Communication

1717 relations: A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province, Aalo, Abaga Mongols, Abaganar, Abbot (Buddhism), Abhayakaragupta, Abhidharma, Abhisheka, Abtai Sain Khan, Achi Chokyi Drolma, Adel Souto, Adhiṣṭhāna, Adi people, Adolf Fonahn, Afterlife, Agon Shu, Agvan Dorzhiev, Ajna, Akbar, Akong Rinpoche, Alan Dawa Dolma, Albazinians, Albert Rudolph, Alchi Monastery, Alexander Berzin (scholar), All Things Must Pass, Allen Ginsberg, Altai Republic, Altai Uriankhai, Altai-Sayan region, Altishahr, Amaravathi Mahachaitya, Amarbayasgalant Monastery, Amban, American Himalayan Foundation, Amitabha Monastery, Amitābha, Amne Machin, Amrita, Anagarika Govinda, Anahata, Anapanasati, André Migot, Andrew Calimach, Andy Puddicombe, Angus MacLise, Ani (nun), Ani Choying Drolma, Ani Tsankhung Nunnery, Anne C. Klein, ..., Anussati, Anuttarayoga Tantra, Anymachen Tibetan Culture Center, Aohans, Architecture in Tibet, Architecture of Karnataka, Architecture of Lhasa, Arnaud Desjardins, Aro gTér, Around the World in 80 Faiths, Arrivé, Arthur Flowerdew, Arunachal Pradesh, Arya Maitreya Mandala, Aryadeva, Ashdon, Ashtamangala, Asiatic lion, Atiśa, Atsara Sale, Aum Shinrikyo, Autobiography of a Yogi, Avadhuta, Avalokiteśvara, Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1), Ayesha (novel), Ayu Khandro, Ayuwang Pagoda, Azin Rinpoche, Éliane Radigue, Ösel Tendzin, Ü-Tsang, Üliger, Ünyön Künga Zangpo, Üzemchin Mongols, Śūnyatā, Śrāvaka, B. Alan Wallace, Baatud, Badekar Monastery, Badema, Bailin Temple (Beijing), Baima people, Balingiin Tserendorj, Balti people, Baltistan, Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal, Baotou, Baoxing County, Bardo, Barga Mongols, Bayads, Bayin, Bīja, Beast (South African band), Begtse, Benalmádena Stupa, Benedict Cumberbatch, Beyul, Bhadrakalpikasutra, Bhairava, Bhavacakra, Bhāvanākrama, Bhikkhuni, Bhikshu Gyomyo Nakamura, Bhotiya, Bhutan, Bhutan–United States relations, Bhutia, Bhutia Busty, Bidia Dandaron, Bikrampur Vihara, Bindu (symbol), Bir Tibetan Colony, Bir, Himachal Pradesh, Bista, Black Crown, Blowing horn, Blue Annals, Blue Bridge (Reed College), Bodhicitta, Bodhidharma, Bodhisattva, Bodhisattva Precepts, Bodhisattva vow, Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra, Bodongpa, Bogd Khan, Bokar Tulku Rinpoche, Bon, Bonan people, Bowers Museum, Brian Cutillo, Bruce Conforth, Bruce Frantzis, Buddha Park of Ravangla, Buddha-nature, Buddhavacana, Buddhism, Buddhism and Hinduism, Buddhism and psychology, Buddhism and sexual orientation, Buddhism and Theosophy, Buddhism and violence, Buddhism in Australia, Buddhism in Austria, Buddhism in Bhutan, Buddhism in Bulgaria, Buddhism in Buryatia, Buddhism in Costa Rica, Buddhism in Denmark, Buddhism in England, Buddhism in France, Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh, Buddhism in Hungary, Buddhism in Kalmykia, Buddhism in Khotan, Buddhism in Mexico, Buddhism in Mongolia, Buddhism in Nepal, Buddhism in Poland, Buddhism in Russia, Buddhism in Scotland, Buddhism in Slovenia, Buddhism in South Africa, Buddhism in the Netherlands, Buddhism in the United Kingdom, Buddhism in the United States, Buddhism in the West, Buddhism in Ukraine, Buddhism in Wales, Buddhist art, Buddhist chant, Buddhist Churches of America, Buddhist cuisine, Buddhist deities, Buddhist devotion, Buddhist Federation of Norway, Buddhist logico-epistemology, Buddhist meditation, Buddhist modernism, Buddhist music, Buddhist personality types, Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India, Buddhist prayer beads, Buddhist symbolism, Buddhist Tantras, Buddhist texts, Bugun, Bumpa, Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, Burkhanism, Buryatia, Buryats, Buton Rinchen Drub, Butter lamp, Butter sculpture, Cakrasaṃvara Tantra, Carolinda Witt, Central Asia, Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche, Chagri Monastery, Chahars, Chakra, Cham dance, Chan Buddhism, Chandrakirti, Changchub Dorje, 12th Karmapa Lama, Changkya Khutukhtu, Changkya Rölpé Dorjé, Changling Rinpoche, Changpa, Chant, Chantuu, Charles Laughlin, Chatral Sangye Dorje, Chöd, Chödrak Gyatso, 7th Karmapa Lama, Chögyam Trungpa, Chökyi Gyeltshen, Chöying Dorje, 10th Karmapa, Chekawa Yeshe Dorje, Chen Li-an, Cheng Yung-chin, Chhairo gompa, Chhinnamasta, Chiayi Municipal Museum, Chimé Rigdzin, Chime Rinpoche, Chime Tulku, China, China Ethnic Museum, China–India relations, Chinese Buddhism, Chinese Esoteric Buddhism, Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720), Chinese immigration to Puerto Rico, Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War, Chinese Orthodox Church, Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama, Choghtu Khong Tayiji, Choiceless awareness, Chola Mountains, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, Chris Impey, Christian K. Wedemeyer, Christianity among the Mongols, Christianity and other religions, Christianity in Asia, Christianity in China, Christopher Hills, Chrysanne Stathacos, Chuanqing people, Chugpa tribe, Chuzang, Citipati (Buddhism), Clergy, Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass, Colin Turnbull, Colored Sands, Coloured hat, Comparison of Buddhism and Christianity, Contemporary Tibetan art, Corvus, Courtney Love, Crestone, Colorado, Criticism of atheism, Cultural Development of Kamarupa, Cultural diversity in Puerto Rico, Culture of Asia, Culture of Mongolia, Culture of Nepal, Current 93, Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism, Dabestan-e Mazaheb, Dagpo Kagyu, Dagpo Rinpoche, Dagpo Tashi Namgyal, Dakini, Daklha Gampo Monastery, Dalai Lama, Dale Cooper, Dalit Buddhist movement, Damaru, Damdin Sükhbaatar, Dampa Sangye, Damxung County, Daphne Marlatt, Dariganga Mongols, Dark retreat, Darkhad, Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov, Daur people, David Bowie, David Lewiston, David Nichtern, David Seyfort Ruegg, David Snellgrove, David Tibet, Dayan Deerh, Dayisun Tngri, Dazhao Temple (Hohhot), Dörbet Oirat, Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama, Deadman River, Death horoscopes in Tibetan Buddhism, Deaths in April 2007, Deaths in December 2015, Dechen Chöling, Dechen Shak-Dagsay, Dechen Wangmo, Deer Park Buddhist Center and Monastery, Demographics of Arunachal Pradesh, Demographics of Bhutan, Demographics of Mongolia, Dennis Hunter, Derby, Derge, Derge Parkhang, Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama, Desire realm, Desmond Tutu, Dezhung Rinpoche, Dhamma Talaka Pagoda, Dhankar Gompa, Dharamshala (type of building), Dharmakirti, Dharmapala Raksita, Dhyāngro, Diamond Way Buddhism, Dilgo Khyentse, Diskit Monastery, Disposal of human corpses, Division of the Mongol Empire, Do Ngak Kunphen Ling Tibetan Buddhist Center for Universal Peace, Do-drul Chorten, Dob-dob, Dobroyd Castle, Doctor Strange (2016 film), Dolpo, Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen, Domo Geshe Rinpoche, Donald S. Lopez Jr., Donduk Kuular, Doors Open Toronto, Dorje Lopön, Dorje Shugden, Dorje Shugden controversy, Dorothy Iannone, Douglas Duckworth, Dramyin, Dramyin Cham, Dratshang Lhentshog, Dreadlocks, Dream argument, Drigung Monastery, Drikung Kagyu, Drogön Chögyal Phagpa, Dromtön, Drongtse Monastery, Drubchen, Druk White Lotus School, Drukpa Lineage, Dubdi Monastery, Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje, Dudjom Lingpa, Dudul Dorje, 13th Karmapa Lama, Dulduityn Danzanravjaa, Dum Spiro Spero (album), Dumfries, Dying Mapa I, Dying Mapa II, Dying Mapa III, Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche, Dzogchen, Dzogchen Beara, Dzogchen Monastery, Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche, Dzogchen Ranyak Patrul Rinpoche, Dzongkhul Monastery, Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche, Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö, Dzongsar Monastery, Dzungar genocide, Dzungar Khanate, Dzungaria, E. Gene Smith, Early Buddhist schools, Easily confused Buddhist representations, East Asia, East Asian Yogācāra, Eastern philosophy, Eastern religions, Eclectic school, Eleven-Faced Avalokitesvara Heart Dharani Sutra, Eljigin, Endless knot, Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup, 3rd Panchen Lama, Erdene Zuu Monastery, Erdne Ombadykow, Erythrina, Esoteric Buddhism (book), Estêvão Cacella, Eternity, Ethnic groups in Asia, Ethnic issues in China, Eurasian Steppe, Evenks, Faith in Nyingma Buddhist Dharma, Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski, Fierce deities, Five faults and eight antidotes, Five Pure Lights, Five Tibetan Rites, Five wisdoms, Flag of Bhutan, Forbidden City, Forced conversion, Foreign relations of Tibet, Fort Young Hotel, Forty Signs of Rain, Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition, Four harmonious animals, Four Noble Truths, Four Oirat, Fourth Way, Francis Tiso, Francisco Varela, Frans August Larson, Freda Bedi, Frederick Lenz, Freedom in Exile, Freedom of religion in China, Freedom of religion in India, Freedom of religion in Mongolia, Freedom of religion in Nepal, Funeral, Funerary text, Gaden Choeling Nunnery, Galdan Namchot, Galden Jampaling Monastery, Gampo Abbey, Gampopa, Gandaki River, Gandavyuha, Ganden Phodrang, Ganden Sumtseling Monastery, Ganden Tripa, Gandharan Buddhism, Gandhola Monastery, Gangshar Wangpo, Gangtok, Gankhüügiin Pürevbat, Gankyil, Ganna Walska, Gansu, Garab Dorje, Garchen Rinpoche, Gareth Sparham, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Garzê Town, Gavin D'Costa, Gönlung Jampa Ling monastery, Güshi Khan, Ge'nyen Massif, Gedhun Choekyi Nyima, Gelek Rimpoche, Gelug, Genocides in history, Germaine Krull, Geshe, Geshe Acharya Thubten Loden, Geshe Gyeltsen, Ghost, Ghosts in Tibetan culture, Ghum Monastery, Girdle, Glenn H. Mullin, Glossary of Buddhism, Goddess, Gohonzon, Golden Horde, Golden Urn, Golok rebellions (1917–49), Gomchen Pema Chewang Tamang, Gompa, Gompa Drophan Ling in Darnków, Gonchen Monastery, Gonggar County, Gongkar Chö Monastery, Gongma Drakpa Gyaltsen, Gorampa, Gorlos Mongols, Goshir Gyaltsab, Gradualism, Great Tibetan Marathon, Greater India, Green Lama, Guangren Temple, Guangzong Temple (Inner Mongolia), Guanyin, Guhyasamāja Tantra, Gullu Yologlu, Guo Jun, Guru, Guru–shishya tradition, Gurudongmar Lake, Gurung shamanism, Gusinoye Ozero (rural locality), Guy Newland, Gyaincain Norbu, Gyaling, Gyalpo Pehar, Gyalpo spirits, Gyalwang Drukpa, Gyalwang Pagsam Wangpo, Gyuto Order, Halo (religious iconography), Hamnigan, Hanle Monastery, Harvard Divinity School, Hayagriva (Buddhism), Head of state, Heart Sutra, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Helena Blavatsky, Hemis Monastery, Hemis National Park, Henk Blezer, Himalayan Buddhism, Hinayana, Hiranya Varna Mahavihar, History of art, History of Asian art, History of Bhutan, History of Buddhism, History of Buddhism in India, History of European exploration in Tibet, History of Kashmir, History of Mongolia, History of Siberia, History of Sikkim, History of the Eastern Orthodox Church, History of the Ming dynasty, History of the Uyghur people, History of Tibet, History of Tibet (1950–present), History of Tibetan Buddhism, History of Xinjiang, Hohhot, Hollow Earth, Hollyhock Retreat, Holy Isle, Firth of Clyde, Holy places, Hong Taiji, Honzon, House arrest, House church (China), Hruso people, Hu Jia (activist), Hui people, Human rights in China, Human rights in Tibet, Human sacrifice, Humla District, Hungry ghost, Hyung Jin Moon, Ilkhanate, Immigration to Bhutan, Immortality, Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty, Imperial Preceptor, Incarnation, Index of Bhutan-related articles, Index of Buddhism-related articles, Index of China-related articles (0–L), Index of China-related articles (M–Z), Index of Mongolia-related articles, Index of philosophy articles (R–Z), Index of religion-related articles, Index of Tibet-related articles, India–Mongolia relations, Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism, Inner critic, Inner Mongolia, Institute of Traditional Medicine Services (Bhutan), Intermediate state, International Congress on Buddhist Women's Role in the Sangha, Involution (esoterism), Islam in Mongolia, Islamicisation of Xinjiang, Istituto Lama Tzong Khapa, Jacob's Ladder (1990 film), Jake La Botz, Jalaids, James Hilton (novelist), Jamgon Ju Mipham Gyatso, Jamyang Rinchen Gyaltsen, Jamyang Zhépa, Jan Westerhoff, Jan Willis, Janet Elliott Wulsin, Jangsem Sherap Zangpo, Japa, Japanese Buddhist pantheon, Jargalant, Khövsgöl, Jaruud, Jay L. Garfield, Józef Kowalewski, Jānis Miglavs, Je Khenpo, Je Tsongkhapa, Jean-François Revel, Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, Jeffery Paine, Jeffrey Hopkins, Jennifer Lauck, Jet Li, Jetsun Lobsang Tenzin, Jetsunma Ahkon Lhamo, Jhākri, Jiang Qing (Confucian), Jianmoda Monastery, Jiddu Krishnamurti bibliography, Jigdal Dagchen Sakya, Jigdrel Changchub Dorje, 6th Dzogchen Rinpoche, Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista, Jigme Lingpa, Jigme Namgyal, Jigme Phuntsok, Jigme Rinpoche, Jikme Losel Wangpo, 7th Dzogchen Rinpoche, Jinchuan campaigns, Jinpa Sonam, Jiugongdao, Jnana, Jogindernagar, Johan Reinhard, John David Morley, John de Ruiter, John Garrie, John Giorno, John Makransky, John Powers (academic), John Steinbeck IV, John Wilkinson (chemist), Jomolhari, Jomsom, Jonang, Jonathan Goldman, José Argüelles, Joseph Goguen, Joseph Goldstein (writer), Joshua Dugdale, Judith Simmer-Brown, July 1967, June 1965, June Millington, Juniper Foundation, K.d. lang, Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling, Kadam (Tibetan Buddhism), Kagyu, Kagyu Samye Dzong London, Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre, Kagyu Shenpen Kunchab, Kagyu-Dzong, Kalacakra, Kalachakra, Kalimpong, Kalki, Kalmyk Americans, Kalmyk Khanate, Kalmyk names, Kalmykia, Kalmyks, Kalpa, Himachal Pradesh, Kalu Rinpoche, Kamalaśīla, Kangchenjunga, Kangiten, Kangling, Kangxi Emperor, Kangyur, Kargil, Kargil district, Karma Chagme, Karma in Tibetan Buddhism, Karma Kagyu, Karma Kagyud Buddhist Centre, Karma Phuntsok, Karma Thinley Rinpoche, Karma Triyana Dharmachakra, Karmamudrā, Karmapa, Karmapa controversy, Karmapa International Buddhist Institute, Karnataka, Karthok Monastery, Kartika (knife), Karuṇā, Kasar Devi, Kasaya (clothing), Katok Monastery, Katok Tsewang Norbu, Kawagarbo, Kazi Dawa Samdup, Külüg Khan, Kīla (Buddhism), Keith Dowman, Kelsang Gyatso, Kelsang Wangmo, Ken McLeod, Ken Wilber, Key Monastery, Keydong Thuk-Che-Cho-Ling Nunnery, Khakassia, Khalkha Mongols, Khamba people, Khamtrul Rinpoche, Khandro Rinpoche, Khangchenné, Kharchin Mongols, Khata, Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama, Khempo Yurmed Tinly Rinpoche, Kheng people, Khenpo, Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche, Khenpo Kyosang Rinpoche, Khenpo Shenga, Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche, Khensur Lungri Namgyel, Khishigten, Khoid, Khorchin Mongols, Khoshut, Khoshut Khanate, Khotogoid, Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen, Khuuchid, Khyongla Rato, Kim (novel), Kim Hwasang, Kingdom of Derge, Kirat Mundhum, Kirati people, Knot theory, Kopan Monastery, Kora (pilgrimage), Korean Buddhism, Koreans in China, Korzok Monastery, Kublai Khan, Kukuraja, Kulayarāja Tantra, Kum Nye, Kumbum, Kumbum Monastery, Kundeling Monastery, Kungri Monastery, Kunkhyen Pema Karpo, Kurtis Schaeffer, Kurukullā, Kyabgön Phakchok Rinpoche, Kyabje Choden Rinpoche, Kyabje Rinpoche, Kyelang, Kyrgyz in China, Kyrgyz people, La Plana Novella, Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra, Labrang Monastery, Ladakh, Lahaul and Spiti district, Lama, Lama Gonpo Tseten, Lama Jampa Thaye, Lamaling Monastery, Lamdre, Lamrim, Langboin Monastery, Langdarma, Langmusi, Langri Tangpa, Larung Gar Buddhist Academy, Lawapa, Layap, Leeds, Legendary progenitor, Lenggu Monastery, Lerab Ling, Lha-bzang Khan, Lhalung Pelgyi Dorje, Lhamo La-tso, Lhasa, Lhasa (prefecture-level city), Lhünzhub County, Lhoba people, Lhop people, Lhotshampa, Li Gotami Govinda, Liaoning, Library of Congress Classification:Class B -- Philosophy, Psychology, Religion, Library of Tibetan Works and Archives, Life release, Ligdan Khan, Likir Monastery, Lily Dale, New York, Limi, Lincoln in the Bardo, Linda Pritzker, Lindisfarne Association, Lineage (Buddhism), Ling Rinpoche, Lingtsang Gyalpo, Lishipa tribe, List of 20th-century outdoor proponents and outdoor educators, List of 21st-century religious leaders, List of alumni of Jesus College, Oxford, List of bodhisattvas, List of books and publications related to the hippie subculture, List of Buddhists, List of Christian monasteries in Switzerland, List of contemporary ethnic groups, List of converts to Buddhism, List of converts to Buddhism from Christianity, List of converts to the Catholic Church, List of critics of Islam, List of current pretenders, List of destroyed heritage, List of ethnic cleansing campaigns, List of fictional clergy and religious figures, List of founders of religious traditions, List of geological features on Rhea, List of legendary creatures by type, List of monastic houses in Scotland, List of mythological places, List of national leaders of the People's Republic of China, List of pagodas in Beijing, List of people granted asylum, List of people who have been considered deities, List of religions and spiritual traditions, List of sanghas in San Diego County, California, List of schools and lineages of Tibetan Buddhism, List of Sri Lankan monarchs, List of symbols, List of Tibetan monasteries, List of titles, List of Tulku lineages, List of University of Zimbabwe people, List of wars 1900–1944, List of women who led a revolt or rebellion, List of words ending in ology, Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen, 4th Panchen Lama, Lobsang Dolma Khangkar, Lobsang Nyima Pal Sangpo, Lobsang Pelden Tenpe Dronme, Lobsang Rampa, Lobsang Tenzin, Lodrö Chökyi Nyima, Lodrö Chökyong, Lodrö Tenpa, Lokapala, Longchen Nyingthig, Longchenpa, Longde (Dzogchen), Lopon, Lopon Tsechu, Losang Thonden, Losar, Lotus position, Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro, Luipa, Luminosity (Vajrayana), Luminous mind, Lung (Tibetan Buddhism), Luohou Temple, Ma Bufang, Machig Labdrön, Madhyamaka, Magoksa, Mahakala omnogovae, Mahamudra, Mahayana, Mahayana sutras, Mahayoga, Mahākāla, Mahāmāyā Tantra, Mahāsāṃghika, Maitreya Project, Maitreya-nātha, Maitripa College, Maitripada, Major religious groups, Makara (Hindu mythology), Manaslu, Manchu people, Mandala, Mandalaband, Mandarava, Mani stone, Manjushri, Mara (Tagin), Maraṇasati, Marathon, Marco Pallis, Marianne Ihlen, Marpa Lotsawa, Martine Batchelor, Mata Kuan Rani Temple, Matho Monastery, Matthieu Ricard, Maya (religion), Mêdog County, Mönlam Legpa Lodrö, 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A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province

A Glossary of the Tribes and Castes of the Punjab and North-West Frontier Province is an ethnological study of areas of present-day Pakistan and India.

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Aalo

Aalo, formerly Along, is a census town and headquarter of the West Siang district of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.

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Abaga Mongols

The Abagas (Khalkha-Mongolian:Авга/Avga) are a Southern Mongolian ethnic groups in Abag Banner, Inner Mongolia, China.

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Abaganar

The Abaganars are (Khalkha-Mongolian:Авга нар/Avga nar) a Southern Mongolian sub-ethnic group in Inner Mongolia of China.

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Abbot (Buddhism)

In addition to its use in a Christian context, abbot is a term used in English-speaking countries for a monk who holds the position of administrator of a Buddhist monastery or large Buddhist temple.

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Abhayakaragupta

Abhayākaragupta (Wylie: 'jigs-med 'byung-gnas sbas-pa) was a Buddhist monk, scholar and tantric master (vajracarya) and the abbot of Vikramasila.

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Abhidharma

Abhidharma (Sanskrit) or Abhidhamma (Pali) are ancient (3rd century BCE and later) Buddhist texts which contain detailed scholastic reworkings of doctrinal material appearing in the Buddhist sutras, according to schematic classifications.

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Abhisheka

Abhisheka or Abhishekam (Devanagari: अभिषेक) is a Sanskrit term akin to puja, yagya and arati that denotes: a devotional activity; an enacted prayer, rite of passage and/or religious rite.

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Abtai Sain Khan

Abtai Sain Khan (Mongolian: Абтай сайн хан; 1554 - 1588) - alternately Abatai or Avtai - was a Khalkha-Mongolian prince who was named by the 3rd Dalai Lama as first khan of the Tüsheet Khanate in 1587.

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Achi Chokyi Drolma

Achi Chokyi Drolma is the Dharma Protector (Dharmapāla) of the Drikung Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Adel Souto

Adel Souto (born November 29, 1969), who took the stage name "Adel 156" in 1990, is an American writer and musician.

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Adhiṣṭhāna

The Sanskrit term adhiṣṭhāna (अधिष्ठान;; 加持 kaji; อธิษฐาน àtíttǎan) is the name for initiations or blessings in Vajrayana Buddhism.

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Adi people

The Adi people are one of the most populous groups of indigenous peoples in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.

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Adolf Fonahn

Adolf Mauritz Fonahn (15 June 1873 – 21 August 1940) was a Norwegian physician, medical historian and orientalist.

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Afterlife

Afterlife (also referred to as life after death or the hereafter) is the belief that an essential part of an individual's identity or the stream of consciousness continues to manifest after the death of the physical body.

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Agon Shu

is Japanese new religion in which the basic tenets are based on the āgama, a collection of early Buddhist scriptures, which comprise the various rescensions of the Sūtra Piṭaka.

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Agvan Dorzhiev

Agvan Lobsan Dorzhiev, also Agvan Dorjiev or Dorjieff and Agvaandorj (1854–1938), was a Russian-born monk of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, sometimes referred by his scholarly title as Tsenyi Khempo.

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Ajna

Ajna (आज्ञा, IAST), or third-eye chakra, is the sixth primary chakra in the body according to Hindu tradition.

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Akbar

Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (15 October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605.

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Akong Rinpoche

Chöje Akong Tulku Rinpoche (25 December 1939 – 8 October 2013) was a tulku in the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and a founder of the Samye Ling Monastery in Scotland.

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Alan Dawa Dolma

Alan Dawa Dolma (born on July 25, 1987), professionally known as Alan (stylized as alan or aLan), is a female Tibetan Chinese singer active in both the Chinese and Japanese music industries.

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Albazinians

The Albazinians (Russian: албазинцы, Traditional Chinese: 阿爾巴津人, Simplified Chinese: 阿尔巴津人) are one of the few groups of Chinese of Russian descent.

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Albert Rudolph

Albert Rudolph (Rudi) (January 14, 1928 – February 21, 1973), also known as Swami Rudrananda, was born in Brooklyn, New York.

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Alchi Monastery

Alchi Monastery or Alchi Gompa is a Buddhist monastery, known more as a monastic complex (chos-'khor) of temples in Alchi village in the Leh District, of the Indian state under the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council of Jammu and Kashmir.

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Alexander Berzin (scholar)

Alexander Berzin (born 1944) is a scholar, translator, and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism.

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All Things Must Pass

All Things Must Pass is a triple album by English musician George Harrison.

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Allen Ginsberg

Irwin Allen Ginsberg (June 3, 1926 – April 5, 1997) was an American poet, philosopher, writer, and activist.

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Altai Republic

The Altai Republic (Респу́блика Алта́й, Respublika Altay,; Altai: Алтай Республика, Altay Respublika) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic).

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Altai Uriankhai

The Altai Uriankhai (Алтайн Урианхай, Altain Urianhai or Altai-yn Urianhai) refer to a Mongolian tribe around the Altai Mountains that were organized by the Qing dynasty.

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Altai-Sayan region

The Altai-Sayan region is an area of central Asia proximate to the Altai Mountains and the Sayan Mountains, near to where Russia, China, Mongolia and Kazakhstan come together.

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Altishahr

Altishahr (Traditional spelling: آلتی شهر, Uyghur Cyrillic alphabet: Алтә-шәһәр, Uyghur Latin alphabet: Altä-shähär or Altishähär, Modern Uyghur alphabet: ئالتە شەھەر) is a historical name for the Tarim Basin region used in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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Amaravathi Mahachaitya

The Amarāvatī Stupa, popularly known as the great stūpa at Amarāvathī, is a ruined Buddhist monument, probably built in phases between the third century BCE and about 250 CE, at Amaravathi village, Guntur district, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Amarbayasgalant Monastery

Amarbayasgalant Monastery (Амарбаясгалант хийд, Amurbayasqulangtu keyid; ᡠ᠊ᡵᡤᡠᠨ ᡝᠯᡥᡝᠵᡠᡴᡨᡝᡥᡝᠨ Urgun Elhe juktenen, Chinese: 慶寧寺) or the "Monastery of Tranquil Felicity", is one of the three largest Buddhist monastic centers in Mongolia.

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Amban

Amban (Manchu:Amban, Mongol: Амбан, Tibetan:ཨམ་བན་am ben, Uighur:ئامبان་am ben) is a Manchu language word meaning "high official," which corresponds to a number of different official titles in the Qing imperial government.

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American Himalayan Foundation

The American Himalayan Foundation (AHF) is a non-profit organization in the United States that helps Tibetans, Sherpas, and Nepalis living throughout the Himalayas.

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Amitabha Monastery

Amitabha Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Nepal.

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Amitābha

Amitābha, also known as Amida or Amitāyus, is a celestial buddha according to the scriptures of Mahayana Buddhism.

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Amne Machin

Amne Machin or Anyi Machen ("Grandfather Pomra") is the highest peak of a mountain range of the same name in the province of Qinghai in west-central China.

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Amrita

Amrita (अमृत, IAST: amṛta), Amrit or Amata (also called Sudha, Amiy, Ami) is a word that literally means "immortality" and is often referred to in texts as nectar.

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Anagarika Govinda

Anagarika Govinda (born Ernst Lothar Hoffmann, 17 May 1898 – 14 January 1985) was the founder of the order of the Arya Maitreya Mandala and an expositor of Tibetan Buddhism, Abhidharma, and Buddhist meditation as well as other aspects of Buddhism.

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Anahata

Anahata (अनाहत, IAST:, "unstruck") or heart chakra is the fourth primary chakra, according to Hindu Yogic, Shakta and Buddhist Tantric traditions.

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Anapanasati

Ānāpānasati (Pali; Sanskrit ānāpānasmṛti), meaning "mindfulness of breathing" ("sati" means mindfulness; "ānāpāna" refers to inhalation and exhalation), is a form of Buddhist meditation originally taught by Gautama Buddha in several suttas including the Ānāpānasati Sutta.

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André Migot

André Migot (1892–1967) was a French doctor, traveller and writer.

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Andrew Calimach

Andrew Calimach (born 1953) is a Romanian-American author.

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Andy Puddicombe

Andy Puddicombe (b. 23 September 1972) is a British author, public speaker and a teacher of meditation and mindfulness.

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Angus MacLise

Angus William MacLise (March 14, 1938 – June 21, 1979) was an American percussionist, composer, poet, occultist and calligrapher, known as the first drummer for the Velvet Underground.

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Ani (nun)

Ani is a prefix added to the name of a nun in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Ani Choying Drolma

Ani Choying Dolma (defaultaudio (born June 4, 1971), in Kathmandu, Nepal, also known as Choying Dolma and Ani Choying (Ani, "nun", is an honorific), is a Nepalese Buddhist nun and musician from the Nagi Gompa nunnery in Nepal. She is known in Nepal and throughout the world for bringing many Tibetan Buddhist chants and feast songs to mainstream audiences. She has been recently appointed as the UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador to Nepal.

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Ani Tsankhung Nunnery

Ani Tsankhung Nunnery is a nunnery of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism in the city of Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China.

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Anne C. Klein

For the fashion designer, see Anne Klein.

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Anussati

Anussati (Pāli; Sanskrit: Anusmriti) means "recollection," "contemplation," "remembrance," "meditation" and "mindfulness." It refers to specific meditative or devotional practices, such as recollecting the sublime qualities of the Buddha, which lead to mental tranquillity and abiding joy.

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Anuttarayoga Tantra

Anuttarayoga Tantra (Sanskrit, Tibetan: bla na med pa'i rgyud), often translated as Unexcelled Yoga Tantra or Highest Yoga Tantra, is a term used in Tibetan Buddhism in the categorization of esoteric tantric Indian Buddhist texts that constitute part of the Kangyur, or the 'translated words of the Buddha' in the Tibetan Buddhist canon.

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Anymachen Tibetan Culture Center

The Anymachen Tibetan Culture Center is a school for boys in Qinghai China.

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Aohans

The Aohan (Khalkha-Mongolian:Аохань/Aohan) are a Southern Mongol subgroup in Aohan Banner, Inner Mongolia, China.

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Architecture in Tibet

Architecture in Tibet contains Chinese and Indian influences but has many unique features brought about by its adaptation to the cold, generally arid, high-altitude climate of the Tibetan plateau.

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Architecture of Karnataka

The antiquity of Architecture of Karnataka can be traced to its southern Neolithic and early Iron Age, Having witnessed the architectural ideological and utilitarian transformation from shelter- ritual- religion.

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Architecture of Lhasa

Lhasa is noted for its traditional buildings and structures related to Tibetan Buddhism.

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Arnaud Desjardins

Arnaud Desjardins (June 18, 1925, Paris – August 10, 2011, Grenoble) was a French author.

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Aro gTér

The Aro gTér is a lineage within the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Around the World in 80 Faiths

Around the World in 80 Faiths is a British television series which was first broadcast by the BBC on 2 January 2009.

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Arrivé

Arrivé is a, 41-story skyscraper in the Belltown neighborhood of Seattle, Washington, that began construction in April 2015.

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Arthur Flowerdew

James Arthur Flowerdew (1 December 1906 – October 2002) was an English Captain from Norfolk, England whose unique recollections of the ancient city of Petra in Jordan strongly suggest to some the existence of reincarnation.

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Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh ("the land of dawn-lit mountains") is one of the 29 states of India and is the northeastern-most state of the country.

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Arya Maitreya Mandala

Arya Maitreya Mandala is a tantric and Buddhist order founded 1933 by Lama Anagarika Govinda.

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Aryadeva

Āryadeva (fl. 3rd century CE), was a disciple of Nagarjuna and author of several important Mahayana Madhyamaka Buddhist texts.

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Ashdon

Ashdon, is a village and civil parish in Essex, England.

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Ashtamangala

The Ashtamangala are a sacred suite of Eight Auspicious Signs endemic to a number of Indian religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism.

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Asiatic lion

The Asiatic lion (Panthera leo leo) is a lion population in Gujarat, India.

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Atiśa

(অতীশ দীপংকর শ্রীজ্ঞান; ཇོ་བོ་རྗེ་དཔལ་ལྡན་ཨ་ཏི་ཤ།) (982 - 1054 CE) was a Buddhist Bengali religious leader and master.

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Atsara Sale

Atsara Salé (alternative spellings include Atsara Sale, Atsara Sahle, and Arya Salé) was an 8th-century practitioner of Vajrayana Buddhism from South India.

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Aum Shinrikyo

, formerly, is a Japanese doomsday cult founded by Shoko Asahara in 1984.

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Autobiography of a Yogi

Autobiography of a Yogi is an autobiography of Paramahansa Yogananda (January 5, 1893–March 7, 1952) first published in 1946.

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Avadhuta

Avadhūta (IAST) is a Sanskrit term from the root 'to shake' (see V. S. Apte and Monier-Willams) that, among its many uses, in some Indian religions indicates a type of mystic or saint who is beyond egoic-consciousness, duality and common worldly concerns and acts without consideration for standard social etiquette.

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Avalokiteśvara

Avalokiteśvara (अवलोकितेश्वर) is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas.

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Avatar: The Last Airbender (season 1)

Season one (Book One: Water) of Avatar: The Last Airbender, an American animated television series produced by Nickelodeon Studios, aired 20 episodes from February 21, 2005 to December 2, 2005.

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Ayesha (novel)

Ayesha, the Return of She is a gothic-fantasy novel by English Victorian author H. Rider Haggard, published in 1905, as a sequel to She.

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Ayu Khandro

Ayu Khandro (Long Life Dakini), also known as Dorje Paldrön, lived from 1839 to 1953.

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Ayuwang Pagoda

The Ayuwang or Ashoka Pagoda is a stupa in Dai County in northeast Xinzhou Prefecture in northern Shanxi, China.

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Azin Rinpoche

Azin or Andzin Rinpoche is an incarnate lama (tulku) in the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism associated with Palnge Monastery in Gegyal.

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Éliane Radigue

Éliane Radigue (born January 24, 1932) is a French electronic music composer.

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Ösel Tendzin

Ösel Tendzin (1943–1990) was a western Buddhist.

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Ü-Tsang

Ü-Tsang or Tsang-Ü, is one of the three traditional provinces of Tibet, the other two being Amdo and Kham.

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Üliger

Üliger (үлгэр, tale) is the general term given to tales and popular myths of the Mongols (included in Buryats) of north-east Asia.

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Ünyön Künga Zangpo

Ünyön Künga Zangpo (Tibetan: དབུས་སྨྱོན་ཀུན་དགའ་བཟང་པོ།; Wylie: dbus smyon kun dga' bzang po; 1458-1532) was a famous yogin of the Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Üzemchin Mongols

The Üzemchin (Mongolian: Үзэмчин), also written Ujumchin, Ujumucin or Ujimqin, are a subgroup of Mongols in eastern Mongolia and Inner Mongolia.

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Śūnyatā

Śūnyatā (Sanskrit; Pali: suññatā), pronounced ‘shoonyataa’, translated into English most often as emptiness and sometimes voidness, is a Buddhist concept which has multiple meanings depending on its doctrinal context.

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Śrāvaka

Śrāvaka (Sanskrit) or Sāvaka (Pali) means "hearer" or, more generally, "disciple".

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B. Alan Wallace

Bruce Alan Wallace (born 1950) is an American author and expert on Tibetan Buddhism.

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Baatud

The Baatuds are a sub-ethnic group of the Oirats.

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Badekar Monastery

Badekar Monastery (Mongolian script:; Mongolian Cyrillic: Бадекар Зуу), alternatively known as Wudang Temple, is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Gelug sect.

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Badema

Badema (born 1965) is a Chinese actress and singer of Mongols ethnicity best known for her role in Norjmaa, which earned her a Best Actress Award in the 30th Golden Rooster Awards.

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Bailin Temple (Beijing)

The Bailin Temple (Chinese: 柏林寺; pinyin: Bǎilín Sì), also known as the "Monastery of the Cypress Grove", is a Tibetan Buddhist temple and monastery located in Beijing, China.

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Baima people

The Baima people, also called Baima Tibetan, is a subgroup of Tibetans living in the southeast of Gansu province and the northwest of Sichuan province of China, especially in Pingwu County, Jiuzhaigou County of Sichuan and Wen County of Gansu.

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Balingiin Tserendorj

Balingiin Tserendorj (Балингийн Цэрэндорж; May 25, 1868 – February 13, 1928) titles Khicheengui Said (Хичээнгүй Сайд, Diligent/Earnest Minister); Khicheengui Gün (Хичээнгүй Гүн, ducal title), was a prominent Mongolian political figure of the early 20th century who served as the first Prime Minister of the People's Republic of Mongolia from 1924 until his death in 1928.

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Balti people

The Balti are an ethnic group of Tibetan descent with Dardic admixture who live in the Gilgit–Baltistan region of Pakistan and the Kargil region of India.

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Baltistan

Baltistan (بلتستان, script also known as Baltiyul or Little Tibet (script), is a mountainous region on the border of Pakistan and India in the Karakoram mountains just south of K2 (the world's second-highest mountain). Baltistan borders Gilgit to the west, Xinjiang (China) in the north, Ladakh on the southeast and the Kashmir Valley on the southwest. Its average altitude is over. Prior to 1947, Baltistan was part of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, having been conquered by Raja Gulab Singh's armies in 1840. Baltistan and Ladakh were administered jointly under one wazarat (district) of the state. Baltistan retained its identity in this set-up as the Skardu tehsil, with Kargil and Leh being the other two tehsils of the district. After the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India, Gilgit Scouts overthrew the Maharaja's governor in Gilgit and (with Azad Kashmir's irregular forces) captured Baltistan. The Gilgit Agency and Baltistan have been governed by Pakistan ever since. The Kashmir Valley and the Kargil and Leh tehsils were retained by India. A small portion of Baltistan, including the village of Turtuk in the Nubra Valley, was incorporated into Ladakh after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The region is inhabited primarily by Balti people of Tibetan descent. Millennia-old Tibetan culture, customs, norms, language and script still exist, although the vast majority of the population follows Islam. Baltistan is strategically significant to Pakistan and India; the Kargil and Siachen Wars were fought there. The region is the setting for Greg Mortenson's book, Three Cups of Tea.

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Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal

The banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal was part of a government campaign to suppress the resurgence of Theravada Buddhism in Nepal in the early decades of the 20th century.

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Baotou

Baotou (ᠪᠤᠭᠤᠲᠤ Buɣutu qota, Бугат хот) also known as Bugat hot is the second largest city by urban population in Inner Mongolia.

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Baoxing County

Baoxing County is one of the seven counties under the administration of Ya'an City, in west-central Sichuan Province, China, located along the upper reaches of the Qingyi River.

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Bardo

In some schools of Buddhism, bardo (Tibetan བར་དོ་ Wylie: bar do) or antarabhāva (Sanskrit) is an intermediate, transitional, or liminal state between death and rebirth.

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Barga Mongols

The Barga (Mongol: Барга) are a subgroup of the Mongol people which gave its name to the Baikal region – "Bargujin-Tukum" (Bargujin Tökhöm) – “the land’s end”, according to the 13th-14th centuries Mongol people’s conception.

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Bayads

The Bayad (Mongol: Баяд/Bayad, lit. "the Riches") is the third largest subgroup of the Mongols in Mongolia and they are a tribe in Four Oirats.

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Bayin

Bayan (Chinese spelling as "Bayin", born August 1963) is an ethnic Mongol actor and director from Inner Mongolia.

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Bīja

In Hinduism and Buddhism, the Sanskrit term Bīja (बीज) (Jp. 種子 shuji) (Chinese 种子 zhǒng zǐ), literally seed, is used as a metaphor for the origin or cause of things and cognate with bindu.

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Beast (South African band)

Beast (often stylised as BEAST) is a garage rock supergroup from Cape Town.

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Begtse

In Tibetan Buddhism Beg-tse (Beg tse; Baik-tse) or Jamsaran ("the Great Coat of Mail", a loanword from Mongolian begder "coat of mail") is a female dharmapala and the lord of war, in origin a pre-Buddhist war goddess of the Mongols.

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Benalmádena Stupa

Benalmádena Stupa is a stupa in Benalmádena, Málaga in the Andalusian region of southern Spain, overlooking the Costa del Sol.

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Benedict Cumberbatch

Benedict Timothy Carlton Cumberbatch (born 19 July 1976) is an English actor who has performed in film, television, theatre and radio.

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Beyul

According to the beliefs of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, Beyul are hidden valleys often encompassing hundreds of square kilometers, which Padmasambhava blessed as refuges.

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Bhadrakalpikasutra

Bhadrakalpikasūtra (Sanskrit) is a Mahayana sutra with 24 chapters written in c. 200-250 CE, said to have been taught by Gautama Buddha in Vaishali.

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Bhairava

Bhairava (Sanskrit: भैरव, lit. frightful) is a Hindu deity worshiped by Hindus.

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Bhavacakra

The bhavachakra (Sanskrit; Pāli: bhavachakra; Tibetan: srid pa'i 'khor lo) is a symbolic representation of saṃsāra (or cyclic existence).

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Bhāvanākrama

The Bhāvanākrama (Bhk, "cultivation process" or "stages of meditation"; Tib. སྒོམ་རིམ་, sGom Rim) is a set of three Buddhist texts written in Sanskrit by the Indian Buddhist scholar yogi Kamalashila (c. 9th century CE) of Nalanda university.

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Bhikkhuni

A bhikkhunī (Pali) or bhikṣuṇī (Sanskrit) is a fully ordained female monastic in Buddhism.

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Bhikshu Gyomyo Nakamura

Bhikshu Gyomo Nakamura is a Japanese Buddhist monk, author and musician.

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Bhotiya

Bhotiya or Bhot (भोटिया) are groups of ethno-linguistically related Tibetan people living in the Transhimalayan region of the SAARC countries.

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Bhutan

Bhutan, officially the Kingdom of Bhutan (Druk Gyal Khap), is a landlocked country in South Asia.

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Bhutan–United States relations

The bilateral relations between the Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan and the United States of America are bilateral relations between Bhutan and the U.S. While both countries do not have diplomatic missions, relations between two nations are reviewed as "friendly and close", due to sharing many values between two nations.

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Bhutia

The Bhutia བོད་རིགས (Drenjongpa / Drenjop;; "inhabitants of Sikkim"; in Bhutan: Dukpa) are a community of people of Tibetan ancestry, who speak Lhopo or Sikkimese, a Tibetan dialect fairly mutually intelligible with standard Tibetan.

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Bhutia Busty

Bhutia Busty is a small town located at Darjeeling Municipality area in West Bengal.

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Bidia Dandaron

Bidia Dandaron (Vidyadhara, Бидия Дандарович Дандарон) (December 28, 1914, Soorkhoi, Kizhinga, Buryatia — October 26, 1974, Vydrino, Buryatia) was a major Buddhist author and teacher in the USSR.

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Bikrampur Vihara

Bikrampur Vihara is an ancient Buddhist vihara at Raghurampur village, Bikrampur, Munshiganj District in Bangladesh.

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Bindu (symbol)

Bindu (बिंदु) is a Sanskrit word meaning "point" or "dot".

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Bir Tibetan Colony

Bir Tibetan Colony is a Tibetan refugee settlement in the Himalayan village of Chowgan on the outskirts of the town of Bir, in the state of Himachal Pradesh in northern India.

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Bir, Himachal Pradesh

Bir is a village located in the west of Joginder Nagar Valley in the state of Himachal Pradesh in northern India.

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Bista

Bista (बिष्ट) is a family name of people of Nepal belonging to Khas Chhetri groups of Kshatriya varna.

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Black Crown

The Black Crown is an important symbol of the Karmapa, the Lama that heads the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Blowing horn

The blowing horn or winding horn is a sound device that is usually made of or shaped like an animal horn, arranged to blow from a hole in the pointed end of it.

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Blue Annals

The Blue Annals, completed in 1476, written by Gö Lotsawa Zhönnu-pel (1392–1481), is a Tibetan historical survey with a marked ecumenical (Rimé movement) view, focusing on the dissemination of various sectarian spiritual traditions throughout Tibet.

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Blue Bridge (Reed College)

The Blue Bridge, also known as the Cross Canyon Bridge, is a curved pedestrian and bicycle bridge connecting the north and south halves of the Reed College campus in Portland, Oregon, in the United States.

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Bodhicitta

In Buddhism, bodhicitta, "enlightenment-mind", is the mind that strives toward awakening, empathy, and compassion for the benefit of all sentient beings.

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Bodhidharma

Bodhidharma was a Buddhist monk who lived during the 5th or 6th century.

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Bodhisattva

In Buddhism, Bodhisattva is the Sanskrit term for anyone who has generated Bodhicitta, a spontaneous wish and compassionate mind to attain Buddhahood for the benefit of all sentient beings. Bodhisattvas are a popular subject in Buddhist art.

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Bodhisattva Precepts

The Bodhisattva Precepts (Japanese: bosatsukai) are a set of moral codes used in Mahayana Buddhism to advance a practitioner along the path to becoming a Bodhisattva.

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Bodhisattva vow

The Bodhisattva vow is the vow taken by Mahayana Buddhists to liberate all sentient beings.

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Bodhisattvacaryāvatāra

The Bodhisattvacharyāvatāra or Bodhicaryāvatāra, sometimes translated into English as A Guide to the Bodhisattva's Way of Life, is a Mahāyāna Buddhist text written c. 700 AD in Sanskrit verse by Shantideva (Śāntideva), a Buddhist monk at Nālandā Monastic University in India.

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Bodongpa

The Bodongpa or Bodong tradition, is one of the smaller traditions of Tibetan Buddhism falling outside the classification of the four main schools.

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Bogd Khan

The Bogd Khan (Богд хаан; 1869–1924) was enthroned as Khagan of Mongolia (Bogd Khaganate) on 29 December 1911, when Outer Mongolia declared independence from the Qing dynasty after the Xinhai Revolution.

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Bokar Tulku Rinpoche

Bokar Tulku Rinpoche (1940 – August 17, 2004) was heart-son of the Second Kalu Rinpoche and a holder of the Karma Kagyü and Shangpa Kagyü lineages.

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Bon

Bon, also spelled Bön, is a Tibetan religion, which self-identifies as distinct from Tibetan Buddhism, although it shares the same overall teachings and terminology.

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Bonan people

The Bonan people (保安族; pinyin: Bǎo'ān zú; native) are an ethnic group living in Gansu and Qinghai provinces in northwestern China.

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Bowers Museum

The Bowers Museum is an art museum located in Orange County, California.

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Brian Cutillo

Brian A. Cutillo (1945–2006) was a scholar and translator in the field of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Bruce Conforth

Bruce Michael Conforth (born in Paterson, New Jersey, United States) was the first curator of Cleveland's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.

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Bruce Frantzis

Bruce Kumar Frantzis (born April 1949) is a Taoist educator who studied Taoism in China.

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Buddha Park of Ravangla

The Buddha Park of Ravangla, also known as Tathagata Tsal, is situated near Rabong (Ravangla) in South Sikkim district, Sikkim, India.

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Buddha-nature

Buddha-nature or Buddha Principle refers to several related terms, most notably tathāgatagarbha and buddhadhātu.

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Buddhavacana

Buddhavacana, from Pali and Sanskrit, means "the Word of the Buddha".

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Buddhism

Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.

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Buddhism and Hinduism

Hinduism and Buddhism have common origins in the Ganges culture of northern India during the so-called "second urbanisation" around 500 BC.

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Buddhism and psychology

Buddhism includes an analysis of human psychology, emotion, cognition, behavior and motivation along with therapeutic practices.

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Buddhism and sexual orientation

The relationship between Buddhism and sexual orientation varies by tradition and teacher.

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Buddhism and Theosophy

Theosophical teachings have borrowed some concepts and terms from Buddhism.

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Buddhism and violence

Violence in Buddhism includes acts of violence and aggression committed by Buddhists with religious, political, or socio-cultural motivations, as well as self-inflicted violence by ascetics or for religious purposes.

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Buddhism in Australia

In Australia, Buddhism is a small but growing religion.

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Buddhism in Austria

Buddhism is a legally recognized religion in Austria and it is followed by more than 10,000 Austrians.

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Buddhism in Bhutan

Buddhism is the major religion in Bhutan.

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Buddhism in Bulgaria

Buddhism is a small minority religion in Bulgaria, with about a thousand practitioners.

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Buddhism in Buryatia

Buddhism in Buryatia—a regional form of Buddhism.

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Buddhism in Costa Rica

Costa Rica has more Buddhists than the other countries in Central America with almost 100,000 (2.34% of total population), followed closely by Panama, with almost 70,000 (2.1% of total population).

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Buddhism in Denmark

Buddhism is the fourth largest religion in Denmark with approximately 30,000 members.

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Buddhism in England

Buddhism is quite a recent religion to arrive in England.

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Buddhism in France

Buddhism is the fourth largest religion in France, after Christianity, Islam, and Judaism.

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Buddhism in Himachal Pradesh

Buddhism in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh can be traced back to the spread of Buddhism in the early 8th century.

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Buddhism in Hungary

Buddhism in Hungary exists since 1951 when Ernő Hetényi founded Buddhist Mission in Germany as a member of the Arya Maitreya Mandala Buddhist order (Mahayana school).

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Buddhism in Kalmykia

The Kalmyk people are the only people of Europe whose national religion is Buddhism.

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Buddhism in Khotan

Buddhism in Khotan comprised bodies of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of the Iranic Kingdom of Khotan as well as much of Western China and Tajikistan.

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Buddhism in Mexico

Buddhism is a minority religion in Mexico, numbering 108,701 followers or 0.09% of the total Mexican population.

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Buddhism in Mongolia

Buddhism in Mongolia derives much of its recent characteristics from Tibetan Buddhism of the Gelug and Kagyu lineages, but is distinct and presents its own unique characteristics.

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Buddhism in Nepal

Buddha was born in Shakya (Shakya) Kingdom of Kapilvastu which lies in present-day Rupandehi district, Lumbini zone of Nepal.

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Buddhism in Poland

The roots of Buddhism in Poland can be found in the early 20th century in the nation's connections to the origin countries of the religion, like Vietnam, China, Japan, and Korea.

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Buddhism in Russia

Historically, Buddhism was incorporated into Russian lands in the early 17th century.

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Buddhism in Scotland

The arrival of Buddhism in Scotland is relatively recent.

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Buddhism in Slovenia

Buddhism is a legally recognized religion in Slovenia and it is followed by more than 1,000 Slovenes, though no official numbers are established as the previous census did not include Buddhism specifically.

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Buddhism in South Africa

Buddhist traditions are represented in South Africa in many forms.

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Buddhism in the Netherlands

Buddhism is a small minority religion in the Netherlands, but it has shown rapid growth in recent years.

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Buddhism in the United Kingdom

Buddhism in the United Kingdom has a small but growing number of supporters which, according to a Buddhist organisation, is mainly because of the result of conversion.

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Buddhism in the United States

Buddhism, once thought of as a mysterious religion from the East, has now become very popular in the West, and is one of the largest religions in the United States.

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Buddhism in the West

Buddhism in the West broadly encompasses the knowledge and practice of Buddhism outside Asia in Europe, the Americas, Australia and New Zealand.

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Buddhism in Ukraine

Buddhism in Ukraine has existed since the 19th and 20th century, after immigration from countries with Buddhist populations, mainly North Vietnam and Korea under Communist period.

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Buddhism in Wales

Buddhism in Wales has a relatively short history, having only really established a presence in the country in the 20th Century.

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Buddhist art

Buddhist art is the artistic practices that are influenced by Buddhism.

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Buddhist chant

A Buddhist chant is a form of musical verse or incantation, in some ways analogous to Hindu, Christian or Jewish religious recitations.

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Buddhist Churches of America

The is the United States branch of the Nishi Honganji subsect of Jōdo Shinshū ("True Pure Land School") Buddhism.

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Buddhist cuisine

Buddhist cuisine is an East Asian cuisine that is followed by monks and many believers from areas historically influenced by Chinese Buddhism.

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Buddhist deities

Buddhism includes a wide array of divine beings that are venerated in various ritual and popular contexts.

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Buddhist devotion

Devotion, a central practice in Buddhism, refers to commitment to religious observances or to an object or person, and may be translated with Sanskrit or Pāli terms like saddhā, gārava or pūjā.

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Buddhist Federation of Norway

The Buddhist Federation of Norway (Norwegian: Buddhistforbundet) is an umbrella organization for the different Buddhist groups in Norway.

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Buddhist logico-epistemology

Buddhist logico-epistemology is a term used in Western scholarship for pramāṇa-vada (doctrine of proof) and Hetu-vidya (science of causes).

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Buddhist meditation

Buddhist meditation is the practice of meditation in Buddhism and Buddhist philosophy.

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Buddhist modernism

Buddhist modernism (also referred to as Modern Buddhism, modernist Buddhism and Neo-Buddhism) are new movements based on modern era reinterpretations of Buddhism.

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Buddhist music

Buddhist music is music created for or inspired by Buddhism and part of Buddhist art.

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Buddhist personality types

Buddhism has developed a complex psychology of personality types (Pali: Puggala-paññatti), personality traits and underlying tendencies (anusaya).

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Buddhist pilgrimage sites in India

In religion and spirituality, a pilgrimage is a long journey or search of great moral significance.

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Buddhist prayer beads

Buddhist prayer beads or malas (Sanskrit: "garland"Apte, Vaman Shivram (1965), written at Delhi, The Practical Sanskrit Dictionary (Fourth revised and enlarged ed.), Motilal Banarsidass Publishers) are a traditional tool used to count the number of times a mantra is recited, breaths while meditating, counting prostrations, or the repetitions of a buddha's name.

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Buddhist symbolism

Buddhist symbolism is the method of Buddhist art to represent certain aspects of dharma, which began in the fourth century BCE.

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Buddhist Tantras

The Buddhist Tantras are a varied group of Indian and Tibetan texts which outline unique views and practices of the Buddhist tantra religious systems.

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Buddhist texts

Buddhist texts were initially passed on orally by monks, but were later written down and composed as manuscripts in various Indo-Aryan languages which were then translated into other local languages as Buddhism spread.

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Bugun

The Buguns (formerly Khowa) are one of the earliest recognized schedule tribe of India, inhabiting the Singchung Sub-Division of West Kameng District of Arunachal Pradesh.

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Bumpa

The bumpa (བུམ་པ་), or pumpa, is a ritual vase with a spout used in Tibetan Buddhist rituals and empowerments.

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Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs

The Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, or Xuanzheng Yuan was a government agency and top-level administrative department set up in Khanbaliq (modern Beijing) that supervised Buddhist monks in addition to managing the territory of Tibet during the Yuan dynasty (1271-1368) established by Kublai Khan.

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Burkhanism

Burkhanism or Ak Jang is a new religious movement that flourished among the indigenous people of Russia's Gorno Altai region (okrug) between 1904 and the 1930s.

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Buryatia

The Republic of Buryatia (p; Buryaad Ulas) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic), located in Asia in Siberia.

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Buryats

The Buryats (Buryaad; 1, Buriad), numbering approximately 500,000, are the largest indigenous group in Siberia, mainly concentrated in their homeland, the Buryat Republic, a federal subject of Russia.

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Buton Rinchen Drub

Butön Rinchen Drup, (1290–1364), 11th Abbot of Shalu Monastery, was a 14th-century Sakya master and Tibetan Buddhist leader.

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Butter lamp

Butter lamps are a conspicuous feature of Tibetan Buddhist temples and monasteries throughout the Himalayas.

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Butter sculpture

Butter sculptures often depict animals, people, buildings and other objects.

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Cakrasaṃvara Tantra

The Cakrasaṃvara Tantra (चक्रसंवर तन्त्र) or Khorlo Déchok is considered to be of the mother class of the Anuttarayoga Tantra in Vajrayana Buddhism.

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Carolinda Witt

Carolinda Witt (born March 29, 1955 in Nairobi) is an author, teacher, and expert on The Five Tibetans, a yoga methodology originally described by Peter Kelder in his book "The Eye Of Revelation." Her step-by-step method of learning the Rites has made these five ancient movements more accessible to a wider range of practitioners.

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Central Asia

Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.

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Chagdud Tulku Rinpoche

Chagdud Tulku (1930–2002) was a Tibetan teacher of the Nyingma school of Vajrayana Tibetan Buddhism.

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Chagri Monastery

Chagri Dorjeden Monastery, also called Cheri Monastery, is a Buddhist monastery in Bhutan established in 1620 by Ngawang Namgyal, 1st Zhabdrung Rinpoche, the founder of the Bhutanese state.

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Chahars

The Chahars (Khalkha Mongolian: Цахар, Tsahar) are a subgroup of Mongols that speak Chakhar Mongolian and predominantly live in southeastern Inner Mongolia, China.

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Chakra

Chakras (Sanskrit: चक्र, IAST: cakra, Pali: cakka, lit. wheel, circle) are the various focal points in the subtle body used in a variety of ancient meditation practices, collectively denominated as Tantra, or the esoteric or inner traditions of Indian religion, Chinese Taoism, Tibetan Buddhism, as well as Japanese Esoteric Buddhism, and in postmodernity, in new age medicine, and originally psychologically adopted to the western mind through the assistance of Carl G. Jung.

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Cham dance

The cham dance, entry: 'cham.

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Chan Buddhism

Chan (of), from Sanskrit dhyāna (meaning "meditation" or "meditative state"), is a Chinese school of Mahāyāna Buddhism.

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Chandrakirti

Chandrakirti was a Buddhist scholar of the Madhyamaka school and a noted commentator on the works of Nagarjuna and those of his main disciple, Aryadeva, authoring two influential works, Prasannapadā and Madhyamakāvatāra.

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Changchub Dorje, 12th Karmapa Lama

Changchub Dorje (1703–1732), also Chanchub Dorje, was the twelfth Gyalwa Karmapa, head of the Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Changkya Khutukhtu

The Changkya Khutukhtu (Chakhar Mongolian: Janggiy-a qutuγ-tu, Khalkha Mongolian: Зангиа Хутагт Zangia Khutagt; Tibetan: ལྕང་སྐྱ་ཧོ་ཐོག་ཐུ།, lcang-skya ho-thog-thu; Chinese: 章嘉呼圖克圖, Zhāngjiā Hūtúkètú) was the title held by the spiritual head of the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Inner Mongolia during the Qing dynasty.

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Changkya Rölpé Dorjé

Changkya Rölpé Dorjé (1717-1786) was a principal Tibetan Buddhist teacher in the Qing court, a close associate of the Qianlong Emperor of China, and an important intermediary between the imperial court and Inner Asia.

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Changling Rinpoche

The Changling Rinpoche are a Tibetan Buddhist lineage, founded by the Tibetan Rechungpa who lived in the eleventh century.

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Changpa

The Changpa or Champa are a semi-nomadic Tibetan people found mainly in the Changtang in Ladakh and in Jammu and Kashmir.

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Chant

A chant (from French chanter, from Latin cantare, "to sing") is the iterative speaking or singing of words or sounds, often primarily on one or two main pitches called reciting tones.

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Chantuu

The Chantuu people are Mongolized Uzbeks of Turkic origin in Hovd province, Mongolia.

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Charles Laughlin

Charles D. Laughlin, Jr. (born 1938) is a neuroanthropologist known primarily for having co-founded a school of neuroanthropological theory called biogenetic structuralism.

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Chatral Sangye Dorje

Chatral Sangye Dorje Rinpoche ("Enlightened Indestructible Freedom From Activity"; June 18, 1913 – December 30, 2015) was a Dzogchen master and a reclusive yogi known for his great realization and strict discipline.

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Chöd

Chöd (lit. 'to sever'), is a spiritual practice found primarily in the Nyingma and Kagyu schools of Tibetan Buddhism (where it is classed as Anuttarayoga Tantra).

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Chödrak Gyatso, 7th Karmapa Lama

Chödrak Gyatso (1454–1506), also Chödrag Gyamtso, was the seventh Karmapa, head of the Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Chögyam Trungpa

Chögyam Trungpa (Wylie: Chos rgyam Drung pa; March 5, 1939 – April 4, 1987) was a Buddhist meditation master and holder of both the Kagyu and Nyingma lineages, the eleventh Trungpa tülku, a tertön, supreme abbot of the Surmang monasteries, scholar, teacher, poet, artist, and originator of a radical re-presentation of Shambhala vision.

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Chökyi Gyeltshen

Chökyi Gyeltshen (ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་མཚན, (Wylie: chos kyi rgyal mtshan)) (1402–1473) was a Tibetan spiritual leader.

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Chöying Dorje, 10th Karmapa

Chöying Dorje (1604–1674) was the tenth Karmapa or head of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Chekawa Yeshe Dorje

Geshe Chekhawa (or Chekawa Yeshe Dorje) (1102–1176) was a prolific Kadampa Buddhist meditation master who was the author of the celebrated root text Training the Mind in Seven Points, which is an explanation of Buddha's instructions on training the mind or Lojong in Tibetan.

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Chen Li-an

Chen Li-an (born 22 June 1937 in Qingtian, Zhejiang, Republic of China), sometimes spelled Chen Lu-an, is an electrical engineer, mathematician and former Taiwanese politician.

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Cheng Yung-chin

Cheng Yung-chin (born 8 October 1949) is a Taiwanese politician.

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Chhairo gompa

Chhairo Monastery (THL Tsérok Monastery) was the first monastery of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism founded in Upper Mustang.

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Chhinnamasta

Chhinnamasta (छिन्नमस्ता,, "She whose head is severed"), often spelled Chinnamasta, and also called Chhinnamastika, Jogini and Prachanda Chandika, is a Hindu goddess.

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Chiayi Municipal Museum

The Chiayi Municipal Museum is a museum in East District, Chiayi City, Taiwan.

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Chimé Rigdzin

Chimé Rigdzin Rinpoche (1922-2002), popularly known as “C.R. Lama”, was an important lineage holder of the Northern Treasures (byang gter) tradition in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Chime Rinpoche

Lama Chime Tulku Rinpoche is a Tibetan Buddhist, Tulku and Dharma teacher.

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Chime Tulku

Chime Tulku Rinpoche is a Buddhist Tulku.

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China

China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.

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China Ethnic Museum

The China Ethnic Museum (中华民族博物馆; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínzú Bówùguǎn; also called Chinese Ethnic Culture Park, 中华民族园; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Mínzú Yuán) is a museum in Beijing, China, located just to the west of the Olympic Green.

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China–India relations

China–India relations, also called Sino-Indian relations or Indo-China relations, refers to the bilateral relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of India.

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Chinese Buddhism

Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism has shaped Chinese culture in a wide variety of areas including art, politics, literature, philosophy, medicine, and material culture.

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Chinese Esoteric Buddhism

Chinese Esoteric Buddhism refers to traditions of Tantra and Esoteric Buddhism that have flourished among the Chinese people.

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Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)

The 1720 Chinese expedition to Tibet or the Chinese conquest of Tibet in 1720 was a military expedition sent by the Qing empire to expel the invading forces of the Dzungar Khanate from Tibet and establish a Chinese protectorate over the country.

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Chinese immigration to Puerto Rico

Large-scale Chinese immigration to Puerto Rico and the Caribbean began during the 19th century.

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Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War

Chinese Muslims in the Second Sino-Japanese War were courted by both Chinese and Japanese generals, but tended to fight against the Japanese, with or without the support of higher echelons of other Chinese factions.

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Chinese Orthodox Church

The Chinese Orthodox Church was an autonomous Eastern Orthodox church in China.

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Choekyi Gyaltsen, 10th Panchen Lama

Lobsang Trinley Lhündrub Chökyi Gyaltsen (19 February 1938 – 28 January 1989) was the tenth Panchen Lama of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Choghtu Khong Tayiji

Tümengken Tsoghtu Khong Tayiji (Classical Mongolian: Tümengken čoγtu qong tayiǰi; modern Mongolian:,, Tümenkhen Tsogt Khun Taij; 1581–1637), was a noble in Northern Khalkha.

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Choiceless awareness

is posited in philosophy, psychology, and spirituality to be the state of unpremeditated, complete awareness of the present without preference, effort, or compulsion.

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Chola Mountains

The Chola Mountains, also romanized as the Trola Mountains, are a northern subrange of the Shaluli Mountains in western Sichuan Province，China.

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Chorlton-cum-Hardy

Chorlton-cum-Hardy is a suburban area of the city of Manchester, England, known locally as Chorlton.

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Chris Impey

Christopher David Impey (born 25 January 1956) is a British astronomer, educator, and author.

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Christian K. Wedemeyer

Christian Konrad Wedemeyer, FRAS (born 1969) is an American scholar and political and social activist.

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Christianity among the Mongols

In modern times the Mongols are primarily Tibetan Buddhists, but in previous eras, especially during the time of the Mongol empire (13th–14th centuries), they were primarily shamanist, and had a substantial minority of Christians, many of whom were in positions of considerable power.

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Christianity and other religions

Christianity and other religions documents Christianity's relationship with other world religions, and the differences and similarities.

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Christianity in Asia

Christianity in Asia has its roots in the very inception of Christianity, which originated from the life and teachings of Jesus in 1st century Roman Palestine.

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Christianity in China

Christianity in China appeared in the 7th century, during the Tang dynasty, but did not take root until it was reintroduced in the 16th century by Jesuit missionaries.

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Christopher Hills

Christopher Hills (April 9, 1926 – January 31, 1997) was an English-born author, philosopher, and scientist, popularly described as the "Father of Spirulina" for popularizing spirulina cyanobacteria as a food supplement.

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Chrysanne Stathacos

Chrysanne Stathacos (born 1951, Buffalo, NY) is a multidisciplinary artist of Greek, American and Canadian origin.

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Chuanqing people

The Chuanqing people are a Han Chinese subgroup.

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Chugpa tribe

The Chugpa are one of the few smaller tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, living in the West Kameng district around Dirang.

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Chuzang

Chuzang Monastery (whole name: Chuzang Gön Ganden Mingyur Ling) is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of Gelug sect in the Huzhu County of Qinghai province, China.

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Citipati (Buddhism)

Citipati(Sanskrit: चितिपति) is a protector deity or supernatural being in Tibetan Buddhism and Vajrayana Buddhism of India.

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Clergy

Clergy are some of the main and important formal leaders within certain religions.

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Cloud Platform at Juyong Pass

The Cloud Platform at Juyongguan is a mid-14th-century architectural feature situated in the Guangou Valley at the Juyongguan Pass of the Great Wall of China, in the Changping District of Beijing Municipality, about northwest of central Beijing.

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Colin Turnbull

Colin Macmillan Turnbull (November 23, 1924 – July 28, 1994) was a British-American anthropologist who came to public attention with the popular books The Forest People (on the Mbuti Pygmies of Zaire) and The Mountain People (on the Ik people of Uganda), and one of the first anthropologists to work in the field of ethnomusicology.

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Colored Sands

Colored Sands is the fifth full-length album by technical death metal band Gorguts.

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Coloured hat

In Tibetan Buddhist cultures, coloured hats are sometimes used to symbolise attitudes towards various different abstract concepts.

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Comparison of Buddhism and Christianity

Since the arrival of Christian missionaries in the East in the 13th century, followed by the arrival of Buddhism in Western Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries, similarities were perceived between the practices of Buddhism and Christianity.

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Contemporary Tibetan art

Contemporary Tibetan art refers to the art of modern Tibet, or Tibet after 1950.

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Corvus

Corvus is a widely distributed genus of medium-sized to large birds in the family Corvidae.

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Courtney Love

Courtney Michelle Love (née Harrison; born July 9, 1964) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and visual artist.

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Crestone, Colorado

The Town of Crestone is a Statutory Town in Saguache County, Colorado, United States.

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Criticism of atheism

Criticism of atheism is criticism of the concepts, validity, or impact of atheism, including associated political and social implications.

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Cultural Development of Kamarupa

Kamarupa was most powerful and formidable kingdom in Northeast India ruled by the Varman and Pala dynasties from its capital in Pragjyotishpura and Durjaya in Lower Assam and by indigenous peoples at Haruppeswara in central Assam.

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Cultural diversity in Puerto Rico

Non-Hispanic cultural diversity in Puerto Rico (Borinquen) and the basic foundation of Puerto Rican culture began with the mixture of the Spanish, Taíno and African cultures in the beginning of the 16th century.

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Culture of Asia

The culture of Asia encompasses the collective and diverse customs and traditions of art, architecture, music, literature, lifestyle, philosophy, politics and religion that have been practiced and maintained by the numerous ethnic groups of the continent of Asia since prehistory.

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Culture of Mongolia

The Culture of Mongolia has been heavily influenced by the Mongol nomadic way of life.

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Culture of Nepal

The culture of Nepal is rich and unique in the world.

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Current 93

Current 93 are a British experimental music group, working since the early 1980s in folk-based musical forms.

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Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism

Cutting Through Spiritual Materialism, by Chögyam Trungpa is a book addressing many common pitfalls of self-deception in seeking spirituality, which the author coins as Spiritual materialism.

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Dabestan-e Mazaheb

The Dabestān-e Mazāheb, also transliterated as Dabistān-i Mazāhib (دبستان مذاهب) "School of Religions", is an examination and comparison of South Asian religions and sects of the mid-17th century.

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Dagpo Kagyu

Dagpo Kagyu encompasses the branches of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism that trace their lineage back through Gampopa (1079-1153), who was also known as Dagpo Lhaje "the Physician from Dagpo" and Nyamed Dakpo Rinpoche "Incomparable Precious One from Dagpo".

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Dagpo Rinpoche

Dagpo Rinpoche (born 1932), also known as Bamchoe Rinpoche, is a lama in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition.

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Dagpo Tashi Namgyal

Dakpo Tashi Namgyal (Dakpo Paṇchen Tashi Namgyel, Wylie: dwags po paN chen bkra shis rnam rgyal) (1511, 1512, or 1513–1587) was a lineage holder of the Dagpo Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Dakini

A ḍākinī (хандарма;; alternatively) is a type of spirit in Vajrayana Buddhism.

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Daklha Gampo Monastery

Daklha Gampo Monastery (Dwags lha sgam po), also romanized as Daglha Gampo, is a Kagyu Tibetan Buddhist monastery founded in 1121 CE by Je Gampopa (1079-1153), the disciple of the famous and much-loved bodhisattva, Jetsun Milarepa (c. 1052—c. 1135) It is located in Gyatsa County in the old district of Dakpo in southern Tibet on land sanctified as a geomantic power-place ('head of the ogress') by the first Tibetan emperor, Songtsen Gampo (605 or 617? - 649), and made a repository of terma by Padmasambhava.

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Dalai Lama

Dalai Lama (Standard Tibetan: ཏཱ་ལའི་བླ་མ་, Tā la'i bla ma) is a title given to spiritual leaders of the Tibetan people.

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Dale Cooper

FBI Special agent Dale Bartholomew Cooper, portrayed by Kyle MacLachlan, is a fictional character and the protagonist of the American Broadcast Company television series Twin Peaks and Showtime Network's Twin Peaks (2017 TV series).

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Dalit Buddhist movement

The Dalit Buddhist movement (also known as Neo-Buddhist movement) is a socio-political movement by Dalits in India started by B. R. Ambedkar.

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Damaru

A damaru (Tamil: உடுக்கை; ḍamaru; Tibetan ཌ་མ་རུ; Devanagari: डमरु) or damru is a small two-headed drum, used in Hinduism and Tibetan Buddhism.

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Damdin Sükhbaatar

Damdinii Sükhbaatar (Дамдины Сүхбаатар; February 2, 1893 – February 20, 1923) was a founding member of the Mongolian People's Party and leader of the Mongolian partisan army that liberated Khüree during the Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921.

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Dampa Sangye

Dampa Sangye ("Excellent Buddhahood", d.1117, also called "Father Excellent Buddhahood") was a Buddhist mahasiddha of the Indian Tantra movement who transmitted many teachings based on both Sutrayana and Tantrayana to Buddhist practitioners in Tibet in the late 11th century.

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Damxung County

Damxung is a county of Lhasa City, lying to the north of its main center of Chengguan, in the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China.

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Daphne Marlatt

Daphne Marlatt, née Buckle, CM (born July 11, 1942 in Melbourne, Australia), is a Canadian poet and novelist who lives in Vancouver, British Columbia.

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Dariganga Mongols

The Dariganga (Mongolian: Дарьганга) are an eastern Mongol subgroup who mainly live in Dari Ovoo and Ganga Lake, Sukhbaatar Province.

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Dark retreat

Dark retreat (Allione, Tsultrim (2000). Women of Wisdom. (Includes transcribed interview with Namkhai Norbu) Source: (accessed: November 15, 2007)) is a solo retreat in a space that is completely absent of light, which is an advanced practices in the Dzogchen lineages of the Nyingmapa, Bönpo, and other schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Darkhad

The Darkhad, Darqads,.

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Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov

Dashi-Dorzho Itigilov (Даши-Доржо Итигэлов; Buryat: Этигэлэй Дашадоржо; 1852–1927) was a Buryat Buddhist lama of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, best known for the lifelike state of his dead body, which is reported not to be subject to macroscopic decay.

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Daur people

The Daur people (Khalkha Mongolian: Дагуур/Daguur;; the former name "Dahur" is considered derogatory) are a Mongolic-speaking ethnic group in northeastern China.

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David Bowie

David Robert Jones (8 January 1947 – 10 January 2016), known professionally as David Bowie, was an English singer-songwriter and actor.

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David Lewiston

David Sidney George Lewiston (11 May 1929 – 29 May 2017) was a London-born collector of the world's traditional music.

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David Nichtern

David Nichtern is an American songwriter and television composer, soundtrack artist and Buddhist teacher.

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David Seyfort Ruegg

David Seyfort Ruegg (New York, 1931) is an eminent Buddhologist with a long career, extending from the 1950s to the present.

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David Snellgrove

David Llewellyn Snellgrove (29 June 192025 March 2016) was a British Tibetologist noted for his pioneering work on Buddhism in Tibet as well as his many travelogues.

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David Tibet

David Tibet (born David Michael Bunting, 5 March 1960) is a British poet and artist who founded the music group Current 93, of which he is the only full-time member.

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Dayan Deerh

Dayan Deerh or Dayan Degereki is one of the most important divinities in the folk practices and shamanic invocations in Khövsgöl Province, Mongolia.

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Dayisun Tngri

Daichsun Tngri, also known as Dayisud Tngri and Dayičin Tngri, is a Mongolian war god "of a protective function" to whom captured enemies were sometimes sacrificed.

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Dazhao Temple (Hohhot)

Da Zhao Temple or Wuliang Temple (ᠴᠠᠭᠯᠠᠰᠢᠦᠭᠡᠢᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ; ᠵᡝᠴᡝᠨᠠᠠᠠᡡᠰᡟ), or Ih Juu (Mongolian:, scientific transliteration: yeke juu, SASM/GNC: Ih Jûû, "great deity") in Mongolian, is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Gelugpa order in the city of Hohhot, Inner Mongolia in North China.

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Dörbet Oirat

The Dörbet (Дөрвд, Dörwd; Дөрвөд, Dörwöd,, lit. "the Fours";; also known in English as the Derbet) is the second largest subgroup of Mongol people in modern Mongolia and was formerly one of the major tribes of the Four Oirat confederation in the 15th-18th centuries.

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Düsum Khyenpa, 1st Karmapa Lama

Düsum Khyenpa (1110–1193) was the 1st Gyalwa Karmapa, head of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Deadman River

The Deadman River, also known as the Deadman's River, Deadman Creek or Deadman's Creek, is a tributary of the Thompson River in the British Columbia Interior of British Columbia, Canada.

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Death horoscopes in Tibetan Buddhism

The use of death horoscopes in Tibetan Buddhism is an old practice that still sees application today.

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Deaths in April 2007

The following is a list of notable deaths in April 2007.

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Deaths in December 2015

The following is a list of notable deaths in December 2015.

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Dechen Chöling

Dechen Chöling is the residential practice center of the European Shambhala Buddhist community.

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Dechen Shak-Dagsay

Dechen Shak-Dagsay is a contemporary singer of traditional Tibetan Buddhist mantras in new modern melodies for younger generation.

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Dechen Wangmo

Jetsun Dechen Wangmo (died 2011) was a Tibetan Buddhist.

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Deer Park Buddhist Center and Monastery

The Deer Park Buddhist Center and Monastery in Oregon, Wisconsin is headed by Geshe Lhundub Sopa, the first Tibetan tenured professor in an American University who taught Buddhist philosophy, language and culture at the University of Wisconsin–Madison for 30 years.

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Demographics of Arunachal Pradesh

The Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh has a total population of roughly 1.4 million (as of 2011) on an area of 84,000 km2, amounting to a population density of about 17 pop./km2 (far below the Indian average of 370 pop./km2 but significantly higher than similarly mountainous Ladakh).

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Demographics of Bhutan

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Bhutan, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Demographics of Mongolia

This article is about the demographics of Mongolia, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

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Dennis Hunter

Dennis Hunter is an American writer.

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Derby

Derby is a city and unitary authority area in Derbyshire, England.

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Derge

Derge is a town in Dêgê County in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan, China.

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Derge Parkhang

The Derge Parkhang, (pronunciation "Dehr-geh", alternative names Dege Parkhang, Derge Sutra Printing Temple, Dege Yinjing Yuan, Derge Barkhang, Dege Barkhang, Barkhang, Parkhang, Bakong Scripture Printing Press and Monastery) is one of the foremost cultural treasures of Tibet.

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Deshin Shekpa, 5th Karmapa Lama

Deshin Shekpa (1384–1415), also Deshin Shegpa, Dezhin Shekpa and Dezhin Shegpa, was the fifth Gyalwa Karmapa, head of the Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Desire realm

The desire realm (Sanskrit: kāmadhātu) is one of the trailokya or three realms (Sanskrit: dhātu, Tibetan: khams) in Buddhist cosmology into which a being wandering in saṃsāra may be reborn.

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Desmond Tutu

Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born 7 October 1931) is a South African Anglican cleric and theologian known for his work as an anti-apartheid and human rights activist.

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Dezhung Rinpoche

Dezhung Rinpoche, born Ngawang Zangpo, (1906–1987) was a Tibetan lama of the Sakya school, one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the others being the Nyingma, Kagyu, and Gelug).

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Dhamma Talaka Pagoda

Dhamma Talaka Peace Pagoda was opened in Birmingham UK in 1998 and is the only such building in traditional Burmese style in the Western hemisphere.

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Dhankar Gompa

Dhankar Gompa (also Dankhar, Drangkhar or Dhangkar Gompa; Brang-mkhar or Grang-mkhar) is a village and also a Gompa, a Buddhist temple in the district of Lahaul and Spiti in India.

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Dharamshala (type of building)

A dharamshala, also written as dharmashala (dharmaśālā) is a Hindu religious resthouse.

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Dharmakirti

Dharmakīrti (fl. c. 6th or 7th century) was an influential Indian Buddhist philosopher who worked at Nālandā.

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Dharmapala Raksita

Dharmapala Raksita (1268 – 24 December 1287) was the head of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, which was the most powerful school in Tibet under the Yuan dynasty from 1280-1282.

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Dhyāngro

The dhyāngro is a frame drum played by the jhakri (shamans) of Nepal—especially those of the Magars, the Kirati, and the Tamang—as well as by Tibetan Buddhist musicians.

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Diamond Way Buddhism

Diamond Way Buddhism (Diamond Way Buddhism - Karma Kagyu Lineage) is a lay organization within the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Dilgo Khyentse

Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche (c. 1910 – 28 September 1991) was a Vajrayana master, scholar, poet, teacher, and head of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism from 1987 to 1991.

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Diskit Monastery

Diskit Monastery also known as Deskit Gompa or Diskit Gompa is the oldest and largest Buddhist monastery (gompa) in the Nubra Valley of Ladakh, northern India.

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Disposal of human corpses

Disposal of human corpses is the practice and process of dealing with the remains of a deceased human being.

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Division of the Mongol Empire

The division of the Mongol Empire began when Möngke Khan died in 1259 in the siege of Diaoyu castle with no declared successor, precipitating infighting between members of the Tolui family line for the title of Great Khan that escalated to the Toluid Civil War.

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Do Ngak Kunphen Ling Tibetan Buddhist Center for Universal Peace

Do Ngak Kunphen Ling Tibetan Buddhist Center for Universal Peace (མདོ་སྔགས་ཀུན་ཕན་གླིང་།) (DNKL) is a Tibetan Buddhist retreat center located in Redding, Connecticut.

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Do-drul Chorten

Dro-dul Chorten is a stupa in Gangtok in the Indian state of Sikkim.

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Dob-dob

A dob-dob (or in some sources ldab ldob) is a member of a type of Tibetan Buddhist monk fraternity that existed in Gelug monasteries in Tibet such as Sera Monastery and are reported to still exist in Gelug monasteries today, although possibly in a somewhat altered form.

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Dobroyd Castle

Dobroyd Castle is an important historic building above the town of Todmorden, West Yorkshire, England.

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Doctor Strange (2016 film)

Doctor Strange is a 2016 American superhero film based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, produced by Marvel Studios and distributed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.

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Dolpo

Dolpo (དོལ་པོ) is a high-altitude culturally Tibetan region in the upper part of the Dolpa District of western Nepal, bordered in the north by China.

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Dolpopa Sherab Gyaltsen

Dölpopa Shérap Gyeltsen (1292–1361), known simply as Dölpopa, a Tibetan Buddhist master known as "The Buddha from Dölpo," a region in modern Nepal, who was the principal exponent of the shentong teachings, and an influential member of the Jonang tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Domo Geshe Rinpoche

Geshe Ngawang Kalsang, later known as Domo Geshe Rinpoche, is said to have been Shariputra, the Mahadsiddha Gayadhara, Dharmashri, Munijnana, Tönmi Sambhota, King Trisong Detsen, Dromtönpa, Milarepa, Khedrup Rinpoche, and Dragpa Gyaltsen in previous lives.

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Donald S. Lopez Jr.

Donald Sewell Lopez Jr. (born 1952) is the Arthur E. Link Distinguished University Professor of Buddhist and Tibetan Studies at the University of Michigan, in the Department of Asian Languages and Cultures.

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Donduk Kuular

Donduk Kuular (1888–1932) was a Tuvan monk, politician, and first prime minister of the Tuvan People's Republic.

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Doors Open Toronto

Doors Open Toronto is an annual event when approximately 150 buildings of architectural, historic, cultural, and social significance to the city of Toronto open their doors to the public for this free citywide event.

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Dorje Lopön

In Tibetan Buddhism, Dorje Lopön is a title given to high-level monks who preside over tantric rituals.

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Dorje Shugden

Dorje Shugden (རྡོ་རྗེ་ཤུགས་ལྡན་), also known as Dolgyal and as Gyalchen Shugden, is an entity associated with the Gelug school, the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Dorje Shugden controversy

The Dorje Shugden controversy is a controversy over Dorje Shugden, also known as Dolgyal, who some consider to be one of several protectors of the Gelug school, the school of Tibetan Buddhism to which the Dalai Lamas belong.

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Dorothy Iannone

Dorothy Iannone (born 1933) is an American visual artist.

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Douglas Duckworth

Douglas S. Duckworth (born 1971) is an American academic working in the field of Buddhist Philosophy and Tibetan Buddhism.

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Dramyin

The dramyin or dranyen (dramnyen) is a traditional Himalayan folk music lute with six strings, used primarily as an accompaniment to singing in the Drukpa Buddhist culture and society in Bhutan, as well as in Tibet, Sikkim and Himalayan West Bengal.

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Dramyin Cham

Dramyin Cham (Dzongkha: Dramnyen Cham) is a form of Cham dance - a masked and costumed dance performed in Tibetan Buddhism ceremonies in Bhutan, Sikkim, Himalayan West Bengal and Tibet (where they have been outlawed).

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Dratshang Lhentshog

The Dratshang Lhentshog (Dzongkha:; Wylie: grwa-tshang lhan-tshogs) is the Commission for the Monastic Affairs of Bhutan.

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Dreadlocks

Dreadlocks, also locs, dreads, or in Sanskrit, Jaṭā, are ropelike strands of hair formed by matting or braiding hair.

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Dream argument

The dream argument is the postulation that the act of dreaming provides preliminary evidence that the senses we trust to distinguish reality from illusion should not be fully trusted, and therefore, any state that is dependent on our senses should at the very least be carefully examined and rigorously tested to determine whether it is in fact reality.

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Drigung Monastery

Drigung Thil Monastery is a monastery in Maizhokunggar County, Lhasa, Tibet founded in 1179.

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Drikung Kagyu

Drikung Kagyu or Drigung Kagyu (Wylie: 'bri-gung bka'-brgyud) is one of the eight "minor" lineages of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Drogön Chögyal Phagpa

Drogön Chogyal Phagpa (1235 – 15 December 1280), was the fifth leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Dromtön

Dromtön or Dromtönpa Gyelwé Jungné (1004 or 1005–1064) was the chief disciple of the Buddhist master Atiśa, the initiator of the Kadam school of Tibetan Buddhism and the founder of Reting Monastery.

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Drongtse Monastery

Drongtse Monastery ('Brong rtse; Pinyin: Zhongze) is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery was formerly one of the most important Gelug monasteries in Tsang, Tibet.

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Drubchen

A drubchen is a traditional form of meditation retreat in Tibetan Buddhism that lasts for about ten days.

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Druk White Lotus School

The Druk White Lotus School is located in Shey, Ladakh, in northern India, and is known locally as the Druk Padma Karpo School.

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Drukpa Lineage

The Drukpa Lineage, or simply Drukpa, sometimes called either Dugpa or "Red Hat sect" in older sources, by Alexandra David-Néel.

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Dubdi Monastery

Dubdi Monastery, occasionally called Yuksom Monastery, is a Buddhist monastery of the Nyingma sect of Tibetan Buddhism near Yuksom, in the Geyzing subdivision of West Sikkim district, in northeastern India.

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Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje

Dudjom Jigdral Yeshe Dorje (THL Düjom Jikdrel Yéshé Dorjé) (1904–17 January 1987), was the second Dudjom Rinpoche.

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Dudjom Lingpa

Dudjom Lingpa (1835–1904)*Lingpa, Dudjom; Tulku, Chagdud; Norbu, Padma Drimed; Barron, Richard (Lama Chökyi Nyima, translator); Fairclough, Susanne (translator) (1994, 2002 revised).

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Dudul Dorje, 13th Karmapa Lama

Dudul Dorje (1733–1797) was the thirteenth Gyalwa Karmapa, head of the Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Dulduityn Danzanravjaa

Dulduityn Danzanravjaa (1803–1856, Дулдуйтын Данзанравжаа) was a prominent Mongolian writer, composer, painter, Buddhist scholar, physician and was the Fifth Noyon Khutagt, the Lama of the Gobi.

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Dum Spiro Spero (album)

Dum Spiro Spero (stylized as DUM SPIRO SPERO, Latin for "While I Breathe, I Hope") is the eighth studio album by Japanese metal band Dir En Grey, released on August 3, 2011.

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Dumfries

Dumfries (possibly from Dùn Phris) is a market town and former royal burgh within the Dumfries and Galloway council area of Scotland, United Kingdom.

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Dying Mapa I

Dying Mapa I is an album by the Japanese noise band Merzbow, then consisting of Masami Akita and Kiyoshi Mizutani.

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Dying Mapa II

Dying Mapa II is an album by the Japanese noise band Merzbow, then consisting of Masami Akita and Kiyoshi Mizutani.

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Dying Mapa III

Dying Mapa III is an album by the Japanese noise band Merzbow, then consisting of Masami Akita and Kiyoshi Mizutani.

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Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche

Dzigar Kongtrul Rinpoche (b. 23 Oct 1964) is the title of a tulku lineage of Tibetan Buddhist lamas.

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Dzogchen

Dzogchen or "Great Perfection", Sanskrit: अतियोग, is a tradition of teachings in Tibetan Buddhism aimed at discovering and continuing in the natural primordial state of being.

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Dzogchen Beara

Dzogchen Beara is a Tibetan Buddhist retreat centre on the Beara Peninsula near Allihies in West Cork in Ireland established by Sogyal Rinpoche in 1987.

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Dzogchen Monastery

Dzogchen Monastery (Tib. རྫོགས་ཆེན་དགོན། rdzogs chen dgon) is one of the six great monasteries of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche

The 7th Dzogchen Ponlop (Karma Sungrap Ngedon Tenpa Gyaltsen, born 1965) is an abbot of Dzogchen Monastery, president of Nalandabodhi, the founder of Nītārtha Institute, a leading Tibetan Buddhist scholar, and a meditation master.

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Dzogchen Ranyak Patrul Rinpoche

Dzogchen Ranyak Patrul Rinpoche (born 1963) is a Tibetan lama, teacher and author in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Dzongkhul Monastery

Dzongkhul Monastery or Zongkhul Gompa is located in the Stod Valley of Zanskar in Jammu and Kashmir in northern India.

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Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche

Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche (རྫོང་གསར་ འཇམ་དབྱངས་ མཁྱེན་བརྩེ་ རིན་པོ་ཆེ, born June 18, 1961), also known as Khyentse Norbu, is a Tibetan/Bhutanese lama, filmmaker, and writer.

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Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö

Dzongsar Khyentse Chökyi Lodrö (c. 1893 – 1959) was a Tibetan lama, a master of many lineages, and a teacher of many of the major figures in 20th-century Tibetan Buddhism.

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Dzongsar Monastery

Dzongsar Monastery is a Buddhist monastery in Dêgê County in the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan, China, southeast of the town of Derge and east of Palpung Monastery.

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Dzungar genocide

The Dzungar genocide was the mass extermination of the Mongol Buddhist Dzungar people, sometimes referred as "Zunghars", at the hands of the Manchu Qing dynasty of China and the Uyghurs of Xinjiang.

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Dzungar Khanate

The Dzungar Khanate, also written as the Zunghar Khanate, was an Oirat khanate on the Eurasian Steppe.

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Dzungaria

Dzungaria (also spelled Zungaria, Dzungharia or Zungharia, Dzhungaria or Zhungaria, or Djungaria or Jungaria) is a geographical region in northwest China corresponding to the northern half of Xinjiang, also known as Beijiang.

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E. Gene Smith

E.

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Early Buddhist schools

The early Buddhist schools are those schools into which the Buddhist monastic saṅgha initially split, due originally to differences in vinaya and later also due to doctrinal differences and geographical separation of groups of monks.

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Easily confused Buddhist representations

Easily confused Buddhist representations are images or statues that may resemble the mortal, historical Buddha known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Śākyamuni, or Tathāgata (or others), but were actually created to represent other individuals.

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East Asia

East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all share adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system." terms.

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East Asian Yogācāra

East Asian Yogācāra ("'Consciousness Only' school" or, "'Dharma Characteristics' school") refers to the traditions in East Asia which represent the Indian Yogacara system of thought.

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Eastern philosophy

Eastern philosophy or Asian philosophy includes the various philosophies that originated in East and South Asia including Chinese philosophy, Japanese philosophy, Korean philosophy which are dominant in East Asia and Vietnam, and Indian philosophy (including Buddhist philosophy) which are dominant in South Asia, Tibet and Southeast Asia.

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Eastern religions

The Eastern religions are the religions originating in East, South and Southeast Asia and thus having dissimilarities with Western religions.

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Eclectic school

The Eclectic school of medicine (Eclectics, or Eclectici, Ἐκλεκτικοί) was an ancient school of medicine in ancient Greece and Rome.

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Eleven-Faced Avalokitesvara Heart Dharani Sutra

The Heart-dhāraṇī of Avalokiteśvara-ekadaśamukha Sūtra (Chinese:佛說十一面觀世音神咒經; Japanese:十一面神呪心經 Jūichimen-jinshushin-gyō) is a Buddhist text first translated from Sanskrit into Chinese on the 28th day of the third lunar month of 656 CE, by Xuanzang.

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Eljigin

The Eljigin people are a Khalkha Mongolian sub-ethnic group.

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Endless knot

The endless knot or eternal knot (śrīvatsa; Tibetan དཔལ་བེའུ། dpal be'u; Mongolian Ulzii) is a symbolic knot and one of the Eight Auspicious Symbols.

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Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup, 3rd Panchen Lama

Ensapa Lobsang Döndrup (1505–1568) was a Tibetan Buddhist religious leader.

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Erdene Zuu Monastery

The Erdene Zuu Monastery (Эрдэнэ Зуу хийд, Chinese:光顯寺, Tibetan:ལྷུན་གྲུབ་བདེ་ཆེན་གླིང་) is probably the earliest surviving Buddhist monastery in Mongolia.

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Erdne Ombadykow

Erdne Ombadykow (born October 27, 1972 in Philadelphia), also known as Telo Tulku Rinpoche, is the Tibetan Buddhist spiritual leader of the Kalmyk people.

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Erythrina

Erythrina is a genus of flowering plants in the pea family, Fabaceae.

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Esoteric Buddhism (book)

Esoteric Buddhism is a book originally published in 1883 in London; it was compiled by a member of the Theosophical Society, A. P. Sinnett.

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Estêvão Cacella

Estêvão Cacella (1585 – 1630) was a Portuguese Jesuit missionary.

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Eternity

Eternity in common parlance is an infinitely long period of time.

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Ethnic groups in Asia

In terms of Asian people, there is an abundance of ethnic groups in Asia, with adaptations to the climate zones of the continent, which include Arctic, subarctic, temperate, subtropical or tropical, as well as extensive desert regions in Central and Western Asia.

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Ethnic issues in China

Ethnic issues in China arise from Chinese history, nationalism, and other factors.

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Eurasian Steppe

The Eurasian Steppe, also called the Great Steppe or the steppes, is the vast steppe ecoregion of Eurasia in the temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands biome.

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Evenks

The Evenks (also spelled Ewenki or Evenki) (autonym: Эвэнкил Evenkil; Эвенки Evenki; Èwēnkè Zú; formerly known as Tungus or Tunguz; Хамниган Khamnigan) are a Tungusic people of Northern Asia.

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Faith in Nyingma Buddhist Dharma

In the Nyingma Tibetan Buddhist Dharma teachings faith's essence is to make one's being, and perfect dharma, inseparable.

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Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski

Ferdynand Antoni Ossendowski (27 May 1876 – 3 January 1945) was a Polish writer, explorer, university professor, and anti-Communist political activist.

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Fierce deities

In Buddhism, fierce deities are the fierce, wrathful or forceful (Tibetan: trowo, Sanskrit: krodha) forms of enlightened Buddhas, Bodhisattvas or Devas (divine beings).

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Five faults and eight antidotes

The five faults and eight antidotes are factors of samatha meditation identified in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition.

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Five Pure Lights

The Five Pure Lights is an essential teaching in the Dzogchen tradition of Bon and Tibetan Buddhism.

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Five Tibetan Rites

The Five Tibetan Rites is a system of exercises reported to be more than 2,500 years oldKelder, Peter: The Eye of Revelation.

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Five wisdoms

The Five Wisdoms are five kinds of wisdoms which appear when the mind is purified of the five disturbing emotions and the natural mind appears.

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Flag of Bhutan

The national flag of Bhutan (ཧྥ་རན་ས་ཀྱི་དར་ཆ་) is one of the national symbols of Bhutan.

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Forbidden City

The Forbidden City is a palace complex in central Beijing, China.

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Forced conversion

Forced conversion is adoption of a different religion or irreligion under duress.

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Foreign relations of Tibet

The foreign relations of Tibet are documented from the 7th century onward, when Buddhism was introduced by missionaries from India.

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Fort Young Hotel

Fort Young Hotel is a hotel on the quayside of Roseau, Dominica, located in the southern part of the capital next to Garraway Hotel and Dominica Museum and Roseau Public Library, just south of the Governor's Residence and Roseau Cathedral.

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Forty Signs of Rain

Forty Signs of Rain (2004) is the first book in the hard science fiction "Science in the Capital" trilogy by Kim Stanley Robinson.

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Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition

The Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition (FPMT) was founded in 1975 by Lamas Thubten Yeshe and Thubten Zopa Rinpoche, who began teaching Buddhism to Western students in Nepal.

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Four harmonious animals

The four harmonious animals, four harmonious friends or four harmonious brothers figure in Jātaka tales and other Buddhist mythology, and can often be found as subject in Bhutanese and Tibetan art.

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Four Noble Truths

The Four Noble Truths refer to and express the basic orientation of Buddhism in a short expression: we crave and cling to impermanent states and things, which are dukkha, "incapable of satisfying" and painful.

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Four Oirat

The Four Oirat (Dorben Oirad), also known as the Alliance of the Four Oirat tribes or the Oirat confederation (Oirads; Mongolian: Дөрвөн Ойрад; in the past, also Eleuths), was the confederation of the Oirat tribes, which marked the rise of the Western Mongols in Mongolian history.

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Fourth Way

The Fourth Way is an approach to self-development described by George Gurdjieff which he developed over years of travel in the East (c. 1890 - 1912).

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Francis Tiso

Father Francis V. Tiso (born 19 September 1950) is a Catholic priest, scholar, and writer interested in inter-religious dialogue and Tibetan Buddhism.

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Francisco Varela

Francisco Javier Varela García (September 7, 1946 – May 28, 2001) was a Chilean biologist, philosopher, and neuroscientist who, together with his teacher Humberto Maturana, is best known for introducing the concept of autopoiesis to biology, and for co-founding the Mind and Life Institute to promote dialog between science and Buddhism.

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Frans August Larson

Frans August Larson (April 2, 1870 – December 19, 1957) was a Swedish missionary to Mongolia.

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Freda Bedi

Freda Bedi (sometimes spelled Frida Bedi, also named Sister Palmo, or Gelongma Karma Kechog Palmo) (5 February 1911 – 26 March 1977) was a British woman who was the first Western woman to take ordination in Tibetan Buddhism, which occurred in 1972.

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Frederick Lenz

Frederick Philip Lenz, III, Ph.D., also known as Rama (Sanskrit: रामा) and Atmananda (Sanskrit: आत्मानदा; February 9, 1950 in San Diego, California – April 12, 1998), was a spiritual teacher who taught what he termed American Buddhism, including the teachings of Tibetan Buddhism, Zen, Vedanta, and Mysticism.

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Freedom in Exile

Freedom in Exile: The Autobiography of the Dalai Lama is the second autobiography of the 14th Dalai Lama, released in 1991.

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Freedom of religion in China

Freedom of religion in China is provided for in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China,Constitution of China, Chapter 2, Article 36.

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Freedom of religion in India

Freedom of religion in India is a fundamental right guaranteed by Article 25-28 of the Constitution of India.

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Freedom of religion in Mongolia

The Constitution of Mongolia provides for freedom of religion, and the Mongolian Government generally respects this right in practice; however, the law somewhat limits proselytism, and some religious groups have faced bureaucratic harassment or been denied registration.

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Freedom of religion in Nepal

Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007.

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Funeral

A funeral is a ceremony connected with the burial, cremation, or interment of a corpse, or the burial (or equivalent) with the attendant observances.

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Funerary text

Funerary texts or funerary literature feature in many belief systems.

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Gaden Choeling Nunnery

Ganden Choeling Nunnery or Geden Chöling is a Tibetan Buddhist vihara for Buddhist nuns in Dharamshala, India.

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Galdan Namchot

Galdan Namchot is a festival celebrated in Ladakh, India.

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Galden Jampaling Monastery

Galden Jampaling Monastery is a Buddhist monastery in Chamdo, Tibet, China.

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Gampo Abbey

Gampo Abbey is a Western Buddhist monastery in the Shambhala tradition in Nova Scotia, Canada.

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Gampopa

Gampopa "the man from Gampo" Sönam Rinchen (1079–1153) was a Tibetan Buddhist teacher in the Kagyu lineage, as well as a doctor and tantric master who founded the Dagpo Kagyu school.

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Gandaki River

The Gandaki River (also known as the Narayani and the Gandak) is one of the major rivers of Nepal and a left bank tributary of the Ganges in India.

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Gandavyuha

The Gaṇḍavyūha Sutra or The Flower Ornament Scripture is a Buddhist Mahayana Sutra of Indian origin dating roughly c. 200 to 300 CE.

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Ganden Phodrang

The Ganden Phodrang or Ganden Podrang was the Tibetan government that was established by the 5th Dalai Lama with the help of the Güshi Khan of the Khoshut in 1642.

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Ganden Sumtseling Monastery

The Ganden Sumtsenling Monastery, also known as Sungtseling and Guihuasi (Tibetan: དགའ་ལྡན་སུམ་རྩེན་གླིང་, Wylie: dga' ldan sum rtsen gling, THL: ganden sumtsenling; Chinese: 松赞林寺, pinyin: Sōngzànlín Sì), is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery situated from the city of Zhongdian at elevation in Yunnan province, China.

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Ganden Tripa

The Ganden Tripa or Gaden Tripa ("Holder of the Ganden Throne") is the title of the spiritual leader of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, the school that controlled central Tibet from the mid-17th century until the 1950s.

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Gandharan Buddhism

Gandhāran Buddhism refers to the Buddhist culture of ancient Gandhāra which was a major center of Buddhism in the Indian subcontinent from the 3rd century BCE to approximately 1200 CE.

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Gandhola Monastery

Gandhola Monastery (Gaṅdolā, also called Gondla, Gondhla, Kundlah, or Guru Ghantal Gompa) is about before Keylong in Lahaul and Spiti district, Himachal Pradesh, India on the road from Manali, Himachal Pradesh.

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Gangshar Wangpo

Khenpo Gangshar Wangpo (b. 1925-?) was a highly respected lama in Eastern Tibet and one of the primary teachers of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche (the 11th Trungpa tulku) and the 9th Thrangu Rinpoche.

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Gangtok

Gangtok is a city, municipality, the capital and the largest town of the Indian state of Sikkim.

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Gankhüügiin Pürevbat

Gankhüügiin Pürevbat (Ганхүүгийн Пүрэвбат) is a Mongolian artist painter, art collector, museum director and Buddhist teacher in the Vajrayana School.

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Gankyil

The Gankyil (Lhasa) or "wheel of joy" (cakra) is a symbol and ritual tool used in Tibetan and East Asian Buddhism.

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Ganna Walska

Ganna Walska (born Hanna Puacz on June 26, 1887 – March 2, 1984) was a Polish opera singer and garden enthusiast who created the Lotusland botanical gardens at her mansion in Montecito, California.

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Gansu

Gansu (Tibetan: ཀན་སུའུ་ Kan su'u) is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northwest of the country.

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Garab Dorje

Garab Dorje (Fl. 55 CE)Dharma Fellowship (2005).

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Garchen Rinpoche

Garchen Rinpoche (born 1936, east Tibet) is a Tibetan Buddhist teacher in the Drikung Kagyu lineage.

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Gareth Sparham

Gareth Sparham is a scholar and translator in the field of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture

Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture also known as Ganzi (THL Kardzé Börik Rangkyongkhül) — is an autonomous prefecture of China occupying the western arm of Sichuan.

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Garzê Town

Garzê or Gānzī (Tibetan: དཀར་མཛེས་ Kandze), is a town and county seat in Garzê County, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in western Sichuan Province, China.

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Gavin D'Costa

Gavin D'Costa (born 1958) is the Professor of Catholic Theology at the University of Bristol, Great Britain.

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Gönlung Jampa Ling monastery

Gönlung Jampa Ling; Tibetan: དགོན་ལུང་བྱམས་པ་གླིང་།, Wylie: dgon lung byams pa gling; Chinese: 佑宁寺, pinyin:Yòuníng Sì) is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of Gelug sect in the Gonlung County of Qinghai province, China. The monastery was founded in 1604 by Gyeltse Donyo Chokyi Gyatso. Gönlung Jampa Ling housed the first Geluk seminary in Northeastern Tibet and was the seat if a number of important, high-ranking lamas including the Changkya and Thuken incarnation lineages. Gonlung is one of four famous Tibetan monasteries (Chuzang, Serkhog, Jakhyung and Gonlung) in north-east Qinghai, earlier considered as a border area between Tibet and China. In 1724 the monastery was destroyed by the Manchus during the suppression of Lhazang Khan, but rebuilt in 1732.

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Güshi Khan

Güshi Khan (also spelled Gushri Khan, Гүш хаан, གུ་ཤྲཱི་བསྟན་འཛིན, 1582 – 14 January 1655) was a Khoshut prince and leader of the Khoshut Khanate, who supplanted the Tumed descendants of Altan Khan as the main benefactor of the Dalai Lama and the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Ge'nyen Massif

The Ge'nyen Massif, is a mountain in the Shaluli Mountains of southwestern China.

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Gedhun Choekyi Nyima

Gedhun Choekyi Nyima is the 11th Panchen Lama of Tibetan Buddhism as announced by the Dalai Lama, but rejected by the search team led by Lobzang Gyeltsen Sengge Lama (生钦·洛桑坚赞).

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Gelek Rimpoche

Kyabje Nawang Gehlek Rimpoche was a Tibetan Buddhist lama who was born in Lhasa, Tibet on 26 October 1939.

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Gelug

The Gelug (Wylie: dGe-Lugs-Pa) is the newest of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Genocides in history

Genocide is the deliberate and systematic destruction, in whole or in part, of an ethnic, racial, religious or national group.

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Germaine Krull

Germaine Luise Krull (20 November 1897 – 31 July 1985) was a photographer, political activist, and hotel owner.

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Geshe

Geshe (Tib. dge bshes, short for dge-ba'i bshes-gnyen, "virtuous friend"; translation of Skt. kalyāņamitra) or geshema is a Tibetan Buddhist academic degree for monks and nuns.

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Geshe Acharya Thubten Loden

Geshe Acharya Thubten Loden is the spiritual leader of the Tibetan Buddhist Society in Australia.

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Geshe Gyeltsen

Geshe Tsultim Gyeltsen (1923 – February 13, 2009) was a Tibetan lama and human rights activist living in the United States.

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Ghost

In folklore, a ghost (sometimes known as an apparition, haunt, phantom, poltergeist, shade, specter or spectre, spirit, spook, and wraith) is the soul or spirit of a dead person or animal that can appear to the living.

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Ghosts in Tibetan culture

There is widespread belief in ghosts in Tibetan culture.

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Ghum Monastery

Old Ghoom Monastery is the popular name of Yiga Choeling.

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Girdle

The term girdle, meaning "belt", commonly refers to the liturgical attire that normally closes a cassock in many Christian denominations, including the Anglican Communion, Methodist Church and Lutheran Church.

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Glenn H. Mullin

Glenn H. Mullin (born 1949, Quebec, Canada) is a Tibetologist who lived in the Indian Himalayas between 1972 and 1984, where he studied philosophy, literature, meditation, yoga, and the enlightenment culture under thirty-five of the great living masters from the four schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Glossary of Buddhism

Some Buddhist terms and concepts lack direct translations into English that cover the breadth of the original term.

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Goddess

A goddess is a female deity.

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Gohonzon

Gohonzon is a generic term for a venerated religious object in Japanese Buddhism.

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Golden Horde

The Golden Horde (Алтан Орд, Altan Ord; Золотая Орда, Zolotaya Orda; Алтын Урда, Altın Urda) was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire.

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Golden Urn

The Golden Urn refers to a method introduced by the Qing Empire in the late-18th century to select rinpoches, lamas and other high offices within Tibetan Buddhism.

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Golok rebellions (1917–49)

The Ngolok rebellions (1917-1949) were a series of military campaigns against unconquered Ngolok (Golok) tribal Tibetan areas of Qinghai (Amdo), undertaken by two Hui commanders, Gen.

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Gomchen Pema Chewang Tamang

Gomchen Pema Chewang Tamang (1918–1966) was a Tibetan buddhist scholar, teacher and a renounced practitioner.

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Gompa

Gompas, Gönpas, or Gumbas ("remote place", Sanskrit araṇya), also known as ling, are Buddhist ecclesiastical fortifications of learning, lineage and sādhanā that may be understood as a conflation of a fortification, a vihara and a university associated with Tibetan Buddhism and thus common in historical Tibetan regions including parts of China, India, Nepal, Ladakh and Bhutan.

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Gompa Drophan Ling in Darnków

Gompa Drophan Ling (in dzongkha: Benefit for everyone) of the Polish Buddhist Khordong Association in Darnków in the Table Mountains, is the Buddhist centre of Bhutanese and Tibetan traditions in Poland.

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Gonchen Monastery

Gonchen (also known as Derge Monastery) is a large Sakya Tibetan Buddhist monastery in the town of Derge, in Sichuan, China.

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Gonggar County

Gonggar County, also Gongkar, is a county of Shannan in the Tibet Autonomous Region, one of the 12 counties of the prefecture.

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Gongkar Chö Monastery

The Gongkar Chö Monastery or Gongkar Dorjé Monastery is located in Gonggar County, Lhoka Province, Tibet Autonomous Region near Gonggar Dzong and Lhasa Gonggar Airport.

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Gongma Drakpa Gyaltsen

Gongma Drakpa Gyaltsen (1374–1432) was a King of Tibet who ruled in 1385–1432.

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Gorampa

Gorampa Sonam Senge (1429-1489Dreyfus (2003) p.301) was an important philosopher in the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Gorlos Mongols

The Gorlos (Khalkha-Mongolian:Горлос/Gorlos) are a Southern Mongol subgroup in Qian Gorlos Mongol Autonomous County, China.

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Goshir Gyaltsab

Goshir Gyaltsab Rinpoche is a leading incarnate lama (tulku) in the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Gradualism

Gradualism, from the Latin gradus ("step"), is a hypothesis, a theory or a tenet assuming that change comes about gradually or that variation is gradual in nature and happens over time as opposed to in large steps.

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Great Tibetan Marathon

The annually recurring Great Tibetan Marathon is a marathon takes place on the Tibetan Plateau in northern India - also known as little Tibet.

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Greater India

The term Greater India is most commonly used to encompass the historical and geographic extent of all political entities of the Indian subcontinent, and the regions which are culturally linked to India or received significant Indian cultural influence.

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Green Lama

The Green Lama is a fictional pulp magazine hero of the 1940s.

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Guangren Temple

Guangren Temple, also called Guangren Lama Temple, is a Buddhist temple located in Lianhu District of Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.

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Guangzong Temple (Inner Mongolia)

Guangzong Temple, more commonly known as the Southern Temple, is a Buddhist temple located in Bieli Town of Alxa Left Banner, Inner Mongolia, China.

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Guanyin

Guanyin or Guan Yin is an East Asian bodhisattva associated with compassion and venerated by Mahayana Buddhists and followers of Chinese folk religions, also known as the "Goddess of Mercy" in English.

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Guhyasamāja Tantra

The Guhyasamāja Tantra (Sanskrit: Guhyasamājatantra; Tibetan: Gsang ’dus rtsa rgyud (Toh 442); Tantra of the Secret Community) is one of the most important scriptures of Tantric Buddhism.

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Gullu Yologlu

Gullu Yologlu - PhD, Doctor of Historical Sciences has contributed ethnology, folklore studies, literature, history, religious studies and other scientific fields in Azerbaijan by providing rich information, analysis and outcomes with her scholarly and scholarly-publicistic articles and books, and her scientific and artistic radio and television programs for more than 20 years.

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Guo Jun

Ven.

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Guru

Guru (गुरु, IAST: guru) is a Sanskrit term that connotes someone who is a "teacher, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field.

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Guru–shishya tradition

The guru–shishya tradition, or parampara ("lineage"), denotes a succession of teachers and disciples in traditional Indian culture and religions such as Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism (Tibetan and Zen tradition).

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Gurudongmar Lake

Gurudongmar Lake is one of the highest lakes in the world and in India, located at an altitude of, in the Indian state of Sikkim.

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Gurung shamanism

Gurung Shamanism is one of the oldest religions in Nepal.

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Gusinoye Ozero (rural locality)

Gusinoye Ozero (Гуси́ное О́зеро; Buryat: Тамча) is a village (selo) in Selenginsky District of the Buryat Republic, Russia, located on the south-western shore of Lake Gusinoye.

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Guy Newland

Guy Martin Newland (born 1955) is a scholar of Tibetan Buddhism who has been a professor at Central Michigan University in Mount Pleasant, Michigan since 1988.

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Gyaincain Norbu

Chökyi Gyalpo, also referred to by his secular name Gyaincain Norbu, is the 11th Panchen Lama selected by the government of People's Republic of China.

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Gyaling

The gyaling (also spelled gya ling, gya-ling, jahlin, jah-lin, jahling, jah-ling, Rgya-gling etc.) Gyaling literally meaning "Indian trumpet" is a traditional woodwind instrument used in Tibet.

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Gyalpo Pehar

According to Tibetan Buddhist myth, Gyalpo Pehar is a spirit belonging to the gyalpo class.

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Gyalpo spirits

Gyalpo spirits are one of the eight classes of haughty gods and spirits in Tibetan mythology and religion.

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Gyalwang Drukpa

The Gyalwang Drukpa is the honorific title of the head of the Drukpa Lineage, one of the independent Sarma (new) schools of Vajrayana Buddhism.

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Gyalwang Pagsam Wangpo

Pagsam Wangpo (dpag bsam dbang po) (1593-1653 CE), a key figure in the history of the Drukpa Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism, was born at Chonggye (phyong rgyas), in the Tsang province of Tibet a natural son of the prince of Chonggye, Ngawang Sonam Dragpa.

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Gyuto Order

Gyuto (also spelled Gyütö or Gyüto) Tantric University is one of the great monastic institutions of the Gelug Order.

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Halo (religious iconography)

A halo (from Greek ἅλως, halōs; also known as a nimbus, aureole, glory, or gloriole) is a crown of light rays, circle or disk of light that surrounds a person in art.

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Hamnigan

The Hamnigan Buryats or Khamnigan are Mongolized Evenks of Tungusic origin.

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Hanle Monastery

Hanle Monastery is a 17th-century gompa of the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism located in the Hanle Valley, Leh district, Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India on an old branch of the ancient Ladakh-Tibet trade route.

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Harvard Divinity School

Harvard Divinity School is one of the constituent schools of Harvard University, located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.

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Hayagriva (Buddhism)

In Tibetan and Japanese Buddhism, Hayagrīva ("having the neck of a horse") is an important deity who originated as a yaksha attendant of Avalokiteśvara or Guanyin Bodhisattva in India.

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Head of state

A head of state (or chief of state) is the public persona that officially represents the national unity and legitimacy of a sovereign state.

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Heart Sutra

The Heart Sūtra (Sanskrit or Chinese 心經 Xīnjīng) is a popular sutra in Mahāyāna Buddhism.

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Hebei

Hebei (postal: Hopeh) is a province of China in the North China region.

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Heilongjiang

Heilongjiang (Wade-Giles: Heilungkiang) is a province of the People's Republic of China.

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Helena Blavatsky

Helena Petrovna Blavatsky (Еле́на Петро́вна Блава́тская, Yelena Petrovna Blavatskaya; 8 May 1891) was a Russian occultist, philosopher, and author who co-founded the Theosophical Society in 1875.

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Hemis Monastery

Hemis Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery (gompa) of the Drukpa Lineage, in Hemis, Ladakh, India.

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Hemis National Park

Hemis National Park (or Hemis High Altitude National Park) is a high altitude national park in the eastern Ladakh region of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in India.

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Henk Blezer

H.W.A. (Henk) Blezer (born July 14, 1961 in Schaesberg) is a Dutch Tibetologist, Indologist, and scholar of Buddhist studies.

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Himalayan Buddhism

Himalayan Buddhism is a term used to collectively refer to the Buddhist schools of Tibet, Bhutan, and regions of Nepal, and those practiced in the Indian Himalayan regions of Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Darjeeling, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.

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Hinayana

"Hīnayāna" is a Sanskrit term literally meaning the "inferior vehicle".

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Hiranya Varna Mahavihar

Hiraṇyavarṇa Mahāvihāra (हिरण्यवर्ण महाविहार), also Kwa Bahal (क्वबहा) informally called The Golden Temple with literal meaning "Gold-colored Great Monastery" is a historical vihara (Buddhist monastery) situated in Patan, Nepal.

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History of art

The history of art focuses on objects made by humans in visual form for aesthetic purposes.

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History of Asian art

The history of Asian art or Eastern art, includes a vast range of influences from various cultures and religions.

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History of Bhutan

Bhutan's early history is steeped in mythology and remains obscure.

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History of Buddhism

The history of Buddhism spans from the 5th century BCE to the present.

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History of Buddhism in India

Buddhism is a world religion, which arose in and around the ancient Kingdom of Magadha (now in Bihar, India), and is based on the teachings of Siddhārtha Gautama who was deemed a "Buddha" ("Awakened One").

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History of European exploration in Tibet

Tibet has attracted European missionaries and explorers for over 500 years.

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History of Kashmir

The history of Kashmir is intertwined with the history of the broader Indian subcontinent and the surrounding regions, comprising the areas of Central Asia, South Asia and East Asia.

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History of Mongolia

Various nomadic empires, including the Xiongnu (3rd century BCE to 1st century CE), the Xianbei state (93 to 234 CE), the Rouran Khaganate (330-555), the Turkic Khaganate (552-744) and others, ruled the area of present-day Mongolia.

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History of Siberia

The early history of Siberia is greatly influenced by the sophisticated nomadic civilizations of the Scythians (Pazyryk) on the west of the Ural Mountains and Xiongnu (Noin-Ula) on the east of the Urals, both flourishing before the Christian era.

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History of Sikkim

The history of Sikkim an area in present-day North-East India, began in 1642 as a kingdom established when India and Nepal were still many princely states with many rulers at that time and had not unified to the present Union of India and present country of Nepal.

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History of the Eastern Orthodox Church

The history of the Eastern Orthodox Church is traced back to Jesus Christ and the Apostles.

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History of the Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty (January 23, 1368 – April 25, 1644), officially the Great Ming or Empire of the Great Ming, founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang, known as the Hongwu Emperor, was an imperial dynasty of China.

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History of the Uyghur people

Uyghur nationalist historians in the People's Republic of China posit that the Uyghur people is millennia-old, and can be divided into four distinct phases: Pre-Imperial (300 BC – AD 630), Imperial (AD 630–840), Idiqut (AD 840–1200), and Mongol (AD 1209–1600), with perhaps a fifth modern phase running from the death of the Silk Road in AD 1600 until the present.

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History of Tibet

Tibetan history, as it has been recorded, is particularly focused on the history of Buddhism in Tibet.

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History of Tibet (1950–present)

The history of Tibet from 1950 to the present started with the Chinese People's Liberation Army Invading Tibet in 1950.

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History of Tibetan Buddhism

Buddhism was first actively disseminated in Tibet from the 7th to the 9th century CE, predominantly from India, but also influenced by Chinese Buddhism.

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History of Xinjiang

The recorded history of the area now known as Xinjiang dates to the 2nd millennium BC.

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Hohhot

Hohhot, abbreviated in Chinese as Hushi, formerly known as Kweisui, is the capital of Inner Mongolia in the north of the People's Republic of China, serving as the region's administrative, economic and cultural center.

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Hollow Earth

The Hollow Earth is a historical concept proposing that the planet Earth is entirely hollow or contains a substantial interior space.

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Hollyhock Retreat

Hollyhock Lifelong Learning Centre is a not-for-profit educational institute dedicated to lifelong learning and cultural transformation through courses, conferences and community.

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Holy Isle, Firth of Clyde

The Holy Isle (Scottish Gaelic: Eilean MoLaise) is one of a number of islands in the United Kingdom which go under the name "Holy Island".

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Holy places

Holy places are sites that religions considers to be of special religious significance.

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Hong Taiji

Hong Taiji (28November 159221 September1643), sometimes written as Huang Taiji and also referred to as Abahai in Western literature, was an Emperor of the Qing dynasty.

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Honzon

Honzon, sometimes referred to as a Gohonzon, is the enshrined main image or principal deity in Japanese Buddhism.

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House arrest

In justice and law, house arrest (also called home confinement, home detention, or, in modern times, electronic monitoring) is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to a residence.

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House church (China)

In China, house churches or family churches are Christian assemblies in the People's Republic of China that operate independently from the state-sanctioned Three-Self Patriotic Movement (TSPM) and China Christian Council (CCC), and came into existence due to the change in religious policy after the end of the Cultural Revolution in the early-1980s.

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Hruso people

The Aka, also known as Hrusso, are found in the Thrizino (cultural hub), Bhalukpong (commercial hub), Buragaon, Jamiri, Palizi, Khuppi area in West Kameng of the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.

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Hu Jia (activist)

Hu Jia (born July 25, 1973, in Beijing) is a Chinese civil rights activist and noted critic of Communist Party of China.

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Hui people

The Hui people (Xiao'erjing: خُوِذُو; Dungan: Хуэйзў, Xuejzw) are an East Asian ethnoreligious group predominantly composed of Han Chinese adherents of the Muslim faith found throughout China, mainly in the northwestern provinces of the country and the Zhongyuan region.

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Human rights in China

Human rights in China is a highly contested topic, especially for the fundamental human rights periodically reviewed by the United Nations Human Rights Committee, on which the government of the People's Republic of China and various foreign governments and human rights organizations have often disagreed.

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Human rights in Tibet

Human rights in Tibet is a contentious issue.

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Human sacrifice

Human sacrifice is the act of killing one or more humans, usually as an offering to a deity, as part of a ritual.

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Humla District

Humla District(हुम्ला जिल्ला, a part of Karnali province, is one of the seventy-seven districts of Nepal. The district, with Simikot as its district headquarters, covers an area of 5,655 km² and has population of 50,858 as per the census of 2011. The Northern part of Humla District is inhabited by Buddhists, originating from Tibet, whereas the South is mostly inhabited by Hindus.

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Hungry ghost

Hungry ghost is a concept in Chinese Buddhism and Chinese traditional religion representing beings who are driven by intense emotional needs in an animalistic way.

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Hyung Jin Moon

Hyung Jin Sean Moon (born September 26, 1979)Staff report (1979).

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Ilkhanate

The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate (ایلخانان, Ilxānān; Хүлэгийн улс, Hu’legīn Uls), was established as a khanate that formed the southwestern sector of the Mongol Empire, ruled by the Mongol House of Hulagu.

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Immigration to Bhutan

Immigration to Bhutan has an extensive history and has become one of the country's most contentious social, political, and legal issues.

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Immortality

Immortality is eternal life, being exempt from death, unending existence.

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Imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty

The imperial hunt of the Qing dynasty was an annual rite of the emperors of China during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911).

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Imperial Preceptor

The Imperial Preceptor, or Dishi (lit. "Teacher of the Emperor") was a high title and powerful post created by Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty.

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Incarnation

Incarnation literally means embodied in flesh or taking on flesh.

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Index of Bhutan-related articles

Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to Bhutan include.

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Index of Buddhism-related articles

No description.

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Index of China-related articles (0–L)

The following is a breakdown of the list of China-related topics.

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Index of China-related articles (M–Z)

The following is a breakdown of the list of China-related topics.

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Index of Mongolia-related articles

Articles (arranged alphabetically) related to Mongolia include: Individual administrative districts are listed in Sums of Mongolia.

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Index of philosophy articles (R–Z)

No description.

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Index of religion-related articles

Many Wikipedia articles on religious topics are not yet listed on this page.

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Index of Tibet-related articles

This is a list of topics related to Tibet.

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India–Mongolia relations

The relations between India and Mongolia (Монгол, Энэтхэгийн харилцаа) are still at a nascent stage and Indo-Mongolian cooperation is limited to diplomatic visits, provision of soft loans and financial aid and the collaborations in the IT sector.

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Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism

Indonesian Esoteric Buddhism or Esoteric Buddhism in Maritime Southeast Asia refers to the traditions of Esoteric Buddhism found in Maritime Southeast Asia which emerged in the 7th century along the maritime trade routes and port cities of the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra as well as in Malaysia.

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Inner critic

The inner critic or "critical inner voice" is a concept used in popular psychology and psychotherapy to refer to a subpersonality that judges and demeans a person.

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Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region or Nei Mongol Autonomous Region (Ѳвѳр Монголын Ѳѳртѳѳ Засах Орон in Mongolian Cyrillic), is one of the autonomous regions of China, located in the north of the country.

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Institute of Traditional Medicine Services (Bhutan)

The Institute of Traditional Medicine Services is based in Thimphu, the capital of Bhutan, located on a hilltop above the Traditional Arts Center and the National Library.

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Intermediate state

In some forms of Christian eschatology, the intermediate state or interim state refers to a person's "intermediate" existence between one's death and the universal resurrection.

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International Congress on Buddhist Women's Role in the Sangha

The International Congress on Buddhist Women's Role in the Sangha: Bhikshuni Vinaya and Ordination Lineages was an historic event that took place July 18–20, 2007.

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Involution (esoterism)

The term involution refers to different things depending on the writer.

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Islam in Mongolia

Islam in Mongolia is practiced by approximately 3 to 5% of the population.

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Islamicisation of Xinjiang

The historical area of what is modern day Xinjiang consisted of the distinct areas of the Tarim Basin (also known as Altishahr) and Dzungaria, and was populated by Indo-European Tocharians and Saka peoples, who practiced Buddhism.

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Istituto Lama Tzong Khapa

The Istituto Lama Tzong Khapa (ILTK) in Pomaia, a village in Tuscany, in Italy (40 km south of Pisa) is a branch of the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition (FPMT), an international network of Gelugpa dharma centers.

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Jacob's Ladder (1990 film)

Jacob's Ladder is a 1990 American psychological horror film directed by Adrian Lyne, produced by Alan Marshall, written by Bruce Joel Rubin and starring Tim Robbins, Elizabeth Peña, and Danny Aiello.

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Jake La Botz

Jake La Botz (born November 23, 1968) is an American blues singer, songwriter, actor and meditation teacher from Chicago, Illinois, United States.

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Jalaids

The Jalaid (Khalkha-Mongolian:Жалайд/Jalaid) are a Southern Mongol subgroup in Jalaid Banner, in China.

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James Hilton (novelist)

James Hilton (9 September 190020 December 1954) was an English novelist best remembered for several best-sellers, including Lost Horizon and Goodbye, Mr. Chips.

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Jamgon Ju Mipham Gyatso

Jamgön Ju Mipham, or Mipham Jamyang Namgyal Gyamtso (1846–1912) (also known as "Mipham the Great") was a very influential philosopher and polymath of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Jamyang Rinchen Gyaltsen

Jamyang Rinchen Gyeltsen (c. 1257 - 5 February 1305), was the ruler of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, which had precedence in Tibet under the Yuan dynasty, in 1286-1303.

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Jamyang Zhépa

The Jamyang Zhépas are a lineage of tulkus of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Jan Westerhoff

Jan Christoph Westerhoff is a philosopher and orientalist with specific interests in metaphysics and the philosophy of language.

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Jan Willis

Janice Dean Willis, or Jan Willis (born 1948) is Professor of Religion at Wesleyan University, where she has taught since 1977; and the author of books on Tibetan Buddhism.

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Janet Elliott Wulsin

Janet Elliott Wulsin (1894–1963) was an early 20th-century explorer, whose accomplishments place her in line with contemporary women explorers such as Alexandra David-Neel.

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Jangsem Sherap Zangpo

Jangsem Sherab Zangpo, also known as Jangsem Sherab Sangpo, (1395-1457) was a 15th-century Tibetan Buddhist monk and teacher, and one of the six contemporary disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, the founder of one of the newest school of Tibetan Buddhism, the Gelug school.

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Japa

Japa (जप) is the meditative repetition of a mantra or a divine name.

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Japanese Buddhist pantheon

The Japanese Buddhist Pantheon designates the multitude (the Pantheon) of various Buddhas, Bodhisattvas and lesser deities and eminent religious masters in Buddhism.

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Jargalant, Khövsgöl

Jargalant (Жаргалант, lit. "happiness") is a sum of Khövsgöl aimag.

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Jaruud

The Jaruud (Khalkha-Mongolian:Жарууд/Jaruud, "The Sixties") are a Southern Mongol subgroup in Jarud Banner, China.

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Jay L. Garfield

Jay Lazar Garfield (born 13 November 1955) is a professor and researcher that specializes on Tibetan Buddhism.

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Józef Kowalewski

Józef Kowalewski (Иосиф Михайлович Ковалевский) (9 January 1801 – 7 November 1878) was a Polish orientalist.

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Jānis Miglavs

Jānis Miglavs is a Latvian-American photographer and writer most noted for his work with myths and archetypal dreams of the most remote African tribes and vineyards/wineries of the world, most recently those in China.

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Je Khenpo

The Je Khenpo ("The Chief Abbot of the Central Monastic Body of Bhutan"), formerly called the Dharma Raj by orientalists, is the title given to the senior religious hierarch of Bhutan.

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Je Tsongkhapa

Zongkapa Lobsang Zhaba, or Tsongkhapa ("The man from Tsongkha", 1357–1419), usually taken to mean "the Man from Onion Valley", born in Amdo, was a famous teacher of Tibetan Buddhism whose activities led to the formation of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Jean-François Revel

Jean-François Revel (born Jean-François Ricard; 19 January 192430 April 2006) was a French journalist, philosopher, and a member of the Académie française from June 1998 onwards.

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Jebtsundamba Khutuktu

The Jebtsundamba Khutuktu (Chinese:哲布尊丹巴呼圖克圖, Жавзандамба хутагт, Jawzan Damba Khutagt;, THL Jétsün Dampa Hutuktu "Mongolian Holy Precious Master") are the spiritual heads of the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia.

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Jeffery Paine

Jeffery Paine is an award-winning writer recognized especially for his work in bringing Eastern culture and spirituality to popular audiences in the West.

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Jeffrey Hopkins

Jeffrey Hopkins (born 1940) is an American Tibetologist.

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Jennifer Lauck

Jennifer Lauck (born December 15, 1963) is an American fiction and non-fiction author, essayist, speaker and writing instructor.

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Jet Li

Li Lianjie (born 26 April 1963), better known by his stage name Jet Li, is a Chinese film actor, film producer, martial artist, and retired Wushu champion who was born in Beijing.

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Jetsun Lobsang Tenzin

Jetsun Lobsang Tenzin Rinpoche (1937 – 21 April 2017) was the 103rd Ganden Tripa (spiritual leader) of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Jetsunma Ahkon Lhamo

Jetsunma Ahkon Lhamo (born October 12, 1949; born Alyce Louise Zeoli) is an enthroned tulku within the Palyul lineage of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Jhākri

Jhākri (झाक्री) is the Nepali word for shaman (Witch Doctors).

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Jiang Qing (Confucian)

Jiang Qing (born 1953) is a contemporary Chinese Confucian.

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Jianmoda Monastery

Jianmoda Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Jonang sect in the Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai province, China.

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Jiddu Krishnamurti bibliography

Jiddu Krishnamurti or J. Krishnamurti, (12 May 189517 February 1986) was a writer and speaker on philosophical and spiritual issues including psychological revolution, the nature of the mind, meditation, human relationships, and bringing about positive social change.

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Jigdal Dagchen Sakya

Jigdal Dagchen Sakya Rinpoche (alt. Jigchai Dagqên Sa'gya Rinboqê; born November 2, 1929, died April 29, 2016) was a Tibetan Buddhist teacher educated in the Sakya sect.

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Jigdrel Changchub Dorje, 6th Dzogchen Rinpoche

Jigdrel Changchub Dorje (1935–1959) was the 6th Dzogchen Rinpoche of Tibet in the Nyingma sect of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista

Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista (Nepali:जिग्मे दोर्जे पलवर विष्ट) (1930-2016) was the unofficial King of Mustang (Tibetan: Lo rGyal-po, Nepalese: Mustang Rājā) between 1964 and 2008, until Monarchy, Semi-Monarchy, Vassals and Titular Kingship were abolished in Nepal.

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Jigme Lingpa

Jigme Lingpa (1729–1798) was a Tibetan tertön of the Nyingma sect of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Jigme Namgyal

Jigme Namgyal (also known as Jiming Nanjia) is the current vice-mayor of Lhasa.

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Jigme Phuntsok

Khenpo Jigme Phuntsok, born 1933– died January 7, 2004, (Tibetan:, Wylie transliteration: 'jigs med phun tshogs 'byung gnas) was a Nyingma lama from Sertha Region, His family were Tibetan nomads.

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Jigme Rinpoche

Jigme Rinpoche can refer to one of the following Tibetan Buddhist lamas.

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Jikme Losel Wangpo, 7th Dzogchen Rinpoche

Jikme Losel Wangpo (born 1964 in Sikkim) is the 7th Dzogchen Rinpoche of Tibet in the Nyingma sect of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Jinchuan campaigns

The Jinchuan campaigns, also known as the suppression of the Jinchuan Hill Peoples (Chinese: 平定两金川), were two wars between Qing Empire and the Tibetan rebel Tusi from the Jinchuan region.

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Jinpa Sonam

Geshe Lharampa Jinpa Sonam is a Tibetan Buddhist philosopher and Spiritual Director for the Indiana Buddhist Center.

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Jiugongdao

Jiugongdao (九宫道 "Way of the Nine Palaces") is a Chinese folk religious sect centered in the Wutai County of the province of Shanxi.

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Jnana

In Indian philosophy and religion, jñāna (Pali: ñāṇa) or gyan/gian (Hindi: jñān) is "knowledge".

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Jogindernagar

Joginder Nagar or Jogindar Nagar(Devanagari:जोगिन्दर नगर)is a municipal council and an administrative subdivision in Mandi district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh.

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Johan Reinhard

Johan Reinhard (born December 13, 1943), is an Explorer-in-Residence at the National Geographic Society.

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John David Morley

John David Morley (21 January 1948 – 18 February 2018) was an English writer and novelist.

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John de Ruiter

John de Ruiter (born November 11, 1959) is a Canadian nondualist author who conducts meetings and seminars on his own 'College of Integrated Philosophy' in Edmonton, Alberta and abroad.

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John Garrie

John Garrie, later known as John Garrie Roshi (May 18, 1923 – September 22, 1998), was a British actor who later became a respected teacher of Zen Buddhism.

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John Giorno

John Giorno (born December 4, 1936) is an American poet and performance artist.

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John Makransky

John Makransky is an American professor of Buddhism and comparative theology at Boston College and a meditation teacher within the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

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John Powers (academic)

John Powers (born 1957) is American born Professor of Asian Studies and Buddhism.

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John Steinbeck IV

John Steinbeck IV (June 12, 1946 – February 7, 1991) was an American journalist and author.

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John Wilkinson (chemist)

John Wilkinson (born 1961) is an English, independent scientist specialising primarily in organic chemistry, phytochemistry, pharmacognosy, and synergism in botanical medicines, botanical foods and ecological biochemistry, and who led the first European degree course (Bachelor of Science with Honours) for herbal medicine, at Middlesex University in the United Kingdom in 1994.

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Jomolhari

Jomolhari or Chomolhari sometimes known as "the bride of Kangchenjunga”, is a mountain in the Himalayas, straddling the border between Yadong County of Tibet, China and the Thimphu district of Bhutan.

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Jomsom

Jomsom (Nepali: जोमसोम), also known as Dzong-Sampa or New Fort, is a town located at an altitude of about 2700 m in Mustang District, Nepal.

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Jonang

The Jonang is one of the schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Jonathan Goldman

Jonathan Goldman is an American author, musician and teacher in the fields of Harmonics and Sound Healing.

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José Argüelles

José Argüelles, born Joseph Anthony Arguelles (January 24, 1939 – March 23, 2011), was an American New Age author and artist.

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Joseph Goguen

Joseph Amadee Goguen (28 June 1941 – 3 July 2006) was a US computer scientist.

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Joseph Goldstein (writer)

Joseph Goldstein (born 1944) is one of the first American vipassana teachers, co-founder of the Insight Meditation Society (IMS) with Jack Kornfield and Sharon Salzberg, contemporary author of numerous popular books on Buddhism (see publications below), resident guiding teacher at IMS, and leader of retreats worldwide on insight (vipassana) and lovingkindness (metta) meditation.

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Joshua Dugdale

Joshua Dugdale, (Birmingham 20 September 1974), is a British documentary film-maker.

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Judith Simmer-Brown

Judith Simmer-Brown is Distinguished Professor of Contemplative and Religious Studies at Naropa University.

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July 1967

The following events occurred in July 1967.

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June 1965

The following events occurred in June 1965.

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June Millington

June Millington (born April 14, 1948) is a Filipino American guitarist, songwriter, producer, educator, and actress who is perhaps best known for being a co-founder and lead guitarist of the all-female rock band Fanny, which was active from 1970 to 1974.

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Juniper Foundation

Juniper Foundation is an organization that works to adapt and promote meditation tradition in the modern world.

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K.d. lang

Kathryn Dawn Lang, OC (born November 2, 1961), known by her stage name k.d. lang, is a Canadian pop and country singer-songwriter and occasional actress.

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Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling

Ka-Nying Shedrub Ling is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery near Boudhanath, on the outskirts of Kathmandu, Nepal.

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Kadam (Tibetan Buddhism)

The Kadam school of Tibetan Buddhism was founded by Dromtön (1005–1064), a Tibetan lay master and the foremost disciple of the great Bengali master Atiśa (982-1054).

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Kagyu

The Kagyu, Kagyü, or Kagyud school, also known as the "Oral Lineage" or Whispered Transmission school, is today regarded as one of six main schools (chos lugs) of Himalayan or Tibetan Buddhism.

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Kagyu Samye Dzong London

Kagyu Samye Dzong London Tibetan Buddhist Centre for World Peace and Health is the London branch of Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery in Scotland.

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Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre

Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre is a Tibetan Buddhist complex associated with the Karma Kagyu school located at Eskdalemuir, near Langholm, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland.

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Kagyu Shenpen Kunchab

Kagyu Shenpen Kunchab (KSK) is a Tibetan Buddhist center of the Kagyu School located in Santa Fe, New Mexico.

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Kagyu-Dzong

The Kagyu-Dzong center is a Buddhist center in Paris, affiliated to the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Kalacakra

Kalacakra was a 1970s German psychedelic underground band formed by the duo Claus Rauschenbach and Heinz Martin.

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Kalachakra

The Kalachakra (Sanskrit कालचक्र,; Цогт Цагийн Хүрдэн Tsogt Tsagiin Hurden) is a term used in Vajrayana Buddhism that means wheel of time or "time-cycles".

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Kalimpong

Kalimpong is a hill station in the Indian state of West Bengal.

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Kalki

Kalki, also called Kalkin, is the tenth avatar of Hindu god Vishnu to end the Kali Yuga, one of the four periods in endless cycle of existence (krita) in Vaishnavism cosmology.

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Kalmyk Americans

Kalmyk Americans are Americans of Kalmyk descent.

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Kalmyk Khanate

The Kalmyk Khanate (Kalmyk: Хальмг хана улс) was an Oirat khanate on the Eurasian steppe.

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Kalmyk names

Besides their own Kalmyk (Oirat) names, Kalmyks also use Sanskrit and Tibetan names, which came into their culture through Tibetan Buddhism.

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Kalmykia

The Republic of Kalmykia (p; Хальмг Таңһч, Xaľmg Tañhç) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic).

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Kalmyks

The Kalmyks (Kalmyk: Хальмгуд, Xaľmgud, Mongolian: Халимаг, Halimag) are the Oirats in Russia, whose ancestors migrated from Dzungaria in 1607.

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Kalpa, Himachal Pradesh

Kalpa is a small town in the Sutlej river valley, above Recong Peo in the Kinnaur district of Himachal Pradesh, Northern India, in the Indian Himalaya.

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Kalu Rinpoche

Kalu Rinpoche (1905 – May 10, 1989) was a Buddhist lama, meditation master, scholar and teacher.

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Kamalaśīla

Kamalaśīla (Skt. Kamalaśīla; Tib. པདྨའི་ངང་ཚུལ་, Pemé Ngang Tsul; Wyl. pad+ma'i ngang tshul) (c. 740-795) was an Indian Buddhist of Nalanda Mahavihara who accompanied Śāntarakṣita (725–788) to Tibet at the request of Trisong Detsen.

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Kangchenjunga

Kangchenjunga (कञ्चनजङ्घा; कंचनजंघा; ཁང་ཅེན་ཛོཾག་), also spelled Kanchenjunga, is the third highest mountain in the world, and lies partly in Nepal and partly in Sikkim, India.

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Kangiten

Kangi-ten (歓喜天, "God of Bliss") is a god (deva or ten) in Shingon and Tendai schools of Japanese Buddhism.

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Kangling

Kangling, literally translated as "leg" (kang) "flute" (ling), is the Tibetan name for a trumpet or horn made out of a human femur, used in Tibetan Buddhism for various chöd rituals as well as funerals performed by a chöpa.

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Kangxi Emperor

The Kangxi Emperor (康熙; 4 May 165420 December 1722), personal name Xuanye, was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722.

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Kangyur

The Tibetan Buddhist canon is a loosely defined list of sacred texts recognized by various schools of Tibetan Buddhism, comprising the Kangyur or Kanjur ('The Translation of the Word') and the Tengyur or Tanjur (Tengyur) ('Translation of Treatises').

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Kargil

Kargil is a city in the Kargil district of Ladakh region, in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

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Kargil district

Kargil is a district of Ladakh division in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir.

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Karma Chagme

The name Karma Chagme refers to a 17th-century Tibetan Buddhist (Vajrayāna) lama and to the tülku (reincarnate lama) lineage which he initiated.

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Karma in Tibetan Buddhism

Karma in Tibetan Buddhism is one of the central issues addressed in Eastern philosophy, and an important part of its general practice.

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Karma Kagyu

Karma Kagyu, or Kamtsang Kagyu, is probably the 2nd largest and certainly the most widely practiced lineage within the Kagyu school, one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Karma Kagyud Buddhist Centre

Karma Kagyud Buddhist Centre is one of the several Tibetan Buddhism Vajrayana centers in Singapore, operating from temporary premises while the permanent building is undergoing reconstruction.

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Karma Phuntsok

Karma Phuntsok (born 1952 in Lhasa, Tibet) is a Tibetan painter.

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Karma Thinley Rinpoche

Karma Thinley Rinpoche, (b. 1931) is an important master of the Kagyu Mahamudra, Sakya Lamdré and Chod traditions of Tibetan Buddhism active in the west.

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Karma Triyana Dharmachakra

Karma Triyana Dharmachakra is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Woodstock, New York, United States, which serves as the North American seat of the 17th Gyalwa Karmapa, head of the Karma Kagyu lineage.

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Karmamudrā

Karmamudrā (Sanskrit; "action seal," erroneously: kāmamudrā or "desire seal," Tib. las-kyi phyag-rgya) is a Vajrayana Buddhist technique of sexual practice with a physical or visualized consort.

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Karmapa

The Karmapa (honorific title His Holiness the Gyalwa (རྒྱལ་བ་, Victorious One) Karmapa, more formally as Gyalwang (རྒྱལ་དབང་ཀརྨ་པ་, King of Victorious Ones) Karmapa, and informally as the Karmapa Lama) is the head of the Karma Kagyu, the largest sub-school of the Kagyu (བཀའ་བརྒྱུད), itself one of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Karmapa controversy

The recognition of the Seventeenth Karmapa, the head of the Karma Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism, has been the subject of controversy.

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Karmapa International Buddhist Institute

Karmapa International Buddhist Institute (also known as K.I.B.I. or KIBI) is a school of higher learning based on the great treatises of Buddhism.

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Karnataka

Karnataka also known Kannada Nadu is a state in the south western region of India.

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Karthok Monastery

Karthok Monastery is a Buddhist monastery in Pakyong, a town in the foothills of the Himalayas located in the East Sikkim district of the northeastern Indian state of Sikkim.

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Kartika (knife)

A kartika (Skt. kartri, katari; Tib. gri-gug, or kartrika in Nepal, also sometimes referred to in Tibetan as a trigug or drigug) is a small, crescent-shaped hand-held ritual flaying knife used in the tantric ceremonies of Vajrayana Buddhism.

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Karuṇā

Karuā (in both Sanskrit and Pali) is generally translated as compassion.

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Kasar Devi

Kasar Devi is a village near Almora, Uttarakhand.

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Kasaya (clothing)

Kāṣāya (kāṣāya; kasāva; කසාවත) are the robes of fully ordained Buddhist monks and nuns, named after a brown or saffron dye.

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Katok Monastery

Katok Monastery (THL Katok Dorjé Den), also transliterated as Kathok or Kathog Monastery, is one of the six principal ("mother") monasteries of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Katok Tsewang Norbu

Katok Tsewang Norbu' (1698–1755) was a teacher of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism) who notably championed the shentong or "empty of other" view first popularised by the Jonang school as well as examining the Chan Buddhist teachings of Hashang Mahayana, known as Moheyan. Despite the shentong view being banned as heretical, he successfully taught and cultivated its teachings as a legitimate view among the Nyingmapa. His seat was the Katok Monastery of Tibet.

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Kawagarbo

Kawa Garbo or Khawa Karpo (also transcribed as Kawadgarbo, Khawakarpo, Moirig Kawagarbo, Kawa Karpo or Kha-Kar-Po), as it is known by local residents and pilgrims, or Kawagebo Peak, is the highest mountain in the Chinese province of Yunnan.

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Kazi Dawa Samdup

"Lama" Kazi Dawa Samdup (17 June 1868 – 22 March 1923) is now best known as one of the first translators of important works of Tibetan Buddhism into the English language and a pioneer central to the transmission of Buddhism in the West.

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Külüg Khan

Külüg Khan (Mongolian: Хөлөг хаан, Hülüg Khaan, Külüg qaγan), born Khayishan (also spelled Khayisan, Хайсан, meaning "wall"), also known by the temple name Wuzong (Emperor Wuzong of Yuan) (August 4, 1281 – January 27, 1311), Prince of Huai-ning (懷寧王) in 1304-7,was an emperor of the Yuan dynasty.

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Kīla (Buddhism)

The kīla or phurba (Sanskrit Devanagari: कील; IAST: kīla;, alternate transliterations and English orthographies: phurpa, phurbu, purbha, or phurpu) is a three-sided peg, stake, knife, or nail-like ritual implement traditionally associated with Indo-Tibetan Buddhism, Bön, and Indian Vedic traditions.

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Keith Dowman

Keith Dowman (born 1945) is an English Dzogchen teacher and translator of Tibetan Buddhist texts.

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Kelsang Gyatso

Kelsang Gyatso (b. 1931) is a Buddhist monk, meditation teacher, scholar, and author.

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Kelsang Wangmo

Geshe Kelsang Wangmo is a German-born Buddhist nun, scholar, and teacher.

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Ken McLeod

Ken McLeod (born 1948) is a senior Western translator, author, and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Ken Wilber

Kenneth Earl Wilber II (born January 31, 1949) is an American writer on transpersonal psychology and his own integral theory, a four-quadrant grid which suggests the synthesis of all human knowledge and experience.

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Key Monastery

Kye Gompa (also spelled Ki, Key or Kee - pronounced like English key) is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery located on top of a hill at an altitude of above sea level, close to the Spiti River, in the Spiti Valley of Himachal Pradesh, Lahaul and Spiti district, India.

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Keydong Thuk-Che-Cho-Ling Nunnery

The Keydong Thuk-Che-Cho-Ling Nunnery is the first Tibetan Institution to provide higher education for Buddhist nuns.

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Khakassia

The Republic of Khakassia (r,; Khakas: Хака́с Респу́бликазы, tr. Khakás Respúblikazy), or simply Khakassia (Хака́сия; Khakas: Хака́сия) is a federal subject (a republic) of Russia.

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Khalkha Mongols

The Khalkha (Халх, Halh) is the largest subgroup of Mongol people in Mongolia since the 15th century.

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Khamba people

The Khamba, also spelled Khemba, are a people who inhabit the Yang-Sang-Chu valley, near the Tibetan border.

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Khamtrul Rinpoche

The Khamtrul tulku lineage is part of the Dongyud Palden section of the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Khandro Rinpoche

Mindrolling Jetsün Khandro Rinpoche (birth name Tsering Paldrön; born August 19, 1967) is a lama in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Khangchenné

Khangchenné Sonam Gyalpo (died 5 August 1727) was the first important representative of the noble house Gashi in Tibet.

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Kharchin Mongols

The Kharchin (Харчин, ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ, qaračin) is a subgroup of the Mongols residing mainly (and originally) in North-western Liaoning and Chifeng, Inner Mongolia.

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Khata

A khata (དར་, Dhar, Mongolian: / хадаг /, khadag or hatag, खतक khada, Chinese 哈达; pinyin: hādá) is a traditional ceremonial scarf in tengrism and Tibetan Buddhism.

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Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama

Khedrup Gelek Pelzang, 1st Panchen Lama (1385–1438 CE) – better known as Khedrup Je – was one of the main disciples of Je Tsongkhapa, whose reforms to Atiśa's Kadam tradition are considered the beginnings of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Khempo Yurmed Tinly Rinpoche

Khempo Yurmed Tinly Rinpoche (1950–2005): Nyingma scholar, teacher, and lineage holder.

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Kheng people

The Kheng people are an ethnic group of Bhutan, found primarily in the Zhemgang, Trongsa and Mongar Districts of south-central Bhutan.

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Khenpo

The term khenpo (Tib. མཁན་པོ་ mkhen po), or khenmo (in the feminine) is a degree for higher Buddhist studies given in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche

The Venerable Khenpo Karma Tharchin Rinpoche (b. 3 April 1924), widely known by his abbreviated name Khenpo Karthar Rinpoche, is a senior lama of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Khenpo Kyosang Rinpoche

Khenpo Kyosang Rinpoche is a spiritual teacher (lama) of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Khenpo Shenga

Khenpo Shenga Rinpoche, also Shenpen Chökyi Nangwa (1871–1927) was a Tibetan scholar in the Nyingma and Sakya traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Khenpo Tsultrim Gyamtso Rinpoche

Khenpo Tsültrim Gyamtso Rinpoche is a prominent scholar yogi in the Kagyu tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Khensur Lungri Namgyel

Trisur Rinpoche Jetsun Lungrik Namgyal, also known as Khensur Lungri Namgyel, was born in 1927 in Kham (eastern Tibet) was the 101st Gaden Tripa, the leader of the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Khishigten

The Hishigten (Khalkha-Mongolian: Хишигтэн/Hishigten) are one of the Southern Mongol ethnic groups.

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Khoid

The Khoyd, Qoyid (also Khoid or Khoit) (Northern ones/people) people are an Oirat.

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Khorchin Mongols

The Khorchin (Хорчин, Horçin; Qorčin) is a subgroup of the Mongols that speak the Khorchin dialect of Mongolian and predominantly live in northeastern Inner Mongolia of China.

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Khoshut

The Khoshut (Mongolian: Хошууд, Hoşūd, literally "bannermen," from Middle Mongolian qosighu "flag, banner") are one of the four major tribes of the Oirat people.

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Khoshut Khanate

The Khoshut Khanate was an Oirat khanate based in the Tibetan Plateau in the 17th and the 18th centuries.

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Khotogoid

Khotogoid (Mongolian: Хотгойд, transliteration: Khotgoid) is a subgroup of Mongol people in northwestern Mongolia.

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Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen

Khunu Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen (1894–1977), known also as Negi Lama Tenzin Gyaltsen, was born in 1894 in the village of Sunam which lies in the forest-clad Kinnaur district of India in the western Himalayas.

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Khuuchid

The Huuchid (Khalkha-Mongolian: Хуучид/Huuchid, "The old/ancient ones") are a Southern Mongol subgroup.

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Khyongla Rato

Khyongla Rato, also known as Khyongla Rato Rinpoche, Rato Khyongla Rinpoche, Khyongla Rinpoche, and also as Nawang Losang, his monk's name, is a scholar and teacher in the Gelugpa tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Kim (novel)

Kim is a novel by Nobel Prize-winning English author Rudyard Kipling.

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Kim Hwasang

Kim Hwasang, also known in Chinese as Wuxiang (684–762), was a Korean master of Chan Buddhism who lived in Sichuan, China, whose form of Chan teaching was independent of East Mountain Teaching and Huineng.

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Kingdom of Derge

The Kingdom of Derge was an important kingdom in Kham from the 15th to the 19th century.

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Kirat Mundhum

Kirat Mundhum (also Kirati Mundhum), also called Kiratism or Kirantism or simply Mundhum, is the religion of the Kirati tribes of Nepal: Limbu, Rai, Sunuwar and Yakkha peoples of Nepal, India, Myanmar and now practiced in the UK, China, USA and many other countries.

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Kirati people

The Kirati people (Sanskrit: Kirāta) (also spelled as Kirant or Kiranti) are indigenous Kirat ethnic group of the Himalayas extending eastward from Nepal into India, Bangladesh, Burma and beyond.

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Knot theory

In topology, knot theory is the study of mathematical knots.

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Kopan Monastery

Kopan Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery near Boudhanath, on the outskirts of Kathmandu, Nepal.

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Kora (pilgrimage)

Kora (THL Simplified Phonetic Transcription: kor ra) is a transliteration of a Tibetan word that means "circumambulation" or "revolution".

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Korean Buddhism

Korean Buddhism is distinguished from other forms of Buddhism by its attempt to resolve what it sees as inconsistencies in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Koreans in China

The population of Koreans in China include millions of descendants of Korean immigrants with citizenship of the People's Republic of China, as well as smaller groups of South and North Korean expatriates, with a total of roughly 2.3 million people, making it the largest ethnic Korean population living outside the Korean Peninsula.

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Korzok Monastery

Korzok, is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery belonging to the Drukpa Lineage.

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Kublai Khan

Kublai (Хубилай, Hubilai; Simplified Chinese: 忽必烈) was the fifth Khagan (Great Khan) of the Mongol Empire (Ikh Mongol Uls), reigning from 1260 to 1294 (although due to the division of the empire this was a nominal position).

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Kukuraja

Kukuraja was a mahasiddha within the lineages of Esoteric Buddhism and he was contemporaneous with Indrabhuti of Sahor i.e. Some sources hold that it was Kukuraja who prophesied the birth of Garab Dorje, the founder of the human lineage of the Nyingmapa Dzogchen Tantra teachings though the chronology is problematic.

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Kulayarāja Tantra

The Kulayarāja Tantra (Tibetan phonetically: Kunjed Gyalpo,; English translation: "All-Creating King") is a Buddhist Tantra extant in Tibetan which centers upon the direct teachings of the primordial, ultimate Buddha (Adibuddha), Samantabhadra.

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Kum Nye

Kum Nye and sKu-mNyé are a wide variety of Tibetan religious and medical body practices.

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Kumbum

A Kumbum ("one hundred thousand holy images") is a multi-storied aggregate of Buddhist chapels in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Kumbum Monastery

Kumbum Monastery (THL Kumbum Jampa Ling), also called Ta'er Temple, is a Tibetan gompa in Huangzhong County, Xining, Qinghai, China.

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Kundeling Monastery

Kundeling Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Lhasa, Tibet, China.

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Kungri Monastery

Kungri Monastery is a Buddhist monastery of the Nyingma sect of Tibetan Buddhism in the Pin Valley in Lahul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, northern India.

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Kunkhyen Pema Karpo

Kunkhyen Pema Karpo (1527–1592 CE) was the fourth Gyalwang Drukpa, head of the Drukpa lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Kurtis Schaeffer

Kurtis R. Schaeffer is Professor of Tibetan and Buddhist Studies at the University of Virginia and Chair of the Religious Studies department.

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Kurukullā

Kurukullā (also "Knowledge/magic/vidyā Woman", "Mother-Buddha Kuru" or "Knowledge-Causing Mother-Buddha") is a female, peaceful to semi-wrathful Yidam in Tibetan Buddhism particularly associated with rites of magnetization or enchantment.

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Kyabgön Phakchok Rinpoche

Phakchok Rinpoche (born 1981) is a teacher of the Nyingma lineage and chief lineage holder of the Taklung Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Kyabje Choden Rinpoche

(Kyabje) Choden Rinpoche (in full, (May 31, (Tibetan New Year) 1931 Rong-bo district, Kham, eastern Tibet – September 11, 2015) was a contemporary yogi-scholar of the Gelugpa school of Tibetan Buddhism and a reincarnation (sprul-sku) of the Choden lineage, the historical abbots of Rabten Monastery (in Rong-bo district, Kham. The late Choden Rinpoche, Losang Gyalten Jigdrel Wangchuk (lit. "Teaching of the victorious Losang (blo-bzang rgyal-bstan), fearless (jig-bral) sovereign (dbang-phyug)" has been known amongst his peers and students as "master of the five sciences"Geshe Gyalten Kunga: "The life Story of H.E. Choden Rinpoche", public talk held at "Elysium" event venue, Lindenstrasse 12, 14467 Potsdam (Germany); hosted by Kringellocken-Kloster (https://www.kringellocken-kloster.de/) in cooperation with Awakening Vajra International (https://www.awakeningvajra.org) on September 2, 2016. (viz. medicine, craftsmanship, logic, grammar and the inner science of Buddhism), as extraordinary scholar of Tibetan Buddhism, yogic practitioner, and for being gentle, kind and compassionate. Kyabje Choden Rinpoche was a lineage-holder of rare and sought-after transmissions of the Tantrayana.

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Kyabje Rinpoche

Kyabje Khensur Kangurwa Lobsang Thubten Rinpoche (25 December 1925 – 22 January 2014), was a Buddhist monk, Abbot of Sera Jey Monastery, and the founder of Tibetan Buddhist Institute (Adelaide).

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Kyelang

Kyelang (or Keylong) is the administrative centre of the Lahaul and Spiti district in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh, north of Manali and from the Indo-Tibetan border.

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Kyrgyz in China

The Kyrgyz are a Turkic ethnic group, form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.

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Kyrgyz people

The Kyrgyz people (also spelled Kyrghyz and Kirghiz) are a Turkic ethnic group native to Central Asia, primarily Kyrgyzstan.

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La Plana Novella

Plana Novella (La Plana Novella) is an old country estate and village located on a small plain in the middle of the Garraf Massif National Park, about three kilometers to the east of Jafra and within the municipal boundary of the town of Olivella, Spain.

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Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra

The Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra (Sanskrit) is a prominent Mahayana Buddhist sūtra.

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Labrang Monastery

Labrang Monastery is one of the six great monasteries of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Ladakh

Ladakh ("land of high passes") is a region in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir that currently extends from the Kunlun mountain range to the main Great Himalayas to the south, inhabited by people of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan descent.

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Lahaul and Spiti district

The district of Lahaul-Spiti in the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh consists of the two formerly separate districts of Lahaul and Spiti.

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Lama

Lama ("chief" or "high priest") is a title for a teacher of the Dhamma in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Lama Gonpo Tseten

Gonpo Tseten Rinpoche, (1906–1991), Dzogchen master, author, painter, sculptor, and teacher of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Lama Jampa Thaye

Lama Jampa Thaye is a teacher of the Sakya and Karma Kagyu traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Lamaling Monastery

Lamaling Monastery (Tib. bla ma gling?), also known as Zangdrok Pelri Monastery (桑多白日, Sangzhog Bairi) and Burqug Lamaling (布久喇嘛林寺), is a Buddhist monastery located near the village of Jianqie (简切村, Administrative Division Code 54 26 21 201 209), Burqug Township, Bayi District (former Nyingchi County), in Tibet, on a small hill 1.5 km south of Buchu Monastery.

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Lamdre

Lamdré is a meditative system in Tibetan Buddhism rooted in the view that the result of its practice is contained within the path.

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Lamrim

Lamrim (Tibetan: "stages of the path") is a Tibetan Buddhist textual form for presenting the stages in the complete path to enlightenment as taught by Buddha.

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Langboin Monastery

Langboin Monastery or Dor'oxoizhuling is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Jonang sect in the Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai province, China.

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Langdarma

Langdarma ("Mature Bull" or "Dharma Bull", proper name U Dumtsen) was the Tibetan Emperor, who most likely reigned from 838 to 841 CE.

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Langmusi

Langmusi Town is a small alpine town on the eastern edge of the Qinghai Plateau, nestled in a valley shared between Gansu and Sichuan provinces in China and straddled by two large monastery complexes.

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Langri Tangpa

Geshe Langri Tangpa (གླང་རི་ཐང་པ།; wylie: glang ri thang pa) (1054–1123) is an important figure in the lineage of the Kadampa and Gelug schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Larung Gar Buddhist Academy

In 1980, Khenpo Jigme Phuntsok founded the Larung Ngarig Buddhist Academy, in the Larung Valley (喇荣沟) near the township of Larung in Sêrtar County, Garzê Prefecture, Sichuan Province.

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Lawapa

Lawapa or Lavapa was a figure in Tibetan Buddhism who flourished in the 10th century.

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Layap

The Layap (Dzongkha: ལ་ཡཔ་) are an indigenous people inhabiting the high mountains of northwest Bhutan in the village of Laya, in the Gasa District, at an altitude of, just below the Tsendagang peak.Their population in 2003 stood at 1,100.

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Leeds

Leeds is a city in the metropolitan borough of Leeds, in the county of West Yorkshire, England.

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Legendary progenitor

A legendary progenitor is a legendary or mythological figure held to be the common ancestor of a dynasty, people, tribe or ethnic group.

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Lenggu Monastery

Lenggu Monastery, also transliterated as Rengo Monastery, is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery at the foot of Ge'nyen Mountain in Sichuan, China.

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Lerab Ling

Lerab Ling is a Tibetan Buddhist centre founded in 1992 by Sogyal Rinpoche in Roqueredonde, near Lodève in Occitanie, France.

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Lha-bzang Khan

Lha-bzang Khan (Mongolian: Lazang Haan; alternatively, Lhazang or Lapsangn or Lajang; d.1717) was the ruler of the Khoshut (also spelled Qoshot, Qośot, or Qosot) tribe of the Oirats.

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Lhalung Pelgyi Dorje

Lhalung Palgyi Dorje (Tibetan: ལྷ་ལུང་དཔལ་གྱི་རྡོ་རྗེ། Wylie: lha lung dpal gyi rdo rje) was the Tibetan Buddhist monk who assassinated the Tibetan king Langdarma in 842 CE.

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Lhamo La-tso

Lhamo La-tso or Lhamo Latso is a small oval oracle lake where senior Tibetan monks of the Gelug sect go for visions to assist in the discovery of reincarnations of the Dalai Lamas.

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Lhasa

Lhasa is a city and administrative capital of the Tibet Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China.

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Lhasa (prefecture-level city)

Lhasa is a prefecture-level city, formerly a prefecture until 7 January 1960, one of the main administrative divisions of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China.

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Lhünzhub County

Lhünzhub County, also called Lhundrub or Linzhou County, is a county in Lhasa towards the north-east of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet, China.

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Lhoba people

Lhoba (Lo, Klo, Glo) is any of a diverse amalgamation of Sino-Tibetan-speaking tribespeople living in and around Pemako, a region in southeastern Tibet including Mainling, Medog and Zayü counties of Nyingchi Prefecture and Lhünzê County of Lhoka (Shannan) Prefecture.

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Lhop people

The Lhop or Doya people are a little-known tribe of southwest Bhutan.

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Lhotshampa

The Lhotshampa or Lhotsampa (ल्होत्साम्पा) people are a heterogeneous Bhutanese people of Nepalese descent.

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Li Gotami Govinda

Li Gotami Govinda (born Ratti Petit, 22 April 1906 –18 August 1988) was an Indian painter, photographer, writer and composer.

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Liaoning

Liaoning is a province of China, located in the northeast of the country.

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Library of Congress Classification:Class B -- Philosophy, Psychology, Religion

Class B: Philosophy, Psychology, Religion is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system.

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Library of Tibetan Works and Archives

The Library of Tibetan Works and Archives (LTWA) is a Tibetan library in Dharamshala, India.

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Life release

Life release is a traditional Buddhist practise of saving the lives of beings that were destined for slaughter.

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Ligdan Khan

Ligdan Khutugtu Khan (from Mongolian "Ligden Khutugt Khan"; Mongolian Cyrillic: Лигдэн Хутугт хаан; or from Chinese, Lindan Han; Chinese: 林丹汗; 1588–1634) was the last khan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia as well as the last in the Borjigin clan of Mongol Khans who ruled the Mongols from Chakhar.

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Likir Monastery

Likir Monastery or Likir Gompa (Klud-kyil) is a Buddhist monastery in Ladakh, Northern India.

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Lily Dale, New York

Lily Dale was incorporated in 1879 as Cassadaga Lake Free Association, a camp and meeting place for Spiritualists and Freethinkers.

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Limi

Limi is a valley in Humla District in the Karnali Zone of north-western Nepal.

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Lincoln in the Bardo

Lincoln in the Bardo is a 2017 experimental novel by American writer George Saunders.

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Linda Pritzker

Linda Pritzker (born 1953) is an American lama in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition, author, and co-founder of the Namchak Foundation and Namchak Retreat Ranch in Missoula, Montana.

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Lindisfarne Association

The Lindisfarne Association (1972–2012) was a nonprofit foundation and diverse group of intellectuals organized by cultural historian William Irwin Thompson for the "study and realization of a new planetary culture".

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Lineage (Buddhism)

A lineage in Buddhism is a line of transmission of the Buddhist teaching that is "theoretically traced back to the Buddha himself." The acknowledgement of the transmission can be oral, or certified in documents.

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Ling Rinpoche

Kyabje Yongdzin Ling Rinpoche is a Tibetan tulku.

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Lingtsang Gyalpo

Wangchen Tenzin, King of Lingtsang, also Lingtsang Gyalgenma, was the King of Lingtsang in Kham, a tertön, a ngagpa and a kīla master of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Lishipa tribe

The Lishipa is a tribal group found in the Dirang area in the West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh in India.

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List of 20th-century outdoor proponents and outdoor educators

This is a list of prominent 20th-century wilderness explorers, naturalists, survival instructors, and exponents of outdoor education, adventure education, adventure therapy, wilderness therapy, etc.

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List of 21st-century religious leaders

;List of 20th-century religious leaders – Lists of religious leaders by century This is a list of the top-level leaders for religious groups with at least 50,000 adherents, and that led anytime since January 1, 2001.

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List of alumni of Jesus College, Oxford

Jesus College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in England.

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List of bodhisattvas

In Mahayana and Vajrayana Buddhist thought, a bodhisattva is a being who is dedicated to achieving complete Buddhahood.

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List of books and publications related to the hippie subculture

This is a list of books and publications related to the hippie subculture.

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List of Buddhists

This is a list of notable Buddhists, encompassing all the major branches of the religion (i.e. in Buddhism), and including interdenominational and eclectic Buddhist practitioners.

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List of Christian monasteries in Switzerland

This is a list of Christian religious houses in Switzerland for either men or women, whether in operation or not.

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List of contemporary ethnic groups

The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups.

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List of converts to Buddhism

The following people are all converts to Buddhism, sorted alphabetically by family name.

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List of converts to Buddhism from Christianity

This is a list of notable converts to Buddhism from Christianity.

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List of converts to the Catholic Church

The following is an incomplete list of notable individuals who converted to Catholicism from a different religion or no religion.

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List of critics of Islam

No description.

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List of current pretenders

A pretender is an aspirant or claimant to a monarchy that either has been abolished or suspended, or is occupied by another.

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List of destroyed heritage

This is a list of cultural heritage sites which were damaged or destroyed throughout the course of history, sorted by country.

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List of ethnic cleansing campaigns

This article lists incidents that have been termed ethnic cleansing by some academic or legal experts.

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List of fictional clergy and religious figures

Clergy and other religious figures have generally represented a popular outlet for pop culture, although this has tapered in recent years.

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List of founders of religious traditions

This article lists historical figures credited with founding religions or religious philosophies or people who first codified older known religious traditions.

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List of geological features on Rhea

This is a list of named geological features on Rhea, the second largest moon of Saturn.

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List of legendary creatures by type

This is a list of legendary creatures from mythology, folklore and fairy tales, sorted by their classification or affiliation.

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List of monastic houses in Scotland

List of monastic houses in Scotland is a catalogue of the abbeys, priories, friaries and other monastic religious houses of Scotland.

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List of mythological places

This is a list of mythological places which appear in mythological tales, folklore, and varying religious texts.

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List of national leaders of the People's Republic of China

National leaders is a generic term which refers to leaders of the People's Republic of China which are often called as "Party and State Leaders"（党和国家领导人）in official documents and by official media.

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List of pagodas in Beijing

This list of pagodas in Beijing comprises all Buddhist and Taoist pagodas erected within Beijing Municipality, an area which covers the city of Beijing as well as its surrounding districts and counties.

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List of people granted asylum

This is a list of people granted asylum.

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List of people who have been considered deities

This is a list of notable people who were considered deities by themselves or others.

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List of religions and spiritual traditions

Religion is a collection of cultural systems, beliefs and world views that establishes symbols relating humanity to spirituality and, often, to moral values.

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List of sanghas in San Diego County, California

This is a list of sanghas in San Diego County, California, which corresponds to the San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos Metropolitan Statistical Area.

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List of schools and lineages of Tibetan Buddhism

This is a list of schools and lineages of Tibetan Buddhism.

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List of Sri Lankan monarchs

The Sinhalese monarch was the head of state of the Sinhala Kingdom.

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List of symbols

This is a list of graphical signs, icons, and symbols.

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List of Tibetan monasteries

This list of Tibetan monasteries is a listing of historical and contemporary monasteries of Tibetan Buddhism within the ethno-cultural Tibet itself and elsewhere.

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List of titles

This is a list of personal titles arranged in a sortable table.

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List of Tulku lineages

This is a list of lineages of Tulkus, said to be reincarnated Tibetan Buddhist masters.

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List of University of Zimbabwe people

This list of University of Zimbabwe people includes notable alumni, professors, and administrators associated with the University of Zimbabwe, formerly the University of Rhodesia.

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List of wars 1900–1944

This is a list of wars that began between 1900 to 1944. Other wars can be found in the historical lists of wars and the list of wars extended by diplomatic irregularity.

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List of women who led a revolt or rebellion

This is a list of women who led a revolt or rebellion.

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List of words ending in ology

† not study.

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Lobsang Chökyi Gyaltsen, 4th Panchen Lama

Losang Chö kyi Gyaltsen (1570–1662) was the fourth Panchen Lama of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism and the first to be accorded this title during his lifetime.

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Lobsang Dolma Khangkar

Lobsang Dolma Khangkar also called Lobsang Dolma or Ama Lobsang Dolma (July 6, 1934, Kyirong, Tibet - December 15, 1989, Dharamsala, India) was a doctor of traditional Tibetan medicine.

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Lobsang Nyima Pal Sangpo

Lobsang Nyima Pal Sangpo (1929 – September 14, 2008), also known as Lobsang Nyima Rinpoche, a Tibetan religious leader, was the 100th Ganden Tripa, or spiritual leader of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism from 1994 until 2002.

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Lobsang Pelden Tenpe Dronme

Lobsang Pelden Tenpe Dronme (Chinese: 羅桑般殿丹畢蓉梅, Luósāng Bāndiàn Dānbì Róngméi) born 1890 in Datong, Qinghai - died March 4, 1957 in Taipei, Taiwan was a clergyman of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism and the 7th Changkya Khutukhtu.

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Lobsang Rampa

Lobsang Rampa is the pen name of an author who wrote books with paranormal and occult themes.

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Lobsang Tenzin

Lobsang Tenzin, better known by the titles Professor Venerable Samdhong Rinpoche (zam gdong rin po che) and to Tibetans as the 5th Samdhong Rinpoche (born 5 November 1937), was the previous prime minister (officially Kalon Tripa, or chairman of the cabinet), of the Central Tibetan Administration, or Tibetan government-in-exile, which is based in Dharamshala, India; Lobsang Sangay was elected to this position in April 2011.

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Lodrö Chökyi Nyima

Lodrö Chökyi Nyima was recognized as the 4th reincarnation of the Jamgon Kongtrul in August 1996 by Ogyen Trinley Dorje, the 17th Karmapa, who gave the name Jamgon Lodro Chokyi Nyima Dronme Chok Thamced Le Nampar Gyalwe De.

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Lodrö Chökyong

Lodrö Chökyong (བློ་གྲོས་ཆོས་སྐྱོང, (Wylie: blo gros chos skyong)) (1389–1463) was a Tibetan spiritual leader.

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Lodrö Tenpa

Lodrö Tenpa (བློ་གྲོས་བརྟན་པ, (blo gros brtan pa)) (1402–1476) was a Tibetan spiritual leader.

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Lokapala

Lokapāla, Sanskrit and Pāli for "guardian of the world", has different uses depending on whether it is found in a Hindu or Buddhist context.

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Longchen Nyingthig

Longchen Nyingthig is a terma, revealed scripture, of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, which gives a systematic explanation of Dzogchen.

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Longchenpa

Longchen Rabjampa, Drimé Özer (Wylie: klong chen rab 'byams pa dri med 'od zer), commonly abbreviated to Longchenpa (1308–1364), was a major teacher in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Longde (Dzogchen)

Longdé (abhyantaravarga) is the name of one of three scriptural divisions within Dzogchen, which is itself the pinnacle of the ninefold division of practice according to the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Lopon

Lopon is a spiritual degree given in Tibetan Buddhism equal to M. A. Category:Tibetan Buddhist titles Category:Buddhist terminology Category:Tibetan Buddhism.

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Lopon Tsechu

Lopon Tsechu Rinpoche (1918, Bhutan - June 10, 2003) was a master of Tibetan Buddhism, widely regarded in the Himalayas, with many students in both the East and the West.

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Losang Thonden

Losang Thonden former Tibetan government official, calligraphy and language scholar, author, and Hollywood actor.

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Losar

Losar ("new year"William D. Crump, "Losar" in Encyclopedia of New Year's Holidays Worldwide (McFarland & Co.: 2008), pp. 237-38.) is a festival in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Lotus position

Padmasana or Lotus Position (पद्मासन) is a cross-legged sitting asana originating in meditative practices of ancient India, in which the feet are placed on the opposing thighs.

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Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro

Luang Pu Sodh Candasaro (10 October 1884 – 3 February 1959), also known as Phramongkolthepmuni (พระมงคลเทพมุนี), was the abbot of Wat Paknam Bhasicharoen from 1916 until his death in 1959.

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Luipa

Luipa or Luipada (লুইপা, লুইপা,, c. 10th century) was a mahasiddha or siddhacharya from East India.

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Luminosity (Vajrayana)

Luminosity or clear light (Tibetan od gsal, Sanskrit prabhāsvara), in Vajrayana, Tibetan Buddhism and Bon, refers to the nature of mind experienced in deep sleep and death.

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Luminous mind

Luminous mind (also, "brightly shining mind," "brightly shining citta") (Sanskrit prakṛti-prabhāsvara-citta, Pali pabhassara citta) is a term attributed to the Buddha in the Nikayas.

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Lung (Tibetan Buddhism)

Lung (rlung) means wind or breath.

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Luohou Temple

The Luohou Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Taihuai Town of Wutai County, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.

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Ma Bufang

Ma Bufang (1903 – 31 July 1975) (Xiao'erjing: ما بوفنگ) was a prominent Muslim Ma clique warlord in China during the Republic of China era, ruling the province of Qinghai.

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Machig Labdrön

Machig Labdrön (sometimes referred to as Adrön Chödron), or Singular Mother Torch from Lab", 1055-1149) was a renowned 11th-century Tibetan tantric Buddhist practitioner, teacher and yogini who originated several Tibetan lineages of the Vajrayana practice of Chöd. Machig Labdrön may have come from a Bön family and, according to Namkhai Norbu, developed Chöd by combining native shamanism with the Dzogchen teachings. Other Buddhist teachers and scholars offer differing interpretations of the origins of Chöd, and not all of them agree that Chöd has Bön or shamanistic roots.

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Madhyamaka

Madhyamaka (Madhyamaka,; also known as Śūnyavāda) refers primarily to the later schools of Buddhist philosophy founded by Nagarjuna (150 CE to 250 CE).

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Magoksa

Magoksa is a head temple of the Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism in Gongju, South Korea.

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Mahakala omnogovae

Mahakala (from Sanskrit, named for Mahakala, one of eight protector deities (dharmapalas) in Tibetan Buddhism) is a genus of basal dromaeosaurid dinosaur from the Campanian-age (about 80 million years ago) Upper Cretaceous Djadokhta Formation of Ömnögovi, Mongolia.

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Mahamudra

Mahāmudrā (Sanskrit, Tibetan: Chagchen, Wylie: phyag chen, contraction of Chagya Chenpo, Wylie: phyag rgya chen po) literally means "great seal" or "great imprint" and refers to the fact that "all phenomena inevitably are stamped by the fact of wisdom and emptiness inseparable".

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Mahayana

Mahāyāna (Sanskrit for "Great Vehicle") is one of two (or three, if Vajrayana is counted separately) main existing branches of Buddhism and a term for classification of Buddhist philosophies and practice.

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Mahayana sutras

The Mahayana sutras are a broad genre of Buddhist scriptures that various traditions of Mahayana Buddhism accept as canonical.

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Mahayoga

Mahāyoga (Sanskrit for "great yoga") is the designation of the first of the three Inner Tantras according to the ninefold division of practice used by the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Mahākāla

Mahakala (Sanskrit: महाकाल; IAST: Mahākāla) is a deity common to Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism.

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Mahāmāyā Tantra

For Mahāmāyā the mother of Buddha see: Maya (mother of Buddha) The Mahāmāyā Tantra,Toh 425, Degé Kangyur vol.

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Mahāsāṃghika

The Mahāsāṃghika (Sanskrit "of the Great Sangha") was one of the early Buddhist schools.

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Maitreya Project

The Maitreya Project is an international organisation, operating since 1990, which intends to construct statues of Maitreya Buddha in India and perhaps elsewhere.

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Maitreya-nātha

Maitreya-nātha (ca. 270-350 CE) is a name whose use was pioneered by Buddhist scholars Erich Frauwallner, Giuseppe Tucci, and Hakuju Ui to distinguish one of the three founders of the Yogacara school of Buddhist philosophy, along with Asanga and Vasubandhu.

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Maitripa College

Maitripa College, founded in 2005 as Maitripa Institute, is a Tibetan Buddhist college located in Portland, Oregon.

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Maitripada

Maitrīpāda (ca 1007-1085, also known as Maitrīgupta, Advayavajra, and, to Tibetans, Maitrīpa), was a prominent Indian Buddhist Mahasiddha associated with the Mahāmudrā transmission.

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Major religious groups

The world's principal religions and spiritual traditions may be classified into a small number of major groups, although this is by no means a uniform practice.

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Makara (Hindu mythology)

Makara (मकर) is a sea-creature in Hindu culture.

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Manaslu

Manaslu (मनास्लु, also known as Kutang) is the eighth highest mountain in the world at above sea level.

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Manchu people

The Manchu are an ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name.

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Mandala

A mandala (Sanskrit: मण्डल, maṇḍala; literally "circle") is a spiritual and ritual symbol in Hinduism and Buddhism, representing the universe.

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Mandalaband

Mandalaband is a progressive rock band formed in England in 1974.

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Mandarava

Mandarava (Skt., Mandāravā) (Tib., མནྡཱ་ར་བཱ་; Wylie, ma da ra ba me tog) (also known as The Long Life Dakini Mandarava, Machik Drubpai Gyalmo, or Pandaravasini) was, along with Yeshe Tsogyal, one of the two principal consorts of great 8th century Indian tantric teacher Padmasambhava (Guru Rinpoche), a founder-figure of Tibetan Buddhism, described as a 'second Buddha' by many practitioners.

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Mani stone

Mani stones are stone plates, rocks and/or pebbles, inscribed with the six syllabled mantra of Avalokiteshvara (Om mani padme hum, hence the name "Mani stone"), as a form of prayer in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Manjushri

Mañjuśrī is a bodhisattva associated with prajñā (insight) in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Mara (Tagin)

Mra (also known as Mura) refers to a tribe in Arunachal Pradesh.

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Maraṇasati

Maraṇasati (mindfulness of death, death awareness) is a Buddhist meditation practice that uses various visualization and contemplation techniques to meditate on the nature of death.

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Marathon

The marathon is a long-distance race, completed by running, walking, or a run/walk strategy.

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Marco Pallis

Marco Alexander Pallis (1895 – 5 June 1989) was a Greek-British author and mountaineer with close affiliations to the Traditionalist School.

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Marianne Ihlen

Marianne Christine Stang Ihlen (18 May 1935 – 28 July 2016) was a Norwegian woman who was the first wife of author Axel Jensen and later the muse and girlfriend of Leonard Cohen for several years in the 1960s.

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Marpa Lotsawa

Marpa Lotsawa (1012–1097), sometimes known fully as Lhodak Marpa Choski Lodos or commonly as Marpa the Translator, was a Tibetan Buddhist teacher credited with the transmission of many Vajrayana teachings from India, including the teachings and lineages of Mahamudra.

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Martine Batchelor

Martine Batchelor (born 1953), a former Jogye Buddhist nun, is the author of several books on Buddhism currently residing in France.

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Mata Kuan Rani Temple

The Mata Kuan Rani Temple, or 'Princess of the Well Temple', is situated near the bank of the Beas River in the town of Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, India.

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Matho Monastery

Matho Monastery, or Matho Gonpa or Mangtro Monastery or Mangtro Gonpa, from the Tibetan "mang" that means "many" and "tro" that means "happiness", is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery located 26 kilometres southeast of Leh in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, northern India, on the banks of the Indus River.

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Matthieu Ricard

Matthieu Ricard (माथ्यु रिका, born 15 February 1946) is a French writer and Buddhist monk who resides at Shechen Tennyi Dargyeling Monastery in Nepal.

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Maya (religion)

Maya (Devanagari: माया, IAST: māyā), literally "illusion" or "magic", has multiple meanings in Indian philosophies depending on the context.

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Mêdog County

Mêdog, Metok, or Motuo County, also known as the Pemako ("Lotus Array"), is a county as well as a traditional region of the Nyingtri Prefecture in the Tibet Autonomous Region of People's Republic of China.

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Mönlam Legpa Lodrö

Mönlam Legpa Lodrö (སྨོན་ལམ་ལེགས་པའི་བློ་གྲོས, (smon lam legs pa'i blo gros)) (1402–1476) was a Tibetan spiritual leader.

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McGillicuddy Serious Party

The McGillicuddy Serious Party (McGSP) was a satirical political party in New Zealand in the late 20th century.

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Mechuka

Mechuka also known as Menchukha is a small town nestled above sea level in the Mechuka Valley in West Siang District of Arunachal Pradesh, India.

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Meditation

Meditation can be defined as a practice where an individual uses a technique, such as focusing their mind on a particular object, thought or activity, to achieve a mentally clear and emotionally calm state.

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Meg Wheatley

Meg Wheatley (born Margaret J. Wheatley in 1944) is an American writer and management consultant who studies organizational behavior.

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Meidaizhao Monastery

Meidaizhao Monastery or Meidaizhao Lamasery is a Tibetan Buddhist temple located in Tumed Right Banner, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China.

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Meili Snow Mountains

Meili Xue Shan (Chinese 梅里雪山, translation: "Mainri snowy range") or Mainri Snow Mountain is a mountain range in the Chinese province of Yunnan.

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Mekhala and Kanakhala

Mekhala (or Mahakhala – "Elder Mischievous Girl") "The Elder Severed-Headed Sister" and Kanakhala (Kankhala, – "Younger Mischievous Girl") "The Younger Severed-Headed Sister") are two sisters who figure in the eighty-four mahasiddhas ("great adept") of Vajrayana Buddhism. Both are described as the disciples of another mahasiddha, Kanhapa (Krishnacharya). They are said to have severed their heads and offered them to their guru, and then danced headless. Their legend is closely associated with the Buddhist severed-headed goddess Chinnamunda.

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Memba people

The Memba are a tribal population of 4000 is centered on Tuting and Geling, near the Siang river in the West Siang and Upper Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh in India not very far from the Tibetan border.

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Memorial Chorten, Thimphu

The Memorial Stupa, Thimphu, also known as the Thimphu Chorten, is a stupa (Dzongkha chöten, cheten) in Thimphu, Bhutan, located on Doeboom Lam in the southern-central part of the city near the main roundabout and Indian military hospital.

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Menngagde

In Tibetan Buddhism and Bon, Menngakde (THL: men-ngak-dé, upadeśavarga), is the name of one of three scriptural and lineage divisions within Dzogchen (Great Perfection atiyōga).

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Merzbox

Merzbox is a box set compilation by the Japanese noise musician Merzbow.

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Michael Howard (Luciferian)

Michael Howard (1948–2015) was an English practitioner of Luciferian Witchcraft and a prolific author on esoteric topics.

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Michael Jones (activist)

Michael Jones (born September 24, 1964) is an American music talent manager, producer, director, and author.

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Michael Katz (psychologist)

Michael Katz (born 1951) is a psychologist, former Yantra Yoga instructor, author, artist and long time student of contemporary masters of Tibetan Buddhism and Bon.

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Michael Posner (lawyer)

Michael H. Posner (born November 19, 1950) is an American lawyer, the Founding Executive Director and later the President of Human Rights First (formerly the Lawyers Committee for Human Rights), the former Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL) of the United States, currently a Co-Director for the Center of Business and Human Rights at NYU Stern School of Business, as well as Professor of Business and Society at New York University Stern School of Business, and a Board member of the International Service for Human Rights.

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Michael Roach

Michael Roach (born December 17, 1952) is an American non-traditional teacher of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Mick Brown (journalist)

Mick Brown (born 1950 in London) is a journalist who has written for several British newspapers, including The Guardian and The Sunday Times and for international publications.

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Midnight at the Casa Luna

Midnight at the Casa Luna is a radio drama, produced by the ZBS Foundation.

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Migration to Xinjiang

Migration to Xinjiang is both an ongoing and historical movement of people, often sponsored by various states who controlled the region, including the Han dynasty, Qing dynasty, Republic of China, and People's Republic of China.

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Mike Sager

Mike Sager (born August 17, 1956) is a bestselling author and award-winning journalist.

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Mikyö Dorje, 8th Karmapa Lama

Mikyö Dorje (1507–1554) was the eighth Karmapa, head of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Milarepa

UJetsun Milarepa (c. 1052 – c. 1135 CE) is generally considered one of Tibet's most famous yogis and poets.

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Miley Cyrus

Miley Ray Cyrus (born Destiny Hope Cyrus; November 23, 1992) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress.

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Mindrolling Trichen

The eleventh Mindrolling Trichen (pronunciation: Mìn-drolling), Trichen Jurme Kunzang Wangyal འགྱུར་མེད་ཀུན་བཟང་དབང་རྒྱལ་ (1930, Lumo-ra, Kham, Tibet – February February 9, 2008, Dehra Dun, India) was a lama of the Nyingma-school, the oldest school of Tibetan Buddhism and had been responsible for the administrative affairs for the school in exile as the ceremonial head of the lineage.

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Ming dynasty

The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.

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Mingyur Namkhé Dorje, 4th Dzogchen Rinpoche

Mingyur Namkhé Dorje (mi 'gyur nam mkha'i rdo rje) (born 1793) was the Fourth Dzogchen Rinpoche of Tibet.

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Minling Khenchen Rinpoche

According to Tibetan Buddhism the IXth Minling Khenchen Rinpoche is the successive reincarnation of the Minling Kenrab lineage, co-administrator of Mindrolling Monastery and Head Abbot In-Charge of Ngagyur Nyingma College in India, Vajrayana master, scholar, and teacher.

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Mipham Chokyi Lodro

Mipham Chokyi Lodro (27 October 1952 – 11 June 2014), also known as Kunzig Shamar Rinpoche, was the 14th Shamarpa of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Missionary

A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to proselytize and/or perform ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care, and economic development.

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Miyolangsangma

Miyolangsangma is the Tibetan Buddhist goddess who lives at the top of Chomolungma (Mount Everest).

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Mo (divination)

Mo is a form of divination that is part of the culture and religion of Tibet.

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Moheyan

Heshang Moheyan was a late 8th century Buddhist monk associated with the East Mountain Teaching.

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Monastery

A monastery is a building or complex of buildings comprising the domestic quarters and workplaces of monastics, monks or nuns, whether living in communities or alone (hermits).

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Mongol invasions of Tibet

There were several Mongol invasions of Tibet.

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Mongolia

Mongolia (Monggol Ulus in Mongolian; in Mongolian Cyrillic) is a landlocked unitary sovereign state in East Asia.

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Mongolia (1911–24)

The Bogd Khaanate of Mongolia was the government of Mongolia (Outer Mongolia) between 1911 and 1919 and again from 1921 to 1924.

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Mongolia under Qing rule

Mongolia under Qing rule was the rule of the Qing dynasty of China over the Mongolian steppe, including the Outer Mongolian 4 aimags and Inner Mongolian 6 leagues from the 17th century to the end of the dynasty.

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Mongolian Americans

Mongolian Americans are American citizens who are of full or partial Mongolian ancestry.

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Mongolian People's Republic

The Mongolian People's Republic (Бүгд Найрамдах Монгол Ард Улс (БНМАУ), Bügd Nairamdakh Mongol Ard Uls (BNMAU)), commonly known as Outer Mongolia, was a unitary sovereign socialist state which existed between 1924 and 1992, coterminous with the present-day country of Mongolia in East Asia.

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Mongolian shamanism

Mongolian shamanism, more broadly called the Mongolian folk religion, or occasionally Tengerism, refers to the animistic and shamanic ethnic religion that has been practiced in Mongolia and its surrounding areas (including Buryatia and Inner Mongolia) at least since the age of recorded history.

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Mongolians in Taiwan

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Mongolians in the United Kingdom

Mongolians in the United Kingdom (also known as Mongols) are a relatively small but fast emerging ethnic group, including both Mongolian expatriates and migrants residing in the UK along with British-born citizens who identify themselves to be of Mongolian national background or descent.

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Mongols

The Mongols (ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯᠴᠤᠳ, Mongolchuud) are an East-Central Asian ethnic group native to Mongolia and China's Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

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Mongols in China

Chinese Mongols are citizens of the People's Republic of China who are ethnic Mongols.

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Monguor people

The Monguor or Tu people, White Mongol or Tsagaan Mongol are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China.

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Monk with a Camera

Monk with a Camera: The Life and Journey of Nicholas Vreeland is a 2014 American feature-length documentary film directed by Guido Santi and Tina Mascara.

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Monlam Prayer Festival

Monlam also known as The Great Prayer Festival, falls on 4th–11th day of the 1st Tibetan month in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Monpa people

The Monpa or Mönpa (मोनपा) are a major ethnic group of Arunachal Pradesh in northeastern India.

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Moscow Governorate

Moscow Governorate (Московская губерния; pre-reform Russian: Московская губернія), or the Government of Moscow, was an administrative division (a guberniya) of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire, and the Russian SFSR, which existed in 1708–1929.

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Mosuo

The Mosuo (also spelled Moso or Musuo), often called the Na among themselves, are a small ethnic group living in Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces in China, close to the border with Tibet.

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Mount Wutai

Mount Wutai, also known by its Chinese name Wutaishan and as is a sacred Buddhist site at the headwaters of the Qingshui in Shanxi Province, China.

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Mudra

A mudra (Sanskrit "seal", "mark", or "gesture") is a symbolic or ritual gesture in Hinduism and Buddhism.

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Mugali

The Mugali are a remote Tibetan Buddhist tribe in Nepal who speak the main dialect of the Mugom language.

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Muktinath

Muktinath is a sacred place for both Hindus and Buddhists located in Muktinath Valley at an altitude of 3,710 meters at the foot of the Thorong La mountain pass (part of the Himalayas) in Mustang, Nepal.

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Mulasarvastivada

The Mūlasarvāstivāda (Sanskrit: मूलसर्वास्तिवाद) was one of the early Buddhist schools of India.

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Mun (religion)

Mun or Munism (also called Bongthingism) is the traditional polytheistic, animist, shamanistic, and syncretic religion of the Lepcha people.

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Music of Bhutan

The music of Bhutan is an integral part of its culture and plays a leading role in transmitting social values.

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Music of China

Music of China refers to the music of the Chinese people, which may be the music of the Han Chinese as well as other ethnic minorities within mainland China.

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Music of Tibet

The music of Tibet reflects the cultural heritage of the trans-Himalayan region, centered in Tibet but also known wherever ethnic Tibetan groups are found in Nepal, Bhutan, India and further abroad.

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Mustang District

Mustang District (मुस्ताङ जिल्ला), a part of Province No. 4 in Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal, is one of the seventy-five districts of Nepal.

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Muumyangan

The Muumyangan (Khalkha-Mongolian:Муумянган/Muumyangan) are a sub-ethnic group of the Southern Mongols in Darhan Muminggan United Banner, China.

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My Spiritual Autobiography

My Spiritual Autobiography is a book published in 2009, compiled by from speeches and interviews of the 14th Dalai Lama,.

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Myangad

The Myangad people live in Myangad sum of Khovd Province, Mongolia.

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Myron Lowery

Myron Lowery was the Mayor Pro Tem of Memphis, Tennessee, from July 31, 2009 to October 26, 2009.

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Mysticism

Mysticism is the practice of religious ecstasies (religious experiences during alternate states of consciousness), together with whatever ideologies, ethics, rites, myths, legends, and magic may be related to them.

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Na people

The Na or Nga people (ང) is a small tribal group residing in the higher reaches, below the great Himalayan ranges in Upper Subansiri district of Arunachal Pradesh, India.

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Naimans

The Naiman (Khalkha-Mongolian: Найман/Naiman, "eight") is the name of a tribe originating in East Turkic Khaganate (nowadays west part of Mongolia, one of the tribes in middle juz of Kazakh nation.

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Nakhi people

The Nakhi or Nashi (endonym: ¹na²khi) are an ethnic group inhabiting the foothills of the Himalayas in the northwestern part of Yunnan Province, as well as the southwestern part of Sichuan Province in China.

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Nalanda

Nalanda was a Mahavihara, a large Buddhist monastery, in the ancient kingdom of Magadha (modern-day Bihar) in India.

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Nalandabodhi

Nalandabodhi is a Tibetan Buddhist organization founded in the United States by Dzogchen Ponlop Rinpoche in 1997 and named after the historic Nalanda university of India.

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Nam Cho

Nam Cho (THL transcription: namchö) translates as the "sky/space dharma", a terma cycle especially popular among the Palyul lineage of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Namchö Mingyur Dorje

Namchö Mingyur Dorje (1645–1667) was an important tertön or "treasure revealer" in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Namdroling Monastery

The Namdroling Nyingmapa Monastery (or Thegchog Namdrol Shedrub Dargye Ling)(བོད་ཡིག ཐེག་མཆོག་རྣམ་གྲོལ་བཤད་སྒྲུབ་དར་རྒྱས་གླིང་།) (Wylie: theg mchog rnam grol bshad sgrub dar rgyas gling) is the largest teaching center of the Nyingma lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in the world.

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Namgyal Monastery Institute of Buddhist Studies

Namgyal Monastery Institute of Buddhist Studies incorporates two institutions: (1) the North American Seat of Namgyal Monastery; and (2) a Tibetan Buddhist theological seminary affiliated with it.

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Namgyal Rinpoche

Namgyal Rinpoche, Karma Tenzin Dorje (1931–2003), born Leslie George Dawson in Toronto, Canada, was a Tibetan Buddhist lama in the Karma Kagyu tradition.

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Namkhai Nyingpo

sNub-Ben Namkha'i Nyingpo (8th/9th century) is counted amongst the principal "twenty-five disciples" of Padmasambhava.

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Namtar (biography)

A namtar, sometimes spelled namthar is a spiritual biography or hagiography in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Nan Huai-Chin

Nan Huai-Chin (March 18, 1918 – September 29, 2012) was a spiritual teacher of contemporary China.

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Nanai people

The Nanai people are a Tungusic people of the Far East, who have traditionally lived along Heilongjiang (Amur), Songhuajiang (Sunggari) and Ussuri rivers on the Middle Amur Basin.

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Nanwu Si Monastery

Nanwu Si Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery west of the town of Kangding in Kangding County of the Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in Sichuan Province, southwestern China.

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Naropa

Nāropā (Prakrit; Nāropadā or Naḍapāda) (probably died ca. 1040 CE) was an Indian Buddhist Mahasiddha.

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Naropa University

Naropa University is a private liberal arts college in Boulder, Colorado, United States.

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Natalia Zhukovskaia

Natalia L’vovna Zhukovskaia (Наталья Львовна Жуковская) is one of the foremost scholars working on Buryat history, culture, and religious life in Russia.

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National Museum of Nepal

The National Museum of Nepal (Rashtriya Sangrahalaya) is a popular attraction of the capital city of Kathmandu.

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National symbols of Bhutan

The national symbols of Bhutan include the national flag, national emblem, national anthem, and the mythical druk thunder featured in all three.

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Nena von Schlebrügge

Birgitte Caroline "Nena" von Schlebrügge (born January 8, 1941) is an American former fashion model of the 1950s and 1960s.

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Nenang Monastery

Nénang Monastery is a historical gompa for Buddhist monks and nuns belonging to Sera Monastery.

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Nenang Pawo

Nenang Pawo is one of the highest lamas of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Nenghai

Nenghai (20 January 1886 – 1 January 1967) was a Vajrayana Buddhist monk of the Gelug school and religious leader in modern China.

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New Kadampa

The term New Kadampa is a synonym for the 14th century Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, as founded by Je Tsongkhapa.

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New Kadampa Tradition

The New Kadampa Tradition – International Kadampa Buddhist Union (NKT—IKBU) is a global Buddhist new religious movement founded by Kelsang Gyatso in England in 1991.

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Newar Buddhism

Newar Buddhism is the form of Vajrayana Buddhism practiced by the Newar people of the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal.

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Ng Mui

Ng Mui (Chinese: t 伍枚, p Wú Méi; Cantonese: Ng5 Mui4) is said to have been one of the legendary Five Elders—survivors of the destruction of the Shaolin Temple by the Qing Dynasty.

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Ngagpa

In Tibetan Buddhism and Bon, a Ngagpa (Sanskrit mantrī) is a non-monastic practitioner of Dzogchen who has received a skra dbang, a hair empowerment, for example in the Dudjom Tersar lineage.

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Ngalop people

The Ngalop (སྔལོངཔ་; "earliest risen people" or "first converted people" according to folk etymology) are people of Tibetan origin who migrated to Bhutan as early as the ninth century.

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Ngawa Town

Ngawa or Aba town (Ngawa) is the seat of Ngawa (Aba) County, within the Ngawa (Aba) Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Sichuan, China.

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Ngawang Jigdral Rinpoche

No description.

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Ngawang Namgyal

Ngawang Namgyal (later granted the honorific Zhabdrung Rinpoche approximately at whose feet one submits) (alternate spellings include Zhabdrung Ngawang Namgyel; 1594–1651) and known colloquially as the Bearded Lama, was a Tibetan Buddhist lama and the unifier of Bhutan as a nation-state.

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Ngawang Samten

Ngawang Samten is a Tibetan educationist, Tibetologist and the vice chancellor of the Central University for Tibetan Studies.

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Ngawang Sangdrol

Ngawang Sangdrol (born in Lhasa, Tibet, in 1977) is a former political prisoner, imprisoned at the age of 13 by the Government of the People's Republic of China, for peacefully demonstrating against the Chinese occupation of Tibet in 1992.

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Ngawang Wangyal

Ngawang Wangyal (October 15, 1901 - January 30, 1983), popularly known as "Geshe Wangyal," was a Buddhist priest and scholar of Kalmyk origin who was born in the Astrakhan province in southeast Russia sometime in 1901.

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Ngöndro

The Tibetan term Ngöndro (pūrvaka) refers to the preliminary, preparatory or foundational practices or disciplines (Sanskrit: sādhanā) common to all four schools of Tibetan Buddhism and also to Bon.

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Ngor lineage

Ngor is a sub-sect of the Sakya tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Ngorchen Konchog Lhundrup

Ngorchen Konchog Lhundrub (born 1497 in Sakya - died 1557) was a Tibetan Buddhist monk, abbot, teacher and writer.

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Nicholas Vreeland

Nicholas Vreeland, also known as Rato Khen Rinpoche, Geshe Thupten Lhundup, is a fully ordained Tibetan Buddhist monk who is the abbot of Rato Dratsang Monastery, a 10th century Tibetan Buddhist monastery reestablished in India.

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Nick Ribush

Nicholas Ribush was one of the first Westerners to be ordained as a monk in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition.

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Nikaya Buddhism

The term Nikāya Buddhism was coined by Masatoshi Nagatomi as a non-derogatory substitute for Hinayana, meaning the early Buddhist schools.

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Nina Graboi

Nina Graboi (December 8, 1918 – December 13, 1999) was a Holocaust survivor, artist, writer, spiritual seeker, philosopher, and influential figure in the sixties psychedelic movement.

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Nio

or are two wrathful and muscular guardians of the Buddha standing today at the entrance of many Buddhist temples in East Asian Buddhism in the form of frightening wrestler-like statues.

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Nondualism

In spirituality, nondualism, also called non-duality, means "not two" or "one undivided without a second".

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North Karnataka

North Karnataka, locally known as Uttara Karnataka, is a geographical region consisting of mostly semi-arid plateau from elevation that constitutes the northern part of the South Indian state of Karnataka.

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Northern Yuan dynasty

The Northern Yuan dynasty, was a Mongol régime based in the Mongolian homeland.

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November 1950

The following events occurred in November 1950.

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Noyon Khutagt

The Noyon Khutagt is a monk of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism in the Gobi region of Mongolia.

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Nu people

The Nu people (alternative names include Nusu, Nung, Zauzou and Along) are one of the 56 ethnic groups recognized by the People's Republic of China.

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Nubchen Sangye Yeshe

Nubchen Sangye Yeshe (9th century) was one of the twenty-five principal students of Guru Padmasambhava, founder of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Nyethang Drolma Temple

The Nyethang Drolma Temple is a temple in Nyêtang in the Tibet Autonomous Region of China dedicated to Tara.

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Nyingma

The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug).

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Nyingyor Monastery

Nyingyor Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Jonang and Gelug sect in the Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai province, China.

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Nyorai

The Japanese word is the translation of the Sanskrit and Pali word Tathagata, the term the historical Buddha used most often to refer to himself.

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Nyoshul Khenpo Rinpoche

Nyoshül Khenpo Rinpoche (1932–1999), more fully Nyoshül Khenpo Jamyang Dorje, was a Tibetan lama born in the Derge region of Kham.

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Occupation of Mongolia

The occupation of Outer Mongolia by the Beiyang government of the Republic of China began in October 1919 and lasted until early 1921, when Chinese troops in Urga were routed by Baron Ungern's White Russian (Buryats, Russians etc.) and Mongolian forces.

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Octave

In music, an octave (octavus: eighth) or perfect octave is the interval between one musical pitch and another with half or double its frequency.

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Ogoy Island

Ogoy (Ого́й from Уhагγй - waterless) is the largest island in the Maloe More strait of Lake Baikal.

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Ogyen Trinley Dorje

Ogyen Trinley Dorje (born June 26, 1985), also written Urgyen Trinley Dorje (is a claimant to the title of 17th Karmapa Lama. The Karmapa is head of the Karma Kagyu school, one of the four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Oirats

Oirats (Oirad or Ойрд, Oird; Өөрд; in the past, also Eleuths) are the westernmost group of the Mongols whose ancestral home is in the Altai region of western Mongolia.

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Ole Nydahl

Ole Nydahl (born March 19, 1941), also known as Lama Ole, is a Danish Lama in the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Olot people

The Olot people (Mongolian: Өөлд/Ööld, English: Eleut) are an Oirat sub-ethnic group of Choros origin.

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Om mani padme hum

(ॐ मणिपद्मे हूँ) is the six-syllabled Sanskrit mantra particularly associated with the four-armed Shadakshari form of Avalokiteshvara (Chenrezig, Guanyin, かんのん Kannon or Kanzeon, Мэгжид Жанрайсиг Migjid Janraisig), the bodhisattva of compassion.

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One Armed Boxer

One Armed Boxer (獨臂拳王) is a 1971 Hong Kong martial arts film starring Jimmy Wang Yu.

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One Hundred and Eight Stupas

The One Hundred and Eight Stupas is an array of one hundred and eight Buddhist stupas (also called dagobas) on a hillside on the west bank of the Yellow River at Qingtongxia in Ningxia, China.

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Order of succession

An order of succession is the sequence of those entitled to hold a high office such as head of state or an honour such as a title of nobility in the order in which they stand in line to it when it becomes vacated.

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Ordination

Ordination is the process by which individuals are consecrated, that is, set apart as clergy to perform various religious rites and ceremonies.

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Ordos Mongols

The Ordos (Mongolian Cyrillic: Ордос) are a Mongol subgroup that live in Uushin district, Inner Mongolia of China.

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Orgyen Kusum Lingpa

Orgyen Kusum Lingpa (1934-2009) was a Tibetan terton and Nyingma lineage holder within Tibetan Buddhism.

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Orgyen Tobgyal

Orgyen Tobgyal Rinpoche, also called Tulku Ugyen Topgyal, is a Tibetan Buddhist lama who was born in Kham in Eastern Tibet in 1951, living in exile in India.

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Ouch, Lower Dir

Ouch (اوچ) is a town in Lower Dir District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

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Outer Tantras

The Outer Tantras are the second three divisions in the ninefold division of practice according to the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Outline of Buddhism

Buddhism (Pali/बौद्ध धर्म Buddha Dharma) is a religion and philosophy encompassing a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha, "the awakened one".

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Outline of Mongolia

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mongolia: Mongolia – landlocked sovereign country located in East-Central Asia.

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Outline of spirituality

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to spirituality: Spirituality may refer to an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality, an inner path enabling a person to discover the essence of his/her being, or the “deepest values and meanings by which people live.” Spiritual practices, including meditation, prayer and contemplation, are intended to develop an individual's inner life; spiritual experience includes that of connectedness with a larger reality, yielding a more comprehensive self; with other individuals or the human community; with nature or the cosmos; or with the divine realm.

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Outline of Tibet

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tibet: Tibet is a plateau region in Asia and the home to the indigenous Tibetan people.

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Overtone singing

Overtone singing – also known as overtone chanting, harmonic singing or throat singing – is a type of singing in which the singer manipulates the resonances (or formants) created as air travels from the lungs, past the vocal folds, and out of the lips to produce a melody.

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Pabongkhapa Déchen Nyingpo

Pabongkhapa Déchen Nyingpo, (1878–1941) was a Gelug lama of the modern era of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Pacific Northwest

The Pacific Northwest (PNW), sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and (loosely) by the Cascade Mountain Range on the east.

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Padma Choling

Padma Choling (alternatively Pema Thinley, Pelma Chiley, Baima Chilin;; born October 1952) is a politician.

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Padmakara Translation Group

Padmakara was founded in 1987, in Dordogne, France and is directed by Tsetul Pema Wangyal Rinpoche and Jigme Khyentse Rinpoche.

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Padmasambhava

Padmasambhava (lit. "Lotus-Born"), also known as Guru Rinpoche, was an 8th-century Indian Buddhist master.

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Padum

Padum is named after Padmasambhava.

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Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai

Pagbalha Geleg Namgyai (born February 1940) is the 11th Qamdo Pagbalha Hutuktu of Tibetan Buddhism and a politician of the People's Republic of China.

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Pala Empire

The Pala Empire was an imperial power during the Late Classical period on the Indian subcontinent, which originated in the region of Bengal.

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Palcho Monastery

The Palcho Monastery or Pelkor Chode Monastery or Shekar Gyantse is the main monastery in the Nyangchu river valley in Gyantse, Gyantse County, Shigatse Prefecture, Tibet, China.

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Palden Gyatso

Palden Gyatso (born 1933 in Panam, Tibet) is a Tibetan Buddhist monk who was born in Tibet in 1933.

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Palden Lhamo

Palden Lhamo or Panden Lhamo ("Glorious Goddess",Volkmann, Rosemarie: "Female Stereotypes in Tibetan Religion and Art: the Genetrix/Progenitress as the Exponent of the Underworld" in, Śrīdēvī, Ukin Tengri) or RematiDowman, Keith.

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Palden Sherab

Khenchen Palden Sherab Rinpoche (May 10, 1938 – June 19, 2010) was a scholar and lama in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Palpung Monastery

Palpung Monastery is the name of the congregation of monasteries and centers of the Tai Situpa lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism as well as the name of the Tai Situ's monastic seat in Derge, Kham (modern Sichuan).

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Paltul Rinpoche

Ven.

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Palyul Monastery

Palyul Monastery, also known as Palyul Namgyal Jangchub Choling Monastery and sometimes romanized as Pelyul Monastery, is one of the six mother monasteries of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Panchen Lama

The Panchen Lama is a tulku of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration

The Tibetan Parliament in Exile (TPiE), officially the Parliament of the Central Tibetan Administration, is the unicameral and highest legislative organ of the Central Tibetan Administration.

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Passaic, New Jersey

Passaic is a city in Passaic County, New Jersey, United States.

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Passang Lhamo

Passang Lhamo is a Tibetan nun, activist, and singer.

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Patala

In Indian religions, Patala (Sanskrit: पाताल, IAST: pātāla, lit. that which is below the feet) denotes the subterranean realms of the universe – which are located under the earth.

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Patrick Gaffney (Buddhist)

Patrick John Gaffney (born 6 February 1949) is an English author, editor, translator, and teacher of Tibetan Buddhism who studied at the University of Cambridge.

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Patrul Rinpoche

Patrul Rinpoche (Wylie: dpal sprul rin po che) (1808–1887) was a prominent teacher and author of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Patsab Nyima Drakpa

Patsab Nyima Drakpa (Tib. པ་ཚབ་ཉི་མ་གྲགས་པ་, Wyl. pa tshab nyi ma grags pa) (1055-1145?) was a Tibetan Buddhist scholar and translator of the Sarma (New Translation) era.

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Patti Smith

Patricia Lee "Patti" Smith (born December 30, 1946) is an American singer-songwriter, poet, and visual artist who became an influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album Horses.

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Pavol Barabáš

Pavol Barabáš (born September 13, 1959 in Trenčín) is a Slovak film director, a traveler and an adventurer.

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Pawo Tsuglag Threngwa

Pawo Tsuglag Threngwa (1504–1566), the second Nenang Pawo, was a Tibetan historian of the Karma Kagyu.

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Pāramitā

Pāramitā (Sanskrit, Pali) or pāramī (Pāli) is "perfection" or "completeness".

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Pema Chödrön

Pema Chödrön (born Deirdre Blomfield-Brown July 14, 1936) is an American Tibetan Buddhist.

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Pema Lingpa

Pema Lingpa or Padma Lingpa (1450–1521) was a Bhutanese saint and siddha of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Pema Namding Monastery

Pema Namding Monastery is a Nyingma Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Nepal which was opened in April 2008.

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Pema Tönyö Nyinje

Pema Dönyö Nyinje, born 1954 is the 12th Tai Situpa, a tulku in Tibetan Buddhism, and one of the leading figures of the Karma Kagyu school.

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Pema Tseden

Pema Tseden, also called Wanma Tsaidan (born December 1969), is a Tibetan film director and screenwriter of Chinese citizenship.

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Penelope Tree

Penelope Tree (born 2 December 1949) is an English former fashion model prominent in swinging sixties London.

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Penor Rinpoche

Kyabjé Drubwang Padma Norbu Rinpoche (1932 - March 27, 2009) was the 11th throne holder of the Palyul Lineage of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism, and said to be an incarnation of Vimalamitra.

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Penrhos, Monmouthshire

Penrhos is a village in the community of Llantilio Crossenny in Monmouthshire, south east Wales, United Kingdom.

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Persecution of Buddhists

Many Buddhists have experienced persecution from non-Buddhists and other Buddhists during the history of Buddhism.

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Persecution of Muslims

Persecution of Muslims is the religious persecution inflicted upon followers of Islamic faith.

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Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo

Phagmo Drupa Dorje Gyalpo, was one of the three main disciples of Gampopa Sonam Rinchen who established the Dagpo Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism; and a disciple of Sachen Kunga Nyingpo one of the founders of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Phagmodrupa dynasty

The Phagmodrupa Dynasty or Pagmodru was a dynastic regime that held sway over Tibet or parts thereof from 1354 to the early 17th century.

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Phajo Drugom Zhigpo

Phajo Drugom Shigpo was a Tibetan Buddhist particularly important in the early spread of the Drukpa school to Bhutan where he is revered as an emanation of Avalokiteśvara.

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Philip Whalen

Philip Glenn Whalen (20 October 1923 – 26 June 2002) was an American poet, Zen Buddhist, and a key figure in the San Francisco Renaissance and close to the Beat generation.

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Philosophy

Philosophy (from Greek φιλοσοφία, philosophia, literally "love of wisdom") is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language.

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Philosophy of mind

Philosophy of mind is a branch of philosophy that studies the nature of the mind.

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Phodong Monastery

Phodong Monastery (or Phodang) is a Buddhist monastery in Sikkim, India.

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Phowa

Phowa (Tibetan: འཕོ་བ་; Wylie: 'pho ba; also spelled Powa phonetically; Sanskrit: saṃkrānti) is a Vajrayāna Buddhist meditation practice.

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Phugtal Monastery

Phugtal Monastery or Phugtal Gompa (often transliterated as Phuktal) is a Buddhist monastery located in the remote Lungnak Valley in south-eastern Zanskar, in the autonomous Himalayan region of Ladakh, in Northern India.

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Phuntsog Nyidron

Phuntsog Nyidron (born 1969) is a Tibetan Buddhist nun and a former high-profile prisoner in Tibet.

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Pin Valley National Park

Pin Valley National Park is a National park of India located within the Lahaul and Spiti district, in the state of Himachal Pradesh, in far Northern India.

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Places of worship in Bangalore

Bangalore (Bengaluru), the capital of Karnataka state, India, reflects its multireligious and cosmopolitan character by its more than 1000 temples, 400 mosques, 100 churches, 40 Jain derasars, three Sikh gurdwaras, two Buddhist viharas and one Parsi fire temple located in an area of 741 km² of the metropolis.

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Pointing-out instruction

The pointing-out instruction (ngo sprod) is the direct introduction to the nature of mind in the Tibetan Buddhist lineages of Mahāmudrā and Dzogchen.

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Portrait of Yutog Yontan Gonpo

The Portrait of Yutog Yontan Gonpo is a 17th-century Tibetan Buddhist thangka of the lama and the physician Yutog Yontan Gonpo (traditionally 708 - 833) of Tibet, now in the Rubin Museum of Art in New York.

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Pragyananda Mahasthavir

Pragyananda Mahasthavir (Devanagari: प्रज्ञानन्द महास्थविर) (born Kul Man Singh Tuladhar) (2 May 1900 – 11 March 1993) was a Nepalese Buddhist monk who was one of the leaders of the revival of Theravada Buddhism in Nepal.

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Praises to the Twenty-One Taras

Praises to the Twenty-One Taras is a traditional prayer in Tibetan Buddhism to the female Bodhisattva Tara (तारा,; Tibetan སྒྲོལ་མ, Drolma) also known as Ārya Tārā, or Jetsun Dolma (Wylie:rje btsun sgrol ma).

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Prajnaparamita

Prajñāpāramitā means "the Perfection of (Transcendent) Wisdom" in Mahāyāna Buddhism.

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Prakasa

Prakāśa is a concept of Kashmir Shaivism translated by various authors as "light", "splendour", "light of consciousness" (identified with Śiva) (Swami Lakshman Joo), "luminous and undifferentiated consciousness" (Paul E. Murphy) or "primordial light beyond all manifestations"The Triadic Heart of Shiva, Paul Muller-Ortega, page 95 (Paul Muller-Ortega).

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Pramanavarttika

The Pramāṇavārttika (Sanskrit, Commentary on Valid Cognition; Tib. tshad ma rnam 'grel) is an influential Buddhist text on pramana (valid instruments of knowledge, epistemic criteria), a form of Indian epistemology.

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Pranayama

Prāṇāyāma (प्राणायाम) is a Sanskrit word alternatively translated as "extension of the prāṇa (breath or life force)" or "breath control." The word is composed from two Sanskrit words: prana meaning life force (noted particularly as the breath), and either ayama (to restrain or control the prana, implying a set of breathing techniques where the breath is intentionally altered in order to produce specific results) or the negative form ayāma, meaning to extend or draw out (as in extension of the life force).

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Prasaṅgika according to Tsongkhapa

The Svatantrika-Prasaṅgika distinction is a set of arguments about two different positions of emptiness philosophy which are debated within the Mahayana school of Buddhism.

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Pratap Malla

Pratap Malla (1624–74 A.D.), of Malla dynasty of Nepal, was the ninth king of Kantipur (reign 1641–74 A.D.) after the division of the Kathmandu Valley into three kingdoms.

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Pratītyasamutpāda

Pratītyasamutpāda (प्रतीत्यसमुत्पाद pratītyasamutpāda; पटिच्चसमुप्पाद paṭiccasamuppāda), commonly translated as dependent origination, or dependent arising, is the principle that all dharmas ("phenomena") arise in dependence upon other dharmas: "if this exists, that exists; if this ceases to exist, that also ceases to exist".

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Prayer

Prayer is an invocation or act that seeks to activate a rapport with an object of worship, typically a deity, through deliberate communication.

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Prayer beads

Prayer beads are used by members of various religious traditions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism and the Bahá'í Faith to mark the repetitions of prayers, chants or devotions, such as the rosary of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Catholicism, and dhikr (remembrance of God) in Islam.

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Prayer for the dead

Wherever there is a belief in the continued existence of human personality through and after death, religion naturally concerns itself with the relations between the living and the dead.

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Prayer wheel

A prayer wheel is a cylindrical wheel on a spindle made from metal, wood, stone, leather or coarse cotton.

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Prātimokṣa

The Prātimokṣa (Sanskrit prātimokṣa) is a list of rules (contained within the vinaya) governing the behaviour of Buddhist monastics (monks or bhikṣus and nuns or bhikṣuṇīs).

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Pritzker family

The Pritzker family is an American family engaged in entrepreneurship and philanthropy, and one of the wealthiest families in the United States of America, being near the top of Forbes magazine's "America's Richest Families" list since the magazine began listings in 1982.

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Prostration

Prostration is the placement of the body in a reverentially or submissively prone position as a gesture.

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Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950

Protests and uprisings in Tibet against the government of the People's Republic of China have occurred since 1950, and include the 1959 uprising, the 2008 uprising, and the subsequent self-immolation protests.

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Psychology of religion and dreams

Dreams have been interpreted in many different ways from being a source of power to the capability of understanding and communicating with the dead.

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Psychonautics

Psychonautics (from the Ancient Greek ψυχή psychē and ναύτης naútēs – "a sailor of the soul") refers both to a methodology for describing and explaining the subjective effects of altered states of consciousness, especially an important subgroup called holotropic states, including those induced by meditation or mind-altering substances, and to a research paradigm in which the researcher voluntarily immerses himself or herself into an altered mental state in order to explore the accompanying experiences.

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Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico (Spanish for "Rich Port"), officially the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico (Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, "Free Associated State of Puerto Rico") and briefly called Porto Rico, is an unincorporated territory of the United States located in the northeast Caribbean Sea.

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Pumi people

The Pumi (also Primi) people (Tibetan: བོད་མི་, Wylie: bod mi,, own name) are an ethnic group.

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Punakha Dzong

The Punakha Dzong, also known as Pungtang Dewa chhenbi Phodrang (meaning "the palace of great happiness or bliss"), is the administrative centre of Punakha District in Punakha, Bhutan.

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Puning Temple (Hebei)

The Puning Temple, commonly called the Big Buddha Temple, is a Buddhist temple complex in Chengde, Hebei province, China.

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Pure land

A pure land is the celestial realm or pure abode of a buddha or bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Pure Land Buddhism

Pure Land Buddhism (浄土仏教 Jōdo bukkyō; Korean:; Tịnh Độ Tông), also referred to as Amidism in English, is a broad branch of Mahayana Buddhism and one of the most widely practiced traditions of Buddhism in East Asia.

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Pusading

The Pusading is a Buddhist temple located in Taihuai Town of Wutai County, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.

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Qi

In traditional Chinese culture, qi or ch'i is believed to be a vital force forming part of any living entity.

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Qiang people

The Qiang people are an ethnic group in China.

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Qianlong Emperor

The Qianlong Emperor (25 September 1711 – 7 February 1799) was the sixth emperor of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper.

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Qifo Temple

Qifo Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Taihuai Town of Wutai County, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.

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Qing dynasty

The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.

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Qinghai

Qinghai, formerly known in English as Kokonur, is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northwest of the country.

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Qixian Temple (Mount Wutai)

Qixian Temple, also known as Guanyin Cave, is a Buddhist temple located on Mount Wutai of Taihuai Town, in Wutai County, Shanxi, China.

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Qormusta Tengri

Qormusta Tengri (Qormusata Tngri "King of the Gods", also transliterated as Qormusta Tngri and Hormusta) is a god in Mongolian mythology and shamanism, described as the chief god of the 99 tngri and leader of the 33 gods.

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Rainbow Body

Rainbow Body is an orchestral composition by the American composer Christopher Theofanidis.

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Rajiv Malhotra

Rajiv Malhotra (born 15 September 1950) is an Indian-American author and public intellectual who, after a career in the computer and telecom industries, took early retirement in 1995 to found the Infinity Foundation, which focuses on Indic studies, but also funds projects such as Columbia University's project to translate the Tibetan Buddhist Tengyur.

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Ralang Monastery

New Ralang Monastery or Ralong Palchen Choling is a Buddhist monastery of the Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism in southern Sikkim, northeastern India.

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Ralpacan

Ralpacan, born Tritsuk Detsen c. 806 CE according to traditional sources, was the 41st King of Tibet, ruling from the death of his father, Sadnalegs, in c. 815, until 838 CE.

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Ralung Monastery

Ralung Monastery, located in the Tsang region of western Tibet south of Karo Pass, is the traditional seat of the Drukpa Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Rangdum Monastery

Rangdum Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery belonging to the Gelugpa sect, situated on top of a small but steep sugarloaf hill at an altitude of 4,031 m (13,225 ft) at the head of the Suru Valley, in Ladakh.

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Rangjung Dorje, 3rd Karmapa Lama

Rangjung Dorje (1284–1339) was the third Karmapa (head of the Karma Kagyu, the largest sub-school of the Kagyu) and an important figure in the history of Tibetan Buddhism, who helped to spread Buddha-nature teachings in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Rangjung Rigpe Dorje, 16th Karmapa

The sixteenth Gyalwa Karmapa, Rangjung Rigpe Dorje (August 14, 1924 – November 5, 1981) (Wylie Rang 'byung rig pa'i rdo rje) was spiritual leader of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Rangtong-Shentong

Rangtong and shentong are two distinctive views on emptiness (sunyata) and the two truths doctrine within Tibetan Buddhism.

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Ranjana alphabet

The Rañjanā script (syn: Kutila, Lantsa) is an abugida writing system which developed in the 11th century.

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Ratna Vajra Rinpoche

Ratna Vajra Rinpoche (born 19 November 1974), is a Tibetan Buddhist teacher and the 42nd and current Sakya Trizin, considered one of the highest qualified lineage masters of both the esoteric and exoteric traditions of Buddhist philosophy and meditation.

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Rato Dratsang

Rato Dratsang (Dratsang in Tibetan means school or university), also known as Rato Monastery (sometimes spelled Ratö Monastery), is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery or monastic university of the Gelug or "Yellow Hat" tradition.

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Ravangla

Ravangla or Rawangla or Ravongla is a small tourist town situated at an elevation of 7000 ft in South Sikkim district of the Indian state of Sikkim.

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Rāgarāja

Rāgarāja (रागाराजा;, Japanese Aizen Myō'ō) is a dharmapala deity from the Esoteric and Vajrayana Buddhist traditions.

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Rāhula

Rāhula (born c. 534 BCE) was the only son of Siddhartha Gautama (commonly known as Buddha), and his wife Princess Yasodharā.

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Reality in Buddhism

Reality in Buddhism is called dharma (Sanskrit) or dhamma (Pali).

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Rebirth (Buddhism)

Rebirth in Buddhism refers to its teaching that the actions of a person lead to a new existence after death, in endless cycles called saṃsāra.

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Rechung Dorje Drakpa

Rechung Dorje Drakpa (1083/4-1161), known as Rechungpa, was one of the two most important students of the 11th century yogi and poet Milarepa and founder of the now-defunct Rechung lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Red Hat sect

In Tibetan Buddhism, the Red Hat sect or Red Hat sects, named for the colour of the monks' hats at formal occasions, includes the three oldest of the four main schools of Tibetan Buddhism, namely.

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Refuge (Buddhism)

Buddhists take refuge in the Three Jewels or Triple Gem (also known as the "Three Refuges").

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Reginald Ray

Reginald "Reggie" Ray (born 1942) is an American Buddhist academic and teacher.

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Regong arts

The Regong arts (or Rebgong arts) are the popular arts on the subject of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Reincarnation

Reincarnation is the philosophical or religious concept that an aspect of a living being starts a new life in a different physical body or form after each biological death.

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Religion and drugs

Many religions have expressed positions on what is acceptable to consume as a means of intoxication for spiritual, pleasure, or medicinal purposes.

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Religion in Arunachal Pradesh

Owing to its ethnic and cultural diversity, religion in Arunachal Pradesh has been a spot for the syncretism of different traditional religions.

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Religion in Asia

Asia is the largest and most populous continent, with a wide variety of religions, and was the birthplace of many religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, Jainism, Christianity, Judaism, Shintoism, Sikhism, Taoism, and Zoroastrianism.

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Religion in Atlanta

Religion in Atlanta, while historically centered on Protestant Christianity, now involves many faiths as a result of the city and metro area's increasingly international population.

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Religion in Australia

Religion in Australia is diverse.

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Religion in Bhutan

The official religion in Bhutan Vajrayana Buddhism.

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Religion in Brazil

Religion in Brazil is more diverse compared to other Latin American countries.

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Religion in Catalonia

Religion in Catalonia is diversified.

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Religion in China

China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.

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Religion in Denmark

Of all the religions in Denmark, the most prominent is Christianity in the form of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark (Dansk Folkekirke), the state religion.

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Religion in Europe

Religion in Europe has been a major influence on today's society art, culture, philosophy and law.

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Religion in Germany

Christianity is the largest religion in Germany, comprising an estimated ~58.5% of the country's population in 2016.

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Religion in Houston

The city of Houston which historically was centered on Protestant Christianity, and a part of the Bible Belt, is now home to many different religions owing to its large ethnic diverse population.

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Religion in Inner Mongolia

Religion in Inner Mongolia is characterised by the diverse traditions of Mongolian-Tibetan Buddhism, Chinese Buddhism, the Chinese traditional religion including the traditional Chinese ancestral religion, Taoism, Confucianism and folk religious sects, and the Mongolian native religion.

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Religion in Kazakhstan

According to various polls, the majority of Kazakhstan's citizens, primarily ethnic Kazakhs, identify as non-denominational Muslims, while others incline towards Sunni of the Hanafi school, traditionally including ethnic Kazakhs, who constitute about 63.6% of the population, as well as ethnic Uzbeks, Uighurs, and Tatars.

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Religion in Mexico

Catholic Christianity is the dominant religion in Mexico, representing about 82.7% of the total population as of 2010.

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Religion in Nepal

Nepal is multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and religious diverse nation with all the religions being practiced since ancient times here.

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Religion in Northeast China

The predominant religions in Northeast China (including the provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang, historically also known as Manchuria) are Chinese folk religions led by local shamans.

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Religion in Russia

Religion in Russia is very diversified.

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Religion in Taiwan

Religion in Taiwan is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices, predominantly those pertaining to Chinese culture.

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Religion in the Czech Republic

Religion in the Czech Republic was dominated by Christianity until at least the early 20th century.

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Religion in the Mongol Empire

The Mongol empire was eventually consumed by Islam.

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Religion in the United Kingdom

Religion in the United Kingdom, and in the countries that preceded it, has been dominated for over 1,400 years by various forms of Christianity.

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Religion in Tibet

The main religion in Tibet has been Buddhism since its outspread in the 8th century AD.

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Religious conversion

Religious conversion is the adoption of a set of beliefs identified with one particular religious denomination to the exclusion of others.

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Religious habit

A religious habit is a distinctive set of religious clothing worn by members of a religious order.

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Religious syncretism

Religious syncretism exhibits blending of two or more religious belief systems into a new system, or the incorporation into a religious tradition of beliefs from unrelated traditions.

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Religious text

Religious texts (also known as scripture, or scriptures, from the Latin scriptura, meaning "writing") are texts which religious traditions consider to be central to their practice or beliefs.

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Religious views on organ donation

Many different major religious groups and denominations have varying views on organ donation of a deceased and live bodies, depending on their ideologies.

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Republics of Russia

According to the Constitution, the Russian Federation is divided into 85 federal subjects (constituent units), 22 of which are "republics".

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Resignation of Pope Benedict XVI

The resignation of Pope Benedict XVI occurred on 28 February 2013 at 20:00 (8:00 PM) CET (19:00 UTC).

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Reting Monastery

Reting Monastery is an historically important Buddhist monastery in Lhünzhub County in Lhasa, Ü-Tsang, Tibet.

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Retreat (spiritual)

The meaning of a spiritual retreat can be different for different religious communities.

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Revolver (Beatles album)

Revolver is the seventh album by the English rock band the Beatles.

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Richard Barron

Richard Barron (Lama Chökyi Nyima) is a Canadian-born translator who specializes in the writings of Longchenpa.

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Richard C. Blum

Richard Charles Blum (born July 31, 1935Abate, Tom. (May 11, 2003)., San Francisco Chronicle, pp. I1-I2.) is an American investment banker.

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Richard Gere

Richard Tiffany Gere (born August 31, 1949) is an American actor and humanitarian activist.

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Rimé movement

The Rimé movement is a movement involving the Sakya, Kagyu and Nyingma schools of Tibetan Buddhism, along with some Bon scholars.

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Rinad Minvaleyev

Rinad Sultanovich Minvaleyev (Рина́д Султа́нович Минвале́ев; born August 20, 1965 in Yaroslavl, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union) is a Russian physiologist, orientalist and researcher of the traditional health cаre systems, candidate of biological sciences, associate professor at the Chair of Physical Education and Sports, Saint-Petersburg State University, provost at the State National Institute of Health, the scientific worker of the A. A. Ukhtomsky Institute of Physiology.

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Rinpoche

Rinpoche, also spelled Rimboche and Rinboqê, is an honorific term used in the Tibetan language.

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Rinpungpa

Rinpungpa was a Tibetan regime that dominated much of Western Tibet and part of Ü-Tsang between 1435 and 1565.

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Rob Nairn

Robert G. Nairn is a South African Buddhist teacher, author and populariser.

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Robert K. C. Forman

Robert K. C. Forman, a long-term TM-practitioner and a critic of the constructionist approach to mystical experience, was professor of religion at the City University of New York, author of several studies on religious experience, and co-editor of the Journal of Consciousness Studies.

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Robert Rutman

Robert "Bob" Rutman (born 15 May 1931) is a German-American visual artist, musician, composer, and instrument builder.

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Robert Thurman

Robert Alexander Farrar Thurman (born August 3, 1941) is an American Buddhist author and academic who has written, edited, and translated several books on Tibetan Buddhism.

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Robin Kornman

Robin Kornman (April 17, 1947 – July 31, 2007) is best known for his work as a Tibetan Buddhist scholar, as well as a founding member of the Nalanda Translation Committee.

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Robina Courtin

Robina Courtin (born Melbourne, Australia, 20 December 1944) is a Buddhist nun in the Tibetan Buddhist Gelugpa tradition and lineage of Lama Thubten Yeshe and Lama Zopa Rinpoche.

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Rongbuk Monastery

Rongbuk Monastery (other spellings include Rongpu, Rongphu, Rongphuk and Rong sbug), also known as Dzarongpu or Dzarong, is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Nyingma sect in Basum Township, Dingri County, in Shigatse Prefecture of the Tibet Autonomous Region in China.

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Rongzom Chokyi Zangpo

Rongzom Chökyi Zangpo (1012–1088), widely known as Rongzom Mahapandita, Rongzom Dharmabhadra, or simply as Rongzompa, was one of the most important scholars of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Rudolf Ritsema

Rudolf Ritsema (3 October 1918, Velp, Gelderland – 8 May 2006) was the director of the Fondazione Eranos (Eranos Foundation) for over thirty years and the editor of the Eranos‑Jahrbuch serial (beginning with its vol. 38 published in 1972).

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Rula Lenska

Rula Lenska (born Róża Maria Leopoldyna Łubieńska, 30 September 1947) is an English actress.

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Rumtek Monastery

Rumtek Monastery, also called the Dharmachakra Centre, is a gompa located in the Indian state of Sikkim near the capital Gangtok.

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Russia

Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

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Russian Empire

The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.

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Ryuchi Matsuda

was the Japanese author behind A Historical Outline of Chinese Martial Arts and a manga called Kenji (supposedly based on his life story).

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Sa'ad al-Dawla

Sa'ad al-Dawla ibn Hibbat Allah ibn Muhasib Ebheri (سعد الدولة بن هبة الله بن محاسب ابهري) (c. 1240 – March 5, 1291) was a Jewish physician and statesman in thirteenth-century Persia.

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Saṃsāra (Buddhism)

Saṃsāra (Sanskrit, Pali; also samsara) in Buddhism is the beginning-less cycle of repeated birth, mundane existence and dying again.

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Sacred language

A sacred language, "holy language" (in religious context) or liturgical language is any language that is cultivated and used primarily in religious service or for other religious reasons by people who speak another, primary language in their daily life.

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Sadnalegs

Sadnalegs or Tridé Songtsen, was the youngest son of King Trisong Detsen of Tibet (reigned 800–815 CE – though various accounts give the beginning of his reign as 797 or 804 CE).

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Sagaan Ubgen

Sagaan Ubgen ("The elder White", "White Old Man"; Mongolian: (Дэлхийн) цагаан өвгөн Buryat: Сагаан үбгэн Russian: Белый Старец) is the Mongolian guardian of life and longevity, one of the symbols of fertility and prosperity in the Buddhist pantheon.

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Sainshand

Sainshand (Сайншанд) is the capital of Dornogovi Province in Mongolia.

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Sakha Republic

The Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (p; Sakha Öröspüübülükete), simply Sakha (Yakutia) (Саха (Якутия); Sakha Sire), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic).

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Sakya

The Sakya ("pale earth") school is one of four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism, the others being the Nyingma, Kagyu, and Gelug.

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Sakya Chokden

Serdok Penchen Sakya Chokden (gser mdog pan chen shakya mchog ldan, 1428–1507) was one of the most important religious thinkers of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Sakya Monastery

Sakya Monastery, also known as Pel Sakya ("White Earth" or "Pale Earth") is a Buddhist monastery situated 25 km southeast of a bridge which is about 127 km west of Shigatse on the road to Tingri in Tibet.

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Sakya Pandita

Sakya Pandita Kunga Gyeltsen (Tibetan: ས་སྐྱ་པནདིཏ་ཀུན་དགའ་རྒྱལ་མཚན)1182-28 November 1251) was a Tibetan spiritual leader and Buddhist scholar and the fourth of the Five Sakya Forefathers. Künga Gyeltsen is generally known simply as Sakya Pandita, a title given to him in recognition of his scholarly achievements and knowledge of Sanskrit. He is held in the tradition to have been an emanation of Manjusri, the embodiment of the wisdom of all the Buddhas. After that he also known as a great scholar in Tibet, Mongolia, China and India and was proficient in the five great sciences of Buddhist philosophy, medicine, grammar, dialectics and sacred Sanskrit literature as well as the minor sciences of rhetoric, synonymies, poetry, dancing and astrology. He is considered to be the fourth Sakya Forefather and sixth Sakya Trizin and one of the most important figures in the Sakya lineage.

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Sakya Trizin

Sakya Trizin ("Sakya Throne-Holder") is the traditional title of the head of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Sakya Trizin Ngawang Kunga

Sakya Trizin Ngawang Kunga served as the 41st Sakya Trizin, the throne holder of the Sakya Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism, from his appointment in 1952 until his retirement in 2017.

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Sakyong Mipham

Sakyong Jamgon Mipham Rinpoche, Jampal Trinley Dradul (born Ösel Rangdrol Mukpo on November 15, 1962) is the head of the Shambhala lineage and Shambhala, a worldwide network of urban Buddhist meditation centers, retreat centers, monasteries, a university, and other enterprises, founded by his father, Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche.

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Salève

The Salève is a mountain of the French Prealps located in the departement of Haute-Savoie (France).

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Salisbury International Arts Festival

Salisbury International Arts Festival (founded in 1974) is an annual multi-arts festival that delivers over 150 arts events each year, including concerts, comedy, poetry, dance, exhibitions, outdoor spectacles, and commissioned works.

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Sam Harris

Sam Benjamin Harris (born April 9, 1967) is an American author, philosopher, neuroscientist, critic of religion, blogger, and podcast host.

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Sam van Schaik

Sam Julius van Schaik is an English Tibetologist.

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Samantabhadra

Samantabhadra (Sanskrit, "Universal Worthy") is a bodhisattva in Mahayana Buddhism associated with practice and meditation.

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Samantabhadrī (tutelary)

Samantabhadri (Sanskrit; Devanagari: समन्तभद्री; IAST: samantabhadrī) is a dakini and female Buddha from the Vajrayana Buddhist tradition.

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Samaya

The samaya (Japanese and, sanmaya-kai, Sānmóyéjiè), is a set of vows or precepts given to initiates of an esoteric Vajrayana Buddhist order as part of the abhiṣeka (empowerment or initiation) ceremony that creates a bond between the guru and disciple.

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Samding Dorje Phagmo

The Samding Dorje Phagmo is the highest female incarnation in TibetThe Power-places of Central Tibet: The Pilgrim's Guide, (1988) p. 268.

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Samding Monastery

Samding Monastery "The Temple of Soaring Meditation" is a gompa built on a hill on a peninsula jutting into Yamdrok Lake about east of Nangkatse.

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Sand mandala

Sand Mandala is a Tibetan Buddhist tradition involving the creation and destruction of mandalas made from coloured sand.

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Sandhinirmocana Sutra

The Ārya-saṃdhi-nirmocana-sūtra (Sanskrit;; Gongpa Ngédrel) or Noble sūtra of the Explanation of the Profound Secrets is a Mahāyāna Buddhist text and the most important sutra of the Yogācāra school.

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Sandpainting

Sandpainting is the art of pouring coloured sands, and powdered pigments from minerals or crystals, or pigments from other natural or synthetic sources onto a surface to make a fixed, or unfixed sand painting.

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Sanga Monastery

Sanga Monastery is a small Tibetan Buddhist monastery located in the town of Dagzê in Dagzê County, Lhasa, Tibet.

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Sangha

Sangha (saṅgha; saṃgha; සංඝයා; พระสงฆ์; Tamil: சங்கம்) is a word in Pali and Sanskrit meaning "association", "assembly", "company" or "community" and most commonly refers in Buddhism to the monastic community of bhikkhus (monks) and bhikkhunis (nuns).

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Sangharakshita

Sangharakshita (born August 26, 1925 as Dennis Philip Edward Lingwood) is a Buddhist teacher and writer, and founder of the Triratna Buddhist Community, which was known until 2010 as the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order, or FWBO.

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Sani Monastery

Sani Monastery (also written Sanee), Sa-ni-, is located next to the village of Sani where the Stod Valley broadens into the central plain of Zanskar in Jammu and Kashmir in northern India.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.

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Saratov Governorate

Saratov Governorate (Саратовская губе́рния, Saratovskaya guberniya, Government of Saratov), was an administrative division (a guberniya) of the Russian Empire and the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, which existed from 1797 to 1928.

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Sarma (Tibetan Buddhism)

In Tibetan Buddhism, the Sarma or "New Translation" schools include the three newer (Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug) of the four main schools, comprising the following traditions and their sub-branches with their roots in the 11th century.

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Sarmoung Brotherhood

The Sarmoung Brotherhood was an alleged esoteric Sufi brotherhood based in Asia.

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Sarvastivada

The Sarvāstivāda (Sanskrit) were an early school of Buddhism that held to the existence of all dharmas in the past, present and future, the "three times".

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Sati (Buddhism)

Sati (in Pali; Sanskrit: smṛti) is mindfulness or awareness, a spiritual or psychological faculty (indriya) that forms an essential part of Buddhist practice.

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Satish Chandra Vidyabhusan

Satish Chandra Vidyabhusan (30 July 1870 - 25 April 1920) was a Bengali scholar of Sanskrit and Pali Language and principal of Sanskrit College.

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Sêrtar County

Sêrtar County or Serthar County (Tibetan: གསེར་ཐར་རྫོང།) is a county of Sichuan Province, China.

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Sönam Choklang, 2nd Panchen Lama

Sönam Choklang (1439–1504) was a Tibetan Buddhist religious leader.

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Schism

A schism (pronounced, or, less commonly) is a division between people, usually belonging to an organization, movement, or religious denomination.

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Schools of Buddhism

The Schools of Buddhism are the various institutional and doctrinal divisions of Buddhism that have existed from ancient times up to the present.

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Scott Carney

Scott Carney (born July 9, 1978) is an American investigative journalist.

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Second Beru Khyentse

The Second Beru Khyentse (1947), born Thupten Sherap is a lineage holder of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and the third reincarnation of Jamyang Khyentse Wangpo (18201892).

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Secular Buddhism

Secular Buddhism—sometimes also referred to as agnostic Buddhism, Buddhist agnosticism, ignostic Buddhism, atheistic Buddhism, pragmatic Buddhism, Buddhist atheism, or Buddhist secularism—is a broad term for an emerging form of Buddhism and secular spirituality that is based on humanist, skeptical, and/or agnostic values, as well as pragmatism and (often) naturalism, rather than religious (or more specifically supernatural or paranormal) beliefs.

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Sela Pass

The Sela Pass (more appropriately called Se La, as La means Pass) is a high-altitude mountain pass located on the border between the Tawang and West Kameng Districts of Arunachal Pradesh state in India.

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Sengge Namgyal

Sengge Namgyal (Sen-ge-rnam-rgyal, c. 1570–1642) was a 17th-century Namgyal dynasty King of Ladakh, India from 1616 to his death in 1642.

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Sentience

Sentience is the capacity to feel, perceive or experience subjectively.

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Sentient beings (Buddhism)

In Buddhism, sentient beings are beings with consciousness, sentience, or in some contexts life itself.

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Sera Monastery

Sera Monastery ("Wild Roses Monastery") is one of the "great three" Gelug university monasteries of Tibet, located north of Lhasa and about north of the Jokhang.

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Serfdom in Tibet controversy

The serfdom in Tibet controversy rests on Chinese claims of moral authority for governing Tibet, portraying Tibet as a "feudal serfdom" and a "hell on earth" prior to its invasion in 1950.

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Sermey Khensur Lobsang Tharchin

Sermey Khensur Lobsang Tharchin Rinpoche (1921–2004) was a scholar of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Sershul Monastery

Sershul Monastery (སེར་ཤུལ་དགོན།) is situated on the Tibetan Plateau at an elevation of.

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Shaanxi

Shaanxi is a province of the People's Republic of China.

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Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol

Shabkar Tsokdruk Rangdrol (Tib. ཞབས་དཀར་ཚོགས་དྲུག་རང་གྲོལ་, Wylie. zhabs dkar tshogs drug rang grol) (1781-1851) was a Tibetan Buddhist yogi and poet from Amdo.

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Shalu Lochen Legpa Gyeltshen

Shalu Lochen Legpa Gyaltsen (ཞྭ་ལུ་ལོ་ཆེན་ལེགས་པ་རྒྱལ་མཚན, (Wylie: zhwa lo lu chen rgyal mtshan legs pa)) (1375–1450) was a Tibetan spiritual leader.

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Shamanism in the Qing dynasty

Shamanism was the dominant religion of the Jurchen people of northeast Asia and of their descendants, the Manchu people.

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Shamarpa

The Shamarpa (literally, "Person (i.e. Holder) of the Red Crown"), also known as Shamar Rinpoche, or more formally Künzig Shamar Rinpoche, is a lineage holder of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and is regarded to be the mind manifestation of Amitābha.

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Shambala (song)

"Shambala" is a song written by Daniel Moore and made famous by two near-simultaneous releases in 1973: the better-known but slightly later recording by Three Dog Night, which reached number 3 on the Billboard Hot 100, and a version by B.W. Stevenson.

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Shambhala

In Hindu and Tibetan Buddhist traditions Shambhala (शम्भलः, also spelled Shambala or Shamballa) is a mythical kingdom.

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Shambhala Buddhism

The term Shambhala Buddhism was introduced by Sakyong Mipham in the year 2000 to describe his presentation of the Shambhala teachings originally conceived by Chögyam Trungpa as secular practices for achieving enlightened society, in concert with the Kagyu and Nyingma schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Shambhala Publications

Shambhala Publications is an independent publishing company based in Boulder, Colorado.

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Shambhala Training

Shambhala Training is a secular approach to meditation developed by Tibetan Buddhist teacher Chogyam Trungpa and his students.

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Shambhala: The Sacred Path of the Warrior

Shambhala: The Sacred Path of the Warrior is a book concerning the Shambhala Buddhist vision of founder Chögyam Trungpa.

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Shangpa Kagyu

The Shangpa Kagyu ("Oral Tradition of the man from Shang") is known as the "secret lineage" of the Kagyu school of Vajrayana or Tibetan Buddhism and differs in origin from the better known Dagpo schools.

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Shangri-La

Shangri-La is a fictional place described in the 1933 novel Lost Horizon by British author James Hilton.

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Shankh Monastery

Shankh Monastery (Шанх хийд, Shankh Khiid) located in Övörkhangai Province, Central Mongolia, 25 kilometers South East of Kharkhorin city, is one of Mongolia’s oldest and most historically significant monasteries.

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Sharabha

Sharabha (शरभ,, ಶರಭ, Telugu: శరభ) or Sarabha is a part-lion and part-bird beast in Hindu mythology, who, according to Sanskrit literature, is eight-legged and more powerful than a lion or an elephant, possessing the ability to clear a valley in one jump.

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Sharchops

The Sharchops (ཤར་ཕྱོགས་པ.,; "Easterner") are the populations of mixed Tibetan, Southeast Asian and South Asian descent that mostly live in the eastern districts of Bhutan.

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Shardza Tashi Gyaltsen

Shardza Tashi Gyaltsen (1859 - 1933 or 1935) was a great Dzogchen master of the Bon tradition of Tibet who took not only Bon disciples, but gathered students from all traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Sharon Knight

Sharon Knight is a San Francisco-based neopagan composer, singer, and multi-instrumentalist known for writing, recording, and performing Celtic fusion music she calls Neofolk Romantique.

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Shavaripa

Śabara in Sanskrit or Shavaripa in Tibetan is Indian Buddhist teacher, one of the eighty-four Mahasiddhas, honored as being among the holders of the distant transmission of Mahamudra.

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Shechen Gyaltsab

Shechen Gyaltsab (1871–1926) was a principal lineageholder of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Shechen Monastery

Shechen Monastery is one of the six primary or "mother" monasteries of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Shenlha Okar

Shenlha Ökar or Shiwa Ökar is the most important deity in the Yungdrung Bon tradition of Tibet.

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Shenpen Hookham

Susan Kathryn Rowan, known as Shenpen Hookham is a Buddhist teacher who has trained for over 40 years in the Mahamudra and Dzogchen traditions of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Shenphen Rinpoche

Shenphen Rinpoche (born 10 January 1969 in France) is a Tibetan Buddhist Lama.

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Shenyang

Shenyang, formerly known by its Manchu name Mukden or Fengtian, is the provincial capital and the largest city of Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China, as well as the largest city in Northeast China by urban population.

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Sherdukpen people

The Sherdukpen are an ethnic group related to both the Aka and Monpa.

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Shifang Temple

Shifang Temple, also known as Guangren Temple, is a Buddhist temple located on Mount Wutai, in Taihuai Town of Wutai County, Shanxi, China.

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Shigatse Dzong

The Shigatse Dzong, also known as Samdruptse Dzong, is located in Shigatse, Tibet, China.

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Shingon Buddhism

is one of the major schools of Buddhism in Japan and one of the few surviving Vajrayana lineages in East Asia, originally spread from India to China through traveling monks such as Vajrabodhi and Amoghavajra.

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Shmashana

Shamshana outside Indian village A shmashāna (or smashan) is a Hindu cremation ground, where dead bodies are brought to be burnt on a pyre.

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Shmashana Adhipati

Shmashana Adhipati is a name given to a deity either male or female and also together as a consort, who rules smashan.

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Shrivatsa

The Shrivatsa (Sanskrit श्रीवत्स śrīvatsa) is an ancient symbol considered auspicious in Indian religious traditions.

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Shunzhi Emperor

The Shunzhi Emperor; Manchu: ijishūn dasan hūwangdi; ᠡᠶ ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷ |translit.

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Shurangama Mantra

The Shurangama or Śūraṅgama mantra is a dhāraṇī or long mantra of Buddhist practice in China, Japan and Korea.

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Sibe people

The Sibe or Xibo are a Tungusic people living mostly in Xinjiang, Jilin (bordering North Korea) and Shenyang in Liaoning.

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Siberia

Siberia (a) is an extensive geographical region, and by the broadest definition is also known as North Asia.

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Siberian Baroque

Siberian Baroque is an architectural style common for ambitious structures in 18th-century Siberia, where 115 stone churches in Siberia were recorded in 1803, most of which were built in this provincial variant of the Russian Baroque, influenced by the Ukrainian Baroque and in some cases even incorporating lamaist motifs.

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Sichuan

Sichuan, formerly romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan, is a province in southwest China occupying most of the Sichuan Basin and the easternmost part of the Tibetan Plateau between the Jinsha River on the west, the Daba Mountains in the north, and the Yungui Plateau to the south.

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Sichuan Mongols

The Sichuan Mongols are officially counted among the Mongolian nationality in China.

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Siddhanta

Siddhānta, a Sanskrit term denoting the established and accepted view of any particular school within Indian philosophy.

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Silent Contest

Silent Contest is a Chinese communist military propaganda film produced by the People's Liberation Army's National Defense University Information Management Center, purporting to expose and explain the secret battle, or conspiracy, the United States is waging against the People's Republic of China.

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Silk Road transmission of Buddhism

Buddhism entered Han China via the Silk Road, beginning in the 1st or 2nd century CE.

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Simon Wickham-Smith

Simon Wickham-Smith (born Rustington, East Sussex, 2 February 1968) is a British musician, translator, academic and sometime astrologer.

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Simple Simpson

"Simple Simpson" is the nineteenth episode of The Simpsons' fifteenth season.

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Singapore

Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.

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Sino-Tibetan languages

The Sino-Tibetan languages, in a few sources also known as Trans-Himalayan, are a family of more than 400 languages spoken in East Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia.

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Sino-Tibetan relations during the Ming dynasty

The exact nature of relations between Tibet and the Ming dynasty of China (1368–1644) is unclear.

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Six Yogas of Naropa

The Six Yogas of Nāropa, also called the six dharmas of Naropa, are a set of advanced Tibetan Buddhist tantric practices and a meditation sādhanā compiled in and around the time of the Indian monk and mystic Nāropa (1016-1100 CE) and conveyed to his student Marpa Lotsawa.

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Snow Lion

The Snow Lion, sometimes also Snowlion, is a celestial animal of Tibet.

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Sogwo Arig

The Sogwo Arig (or Sog Mongols) claim to be descendants of Mongolian Yuan Dynasty rulers of Henan province.

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Sogyal Rinpoche

Sogyal Rinpoche (born 1947) is a Tibetan Dzogchen lama of the Nyingma tradition.

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Song dynasty

The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.

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Songs of realization

Songs of realization, or Songs of Experience (Devanāgarī: दोहा; Romanized Sanskrit: Dohā; Oriya: ପଦ) are sung poetry forms characteristic of the tantric movement in both Hinduism and in Vajrayana Buddhism.

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Songtsen Gampo

Songtsen Gampo (569–649?/605–649?) was the 33rd Tibetan king and founder of the Tibetan Empire, and is traditionally credited with the introduction of Buddhism to Tibet, influenced by his Nepali and Chinese queens, as well as being the unifier of what were previously several Tibetan kingdoms.

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Soul

In many religious, philosophical, and mythological traditions, there is a belief in the incorporeal essence of a living being called the soul. Soul or psyche (Greek: "psychē", of "psychein", "to breathe") are the mental abilities of a living being: reason, character, feeling, consciousness, memory, perception, thinking, etc.

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Southeast Asian Massif

The term Southeast Asian Massif was proposed in 1997 by anthropologist Jean Michaud to discuss the human societies inhabiting the lands above approximately in the southeastern portion of the Asian landmass, thus not merely in the uplands of conventional Mainland Southeast Asia.

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Southern, Eastern and Northern Buddhism

"Southern Buddhism", "Eastern Buddhism" and "Northern Buddhism" are geographical terms sometimes used to describe the styles of Buddhism practiced in Asia.

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Soyot

The Soyot people live mainly in the Oka region in the Okinsky District in the Republic of Buryatia, Russia.

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Spirit Rock Meditation Center

Spirit Rock Meditation Center, commonly called Spirit Rock, is a meditation center in Woodacre, California.

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Spiritual evolution

Spiritual evolution is the philosophical, theological, esoteric or spiritual idea that nature and human beings and/or human culture evolve: either extending from an established cosmological pattern (ascent), or in accordance with certain pre-established potentials.

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Spiritual warrior

The term spiritual warrior is used in Tibetan Buddhism for one who combats the universal enemy: self-ignorance (avidya), the ultimate source of suffering according to Buddhist philosophy.

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State Administration for Religious Affairs

The State Administration for Religious Affairs (SARA) was a functioning department under the State Council which oversaw religious affairs for the People's Republic of China.

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State of Buryat-Mongolia

The State of Buryat-Mongolia was a buffer Buryat-Mongolian state,Бабаков В. В., Бурнацком - Бурнардума: первый опыт национально-государственного строительства в Бурятии, Улан-Удэ, 1997 г. which existed during the Russian Civil War.

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State religion

A state religion (also called an established religion or official religion) is a religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state.

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State Religious Affairs Bureau Order No. 5

State Religious Affairs Bureau Order No.

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Stateless nation

A stateless nation is a political term for an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own stateDictionary Of Public Administration, U.C. Mandal, Sarup & Sons 2007, 505 p. and is not the majority population in any nation state.

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Stephen K. Hayes

Stephen K. Hayes (born September 9, 1949) is an American Ninja master, martial artist and writer.

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Steve Blamires

Steve Blamires (born 1955) is a researcher and historian in the field of Neopaganism, Celtic spirituality, and folklore, and the author of three books in these fields.

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Steven Seagal

Steven Frederic Seagal (born April 10, 1952) is an American actor, film producer, screenwriter, director, martial artist and musician.

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Steven Tainer

Steven A. Tainer (born July 26, 1947) is a respected scholar and instructor of contemplative traditions.

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Stupa

A stupa (Sanskrit: "heap") is a mound-like or hemispherical structure containing relics (śarīra - typically the remains of Buddhist monks or nuns) that is used as a place of meditation.

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Style (manner of address)

A style of office or honorific is an official or legally recognized title.

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Subtle body

A subtle body is one of a series of psycho-spiritual constituents of living beings, according to various esoteric, occult, and mystical teachings.

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Succession of the 14th Dalai Lama

The question of the succession of 14th Dalai Lama in a lineage of Dalai Lamas will be decided by Tibetan Buddhist hierarchs based on the doctrine of reincarnation.

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Suicide in Bhutan

Suicide in Bhutan in recent years has become a notable phenomenon in the small Himalayan kingdom, which promotes Gross National Happiness as a government policy.

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Sukhasiddhi

Sukhasiddhi was an Indian teacher of Vajrayana Buddhism and master of meditation.

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Sukhavati

Sukhāvatī, or the Western Paradise, refers to the western pure land of Amitābha in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Sukuh

Sukuh (Candi Sukuh) is a 15th-century Javanese-Hindu temple (candi) that is located on the western slope of Mount Lawu (elevation) on the border between Central and East Java provinces.

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Sultan Said Khan

Sultan Said Khan ruled the Yarkent Khanate (mamlakati Yarkand) from September, 1514, to July, 1533.

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Sunud

The Sunuds (Khalkha-Mongolian:Сөнөд/Sönöd; English:Sonid, Sönid) are a Southern Mongol subgroup.

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Sunwise

In Scottish folklore, sunwise, ‘’’deosil’’’ or sunward (clockwise) was considered the “prosperous course”, turning from east to west in the direction of the sun.

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Sur offering

A sur offering is a Tibetan Buddhist practice in which a mixture of flour, sweets and dairy products, sometimes with additional valuable or aromatic substances, is consecrated and placed in a fire or burned as incense.

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Surya Das

Surya Das (born Jeffrey Miller in 1950) is an American lama in the Tibetan Buddhist tradition.

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Svasaṃvedana

In Buddhist philosophy, Svasaṃvedana (also Svasaṃvitti) is a term which refers to the self-reflexive nature of consciousness.

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Sven Grünberg

Sven Grünberg (born 24 November 1956, Tallinn) is a Soviet and Estonian synthesizer and progressive rock composer and musician best known for his meditative organ and electronic works involving the concepts of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Swami Abhedananda

Swami Abhedananda (2 October 1866 – 8 September 1939), born Kaliprasad Chandra was a direct disciple of the 19th century mystic Ramakrishna Paramahansa and the founder of Ramakrishna Vedanta Math.

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Swayambhunath

Swayambhunath (Devanagari: स्वयम्भू स्तूप; स्वयंभू; sometimes Swayambu or Swoyambhu) is an ancient religious architecture atop a hill in the Kathmandu Valley, west of Kathmandu city.

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Tabo Monastery

Tabo Monastery (or Tabo Chos-Khor Monastery) is located in the Tabo village of Spiti Valley, Himachal Pradesh, northern India.

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Tagong

Tagong (塔公), also known as Lhagang (ལྷ་སྒང་) is a small town in Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of western Sichuan Province, in southwestern China.

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Tagtsepa

Tagtsepa Lhagyal Rabten (died 1720) was the regent of the Tibetan administration during the 3-year rule of the Dzungar Khanate in Tibet (1717–1720).

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Tai Situpa

Tai Situpa (from or "Great Preceptor") is one of the oldest lineages of tulkus (reincarnated lamas) in the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism According to tradition, the Tai Situpa is an emanation of Maitreya, the bodhisattva who will become the next Buddha and who has been incarnated as numerous Indian and Tibetan yogis since the time of the historical Buddha.

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Taijitu

A taijitu (w) is a symbol or diagram (图 tú) in Chinese philosophy representing Taiji (太极 tàijí "great pole" or "supreme ultimate") representing both its monist (wuji) and its dualist (yin and yang) aspects.

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Taklung Kagyu

The Taklung Kagyu is a sub-sect of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Taklung Tangpa

Taklung Tangpa is a Tibetan Buddhist title, referring back to the founding of the Taklung Kagyu 800 years ago.

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Taklung Thangpa Tashi Pal

Taklung Thangpa Tashi Pal (1142–1210) is the Founder of the Taklung Kagyu lineage.

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Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche

Taklung Tsetrul Rinpoche (1926 – 23 December 2015) was a Tibetan lama and the Supreme Head of the Nyingma School of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tamchinsky datsan

The Tamchinsky datsan (also called the Tamchinskii datsan or Gusinoozyorsk Datsan) is a Buddhist monastery founded in the mid-18th century in the village of Gusinoye Ozero, located on the south-western shore of Lake Gusinoye, Buryat Republic, Russia.

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Tampa, Florida

Tampa is a major city in, and the county seat of, Hillsborough County, Florida, United States.

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Tang Rimochen Lhakhang

Ta Rimochan or Ti Rimochen (Dzongkha;, Standard Tibetan Tang Rimochen) is a Buddhist monastery in Bhutan belonging to the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tannu Uriankhai

Tannu Uriankhai (Таңды Урянхай, Tangdy Uryankhai,; Тагна Урианхай, Tagna Urianhai; Урянхайский край, ' Urjanchajskij kraj) is a historic region of the Mongol Empire and, later, the Qing dynasty.

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Tantra techniques (Vajrayana)

Tantra techniques in Vajrayana Buddhism are techniques used to attain Buddhahood.

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Tapihritsa

Tapihritsa or Tapahritsa (c 7th ~ 8th century) was a Bon practitioner who achieved the Dzogchen mastery of the rainbow body and consequently, as a fully realised trikaya Buddha, is invoked as a iṣṭadevatā (yi dam) by Dzogchen practitioners in both Bon and Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tara (Buddhism)

Tara (तारा,; Tib. སྒྲོལ་མ, Dölma) or Ārya Tārā, also known as Jetsun Dölma (Tibetan language: rje btsun sgrol ma) in Tibetan Buddhism, is an important figure in Buddhism.

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Tara Institute

Tara Institute is a Tibetan Buddhist center located in the suburb of East Brighton in Melbourne which provides Buddhist teachings throughout the year.

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Tara Springett

Tara Springett (born on the 21/11/1960) is a Buddhist therapist, teacher and author of self-help books.

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Taranatha

Tāranātha (1575–1634) was a Lama of the Jonang school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Taranchi

Taranchi is a term denoting the Muslim sedentary population living in oases around the Tarim Basin in today's Xinjiang, whose native language is Turkic Karluk, and whose ancestral heritages include Iranian and Tocharian populations of Tarim and the later Turkic peoples such as the Uyghurs, Karluks, Yaghmas, Chigils, Basmyls and lastly, the Mongolic tribes of the Chagatai Khanate.

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Tarim Basin

The Tarim Basin is an endorheic basin in northwest China occupying an area of about.

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Tarthang Tulku

Tarthang Tulku (born 1934) is a Tibetan teacher (lama) who introduced the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism into the United States, where he works to preserve the art and culture of Tibet.

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Tashi Namgyal

Tashi Namgyal (Sikkimese:; Wylie: Bkra-shis Rnam-rgyal) (26 October 1893 – 2 December 1963) was the ruling Chogyal (King) of Sikkim from 1914 to 1963.

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Tashi Tsering (Jamyang Buddhist Centre)

Tashi Tsering (born 1958) has been the resident Tibetan Buddhist teacher at Jamyang Buddhist Centre, London, since 1994.

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Tashi Tsering (tibetologist)

Tashi Tsering also called Tashi Tsering Josayma, born in 1960, is a Tibetan tibetologist, historian and writer.

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Tashiding Monastery

Tashiding Monastery is a Buddhist monastery of the Nyingma sect of Tibetan Buddhism in Western Sikkim, northeastern India.

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Tathāgatagarbha sūtras

The Tathāgatagarbha sūtras are a group of Mahayana sutras that present the concept of the "womb" or "embryo" (garbha) of the tathāgata, the buddha.

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Tatsag

The Tatsag or Tatsak (Wylie: rTa-tshag) lineage is a Tibetan Buddhist reincarnation lineage whose first member was Baso Chokyi Gyaltsen (1402–73).

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Tattvasaṃgraha

There are two texts in Tibetan Buddhism that bear the name 'Tattvasaṃgraha'.

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Tawang district

Tawang district (Pron:/tɑ:ˈwæŋ or təˈwæŋ/) is the smallest of the 16 administrative districts of Arunachal Pradesh in northeastern India.

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Tawang Taktshang Monastery

Taktsang Monastery is a prominent Tibetan Buddhist sacred site and temple complex, located on the cliffside of the Tawang District in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh (not the same as Paro Taktsang monastery).

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Tövkhön Monastery

Tövkhön Monastery (Төвхөн хийд, Töwhön híd), one of Mongolia’s oldest Buddhist monasteries, is located on the border of Övörkhangai Province and Arkhangai Province in central Mongolia, approximately 47 kilometers southwest of Kharkhorin.

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Tümen Zasagt Khan

Tümen Zasagt Khan (Түмэн засагт хаан, Tümen zasagt xaan) was a 16th-century Mongol Khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty based in Mongolia who reigned from 1558 to 1592.

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Tüsheet Khan

Tüsheet Khan (Mongolian: Түшээт хаан) refers to the territory as well as the Chingizid dynastic rulers of the Tüsheet Khanate, one of four Khalkha Mongolian Khanates that emerged from remnants of the Mongol Empire after the death of Dayan Khan's son Gersenji in 1549 and which continued until 1930.

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Te-ongsi Sirijunga Xin Thebe

Te-ongsi Sirijunga Xin Thebe was an 18th-century Limbu scholar, educator, historian, linguist, leader, and philosopher of Limbuwan and Sikkim.

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Temple for Peace

The Temple for Peace (French: Temple pour la Paix) is a construction project of the congregation Vajradhara-Ling in Normandy to promote world peace.

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Temple of One Thousand Buddhas

The Temple of One Thousand Buddhas is a Tibetan Buddhist temple in the commune of La Boulaye, located in the French region of Burgundy.

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Templeton Prize

The Templeton Prize is an annual award presented by the Templeton Foundation.

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Tengboche Monastery

Tengboche Monastery (or Thyangboche Monastery), also known as Dawa Choling Gompa, in the Tengboche village in Khumjung in the Khumbu region of eastern Nepal is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Sherpa community.

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Tengrism

Tengrism, also known as Tengriism or Tengrianism, is a Central Asian religion characterized by shamanism, animism, totemism, poly- and monotheismMichael Fergus, Janar Jandosova,, Stacey International, 2003, p.91.

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Tenma goddesses

The Tenma goddesses are twelve guardian deities in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tenzin Bagdro

Tenzin Bagdro (born 1968) is a Tibetan Buddhist monk and former political prisoner who resides at Tashi Choeling Monastery in McLeod Ganj, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, India, home of the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government-in-exile.

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Tenzin Palmo

Jetsunma Tenzin Palmo (born 1943) is a bhikṣuṇī in the Drukpa Lineage of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tenzin Priyadarshi

Tenzin Priyadarshi is the president and CEO of the Dalai Lama Center for Ethics and Transformative Values at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Director of the Ethics Initiative at the MIT Media Lab.

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Tenzin Zopa

Geshe Tenzin Zopa (born 1975) is a Nepalese Tibetan Buddhist monk of the Mahayana tradition.

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Tergar Meditation Community

Tergar Meditation Community is a Buddhist meditation community led by Tibetan meditation master and best-selling author Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche.

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Terma (religion)

Terma ("hidden treasure") are various forms of hidden teachings that are key to Vajrayana or Tibetan Buddhist and Bon religious traditions. The belief is that these teachings were originally esoterically hidden by various adepts such as Padmasambhava and dakini such as Yeshe Tsogyal (consorts) during the 8th century, for future discovery at auspicious times by other adepts, who are known as tertöns. As such, terma represent a tradition of continuous revelation in Vajrayana or Tibetan Buddhism. Termas are a part of tantric literature.

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Terrorism in China

Terrorism in China refers to the use or threatened use of violence to affect political or ideological change in the People's Republic of China.

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Tertön

Tertön is a term within Tibetan Buddhism.

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Thakali people

The Thakali are an ethnolinguistic group originated from the Thak Khola region of the Mustang District in the Dhaulagiri zone of Nepal.

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Thang Tong Gyalpo

Thangtong Gyalpo (1385 CE–1464 CECyrus Stearns. King of the Empty Plain: The Tibetan Iron Bridge Builder Tangtong Gyalpo. (2007). Snow Lion Publications. p. 1. or 1361 CE–1485 CE), also known as Chakzampa, the "Iron Chain Maker", Tsöndrü Zangpo "Excellent Persistence", and the King of the Empty Plain.

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Thangka

A thangka, variously spelt as thangka, tangka, thanka, or tanka (Nepal Bhasa: पौभा), is a Tibetan Buddhist painting on cotton, silk appliqué, usually depicting a Buddhist deity, scene, or mandala.

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Tharchin Rinpoche

Lama Tharchin Rinpoche (1936–July 22, 2013) was a Tibetan Dzogchen master in the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tharlam Monastery

Tharlam Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Sakya sect in Boudhanath, Kathmandu, Nepal.

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Tharpa Choling Monastery

Gaden Tharpa Choling Monastery is a Gelugpa monastery situated at the hilltop in Kalimpong, India.

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The Accursed Share

The Accursed Share: An Essay on General Economy (La Part maudite) is a book about political economy by the French intellectual Georges Bataille.

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The Ah-Ha Phenomenon

The Ah-Ha Phenomenon is a radio drama, produced by the ZBS Foundation.

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The Dance of 17 Lives

The Dance of 17 Lives is a 2004 book by UK journalist and author Mick Brown.

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The Eight Garudhammas

The Eight Garudhammas (or "heavy rules") are additional precepts required of bhikkhunis (fully ordained Buddhist nuns) above and beyond the monastic rule (vinaya) that applied to monks.

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The Fourth Tower of Inverness

The Fourth Tower of Inverness is a 1972 radio drama, produced by the ZBS Foundation.

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The Golden Book of Springfield

The Golden Book of Springfield is a mystic, utopian book by American poet Vachel Lindsay.

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The Life of Orgyan Chokyi

The Life of Orgyan Chokyi is the namtar of Orgyan Chokyi, a Tibetan Buddhist nun who lived in Dolpo, a region in northwestern Nepal, from 1675 until 1729.

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The Mystery of the Yeti, Part 2

The Mystery of the Yeti, Part 2 is a downtempo, psychedelic trance concept album.

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The Path (TV series)

The Path is an American drama web television series created by Jessica Goldberg and starring Aaron Paul, Michelle Monaghan, and Hugh Dancy.

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The Perennial Philosophy

The Perennial Philosophy is a comparative study of mysticism by the British writer and novelist Aldous Huxley.

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The Tibet Center

The Tibet Center, also known as Kunkhyab Thardo Ling, in New York City, is a center for the study of Tibetan Buddhism, a dharma center.

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The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying

The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying, written by Sogyal Rinpoche in 1992, is a presentation of the teachings of Tibetan Buddhism based on the Tibetan Book of the Dead or Bardo Thodol.

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The Varieties of the Meditative Experience

The Varieties of the Meditative Experience is a 1977 book by American psychologist Daniel Goleman which was renamed The Meditative Mind in 1988.

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The World of Tibetan Buddhism

The World of Tibetan Buddhism is a 1995 book translated and edited by Geshe Thupten Jinpa, the Dalai Lama, in which he offers a clear and penetrating overview of Tibetan Buddhist practice from the Four Noble Truths to Highest Yoga Tantra.

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Theatre in Bangladesh

Theatre in Bangladesh is believed to have its origin in the 4th century AD in the form of Sanskrit drama.

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Thekchen Choling

*"Thekchen Choling" is also the name of the 14th Dalai Lama's monastery in Dharamsala (in the Kangra district of the state of Himachal Pradesh, India). Thekchen Choling is a registered Buddhist organisation in the Republic of Singapore.

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Thekchok Dorje, 14th Karmapa Lama

Thekchok Dorje (1798–1868), also Thegchog Dorje, was the fourteenth Gyalwa Karmapa, head of the Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Theodore Isaac Rubin

Theodore Isaac Rubin (born April 11, 1923) is an American psychiatrist and author.

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Theos Casimir Bernard

Theos Casimir Bernard (1908–1947) was an explorer, and author, known for his work on yoga and religious studies, particularly in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Thikse Monastery

Thiksay Gompa or Thiksay Monastery (also transliterated from Ladakhi as Tikse, Tiksey or Thiksey) is a gompa (monastery) affiliated with the Gelug sect of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Thinley Norbu

Kyabjé Dungse Thinley Norbu Rinpoche (Tib. གདུང་སྲས་ཕྲིན་ལས་ནོར་བུ་) was a major modern teacher in the Nyingma lineage of Tibetan Buddhism, and patron of the Vajrayana Foundation.

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Third Bardor Tulku Rinpoche

The Third Bardor Tulku Rinpoche is a Tibetan Buddhist teacher, a holder of the religious lineage of Terchen Barway Dorje.

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Thirty-five Confession Buddhas

The Thirty-Five Confession Buddhas are known from the Sutra of the Three Heaps (Sanskrit: Triskandhadharmasutra; Tib. phung po gsum pa'i mdo), popular in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tholing

Tholing (literally "high place"), Toling, Tuolin, or Toding, alternatively Zanda, Tsanda, Tsada, or Zada, is a town and seat of Zanda County, Ngari Prefecture, in the west of Tibet Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China.

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Tholung Monastery

Tholung Monastery is a gompa located in remote upper Dzongu, in the buffer zone of Khangchendzonga National Park.

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Thomas Merton

Thomas Merton (1915–1968) was a Catalan Trappist monk of American nationality.

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Thongdrel

A Thongdrel (alt. throngdrel) is a large appliqué religious image normally only unveiled during tsechus, the main religious festivals in Bhutan.

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Thongwa Dönden, 6th Karmapa Lama

Thongwa Dönden (1416–1453) or Tongwa Donden, was the sixth Karmapa, head of the Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Thrangu Monastery (Canada)

Thrangu Monastery, Canada’s first traditional Tibetan Buddhist monastery, was officially opened in Richmond, British Columbia, on July 25, 2010 by the Very Venerable Khenchen Thrangu Rinpoche, the worldwide leader of Thrangu Monasteries.

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Thrangu Rinpoche

Thrangu Rinpoche was born in 1933 in Kham, Tibet.

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Thrangu Tashi Yangtse Monastery, Nepal

The Thrangu Tashi Yangtse Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery about 40 km (by road) southeast of Nepal's capital city Kathmandu and 2.3km from Manegaun, a Tamang/Dalit village.

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Three Roots

The Three Roots (Tibetan: tsa sum) of the Tibetan Buddhist tradition are the lama (Sanskrit: guru), yidam (Sanskrit: ishtadevata) and protector, which may be a khandroma (Sanskrit: dakini) or chokyong (Sanskrit: dharmapala).

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Three Turnings of the Wheel of Dharma

The Three Turnings of the Wheel (of Dharma) refers to a framework for understanding the sutra stream of the teachings of the Buddhism originally devised by the Yogachara school.

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Three wise monkeys

The, sometimes called the three mystic apes, are a pictorial maxim.

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Thubten Chökyi Dorje, 5th Dzogchen Rinpoche

Thubten Chökyi Dorje (1872–1935) was the 5th Dzogchen Rinpoche of Tibet in the Nyingma sect of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Thubten Chodron

Thubten Chodron, born Cheryl Greene, is an American Tibetan Buddhist nun, author, teacher, and the founder and abbess of Sravasti Abbey, the only Tibetan Buddhist training monastery for Western nuns and monks in the United States.

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Thubten Dhargye Ling

The Thubten Dhargye Ling Buddhist Center in an American Tibetan Buddhist center founded by Geshe Gyeltsen in 1978.

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Thubten Gyatso (Australian monk)

Thubten Gyatso (born Adrian Feldmann) is an Australian monk and was ordained by Lama Thubten Yeshe in the 1970s and was one of the first Westerners to become a monk in the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Thubten Jigme Norbu

Thubten Jigme Norbu (August 16, 1922 – September 5, 2008), recognised as the Taktser Rinpoche, was a Tibetan lama, writer, civil rights activist and professor of Tibetan studies and is the eldest brother of the 14th Dalai Lama, Tenzin Gyatso.

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Thubten Künga

Thubten Künga (1886 – 1964) was a Tibetan religious leader, and the 96th Ganden Tripa, the spiritual head of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism between 1954 and 1964.

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Thubten Shedrup Ling

Thubten Shedrup Ling is the first Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Australia.

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Thubten Yeshe

Thubten Yeshe (1935–1984) was a Tibetan lama who, while exiled in Nepal, co-founded Kopan Monastery (1969) and the Foundation for the Preservation of the Mahayana Tradition (1975).

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Thunderbolt

A thunderbolt or lightning bolt is a symbolic representation of lightning when accompanied by a loud thunderclap.

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Thupten Phelgye

Geshe Thupten Phelgye (born 1956) is a Tibetan Buddhist lama who is known for promoting vegetarianism and humane treatment of animals, and for his work as a peace activist.

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Tibbetibaba

Tibbetibaba also known as Mahasadhak Tibbetibaba or Paramhamsa Tibbetibaba, alternative spellings Tibbatibaba, Tibbati Baba, Tibbeti Baba,Tibbotibaba or Tibboti Baba ("Tibetan Baba" or the Monk from Tibet, when translated into English.) born Nabin Chattopadhhyaya নবীন চট্টোপাধ্যায়;Mahasamadhi or death – 19 November 1930) was a famous Bengali philosopher, saint and yogi. He was one of the few saints in India whose life was an amalgamation of the Advaita Vedanta doctrine of Hinduism and Mahayana Buddhist doctrine. Tibbetibaba was a master of all the eight siddhis and supposedly had remarkable healing powers. Even though he was master of all the siddhis, he was not personally interested in using them.

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Tibet

Tibet is a historical region covering much of the Tibetan Plateau in Central Asia.

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Tibet (1912–1951)

The historical era of Tibet from 1912 to 1951 followed the collapse of the Qing dynasty in 1912, and lasted until the invasion of Tibet by the People's Republic of China.

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Tibet Autonomous Region

The Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR) or Xizang Autonomous Region, called Tibet or Xizang for short, is a province-level autonomous region of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

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Tibet Fund

The Tibet Fund is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization based in New York City, NY, United States.

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Tibet Institute Rikon

The Tibet Institute Rikon is a Tibetan monastery located in Zell-Rikon im Tösstal in the Töss Valley in Switzerland.

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Tibet under Yuan rule

Tibet under Yuan rule refers to the Yuan dynasty's rule over Tibet from approximately 1270 to 1354.

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Tibetan

Tibetan may mean.

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Tibetan Americans

Tibetan Americans are Americans of Tibetan ancestry.

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Tibetan art

For more than a thousand years, Tibetan artists have played a key role in the cultural life of Tibet.

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Tibetan autobiography

Tibetan autobiography, or, rangnam (Tibetan: ་་རང་རྣམ, ་Wylie: rang-rnam), is a form of autobiography native to Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tibetan Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism is the form of Buddhist doctrine and institutions named after the lands of Tibet, but also found in the regions surrounding the Himalayas and much of Central Asia.

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Tibetan Buddhist architecture

Tibetan Buddhist architecture, in the cultural regions of the Tibetan people, has been highly influenced by Nepal, China and India.

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Tibetan Buddhist canon

The Tibetan Buddhist canon is a loosely defined list of sacred texts recognized by various sects of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center

Tibetan Buddhist Resource Center (TBRC) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization dedicated to seeking out, preserving, organizing, and disseminating Tibetan Buddhist texts and Tibetan literature.

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Tibetan Buddhist wall paintings

Most Tibetan Buddhist monasteries, temples and other religious structures in the Himalayas were decorated with Tibetan Buddhist wall paintings.

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Tibetan cuisine

Tibetan cuisine includes the culinary traditions and practices of Tibet and its peoples, many of whom reside in India and Nepal.

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Tibetan culture

Tibet developed a distinct culture due to its geographic and climatic conditions.

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Tibetan dual system of government

The Dual System of Government is the traditional diarchal political system of Tibetan peoples whereby the Desi (temporal ruler) coexists with the spiritual authority of the realm, usually unified under a third single ruler.

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Tibetan Empire

The Tibetan Empire ("Great Tibet") existed from the 7th to 9th centuries AD when Tibet was unified as a large and powerful empire, and ruled an area considerably larger than the Tibetan Plateau, stretching to parts of East Asia, Central Asia and South Asia.

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Tibetan eye chart

The Tibetan eye chart is a tool allegedly developed by Tibetan monks.

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Tibetan horn

The Tibetan horn (dungchen;; mongol: Hiidiin buree) is a long trumpet or horn used in Tibetan Buddhist and Mongolian buddhist ceremonies.

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Tibetan independence movement

The Tibetan independence movement is a movement for the independence of Tibet and the political separation of Tibet from China.

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Tibetan Monasticism

Although there were many householder-yogis in Tibet, monasticism was the foundation of Buddhism in Tibet.

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Tibetan mythology

Tibetan mythology comprises the traditional and religious stories of Tibet both pre-Buddhist and Buddhist.

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Tibetan National Anthem

The current Tibetan National Anthem (བོད་རྒྱལ་ཁབ་ཆེན་པོའི་རྒྱལ་གླུ།, Bod Rgyal Khab Chen Po'i Rgyal Glu), known as Gyallu, was written by Trijang Rinpoche in 1950.

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Tibetan Nuns Project

The Tibetan Nuns Project is a non-profit organization dedicated to educating and supporting female Buddhist monastics in India from all Tibetan Buddhist lineages.

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Tibetan Parliament in Exile election, 1964

On February 20, 1964 the second parliamentary election for the Tibetan Parliament in Exile was held.

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Tibetan Parliament in Exile election, 1996

Elections for the 43 seats in the Tibetan Parliament in Exile were held on April 25, 1996.

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Tibetan people

The Tibetan people are an ethnic group native to Tibet.

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Tibetan prayer wheel

Prayer Wheels (Tibetan: mani ´khor lo) are widely used in Tibet and areas where Tibetan culture is predominant.

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Tibetan Spaniel

The Tibetan Spaniel is a breed of assertive, small, intelligent dogs originating over 2,500 years ago in the Himalayan mountains of Tibet.

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Tibetan tangka

The tangka (Tibetan: Tam or dngul Tam.

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Tibetan tsakli

Tsakli (also “tsakalis”) are Tibetan Buddhist miniature paintings, normally produced as thematic groups or sets, which are used in rituals as initiation cards, and in the training of monks.

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Tibetic languages

The Tibetic languages are a cluster of Sino-Tibetan languages descended from Old Tibetan, spoken across a wide area of eastern Central Asia bordering the Indian subcontinent, including the Tibetan Plateau and the Himalayas in Baltistan, Ladakh, Nepal, Sikkim, and Bhutan.

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Tibetology

Tibetology refers to the study of things related to Tibet, including its history, religion, language, politics and the collection of Tibetan articles of historical, cultural and religious significance.

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Tiger conservation

The tiger is an iconic species.

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Timeline of Buddhism

The purpose of this timeline is to give a detailed account of Buddhism from the birth of Gautama Buddha to the present.

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Timeline of religion

The timeline of religion is a chronological catalogue of important and noteworthy religious events in pre-historic and modern times.

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Timeline of the Mongol Empire

This is the timeline of the Mongol Empire from the birth of Temüjin, later Genghis Khan, to the end of the Yuan dynasty in 1368, though the title of Khagan continued to be used by the rulers of the Northern Yuan dynasty, a far less powerful successor entity, until 1634.

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Timeline of the Yuan dynasty

This is a timeline of the Yuan dynasty.

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Timeline of women in religion

This is a timeline of women in religion.

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Timeline of women's ordination

This is a timeline of women's ordination.

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Timothy Leary

Timothy Francis Leary (October 22, 1920 – May 31, 1996) was an American psychologist and writer known for advocating the exploration of the therapeutic potential of psychedelic drugs under controlled conditions.

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Tina Turner

Tina Turner (born Anna Mae Bullock; November 26, 1939) is an American-born Swiss singer-songwriter, dancer, actress, and author.

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Tintin in Tibet

Tintin in Tibet (Tintin au Tibet) is the twentieth volume of The Adventures of Tintin, the comics series by Belgian cartoonist Hergé.

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Togdan Rinpoche

Togdan Rinpoche (born in 1938) was enthroned as the leader of Drikung Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism for Ladakh in 1943 and serves today as the Head Lama for all Tibetan Buddhist Lineages in Ladakh.

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Toghon Temür

Toghon Temür (Тогоонтөмөр, Togoontömör; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), also known by the temple name Emperor Huizong bestowed by the Northern Yuan dynasty in Mongolia and by the posthumous name Shundi bestowed by the Hongwu Emperor of the Ming dynasty China, was a son of Khutughtu Khan Kusala who ruled as emperor of the Yuan dynasty.

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Tokyo subway sarin attack

The Tokyo subway sarin attack (was an act of domestic terrorism perpetrated on March 20, 1995, in Tokyo, Japan, by members of the cult movement Aum Shinrikyo. Aum Shinrikyo was a religious movement and doomsday cult led by Shoko Asahara. The group believed in a doctrine revolving around a syncretic mixture of Indian and Tibetan Buddhism, as well as Christian and Hindu beliefs, especially relating to the Hindu god Shiva. They believed that Armageddon is inevitable in the form of a global war involving the United States and Japan; that non-members were doomed to eternal hell, but that they could be saved if they were killed by cult members; and that only members of the cult would survive the apocalypse, and would afterwards build the Kingdom of Shambhala. The group had already carried out several assassinations and terrorist attacks using sarin, including the Matsumoto sarin attack nine months earlier. They had also produced several other nerve agents, including VX. The cult had attempted to produce botulinum toxin and had perpetrated several failed acts of bioterrorism. Asahara had been made aware of a police raid scheduled for March 22 and had planned the Tokyo subway attack in order to hinder police investigations into the cult and perhaps to spark the global apocalypse. In five coordinated attacks, the perpetrators released sarin on three lines of the Tokyo Metro (then part of the Tokyo subway) during rush hour, killing 12 people, severely injuring 50, and causing temporary vision problems for nearly 1,000 others. The attack was directed against trains passing through Kasumigaseki and Nagatachō, Tokyo, home of the Japanese government. In the raid following the attack, police arrested many senior members of the cult. Police activity continued throughout the summer, eventually arresting over 200 members, including Asahara himself. Thirteen of the senior Aum management have been sentenced to death, with many others given prison sentences up to life. The attack shocked the Japanese, who had widely thought their nation to be free from crime and unrest. It was the deadliest incident to occur in Japan since the end of World War II until the Myojo 56 building fire on September 1, 2001. The attack remains the deadliest terrorist incident in Japan, and Aum Shinrikyo remain the only group in Japan to have utilized biological and chemical weapons.

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Tomsk Oblast

Tomsk Oblast (То́мская о́бласть, Tomskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast).

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Tongkor Monastery

Tongkor Monastery (also known as Ganden Chokhorling and Dangar Gompa) is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery located in Zithang Town, Garzê County, Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan, China.

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Tonglen

Tonglen (or tonglen) is Tibetan for 'giving and taking' (or sending and receiving), and refers to a meditation practice found in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tongren County

Tongren County, known to Tibetans as Rebgong in the historic region of Amdo is the capital and second smallest administrative subdivision by area within Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai, China.

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Torghut

The Torghut (Mongolian: Торгууд/Torguud, "Guardsman" or "the Silks") are one of the four major subgroups of the Four Oirats.

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Torma

Torma (Skt: Balingta, Tib: Tor-ma, Wylie: gtor ma) are figures made mostly of flour and butter used in tantric rituals or as offerings in Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tourism in North East India

Northeast India consists of the eight states Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Sikkim and Tripura.

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Tozhu Tuvans

The Tozhu Tuvans, Tozhu Tuvinians, Todzhan Tuvans or Todzhinians (own name: Тугалар Tugalar or Тухалар Tukhalar; Russian Тувинцы-тоджинцы Tuvincy-todžincy, Тоджинцы Todžincy) are a Turkic subgroup of the Tuvans living in Todzhinsky District of Tuva Republic.

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Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche

Traleg Kyabgon Rinpoche (1955–2012) was the ninth incarnation of the Traleg tulku line, a line of high lamas in the Kagyu lineage of Vajrayana.

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Trance

Trance denotes any state of awareness or consciousness other than normal waking consciousness.

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Travellers and Magicians

Travellers and Magicians (ཆང་ཧུབ་ཐེངས་གཅིག་གི་འཁྲུལ་སྣང) is a 2003 Bhutanese Dzongkha language film written and directed by Khyentse Norbu, a reincarnate lama of Tibetan Buddhism, who is also known as Dzongsar Jamyang Khyentse Rinpoche.

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Tricycle: The Buddhist Review

Tricycle: The Buddhist Review is an independent, nonsectarian Buddhist quarterly that publishes Buddhist teachings, practices, and critique.

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Trilokinath Temple at Tunde

The Sri Trilokinath ji Temple is in a village of same name 6 km south of the left bank of the or Chenab River, and about 9 km from the village of Udaipur, in the Lahul and Spiti District of Himachal Pradesh, India.

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Trinley Thaye Dorje

Trinley Thaye Dorje (born 6 May 1983 in Lhasa) is a claimant to the title of 17th Karmapa.

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Triratna Buddhist Community

The Triratna Buddhist Community (formerly the Friends of the Western Buddhist Order (FWBO)) is an international fellowship of Buddhists, and others who aspire to its path of mindfulness, under the leadership of the Triratna Buddhist Order (formerly the Western Buddhist Order).

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Trisong Detsen

Trisong Detsen or Trisong Detsän was the son of Me Agtsom and the 38th emperor of Tibet.

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Trungram Gyalwa Rinpoche

Trungram Gyalwa Rinpoche (Trungram Gyaltrul Rinpoche) (born 1968) is the head of the Trungram lineage and one of the highest tulkus of the Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tsa Yig

The Tsa Yig is any monastic constitution or code of moral discipline based on codified Tibetan Buddhist precepts.

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Tsampa

Tsampa or Tsamba (साम्पा) is a Tibetan and Himalayan Nepalese staple foodstuff, particularly prominent in the central part of the region.

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Tsangnyön Heruka

Tsangnyön Heruka ("The Madman Heruka from Tsang", 1452-1507), was an author and a master of the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tsangpa

Tsangpa was a dynasty that dominated large parts of Tibet from 1565 to 1642.

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Tsangpa Gyare

The great ascetic Drogon Tsangpa Gyare (1161–1211) was the main disciple of Lingchen Repa Pema Dorje and the founder of the Drukpa Lineage of Tibetan Buddhism the main or central branch of which was, until the 17th Century, transmitted by his hereditary family lineage at Ralung in the Tsang region of western Tibet.

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Tsele Natsok Rangdröl

Tsele Natsok Rangdröl (1608-?) was an important master of the Kagyü and Nyingma schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tsem Tulku Rinpoche

Tsem Tulku Rinpoche (born October 24, 1965 in Taiwan) is a tulku, an incarnate lama of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism, and the founder and spiritual guide of the Kechara House Buddhist Association in Malaysia.

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Tseten Dorjee

Tseten Dorjee, (born 2 December 1960 in Tibet) is a Tibetan thangka painter.

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Tshechu

Tshechu (ཚེས་བཅུ།, literally "day ten") are annual religious Bhutanese festivals held in each district or dzongkhag of Bhutan on the tenth day of a month of the lunar Tibetan calendar.

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Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche

Tsikey Chokling Rinpoche is a teacher, writer, religious ritual master, and meditation master of the Nyingma school of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Tsoknyi Rinpoche

Tsoknyi Rinpoche (Wylie tshogs gnyis rin po che) or Ngawang Tsoknyi Gyatso (born 13 March 1966) is a Nepalese Tibetan Buddhist teacher and author, and the founder of the Pundarika Foundation.

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Tsozong Gongba Monastery

Tsozong Gongba Monastery (also romanized as Tsodzong or Tsomum) is a small Tibetan Buddhism monastery in eastern Tibet, China.

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Tsultrim Allione

Lama Tsultrim Allione is an author and teacher who has studied in Tibetan Buddhism's Karma Kagyu lineage.

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Tsurphu Monastery

Tsurphu Monastery (or Tölung Tsurphu ("Tsurphu of Tölong") is a gompa which serves as the traditional seat of the Karmapa, the head of the Karma Kagyu lineage of Tibetan Buddhism. It is located in Gurum in Doilungdêqên District, Tibet Autonomous Region, China, from Lhasa. The monastery is about above sea level. It was built in the middle of the valley facing south with high mountains surrounding the complex. Tsurphu is a complex with walls up to thick. The gompa, the traditional seat of the Karmapa lamas, is about up the Dowo Lung Valley on the north side of the river. The original walls of the main building were up to 4 meters thick and 300 meters on each side. The monks' residences were on the eastern side.

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Tubten Kunga Center

Thubten Kunga Ling Center (TKC), is a Buddhist Center in Deerfield Beach, Florida.

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Tulku

A tulku (also tülku, trulku) is a reincarnate custodian of a specific lineage of teachings in Tibetan Buddhism who is given empowerments and trained from a young age by students of his or her predecessor.

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Tulku (film)

Tulku is a 2009 documentary film, written and directed by Gesar Mukpo.

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Tulku (novel)

Tulku is a children's historical novel by Peter Dickinson, published by Gollancz in 1979.

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Tulku Dragpa Gyaltsen

Trülku Drakpa Gyeltsen (1619–1656) was an important Gelugpa lama and a contemporary of the 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682).

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Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche

Tulku Urgyen Rinpoche (1920 - February 13, 1996) (टुल्कु उर्ग्येन् रिन्पोचे) was a Buddhist master of the Kagyü and Nyingma lineages who lived at Nagi Gompa hermitage in Nepal.

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Tumed

The Tümed (Tumad, "The many or ten thousands" derived from Tumen) are a Mongol subgroup.

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Tummo

Tummo (Tibetan: gtum-mo; Sanskrit: caṇḍālī) means the fierce goddess of heat and passion in Tibetan Buddhist tradition.

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Turkic peoples

The Turkic peoples are a collection of ethno-linguistic groups of Central, Eastern, Northern and Western Asia as well as parts of Europe and North Africa.

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Turrell V. Wylie

Turrell Verl "Terry" Wylie (August 20, 1927 – August 25, 1984) was an American scholar, Tibetologist, sinologist, and professor, known as one of the 20th century's leading scholars of Tibet.

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Tutelary deity

A tutelary (also tutelar) is a deity or spirit who is a guardian, patron, or protector of a particular place, geographic feature, person, lineage, nation, culture, or occupation.

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Tuva

Tuva (Тува́) or Tyva (Тыва), officially the Tyva Republic (p; Тыва Республика, Tyva Respublika), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic, also defined in the Constitution of the Russian Federation as a state).

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Tuvan People's Republic

The Tuvan People's Republic (or People's Republic of Tannu Tuva; Тыва Арат Республик, Tıwa Arat Respublik, Tьva Arat Respuʙlik,; 1921–1944) was a partially recognized independent state in the territory of the former Tuvan protectorate of Imperial Russia also known as Uryankhaisky Krai (Урянхайский край).

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Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party

Tuvan People's Revolutionary Party (Mongolian.

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Tuvans

The Tuvans or Tuvinians (Тывалар, Tıvalar; Тува, Tuva) are an indigenous people of Siberia/Central Asia.

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Twelve Nidānas

The Twelve Nidānas (Pali: dvādasanidānāni, Sanskrit: dvādaśanidānāni, from dvāvaśa ("twelve") + nidānāni (plural of "nidāna", "cause, motivation, link")) is a doctrine of Buddhism where each link is asserted as a primary causal relationship between the connected links.

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Two truths doctrine

The Buddhist doctrine of the two truths differentiates between two levels of satya (Sanskrit), meaning truth or "really existing" in the discourse of the Buddha: the "conventional" or "provisional" truth, and the "ultimate" truth.

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Udana

The Udana (udāna) is a Buddhist scripture, part of the Pali Canon of Theravada Buddhism.

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Udanavarga

The Udnavarga is an early Buddhist collection of topically organized chapters (varga) of aphoristic verses or "utterances" (Sanskrit: udna) attributed to the Buddha and his disciples.

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Ulan-Ude

Ulan-Ude (p; Улаан Үдэ, Ulaan Üde) is the capital city of the Republic of Buryatia, Russia; it is located about southeast of Lake Baikal on the Uda River at its confluence with the Selenga.

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Umbrella

An umbrella or parasol is a folding canopy supported by wooden or metal ribs, which is usually mounted on a wooden, metal, or plastic pole.

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Universe

The Universe is all of space and time and their contents, including planets, stars, galaxies, and all other forms of matter and energy.

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Unmistaken Child

Unmistaken Child is a 2008 independent documentary film, which follows a Tibetan Buddhist monk's search for the reincarnation of his beloved teacher, a world-renowned lama.

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Upper Mongols

The Upper Mongols (Mongolian: Deed mongol Дээд монгол, Mongolian Script), also known as the Köke Nuur Mongols (Mongolian: Хөх нуурын Монгол, Mongolian Script:, "Blue lake Mongol") or Qinghai Mongols (Chinese: 青海蒙古) are ethnic Mongol people of Oirat and Khalkha origin who settled around Qinghai Lake in so-called Upper Mongolia.

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Urgyen Tsomo

Urgyen Tsomo (1897–1961) was a prominent Tibetan Buddhist female master who was known as the Great Dakini of Tsurphu (Tsurpu Khandro Chenmo).

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Uriankhai

Uriankhai (also written as "Uriyangkhai", "Urianhai", or "Uryangkhai") is a Mongolian term applied to several neighboring "forest" ethnic groups such as the Altai Uriankhai, Tuvans and Yakuts.

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Ushnishasitatapattra

Thousand-Armed Ushnishasitatapattra is a special form of the goddess Tara (Buddhism), a female form of the thousand-armed Avalokiteshvara.

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Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand, officially the State of Uttarakhand (Uttarākhaṇḍ Rājya), formerly known as Uttaranchal, is a state in the northern part of India.

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Uttarakhand Bhotiya

Uttarakhand Bhotiya are an ethno-linguistic group of people residing in the upper Himalayan valleys of the Kumaon and Garhwal divisions of Uttarakhand state, India and in Darchula district, Nepal.

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Uyghurs

The Uyghurs or Uygurs (as the standard romanisation in Chinese GB 3304-1991) are a Turkic ethnic group who live in East and Central Asia.

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Vajra

Vajra is a Sanskrit word meaning both thunderbolt and diamond.

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Vajra Enterprises

Vajra Enterprises, founded in 2001, is a publishing company which produces tabletop role-playing games.

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Vajradhara

Vajradhara (Sanskrit: वज्रधर. Also, the name of Indra, because 'Vajra' means diamond, as well as the thunderbolt, anything hard more generally) Tibetan: རྡོ་རྗེ་འཆང། rdo rje 'chang (Dorje Chang); Chinese: 金剛總持; Javanese: Kabajradharan; Japanese: 執金剛; English: Diamond-holder; Vietnamese: Kim Cang Tổng Trì) is the ultimate primordial Buddha, or Adi Buddha, according to the Gelug and Kagyu schools of Tibetan Buddhism. In the evolution of Indian Buddhism, Buddha Vajradhara gradually displaced Samantabhadra, who is the 'Primordial Buddha' in the Nyingma, or 'Ancient School.' However, the two are metaphysically equivalent. Achieving the 'state of Vajradhara' is synonymous with complete realisation. According to the Kagyu lineage, Buddha Vajradhara is the primordial Buddha, the Dharmakaya Buddha. He is depicted as dark blue in color, expressing the quintessence of buddhahood itself and representing the essence of the historical Buddha's realization of enlightenment. As such, Buddha Vajradhara is thought to be the supreme essence of all (male) Buddhas (his name means "Ruler of the Vajra Beings"); It is the Tantric form of Sakyamuni which is called Vajradhara. Tantras are texts specific to Tantrism and are believed to have been originally taught by the Tantric form of Sakyamuni called Buddha Vajradhara. He is an expression of Buddhahood itself in both single and yabyum form. Buddha Vajradhara is considered to be the prime Buddha of the Father tantras (tib.

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Vajradhara-Ling

Vajradhara-Ling is a center affiliated to the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism located in France in Normandy near the city of Lisieux.

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Vajradhatu

Vajradhatu was the name of the umbrella organization of Chögyam Trungpa Rinpoche, one of the first Tibetan Buddhist lamas to visit and teach in the West.

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Vajrakilaya

Vajrakilaya (or Vajrakila or Vajrakumara) is a yidam/heruka in the Nyingma, Sakya, Kagyu, and Jonang lineages of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Vajrapani

(Sanskrit: "Vajra in hand") is one of the earliest-appearing bodhisattvas in Mahayana Buddhism.

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Vajrasattva

Vajrasattva (Sanskrit: वज्रसत्त्व, Tibetan: རྡོ་རྗེ་སེམས་དཔའ། Dorje Sempa, short form is རྡོར་སེམས། Dorsem, Монгол: Доржсэмбэ) is a bodhisattva in the Mahayana, Mantrayana/Vajrayana Buddhist traditions.

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Vajravārāhī

In Tibetan Buddhism, Vajravārāhī ("The Diamond Sow", Dorje Pakmo) is a wrathful form of Vajrayogini associated particularly with the Cakrasaṃvara Tantra, where she is paired in yab-yum with the Heruka Cakrasaṃvara.

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Vajrayana

Vajrayāna, Mantrayāna, Tantrayāna, Tantric Buddhism and Esoteric Buddhism are the various Buddhist traditions of Tantra and "Secret Mantra", which developed in medieval India and spread to Tibet and East Asia.

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Vajrayogini

Vajrayoginī (Vajrayoginī;, Dorjé Neljorma; Огторгуйд Одогч, Нархажид) is a Tantric Buddhist female Buddha and a. Vajrayoginī's essence is "great passion" (maharaga), a transcendent passion that is free of selfishness and illusion, and intensely works for the well-being of others and for the destruction of ego clinging.

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Vassa

Vassa (script, script, both "rain") is the three-month annual retreat observed by Theravada practitioners.

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Vasudhara

Vasudhārā, whose name means "stream of gems" in Sanskrit, is the Buddhist bodhisattva of wealth, prosperity, and abundance.

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Veneration

Veneration (Latin veneratio or dulia, Greek δουλεία, douleia), or veneration of saints, is the act of honoring a saint, a person who has been identified as having a high degree of sanctity or holiness.

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Very Short Introductions

Very Short Introductions (VSI) are a book series published by the Oxford University Press (OUP).

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Vicki Mackenzie

Vicki Mackenzie (born 1947), an author and journalist, was born in England and spent much of her early life in Australia.

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Victor Skumin

Victor Andreevich Skumin (p, born 30 August 1948) is a Russian and Soviet scientist, psychiatrist, psychotherapist and psychologist.

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Vidette Lake

Vidette Lake is a small lake in the Deadman River Valley of the Thompson Country in the Interior of British Columbia, Canada.

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Vidette, British Columbia

Vidette is an unincorporated locality in the Deadman River Valley in the Thompson-Bonaparte Country region of the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada.

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Vidhyeshvari Vajra Yogini Temple

The Vidhyeshvari Vajra Yogini Temple - also known as the Bijeśvarī Vajrayoginī, Bidjeshwori Bajra Jogini, Bijayaswar, Bidjeswori, or Visyasvari Temple - is a Newar Buddhist temple in the Kathmandu valley dedicated to the Vajrayāna Buddhist deity Vajrayoginī (or Bajra Jogini in the Newar language) in her form as Akash Yogini.

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Vienna Central Cemetery

The Vienna Central Cemetery (Wiener Zentralfriedhof) is one of the largest cemeteries in the world by number of interred, and is the most famous cemetery among Vienna's nearly 50 cemeteries.

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Vimalaprabha

Vimalaprabha is a Sanskrit word that means "Stainless Light Commentary", or 'Dri-med ‘od' in Tibetan.

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Vinaya

The Vinaya (Pali and Sanskrit, literally meaning "leading out", "education", "discipline") is the regulatory framework for the sangha or monastic community of Buddhism based on the canonical texts called the Vinaya Pitaka.

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Vipassanā

Vipassanā (Pāli) or vipaśyanā (विपश्यन) in the Buddhist tradition means insight into the true nature of reality.

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Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion

Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion is a 2014 book by Sam Harris.

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Walter Evans-Wentz

Walter Yeeling Evans-Wentz (February 2, 1878 – July 17, 1965) was an American anthropologist and writer who was a pioneer in the study of Tibetan Buddhism, and in transmission of Tibetan Buddhism to the Western world, most known for publishing an early English translation of The Tibetan Book of the Dead in 1927.

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Walung people

The Walung people (also Walungpa) are the indigenous inhabitants of the region around Olangchung Gola.

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Wangchuk Dorje, 9th Karmapa Lama

Wangchuk Dorje (1556–1603) was the ninth Gyalwa Karmapa, head of the Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism.

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War of the Worlds (2005 film)

War of the Worlds is a 2005 American science fiction horror film directed by Steven Spielberg and written by Josh Friedman and David Koepp, loosely based on the novel of the same title by H. G. Wells.

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Wenshu Temple (Mount Wutai)

Wenshu Temple, also known as Guang'an Temple is a Buddhist temple located at the foot of Mount Wutai, in Taihuai Town of Wutai County, Shanxi, China.

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West Kameng district

West Kameng (pronounced) is a district of Arunachal Pradesh in northeastern India.

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West Siang district

West Siang (Pron:/ˈsjæŋ or ˈsɪæŋ/) is an administrative district in the state of Arunachal Pradesh in India.

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Western Colorado Center for the Arts

The Western Colorado Center for the Arts, also known as The Art Center, is located at 1803 North Seventh Street in Grand Junction, Colorado.

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Wheel of time

The Wheel of time or wheel of history (also known as Kalachakra) is a concept found in several religious traditions and philosophies, notably religions of Indian origin such as Hinduism, Sikhism, and Buddhism, which regard time as cyclical and consisting of repeating ages.

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Wheel of Time (film)

Wheel of Time is a 2003 documentary film by German director Werner Herzog about Tibetan Buddhism.

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White

White is the lightest color and is achromatic (having no hue), because it fully reflects and scatters all the visible wavelengths of light.

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Wild China

Wild China is a six-part nature documentary series on the natural history of China, co-produced by the BBC Natural History Unit and China Central Television (CCTV) and filmed in high-definition (HD).

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Wind Horse

The wind horse is a symbol of the human soul in the shamanistic tradition of East Asia and Central Asia.

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Windom Earle

Windom Earle is a fictional character in the American TV series Twin Peaks, played by Kenneth Welsh.

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Wisdom King

In Vajrayana Buddhism, a Wisdom King (Sanskrit Vidyārāja) is the third type of deity after buddhas and Bodhisattvas.

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Witch doctor

A witch doctor was originally a type of healer who treated ailments believed to be caused by witchcraft.

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Women in Buddhism

Women in Buddhism is a topic that can be approached from varied perspectives including those of theology, history, anthropology and feminism.

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Woncheuk

Woncheuk (613–696) was a Korean Buddhist monk who did most of his writing in China, though his legacy was transmitted by a disciple to Silla.

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World Tibet News

World Tibet News (WTN) as well as World Tibet Network News, is a website created in 1992 by Thubten Samdup and the NGO Canada Tibet Committee.

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World Wisdom

World Wisdom is an independent American publishing company established in 1980 in Bloomington, Indiana.

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Wubong

Wu Bong, born Jacob Perl, was a Zen master in the Kwan Um School of Zen.

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Wusutu Zhao Monastery

Wusuto Zhao is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in the city of Hohhot in Inner Mongolia in northern China.

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Wutun language

The Wutun language is a Chinese–Tibetan–Mongolian creolized language.

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Xi'an

Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province, China.

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Xiahe County

Xiahe is a county in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gansu province, the People's Republic of China.

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Xihuang Temple

Xihuang Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.

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Xilitu Zhao

The Xilitu Zhao (when written in Chinese-character Buddhist syllabary 席力圖召), also known as Shiretu Juu or by formal Chinese name Yanshou Temple (延壽寺) is an ancient Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Gelugpa sect in Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia, China.

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Xinjiang

Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى; SASM/GNC: Xinjang Uyĝur Aptonom Rayoni; p) is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country.

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Xita (Shenyang)

West Pagoda is a Tibetan Buddhist temple located in Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, People's Republic of China.

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Yab-Yum

Yab-yum (Tibetan literally, "father-mother") is a common symbol in the Buddhist art of India, Bhutan, Nepal, and Tibet.

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Yama (Buddhism)

In East Asian and Buddhist mythology, Yama (sometimes known as the King of Hell, King Yan or Yanluo) is a dharmapala (wrathful god) said to judge the dead and preside over the Narakas ("Hells" or "Purgatories") and the cycle of afterlife saṃsāra.

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Yamantaka

Yamāntaka (यमान्तक Yamāntaka or Vajrabhairava; 대위덕명왕 DaeWiDeokMyeongWang; 大威徳明王 Daitokumyōō;; Эрлэгийн Жаргагчи Erlig-jin Jarghagchi) is the "lord of death" deity of Vajrayana Buddhism.

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Yana (Buddhism)

Yāna (Sanskrit and Pāli: "vehicle") refers to a mode or method of spiritual practice in Buddhism, and in particular to divisions of various schools of Buddhism according to their type of practice.

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Yanfu Temple (Alxa League)

Yanfu Temple, more commonly known as Prince Temple, is a Buddhist temple located in Alxa Left Banner, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia China.

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Yangpachen Monastery

Yangpachen Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Yangpachen (Tibetan: yangs pa can; Thub btsan yangs pa can), in the Lhasa Prefecture of Tibet.

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Yarchen Gar

Yarchen Gar, officially known as the Yaqên Orgyän Temple, is located in Baiyü County (a.k.a. Pelyul County), Garzê Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in Sichuan province, China.

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Ye Xiaowen

Ye Xiaowen (born August 1950) is a Chinese politician who held various top posts relating to state regulation of religion in China from 1995 to 2009.

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Yellow shamanism

Yellow shamanism is the term used to designate a particular version of shamanism practiced in Mongolia and Siberia which incorporates rituals and traditions from Buddhism.

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Yeshe Choesang

Yeshe Choesang is a India-based Tibetan journalist, photographer and author who focuses on politics, Freedom of press, business, human rights and environmental issues in Tibet and China.

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Yeshe Dorje, 11th Karmapa

Yeshe Dorje (1676–1702) was the eleventh Gyalwa Karmapa, head of the Kagyu School of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Yeshe Lobsang Tenpai Gonpo

Yeshe Lobsang Tenpai Gonpo (Wylie: ye shes blo bzang bstan pa'i mgon po; 1760 – 30 December 1810) was the 8th Tatsag (rta tshag), a Tibetan reincarnation lineage.

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Yeshe Losal

Lama Yeshe Losal Rinpoche is a lama in the Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism and abbot of the Kagyu Samye Ling Monastery and Tibetan Centre, Scotland, the first and largest of its kind in the West.

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Yeshe Tsogyal

Yeshe Tsogyal (also known as "Victorious Ocean of Wisdom", "Wisdom Lake Queen" (or by her Sanskrit name Jñānasāgara "Wisdom Ocean"; or by her clan name of Lady Kharchen), (757–817CE) was the Mother of Tibetan Buddhism. Her main karmamudrā consort was Padmasambhava, a founder-figure of the Nyingma tradition of Tibetan Buddhism. She is known to have revealed terma with Padmasambhava and was also the main scribe for these terma. Later, Yeshe Tsogyal also hid many of Padmasambhava's terma on her own, under the instructions of Padmasambhava for future generations. Born a princess in the region of Kharchen, Tibet, in about 777CE, she lived for approximately 99 years and is a preeminent figure in Tibetan Buddhism and a role model for contemporary spiritual practitioners. Although often referred to as being Padamasambhava's main consort, she was primarily a spiritual master and teacher in her own right. Based on her spiritual accomplishments, the Nyingma and Karma Kagyu schools of Tibetan Buddhism recognize Yeshe Tsogyal as a female Buddha. The translators of Lady of the Lotus-Born, the namtar, or spiritual biography, that Yeshe Tsogyal left as a terma, observe.

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Yeshe-Ö

Yeshe-Ö (c. 959–1040) (birth name, Khor-re; spiritual names: Jangchub Yeshe-Ö, Byang Chub Ye shes' Od, Lha Bla Ma, Hla Lama Yeshe O, Lalama Yixiwo, bKra shis mgon; also Dharmaraja, meaning Noble King) was the first notable lama-king in Tibet.

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Yeunten Ling

Yeunten Ling is a Tibetan Buddhist institute in Huy in the province of Liège in Belgium.

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Yi people

The Yi or Nuosuo people (historically known as Lolo) are an ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand.

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Yidam

Yidam is a type of deity associated with tantric or Vajrayana Buddhism said to be manifestations of Buddhahood or enlightened mind.

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Yihun Lhatso

Yihun Lhatso, also transliterated from Tibetan as Yilung Latsho, is a glacial lake in the Tibetan area of western Sichuan Province, China.

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Yogachara

Yogachara (IAST:; literally "yoga practice"; "one whose practice is yoga") is an influential school of Buddhist philosophy and psychology emphasizing phenomenology and ontology through the interior lens of meditative and yogic practices.

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Yogambara

Yogambara (Tibetan: nam khai nal jor), is a tutelary deity in Tibetan Buddhism belonging to the Wisdom-mother class of the Anuttarayoga tantra.

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Yogatantra

The 'Yogatantra' (Sanskrit) 'conveyance' (Sanskrit: yana) is the most sublime of the three Outer Tantras.

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Yogatattva Upanishad

The Yogatattva Upanishad (Sanskrit: योगतत्त्व उपनिषत्, IAST: Yogatattva Upaniṣhad), also called as Yogatattvopanishad (योगतत्त्वोपनिषत्), is one of the minor Upanishads of Hinduism.

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Yolmo people

The Yolmo people are an indigenous people of the Eastern Himalayan Region in Nepal.

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Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche

Yongey Mingyur Rinpoche (born 1975) is a Tibetan teacher and master of the Karma Kagyu and Nyingma lineages of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Yonghe Temple

The Yonghe Temple ("Palace of Peace and Harmony"), also known as the Yonghe Lamasery, or popularly as the Lama Temple, is a temple and monastery of the Gelug school of Tibetan Buddhism located in Dongcheng District, Beijing, China.

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Yongle Emperor

The Yongle Emperor (Yung-lo in Wade–Giles; 2 May 1360 – 12 August 1424) — personal name Zhu Di (WG: Chu Ti) — was the third emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, reigning from 1402 to 1424.

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Yuan dynasty

The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Yehe Yuan Ulus), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan.

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Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia

The Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia was the domination of the Yuan dynasty in Inner Asia in the 13th and the 14th centuries.

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Yuanzhao Temple

Yuanzhao Temple is a Buddhist temple located in Taihuai Town of Wutai County, Xinzhou, Shanxi, China.

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Yugur

The Yugurs, or Yellow Uyghurs, as they are traditionally known, are a Turkic and Mongolicgroup and one of China's 56 officially recognized nationalities, consisting of 13,719 persons according to the 2000 census.

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Yuksom

Yuksom is a historical town in Geyzing subdivision of West Sikkim district in the Northeast Indian state of Sikkim.

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Yumo Mikyo Dorje

Yumo Mikyö Dorjé was a student of the Kashmiri scholar Somanātha and an 11th-century Kalachakra master.

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Yungchen Lhamo

Yungchen Lhamo is a Tibetan singer-songwriter living in New York City.

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Yunli

Yunli (24 March 1697 – 21 March 1738), born Yinli, formally known as Prince Guo, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty.

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Yunnan

Yunnan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the far southwest of the country.

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Zakhchin

The Zakhchin (Захчин) is a subgroup of the Oirats residing in Khovd Province, Mongolia.

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Zanabazar

Öndör Gegeen Zanabazar, born Eshidorji, was the sixteenth Jebtsundamba Khutuktu and the first Bogd Gegeen, or supreme spiritual authority, of the Gelugpa (Yellow Hat) lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Outer Mongolia. The son of a Mongol Tüsheet Khan, Zanabazar was declared spiritual leader of Khalkha Mongols by a convocation of nobles in 1639 when he was just four years old. The 5th Dalai Lama (1617–1682) later recognized him as the reincarnation of the Buddhist scholar Taranatha and bestowed on him the Sanskrit name Jñānavajra (Sanskrit: ज्ञानवज्र, Zanabazar in Mongolian) meaning "thunderbolt scepter of wisdom". Over the course of nearly 60 years, Zanabazar advanced the Gelugpa school of Buddhism among the Mongols, supplanting or synthesizing Sakya or "Red Hat" Buddhist traditions that had prevailed in the area, while strongly influencing social and political developments in 17th century Mongolia. His close ties with both Khalka Mongol leaders and the devout Kangxi Emperor facilitated the Khalkha's submission to Qing rule in 1691. In addition to his spiritual and political roles, Zanabazar was a polymath – a prodigious sculptor, painter, architect, poet, costume designer, scholar, and linguist, who is credited with launching Mongolia's seventeenth century cultural renaissance. He is best known for his intricate and elegant Buddhist sculptures created in the Nepali-derived style, two of the most famous being the White Tara and Varajradhara, sculpted in the 1680s. To aid translation of sacred Tibetan texts, he created the Soyombo script from which sprang the Soyombo that later became a national symbol of Mongolia. Zanabazar used his artistic output to promote Buddhism among all levels of Khalkha society and unify Khalkha Mongol tribes during a time of social and political turmoil.

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Zanabazar junior

Zanabazar is an extinct genus of troodontid theropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia.

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Zang Dhok Palri Phodang

Zang Dhok Palri Phodang is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Kalimpong in West Bengal, India.

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Zaya Pandita

Zaya Pandita or Namkhaijamts (1599–1662) was a Buddhist missionary priest and scholar of Oirat origin who is the most prominent Oirat Buddhist scholar.

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Zeena Schreck

Zeena Schreck (born Zeena Galatea LaVey, November 19, 1963), known professionally by her mononymous artist name ZEENA, is a Berlin-based American visual and musical artist, author and the spiritual leader of the Sethian Liberation Movement (SLM), which she founded in 2002.

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Zekhring people

The Zekhring are from the Anjaw District (formerly part of Lohit district) of Arunachal Pradesh.

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Zen Center of Syracuse

The Zen Center of Syracuse (or, Syracuse Zen Center), temple name Hoen-ji, is a Rinzai Zen Buddhist practice center in Syracuse, New York, one of the oldest continuously running Zen centers in the United States.

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Zen yoga

Zen yoga refers to a variety of physical and energetic practices that can be found within the Zen Buddhist tradition, and increasingly taught in the West.

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Zhabdrung Rinpoche

Zhabdrung (also Shabdrung;; "before the feet of") was a title used when referring to or addressing great lamas in Tibet, particularly those who held a hereditary lineage.

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Zhang Yudrakpa Tsöndru Drakpa

Zhang Yudrakpa Tsöndru Drakpa (1122–93) (zhang g.yu brag pa brtson 'gru brags pa), also known as Gungtang Lama Zhang (gung-thang bla-ma zhang) and often simply as “Lama Zhang,” was the founder of the Tshalpa Kagyu sect of Tibetan Buddhism.

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Zhangzhung

Zhangzhung or Shangshung was an ancient culture and kingdom of western and northwestern Tibet, which pre-dates the culture of Tibetan Buddhism in Tibet.

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Zhaxiqoilang Monastery

Zhaxiqoilang Monastery is a Tibetan Buddhist monastery of the Jonang sect in the Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai province, China.

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Zhenjin

Zhenjin (1243 – January 5, 1286), also Jingim, Chinkim, or Chingkim (Чингим/Chingim), was the second son of Kublai Khan, founder of the Yuan dynasty.

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Zhitro

In Tibetan Buddhism and Bön, Zhitro (ཞི་ཁྲོ) is the name referring to a cycle or mandala of 100 peaceful (zhi) and wrathful (khro) tantric deities and of a genre of scriptures and associated tantric practices which focus on those deities which represent the purified elements of the body and mind.

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Zhuang Xueben

Zhuang Xueben (1909–1984) was one of China’s first ethnographic photographers.

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Zina Rachevsky

Zina Rachevsky, also Zenaïde Rachewski or Zina Rachewsky (Зинаида Владимировна Рашевская; 1 September 1930 – 20 August 1973) was a French-American of Russian origin who was a socialite, film actress, and Gelug Tibetan Buddhist nun.

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Ziziphus budhensis

Ziziphus budhensis is a species of plant in the Rhamnaceae family endemic to the Timal region of Kavreplanchok in Central Nepal.

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Zorba Paster

Robert Zorba Paster is a physician and radio show host.

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Zuni Mountain Stupa

Zuni Mountain Stupa is a Tibetan Buddhist temple of the Nyingma school in the Zuni Mountains in Grants, New Mexico, consecrated in 2009.

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1012

Year in topic Year 1012 (MXII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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108 (number)

108 (one hundred eight) is the natural number following 107 and preceding 109.

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11th century

The 11th century is the period from 1001 to 1100 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Common Era, and the 1st century of the 2nd millennium.

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11th Panchen Lama controversy

The 11th Panchen Lama controversy is a dispute about the current legitimate holder of the Panchen Lama title, a political and religious leadership position in Tibet and Tibetan Buddhism.

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12th Gyalwang Drukpa

The Twelfth Gyalwang Drukpa, Jigme Pema Wangchen (born 1963), is the head of the Drukpa Lineage school, which is one of the independent Sarma (new) schools of Tibetan Buddhism.

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13th Dalai Lama

Thubten Gyatso (shortened from Ngawang Lobsang Thupten Gyatso Jigdral Chokley Namgyal;; 12 February 1876 – 17 December 1933) was the 13th Dalai Lama of Tibet.

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1407

Year 1407 (MCDVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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14th Dalai Lama

The 14th Dalai Lama (religious name: Tenzin Gyatso, shortened from Jetsun Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso; born Lhamo Thondup, 6 July 1935) is the current Dalai Lama.

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1757

No description.

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1904 in Germany

Events in the year 1904 in Germany.

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1905 Tibetan Rebellion

The Tibetan rebellion of 1905 in Yunnan province began with a series of attacks on Christian missionaries and converts and ended with the imperial Chinese government re-asserting control of the province.

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1929 Tuvan coup d'état

The 1929 Tuvan coup d'état took place in the Tuvan People's Republic.

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1st Dalai Lama

Gedun Drupa (1391–1474) was considered posthumously to be the 1st Dalai Lama.

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2008 Sichuan riots

In Sichuan province, in an area incorporating the traditional Tibetan areas Kham and Amdo, Tibetan monks and police clashed in riots on 16 March in Ngawa county after the monks staged a protest.

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2008 Tibetan unrest

The 2008 Tibetan unrest, also referred to as the 3-14 Riots in Chinese media, was a series of riots, protests, and demonstrations that started in the Tibetan regional capital of Lhasa.

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2012 (film)

2012 is a 2009 American epic science fiction disaster film directed by Roland Emmerich and starring John Cusack, Chiwetel Ejiofor, Amanda Peet, Oliver Platt, Thandie Newton, Danny Glover and Woody Harrelson.

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2nd Dalai Lama

Gedun Gyatso, also Gendun Gyatso Palzangpo ("Sublimely Glorious Ocean of Spiritual Aspirants", layname: Yonten Phuntsok; 1475–1542) was considered posthumously to be the second Dalai Lama.

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2nd Jebtsundamba Khutughtu

The 2nd Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (1724-1757), was the second incarnation of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the spiritual heads of the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Outer Mongolia.

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3rd Dalai Lama

Sonam Gyatso (1543–1588) was the first to be named Dalai Lama, although the title was retrospectively given to his two predecessors.

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3rd Jebtsundamba Khutughtu

The 3rd Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (1758-1773), was the third incarnation of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the spiritual heads of the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Outer Mongolia.

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5th Dalai Lama

Ngawang Lobsang Gyatso (1617 to 1682) was the Fifth Dalai Lama, and the first Dalai Lama to wield effective temporal and spiritual power over all Tibet.

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6th Dalai Lama

Tsangyang Gyatso (1March 168315November 1706) was the sixth Dalai Lama.

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6th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu

The 6th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (1842–1848), was the sixth incarnation of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the spiritual heads of the Gelug lineage of Tibetan Buddhism in Mongolia, and the fourth of Tibetan descent.

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755

Year 755 (DCCLV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

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8th Arjia Rinpoche

8th Agya Hotogtu (Lobsang Tubten Jigme Gyatso) (Amdo Tibetan, born 1950) is one of the most prominent Buddhist teachers and lamas to have left Tibet.

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9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu

The 9th Jebtsundamba Khutughtu (January 6, 1933 – March 1, 2012) was the 9th reincarnation of the Jebtsundamba Khutuktu, the third highest lama in the Tibetan Buddhism hierarchy and the spiritual leader of the Gelug lineage among the Khalkha Mongols.

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Buddhism in Tibet, Four Tenets system, Four tenets system, Grand Lamaism, Indo-Tibetan philosophy, Lama Buddhism, Lamaism, Lamaist, Schools of Tibetan Buddhism, Tibet Buddhism, Tibetan Buddhist, Tibetan Buddhists, Tibetan Buddism, Tibetan Lamaism, Tibetan buddhism, Tibetan buddism, Tibetan monk, Tibetan monks, Yellow Buddhism.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism