim countries as it does among western countries.

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Islam in England

Islam in England is the largest non-Christian religion, with most Muslims being immigrants from South Asia (in particular Bangladesh, Pakistan and North India) or descendants of immigrants from that region.

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Islam in Iran

The Islamic conquest of Persia (637–651) led to the end of the Sasanian Empire and the eventual decline of the Zoroastrian religion in Persia.

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Islam in Jordan

The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is a majority Muslim country with 95% of the population following Sunni Islam while a small minority follow Salafi and Shiite branches.

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Islam-e-Naab

Islam-e-Naab اسلام ناب is a modern term which means "Pure Islam".

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Islamic Association of Students

Anjoman-e Eslami (Islamic Association, also Anjoman-e Eslami-ye Daneshjouyan Islamic Association of Students) is an Islamic student association in Iran that has backed Iranian reformers such as former President Mohammad Khatami and sponsored lectures by Abdol Karim Soroush and other prominent reformists.

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Islamic Coalition Party

The Islamic Coalition Party (ICP; Ḥezb-e moʾtalefa-ye eslāmi) is a conservative political party in Iran that favors economic liberalism.

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Islamic Dawa Party

The Islamic Dawa Party, also known as the Islamic Call Party (حزب الدعوة الإسلامية Ḥizb Al-Daʿwa Al-Islāmiyya), is a political party in Iraq.

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Islamic economics

Islamic economics (الاقتصاد الإسلامي) is a term used to refer to Islamic commercial jurisprudence (فقه المعاملات, fiqh al-mu'āmalāt).

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Islamic extremism

Islamic extremism has been defined by the British government as any form of Islam that opposes "democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance of different faiths and beliefs." Related terms include "Islamist extremism" and Islamism.

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Islamic flags

An Islamic flag is a flag either representing Islam, a concept or person related to Islam, or a state, military force or other entity associated with political Islam.

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Islamic fundamentalism

Islamic fundamentalism has been defined as a movement of Muslims who think back to earlier times and seek to return to the fundamentals of the religion and live similarly to how the prophet Muhammad and his companions lived.

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Islamic Government: Governance of the Jurist

Velayat-e faqih (ولایت فقیه, velāyat-e faqīh), also known as Islamic Government (حکومت اسلامی, Hokumat-i Eslami), is a book by the Iranian Muslim cleric, faqīh, and revolutionary Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, first published in 1970, and probably the most influential document written in modern times in support of theocratic rule.

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Islamic Human Rights Commission

The Islamic Human Rights Commission (IHRC) is a non-profit organisation based in London.

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Islamic Jihad Organization

The Islamic Jihad Organization – IJO (حركة الجهاد الإسلامي., Harakat al-Jihad al-Islami) or Organisation du Jihad Islamique (OJI) in French, but best known as "Islamic Jihad" (Arabic: Jihad al-Islami) for short, was a Shia militia known for its activities in the 1980s during the Lebanese Civil War.

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Islamic leadership

After Muhammad's death, the disputed question of who should be the successor (Caliph) to Muhammad's political authority led eventually to the division of Islam into Sunni and Shia.

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Islamic philosophy

In the religion of Islam, two words are sometimes translated as philosophy—falsafa (literally "philosophy"), which refers to philosophy as well as logic, mathematics, and physics; and Kalam (literally "speech"), which refers to a rationalist form of Islamic philosophy and theology based on the interpretations of Aristotelianism and Neoplatonism as developed by medieval Muslim philosophers.

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Islamic Principlism in Iran

The history of Islamic Principlism in Iran covers the history of Islamic revivalism and the rise of political Islam in modern Iran.

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Islamic republic

An Islamic republic is the name given to several states that are officially ruled by Islamic laws, including the Islamic Republics of Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Mauritania.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Army Day

Islamic Republic of Iran Army Day (Persian:روز ارتش جمهوری اسلامی ایران) is a national holiday of Iran, celebrated annually on April 18.The day of the Iranian Army has been celebrated since 1979.

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Islamic Republican Party

The Islamic Republican Party (IRP; Ḥezb-e Jomhūrī-e Eslāmī, also translated Islamic Republic Party) formed in mid-1979 to assist the Iranian Revolution and Ayatollah Khomeini establish theocracy in Iran.

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Islamic revival

Islamic revival (تجديد, lit. "regeneration, renewal"; also الصحوة الإسلامية, "Islamic awakening") refers to a revival of the Islamic religion.

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Islamic Revolutionary Court

Islamic Revolutionary Court (also Revolutionary Tribunal, Dadgah-ha-e EnqelabBakhash, Shaul, Reign of the Ayatollahs, Basic Books, 1984, p.59-61) is a special system of courts in the Islamic Republic of Iran designed to try those suspected of crimes such as smuggling, blaspheming, inciting violence or trying to overthrow the Islamic government.

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Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) (lit or Sepâh for short) is a branch of Iran's Armed Forces founded after 1979 Revolution on 22 April 1979 by order of Ayatollah Khomeini.IISS Military Balance 2006, Routledge for the IISS, London, 2006, p. 187 Whereas the regular military (or Artesh) defends Iran's borders and maintains internal order, according to the Iranian constitution, the Revolutionary Guard (pasdaran) is intended to protect the country's Islamic Republic system. The Revolutionary Guards state that their role in protecting the Islamic system is preventing foreign interference as well as coups by the military or "deviant movements". The Revolutionary Guards have roughly 125,000 military personnel including ground, aerospace and naval forces. Its naval forces are now the primary forces tasked with operational control of the Persian Gulf. GlobalBearings.net, 15 December 2011. It also controls the paramilitary Basij militia which has about 90,000 active personnel.Abrahamian, Ervand, History of Modern Iran, Columbia University Press, 2008 pp. 175–76 Its media arm is Sepah News. Since its origin as an ideologically driven militia, the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution has taken a greater role in nearly every aspect of Iranian society. Its expanded social, political, military and economic role under President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's administration—especially during the 2009 presidential election and post-election suppression of protest—has led many Western analysts to argue that its political power has surpassed even that of the Shia clerical system. The Chief Commander of the Guardians since 2007 is Mohammad Ali Jafari, who was preceded by Yahya Rahim Safavi from 1997.

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Islamic state

An Islamic state (دولة إسلامية, dawlah islāmiyyah) is a type of government primarily based on the application of shari'a (Islamic law), dispensation of justice, maintenance of law and order.

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Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq

The Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq (ISCI or SIIC) (المجلس الأعلى الإسلامي العراقي Al-Majlis Al-A'ala Al-Islami Al-'Iraqi), (previously the party was known as the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq (SCIRI)) is an Iraqi Shia Islamist Iraqi political party.

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Islamic terrorism

Islamic terrorism, Islamist terrorism or radical Islamic terrorism is defined as any terrorist act, set of acts or campaign committed by groups or individuals who profess Islamic or Islamist motivations or goals.

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Islamic Unification Movement

The Islamic Unification Movement – IUM (حركة التوحيد الإسلامي | Harakat al-Tawhid al-Islami), also named Islamic Unity Movement or Mouvement de Unification Islamique (MUI) in French, but best known as Al-Tawhid, At-Tawhid, or Tawheed, is a Lebanese Sunni Muslim political party.

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Islamic Unity week

Islamic unity week (Persian:هفته وحدت اسلامی) refers to a ceremony held every year both by Sunnis and Shia.

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Islamic views on anal sex

Anal sex (or sodomy) in Islam is anal intercourse between individuals, of either the opposite or the same sex.

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Islamism

Islamism is a concept whose meaning has been debated in both public and academic contexts.

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Islamo-Leftism

Islamo-Leftism (چپ اسلامی, islamo-gauchisme, Islamo-izquierdismo), adjectivally Islamo-Leftist (islamo-gauchistes), is a neologism applied to the political alliance between leftists and Islamists.

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Islamofascism

Islamic fascism (first described in 1933), also known since 1990 as Islamofascism, is a term drawing an analogy between the ideological characteristics of specific Islamist movements and a broad range of European fascist movements of the early 20th century, neofascist movements, or totalitarianism.

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Islamophobia

Islamophobia is the fear, hatred of, or prejudice against, the Islamic religion or Muslims generally, especially when seen as a geopolitical force or the source of terrorism.

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Island of Stability (speech)

Island of Stability was the phrase that Jimmy Carter used to describe the circumstances of Iran under the leadership of the last Shah of Iran, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi.

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Ismael Balkhi

Sayed Ismael Balkhi (سید اسماعیل بلخی) was one of the most prominent reformist leaders in 20th-century Afghanistan.

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Ismah

‘Iṣmah or ‘Isma (عِصْمَة; literally, "protection") is the concept of incorruptible innocence, immunity from sin, or moral infallibility in Islamic theology, and which is especially prominent in Shia Islam.

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Israel's role in the Iran–Iraq war

Israel's support for Iran during the Iran–Iraq war refer to the military support such as arms sales provided by Israel to Iran during the Iran–Iraq War from 1980 to 1988.

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Istishhad

Istishhad (استشهاد) is the Arabic word for "martyrdom", "death of a martyr", or "heroic death".

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Izzy Slapawitz

Jeff Smith (born December 14, 1948), better known as Izzy Slapawitz, is an American retired professional wrestler, manager and color commentator, best known for his time with International Championship Wrestling.

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Ja'far Sobhani

Ayatollah Ja'far Sobhani (جعفر سبحانی) was born in Tabriz on 8 April 1929.

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Ja'fari jurisprudence

Jaʿfari jurisprudence, (Persian: فقه جعفری) Jaʿfari school of thought, Jaʿfarite School, or Jaʿfari Fiqh is the school of jurisprudence of most Shia Muslims, derived from the name of Ja'far al-Sadiq, the 6th Shia Imam.

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Jaghori District

Jaghori (جاغوری) is one of the main districts of the Ghazni province in Afghanistan.

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Jahangir Razmi

Jahangir Razmi (جهانگیر رزمی) (b. December 16, 1947 in Arak, Iran) is an award-winning Iranian photographer and the author of the entry that won the 1980 Pulitzer Prize for Spot News Photography.

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Jalal Al-Din Taheri

Jalal Al-Din Taheri Esfahani (sometimes spelled Jalaluddin Taheri or Jalaleddin Taheri, 1 January 1926 – 2 June 2013) was an Iranian scholar, theologian and Islamic philosopher.

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Jalal Al-e-Ahmad

Jalal Al-e-Ahmad (جلال آل‌احمد; December 2, 1923 – September 9, 1969) was a prominent Iranian novelist, short-story writer, translator, philosopher, socio-political critic, sociologist as well as an anthropologist who was "one of the earliest and most prominent of contemporary Iranian ethnographers".

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Jama'at-e Rabbani

Jama'at-e Rabbani is the Iranian branch of the Assemblies of God, one of the largest evangelical Pentecostal Christian churches.

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Jamaran

Jamaran is a neighbourhood located north of the city of Tehran in Iran.

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Jamiat al-Zahra

Jami'at al-Zahra is the world's main Shia seminary for women.

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Janet Tavakoli

Janet Tavakoli is the President of Tavakoli Structured Finance, Inc., a Chicago-based consulting firm.

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January 1965

The following events occurred in January 1965.

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Javad Fakoori

Javad Fakouri (جواد فکوری, 3 January 1936 – 29 September 1981) was a prominent military official and defense minister of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Javad Shahrestani

Javad Shahrestani (1924 – July 9, 2016) was an Iranian engineer, academic and politician who served as the Mayor of City of Tehran.

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Jihad

Jihad (جهاد) is an Arabic word which literally means striving or struggling, especially with a praiseworthy aim.

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Jihad of Construction

Jihad of Construction or Construction Jihad (جهاد سازندگی Jahād-e Sāzandegī), or simply Jihad (جهاد Jahād) was one of Organizations of the Iranian Revolution.

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John Simpson (journalist)

John Cody Fidler-Simpson (born 9 August 1944) is an English foreign correspondent and world affairs editor of BBC News.

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Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; barnāmeye jāme‘e eqdāme moshtarak, acronym: برجام BARJAM), known commonly as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement on the nuclear program of Iran reached in Vienna on 14 July 2015 between Iran, the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States—plus Germany), and the European Union.

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Joker (character)

The Joker is a fictional supervillain created by Bill Finger, Bob Kane, and Jerry Robinson who first appeared in the debut issue of the comic book Batman (April 25, 1940), published by DC Comics.

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Joseph Anton: A Memoir

Joseph Anton: A Memoir is an autobiographical book by the British Indian writer, Salman Rushdie.

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Judicial system of Iran

A nationwide judicial system in Iran was first implemented and established by Abdolhossein Teymourtash under Reza Shah, with further changes during the second Pahlavi era.

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July 1909

The following events occurred in July 1909.

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Jumu'ah

Jumu'ah (صلاة الجمعة, ṣalāt al-jumu‘ah, "Friday prayer"), is a congregational prayer (ṣalāt) that Muslims hold every Friday, just after noon instead of the Zuhr prayer.

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June 1963

The following events occurred in June 1963.

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June 1981

The following events occurred in June 1981.

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June 3

No description.

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June 4

No description.

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June 5

No description.

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Justin Koumba

Justin Koumba (born 5 April 1947Willy Mbossa and Roger Ngombé, "Qui sont les nouveaux membres du bureau de l'Assemblée nationale ?", Les Dépêches de Brazzaville, 8 September 2007.) is a Congolese politician who was President of the National Assembly of Congo-Brazzaville from 2007 to 2017.

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Kader Abdolah

Hossein Sadjadi Ghaemmaghami Farahani (حسین سجادی قائم‌مقامی فراهانی; born 12 November 1954 in Arak, Iran), better known by his pen name Kader Abdolah (قادر عبدالله), is a Persian–Dutch writer, poet and columnist.

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Kahak District

Kahak District (بخش کهک; formerly Nofel Loshato District) is a district (bakhsh) in Qom County, Qom Province, Iran.

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Kamal Habibollahi

Mir-Kamaloddin Mir-Habibollahi (میرکمال‌الدین میرحبیب‌اللهی) (born 1930 Astara - died 2016 Reston) also known as Kamal Habibollahi (کمال حبیب‌اللهی) was the last Commander of the Imperial Iranian Navy until the Islamic Revolution and was the last under Pahlavi dynasty.

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Karim Sanjabi

Karim Sanjabi (کریم سنجابی; September 1904 – 4 July 1995) was an Iranian politician of National Front.

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Karva Chauth

Karva Chauth is a one-day festival celebrated by Hindu women in Northern India, in which married women fast from sunrise to moonrise for the safety and longevity of their husbands.

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Kashf al-Asrar

Kashf al-Asrar (کشف الاسرار. Kashf al-Āsrār "Unveiling of Secrets") is a book written in 1943 by Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, to respond to the questions and criticisms raised in a 1943 pamphlet titled The Thousand-Year Secrets (Persian: Asrar-i Hazarsala) by Ali Akbar Hakimzadeh, who had abandoned clerical studies at Qom seminary and in the mid-1930s published a modernist journal titled Humayun that advocated reformation in Islam.

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Kate Millett

Katherine Murray Millett (September 14, 1934 – September 6, 2017) was an American feminist writer, educator, artist, and activist.

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Kausar Niazi

Kausar Niazi (کوثر نیازی), born as Muhammad Hayyat Khan and commonly known as Maulana Kausar Niazi (1934–1994), was a Pakistani politician and a religious leader in Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP).

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Kayhan

Kayhan (کيهان, The Cosmos) is a newspaper in Iran.

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Kazem Sami

Kazem Sami Kermani (1935 – 23 November 1988) was Iran's minister of health in the transitional government of Mehdi Bazargan and leader of the Iranian Nation Liberation Movement (''JAMA'').

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Kazem Seddiqi

Kazem Seddiqi (کاظم صدیقی, born 4 March 1951, sometimes with the honorific Hojatoleslam, or Hujjat al-Islam, "authority of Islam", and surname anglicised as Sedighi) is an Iranian scholar and Mujtahid currently serving as Tehran's Friday Prayer Temporary Imam.

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Khadijeh Saqafi

Khadijeh Saqafi (nicknamed Quds of Iran) (1913 – 21 March 2009) was the wife of Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution.

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Khalid Islambouli

Khalid Ahmed Showky Al-Islambouli (خالد أحمد شوقى الإسلامبولى) (15 January 1955 – 15 April 1982) was an Egyptian army officer who planned and participated in the assassination of Egyptian President, Anwar Sadat, during the annual 6th October victory parade on 6 October 1981.

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Khalid of Saudi Arabia

Khalid bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (خالد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود; 13 February 1913 – 13 June 1982) was King of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1982.

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Khojaste Bagherzadeh

Mansoureh Khojaste Bagherzadeh (born 14 March 1947) is the wife of Ali Khamenei, the current Supreme Leader of Iran.

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Khomeini (name)

Khomeini is an Iranian name, derived from the Iranian city of Khomein.

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Khomeini family

The Mousavi Khomeini (موسوی خمینی) family is an Iranian Shi'a Muslim family that is prominent in politics and clergy.

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Khomeini's Boys

Khomeini's Boys is a Channel 4 documentary film centering on the lives of two friends and their families in Iran during the time of the Iran–Iraq War which spanned from 1980 to 1988.

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Khomeini's letter to Mikhail Gorbachev

On 7 January 1989, Ruhollah Khomeini, leader of the Iranian Revolution, sent a letter to Mikhail Gorbachev, the General Secretary of the Soviet Union.

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Khomeyn

Khomeyn (خمين, also Romanized as Khomeīn, Khowmeyn, and Khūmaīn) is a city and capital of Khomeyn County, Markazi Province, Iran.

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Khomeyn County

Khomeyn County (شهرستان خمین) is a county in Markazi Province in Iran.

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Khomeyni Shahr

Khomeyni Shahr (خمينی شهر, also Romanized as Khomeynī Shahr and Khomeynīshahr; from the 1930s until 1979, known as Homāyūnshahr or Homayoon Shahr (همایون‌شهر); known as Sedeh (سده) prior to the 1930s) is a city and capital of Khomeyni Shahr County, Isfahan Province, Iran.

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Khordad

Khordad (خرداد) is the third month of the Iranian calendar.

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Kintoor

Kintoor or Kintur is a village distant 10 miles north-east of Badosarai in Barabanki district famous for battle of Kintoor of 1858 during the Indian Mutiny.

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Kiryas Joel, New York

Kiryas Joel (קרית יואל, Kiryas Yoyel,, often locally abbreviated as KJ) is a village within the town of Monroe in Orange County, New York, United States.

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Kitab al-Kafi

The book Al-Kāfī (The Sufficient Book) is a Twelver Shīʿī ḥadīth collection compiled by Muhammad ibn Ya‘qūb al-Kulaynī.

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Knighthood of Salman Rushdie

In mid-June 2007 Salman Rushdie, the British Indian novelist and author of the controversial novel The Satanic Verses, was created a Knight Bachelor by Queen Elizabeth II.

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Kurdish nationalism

Kurdish nationalism (Kurdish: Kurdayetî, کوردایەتی) holds that the Kurdish people are deserving of a sovereign nation that would be partitioned out of areas in Turkey, northern Iraq, and Syria based on the promised nation of Kurdistan under the Treaty of Sèvres.

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Kurdish population

The Kurdish people live in the historical Kurdistan region, which today is split between Iran, Iraq, Turkey, and Syria. The estimated population is 35 million. A rough estimate by the CIA Factbook has Kurdish populations of 14.5 million in Turkey, 6 million in Iran, about 5 to 6 million in Iraq, and less than 2 million in Syria, which adds up to close to 28 million Kurds in Kurdistan and adjacent regions. Recent emigration has resulted in a Kurdish diaspora of about 1.5 million people, about half of them in Germany. A special case are the Kurdish populations in the Transcaucasus and Central Asia, displaced there mostly in the time of the Russian Empire, who underwent independent developments for more than a century and have developed an ethnic identity in their own right. This group's population was estimated at close to 0.4 million in 1990.

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Kurdish separatism in Iran

Kurdish separatism in Iran or the Kurdish–Iranian conflict is an ongoing, long running, separatist dispute between the Kurdish opposition in Western Iran and the governments of Iran, lasting since the emergence of Reza Shah Pahlavi in 1918.

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Kurdistan Democratic Party

The Kurdistan Democratic Party (Partiya Demokrat a Kurdistanê), usually abbreviated as KDP or PDK, is one of the main Kurdish parties in Iraqi Kurdistan.

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Kurt Waldheim

Kurt Josef Waldheim (21 December 1918 – 14 June 2007) was an Austrian diplomat and politician.

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L'Europeo

L'Europeo was a prominent Italian weekly news magazine launched on 4 November 1945, by the founder-editors Gianni Mazzocchi and Arrigo Benedetti.

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Land of Confusion

"Land of Confusion" is a song by the English rock band Genesis from their 1986 album Invisible Touch.

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Lebanese Civil War

The Lebanese Civil War (الحرب الأهلية اللبنانية – Al-Ḥarb al-Ahliyyah al-Libnāniyyah) was a multifaceted civil war in Lebanon, lasting from 1975 to 1990 and resulting in an estimated 120,000 fatalities.

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Lebanese Resistance Regiments

The Lebanese Resistance Regiments (أفواج المقاومة اللبنانية | Afwaj al-Muqawama al-Lubnaniyya, AMAL), also designated Lebanese Resistance Battalions, Lebanese Resistance Detachments, Lebanese Resistance Legions and Battalions de la Resistance Libanaise (BRL) or Légions de la Resistance Libanaise (LRL) in French, but simply known by its Arabic acronym Amal which means "Hope", were the military wing of the Movement of the Dispossessed or Movement of the Deprived, a political organization representing the Muslim Shia community of Lebanon.

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Lebanon hostage crisis

The Lebanon hostage crisis was the kidnapping in Lebanon of 104 foreign hostages between 1982 and 1992, when the Lebanese Civil War was at its height.

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Legitimacy (political)

In political science, legitimacy is the right and acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or a régime.

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Leonid Shebarshin

Leonid Vladimirovich Shebarshin (Леонид Владимирович Шебаршин; 24 March 1935 – 30 March 2012) became head of the First Chief Directorate of the KGB in January 1989, when the former FCD chief, Vladimir Kryuchkov, was promoted to KGB chief.

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LGBT history in Iran

This article covers the LGBT history of Iran.

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LGBT in Islam

LGBT in Islam is influenced by the religious, legal, social, and cultural history of the nations with a sizable Muslim population, along with specific passages in the Quran and hadith, statements attributed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad.

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LGBT rights in Iran

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Iran face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents.

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Ligue trotskyste de France

The Ligue trotskyste de France is a French Trotskyist group.

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List of Booknotes interviews first aired in 1989

Booknotes is an American television series on the C-SPAN network hosted by Brian Lamb, which originally aired from 1989 to 2004.

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List of Celebrity Deathmatch episodes

This is the list of all the episodes and fights in the claymation series Celebrity Deathmatch.

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List of colleges and universities named after people

Many colleges and universities are named after people.

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List of common misconceptions

This list of common misconceptions corrects erroneous beliefs that are currently widely held about notable topics.

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List of coups d'état and coup attempts

This is a chronological list of coups d'état and coup attempts, from ancient times to the present.

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List of covers of Time magazine (1970s)

This is a list of people appearing on the cover of ''Time'' magazine in the 1970s.

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List of covers of Time magazine (1980s)

This is a list of people and subjects appearing on the cover of ''Time'' magazine in the 1980s.

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List of cults of personality

The cult of personality is a phenomenon that took place in several countries in the world, when a leader or an authority figure creates an idealized or heroic persona that becomes the center of quasi-worshipful adoration among the general population.

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List of current longest-ruling non-royal national leaders

This list of current longest ruling non-royal national leaders is a list of the current living longest ruling heads of nation-states or national governments, who are not royalty, and have served ten years or longer, sorted by length of tenure.

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List of deceased Maraji

This article provides the list of deceased Maraji (plural of Marja, the supreme legal authority or the source of emulation), both current and deceased, followed by Twelver (also known as Imamiyyah) Shia Muslims around the world.

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List of elections and referendums in Iran

This is an overview of all elections and referendums held in Iran since the first time in 1906.

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List of eponyms of airports

This is a list of eponymously named airports.

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List of fatwas

A fatwa (فتوى), is a legal pronouncement in Islam, issued by a religious law specialist on a specific issue.

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List of fictional United States presidencies of historical figures (E–G)

The following is a list of real or historical people who have been portrayed as President of the United States in fiction, although they did not hold the office in real life.

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List of fictional United States presidencies of historical figures (P–R)

The following is a list of real or historical people who have been portrayed as President of the United States in fiction, although they did not hold the office in real life.

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List of films banned in the United Kingdom

This is a list of films that are or have been banned in the United Kingdom.

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List of heads of state and government who died in office

This is a list of heads of state and government who died in office.

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List of heads of state of Iran

This article lists the heads of state of Iran since establishment of the Iran's modern Nation-State on 1501 AD.

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List of incidents of political violence in Washington, D.C.

The following is a list of incidents of political violence in Washington, D.C. This also includes locations which are part of the Washington Metropolitan area.

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List of Iranian commanders in the Iran–Iraq War

This is a list of commanders of the Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran during the Iran–Iraq war (1980–88).

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List of Iranians

This is an alphabetic list of notable people from Iran or its historical predecessors.

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List of Islamic jurists

This is a list of important Islamic Jurists (Faqeeh).

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List of largest funerals

This list of notable funerals represents considerable historical funerals, based on both the number of attendants and estimated television audience.

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List of largest peaceful gatherings

This is a list of the largest historic peaceful gatherings of people in one place for a single event.

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List of marauding terrorist incidents

This is a list of marauding terrorist incidents.

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List of mosques in Iran

This is a list of mosques in Iran.

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List of motifs on banknotes

This is a list of current motifs on the banknotes of different countries.

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List of Muslim leaders and politicians

There is a wide range of Muslim politicians, from theocratic leaders such as Ruhollah Khomeini, dictators such as Saddam Hussein, and democratic leaders such as Benazir Bhutto.

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List of Olympic Games scandals and controversies

The Olympic Games is a major international multi-sport event.

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List of people from Newton, Massachusetts

Newton, Massachusetts has been the home of many notable people.

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List of people on banknotes

This is a list of people on the banknotes of different countries.

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List of People's Century interviewees

The 1995 BBC/PBS documentary People's Century interviewed over one hundred persons who witnessed key events during the 20th century, including several centenarians who could recall the First World War and even earlier.

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List of Peter Simple characters

These are characters created by the columnist Peter Simple (1913–2006) from 1957 onwards.

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List of places named after people

There are a number of places named after famous people.

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List of pre-Islamic Arabian deities

There were many deities in pre-Islamic Arab religion, with the Kaaba alone said to have contained up to 360 idols of many gods and goddesses.

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List of Presidents of Iran

This is a list of the Presidents of the Islamic Republic of Iran since the establishment of that office in 1980.

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List of Prime Ministers of Iran

This is a list of Prime Ministers of Iran from the creation of the office in 1906 during the Persian Constitutional Revolution, until 1989 when the post was abolished after the constitutional referendum.

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List of Shia Muslim scholars of Islam

*Syed Salman Akbar Rizvi (1986-Present).

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List of Shia Muslims

The following is a list of notable Shia Muslims.

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List of state leaders in 1979

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List of state leaders in 1980

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List of state leaders in 1981

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List of state leaders in 1982

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List of state leaders in 1983

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List of state leaders in 1984

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List of state leaders in 1985

No description.

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List of state leaders in 1986

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List of state leaders in 1987

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List of state leaders in 1988

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List of state leaders in 1989

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List of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000)

;State leaders: 1901–1950 – State leaders in the 21st century – State leaders by year This is a list of state leaders in the 20th century (1951–2000) AD, such as the heads of state, heads of government, and the general secretaries of single-party states.

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List of Tehran's Friday Prayer Imams

This list of Tehran's Friday Prayer Imams after 1979 Iranian Revolution contains both permanent and temporary ones.

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List of terrorist incidents in London

This is a list of incidents in London that have been labelled as "terrorism".

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List of terrorist incidents in Saudi Arabia

This is a timeline of the militant incidents in Saudi Arabia, derived from reports in the Saudi media and other sources.

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List of totalitarian regimes

This is a list of totalitarian dictatorships.

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List of Williams College people

This list reflects alumni of Williams College.

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Lists of Maraji

Marja' are the supreme legal authority for twelver Shia Muslims.

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Little Annie Fanny

Little Annie Fanny is a comics series by Harvey Kurtzman and Will Elder.

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Little Satan

Little Satan (شیطان کوچک) (Shaytân-e Kuchak) is a derogatory epithet used for Israel.

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Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani

Grand Ayatollah Lotfollah Safi Golpaygani (born February 20, 1919) is an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja.

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Luise Rinser

Luise Rinser (30 April 1911 – 17 March 2002) was a German writer, best known for her novels and short stories.

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Maher Hathout

Maher Hathout (January 1, 1936 – January 3, 2015) was a leading American-Muslim community leader of Egyptian origin.

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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad (Mahmūd Ahmadinezhād, born Mahmoud Sabbaghian (Sabbāghyān) on 28 October 1956) is an Iranian politician who was the sixth President of Iran from 2005 to 2013.

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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel

Exchanges between Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Israel have demonstrated a strained relationship.

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Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush

On May 8, 2006, Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad sent a missive directly to then United States President George W. Bush that proposed "new ways" to end the dispute over the Islamic Republic's development of nuclear power.

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Mahmoud Ansari Qomi

Mahmoud Ansari Qomi (محمود انصاری قمی) Preachers and scholars in Tehran.

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Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi

Sayyid Mahmoud Hashemi Shahroudi (سید محمود هاشمی شاهرودی, born 15 August 1948) is an Iranian cleric and conservative politician who is currently Chairman of Expediency Discernment Council since 14 August 2017.

