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274 relations: ACE inhibitor, Activin and inhibin, Activin type 2 receptors, ACVR1, ACVR1B, ACVR1C, ACVR2A, ACVR2B, Adipose tissue macrophages, Adult stem cell, Alloimmunity, Angiogenesis, Angiogenesis inhibitor, Animal, Anita Roberts, Anosmin-1, Anti inflammatory agents in breast milk, Anti-Müllerian hormone, AP-1 transcription factor, Apigenin, Artemin, Artificial cartilage, Astrogliosis, Autoimmunity, BAMBI, Beta-catenin, Biliary atresia, Biochemical cascade, Biological functions of nitric oxide, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, Blood cell, BMPR1A, Bone growth factor, Bone morphogenetic protein 1, Bone morphogenetic protein 10, Bone morphogenetic protein 15, Bone morphogenetic protein 3, Bone morphogenetic protein 4, Bone morphogenetic protein 5, Bone morphogenetic protein 6, Bone morphogenetic protein 8A, Bone morphogenetic protein 8B, Breast development, Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome, Cancer stem cell, Carl F. Nathan, Carlos Arteaga, CD-NP, CD135, CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity, ..., CD69, CDKN2B, Cell cycle, Ceramide synthase 1, Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, CFC domain, Chemorepulsion, Chordin, Chronic active EBV infection, CHUK, Co-receptor, Coiled-Coil Domain Containing Protein – 25, Colorectal cancer, Corneal keratocyte, CTGF, Cytotrophoblast, Death-associated protein 6, Decorin, Deleted in Colorectal Cancer, Dengue fever, Dermatopontin, Development of the nervous system, Diabetic nephropathy, DLX1, Ectoderm, Ectoderm specification, EID2, Embryoid body, Endoglin, Enhancer (genetics), Eosinophil, Epigenetics of autism, Epithelial–mesenchymal transition, Fasciclin domain, FGF and mesoderm formation, Fibrin scaffold, Fibrocystic breast changes, Fibrosis, Fibrothorax, Fiona Powrie, FOXP3, French flag model, Fresolimumab, Fuzzy complex, Galunisertib, Gaseous signaling molecules, GDF2, Gene silencing, Gingival enlargement, GJA1, Gliosis, Granzyme, Growth factor, Harold L. Moses, Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, HHV Latency Associated Transcript, Hypertrophic scar, I-SMAD, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IGFBP3, Immune privilege, Immune system, Immune tolerance, Immunoglobulin A, Immunologic activation, Index of biochemistry articles, Induced stem cells, Infectious tolerance, Inflammation, Integrin, Integrin alpha V, Interleukin 17, Interleukin 4, Interleukin 9, Invadopodia, Inversion (evolutionary biology), Joan Massagué, Juice Plus, Keratinocyte, KLF14, KLF15, Latent TGF-beta binding protein, LDL-receptor-related protein-associated protein, Left-right asymmetry (biology), Lefty (protein), LEM domain-containing protein 3, Lens regeneration, Leukotriene B4 receptor 2, Limb development, List of MeSH codes (D12.644), List of MeSH codes (D12.776), List of MeSH codes (D23), List of Oberlin College and Conservatory people, List of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies, LRG1, LRP1, Lysyl oxidase, MAB21L2, Macrophage, Macrophage polarization, Mammary gland, MAP kinase kinase kinase, Marfan syndrome, Mechanotransduction, MECOM, Medulloblastoma, Melanocyte, Metastasis, Metastatic breast cancer, Metelimumab, Microbial drug delivery, Microglia, Mir-26 microRNA precursor family, Mir-938 microRNA precursor family, MMP2, Morphogen, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9, Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis, MTOR inhibitors, Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b, Mygene, Myostatin, Nasal chondrocytes, Natural killer cell, NEDD9, Neurofibroma, Neurotrophic factors, Neurulation, NNK, NODAL, Nodal signaling pathway, Noggin (protein), NR58-3.14.3, Ocular immune system, OGN (gene), Olmesartan, Organoid, Osteoblast, Ovarian cancer, Ovarian follicle activation, PAK1, Pancreatic progenitor cell, Paracrine signalling, Parotid gland, PAX6, PCSK6, Perisynaptic schwann cells, PHACTR1, Pirfenidone, PITX2, Platelet, Platelet alpha-granule, Platelet-rich plasma, Pre-eclampsia, Primitive streak, Prostate cancer, Proteases in angiogenesis, PRRX1, R-SMAD, Regulatory T cell, Remote ischemic conditioning, Reproductive immunology, Sarcoidosis, SB-431542, Scleroderma, Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator, SGK, Situs ambiguus, SKI protein, SMAD (protein), SMIM23, Socket preservation, Sodium-iodide symporter, Stem-cell niche, Steroidogenesis inhibitor, Stuart Schreiber, T cell, T helper 17 cell, T helper 3 cell, T helper cell, TBX2, TCF7L1, Tendon, Testicular immunology, TGF beta Activation, TGF beta receptor, TGF beta receptor 1, TGF beta signaling pathway, TGFBI, TGFβ superfamily receptor, Th 9 cell, Theophylline, Thrombospondin, Thrombospondin 1, Timothy A. Springer, TLR4, Tolerogenic dendritic cell, Tooth decay, Transforming growth factor, Transforming growth factor beta superfamily, Transforming growth factor, beta 3, Transforming growth interacting factor, Tumor microenvironment, Tumor-associated macrophage, TXN2, Tyrosine phosphorylation, USP4, Uterine fibroid, Uveitis, Vascular remodelling in the embryo, Ventricular remodeling, Vitamin A, Vitamin D and neurology, VTPP 652 Pax-6, Wound healing, WWTR1, ZEB2. Expand index (224 more) »
ACE inhibitor
An angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) is a pharmaceutical drug used primarily for the treatment of hypertension (elevated blood pressure) and congestive heart failure.
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Activin and inhibin
Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects.
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Activin type 2 receptors
The activin type 2 receptors modulate signals for ligands belonging to the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of ligands.
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ACVR1
Activin A receptor, type I (ACVR1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ACVR1 gene; also known as ALK-2 (activin receptor-like kinase-2).
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ACVR1B
Activin receptor type-1B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR1B gene.
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ACVR1C
The activin A receptor also known as ACVR1C or ALK-7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR1C gene.
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ACVR2A
Activin receptor type-2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR2A gene.
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ACVR2B
Activin receptor type-2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ACVR2B gene.
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Adipose tissue macrophages
Adipose tissue macrophages (abbr. ATMs) comprise tissue resident macrophages present in adipose tissue.
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Adult stem cell
Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells, found throughout the body after development, that multiply by cell division to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues.
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Alloimmunity
Alloimmunity (sometimes called isoimmunity) is an immune response to nonself antigens from members of the same species, which are called alloantigens or isoantigens.
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Angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the physiological process through which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels.
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Angiogenesis inhibitor
An angiogenesis inhibitor is a substance that inhibits the growth of new blood vessels (angiogenesis).
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Animal
Animals are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that form the biological kingdom Animalia.
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Anita Roberts
Anita B. Roberts (April 3, 1942 – May 26, 2006) was a molecular biologist who made pioneering observations of a protein, TGF-β, that is critical in healing wounds and bone fractures and that has a dual role in blocking or stimulating cancers.
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Anosmin-1
Anosmin-1 is a secreted, EM associated glycoprotein found in humans and other organisms responsible for normal development, which is expressed in the brain, spinal cord and kidney.
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Anti inflammatory agents in breast milk
The anti-inflammatory components in breast milk are those bioactive substances that confer or increase the anti-inflammatory response in a breastfeeding infant.
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Anti-Müllerian hormone
Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), also known as Müllerian-inhibiting hormone (MIH), is a glycoprotein hormone structurally related to inhibin and activin from the transforming growth factor beta superfamily, whose key roles are in growth differentiation and folliculogenesis.
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AP-1 transcription factor
Activator protein 1 (AP-1) is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression in response to a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, growth factors, stress, and bacterial and viral infections.
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Apigenin
Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), found in many plants, is a natural product belonging to the flavone class that is the aglycone of several naturally occurring glycosides.
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Artemin
Artemin, also known as enovin or neublastin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ARTN gene.
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Artificial cartilage
Artificial cartilage is a synthetic material made of hydrogels or polymers that aims to mimic the functional properties of natural cartilage in the human body.
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Astrogliosis
Astrogliosis (also known as astrocytosis or referred to as reactive astrocytosis) is an abnormal increase in the number of astrocytes due to the destruction of nearby neurons from CNS trauma, infection, ischemia, stroke, autoimmune responses, and neurodegenerative disease.
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Autoimmunity
Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues.
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BAMBI
BMP and activin membrane-bound inhibitor homolog (Xenopus laevis), also known as BAMBI, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BAMBI gene.
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Beta-catenin
Catenin beta-1, also known as β-catenin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTNNB1 gene.
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Biliary atresia
Biliary atresia, also known as extrahepatic ductopenia and progressive obliterative cholangiopathy, is a childhood disease of the liver in which one or more bile ducts are abnormally narrow, blocked, or absent.
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Biochemical cascade
A biochemical cascade, also known as a signaling cascade or signaling pathway, is a series of chemical reactions which are initiated by a stimulus (first messenger) acting on a receptor that is transduced to the cell interior through second messengers (which amplify the initial signal) and ultimately to effector molecules, resulting in a cell response to the initial stimulus.
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Biological functions of nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen monoxide) is a molecule and chemical compound with chemical formula of NO.
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Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP; dioctyl phthalate, DOP) is an organic compound with the formula C6H4(CO2C8H17)2.
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Blood cell
A blood cell, also called a haematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte, is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood.
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BMPR1A
The bone morphogenetic protein receptor, type IA also known as BMPR1A is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BMPR1A gene.
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Bone growth factor
A bone growth factor is a growth factor that stimulates the growth of bone tissue.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 1
Bone morphogenetic protein 1, also known as BMP1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the BMP1 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 10
Bone morphogenetic protein 10 (BMP10) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP10 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 15
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP15 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 3
Bone morphogenetic protein 3, also known as osteogenin, is a protein in humans that is encoded by the BMP3 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 4
Bone morphogenetic protein 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by BMP4 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 5
Bone morphogenetic protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP5 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 6
Bone morphogenetic protein 6 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP6 gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 8A
Bone morphogenetic protein 8A (BMP8A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP8A gene.
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Bone morphogenetic protein 8B
Bone morphogenetic protein 8B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BMP8B gene.
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Breast development
Breast development, also known as mammogenesis, is a complex biological process in primates that takes place throughout a female's life.
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Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome
Buschke–Ollendorff syndrome, also known as dermatofibrosis lenticularis disseminata, is a rare genetic disorder associated with LEMD3.
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Cancer stem cell
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are cancer cells (found within tumors or hematological cancers) that possess characteristics associated with normal stem cells, specifically the ability to give rise to all cell types found in a particular cancer sample.
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Carl F. Nathan
Carl F. Nathan is the chair of the department of microbiology and immunology at Weill Cornell Medicine and dean of the Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences at Cornell University.
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Carlos Arteaga
Carlos L. Arteaga is the Associate Director for Clinical Research, director of the Center for Cancer Targeted Therapies, and professor of Cancer Biology and Medicine at Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center.
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CD-NP
CD-NP (chimeric natriuretic peptide), also known as cenderitide, is a novel natriuretic peptide developed by the Mayo Clinic as a potential treatment for heart failure.
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CD135
Cluster of differentiation antigen 135 (CD135) also known as fms like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT-3), receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3, or fetal liver kinase-2 (Flk2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLT3 gene.
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CD4+ T cells and antitumor immunity
Understanding of the antitumor immunity role of CD4+ T cells has grown substantially since the late 1990s.
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CD69
CD69 (Cluster of Differentiation 69) is a human transmembrane C-Type lectin protein encoded by the gene.
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CDKN2B
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 inhibitor B also known as multiple tumor suppressor 2 (MTS-2) or p15INK4b is a protein that is encoded by the CDKN2B gene in humans.
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Cell cycle
The cell cycle or cell-division cycle is the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce two daughter cells.
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Ceramide synthase 1
Ceramide synthase 1 also known as LAG1 longevity assurance homolog 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CERS1 gene.
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Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy
Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL), is an inherited disease with symptoms of stroke, hair loss, and low back pain.
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CFC domain
In molecular biology, the CFC domain (Cripto_Frl-1_Cryptic domain) is a protein domain found at the C-terminus of a number of proteins including Cripto (or teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor).
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Chemorepulsion
Chemorepulsion is the directional movement of a cell away from a substance.
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Chordin
Chordin is a bone morphogenetic protein antagonist composed of four small cysteine-rich domains, whose function is not known.
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Chronic active EBV infection
Chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) or in its expanded form, chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection is a very rare and often fatal complication of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection that most often occurs in children or adolescents of Asian or South American lineage, although cases in Hispanics, Europeans and Africans have been reported.
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CHUK
Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit alpha (IKK-α) also known as IKK1 or conserved helix-loop-helix ubiquitous kinase (CHUK) is a protein kinase that in humans is encoded by the CHUK gene.
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Co-receptor
A co-receptor is a cell surface receptor that binds a signalling molecule in addition to a primary receptor in order to facilitate ligand recognition and initiate biological processes, such as entry of a pathogen into a host cell.
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Coiled-Coil Domain Containing Protein – 25
The Coiled-Coil Domain Containing Protein – 25 (CCDC25) is a human protein whose function is not presently understood.
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Colorectal cancer
Colorectal cancer (CRC), also known as bowel cancer and colon cancer, is the development of cancer from the colon or rectum (parts of the large intestine).
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Corneal keratocyte
Corneal keratocytes (corneal fibroblasts) are specialized fibroblasts residing in the stroma.
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CTGF
CTGF, also known as CCN2 or connective tissue growth factor, is a matricellular protein of the CCN family of extracellular matrix-associated heparin-binding proteins (see also CCN intercellular signaling protein).
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Cytotrophoblast
The cytotrophoblast (or layer of Langhans) is the inner layer of the trophoblast.
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Death-associated protein 6
Death-associated protein 6 also known as Daxx is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DAXX gene.
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Decorin
Decorin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DCN gene.
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Deleted in Colorectal Cancer
Deleted in Colorectal Carcinoma, also known as DCC, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the DCC gene.
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Dengue fever
Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.
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Dermatopontin
Dermatopontin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DPT gene.
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Development of the nervous system
Development of the nervous system refers to the processes that generate, shape, and reshape the nervous system of animals, from the earliest stages of embryogenesis to adulthood.
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Diabetic nephropathy
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), also known as diabetic kidney disease, is the chronic loss of kidney function occurring in those with diabetes mellitus.
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DLX1
Homeobox protein DLX-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DLX1 gene.
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Ectoderm
Ectoderm is one of the three primary germ layers in the very early embryo.
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Ectoderm specification
In Xenopus laevis, the specification of the three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) occurs at the blastula stage.
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EID2
EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 2, also known as EID2 is a human gene.
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Embryoid body
Embryoid bodies (EBs) are three-dimensional aggregates of pluripotent stem cells.
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Endoglin
Endoglin (ENG) is a type I membrane glycoprotein located on cell surfaces and is part of the TGF beta receptor complex.
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Enhancer (genetics)
In genetics, an enhancer is a short (50–1500 bp) region of DNA that can be bound by proteins (activators) to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur.
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Eosinophil
Eosinophils sometimes called eosinophiles or, less commonly, acidophils, are a variety of white blood cells and one of the immune system components responsible for combating multicellular parasites and certain infections in vertebrates. Along with mast cells and basophils, they also control mechanisms associated with allergy and asthma. They are granulocytes that develop during hematopoiesis in the bone marrow before migrating into blood, after which they are terminally differentiated and do not multiply. These cells are eosinophilic or "acid-loving" due to their large acidophilic cytoplasmic granules, which show their affinity for acids by their affinity to coal tar dyes: Normally transparent, it is this affinity that causes them to appear brick-red after staining with eosin, a red dye, using the Romanowsky method. The staining is concentrated in small granules within the cellular cytoplasm, which contain many chemical mediators, such as eosinophil peroxidase, ribonuclease (RNase), deoxyribonucleases (DNase), lipase, plasminogen, and major basic protein. These mediators are released by a process called degranulation following activation of the eosinophil, and are toxic to both parasite and host tissues. In normal individuals, eosinophils make up about 1–3% of white blood cells, and are about 12–17 micrometres in size with bilobed nuclei. While they are released into the bloodstream as neutrophils are, eosinophils reside in tissue They are found in the medulla and the junction between the cortex and medulla of the thymus, and, in the lower gastrointestinal tract, ovary, uterus, spleen, and lymph nodes, but not in the lung, skin, esophagus, or some other internal organs under normal conditions. The presence of eosinophils in these latter organs is associated with disease. For instance, patients with eosinophilic asthma have high levels of eosinophils that lead to inflammation and tissue damage, making it more difficult for patients to breathe. Eosinophils persist in the circulation for 8–12 hours, and can survive in tissue for an additional 8–12 days in the absence of stimulation. Pioneering work in the 1980s elucidated that eosinophils were unique granulocytes, having the capacity to survive for extended periods of time after their maturation as demonstrated by ex-vivo culture experiments.
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Epigenetics of autism
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes autism, Asperger disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder and pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified.
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Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
The epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process by which epithelial cells lose their cell polarity and cell-cell adhesion, and gain migratory and invasive properties to become mesenchymal stem cells; these are multipotent stromal cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types.
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Fasciclin domain
In molecular biology, the fasciclin domain (FAS1 domain) is an extracellular domain of about 140 amino acid residues.
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FGF and mesoderm formation
This article is about the role of FGF Signaling in Mesoderm Formation.
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Fibrin scaffold
A fibrin scaffold is a network of protein that holds together and supports a variety of living tissues.
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Fibrocystic breast changes
Fibrocystic breasts or fibrocystic breast disease or fibrocystic breast condition commonly referred to as "FBC" is a condition of breast tissue affecting an estimated 30-60% of women and at least 50% of women of childbearing age.
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Fibrosis
Fibrosis is the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue in a reparative or reactive process.
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Fibrothorax
Fibrothorax is a medical condition characterised by scarring (fibrosis) of the pleural space surrounding the lungs that is severe enough to cause reduced movement of the lung and ribcage.
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Fiona Powrie
Fiona Magaret Powrie (born 1963) FRS FMedSci is currently the head of the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology at the University of Oxford.
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FOXP3
FOXP3 (forkhead box P3), also known as scurfin, is a protein involved in immune system responses.
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French flag model
The French flag model is a conceptual definition of a morphogen, described by Lewis Wolpert in the 1960s.
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Fresolimumab
Fresolimumab (GC1008) is a human monoclonal antibody and an immunomodulator.
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Fuzzy complex
Fuzzy complexes are protein complexes, where structural ambiguity or multiplicity exists and is required for biological function.
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Galunisertib
Galunisertib (LY2157299) is a small molecular experimental cancer drug in development by Eli Lilly.
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Gaseous signaling molecules
Gaseous signaling molecules are gaseous molecules that are either synthesised internally (endogenously) in the organism, tissue or cell or are received by the organism, tissue or cell from outside (say, from the atmosphere or hydrosphere, as in the case of oxygen) and that are used to transmit chemical signals which induce certain physiological or biochemical changes in the organism, tissue or cell.
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GDF2
Growth differentiation factor 2 (GDF2) also known as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GDF2 gene.
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Gene silencing
Gene silencing is the regulation of gene expression in a cell to prevent the expression of a certain gene.
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Gingival enlargement
Gingival enlargement, (also termed gingival overgrowth, hypertrophic gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia, or gingival hypertrophy, and sometimes abbreviated to GO), is an increase in the size of the gingiva (gums).
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GJA1
Gap junction alpha-1 protein (GJA1), also known as connexin 43 (Cx43), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GJA1 gene on chromosome 6.
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Gliosis
Gliosis is a nonspecific reactive change of glial cells in response to damage to the central nervous system (CNS).
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Granzyme
Granzymes are serine proteases that are released by cytoplasmic granules within cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells.
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Growth factor
A growth factor is a naturally occurring substance capable of stimulating cellular growth, proliferation, healing, and cellular differentiation.
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Harold L. Moses
Harold L. Moses is the Ingram Professor of Cancer Research, Professor of Cancer Biology, Medicine and Pathology, and Director Emeritus at the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center.
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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a form of congestive heart failure where in the amount of blood pumped from the heart's left ventricle with each beat (ejection fraction) is greater than 50%.
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Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), also known as Osler–Weber–Rendu disease and Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder that leads to abnormal blood vessel formation in the skin, mucous membranes, and often in organs such as the lungs, liver, and brain.
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HHV Latency Associated Transcript
HHV Latency Associated Transcript (HHV LAT) is a length of RNA which accumulates in cells hosting long-term, or latent, Human Herpes Virus (HHV) infections.
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Hypertrophic scar
A hypertrophic scar is a cutaneous condition characterized by deposits of excessive amounts of collagen which gives rise to a raised scar, but not to the degree observed with keloids.
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I-SMAD
I-SMAD or Inhibitor SMAD is a subclass of SMADs that are involved in the modulation of transforming growth factor beta ligands.
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Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a type of chronic lung disease characterized by a progressive and irreversible decline in lung function.
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IGFBP3
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, also known as IGFBP-3, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the IGFBP3 gene.
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Immune privilege
Certain sites of the human body have immune privilege, meaning they are able to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an inflammatory immune response.
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Immune system
The immune system is a host defense system comprising many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease.
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Immune tolerance
Immune tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immunotolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in given organism.It is induced by prior exposure to that specific antigen.
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Immunoglobulin A
Immunoglobulin A (IgA, also referred to as sIgA in its secretory form) is an antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune function of mucous membranes.
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Immunologic activation
In immunology, activation is the transition of leucocytes and other cell types involved in the immune system.
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Index of biochemistry articles
Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes in living organisms.
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Induced stem cells
Induced stem cells (iSC) are stem cells derived from somatic, reproductive, pluripotent or other cell types by deliberate epigenetic reprogramming.
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Infectious tolerance
Infectious tolerance is a term referring to a phenomenon where a tolerance-inducing state is transferred from one cell population to another.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Integrin
Integrins are transmembrane receptors that facilitate cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion.
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Integrin alpha V
Integrin alpha-V is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGAV gene.
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Interleukin 17
Interleukin 17A (IL-17 or IL-17A) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine.
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Interleukin 4
The interleukin 4 (IL4, IL-4) is a cytokine that induces differentiation of naive helper T cells (Th0 cells) to Th2 cells.
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Interleukin 9
Interleukin 9, also known as IL-9, is a pleiotropic cytokine (cell signalling molecule) belonging to the group of interleukins.
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Invadopodia
Invadopodia are actin-rich protrusions of the plasma membrane that are associated with degradation of the extracellular matrix in cancer invasiveness and metastasis.
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Inversion (evolutionary biology)
In evolutionary developmental biology, inversion refers to the hypothesis that during the course of animal evolution, the structures along the dorsoventral (DV) axis have taken on an orientation opposite that of the ancestral form.
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Joan Massagué
Joan Massagué (born April 30, 1953 in Barcelona), is a biologist and the current director of the Sloan Kettering Institute at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.
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Juice Plus
Juice Plus+ is a branded line of dietary supplements containing concentrated fruit and vegetable juice extracts fortified with added vitamins and nutrients.
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Keratinocyte
A keratinocyte is the predominant cell type in the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin, constituting 90% of the cells found there.
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KLF14
Krüppel-like factor 14, also known as basic transcription element-binding protein 5 (BTEB5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF14 gene.
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KLF15
Krüppel-like factor 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLF15 gene in the Krüppel-like factor family.
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Latent TGF-beta binding protein
The latent TGF-beta binding proteins (LTBP) are a family of carrier proteins.
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LDL-receptor-related protein-associated protein
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-associated protein 1 also known as LRPAP1 or RAP is a chaperone protein which in humans is encoded by the LRPAP1 gene.
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Left-right asymmetry (biology)
Left-right asymmetry (LR asymmetry) refers to differences in structure (symmetry breaking) across the mediolateral (left and right) plane in animals.
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Lefty (protein)
Lefty (left-right determination factors) refers to proteins that are closely related members of the TGF-beta family of growth factors.
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LEM domain-containing protein 3
LEM domain-containing protein 3 (LEMD3), also known as MAN1, is an integral protein in the inner nuclear membrane (INM) of the nuclear envelope.
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Lens regeneration
The regeneration of the lens of the eye has been studied, mostly in amphibians and rabbits, from the 18th century.
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Leukotriene B4 receptor 2
Leukotriene B4 receptor 2, also known as BLT2, BLT2 receptor, and BLTR2, is a Integral membrane protein that is encoded by the LTB4R2 gene in humans and the Ltbr2 gene in mice.
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Limb development
Limb development in vertebrates is an area of active research in both developmental and evolutionary biology, with much of the latter work focused on the transition from fin to limb.
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List of MeSH codes (D12.644)
This is part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.
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List of MeSH codes (D12.776)
This is part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.
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List of MeSH codes (D23)
This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH.
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List of Oberlin College and Conservatory people
This list of Oberlin College and Conservatory People contains links to Wikipedia articles about notable alumni of and other people connected to Oberlin College, including the Conservatory of Music.
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List of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies
This is a list of therapeutic, diagnostic and preventive monoclonal antibodies, antibodies that are clones of a single parent cell.
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LRG1
Leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein 1 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the gene LRG1.
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LRP1
Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), also known as alpha-2-macroglobulin receptor (A2MR), apolipoprotein E receptor (APOER) or cluster of differentiation 91 (CD91), is a protein forming a receptor found in the plasma membrane of cells involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis.
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Lysyl oxidase
Lysyl oxidase (LOX), also known as protein-lysine 6-oxidase, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the LOX gene.
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MAB21L2
Mab-21-like 2 (C. elegans) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAB21L2 gene.
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Macrophage
Macrophages (big eaters, from Greek μακρός (makrós).
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Macrophage polarization
Macrophage polarization is a process by which macrophage expresses different functional programs in response to microenvironmental signals.
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Mammary gland
A mammary gland is an exocrine gland in mammals that produces milk to feed young offspring.
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MAP kinase kinase kinase
MAP kinase kinase kinase (or MAP3K or MEKK) is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase which acts upon MAP kinase kinase.
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Marfan syndrome
Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder of the connective tissue.
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Mechanotransduction
Mechanotransduction (mechano + transduction) is any of various mechanisms by which cells convert mechanical stimulus into electrochemical activity.
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MECOM
MDS1 and EVI1 complex locus protein EVI1 (MECOM) also known as ecotropic virus integration site 1 protein homolog (EVI-1) or positive regulatory domain zinc finger protein 3 (PRDM3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MECOM gene.
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Medulloblastoma
Medulloblastoma is the most common type of pediatric malignant primary brain tumor (cancer), originating in the part of the brain that is towards the back and the bottom, on the floor of the skull, in the cerebellum, or posterior fossa.
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Melanocyte
Melanocytes are melanin-producing neural crest-derived cells located in the bottom layer (the stratum basale) of the skin's epidermis, the middle layer of the eye (the uvea), the inner ear, vaginal epithelium, meninges, bones, and heart.
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Metastasis
Metastasis is a pathogenic agent's spread from an initial or primary site to a different or secondary site within the host's body; it is typically spoken of as such spread by a cancerous tumor.
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Metastatic breast cancer
Metastatic breast cancer, also referred to as metastases, advanced breast cancer, secondary tumours, secondaries or stage 4 breast cancer, is a stage of breast cancer where the disease has spread to distant sites beyond the axillary lymph nodes.
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Metelimumab
Metelimumab (CAT-192) is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that neutralizes TGF beta 1 which had been chosen for further development for the treatment of diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis, also known as scleroderma.
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Microbial drug delivery
Microbial drug delivery is an emerging form of drug administration characterized by the use of commensal microbes that have been genetically modified to produce medications for chronic diseases in humans.
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Microglia
Microglia are a type of neuroglia (glial cell) located throughout the brain and spinal cord.
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Mir-26 microRNA precursor family
The miR-26 microRNA is a small non-coding RNA that is involved in regulating gene expression.
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Mir-938 microRNA precursor family
In molecular biology mir-938 microRNA is a short RNA molecule.
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MMP2
72 kDa type IV collagenase also known as matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and gelatinase A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MMP2 gene.
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Morphogen
A morphogen is a substance whose non-uniform distribution governs the pattern of tissue development in the process of morphogenesis or pattern formation, one of the core processes of developmental biology, establishing positions of the various specialized cell types within a tissue.
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Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 also known as SMAD family member 3 or SMAD3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD3 gene.
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Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4
SMAD4, also called SMAD family member 4, Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4, or DPC4 (Deleted in Pancreatic Cancer-4) is a highly-conserved protein present in all metazoans.
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Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 5 also known as SMAD5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD5 gene.
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Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 6
SMAD family member 6, also known as SMAD6, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD6 gene.
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Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 or SMAD7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMAD7 gene.
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Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9
Mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 9 also known as SMAD9, SMAD8, and MADH6 is a protein that in humans is enocoded by the SMAD9 gene.
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Mouse models of breast cancer metastasis
Breast cancer metastatic mouse models are experimental approaches in which mice are genetically manipulated to develop a mammary tumor leading to distant focal lesions of mammary epithelium.
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MTOR inhibitors
mTOR inhibitors are a class of drugs that inhibit the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a serine/threonine-specific protein kinase that belongs to the family of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) related kinases (PIKKs).
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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) (also known as "Pheochromocytoma and amyloid producing medullary thyroid carcinoma", "PTC syndrome," and "Sipple syndrome") is a group of medical disorders associated with tumors of the endocrine system.
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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2b
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (also known as "MEN2B", "Mucosal neuromata with endocrine tumors", "Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 3", and "Wagenmann–Froboese syndrome") is a genetic disease that causes multiple tumors on the mouth, eyes, and endocrine glands.
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Mygene
MyGene Pty.
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Myostatin
Myostatin (also known as growth differentiation factor 8, abbreviated GDF-8) is a myokine, a protein produced and released by myocytes that acts on muscle cells' autocrine function to inhibit myogenesis: muscle cell growth and differentiation.
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Nasal chondrocytes
Nasal chondrocytes (NC) are present in the hyaline cartilage of the nasal septum, and in fact are the only cell type within the tissue.
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Natural killer cell
Natural killer cells or NK cells are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte critical to the innate immune system.
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NEDD9
Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated protein 9 (NEDD-9) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEDD9 gene.
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Neurofibroma
A neurofibroma is a benign nerve-sheath tumor in the peripheral nervous system.
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Neurotrophic factors
Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are a family of biomolecules – nearly all of which are peptides or small proteins – that support the growth, survival, and differentiation of both developing and mature neurons.
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Neurulation
Neurulation refers to the folding process in vertebrate embryos, which includes the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube.
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NNK
Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone (NNK), also known as 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, is one of the key tobacco-specific nitrosamines which play an important role in carcinogenesis.
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NODAL
Nodal is a secretory protein that in humans is encoded by the NODAL gene which is located on chromosome 10q22.1.
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Nodal signaling pathway
The nodal signaling pathway is a signal transduction pathway important in pattern formation and differentiation during embryo development.
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Noggin (protein)
Noggin, also known as NOG, is a protein that is involved in the development of many body tissues, including nerve tissue, muscles, and bones.
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NR58-3.14.3
NR58.3-14-3 is a cyclic peptide consisting of 11 D-amino acids.
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Ocular immune system
The ocular immune system protects the eye from infection and regulates healing processes following injuries.
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OGN (gene)
Osteoglycin (also called mimecan), encoded by the OGN gene, is a human protein.
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Olmesartan
Olmesartan medoxomil is an angiotensin II receptor antagonist which is used for the treatment of high blood pressure.
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Organoid
An organoid is a miniaturized and simplified version of an organ produced in vitro in three dimensions that shows realistic micro-anatomy.
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Osteoblast
Osteoblasts (from the Greek combining forms for "bone", ὀστέο-, osteo- and βλαστάνω, blastanō "germinate") are cells with a single nucleus that synthesize bone.
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Ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer is a cancer that forms in or on an ovary.
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Ovarian follicle activation
Ovarian follicle activation can be defined as primordial follicles in the ovary moving from a quiescent (inactive) to a growing phase.
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PAK1
Serine/threonine-protein kinase PAK 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PAK1 gene.
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Pancreatic progenitor cell
Pancreatic progenitor cells are multipotent stem cells originating from the developing fore-gut endoderm which have the ability to differentiate into the lineage specific progenitors responsible for the developing pancreas.
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Paracrine signalling
Paracrine signaling is a form of cell-to-cell communication in which a cell produces a signal to induce changes in nearby cells, altering the behavior of those cells.
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Parotid gland
The parotid gland is a major salivary gland in many animals.
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PAX6
Paired box protein Pax-6, also known as aniridia type II protein (AN2) or oculorhombin, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PAX6 gene.
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PCSK6
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 6 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PCSK6 gene.
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Perisynaptic schwann cells
Perisynaptic schwann cells (also known as Terminal schwann cells or Teloglia) are Neuroglia found at the Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) with known functions in synaptic transmission, synaptogenesis, and nerve regeneration.
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PHACTR1
Phosphatase and actin regulator 1 (PHACTR1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PHACTR1 gene on chromosome 6.
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Pirfenidone
Pirfenidone is a medication used for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).
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PITX2
Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 also known as pituitary homeobox 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PITX2 gene.
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Platelet
Platelets, also called thrombocytes (from Greek θρόμβος, "clot" and κύτος, "cell"), are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.
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Platelet alpha-granule
In platelets, the term "alpha granules" is used to describe granules containing several growth factors.
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Platelet-rich plasma
Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a concentrate of platelet-rich plasma protein derived from whole blood, centrifuged to remove red blood cells.
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Pre-eclampsia
Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a disorder of pregnancy characterized by the onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine.
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Primitive streak
The primitive streak is a structure that forms in the blastula during the early stages of avian, reptilian and mammalian embryonic development.
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Prostate cancer
Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system.
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Proteases in angiogenesis
Angiogenesis is the process of forming new blood vessels from existing blood vessels.
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PRRX1
Paired related homeobox 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRRX1 gene.
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R-SMAD
R-SMADs are receptor-regulated SMADs.
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Regulatory T cell
The regulatory T cells (Tregs), formerly known as suppressor T cells, are a subpopulation of T cells that modulate the immune system, maintain tolerance to self-antigens, and prevent autoimmune disease.
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Remote ischemic conditioning
Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) is an experimental medical procedure that aims to reduce the severity of ischaemic injury to an organ such as the heart or the brain, most commonly in the situation of a heart attack or a stroke, or during procedures such as heart surgery when the heart may temporary suffer ischaemia during the operation.
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Reproductive immunology
Reproductive immunology refers to a field of medicine that studies interactions (or the absence of them) between the immune system and components related to the reproductive system, such as maternal immune tolerance towards the fetus, or immunological interactions across the blood-testis barrier.
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Sarcoidosis
Sarcoidosis is a disease involving abnormal collections of inflammatory cells that form lumps known as granulomas.
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SB-431542
SB-431542 is a drug candidate developed by GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) as an inhibitor of the activin receptor-like kinase (ALK) receptors, ALK5, ALK4 and ALK7.
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Scleroderma
Scleroderma is a group of autoimmune diseases that may result in changes to the skin, blood vessels, muscles, and internal organs.
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Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulator
Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators (SEGRMs) and selective glucocorticoid receptor agonists (SEGRAs) formerly known as dissociated glucocorticoid receptor agonists (DIGRAs) are a class of experimental drugs designed to share many of the desirable anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, or anticancer properties of classical glucocorticoid drugs but with fewer side effects such as skin atrophy.
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SGK
Serine/threonine-protein kinases SGK represent a kinase subfamily with orthologs found across animal clades and in yeast (compare). In most vertebrates, including humans, there are three isoforms encoded by the genes SGK1, SGK2, and SGK3.
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Situs ambiguus
Situs ambiguus or situs ambiguous, also known as heterotaxy or heterotaxia, is a rare congenital defect in which the major visceral organs are distributed abnormally within the chest and abdomen.
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SKI protein
The SKI protein is a nuclear proto-oncogene that is associated with tumors at high cellular concentrations.
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SMAD (protein)
Smads (or SMADs) comprise a family of structurally similar proteins that are the main signal transducers for receptors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-B) superfamily, which are critically important for regulating cell development and growth.
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SMIM23
SMIM23 or Small Integral Membrane Protein 23 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SMIM23 or c5orf50 gene.
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Socket preservation
Socket preservation or alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is a procedure to reduce bone loss after tooth extraction to preserve the dental alveolus (tooth socket) in the alveolar bone.
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Sodium-iodide symporter
A sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), also known as a sodium/iodide cotransporter or solute carrier family 5, member 5 (SLC5A5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC5A5 gene.
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Stem-cell niche
Stem-cell niche refers to a microenvironment, within the specific anatomic location where stem cells are found, which interacts with stem cells to regulate cell fate.
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Steroidogenesis inhibitor
A steroidogenesis inhibitor, also known as a steroid biosynthesis inhibitor, is a type of drug which inhibits one or more of the enzymes that are involved in the process of steroidogenesis, the biosynthesis of endogenous steroids and steroid hormones.
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Stuart Schreiber
Stuart L. Schreiber (born 6 February 1956) is a scientist at Harvard University and co-Founder of the Broad Institute.
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T cell
A T cell, or T lymphocyte, is a type of lymphocyte (a subtype of white blood cell) that plays a central role in cell-mediated immunity.
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T helper 17 cell
T helper 17 cells (Th17) are a subset of pro-inflammatory T helper cells defined by their production of interleukin 17 (IL-17).
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T helper 3 cell
T helper 3 cells (Th3) are white blood cells of the lymphocyte type.
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T helper cell
The T helper cells (Th cells) are a type of T cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in the adaptive immune system.
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TBX2
T-box transcription factor 2 Tbx2 is a transcription factor that is encoded by the Tbx2 gene on chromosome 17q21-22 in humans.
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TCF7L1
Transcription factor 7-like 1 (T-cell specific, HMG-box), also known as TCF7L1, is a human gene.
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Tendon
A tendon or sinew is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.
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Testicular immunology
Testicular Immunology is the study of the immune system within the testis.
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TGF beta Activation
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a potent cell regulatory polypeptide homodimer of 25kD.
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TGF beta receptor
Transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) receptors are single pass serine/threonine kinase receptors.
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TGF beta receptor 1
Transforming growth factor beta receptor I (activin A receptor type II-like kinase, 53kDa) is a membrane-bound receptor protein for the TGF beta superfamily of signaling ligands.
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TGF beta signaling pathway
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes in both the adult organism and the developing embryo including cell growth, cell differentiation, apoptosis, cellular homeostasis and other cellular functions.
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TGFBI
Transforming growth factor, beta-induced, 68kDa, also known as TGFBI (initially called BIGH3, BIG-H3), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the TGFBI gene, locus 5q31.
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TGFβ superfamily receptor
The Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) receptors are a superfamily of serine/threonine kinase receptors.
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Th 9 cell
In cell biology, TH9 cells (T helper type 9 cells, CD4+IL-9+IL-13−IFNγ −) are a sub-population of CD4+T cells that produce interleukin-9 (IL-9).
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Theophylline
Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a methylxanthine drug used in therapy for respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma under a variety of brand names.
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Thrombospondin
Thrombospondins are a family of secreted glycoproteins with antiangiogenic functions.
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Thrombospondin 1
Thrombospondin 1, abbreviated as THBS1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the THBS1 gene.
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Timothy A. Springer
Timothy "Tim" A. Springer, Ph.D. is an immunologist and Latham Family Professor at Harvard Medical School.
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TLR4
Toll-like receptor 4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR4 gene.
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Tolerogenic dendritic cell
Tolerogenic dendritic cells (tol-DCs, tDCs, DCregs) are heterogenous pool of dendritic cells with immuno-suppressive properties, priming immune system into tolerogenic state against various antigens.
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Tooth decay
Tooth decay, also known as dental caries or cavities, is a breakdown of teeth due to acids made by bacteria.
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Transforming growth factor
Transforming growth factor (sometimes referred to as Tumor growth factor, or TGF) is used to describe two classes of polypeptide growth factors, TGFα and TGFβ.
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Transforming growth factor beta superfamily
The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily is a large group of structurally related cell regulatory proteins that was named after its first member, TGF-β1, originally described in 1983.
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Transforming growth factor, beta 3
Transforming growth factor beta-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TGFB3 gene.
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Transforming growth interacting factor
Transforming growth interacting factor (TGIF) is a potential repressor of TGF-β pathways in myometrial cells.
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Tumor microenvironment
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the cellular environment in which the tumor exists, including surrounding blood vessels, immune cells, fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells, lymphocytes, signaling molecules and the extracellular matrix (ECM).
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Tumor-associated macrophage
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a class of immune cells present in high numbers in the microenvironment of solid tumors.
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TXN2
Thioredoxin, mitochondrial also known as thioredoxin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TXN2 gene on chromosome 22.
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Tyrosine phosphorylation
Tyrosine phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate (PO43−) group to the amino acid tyrosine on a protein.
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USP4
Ubiquitin specific protease 4 (USP4) is an enzyme that cleaves ubiquitin from a number of protein substrates.
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Uterine fibroid
Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas or fibroids, are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus.
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Uveitis
Uveitis is the inflammation of the uvea, the pigmented layer that lies between the inner retina and the outer fibrous layer composed of the sclera and cornea.
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Vascular remodelling in the embryo
Vascular remodelling is a process which begins at day 21 of human embryogenesis, when an immature heart begins contracting, pushing fluid through the early vasculature.
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Ventricular remodeling
In cardiology, ventricular remodeling (or cardiac remodeling) refers to changes in the size, shape, structure, and function of the heart.
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Vitamin A
Vitamin A is a group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinol, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene).
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Vitamin D and neurology
Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that plays a vital role in calcium and phosphate absorption.
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VTPP 652 Pax-6
Pax-6, member of the Pax gene class, is responsible for carrying the genetic information that will encode Pax-6 (protein) which dictates the development of the olfactory epithelium, eyes and central nervous system in vertebrates.
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Wound healing
Wound healing is an intricate process in which the skin repairs itself after injury.
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WWTR1
WW domain-containing transcription regulator protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WWTR1 gene.
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ZEB2
Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZEB2 gene.
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Redirects here:
TGF b, TGF beta, TGF β, TGF-B, TGF-Beta, TGF-b, TGF-beta, TGF-β, TGFB, TGFb, TGFbeta, TGFβ, Tgf beta, Tgf-beta, Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta, Transforming growth factor β, Transforming growth factor-b, Transforming growth factor-beta, Transforming growth factor-beta signaling, Transforming growth factor-β, Tumor growth factor (TGF) beta, Tumor necrosis factor (TGF) beta.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transforming_growth_factor_beta