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Mahmoud Jafarian

Mahmoud Jafarian (Persian: محمود جعفریان; October 1928 - 13 March 1979) was a high-ranking Iranian politician under the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.

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Mahmoud Kaveh

Mahmoud Kaveh (22 May 1961 – 2 September 1986) was an Iranian commander of the Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution and one of the main figures in Iran–Iraq War.

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Mahmoud Taleghani

Mahmoud Taleghani (محمود طالقانی,; 5 March 1911 – 9 September 1979) was an Iranian theologian, Muslim reformer, democracy advocate and a senior Shi'a cleric of Iran.

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Mahshid Amirshahi

Mahshid Amirshahi (مهشید امیرشاهی) (her surname also spelled Amir-Shay or Amirshahy) (born 9 April 1937) is an Iranian novelist, short story writer, humorist, literary critic, journalist and translator.

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Majid Hassanizadeh

Seyed Majid Hassanizadeh (born 1952) is a professor of hydrogeology at Utrecht University, where he heads the Hydrogeology group at the Faculty of Geosciences.

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Makasib

Kitab al-Makasib or Makasib (lit) is a two-volume Twelver Shi'ah legal manual of Islamic commercial law written on Fiqh by Morteza Ansari.

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Maladera insanabilis

Maladera insanabilis, sometimes colloquially called "Khomeini Beetle", is a species of a beetle in the family Scarabaeidae.

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Manda Zand Ervin

Manda Zand Ervin is an Iranian writer, thinker and human rights activist born in the province of Lorestan, Iran.

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Mansoor Hekmat

Mansoor Hekmat (منصور حکمت; original name Zhoobin Razani; June 4, 1951 - July 4, 2002) was an Iranian Marxist theorist, revolutionary and leader of the worker-communist movement.

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Manucher Mirza Farman Farmaian

Prince Manucher Mirza (1917–2003) was born in Tehran in 1917.

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Manufactured Crisis

Manufactured Crisis: The Untold Story of the Iran Nuclear Scare is a book authored by Gareth Porter, an American historian, investigative journalist, author and policy analyst specializing in U.S. national security policy.

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Mao II

Mao II, published in 1991, is Don DeLillo's tenth novel.

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Mar'ashi Najafi library

The Ayatollah Marashi Najafi Library, in Qom, is the third largest library in Iran, after the Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi, and the Library of Parliament, as well as being the world's third largest Islamic library, with more than 250,000 books, 25,000 of them online.

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Marc Rich

Marc Rich (born Marcell David Reich; December 18, 1934 – June 26, 2013) was an international commodities trader, hedge fund manager, financier and businessman.

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March 1961

The following events occurred in March 1961.

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March 1963

The following events occurred in March 1963.

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Mariam Behruzi

Mariam Behruzi (1945-2012) was an Iranian lawyer and former member of the Iranian Majlis.

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Marianne Wiggins

Marianne Wiggins (born September 8, 1947) is an American author.

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Marina Nemat

Marina Nemat (مارینا نِمت, Марина Немат; born 22 April 1965 in Tehran) is the author of two memoirs about her life growing up in Iran, serving time in Evin Prison for speaking out against the Iranian government, escaping a death sentence and finally fleeing Iran for a new life in Canada.

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Marja'

In Shia Islam, marjaʿ (مرجع; plural: marājiʿ), also known as a marjaʿ taqlīd or marjaʿ dīnī (مرجع تقليد / مرجع ديني), literally meaning "source to imitate/follow" or "religious reference", is a title given to the highest level Shia authority, a Grand Ayatollah with the authority to make legal decisions within the confines of Islamic law for followers and less-credentialed clerics.

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Markazi Province

Markazi Province (fa, Ostān-e Markazi) is one of the 31 provinces of Iran.

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Marriage in Islam

In Islam, marriage is a legal contract between a man and a woman.

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Martin Flood

Martin Flood (born) is an Australian quiz show contestant who competed in the show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?, and participated in the short-lived program The Master.

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Martyrdom in Iran

The concept of martyrdom is understood in the Western world as facing persecution and giving of one's life for a set of beliefs, most often religious beliefs.

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Maryam Faghihimani

Maryam Faghihimani (sometimes written as Faghih Imani) is an Iranian researcher and activist, living in Norway and is the founder and President of the Centre for Cultural Diplomacy & Development (CCDD).

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Marzieh (singer)

Marzieh (Persian: مرضیه), born Ashraf o-Sadat Mortezaie (22 March 1924 – 13 October 2010), was a Persian traditional singer.

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Marzieh Hadidchi

Marzieh Hadidchi (مرضیه حدیدچی., 12 June 1939 – 17 November 2016), also known as Marzieh Dabbaq and Tahere Dabagh, was an Iranian Islamist activist, political prisoner, military commander in the Iran–Iraq War, a politician and representative of Hamedan in the Iranian parliament in the second, third, fourth and the fifth Majles.

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Marzieh Hashemi

Marzieh Hashemi (مرضیه هاشمی; born Melanie Franklin) is an American-born Iranian journalist and television presenter.

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Masoumeh Ebtekar

Masoumeh Ebtekar (معصومه ابتکار; born Masoumeh, Niloufar Ebtekar; 21 September 1960) is current Vice President of Iran for Women and Family Affairs, being appointed on 9 August 2017.

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Masoumeh Ramhormozi

Masoumeh Ramhormozi (معصومه رامهرمزی; born 1965) is an author, scholar, social worker and humanitarian.

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Massoud Behnoud

Massoud Behnoud, (مسعود بهنود, born in Tehran) is a prominent Iranian journalist, historian, and writer.

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Massoud Rajavi

Massoud Rajavi (مسعود رجوی, born August 18, 1948 – disappeared March 13, 2003) is one of the two leaders of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK), alongside his wife Maryam Rajavi.

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Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini

The Mausoleum of Ayatollah Khomeini houses the tomb of Ruhollah Khomeini and his family—his wife Khadijeh Saqafi and his second son Ahmad Khomeini—and some political figures, such as former President Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani, former Vice President Hassan Habibi, Lieutenant General Ali Sayad Shirazi, Iranian Revolution figure Sadeq Tabatabaei, and MP Marzieh Hadidchi.

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Max Headroom (TV series)

Max Headroom is an American satirical science fiction television series by Chrysalis Visual Programming and Lakeside Productions for Lorimar-Telepictures that aired in the United States on ABC from March 1987 to May 1988.

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Maziar Bahari

Maziar Bahari (مازیار بهاری; born May 25, 1967) is an Iranian Canadian journalist, film maker and human rights activist.

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Mehdi Bazargan

Mehdi Bazargan (مهدی بازرگان; 1 September 1907 – 20 January 1995) was an Iranian scholar, academic, long-time pro-democracy activist and head of Iran's interim government, making him Iran's first prime minister after the Iranian Revolution of 1979.

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Mehdi Haeri Yazdi

Mehdi Haeri Yazdi (1923 in Qom, Iran – 1999 in Tehran, Iran) (مهدی حائری یزدی; المهدي الحائري اليزدي) was a prominent Shia Islamic cleric in Iran and the first son of Sheikh Abdul Karim Haeri Yazdi, the founder of Qom Seminary and teacher of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, who became the leader of the Iranian Revolution and founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Mehdi Hashemi

Mehdi Hashemi (1946 – 28 September 1987) was an Iranian Shi'a cleric who was defrocked by the Special Clerical Court.

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Mehdi Karroubi

Mehdi Karroubi (Mehdī Karrūbĩ, born 26 September 1937) is an Iranian Shia cleric and reformist politician leading the National Trust Party.

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Mehdi Rahimi

Mehdi Rahimi (1921 - 16 February 1979) was an Iranian military general.

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Mehdi Shabzendedar Jahromi

Mehdi Shabzendedar Jahromi (مهدی شب‌زنده‌دار جهرمی) is an Iranian Shia jurist and member of the Guardian Council.".

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Mehdi Zeinoddin

Mahdi Zein-eddin (مهدی زین الدین; 1959 – 1984) was an Iranian major general who was killed in the Iran–Iraq War.

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Mehmet Ali Ağca

Mehmet Ali Ağca (born 9 January 1958) is a Turkish assassin and Grey Wolves member who murdered left-wing journalist Abdi İpekçi on 1 February 1979, and later shot and wounded Pope John Paul II on 13 May 1981, after escaping from a Turkish prison.

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Mehrsa Baradaran

Mehrsa Baradaran is a law professor specializing in banking law at the University of Georgia.

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Michael Foot

Michael Mackintosh Foot (23 July 1913 – 3 March 2010) was a British Labour Party politician and man of letters.

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Michael Ledeen

Michael Arthur Ledeen (born August 1, 1941) is an American historian, neoconservative foreign policy analyst, and author with a PhD in philosophy.

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Michael Theodoulou

Michael Theodoulou is a journalist based in Nicosia, Cyprus who reports for the Christian Science Monitor, The Times, National Public Radio, and The Scotsman.

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Michel Castex

Michel Castex (born 1943) is a French journalist and essayist.

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Michel Foucault

Paul-Michel Foucault (15 October 1926 – 25 June 1984), generally known as Michel Foucault, was a French philosopher, historian of ideas, social theorist, and literary critic.

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Mike Wallace

Myron Leon "Mike" Wallace (May 9, 1918 – April 7, 2012) was an American journalist, game show host, actor, and media personality.

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Military operations of the 2006 Lebanon War

Military operations of the 2006 Lebanon War refer to armed engagements initiated by Israel and Lebanese Hezbollah during the 2006 conflict.

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Militia

A militia is generally an army or some other fighting organization of non-professional soldiers, citizens of a nation, or subjects of a state, who can be called upon for military service during a time of need, as opposed to a professional force of regular, full-time military personnel, or historically, members of a warrior nobility class (e.g., knights or samurai).

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Ministry of Intelligence

The Ministry of Intelligence of the Islamic Republic of Iran (Persian: وِزارَتِ اِطّلاعات جُمهوریِ اِسلامیِ ایران Vezarat-e Ettela'at Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran) is the primary intelligence agency of the Islamic Republic of Iran and a member of the Iran Intelligence Community.

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Mir Ahmad Reza Hajati

Mir Ahmad Reza Hajati (Farsi:میراحمدرضا حاجتی) who is famous as Ayatollah Hajati or Hujjat al-Islam Hajati (wal Muslimin) is one of Ahwaz temporary Imam Jom'ah (Imam of Friday).

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Mir-Hossein Mousavi

Mir-Hossein Mousavi Khameneh (Mīr-Hoseyn Mūsavī Khāmené,; born 2 March 1942) is an Iranian reformist politician, artist and architect who served as the seventy-ninth and last Prime Minister of Iran from 1981 to 1989.

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Mir-Hossein Mousavi presidential campaign, 2009

Mir-Hossein Mousavi Khameneh (In Persian: میرحسین موسوی خامنه) served as the last Prime Minister of Iran, from 1981 to 1989, before the position of Prime Minister was abolished in the 1989's review of the Iranian constitution.

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Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai

Mohammad Tabatabai (Persian: آیت الله میرزا سید محمد طباطبائی, also known as Mohammad Sang-e-laji,;Sang-e-laj (سَنگِلَج) is one of the neighbourhoods of the Old Tehran, not far from the Grand Bazar of Tehran. The Sang-e-laj Theatre, one of the oldest theatre halls in Iran, which is still in use, is located in this neighbourhood. For further information, consult the entry ''Sang-e-laj'' in The Persian Wikipedia. 22 December 1842 – 28 January 1920) was one of the leaders of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution who played an important role in the establishment of democracy and rule of law in Iran.

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Mofsed-e-filarz

Mofsed-e-filarz (مفسد فی الارض, also Mofsed fel-Arz, Afsad-i fil Arz, or fasad-fel-arz, المفسد في الأرض Al-Mofsid fi al-Arḏ, also fasad fi 'l-ard) is the title of capital crimes (or the person guilty of them) in the Islamic Republic of Iran, that has been translated in English language sources variously as "spreading corruption on Earth", "spreading corruption that threatens social and political well-being", "corrupt of the earth; one who is charged with spreading corruption," "gross offenders of the moral order",, Paul Sprauchman, and "enemies of God on Earth.".

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Mohammad Ali Araki

Mohammad Ali Araki (محمدعلی اراکی, 22 December 1894 in Arak – 24 November 1994 in Qom) was an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja'.

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Mohammad Ali Esmaeelpoor Ghomsheie

Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Ali Esmaeelpoor Ghomsheiy (Persian: محمد علي اسماعيلپور قمشهاي) (born 1940) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja.

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Mohammad Ali Mousavi Jazayeri

Sayyid Mohammad-Ali Mousavi Jazayeri (سیدمحمدعلی موسوی جزایری) (born 1941) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric.

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Mohammad Beheshti

Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Beheshti (سیّد محمد حسینی بهشتی; 24 October 1928 – 28 June 1981) was an Iranian jurist, philosopher, cleric and politician who was known as the second person in the political hierarchy of Iran after the revolution.

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Mohammad Boroujerdi

Mohammad Boroujerdi (محمد بروجردی, 1955 – May 1983) was an Iranian Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps commander during the Iran-Iraq War.

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Mohammad Ebrahim Hemmat

Mohammad Ebrahim Hemmat (محمد ابراهیم همت b. on April 2, 1955, Shahreza, Isfahan) is an Iranian military leader.

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Mohammad Ebrahim Jannaati

Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Ebrahim Jannaati (محمد ابراهيم جناتی., born 1933 in Shahrood, Iran) is an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja.

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Mohammad Ezodin Hosseini Zanjani

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mohammad Ezodin Hosseini Zanjani (Persian: سید محمد عزالدین حسيني زنجانی) (November 1, 1921 – May 14, 2013) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja'.

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Mohammad Fazel Lankarani

Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Fazel Lankarani (1931 in Qom, Iran — June 16, 2007 in Qom, Iran) was an Islamic Iranian cleric.

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Mohammad Gharazi

Mohammad Gharazi (محمد غرضی, also spelled Mohammad Qarazi) is an Iranian politician who served as minister of petroleum from 1981 to 1985 and minister of post from 1985 to 1997.

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Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani

Mohammad Hashemi Rafsanjani (محمد هاشمی رفسنجانی) is an Iranian politician who has been a member of the Expediency Discernment Council since 1997.

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Mohammad Hossein Fahmideh

Mohammad Hossein Fahmideh, محمدحسین فهمیده) (born 6 May 1967 in Qom – 30 October 1980 in Khorramshahr) is an Iranian war hero and an icon of the Iran–Iraq war. In September 1980, Iraq initiated the invasion of Iran via air and land, sending five armoured and mechanized divisions across the Shatt al-Arab (Arvand Rud) waterway to invade the oil-rich Khuzestan Province in southern Iran, quickly seizing several towns in the area, and, on November 10, attacked the city of Khorramshahr. According to his official biography, Fahmideh was a 13-year-old boy from Qom who, at the outbreak of war in 1980, left his home without his parents knowing to go to southern Iran and aid in the defense of Khorramshahr, the front line of the war. In the besieged city of Khorramshahr, he fought side-by-side with older Iranian soldiers. Fahmideh was among the Iranians who engaged in fierce house-to-house battles in which thousands of Iraqis and Iranians were killed. At one point, Iraqi forces pushed the Iranian troops back as they were passing through a very narrow canal. Due to a lack of RPG rockets and the sensitive formation of the Iraqi tanks, Fahmideh, seeing that his older comrades were already dead or wounded, wrapped himself in a grenade belt from a nearby body, pulled the pins out, and jumped underneath an advancing Iraqi tank, killing himself and disabling the tank. This led the Iraqi tank column to believe that the Iranians had mined the area, ceasing their advance. Later, Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran broadcast a breaking news story describing the incident. His story inspired many Iranians during the war to risk death to save their young republic and has been heralded by leaders in Iran from Ayatollah Khomeini to President Mohammad Khatami. Ayatollah Khomeini declared Fahmideh an Iranian national hero, and made references to him in several of his speeches: Fahmideh is buried in Behesht-e Zahra cemetery in Tehran in section 24, row 44, no. 11.http://www.tebyan.net/newindex.aspx?pid.

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Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah

Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Hussain Fadlallah (also Sayyed Muhammad Hussein Fadl-Allāh; محمد حسين فضل الله; 16 November 1935 – 4 July 2010) was a prominent but controversial Shia cleric from a Lebanese family, but born in Najaf, Iraq, Fadlallah studied Islam in Najaf before moving to Lebanon in 1952.

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Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari

Sayyid Mohammad Kazem Shariatmadari (Məhəmməd Kazım Şəriətmədari, محمد کاظم شریعتمداری), also spelled Shariat-Madari (5 January 1905 – 3 April 1986), was an Iranian Grand Ayatollah.

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Mohammad Khatami

Seyyed Mohammad Khatami (سید محمد خاتمی,; born 14 October 1943) is an Iranian scholar, Shia theologian, and reformist politician.

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Mohammad Maleki

Mohammad Maleki (محمد ملکی, born ~1934) is an Iranian academic and pro-democracy nationalist-religious activist and former president of the University of Tehran.

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Mohammad Mofatteh

Mohammad Mofatteh (محمد مفتح‎; 1928–1979) was an Iranian philosopher, theologian, and political activist, born in Famenin, Hamadan, Iran.

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Mohammad Mofti-ol-shia Mousavi

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mohammad Mofti al-Shi'a Mousavi (Persian: السيد محمد مفتي الشيعة موسوي) (born 1928- died 19 May 2010) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja.

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Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari

Mohammad Mojtahed Shabestari (محمد مجتهد شبستری; born 1936 in Shabestar, Iran) is an Iranian philosopher, theologian, hermeneutist and former professor at University of Tehran.

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Mohammad Mokri

Mohammad Mokri (1921- July 12, 2007) (محمد مکری) was an Iranian scholar (Kurdologist) and author born in Kermanshah.

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Mohammad Montazeri

Abbas Mohammad Montazeri (1944 – 28 June 1981) was an Iranian cleric and military figure.

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Mohammad Mosaddegh

Mohammad Mosaddegh (محمد مصدق;; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician.

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Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha

Mohammad Mousavi Khoeiniha (born 1942) is an Iranian cleric and secretary general of the reformist Association of Combatant Clerics.

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Mohammad Reza Pahlavi

Mohammad Reza Pahlavi (Mohammad Reza Pahlavi,; 26 October 1919 – 27 July 1980), also known as Mohammad Reza Shah (Mohammad Rezā Šāh), was the last Shah of Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979.

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Mohammad Reza Sarshar

Mohammad Reza Sarshar (محمدرضا سرشار), was born on 12 June 1953 in Kazeroun, Iran.

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Mohammad Sadeqi Tehrani

Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Sadeghi Tehrani (Persian: محمد صادقی تهراني) (born 1926 - died March 21, 2011) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja.

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Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mohammad Taqi al-Modarresi (محمد تقي المدرسي) (born 1945, in Karbala, Iraq) is a Grand Iraqi jurist marja', and described as the ‘mastermind’ behind the strategy of the Shiraziyyin, the followers of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Mohammad al-Husayni al-Shirazi.

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Mohammad Tavasoli

Mohammad Tavasoli (محمد توسلی) is an Iranian democracy activist and politician.

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Mohammad Tawhidi

Mohammad Tawhidi is an Iranian-born Australian Muslim scholar.

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Mohammad Yazdi

Mohammad Yazdi (محمد یزدی, born 2 July 1931) is an Iranian cleric who served as the head of Judiciary System of Iran between 1989 and 1999.

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Mohammad-Ali Rajai

Mohammad-Ali Rajai (محمدعلی رجائی; 15 June 1933 – 30 August 1981) was the second President of Iran from 2 to 30 August 1981 after serving as prime minister under Abolhassan Banisadr.

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Mohammad-Javad Bahonar

Mohammad Javad Bahonar (محمدجواد باهنر, 5 September 1933 – 30 August 1981) was a Shia Iranian theologian and politician who served as the Prime minister of Iran for less than one month in August 1981.

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Mohammad-Reza Golpaygani

Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Reza Golpaygani (20 March 1899 – December 9, 1993) was an Iranian Shia cleric and marja.

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Mohammad-Reza Mahdavi Kani

Mohammad Reza Mahdavi Kani (محمدرضا مهدوی کنی., 6 August 1931 – 21 October 2014) was an Iranian cleric, writer and conservative politician who was Acting Prime Minister of Iran from 2 September until 29 October 1981.

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Mohammad-Reza Tavassoli

Ayatollah Mohammad Reza Tavassoli (محمدرضا توسلی) (1931–2008) was an influential Iranian theologian, reformist politician, and a close associate of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

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Mohammad-Taghi Khalaji

Mohammad-Taghi Khalaji (born June 1948) is an Iranian Shia cleric.

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Mohammad-Taqi Mesbah-Yazdi

Taqī Miṣbāḥ (تقی مصباح‌; born Taqī Givečī, تقی گیوه‌چی), commonly known as Muḥammad–Taqī Miṣbāḥ Yazdī (محمدتقی مصباح‌ یزدی, born 31 January 1934) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'i cleric and principlist political activist who unofficially leads Front of Islamic Revolution Stability.

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Mohammed Emami-Kashani

Ayatollah Mohammed Emami-Kashani (born in Bid Aabaad, Isfahan, in 1931) is a member of the Assembly of Experts of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Mohsen Kadivar

Mohsen Kadivar (محسن کدیور, born June 8, 1959) is a philosopher, leading intellectual reformist, and professor of Islamic Studies.

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Mohsen Mirdamadi

Mohsen Mirdamadi (محسن میردامادی, born 1955 in Najafabad, Isfahan) is an Iranian politician.

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Mohsen Rafighdoost

Mohsen Rafighdoost (also Rafiqdoost, محسن رفیقدوست) is an Iranian Revolutionary Guards military officer and politician.

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Mohsen Rezaee

Mohsen Rezaee Mirgha'ed (محسن رضایی میرقائد, born Sabzevar Rezaei Mirgha'ed on 9 September 1954) is an Iranian conservative politician affiliated with the Resistance Front of Islamic Iran and senior military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps who currently holds office as the secretary of the Expediency Discernment Council.

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Mojtaba Khamenei

Sayyed Mojtaba Hosseini Khamenei (سید مجتبی حسینی خامنه‌ای; born 8 September 1969) is son of Ali Khamenei, the Supreme Leader of Iran.

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Mojtaba Tehrani

Grand Ayatollah Agha Mojtaba Tehrani (Persian: مجتبي تهراني) (4 April 1933 – 1 January 2013) was an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja' taqlid, which is described as "a high-ranking Shia cleric who is regarded as a source of emulation".

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Monarchism in Iran

Iranian monarchism is the advocacy of restoring the constitutional monarchy in Iran, which was abolished after the 1979 Revolution.

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Morteza Alviri

Morteza Alviri (مرتضی الویری, born 23 November 1948) is an Iranian politician who served as Mayor of Tehran from 1999 to 2001.

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Morteza Ansari

Morteza Ansari (Morteza Ansari Shushtari Dezfuli) (also transliterated Mortaza Ansari and Murtada al-Ansari) (1781–1864) was a Shia jurist who "was generally acknowledged as the most eminent jurist of the time." Ansari has also been called the "first effective" model or Marja of the ShiaMottahedeh, The Mantle of the Prophet, (2000), p. 210 or "the first scholar universally recognized as supreme authority in matters of Shii law".

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Morteza Avini

Seyyed Morteza Avini (سید مرتضی آوینی; also spelled Aviny; 23 September 1947 – 9 April 1993) was an Iranian documentary filmmaker, photographer, author, and theoretician of "Islamic Cinema." He studied Architecture at Tehran University in 1965.

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Morteza Haeri Yazdi

Morteza Haeri Yazdi (Persian:مرتضی حائری یزدی) was the son of Shia Islam Faqīh Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi.

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Morteza Moghtadai

Ayatollah Morteza Moghtadai (born 12 October 1935 in Isfahan, Iran) is an Iranian Shia scholar, and deputy chairman of Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom.

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Morteza Mohammadkhan

Morteza Mohammadkhan (مرتضی محمدخان, born 2 January 1945) is an Iranian politician and economist who was Minister of Finance from 1993 to 1997 in Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani's second cabinet.

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Morteza Motahhari

Morteza Motahari (مرتضی مطهری; January 31, 1919 – May 1, 1979) was an Iranian cleric, philosopher, lecturer, and politician.

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Mostafa Khomeini

Sayyid Mostafa Khomeini (12 December 1930 – 23 October 1977) was an Iranian cleric and the son of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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Mostafa Pourmohammadi

Mostafa Pourmohammadi (مصطفی پورمحمدی; born 9 March 1960, Qom) is an Iranian prosecutor and politician, who has served at different positions and cabinet posts.

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Mostazafan Foundation

The Mostazafan Foundation of Islamic Revolution (بنیاد مستضعفان انقلاب اسلامی) formerly Bonyad-e Mostazafan va Janbazan (Foundation of the Oppressed and Disabled or "MFJ") is a charitable bonyad, or foundation, in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the second-largest commercial enterprise in Iran behind the state-owned National Iranian Oil Company Originally printed in Forbes, Retrieved 15 May 2009 and biggest holding company in the Middle East.

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Mosul Question

The Mosul Question was a territorial dispute in the early 20th century between Turkey and the United Kingdom (later Iraq) over the possession of the former Ottoman Mosul Vilayet.

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Mousavi (surname)

Mousavi is a surname.

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Muhammad al-Asi

Imam Muhammad al-Asi (Arabic: محمّد العاصي) is the imam who formerly led prayer at the Islamic Center of Washington, and currently spends most of his time teaching and working on the first Quranic exegesis to be written originally in English.

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Muhammad al-Mahdi

Muhammad ibn Hasan al-Mahdī (محمد بن الحسن المهدي), also known as Imam Zaman (امام زمان), is believed by Twelver Shī‘a Muslims to be the Mahdī, an eschatological redeemer of Islam and ultimate savior of humankind and the final Imām of the Twelve Imams who will emerge with Isa (Jesus Christ) in order to fulfill their mission of bringing peace and justice to the world.

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Muhammad Sa'id al-Ashmawi

Muhammad Sa'id al-'Ashmawi (محمد سعيد العشماوى,; 1932 – 7 November 2013) was an Egyptian Supreme Court justice and former head of the Court of State Security.

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Mujahid Abdul-Karim

Imam Mujahid Abdul-Karim (born Benjamin Farmer, December 26, 1944) is an African-American convert to Islam, who is best known for his involvement and "spearheading" of the April 26, 1992 Watts Gang Truce between the four influential rival gangs— Watts Hacienda Village Bloods, Grape Street Watts Crips, Bounty Hunter Watts Bloods, and PJ Watts Crips.

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Mukhannathun

Mukhannathun (مخنثون "effeminate ones", "men who resemble women", singular mukhannath) is Classical Arabic, an ancient antecedent to the modern conception of transgender women.

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Mulla Sadra

Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, also called Mulla Sadrā (ملا صدرا; also spelled Molla Sadra, Mollasadra or Sadr-ol-Mote'allehin; صدرالمتألهین) (c. 1571/2 – 1640), was an Iranian Shia Islamic philosopher, theologian and ‘Ālim who led the Iranian cultural renaissance in the 17th century.

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Musa al-Musawi

Musa al-Musawi (born 1930 in Najaf) wrote polemical, critical and revisionist texts on Shia Islam.

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Museum of the Qasr Prison

The Museum of the Qasr Prison (موزه‌ زندان قصر muze-ye zendān-e qasr) is a historical complex in Tehran, Iran.

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Music, Martinis and Misanthropy

Music, Martinis and Misanthropy is a mellow, neofolk and spoken word album that combines acoustic and electronic instrumentation with brutal, Social Darwinist lyrics and poetry.

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Muslim People's Republic Party

The Muslim People's Republic Party (MPRP) or Islamic People's Republican Party (IPRP; Ḥezb-e jomhuri-e ḵalq-e mosalmān-e Irān) was a short-lived party associated with Shia Islamic cleric Shariatmadari.

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Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line

The Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line (دانشجویان مسلمان پیرو خط امام Dânešjuyân Mosalmân Piru Xatt Emâm), also called the Muslim Students of the Imam Khomeini Line, was an Iranian student group that occupied the U.S. embassy in Tehran on 4 November 1979.

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Muslim world

The terms Muslim world and Islamic world commonly refer to the unified Islamic community (Ummah), consisting of all those who adhere to the religion of Islam, or to societies where Islam is practiced.

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Nader Mahdavi

Nader Mahdavi (نادر مهدوی) or Hossein Basria (حسین بسریا) was an Army of the Guardians of the Islamic Revolution naval commander who fought against United States naval forces and cruisers on 24 July 1987.

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Naeimeh Eshraghi

Naeimeh Eshraghi (Persian: نعیمه اشراقی) (born 1965) is an Iranian politician who is from the family of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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Naguib Mahfouz

Naguib Mahfouz (نجيب محفوظ,; December 11, 1911 – August 30, 2006) was an Egyptian writer who won the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature.

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Najaf

Najaf (اَلـنَّـجَـف; BGN: An-Najaf) or An Najaf Al Ashraf (النّجف الأشرف) is a city in central-south Iraq about 160 km (100 mi) south of Baghdad.

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Nathan Gonzalez

Nathan Gonzalez (born in 1979) is an American scholar, author and journalist based in Orange County, California.

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National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran

The "National Anthem of the Islamic Republic of Iran" (Sorude Melliye Jomhuriye Eslâmiye Irân) was composed by Hassan Riyahi, with words written by Aiadan Maroni.

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National Council of Resistance of Iran

The National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI; Šurā-ye melli-e moqāwemat-e Īrān) is an Iranian political organization based in France.

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National day of mourning

A national day of mourning is a day marked by mourning and memorial activities observed among the majority of a country's populace.

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National Front (Iran)

The National Front of Iran (Jebha-ye Mellī-e Īrān) is an opposition political organization in Iran, founded by Mohammad Mosaddegh in 1949.

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National Iranian Oil Company

The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC; شرکت ملّی نفت ایران Sherkat-e Melli-ye Naft-e Īrān), a government-owned corporation under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran, is a national oil and natural gas producer and distributor headquartered in Tehran.

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National Islamic Front

The National Islamic Front (الجبهة الإسلامية القومية; transliterated: al-Jabhah al-Islamiyah al-Qawmiyah) was an Islamist political organization founded in 1976 and led by Dr.

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National Rally (France)

The National Rally (Rassemblement national, RN), formerly known as the National Front (Front national,; FN) until 2018, is a right-wing populist and nationalist political party in France.

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Navvab Safavi

Sayyid Mojtaba Mir-Lohi (سيد مجتبی میرلوحی), more commonly known as Navvab Safavi (نواب صفوی), was an Iranian Shia cleric and founder of the Fada'iyan-e Islam group.

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Neauphle-le-Château

Neauphle-le-Château is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.

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Neturei Karta

Neturei Karta (Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: נָטוֹרֵי קַרְתָּא, literally "Guardians of the City") is a religious group of Haredi Jews, formally created in Jerusalem, British Mandate of Palestine, in 1938, splitting off from Agudas Yisrael.

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Nick Griffin

Nicholas John Griffin (born 1 March 1959) is a British politician who represented North West England as a Member of the European Parliament (MEP) from 2009 to 2014.

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Nina Ansary

Nina Ansary (نینا انصاری) (born 1966, Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian–American historian and author best known for her work on women's equity in Iran.

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Noah Mckay

Noah Mckay (born Nasser Talebzadeh Ordubadi ناصر طالب‌زاده اردوبادی; 1956 – February 14, 2009) was an Iranian-American physician and researcher.

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Nobel Prize controversies

After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established the Nobel Prizes.

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Nobel Prize in Literature

The Nobel Prize in Literature (Nobelpriset i litteratur) is a Swedish literature prize that has been awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction" (original Swedish: "den som inom litteraturen har producerat det mest framstående verket i en idealisk riktning").

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Nojeh coup plot

The "Saving Iran's Great Uprising" (نجات قیام ایران بزرگ; acronymed NEQAB, lit) more commonly known as the Nojeh coup d'état (Kūdetâ-ye Nowžeh), was a plan to overthrow the newly established Islamic Republic of Iran and its government of Abolhassan Banisadr and Ayatollah Khomeini.

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November 19

No description.

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November 1964

The following events occurred in November 1964.

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Nowruz

Nowruz (نوروز,; literally "new day") is the name of the Iranian New Year, also known as the Persian New Year, which is celebrated worldwide by various ethno-linguistic groups as the beginning of the New Year.

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Nuclear Alert (Buck Danny)

Nuclear Alert is the thirteenth story arc in Buck Danny, a Franco-Belgian comic book series by Jean-Michel Charlier and.

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Nuclear War (video game)

Nuclear War is a single player turn-based strategy game developed by New World Computing and released for the Amiga in 1989 and later for MS-DOS.

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October 1964

The following events occurred in October 1964.

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Office for Strengthening Unity

The Office for Strengthening Unity (also Office for Consolidating Unity, Daftar-e Tahkim-e Vahdat), is an Iranian student organization created in 1979, and has been described as "the country's most well-known student organization," and "Iran's leading prodemocracy student group".

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Official National Front

The Official National Front (ONF) was one of two far-right groups to emerge in the United Kingdom in 1986 following a split within the National Front.

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Oleg Khvostov

Oleg Khvostov (born 19 October 1972) is a Russian painter, representative of naïve art.

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Omar Abdel-Rahman

Sheikh Omar Abdel-Rahman (عمر عبد الرحمن, Umar 'Abdu r-Raḥman; 3 May 1938 – 18 February 2017), commonly known in the United States as "The Blind Sheikh", was a blind Egyptian Muslim leader who served a life sentence at the Federal Medical Center, Butner in Butner, North Carolina, United States.

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On Wings of Eagles

On Wings of Eagles is a 1983 non-fiction thriller written by British author Ken Follett.

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On Wings of Eagles (miniseries)

On Wings of Eagles also known as Teheran is a 1986 NBC TV miniseries starring Burt Lancaster and Richard Crenna, and directed by Andrew V. McLaglen.

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Operation Dawn 6

Operation Dawn 6 (Operation Valfajr 6 in Persian) was a military operation conducted by the forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran against the armed forces of Saddam Hussein's Iraq.

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Operation Eagle Claw

Operation Eagle Claw, known as Operation Tabas (عملیات طبس) in Iran, was a United States Armed Forces operation ordered by U.S. President Jimmy Carter to attempt to end the Iran hostage crisis by rescuing 52 embassy staff held captive at the Embassy of the United States, Tehran on 24 April 1980.

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Operation Mersad

Operation Mersad (عملیات مرصاد, meaning "ambush") was the last major military operation of the Iran–Iraq War, ending in a decisive victory for Iran.

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Operation Nasr

Operation Nasr, fought in early January 1981, was a major battle of the Iran–Iraq War.

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Operation Nasr 4

Operation Nasr-4 (عملیات نصر ۴) was a successful Iranian offensive in Iraqi Kurdistan.

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Operation Opera

Operation Opera (מבצע אופרה‎‎.), also known as Operation Babylon, was a surprise Israeli air strike carried out on 7 June 1981, which destroyed an Iraqi nuclear reactor under construction 17 kilometers (10.5 miles) southeast of Baghdad.

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Organizations of the Iranian Revolution

Many organizations, parties and guerrilla groups were involved in the Iranian Revolution.

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Oriana Fallaci

Oriana Fallaci (29 June 1929 - 15 September 2006) was an Italian journalist, author, and political interviewer.

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Our Culture, What's Left of It

Our Culture, What's Left of It: The Mandarins and the Masses is a 2005 non-fiction book by British physician and writer Theodore Dalrymple.

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Outlawed terror organisations in Australia

In 2002, as part of the fight against terrorism worldwide, the Australian Parliament passed the Security Legislation Amendment (Terrorism) Act 2002 "enabling Australian governments to deal with organisations involved in terrorism," and empowered the Australian government to list an organisation as a terrorist organisation, and inserted a range of terrorist organisation offences into the Criminal Code Act 1995 (Cth).

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Outlawz

Outlawz (formerly known as Outlaw Immortalz and Dramacydal) was an American hip hop group founded by Tupac Shakur in late 1995 after Shakur's release from prison.

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Outline of Islam

Islam is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion teaching that there is only one God (Allah) and that Muhammad is a messenger of God.

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Pahlavi dynasty

The Pahlavi dynasty (دودمان پهلوی) was the ruling house of the imperial state of Iran from 1925 until 1979, when the 2,500 years of continuous Persian monarchy was overthrown and abolished as a result of the Iranian Revolution.

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Pakistan and the Iran–Iraq War

Since the starting and the ending of the Iran–Iraq War in the 1980s, the foreign policy of Pakistan respectively played a complex role in the conventional settlement of the Iran-Iraq war.

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Pan-Iranist Party

The Pan-Iranist Party (Ḥezb-e Pān Irānist) is a small opposition political party in Iran advocating pan-Iranism.

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Pan-Islamism

Pan-Islamism (الوحدة الإسلامية) is a political movement advocating the unity of Muslims under one Islamic state – often a Caliphate – or an international organization with Islamic principles.

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Penguin Books

Penguin Books is a British publishing house.

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People's Mujahedin of Iran

The People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran or the Mojahedin-e Khalq (Sāzmān-e mojāhedin-e khalq-e irān, abbreviated MEK, PMOI or MKO), commonly known in Iran as Munafiqin ("hypocrites"), is an Iranian political–militant organization in exile that advocates the violent overthrow of the current government in Iran, while claiming itself as the replacing government in exile.

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Persecution of Bahá'ís

Persecution of Bahá'ís occurs in various countries, especially in Iran, where the Bahá'í Faith originated and the location of one of the largest Bahá'í populations in the world.

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Persecution of Zoroastrians

Persecution of Zoroastrians is the religious persecution inflicted upon the followers of the Zoroastrian faith.

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Persian Gulf naming dispute

The Persian Gulf naming dispute is concerned with the name of the body of water known historically and internationally as the Persian Gulf (خلیج فارس), after the land of Persia (the traditional name of Iran).

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Persian Jews

Persian Jews or Iranian Jews (جهودان ایرانی, יהודים פרסים) are Jews historically associated with the Persian Empire, whose successor state is Iran.

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Personal life of Osama bin Laden

Osama bin Laden, a militant Islamist and founder of al Qaeda in 1988, believed Muslims should kill civilians and military personnel from the United States and allied countries until they withdrew support for Israel and withdrew military forces from Islamic countries.

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Peter Jennings

Peter Charles Archibald Ewart Jennings (July 29, 1938August 7, 2005) was a Canadian-American journalist who served as the sole anchor of ABC World News Tonight for 22 years from 1983 until his death from lung cancer in 2005.

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Peter Mayer

Peter Michael Mayer (March 28, 1936 – May 11, 2018) was a British-born American independent publisher who was president of The Overlook Press/Peter Mayer Publishers, Inc., a Woodstock, New York-based publishing company he founded with his father in 1971.

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Peter Oborne

Peter Alan Oborne (born 11 July 1957) is a British journalist and broadcaster.

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Peter Scholl-Latour

Peter Roman Scholl-Latour (9 March 1924 – 16 August 2014) was a German professor, journalist and author.

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Peykar

Organization of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class (Sāzmān-e peykār dar rāh-e āzādī-e ṭabaqa-ye kārgar) or simply Peykar (lit), also called the Marxist Mojahedin, was a secular splinter group from the People's Mujahedin of Iran (PMoI), the largest of Iran's guerrilla groups.

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Peyman Fattahi

Peyman Fattahi (پیمان فتاحی born 1973 in Kermanshah, Iran), also known as Master Elias M. Ramollah (استاد ایلیا میم), is the founder and leader of the El Yasin Community (جمیعت آل یاسین).

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Philosopher king

According to Plato, a philosopher king is a ruler who possesses both a love of knowledge, as well as intelligence, reliability, and a willingness to live a simple life.

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Plastic Keys to Paradise

Some sources hostile to the Iranian government allege that during the Iran–Iraq War (1980–88), Plastic Keys to Paradise were distributed to young Iranian military volunteers by the Islamic Republic of Iran leadership.

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Police state

Police state is a term denoting a government that exercises power arbitrarily through the power of the police force.

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Political aspects of Islam

Political aspects of Islam are derived from the Qur'an, the Sunnah (the sayings and living habits of Muhammad), Muslim history, and elements of political movements outside Islam.

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Political Soldier

Political Soldier is a political concept associated with the Third Position.

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Political thought and legacy of Ruhollah Khomeini

Khomeinism is the founding ideology of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Postdevelopment theory

Postdevelopment theory (also post-development or anti-development or development criticism) holds that the whole concept and practice of development is a reflection of Western-Northern hegemony over the rest of the world.

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Presidency of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani

Presidency of Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani was the 5th and 6th government of Iran after Iranian Revolution.

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Presidency of Hafez al-Assad

Hafez al-Assad served as the President of Syria from 1970 until his death in 2000.

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Presidency of Jimmy Carter

The presidency of Jimmy Carter began at noon EST on January 20, 1977, when Jimmy Carter was inaugurated as 39th President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1981.

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Presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad

The Presidency of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad consists of the 9th and 10th governments of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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President of Iran

The President of Iran (Persian: رییس‌جمهور ایران Rayis Jomhur-e Irān) is the head of state of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Presumption of guilt

Presumption of guilt, in Latin, ei incumbit probatio qui negat, non qui dicit (the burden of proof is on the one who denies, not on one who declares), is the principle that one is considered guilty unless proven innocent.

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Prime Minister of Iran

The Prime Minister of Iran was a political post in Iran that had existed during several different periods of time starting with the Qajar era (when the country was internationally known as Persia) until its most recent revival from 1979 to 1989 following the Iranian Revolution.

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Prime ministership of Mir-Hossein Mousavi

Prime ministership of Mir-Hossein Mousavi were the third and fourth government of Iran after the Iranian Revolution.

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Principlists Pervasive Coalition

Principlists Pervasive Coalition (ائتلاف فراگیر اصول‌گرایان) was one of two main principlist coalitions for the Iranian legislative election, 2008, alongside the United Front of Principlists.

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Prison rape

Prison rape or jail rape is rape occurring in prison.

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Public holidays in Iran

Iran uses three official calendar systems, including the Solar Hijri calendar as the main and national calendar, the Gregorian calendar for international events and Christian holidays, and the Islamic calendar (Lunar calendar) for Islamic holidays.

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Public Law 113-100

Public Law 113-110 is a law that "ban(s) Iran's new United Nations ambassador, who has ties to a terrorist group, from entering the United States." Iran's proposed ambassador, Hamid Aboutalebi, is controversial due to his involvement in the Iran hostage crisis, in which a number of American diplomats from the US embassy in Tehran were held captive from 1979 until 1981.

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Qasem Soleimani

Major General Qasem Soleimani (قاسم سلیمانی, born 11 March 1957) is an Iranian senior military officer in the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) and since 1998 commander of its Quds Force—a division primarily responsible for extraterritorial military and clandestine operations.

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Qatif

Qatif or Al-Qatif (القطيف Al-Qaṭīf) is a governorate and urban area located in Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.

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Qom

Qom (قم) is the eighth largest city in Iran.

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Qom Province

Qom Province (استان قم, Ostān-e Qom), pre-Islamic Komishan/Qomishan, is one of the 31 provinces of Iran with 11,237 km², covering 0.89% of the total area in Iran.

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Qom Seminary

Qom Hawza is the largest Hawza (seminary of traditional Islamic school of higher learning.) established in 1922 by Grand Ayatollah Abdul-Karim Ha'eri Yazdi in Qom.

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Quds Day

Quds Day (Jerusalem Day; Quds is the Arabic name for Jerusalem), officially called International Quds Day (روز جهانی قدس), is an annual event held on the last Friday of Ramadan that was initiated by the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979 to express support for the Palestinians and oppose Zionism and Israel.

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Quran translations

Translations of the Qur'an are interpretations of the scripture of Islam in languages other than Arabic.

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Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima

Raising the Flag on Iwo Jima is an iconic photograph taken by Joe Rosenthal on February 23, 1945, which depicts six United States Marines raising a U.S. flag atop Mount Suribachi, during the Battle of Iwo Jima, in World War II.

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Rants and Incendiary Tracts

Rants and Incendiary Tracts: Voices of Desperate Illumination 1558–Present is a book edited by Bob Black and Adam Parfrey.

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Ras Burqa massacre

The Ras Burqa massacre was a shooting attack in October 1985 on Israeli vacationers in Ras Burqa, a beach resort area in the Sinai peninsula, in which seven, including four children, were killed by Egyptian soldier Suleiman Khater.

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Rashid Massumi

Rashid Abdol Massumi (January 21, 1926 – May 29, 2015) was an Iranian-American cardiologist, and a clinical and academic professor known for early contributions to the field of cardiology.

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Rasoul Montajabnia

Rasoul Montajabnia (رسول منتجب‌نیا; born 13 July 1948 in Shiraz) is an Iranian reformist politician, jurist, vice president and founding member of the National Trust Party (Iran).

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Reactions to the 2017 Tehran attacks

The reactions to the 2017 Tehran attacks include the responses by political and religious leaders, media and the general public, both within Iran, where the 2017 Tehran attacks took place, and from other nations and international organizations.

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Reading Lolita in Tehran

Reading Lolita in Tehran: A Memoir in Books is a book by Iranian author and professor Azar Nafisi.

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Refah School

Refah School is an elementary school for girls in southern Tehran, Iran with historical significance in the Iranian Revolution.

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Regency Council (Iran)

The Regency Council (Šūrā-ye Salṭanat) of Imperial State of Iran, was a nine-members body formed on 13 January 1979 by Mohammad Reza Shah to carry out his duties after he left Iran amidst Iranian Revolution and served as the symbol of his continued claim on power.

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Religion in Iran

According to the CIA World Factbook, around 90–95%.

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Religious censorship

Religious censorship is a form of censorship where freedom of expression is controlled or limited using religious authority or on the basis of the teachings of the religion.

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Religious intellectualism in Iran

Religious intellectualism in Iran (روشنفکری دينی) reached its apogee during the Persian Constitutional Revolution (1906–11).

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Religious offense

Religious offense means any action which offends religious sensibilities and arouses serious negative emotions in people with strong belief and which is usually associated with an orthodox response to, or correction of, sin.

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Rescue at Rigel

Rescue at Rigel is a 1980 science fiction computer role-playing game written and published by Automated Simulations (later known as Epyx).

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Reza Baraheni

Reza Baraheni (رضا براهنی; born 1935 in Tabriz, Iran), is an Iranian, an exiled Iranian novelist, poet, critic, and political activist.

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Reza Fallah

Reza Fallah (1909–1982) was an Iranian businessman and political advisor.

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Reza Zanjani

Ayatollah Seyed Reza Zanjani (born 1902 in Zanjan, died 4 January 1984) was a Shia Iranian cleric who opposed first the autocracy of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and then theocracy that was established by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and his supporters following the Islamic Revolution.

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Riane Eisler

Riane Tennenhaus Eisler (born July 22, 1931) is a cultural historian, systems scientist, educator, attorney, speaker, and author whose work on cultural transformation has inspired scholars and social activists.

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Riba

Riba (ربا,الربا، الربٰوة) can be roughly translated as "usury", or unjust, exploitative gains made in trade or business under Islamic law.

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Richard A. Falk

Richard Anderson Falk (born November 13, 1930) is an American professor emeritus of international law at Princeton University.

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Richard Webster (British author)

Richard Webster (17 December 1950 – 24 June 2011) was a British author.

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Right-wing dictatorship

A right-wing dictatorship (sometimes also referred to as a rightist dictatorship) is an authoritarian (or sometimes totalitarian) regime whose policy could be called right-wing.

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Rita Panahi

Rita Panahi is an American-born Iranian Australian opinion columnist and critic of Islam.

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Roadsinger

Roadsinger (To Warm You Through the Night) is the thirteenth studio album by Yusuf (formerly known as Yusuf Islam and as Cat Stevens).

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Robertson Davies

William Robertson Davies, (28 August 1913 – 2 December 1995) was a Canadian novelist, playwright, critic, journalist, and professor.

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Ronald Reagan

Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989.

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Ronald Reagan in music

The appearance of Ronald Reagan in music includes mentions and depictions of the actor-turned-politician in songs, albums, music videos, and band names, particularly during his two terms as President of the United States.

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Ross Perot

Henry Ross Perot (born June 27, 1930) is an American business magnate and former politician.

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Rudi Carrell

Rudi Carrell (19 December 1934 – 7 July 2006), born Rudolf Wijbrand Kesselaar, was a Dutch entertainer, born in Alkmaar.

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Rudollah Khomeini

No description.

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Ruhollah Khatami

Ruhollah Khatami (28 October 1906 – 27 October 1988) was a senior Iranian cleric in the city of Yazd.

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Ruhollah Khomeini

Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini (سید روح‌الله موسوی خمینی; 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Islam religious leader and politician.

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Ruhollah Khomeini's residency (Jamaran)

Ruhollah Khomeini's residency is the house of Ruhollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in Jamaran village.

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Ruhollah Khomeini's return to Iran

Sayyid Ruhollah Mūsavi Khomeini, 24 September 1902 – 3 June 1989), known in the Western world as Ayatollah Khomeini, was an Iranian Shia Muslim religious leader, philosopher, revolutionary and politician. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution that saw the overthrow of the Pahlavi monarchy and Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death. On 1 February 1979 Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, returned to Iran after 14 years in political exile. Khomeini had been a prominent opponent of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, who had fled the country during the events of the Iranian Revolution. Upon his return, he was greeted by crowds of millions, and within 10 days the revolution would be successful. Khomeini's return and the 10 days following are now celebrated in Iran as the Fajr decade.

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Ruhullah

Ruhullah, also spelled Rouhollah, Ruhollah or Rohullah and in other ways (روح ‌الله. or روح الله or روح‌الله), is a male Muslim given name composed of the elements Ruh and Allah.

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Saïd Amir Arjomand

Saïd Amir Arjomand (Persian: سعید امیر ارجمند) is a Persian-American scholar and Distinguished Service Professor of Sociology at the State University of New York (SUNY) in Stony Brook, Long Island, and Director of the Stony Brook Institute for Global Studies.

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Sabzi (artist)

Mahmood Sabzi,Victoria Giraud, Los Angeles Daily News, November 27, 1996.

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Saddam Hussein

Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي; 28 April 1937 – 30 December 2006) was President of Iraq from 16 July 1979 until 9 April 2003.

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Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations

Saddam Hussein and al-Qaeda link allegations were made by the U.S. government officials who claimed that a highly secretive relationship existed between Iraqi President Saddam Hussein and the radical Islamist militant organization Al-Qaeda between 1992 and 2003, specifically through a series of meetings reportedly involving the Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS).

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Sadegh Ghotbzadeh

Sadegh Ghotbzadeh (صادق قطب‌زاده, 24 February 1936 – 15 September 1982) was a close aide of Ayatollah Khomeini during his 1978 exile in France, and foreign minister (30 November 1979–August 1980) during the Iran hostage crisis following the Iranian Revolution.

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Sadegh Haghighat

Seyed Sadegh Haghighat has graduated in Political Thought from TM University in Tehran, and studied at the Islamic Seminaries from 1981 to 2004.

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Sadegh Khalkhali

Mohammed Sadeq Givi Khalkhali (27 July 1926 – 26 November 2003) (Sādeq Xalxāli) was a Shia cleric of the Islamic Republic of Iran who is said to have "brought to his job as Chief Justice of the revolutionary courts a relish for summary execution" that earned him a reputation as Iran's "hanging judge".

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Sadeq Tabatabaei

Sadeq Tabatabaei (صادق طباطبایی; 25 March 1943 – 21 February 2015) was an Iranian writer, journalist, TV host, university professor at the University of Tehran and politician who served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1979 to 1980.

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Salam (newspaper)

Salam (in Persian سلام lit. Salute) was a Persian newspaper published in Iran.

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Salman Rushdie

Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie (born 19 June 1947) is a British Indian novelist and essayist.

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Satanic Verses

The Satanic Verses incident, known as qissat al-gharaniq (Story of the Cranes), is the name given to the occasion on which the Islamic Prophet Muhammad is said to have mistaken the words of "satanic suggestion" for divine revelation.

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Sattareh Farmanfarmaian

Sattāreh Farmānfarmā'iān (ستاره فرمانفرمائیان December 23, 1921 – May 23, 2012), also Sattareh Farman-Farmaian, was one of the daughters of Persian nobleman Abdol Hossein Mirza Farmanfarma of the Qajar dynasty.

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SAVAK

SAVAK (ساواک, short for سازمان اطلاعات و امنیت کشور Sāzemān-e Ettelā'āt va Amniyat-e Keshvar, literally "Organization of National Intelligence and Security") was the secret police, domestic security and intelligence service of Pahlavi dynasty.

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Saving Hope (book)

Saving Hope: The Long Way to the Arab Spring (إنقاذ الأمل: الطريق الطويل إلى الربيع العربي) is a 2013 non-fiction book by Bahraini cultural critic Nader Kadhim.

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Sayyid Qutb

Sayyid Qutb (or;,; سيد قطب Sayyid Quṭb; also spelled Said, Syed, Seyyid, Sayid, Sayed; Koteb, Qutub, Kotb, Kutb; 9 October 1906 – 29 August 1966) was an Egyptian author, educator, Islamic theorist, poet, and the leading member of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood in the 1950s and 1960s.

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Second inauguration of Hassan Rouhani

The inauguration of Hassan Rouhani as the 7th President of Iran for his second term took place in two rounds, first on Thursday 3 August 2017, when he received his presidential precept from Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, and second on Saturday 5 August, when he was sworn into office in the Parliament of Iran.

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Sectarian violence in Iraq

Sectarian violence in Iraq or the First Iraqi Civil War is a recurring issue throughout the history of the region, since the modern borders of Iraq were mostly demarcated in 1920 by the League of Nations.

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Secularism in Iran

Secularism in Iran was established as state policy shortly after Rezā Shāh was crowned Shah in 1924.

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Sedigh Kamangar

Sedigh Kamangar (Kurdish: سدیق که‌مانگه‌ر; Persian: صدیق کمانگر; April 1946 – September 4, 1989) known as Kak Sedigh was a lawyer and one of the leaders of Komala, a left-wing Kurdish political party.

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Seema Kennedy

Seema Louise Ghiassi Kennedy (born 6 October 1974) is a British Conservative Party politician.

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Self-coup

A self-coup (or autocoup, from the Spanish autogolpe) is a form of putsch or coup d'état in which a nation's leader, despite having come to power through legal means, dissolves or renders powerless the national legislature and unlawfully assumes extraordinary powers not granted under normal circumstances.

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September 1902

The following events occurred in September 1902.

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September 24

No description.

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Sex reassignment surgery

Sex reassignment surgery or SRS (also known as gender reassignment surgery, gender confirmation surgery, genital reconstruction surgery, gender-affirming surgery, or sex realignment surgery) is the surgical procedure (or procedures) by which a transgender person's physical appearance and function of their existing sexual characteristics are altered to resemble that socially associated with their identified gender.

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Sex segregation in Iran

Sex segregation in Iran has a long and complex history firmly grounded in the mullahcracy's dogma of Shiite Islam.

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Seyed Ali Asghar Dastgheib

Seyed Ali Asghar Dastgheib (سید علی‌اصغر دستغیب) is a cleric, Shia jurist and member of the Iranian Assembly of Experts.

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Seyed Esmaeil Mousavi Zanjani

Ayatollah Seyed Esmaeil Mousavi Zanjani (سیداسماعیل موسوی زنجانی, was born 1928 — died 2002) is an Iranian Shiite cleric and politician.

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Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi

Seyyed Ahmad Musavi Hindi (سید احمد مسوی ہندی; born circa 1790, died 1869) was a Twelver Shia Muslim scholar.

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Seyyed Hossein ayatollahi

Seyyed Hossein ayatollahi(Persian:سید حسین آیت‌اللهی) Shiite clergyman, Ruhollah Khomeini Representative in jahrom and Friday prayer was jahrom."".

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Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi

Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Hossein Borujerdi (Luri/Persian:آیت الله العظمی سید حسین طباطبایی بروجردی, transcript Ayatollah al-azmi Seyyed Hossein(e) Tabatabai(ye) Borujerdi) March 1875 – 30 March 1961) was an Iranian Shia Marja' and the leading Marja in Iran from roughly 1947 to his death in 1961.

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Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Borghei Modarres

Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Borghei Modarres; July 2, 1986 is an Iranian linguist, critic, cineast and Religious Scholar.

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Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Movahed Abtahi

Grand Ayatollah Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Movahed Abtahi (Luri/Persian:آیت الله العظمی سید محمد باقر موحد ابطحی) was a Shia Marja', Islamic scholar and author.

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Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Zanjani

Seyyed Mohammad Hosseini Zanjani (سید محمد حسینی زنجانی) (born 1947 - Qom), is an Iranian Shia cleric.

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Sha'baniyah Munajat

The Sha'baniyah Munajat (مناجات شعبانیه) is a supplication attributed to Ali ibn Abi Talib, the first Shia Imam, that invoked in the Sha'ban month.

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Shadi Amin

Shadi Amin (شادی امین) is an Iranian writer and activist.

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Shahab al-Din Mar'ashi Najafi

Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Abul Ma'ali Shahab ad-Din Muhammad Hussain Mar'ashi Najafi (July 21, 1897 – August 29, 1990) (اية الله العظمى السيد شهابالدين الحسينى المرعش) was an Iraqi-born scholar.

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Shahid

Shahid and Shaheed (شهيد, plural: شُهَدَاء; female) originates from the Quranic Arabic word meaning "witness" and is also used to denote a martyr.

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Shahrvand-e-Emrooz

Shahrvand-e-Emrooz (Today’s Citizen in English) was a Persian-language weekly news magazine which was closed down in September 2011.

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Shamseddin Mojabi

Seyed Shamseddin Mojabi (1939 – 29 April 2012) was an Iranian academic, government adviser and political activist.

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Shapour Bakhtiar

Shapour Bakhtiar (شاپور بختیار; 26 June 19146 August 1991) was an Iranian politician who served as the last Prime Minister of Iran under the Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi.

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Shaul Elovitch

Shaul Elovitch (born 1949, Poland) - a Polish-born Israeli businessman and the owner of Eurocom Group, one of the largest private holding groups in Israel.

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Sheikh Hussain Zakiri

Sheikh Muhammad Hussain Zakiri (c. 1940 – 28 July 2016) was an Indian Shia Islamic religious scholar/alim from Jammu and Kashmir, and the founder of Imam Khomeini Memorial Trust, Kargil.

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Sheikhan

Sheikhan (Punjabi Shahmukhi:شیخن) (Punjabi Gurmukhi: ਸੇ਼ਖ਼ਨ) (Hindi: से़ख़न) City is situated in District Chiniot in Punjab province of Pakistan.

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Shemiran

Shemirān (شمیران,, also Romanized as Shemīrān or Šemirân), also known as Shemirānāt (شمیرانات) is the capital of Shemiranat County, Tehran Province, Iran, but is actually located just north of the borders of Tehran County along Chamran Expressway and Sadr Expressway and it is the northernmost district of the city of Tehran.

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Shervin Pishevar

Shervin Pishevar (born 1974) is an Iranian-American entrepreneur, venture capitalist, super angel investor, and philanthropist.

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Shia clergy

In Shi'a Islam the guidance of clergy and keeping such a structure holds a great importance.

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Shia Islam in Pakistan

The Shia population in Pakistan is estimated as being between 5-20% of the country's total population.

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Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia

The government does not conduct census on religion and ethnicity but some sources estimated the percentage of Shiites in Saudi Arabia to 5%Nasr, Shia Revival, (2006) p. 236 and others to 10% of approximately 20 million natives of Saudi Arabia.

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Shia Islam in the Americas

Around the world are living over 200 million Shia Muslims, who make up 20% of all Muslims.

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Shia view of the Quran

The Shia view of the Qur'an differs from the Sunni view, but the majority of both groups believe that the text is identical.

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Shia–Sunni relations

Sunni Islam and Shia Islam are the two major denominations of Islam.

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Sillyworld

"Sillyworld" is the third single from Stone Sour's 2006 album Come What(ever) May.

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Socialism in Iran

Socialism in Iran or Iranian socialism is a political ideology that traces its beginnings to the 20th century and encompasses various political parties in the country.

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Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom

The Society of Seminary Teachers of Qom (جامعهٔ مدرسین حوزهٔ علمیهٔ قم) was founded in 1961 by the leading Muslim clerics of Qom.

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Soheila Fors

Soheila Fors (born 8 February 1967) is an Iranian-Swedish women's rights activist, writer and founder of the Khatoon-foundation for immigrant women.

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Soviet involvement in the Iran-Iraq War

The policy of the Soviet Union towards the Iran–Iraq War of 1980 to 1988 varied, beginning with a stance of "strict neutrality" and moving towards massive military support for Iraq in the final phase of the war.

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Special Clerical Court

Special Clerical Court, or Special Court for Clerics (دادگاه ویژه روحانیت) is an Iranian court system for examining transgressions within the clerical establishment.

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Spitting Image

Spitting Image is a British satirical puppet show, created by Peter Fluck, Roger Law and Martin Lambie-Nairn.

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Spitting Image (video game)

Spitting Image is a video game released in 1989 featuring characters from the Spitting Image puppet show.

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State funeral

A state funeral is a public funeral ceremony, observing the strict rules of protocol, held to honour people of national significance.

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State-sponsored Internet propaganda

State-sponsored internet sockpuppetry is a government's use of paid internet propagandists with the intention of swaying online opinion, undermining dissident communities, or changing the perception of what is the dominant view (often via astroturfing).

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Statements about the persecution of Bahá'ís

Members of the Bahá'í Faith have been persecuted in various countries, especially in Iran, the location of one of the largest Bahá'í populations in the world.

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Student activism

Student activism is work by students to cause political, environmental, economic, or social change.

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Suleiman Khater

Suleiman Mohammed Abdul-Hamid Khater (Arabic سليمان خاطر, also transcribed Soleiman, Sulaiman, Sulayman, Suliman etc.; 1961-1986) was an Egyptian soldier who committed the Ras Burqa massacre of October 5, 1985, when he opened fire on Israeli tourists in the Sinai Peninsula, killing seven of them, as well as an Egyptian police officer.

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Supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali

The supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali (Arabic: دعاء أبي حمزة الثمالي) is a Du'a attributed to Ali Zayn al-Abidin.

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Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution

Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution (SCRC; شورای عالی انقلاب فرهنگی, also translated the Supreme Cultural Revolution Council) is a conservative-dominated body based in Qom, was set up at the time of Ayatollah Khomeini.

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Supreme leader

A supreme leader typically refers to the person among a number of leaders of a state, organization or other such group who has been given or is able to exercise the mostor complete authority over it.

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Supreme Leader of Iran

The Supreme Leader of Iran (rahbar-e mo'azzam-e irān), also called the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution (رهبر معظم انقلاب اسلامی), officially in Iran, called the Supreme Leadership Authority (مقام معظم رهبری), is the head of state and highest ranking political and religious authority in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Surnames by country

Surname conventions and laws vary around the world.

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Susan Sontag

Susan Sontag (January 16, 1933 – December 28, 2004) was an American writer, filmmaker, philosopher, teacher, and political activist.

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Swardspeak

Swardspeak (also known as Bekimon, gayspeak, Bekinese or "gay lingo") is an argot or cant slang derived from Taglish (Tagalog-English code-switching) and used by a number of homosexuals in the Philippines.

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Syed Afzal Haider

Syed Afzal Haider (سید افضل حیدر) (born 1930) is a Pakistani legal figure, who was Pakistan's caretaker Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs minister.

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Syed Aqeel-ul-Gharavi

Ayatullah Syed Aqeel-ul-Gharavi (born 2 February 1963) is an Indian Shia scholar and community activist.

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Syed Jawad Naqvi

Syed Jawad Naqvi سید جواد نقوی is an eminent Pakistani Athnā‘ashariyyah Shia Muslim cleric born in Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in 1952.

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Syed Safdar Hussain Najafi

Maulana Syed Safdar Hussain Najafi (مولانا سید صفدر حسین نجفی) was a scholar and leader of Islam.

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Syyed Abdul Karim Hashemi Nejad

Seyyed Abdul Karim Hashemi Nejad (سید عبدالکریم هاشمی‌نژاد) was an Iranian dissident cleric of the Pahlavi regime who was assassinated after the revolution of 1357.

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Tabriz

Tabriz (تبریز; تبریز) is the most populated city in Iranian Azerbaijan, one of the historical capitals of Iran and the present capital of East Azerbaijan province.

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Taghut

Taghut (ar. طاغوت, ṭāġūt, pl. ṭawāġīt) is an Islamic terminology denoting a focus of worship other than Allah.

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Taher Ahmadzadeh

Taher Ahmadzadeh Heravi (طاهر احمدزاده هروی; 1921 – 30 November 2017) was an Iranian nationalist-religious political activist who held office as the first governor of Khorasan Province after the Iranian Revolution.

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Tahrir al-Wasilah

Tahrir al-Wasilah (تحرير الوسيلة; Exegesis of the Means of Salvation or Commentaries on the Liberation of the Intercession; in تحریر الوسیله Tahrir al-Vasileh) is a book by Ayatollah Khomeini as a commentary on a traditional theological text, and as a guide for Shia Muslims.

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Tajul Muluk

Tajul Muluk (born c. 1971 as Ali Murtadha) is a Shia religious leader of Madura Island, Indonesia.

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Takfir

Takfir or takfeer (تكفير) is a controversial concept in Islamist discourse, denoting excommunication, as one Muslim declaring another Muslim as a non-believer (kafir).

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Tatbir

Tatbir (تطبير), also known as Talwar zani and Qama Zani in Iran and South Asia, is an act of mourning by some of Shia Muslims for the younger grandson of Muhammad, Husayn ibn Ali, who was killed along with his children, companions and near relatives at the Battle of Karbala by the Umayyad Caliph Yazid I. Tatbir is a contested issue among Shia.

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Taxation in Iran

The fiscal year begins on March 21 and ends on March 20 of the next year according to Iranian calendar.

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Tehrik-e-Jafaria

Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan (TJP) (تحریکِ جعفریہ) is a Shia Muslim sectarian religious organization in Pakistan.

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Terrorism in the United States

In the United States a common definition of terrorism is the systematic or threatened use of violence in order to intimidate a population or government and thereby effect political, religious, or ideological change.

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Teymur Bakhtiar

Teymur Bakhtiar (تیمور بختیار; 1914 – 12 August 1970) was an Iranian general and the founder and head of SAVAK from 1956 to 1961, when he was dismissed by the Shah.

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The Adventures of Nero

The Adventures of Nero or Nero was a Belgian comic strip drawn by Marc Sleen and the name of its main character.

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The Ayatollah (football celebration)

The Ayatollah is a football celebration used by fans of Welsh football club, Cardiff City.

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The Battle for God

The Battle for God: Fundamentalism in Judaism, Christianity and Islam is a book by best-selling author Karen Armstrong published in 2000 by Knopf/HarperCollins which the New York Times described as "one of the most penetrating, readable, and prescient accounts to date of the rise of the fundamentalist movements in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam".

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The Cow (film)

The Cow (گاو, Gāv or Gav) is a 1969 Iranian film directed by Dariush Mehrjui, written by Gholam-Hossein Saedi based on his own play and novel, and starring Ezzatolah Entezami as Masht Hassan.

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The Delta Force

The Delta Force is a 1986 American action thriller film starring Chuck Norris and Lee Marvin (in his final film appearance) as leaders of an elite squad of Special Forces troops based on the real life U.S. Army Delta Force unit.

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The Dingo Principle

The Dingo Principle is an Australian satirical comedy series created by Patrick Cook and Phillip Scott which was produced and broadcast by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) in 1987.

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The Enigma of the Shah

The Enigma of the Shah (Persian: معمای شاه mo'ammāye shāh) Iranian historical drama directed by Mohammad Reza Varzi.

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The Golden Cage (book)

The Golden Cage: Three brothers, Three choices, One destiny is a book by Iranian human rights activist Shirin Ebadi.

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The Headless Children

The Headless Children is the fourth studio album by heavy metal band W.A.S.P., released in April 1989 through Capitol Records.

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The House of the Mosque

The House of the Mosque (Het huis van de moskee) is a Dutch-language novel by Iranian writer Kader Abdolah, published in 2005.

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The King of Oil

The King of Oil: The Secret Lives of Marc Rich is a non-fiction book by Swiss investigative journalist Daniel Ammann.

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The Loft Literary Center

The Loft Literary Center is a nonprofit literary organization located in Minneapolis, Minnesota incorporated in 1975.

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The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad!

The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! (also known as simply The Naked Gun) is a 1988 American comedy film.

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The Other Side of the Wind

The Other Side of the Wind is an upcoming film directed by Orson Welles, which was shot between 1970 and 1976.

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The Queen and I (film)

The Queen and I (Drottningen och jag) is a 2008 Swedish-made documentary feature film about Farah Pahlavi, the former Queen and Empress of Iran.

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The Rushdie Affair: The Novel, the Ayatollah, and the West

The Rushdie Affair: The Novel, the Ayatollah, and the West is a book written by historian Daniel Pipes, published in 1990.

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The Satanic Verses

The Satanic Verses is Salman Rushdie's fourth novel, first published in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of Muhammad, the prophet of Islam.

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The Satanic Verses controversy

The Satanic Verses controversy, also known as the Rushdie Affair, was the heated and frequently violent reaction of Muslims to the publication of Salman Rushdie's novel The Satanic Verses, which was first published in the United Kingdom in 1988 and inspired in part by the life of the prophet Muhammad.

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The Shape of Things to Come

The Shape of Things to Come is a work of science fiction by H. G. Wells, published in 1933, which speculates on future events from 1933 until the year 2106.

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The Tehran Times

The Tehran Times is a fashion blog that was founded 2012 by Araz Fazaeli and is considered the first street fashion blog of Iran.

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The Trap (TV series)

The Trap: What Happened to Our Dream of Freedom is a BBC television documentary series by English filmmaker Adam Curtis, well known for other documentaries including The Century of the Self and The Power of Nightmares.

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The World's Greatest Super Friends

The World's Greatest Superfriends is an American animated television series about a team of superheroes which ran from September 22, 1979, to September 27, 1980, on ABC.

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Then They Came for Me

Then They Came for Me: A Family's Story of Love, Captivity, and Survival is a memoir by Iranian Canadian journalist Maziar Bahari with Aimee Molloy, chronicling Bahari's family history, and his arrest and 118-day imprisonment following the controversial 2009 Iran presidential election.

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Thomas Pynchon

Thomas Ruggles Pynchon Jr. (born May 8, 1937) is an American novelist.

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Time Person of the Year

Person of the Year (called Man of the Year or Woman of the Year until 1999) is an annual issue of the United States news magazine Time that features and profiles a person, a group, an idea, or an object that "for better or for worse...

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Timeline of 20th-century Muslim history

No description.

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Timeline of British diplomatic history

This timeline covers the main points of British (and English) foreign policy from 1485 to the early 21st century.

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Timeline of events in the Cold War

This is a timeline of the main events of the Cold War, a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union, its allies in the Warsaw Pact and later the People's Republic of China).

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Timeline of LGBT history

The following is a timeline of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) history.

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Timeline of Qom

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Qom, Iran.

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Timeline of Tehran

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Tehran, Iran.

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Timeline of the 2009 Iranian election protests

Following the 2009 Iranian presidential election, protests against alleged electoral fraud and in support of opposition candidates Mir-Hossein Mousavi and Mehdi Karroubi occurred in Tehran and other major cities in Iran and around the world starting after the disputed presidential election on 2009 June 12 and continued even after the inauguration of Mahmoud Ahmedinejad as President of Iran on 5 August 2009.

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Timeline of the Iranian hostage crisis

This is a timeline of the Iranian hostage crisis (1979–1981), starting from the Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi's leaving of Iran and return of the all hostages to the United States.

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Timeline of the Iranian Revolution

This article is a timeline of events relevant to the Islamic Revolution in Iran.

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Timeline of the presidency of George H. W. Bush

The presidency of George H. W. Bush began on January 20, 1989 when George H. W. Bush was inaugurated as President of the United States, and ended on January 20, 1993.

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Timur Kuran

Timur Kuran is a Turkish American economist, Professor of Economics and Political Science, and Gorter Family Professor in Islamic Studies at Duke University.

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Toilers Party of the Iranian Nation

Toilers Party of the Iranian Nation (Ḥezb-e Zaḥmatkašān-e Mellat-e Īrān; Zaḥmatkašān means proletariat) was a social-democratic political party in Iran.

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Tom Fenton

Thomas Trail Fenton (born 8 April 1930) is a former television correspondent who retired in 2004 after a 34-year career with CBS News.

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Tourist Landmark of the Resistance

The Tourist Landmark of the Resistance, also known as Museum for Resistance Tourism, is a war museum operated by Hezbollah near the village of Mleeta in southern Lebanon.

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Transgender history

Transgender history dates back to the first recorded instances of transgender individuals in ancient civilizations in Asia.

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Transgender rights in Iran

Before the Islamic Revolution in 1979, the issue of trans identity in Iran had never been officially addressed by the government.

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Treehouse of Horror X

"Treehouse of Horror X" is the fourth episode of The Simpsons' eleventh season, and the tenth annual Treehouse of Horror episode, consisting of three self-contained segments.

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Trust (French band)

Trust was a French heavy metal band founded in 1977 and popular in Europe in the first half of the 1980s.

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Tudeh Party of Iran

The Tudeh Party of Iran (lit) is an Iranian communist party.

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Tupac Shakur

Tupac Amaru Shakur (born Lesane Parish Crooks; June 16, 1971September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names Tupac, 2Pac and Makaveli, was an American rapper and actor.

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Turncoat

A turncoat is a person who shifts allegiance from one loyalty or ideal to another, betraying or deserting an original cause by switching to the opposing side or party.

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Twelver

Twelver (translit; شیعه دوازده‌امامی) or Imamiyyah (إمامية) is the largest branch of Shia Islam.

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Type 209 submarine

The Type 209 is a class of diesel-electric attack submarine developed exclusively for export by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft of Germany.

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Ulama

The Arabic term ulama (علماء., singular عالِم, "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ulema; feminine: alimah and uluma), according to the Encyclopedia of Islam (2000), in its original meaning "denotes scholars of almost all disciplines".

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United Against Nuclear Iran

United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI) is a non-partisan, non-profit advocacy organization in the United States that seeks "to prevent Iran from fulfilling its ambition to become a regional super-power possessing nuclear weapons." Along with other advocacy campaigns, the organization leads efforts to pressure companies to stop doing business with Iran as a means to halt the Iranian government's nuclear program and its alleged development of nuclear weapons.

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United States presidential election, 1980

The United States presidential election of 1980 was the 49th quadrennial presidential election.

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United States support for Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War

American support for Ba'athist Iraq during the Iran–Iraq War, in which it fought against post-revolutionary Iran, included several billion dollars' worth of economic aid, the sale of dual-use technology, non-U.S. origin weaponry, military intelligence, and special operations training.

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University of Tehran

The University of Tehran (دانشگاه تهران), also known as Tehran University and UT, is Iran's oldest modern university.

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USS Coral Sea (CV-43)

USS Coral Sea (CV/CVB/CVA-43), a, was the third ship of the United States Navy to be named for the Battle of the Coral Sea.

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USS Kidd (DDG-993)

USS Kidd (DDG-993) was the lead ship in her class of destroyers operated by the U.S. Navy.

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USS Midway (CV-41)

USS Midway (CVB/CVA/CV-41) was an aircraft carrier of the United States Navy, the lead ship of her class.

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Uwais al-Qarni Mosque

Uwais al-Qarni Mosque (Arabic: مسجد أويس القرني) was a Shi'ite mosque in Raqqa, Syria, until it was destroyed by Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant on May 31, 2014.

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Valéry Giscard d'Estaing

Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (born 2 February 1926), also known as Giscard or VGE, is a French author and elder statesman who served as President of France from 1974 to 1981 and is now a member of the Constitutional Council.

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Vilayat-e Faqih

Vilayat-e Faqih (ولایت فقیه, also velāyat-e faqīh), is Persian for guardianship of Faqīh (an Islamic jurist).

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Vladimir Kuzichkin

Vladimir Anatolyevich Kuzichkin Владимир Анатольевич Кузичкин (born 1947) was a Soviet KGB (PGU KGB SSSR) officer, major who defected to the Tehran Station of the British secret intelligence service in 1982.

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Volcano (Jimmy Buffett song)

"Volcano" is a song performed by American popular music singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett.

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Wahhabism

Wahhabism (الوهابية) is an Islamic doctrine and religious movement founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab.

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Wali (Islamic legal guardian)

Walī (ولي, plural ʾawliyāʾ أولياء) is an Arabic word with a number of meanings, including "custodian", "protector", "helper", "a man close to God", or "holy man", etc.

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Walid al-Kubaisi

Walid al-Kubaisi (born February 9, 1958) is a Norwegian-Iraqi author, journalist, translator, film director and government scholar.

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War against Islam conspiracy theory

War against Islam (also called the War on Islam or Attack on Islam) is a conspiracy theory narrative in Islamist discourse to describe an alleged conspiracy to harm, weaken or annihilate the societal system of Islam, using military, economic, social and cultural means.

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We Didn't Start the Fire

"We Didn't Start the Fire" is a song by American musician Billy Joel.

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Whirlwind (novel)

Whirlwind is a novel by James Clavell, first published in 1986.

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White Revolution

The White Revolution (انقلاب سفید Enqelāb-e Sefid) or the Shah and People Revolution (انقلاب شاه و مردم Enqelāb-e Shāh va Mardom) was a far-reaching series of reforms in Iran launched in 1963 by Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and lasted until 1978.

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Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest?

Will no one rid me of this turbulent priest? (sometimes expressed as troublesome or meddlesome priest) is an utterance attributed to Henry II of England, which led to the death of Thomas Becket, the Archbishop of Canterbury, in 1170.

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William Chittick

William C. Chittick (born 1943) is a philosoper, writer, translator and interpreter of classical Islamic philosophical and mystical texts.

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William H. Sullivan

William Healy Sullivan (October 12, 1922 – October 11, 2013) was an American Foreign Service career officer who served as Ambassador to Laos from 1964–1969, the Philippines from 1973–1977, and Iran from 1977–1979.

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William Nygaard

William Nygaard (born 16 March 1943) is the retired head of the Norwegian publishing company Aschehoug.

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William Richard Williamson

William Richard ("Haji") Williamson was an English adventurer who became an oil company representative in the Persian Gulf.

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William Safire

William Lewis Safir (December 17, 1929 – September 27, 2009), better known as William SafireSafire, William (1986).

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Women in Iran

Women in Iran discusses the history, contribution, aspects, and roles of women in Iran.

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Women's education in Iran

Formal education for women in Iran began in 1907 with the establishment of the first primary school for girls.

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Women's rights in Iran

In the Annals of history dating back to the great Achaemenid Empire (2000 – 550 BCE), women in Iran have, for the most part, been subordinate to men.

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Women's rights movement in Iran

The Iranian women's movement (Persian: جنبش زنان ایران), is based on the Iranian women's social movement for women's rights.

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WSFL-FM

WSFL-FM is an FM classic rock radio station located in New Bern, North Carolina that broadcasts to the entire eastern region of North Carolina at 106.5 MHz.

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Yadegar-e-Emam Expressway

Yadegar-e-Emam Expressway is in western Tehran.

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Yadollah Duzduzani

Grand Ayatollah Mirza Yadollah Doozdoozani (Persian: ميرزا يدالله دوزدوزاني) (born 1935) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja'.

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Year Hare Affair

Year Hare Affair (l) is a Chinese webcomic by Lin Chao (Chinese: 林超).

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You (Time Person of the Year)

"You" were chosen in 2006 as Time magazine's Person of the Year.

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Yousef Kolahdouz

Yousef Kolahdouz (December 22, 1946 - September 30, 1981; یوسف کلاهدوز) was an Iranian general during the Iran-Iraq War.

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Yousef Saanei

Yousef Saanei (يوسف صانعى; born 1937) is an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric and politician, a chairman of the Islamic Republic of Iran's powerful Guardian Council from 1980-83.

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Yusuf al-Qaradawi

Yusuf al-Qaradawi (translit; or Yusuf al-Qardawi; born 9 September 1926) is an Egyptian Islamic theologian based in Doha, Qatar, and chairman of the International Union of Muslim Scholars.

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Zafar Bangash

Zafar Bangash (Urdu: ظفر بنگش) is a noted Islamic movement journalist and commentator in Toronto, Canada.

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Zahra Eshraghi

Zahra Eshraghi (translit) (born 1964) is an Iranian activist and former government official who believes in feminism and human rights.

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Zahra Mostafavi Khomeini

Sayyida Zahra Mostafavi Khomeini (زهرا مصطفوی خمینی; born ~1940) is an Iranian politician, and a daughter of Ayatollah Khomeini, the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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Zbigniew Brzezinski

Zbigniew Kazimierz "Zbig" Brzezinski (March 28, 1928 – May 26, 2017) was a Polish-American diplomat and political scientist.

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Zeynab Society

The "Zeynab Society (S.A.A)" (جامعه زینب (س)) is an Iranian traditional principlist all-female political, cultural and advocacy group affiliated with the Front of Followers of the Line of the Imam and the Leader.

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Ziyarat

In Islam, ziyara(h) (زيارة ziyārah, "visit") or ziyarat (زیارت, ziyārat, "pilgrimage") is a form of pilgrimage to sites associated with Muhammad, his family members and descendants (including the Shī‘ī Imāms), his companions and other venerated figures in Islam such as the prophets, Sufi Saints and Islamic scholars.

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Zoroastrians in Iran

Zoroastrians are the oldest religious community of Iran.

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1902

No description.

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1921 Persian coup d'état

1921 Persian coup d'état, known in Iran as 3 Esfand coup d'état (کودتای ۳ اسفند ۱۲۹۹), refers to several major events in Persia (Iran) in 1921, which eventually led to the establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty as the ruling house of the country in 1925.

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1953 Iranian coup d'état

The 1953 Iranian coup d'état, known in Iran as the 28 Mordad coup d'état (کودتای ۲۸ مرداد), was the overthrow of the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh in favour of strengthening the monarchical rule of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi on 19 August 1953, orchestrated by the United Kingdom (under the name "Operation Boot") and the United States (under the name TPAJAX Project or "Operation Ajax").

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1963 demonstrations in Iran

The demonstrations of June 5 and 6, also called the events of June 1963 or (using the Iranian calendar) the 15 Khordad uprising (تظاهرات پانزده خرداد), were protests in Iran against the arrest of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini after his denouncement of Iranian Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Israel.

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1970–79 world oil market chronology

No description.

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1970s

The 1970s (pronounced "nineteen-seventies", commonly abbreviated as the "Seventies") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1970, and ended on December 31, 1979.

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1970s energy crisis

The 1970s energy crisis was a period when the major industrial countries of the world, particularly the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and New Zealand, faced substantial petroleum shortages, real and perceived, as well as elevated prices.

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1975 Algiers Agreement

The 1975 Algiers Agreement (commonly known as the Algiers Accord, sometimes as the Algiers Declaration) was an agreement between Iran and Iraq to settle their border disputes and conflicts (such as the Shatt al-Arab, known as Arvand Rud in Iran), and it served as basis for the bilateral treaties signed on 13 June and 26 December 1975.

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1979

No description.

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1979 energy crisis

The 1979 (or second) oil crisis or oil shock occurred in the world due to decreased oil output in the wake of the Iranian Revolution.

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1979 Herat uprising

The 1979 Herat uprising was an insurrection that took place in and around the town of Herat, Afghanistan in March 1979.

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1979 in Iran

Events from the year 1979 in Iran.

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1979 in Pakistan

Events from the year 1979 in Pakistan.

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1979 in the United States

Events from the year 1979 in the United States.

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1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran

The 1979 Kurdish rebellion in Iran erupted in mid-March 1979, some two months after the completion of the Iranian Revolution.

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1979 Qatif Uprising

The 1979 Qatif Uprising was a period of unprecedented civil unrest that occurred in Qatif and Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia, in late November 1979.

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1979 Revolution: Black Friday

1979 Revolution: Black Friday is an adventure interactive drama video game developed and published by iNK Studios, with assistance from by N-Fusion Interactive.

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1979 U.S. embassy burning in Islamabad

On 21 November 1979, Pakistani people, enraged by a radio report claiming that the United States had bombed the Masjid al-Haram, Islam's holy site at Mecca, stormed the U.S. embassy in Islamabad, and burned it to the ground.

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1979 world oil market chronology

*January: First emergency Crude Oil Buy-Sell Program allocations.

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1980

No description.

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1980 in Iran

Events from the year 1980 in Iran.

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1980 Summer Olympics

The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad (r), was an international multi-sport event held in Moscow, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia.

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1980 Summer Olympics boycott

The 1980 Summer Olympics boycott was one part of a number of actions initiated by the United States to protest the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan.

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1980s

The 1980s (pronounced "nineteen-eighties", commonly shortened as the "'80s", pronounced "eighties") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1980, and ended on December 31, 1989.

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1981 Bahraini coup d'état attempt

After Ayatollah Khomeini came to power in Iran in 1979, Tehran made clear its intention to spread its Islamic Revolution throughout the Muslim world One of the most dramatic manifestations of this strategy was the alleged failed coup d'état by militants in Bahrain in 1981.

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1981 in Iran

The following lists events that happened during 1981 in Iran.

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1981 Iranian Prime Minister's office bombing

The office of Mohammad Javad Bahonar, Prime Minister of Iran, was bombed on 30 August 1981 by the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK), killing Bahonar, President Mohammad Ali Rajai, and six other Iranian government officials.

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1982 in aviation

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1982.

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1982 in Iran

Events from the year 1982 in Iran.

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1983 in Iran

Events from the year 1983 in Iran.

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1984 in Iran

Events from the year 1984 in Iran.

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1985 in Iran

Events from the year 1985 in Iran.

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1986 in Iran

Events from the year 1986 in Iran.

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1987 in Australian television

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1987 in Iran

Events from the year 1987 in Iran.

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1987 Mecca incident

The 1987 Mecca incident was a clash between Shia pilgrim demonstrators and the Saudi Arabian security forces, during the Hajj pilgrimage; it occurred in Mecca on 31 July 1987 and led to the deaths of over 400 people.

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1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners

The 1988 executions of Iranian political prisoners was a series of state-sponsored execution of political prisoners across Iran, starting on 19 July 1988 and lasting for approximately five months.

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1988 in Iran

Events from the year 1988 in Iran.

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1989

1989 was a turning point in political history because a wave of revolutions swept the Eastern Bloc in Europe, starting in Poland and Hungary, with experiments in power sharing, coming to a head with the opening of the Berlin Wall in November, and the Velvet Revolution in Czechoslovakia, embracing the overthrow of the communist dictatorship in Romania in December, and ending in December 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

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1989 in Iran

Events from the year 1989 in Iran.

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1989 in literature

This article presents a list of publications of literature, awards given, and births and deaths of major literary figures during 1989.

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1989 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1989 in the United Kingdom.

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1989 Los Angeles Dodgers season

The 1989 team came down to earth after the success of the 1988 season, finishing further down in the standings falling to fourth place in the Western Division of the National League.

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1990 in the United Kingdom

Events from the year 1990 in the United Kingdom.

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2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire

The 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire (جشن‌های ۲۵۰۰ سالهٔ شاهنشاهی ایران), officially known as The 2,500th year of Foundation of Imperial State of Iran (دوهزار و پانصدمین سال بنیانگذاری شاهنشاهی ایران), consisted of an elaborate set of festivities that took place on 12–16 October 1971 on the occasion of the 2,500th anniversary of the founding of the Imperial State of Iran and the Achaemenid Empire by Cyrus the Great.

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2005 in Israel

Events in the year 2005 in Israel.

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2009 in Iran

Events in the year 2009 in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

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2011–12 Iranian protests

The 2011–12 protests in Iran were a series of demonstrations in Iran which began on 14 February 2011, called "The Day of Rage".

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2017 Tehran attacks

On 7 June 2017, two terrorist attacks were simultaneously carried out by five terrorists belonging to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) against the Iranian Parliament building and the Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini, both in Tehran, Iran, leaving 17 civilians dead and 43 wounded.

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2017–18 Iranian protests

A series of public protests occurred in various cities throughout Iran beginning on 28 December 2017 and continuing into 2018.

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Redirects here:

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini