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493 relations: A New Account of the Tales of the World, Academy, Administrative divisions of China, Analects, Ancient history, Andrew H. Plaks, Anhui cuisine, Arch, Architecture, Artisan, Asia, Aurel Stein, Authoritarianism, Ba Manzi, Bai Juyi, Baidu Baike, Bamboo, Bamboo shoot, Ban Zhao, Bashu culture, Beihai Park, Beijing, Bi (jade), Bian Jingzhao, Bian lian, Book of Documents, British Museum, Buddhism, Burning of books and burying of scholars, Calligraphy, Cambodia, Camel, Camellia, Candle, Cantonese, Cantonese cuisine, Celestial Empire, Centimetre, Central Asia, Chang'an, Chen Rong (painter), Cheng Yi (philosopher), Chenpi, Cheongsam, China, China Youth University of Political Studies, Chinatown, Chinese alchemy, Chinese architecture, Chinese aristocrat cuisine, ..., Chinese art, Chinese astrology, Chinese astronomy, Chinese Buddhism, Chinese calendar, Chinese calligraphy, Chinese ceramics, Chinese characters, Chinese classics, Chinese constellations, Chinese cooking techniques, Chinese cuisine, Chinese dominoes, Chinese dragon, Chinese dress, Chinese emigration, Chinese folk art, Chinese folklore, Chinese 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A New Account of the Tales of the World
A New Account of the Tales of the World, also known as Shishuo Xinyu or Shih-shuo Hsin-yu, was compiled and edited by Liu Yiqing (Liu I-ching; 劉義慶; 403–444) during the Liu Song dynasty (420–479) of the Southern and Northern Dynasties (420–589).
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Academy
An academy (Attic Greek: Ἀκαδήμεια; Koine Greek Ἀκαδημία) is an institution of secondary education, higher learning, research, or honorary membership.
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Administrative divisions of China
Due to China's large population and area, the administrative divisions of China have consisted of several levels since ancient times.
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Analects
The Analects (Old Chinese: *run ŋ(r)aʔ), also known as the Analects of Confucius, is a collection of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philosopher Confucius and his contemporaries, traditionally believed to have been compiled and written by Confucius's followers.
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Ancient history
Ancient history is the aggregate of past events, "History" from the beginning of recorded human history and extending as far as the Early Middle Ages or the post-classical history.
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Andrew H. Plaks
Andrew Henry Plaks (born 1945) is an American sinologist who specializes in the study of the vernacular fiction of the Ming and Qing dynasties.
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Anhui cuisine
Anhui cuisine, alternatively referred to as Hui cuisine, is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine.
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Arch
An arch is a vertical curved structure that spans an elevated space and may or may not support the weight above it, or in case of a horizontal arch like an arch dam, the hydrostatic pressure against it.
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Architecture
Architecture is both the process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings or any other structures.
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Artisan
An artisan (from artisan, artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts, sculptures, clothing, jewellery, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker.
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Asia
Asia is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres.
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Aurel Stein
Sir Marc Aurel Stein, KCIE, FRAS, FBA (Stein Márk Aurél; 26 November 1862 – 26 October 1943) was a Hungarian-born British archaeologist, primarily known for his explorations and archaeological discoveries in Central Asia.
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Authoritarianism
Authoritarianism is a form of government characterized by strong central power and limited political freedoms.
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Ba Manzi
Ba Manzi was a Chinese military general of the ancient Ba kingdom in the Warring States period (475 BCE - 221 BCE) of China and a legendary hero in the folk cultures of Chongqing.
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Bai Juyi
Bai Juyi (also Bo Juyi or Po Chü-i;; 772–846) was a renowned Chinese poet and Tang dynasty government official.
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Baidu Baike
Baidu Baike"." Baidu.
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Bamboo
The bamboos are evergreen perennial flowering plants in the subfamily Bambusoideae of the grass family Poaceae.
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Bamboo shoot
Bamboo shoots or bamboo sprouts are the edible shoots (new bamboo culms that come out of the ground) of many bamboo species including Bambusa vulgaris and Phyllostachys edulis.
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Ban Zhao
Ban Zhao (45 – c. 116 CE), courtesy name Huiban, was a Chinese historian, philosopher, and politician.
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Bashu culture
Bashu culture (巴蜀文化), sometimes also named Sichuanese culture, refers to the culture of the Chinese provinces of Sichuan, Chongqing, and the surrounding areas - which often include the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, since the Han Chinese groups in these two provinces also primarily speak Southwestern Mandarin nowadays.
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Beihai Park
Beihai Park is a public park and former imperial garden located in the northwestern part of the Imperial City, Beijing.
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Beijing
Beijing, formerly romanized as Peking, is the capital of the People's Republic of China, the world's second most populous city proper, and most populous capital city.
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Bi (jade)
The bi is a type of circular ancient Chinese jade artifact.
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Bian Jingzhao
Bian Jingzhao, styled Wenjin (文进）, was a famed Chinese painter in the early Ming Dynasty. His birth and death years are unknown. He was a native of Longxi in Gansu Province 中国古代书画鑑定组: Page 8. and was active 1426-1435.Barnhart: Page 203. Image:Bian Jingzhao-Snow Plum and Twin Cranes.jpg|Snow Plum and Twin Cranes Image:Bian Jingzhao-Birds Flocking at Flowers and Bamboo.jpg|Birds Flocking at Flowers and Bamboo Image:Bian Wenjin, Three Friends and a Hundred Birds.jpg|Three Friends and One Hundred Birds Image:Bian Jingzhao and Wang Fu-Bamboo and Cranes Twin Clarity.jpg|Bamboo and Cranes - Twin Clarity.
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Bian lian
Bian Lian is an ancient Chinese dramatic art that is part of the more general Sichuan opera.
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Book of Documents
The Book of Documents (Shujing, earlier Shu-king) or Classic of History, also known as the Shangshu ("Esteemed Documents"), is one of the Five Classics of ancient Chinese literature.
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British Museum
The British Museum, located in the Bloomsbury area of London, United Kingdom, is a public institution dedicated to human history, art and culture.
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Buddhism
Buddhism is the world's fourth-largest religion with over 520 million followers, or over 7% of the global population, known as Buddhists.
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Burning of books and burying of scholars
The burning of books and burying of scholars refers to the supposed burning of texts in 213 BCE and live burial of 460 Confucian scholars in 212 BCE by the First Emperor of the Qin dynasty of ancient China.
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Calligraphy
Calligraphy (from Greek: καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing.
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Cambodia
Cambodia (កម្ពុជា, or Kampuchea:, Cambodge), officially known as the Kingdom of Cambodia (ព្រះរាជាណាចក្រកម្ពុជា, prĕəh riəciənaacak kampuciə,; Royaume du Cambodge), is a sovereign state located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.
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Camel
A camel is an even-toed ungulate in the genus Camelus that bears distinctive fatty deposits known as "humps" on its back.
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Camellia
Camellia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Theaceae.
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Candle
A candle is an ignitable wick embedded in wax, or another flammable solid substance such as tallow, that provides light, and in some cases, a fragrance.
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Cantonese
The Cantonese language is a variety of Chinese spoken in the city of Guangzhou (historically known as Canton) and its surrounding area in southeastern China.
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Cantonese cuisine
Cantonese cuisine (廣東菜), also known as Yue cuisine (粵菜) or Guangdong cuisine, refers to the cuisine of China's Guangdong Province, particularly the provincial capital, Guangzhou (Canton).
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Celestial Empire
The Celestial Empire was a name used to refer to China.
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Centimetre
A centimetre (international spelling as used by the International Bureau of Weights and Measures; symbol cm) or centimeter (American spelling) is a unit of length in the metric system, equal to one hundredth of a metre, centi being the SI prefix for a factor of.
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Central Asia
Central Asia stretches from the Caspian Sea in the west to China in the east and from Afghanistan in the south to Russia in the north.
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Chang'an
Chang'an was an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an.
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Chen Rong (painter)
Chen Rong (ca. 1200–1266)Barnhart, R. M. et al.
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Cheng Yi (philosopher)
Cheng Yi (1033–1107), courtesy name Zhengshu (正叔), also known as Yichuan Xiansheng (伊川先生), was a Chinese philosopher born in Luoyang during the Song Dynasty.
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Chenpi
Chenpi, chen pi, or chimpi is sun-dried tangerine peel used as a traditional seasoning in Chinese cooking and traditional medicine.
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Cheongsam
The cheongsam (from Cantonese;, or) is a body-hugging one-piece Chinese dress for women, also known as qipao (from Mandarin) or qípáo, and was ROC's mandarin gown.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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China Youth University of Political Studies
China Youth University of Political Studies is a university in Beijing, established in 1985 by the Communist Youth League of China.
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Chinatown
A Chinatown is an ethnic enclave of Chinese or Han people located outside mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, or Taiwan, most often in an urban setting.
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Chinese alchemy
Chinese alchemy is an ancient Chinese scientific and technological approach to alchemy, a part of the larger tradition of Taoist body-spirit cultivation developed from the traditional Chinese understanding of medicine and the body.
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Chinese architecture
Chinese architecture is a style of architecture that has taken shape in East Asia over many centuries.
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Chinese aristocrat cuisine
Chinese aristocrat cuisine traces its origin to the Ming and Qing dynasties when imperial officials stationed in Beijing brought their private chefs and such different variety of culinary styles mixed and developed over time and formed a unique breed of its own, and thus the Chinese aristocrat cuisine is often called private cuisine.
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Chinese art
Chinese art is visual art that, whether ancient or modern, originated in or is practiced in China or by Chinese artists.
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Chinese astrology
Chinese astrology is based on the traditional astronomy and calendars.
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Chinese astronomy
Astronomy in China has a long history, beginning from the Shang Dynasty (Chinese Bronze Age).
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Chinese Buddhism
Chinese Buddhism or Han Buddhism has shaped Chinese culture in a wide variety of areas including art, politics, literature, philosophy, medicine, and material culture.
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Chinese calendar
The traditional Chinese calendar (official Chinese name: Rural Calendar, alternately Former Calendar, Traditional Calendar, or Lunar Calendar) is a lunisolar calendar which reckons years, months and days according to astronomical phenomena.
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Chinese calligraphy
Chinese calligraphy is a form of aesthetically pleasing writing (calligraphy), or, the artistic expression of human language in a tangible form.
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Chinese ceramics
Chinese ceramics show a continuous development since pre-dynastic times and are one of the most significant forms of Chinese art and ceramics globally.
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Chinese characters
Chinese characters are logograms primarily used in the writing of Chinese and Japanese.
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Chinese classics
Chinese classic texts or canonical texts refers to the Chinese texts which originated before the imperial unification by the Qin dynasty in 221 BC, particularly the "Four Books and Five Classics" of the Neo-Confucian tradition, themselves a customary abridgment of the "Thirteen Classics".
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Chinese constellations
Traditional Chinese astronomy has a system of dividing the celestial sphere into asterisms or constellations, known as "officials" (Chinese xīng guān).
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Chinese cooking techniques
Chinese cooking techniques are a set of methods and techniques traditionally used in Chinese cuisine.
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Chinese cuisine
Chinese cuisine is an important part of Chinese culture, which includes cuisine originating from the diverse regions of China, as well as from Chinese people in other parts of the world.
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Chinese dominoes
Chinese dominoes are used in several tile-based games, namely, Tien Gow, Pai Gow, Tiu U and Kap Tai Shap.
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Chinese dragon
Chinese dragons or East Asian dragons are legendary creatures in Chinese mythology, Chinese folklore, and East Asian culture at large.
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Chinese dress
Chinese dress may refer to.
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Chinese emigration
Waves of Chinese emigration (also known as the Chinese diaspora) have happened throughout history.
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Chinese folk art
Chinese folk art are artistic forms inherited from a regional or ethnic scene in China.
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Chinese folklore
Chinese folklore encompasses the folklore of China, and includes songs, poetry, dances, puppetry, and tales.
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Chinese furniture
The forms of Chinese furniture evolved along three distinct lineages which dates back to 1000 BC, based on frame and panel, yoke and rack (based on post and rail seen in architecture) and bamboo construction techniques.
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Chinese garden
The Chinese garden is a landscape garden style which has evolved over three thousand years.
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Chinese guardian lions
Chinese guardian lions or Imperial guardian lions, often miscalled "Foo Dogs" in the West, are a common representation of the lion in imperial China.
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Chinese lacquerware table
This carved lacquerware table in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London is from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).
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Chinese language
Chinese is a group of related, but in many cases mutually unintelligible, language varieties, forming a branch of the Sino-Tibetan language family.
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Chinese law
Chinese law is one of the oldest legal traditions in the world.
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Chinese literature
The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, from the earliest recorded dynastic court archives to the mature vernacular fiction novels that arose during the Ming Dynasty to entertain the masses of literate Chinese.
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Chinese marriage
Traditional Chinese marriage, as opposed to marriage in modern China, is a ceremonial ritual within Chinese societies that involve a union between spouses, sometimes established by pre-arrangement between families.
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Chinese martial arts
Chinese martial arts, often named under the umbrella terms kung fu and wushu, are the several hundred fighting styles that have developed over the centuries in China.
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Chinese mathematics
Mathematics in China emerged independently by the 11th century BC.
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Chinese name
Chinese personal names are names used by those from mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and the Chinese diaspora overseas.
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Chinese nationalism
Chinese nationalism is the form of nationalism in China which asserts that the Chinese people are a nation and promotes the cultural and national unity of the Chinese.
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Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year, usually known as the Spring Festival in modern China, is an important Chinese festival celebrated at the turn of the traditional lunisolar Chinese calendar.
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Chinese numerology
In Chinese tradition, certain numbers are believed by some to be auspicious (吉利) or inauspicious (不利) based on the Chinese word that the number sounds similar to.
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Chinese opera
Traditional Chinese opera, or Xiqu, is a popular form of drama and musical theatre in China with roots going back to the early periods in China.
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Chinese painting
Chinese painting is one of the oldest continuous artistic traditions in the world.
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Chinese paper cutting
The art of paper-cutting (jiǎnzhǐ 剪纸) in China may date back to the second century C.E., since paper was invented by Cai Lun in the Eastern Han Dynasty in China.
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Chinese people
Chinese people are the various individuals or ethnic groups associated with China, usually through ancestry, ethnicity, nationality, citizenship or other affiliation.
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Chinese philosophy
Chinese philosophy originates in the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States period, during a period known as the "Hundred Schools of Thought", which was characterized by significant intellectual and cultural developments.
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Chinese poetry
Chinese poetry is poetry written, spoken, or chanted in the Chinese language.
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Chinese script styles
In Chinese calligraphy, Chinese characters can be written according to five major styles.
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Chinese Singaporeans
Chinese Singaporeans or Singaporean Chinese are people of full or partial Chineseparticularly Han Chineseancestry who hold Singaporean nationality.
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Chinese sovereign
The Chinese sovereign is the ruler of a particular period in ancient China.
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Chinese surname
Chinese surnames are used by Han Chinese and Sinicized ethnic groups in Mainland China, Hong Kong, Macau, Malaysia, Brunei, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam and among overseas Chinese communities.
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Chinese temple architecture
Chinese temple architecture refer to a type of structures used as place of worship of Chinese Buddhism, Taoism or Chinese folk religion/Shenism, where people revere ethnic Chinese gods and ancestors.
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Chinese units of measurement
Chinese units of measurement, known in Chinese as the shìzhì ("market system"), are the traditional units of measurement of the Han Chinese.
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Chinese variety art
Chinese variety art refers to a wide range of acrobatic acts, balancing acts and other demonstrations of physical skill traditionally performed by a troupe in China.
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Chongqing
Chongqing, formerly romanized as Chungking, is a major city in southwest China.
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Chopsticks
Chopsticks are shaped pairs of equal-length sticks that have been used as kitchen and eating utensils in virtually all of East Asia for over 2000 years.
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Chuanqi
Chuanqi was first a form of short story in the classical language which developed in the Tang dynasty, and then a form of Chinese opera from then onwards.
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Ci (poetry)
Cí (pronounced) is a type of lyric poetry in the tradition of Classical Chinese poetry.
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Classic Chinese Novels
In sinology, the Classic Chinese Novels are two sets of the four or six best-known traditional Chinese novels.
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Classic of Poetry
The Classic of Poetry, also Shijing or Shih-ching, translated variously as the Book of Songs, Book of Odes, or simply known as the Odes or Poetry is the oldest existing collection of Chinese poetry, comprising 305 works dating from the 11th to 7th centuries BC.
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Classical Chinese
Classical Chinese, also known as Literary Chinese, is the language of the classic literature from the end of the Spring and Autumn period through to the end of the Han Dynasty, a written form of Old Chinese.
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Classical Chinese poetry
Attributed to Han Gan, ''Huiyebai (Night-Shining White Steed)'', about 750 CE (Tang Dynasty). Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry written in Classical Chinese and typified by certain traditional forms, or modes; traditional genres; and connections with particular historical periods, such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty.
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Classical Chinese poetry forms
Classical Chinese poetry forms are those poetry forms, or modes which typify the traditional Chinese poems written in Literary Chinese or Classical Chinese.
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Color in Chinese culture
Color in Chinese culture refers to the certain values that Chinese culture attaches to colors, like which colors are considered auspicious (吉利) or inauspicious (不利).
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Commercialism
Commercialism is the application of both manufacturing and consumption towards personal usage, or the practices, methods, aims, and spirit of free enterprise geared toward generating profit.
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Concubinage
Concubinage is an interpersonal and sexual relationship in which the couple are not or cannot be married.
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Confucianism
Confucianism, also known as Ruism, is described as tradition, a philosophy, a religion, a humanistic or rationalistic religion, a way of governing, or simply a way of life.
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Confucius
Confucius (551–479 BC) was a Chinese teacher, editor, politician, and philosopher of the Spring and Autumn period of Chinese history.
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Cong (vessel)
A cong is a form of ancient Chinese jade artifact.
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Coromandel lacquer
Coromandel lacquer is a type of Chinese lacquerware, latterly mainly made for export, so called only in the West because it was shipped to European markets via the Coromandel coast of south-east India, where the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) and its rivals from a number of European powers had bases in the 18th century.
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Courtesan
A courtesan was originally a courtier, which means a person who attends the court of a monarch or other powerful person.
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Cradle of civilization
The term "cradle of civilization" refers to locations where, according to current archeological data, civilization is understood to have emerged.
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Culture of Hunan
The culture of Hunan (湖湘文化) refers to the culture of the people based in Hunan province.
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Culture of Jiangxi
The culture of Jiangxi refers to the culture of the people based in Jiangxi.
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Customs and etiquette in Chinese dining
Customs and etiquette in Chinese dining are the traditional behaviors observed while eating in Greater China.
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Decorative arts
The decorative arts are arts or crafts concerned with the design and manufacture of beautiful objects that are also functional.
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Di (Chinese concept)
Di (Chinese: 地, p Dì, w Ti, lit. "earth") is one of the oldest Chinese terms for the earth and a key concept or figure in Chinese mythology and religion.
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Diabolo
The diabolo (commonly misspelled diablo) is a juggling or circus prop consisting of an axle and two cups (hourglass/egg timer shaped) or discs derived from the Chinese yo-yo.
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Dragon
A dragon is a large, serpent-like legendary creature that appears in the folklore of many cultures around the world.
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Dragon dance
Dragon dance is a form of traditional dance and performance in Chinese culture.
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Dream Pool Essays
The Dream Pool Essays or Dream Torrent Essays (Pinyin: Mèng Xī Bǐ Tán; Wade-Giles: Meng⁴ Hsi¹ Pi³-t'an²; Chinese: 夢溪筆談／梦溪笔谈) was an extensive book written by the Han Chinese polymath, genius, scientist and statesman Shen Kuo (1031-1095) by 1088 AD, during the Song dynasty (960-1279) of China.
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Du Fu
Du Fu (Wade–Giles: Tu Fu;; 712 – 770) was a prominent Chinese poet of the Tang dynasty.
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Dunhuang manuscripts
The Dunhuang manuscripts are a cache of important religious and secular documents discovered in the Mogao Caves of Dunhuang, China, in the early 20th century.
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Dynasties in Chinese history
The following is a chronology of the dynasties in Chinese History.
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Dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers from the same family,Oxford English Dictionary, "dynasty, n." Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1897.
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East Asia
East Asia is the eastern subregion of the Asian continent, which can be defined in either geographical or ethno-cultural "The East Asian cultural sphere evolves when Japan, Korea, and what is today Vietnam all share adapted elements of Chinese civilization of this period (that of the Tang dynasty), in particular Buddhism, Confucian social and political values, and literary Chinese and its writing system." terms.
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East Asian cultural sphere
The "Sinosphere", or "East Asian cultural sphere", refers to a grouping of countries and regions in East Asia that were historically influenced by the Chinese culture.
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Economy of China
The socialist market economy of the People's Republic of China is the world's second largest economy by nominal GDP and the world's largest economy by purchasing power parity according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), although China's National Bureau of Statistics denies the latter assessment.
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Edomoji
are Japanese lettering styles, which were invented for advertising in the Edo period.
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Eggplant
Eggplant (Solanum melongena) or aubergine is a species of nightshade grown for its edible fruit.
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Eight Banners
The Eight Banners (in Manchu: jakūn gūsa) were administrative/military divisions under the Qing dynasty into which all Manchu households were placed.
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Eighteen Arms of Wushu
The Eighteen Arms is a list of the eighteen main weapons of Chinese martial arts.
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Emperor Jing of Han
Emperor Jing of Han (188 BC – 9 March 141 BC), personal name Liu Qi (劉啟), was the sixth emperor of the Chinese Han dynasty from 157 to 141 BC.
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Emperor of China
The Emperor or Huangdi was the secular imperial title of the Chinese sovereign reigning between the founding of the Qin dynasty that unified China in 221 BC, until the abdication of Puyi in 1912 following the Xinhai Revolution and the establishment of the Republic of China, although it was later restored twice in two failed revolutions in 1916 and 1917.
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Empress Dowager Cixi
Empress Dowager Cixi1 (Manchu: Tsysi taiheo; 29 November 1835 – 15 November 1908), of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a Chinese empress dowager and regent who effectively controlled the Chinese government in the late Qing dynasty for 47 years from 1861 until her death in 1908.
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Engraved gem
An engraved gem, frequently referred to as an intaglio, is a small and usually semi-precious gemstone that has been carved, in the Western tradition normally with images or inscriptions only on one face.
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Erhu
The erhu is a two-stringed bowed musical instrument, more specifically a spike fiddle, which may also be called a Southern Fiddle, and sometimes known in the Western world as the Chinese violin or a Chinese two-stringed fiddle.
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Ethnic group
An ethnic group, or an ethnicity, is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities such as common ancestry, language, history, society, culture or nation.
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Ethnological Museum of Berlin
The Ethnological Museum of Berlin (Ethnologisches Museum Berlin.) is one of the Berlin State Museums (Staatliche Museen zu Berlin.), the de facto national collection of the Federal Republic of Germany.
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Exorcism
Exorcism (from Greek εξορκισμός, exorkismós "binding by oath") is the religious or spiritual practice of evicting demons or other spiritual entities from a person, or an area, that are believed to be possessed.
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Feng shui
Feng shui (pronounced), also known as Chinese geomancy, is a pseudoscience originating from China, which claims to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their surrounding environment.
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Fenghuang
Fenghuang are mythological birds of East Asia that reign over all other birds.
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Fenghuang County
Fenghuang County is a county of Hunan Province, China, it is under the administration of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture.
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Fermented bean curd
Fermented tofu (also called fermented bean curd, tofu cheese, soy cheese or preserved tofu) is a Chinese condiment consisting of a form of processed, preserved tofu used in East Asian cuisine.
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Festival
A festival is an event ordinarily celebrated by a community and centering on some characteristic aspect of that community and its religion or cultures.
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Feudalism
Feudalism was a combination of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries.
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Fine art
In European academic traditions, fine art is art developed primarily for aesthetics or beauty, distinguishing it from applied art, which also has to serve some practical function, such as pottery or most metalwork.
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Five Animals
In the Chinese martial arts, imagery of the Five Animals—Tiger, Crane, Leopard, Snake, and Dragon—appears predominantly in Southern styles, especially those associated with Guangdong and Fujian Provinces.
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Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was an era of political upheaval in 10th-century Imperial China.
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Flame
A flame (from Latin flamma) is the visible, gaseous part of a fire.
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Forbidden City
The Forbidden City is a palace complex in central Beijing, China.
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Four Books and Five Classics
The Four Books and Five Classics are the authoritative books of Confucianism in China written before 300 BC.
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Four Great Books of Song
The Four Great Books of Song was compiled by Li Fang (925–996) and others during the Song dynasty (960–1279).
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Four occupations
The four occupations or "four categories of the people"Hansson, pp.
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Four Pillars of Destiny
The Four Pillars of Destiny is a Chinese astrological concept that a person's destiny or fate can be divined by the two sexagenary cycle characters assigned to their birth year, month, day, and hour.
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Four Symbols (China)
The Four Symbols (literally meaning "four images") are four mythological creatures in the Chinese constellations.
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Fu (poetry)
Fu, sometimes translated "rhapsody" or "poetic exposition", is a form of Chinese rhymed prose that was the dominant literary form during the Han dynasty (206AD220).
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Fujian cuisine
Fujian cuisine or Fujianese cuisine, also known as Min cuisine or Hokkien cuisine, is one of the native Chinese cuisines derived from the native cooking style of China's Fujian Province, most notably from the provincial capital, Fuzhou.
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Furniture
Furniture refers to movable objects intended to support various human activities such as seating (e.g., chairs, stools, and sofas), eating (tables), and sleeping (e.g., beds).
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Gaiwan
A gaiwan or zhong is a Chinese lidded bowl without handle used for the infusion of tea leaves and the consumption of tea.
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Gan Chinese
Gan is a group of Chinese varieties spoken as the native language by many people in the Jiangxi province of China, as well as significant populations in surrounding regions such as Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, and Fujian.
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Gautama Buddha
Gautama Buddha (c. 563/480 – c. 483/400 BCE), also known as Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha, or simply the Buddha, after the title of Buddha, was an ascetic (śramaṇa) and sage, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded.
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Ginger
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a flowering plant whose rhizome, ginger root or simply ginger, is widely used as a spice or a folk medicine.
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Go (game)
Go is an abstract strategy board game for two players, in which the aim is to surround more territory than the opponent.
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Golden Age
The term Golden Age comes from Greek mythology, particularly the Works and Days of Hesiod, and is part of the description of temporal decline of the state of peoples through five Ages, Gold being the first and the one during which the Golden Race of humanity (chrýseon génos) lived.
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Great Tang Records on the Western Regions
The Great Tang Records on the Western Regions is a narrative of Xuanzang's nineteen-year journey from Chang'an in central China to the Western Regions of Chinese historiography.
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Guangdong
Guangdong is a province in South China, located on the South China Sea coast.
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Guangdong Museum
The Guangdong Museum (Chinese: 广东省博物馆) is a general museum in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Guanxi
Guanxi describes the rudimentary dynamic in personalized social networks of influence (which can be best described as the relationships individuals cultivate with other individuals) and is a central idea in Chinese society.
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Guanyin
Guanyin or Guan Yin is an East Asian bodhisattva associated with compassion and venerated by Mahayana Buddhists and followers of Chinese folk religions, also known as the "Goddess of Mercy" in English.
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Guo Xi
Guo Xi (1020 – c. 1090)Barnhart: Page 372.
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Guqin
The guqin is a plucked seven-string Chinese musical instrument of the zither family.
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Guzheng
The guzheng, also known as the Chinese zither, is a Chinese plucked string instrument with a more than 2,500-year history.
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Haipai
Haipai (海派, Shanghainese: hepha,; literally "Shanghai style") refers to the avant-garde but unique "East Meets West" culture from Shanghai in the 20th and 21st centuries.
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Hakka Chinese
Hakka, also rendered Kejia, is one of the major groups of varieties of Chinese, spoken natively by the Hakka people throughout southern China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and throughout the diaspora areas of East Asia, Southeast Asia, and in overseas Chinese communities around the world.
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Hakka culture
Hakka culture (t) refers to the culture created by Hakka people, a Han Chinese subgroup, across Asia.
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Han Chinese
The Han Chinese,.
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Han Chinese subgroups
The sub groups of the Han Chinese people, also known as Chinese dialect groups or just dialect groups, are defined based on linguistic, cultural, genetic, and regional features.
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Han dynasty
The Han dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China (206 BC–220 AD), preceded by the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms period (220–280 AD). Spanning over four centuries, the Han period is considered a golden age in Chinese history. To this day, China's majority ethnic group refers to themselves as the "Han Chinese" and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han, and briefly interrupted by the Xin dynasty (9–23 AD) of the former regent Wang Mang. This interregnum separates the Han dynasty into two periods: the Western Han or Former Han (206 BC–9 AD) and the Eastern Han or Later Han (25–220 AD). The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the Qin known as commanderies, and a number of semi-autonomous kingdoms. These kingdoms gradually lost all vestiges of their independence, particularly following the Rebellion of the Seven States. From the reign of Emperor Wu (r. 141–87 BC) onward, the Chinese court officially sponsored Confucianism in education and court politics, synthesized with the cosmology of later scholars such as Dong Zhongshu. This policy endured until the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 AD. The Han dynasty saw an age of economic prosperity and witnessed a significant growth of the money economy first established during the Zhou dynasty (c. 1050–256 BC). The coinage issued by the central government mint in 119 BC remained the standard coinage of China until the Tang dynasty (618–907 AD). The period saw a number of limited institutional innovations. To finance its military campaigns and the settlement of newly conquered frontier territories, the Han government nationalized the private salt and iron industries in 117 BC, but these government monopolies were repealed during the Eastern Han dynasty. Science and technology during the Han period saw significant advances, including the process of papermaking, the nautical steering ship rudder, the use of negative numbers in mathematics, the raised-relief map, the hydraulic-powered armillary sphere for astronomy, and a seismometer for measuring earthquakes employing an inverted pendulum. The Xiongnu, a nomadic steppe confederation, defeated the Han in 200 BC and forced the Han to submit as a de facto inferior partner, but continued their raids on the Han borders. Emperor Wu launched several military campaigns against them. The ultimate Han victory in these wars eventually forced the Xiongnu to accept vassal status as Han tributaries. These campaigns expanded Han sovereignty into the Tarim Basin of Central Asia, divided the Xiongnu into two separate confederations, and helped establish the vast trade network known as the Silk Road, which reached as far as the Mediterranean world. The territories north of Han's borders were quickly overrun by the nomadic Xianbei confederation. Emperor Wu also launched successful military expeditions in the south, annexing Nanyue in 111 BC and Dian in 109 BC, and in the Korean Peninsula where the Xuantu and Lelang Commanderies were established in 108 BC. After 92 AD, the palace eunuchs increasingly involved themselves in court politics, engaging in violent power struggles between the various consort clans of the empresses and empresses dowager, causing the Han's ultimate downfall. Imperial authority was also seriously challenged by large Daoist religious societies which instigated the Yellow Turban Rebellion and the Five Pecks of Rice Rebellion. Following the death of Emperor Ling (r. 168–189 AD), the palace eunuchs suffered wholesale massacre by military officers, allowing members of the aristocracy and military governors to become warlords and divide the empire. When Cao Pi, King of Wei, usurped the throne from Emperor Xian, the Han dynasty would eventually collapse and ceased to exist.
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Han Taiwanese
Han Taiwanese or Taiwanese Hans (Mandarin: 臺灣漢人) are Taiwanese people of Han (Mandarin: 漢人) descent, the largest ethnic group in the world.
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Handedness
In human biology, handedness is a better, faster, or more precise performance or individual preference for use of a hand, known as the dominant hand; the less capable or less preferred hand is called the non-dominant hand.
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Hanfu
Hanfu is a term associated with the Hanfu movement used to refer to the historical/traditional dress of the Han people.
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Hanfu movement
The Hanfu movement is a neo-traditionalist and racial nationalist social movement that has developed in China since the beginning of the 21st century.
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Hangzhou
Hangzhou (Mandarin:; local dialect: /ɦɑŋ tseɪ/) formerly romanized as Hangchow, is the capital and most populous city of Zhejiang Province in East China.
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Hardstone
Hardstone is an unscientific term, mostly encountered in the decorative arts or archaeology, that has a similar meaning to semi-precious stones, or gemstones.
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Hardstone carving
Hardstone carving is a general term in art history and archaeology for the artistic carving of predominantly semi-precious stones (but also of gemstones), such as jade, rock crystal (clear quartz), agate, onyx, jasper, serpentine, or carnelian, and for an object made in this way.
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Hay
Hay is grass, legumes, or other herbaceous plants that have been cut, dried, and stored for use as animal fodder, particularly for grazing animals such as cattle, horses, goats, and sheep.
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Henan
Henan is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the central part of the country.
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Hickory
Hickory is a type of tree, comprising the genus Carya (κάρυον, káryon, meaning "nut").
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Hinge
A hinge is a mechanical bearing that connects two solid objects, typically allowing only a limited angle of rotation between them.
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History of China
The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC,William G. Boltz, Early Chinese Writing, World Archaeology, Vol.
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History of Chinese cuisine
The history of Chinese cuisine is marked by both variety and change.
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History of Chinese dance
Dance in China has a long recorded history.
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History of education in China
The history of education in China began with the birth of the Chinese civilization.
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History of science and technology in China
Ancient Chinese scientists and engineers made significant scientific innovations, findings and technological advances across various scientific disciplines including the natural sciences, engineering, medicine, military technology, mathematics, geology and astronomy.
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Hokkien culture
Minnan culture or Hokkien/Hoklo culture (Hokkien Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Bân-lâm bûn-hòa), also considered as the Mainstream Southern Min Culture, refers to the culture of the Hoklo people, a group of Han Chinese people who have historically been the dominant demographic in the province of Fujian (called "Hokkien" in the Hoklo language) in Southern China, Taiwan, Singapore, and certain overseas Chinese communities in Southeast Asia.
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Hongcun
Hongcun (lit. "Hong village") is a village in Yi County in the historical Huizhou region of southern Anhui Province, China, near the southwest slope of Mount Huangshan.
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Hot air balloon
A hot air balloon is a lighter-than-air aircraft consisting of a bag, called an envelope, which contains heated air.
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Hu Shih
Hu Shih (17 December 1891 – 24 February 1962) was a Chinese philosopher, essayist and diplomat.
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Huaben
A huaben is a Chinese short or medium length story or novella written mostly in vernacular language, sometimes including simple classical language.
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Huaiyang cuisine
Huaiyang cuisine (淮揚菜) is one of the Four Great Traditions in Chinese cuisine.
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Huang (jade)
A huang (璜) is a Chinese arc-shaped jade artifact that was used as a pendant.
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Huang–Lao
Huang–Lao or Huanglao was the most influential Chinese school of thought in the early 2nd-century BCE Han dynasty, having its origins in a broader political-philosophical drive looking for solutions to strengthen the feudal order as depicted in Zhou propaganda.
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Huizhou Chinese
Huizhou or Hui, is a group of closely related varieties of Chinese spoken over a small area in and around the historical region of Huizhou (for which it is named), in about ten or so mountainous counties in southern Anhui, plus a few more in neighbouring Zhejiang and Jiangxi.
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Hun and po
Hun and po are types of souls in Chinese philosophy and traditional religion.
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Hunan cuisine
Hunan cuisine, also known as Xiang cuisine, consists of the cuisines of the Xiang River region, Dongting Lake and western Hunan Province in China.
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Hundred Schools of Thought
The Hundred Schools of Thought were philosophies and schools that flourished from the 6th century to 221 BC, during the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period of ancient China.
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Hutong
Hutong are a type of narrow street or alley commonly associated with northern Chinese cities, especially Beijing.
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I Ching
The I Ching,.
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Imperial Chinese Tributary System
The Imperial Chinese Tributary System is a term created by John King Fairbank to describe "a set of ideas and practices developed and perpetuated by the rulers of China over many centuries".
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Imperial examination
The Chinese imperial examinations were a civil service examination system in Imperial China to select candidates for the state bureaucracy.
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Imperial examination in Chinese mythology
The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in Imperial China designed to select the best potential candidates to serve as administrative officials, for the purpose of recruiting them for the state's bureaucracy.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Ink wash painting
Ink wash painting, also known as literati painting, is an East Asian type of brush painting of Chinese origin that uses black ink—the same as used in East Asian calligraphy—in various concentrations.
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Inkstone
An inkstone is a stone mortar for the grinding and containment of ink.
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Intellectual
An intellectual is a person who engages in critical thinking, research, and reflection about society and proposes solutions for its normative problems.
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Jade
Jade is an ornamental mineral, mostly known for its green varieties, which is featured prominently in ancient Asian art.
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Jade burial suit
A jade burial suit is a ceremonial suit made of pieces of jade in which royal members in Han dynasty China were buried.
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Jade Emperor
The Jade Emperor (or 玉帝) in Chinese culture, traditional religions and myth is one of the representations of the first god (太帝). In Daoist theology he is the assistant of Yuanshi Tianzun, who is one of the Three Pure Ones, the three primordial emanations of the Tao.
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Jadeite
Jadeite is a pyroxene mineral with composition NaAlSi2O6.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Japanese architecture
has traditionally been typified by wooden structures, elevated slightly off the ground, with tiled or thatched roofs.
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Japanese lacquerware
is a Japanese craft with a wide range of fine and decorative arts, as lacquer has been used in urushi-e, prints, and on a wide variety of objects from Buddha statues to bento boxes for food.
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Jiangshi
A jiangshi, also known as a Chinese "hopping" vampire, is a type of reanimated corpse in Chinese legends and folklore.
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Jiangsu cuisine
Jiangsu cuisine (蘇菜), also known as Su cuisine, is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine.
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Jin Chinese
Jin is a group of Chinese dialects or languages spoken by roughly 63 million people in northern China.
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Jin Ping Mei
Jin Ping Mei — translated into English as The Plum in the Golden Vase or The Golden Lotus — is a Chinese novel of manners composed in vernacular Chinese during the late Ming dynasty (1368–1644).
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John Wiley & Sons
John Wiley & Sons, Inc., also referred to as Wiley, is a global publishing company that specializes in academic publishing.
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Journey to the West
Journey to the West is a Chinese novel published in the 16th century during the Ming dynasty and attributed to Wu Cheng'en.
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Kangxi Emperor
The Kangxi Emperor (康熙; 4 May 165420 December 1722), personal name Xuanye, was the fourth emperor of the Qing dynasty, the first to be born on Chinese soil south of the Shanhai Pass near Beijing, and the second Qing emperor to rule over that part of China, from 1661 to 1722.
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King Jing of Zhou (Gui)
King Jing of Zhou,, or King Ching of Chou, was the twenty-fourth king of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the twelfth of Eastern Zhou.
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Koi pond
Koi ponds are ponds used for holding koi, usually as part of a landscape.
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Korea
Korea is a region in East Asia; since 1945 it has been divided into two distinctive sovereign states: North Korea and South Korea.
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Korean architecture
Korean architecture refers to the built environment of Korea from c. 30,000 BC to the present.
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Korean jade carving
The tradition of Korean jade carving dates back to neolithic finds along the Namgang river basin in Gyeongju.
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Kung fu (term)
In general, kung fu/kungfu or gung fu/gongfu (or;, Pinyin: gōngfu) refers to the Chinese martial arts, also called wushu and quanfa.
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Lacquerware
Lacquerware are objects decoratively covered with lacquer.
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Lake Tai
Lake Tai or Lake Taihu is a large freshwater lake in the Yangtze Delta plain.
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Landlord
A landlord is the owner of a house, apartment, condominium, land or real estate which is rented or leased to an individual or business, who is called a tenant (also a lessee or renter).
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Lantern
Today, English-speakers use the term lantern to describe many types of portable lighting, but lanterns originated as a protective enclosure for a light source—usually a candle or a wick in oil—to make it easier to carry and hang up, and more reliable outdoors or in drafty interiors.
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Lantern Festival
The Lantern Festival or the Spring Lantern Festival is a Chinese festival celebrated on the fifteenth day of the first month in the lunisolar Chinese calendar.
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Laozi
Laozi (. Collins English Dictionary.; also Lao-Tzu,. Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary.. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2016. or Lao-Tze;, literally "Old Master") was an ancient Chinese philosopher and writer.
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Legalism (Chinese philosophy)
Fajia or Legalism is one of Sima Tan's six classical schools of thought in Chinese philosophy.
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Leizu
Leizu, also known as Xi Lingshi (Wade–Giles Hsi Ling-shih), was a legendary Chinese empress and wife of the Yellow Emperor.
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Lessons for Women
Lessons for Women, also translated as Admonitions for Women, Women's Pre-cepts, or Warnings for Women, is a work by the Han dynasty female intellectual Ban Zhao.
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Li (unit)
The li (lǐ, or 市里, shìlǐ), also known as the Chinese mile, is a traditional Chinese unit of distance.
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Li Bai
Li Bai (701–762), also known as Li Bo, Li Po and Li Taibai, was a Chinese poet acclaimed from his own day to the present as a genius and a romantic figure who took traditional poetic forms to new heights.
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Li Yu (Southern Tang)
Li Yu (937 – 15 August 978), before 961 known as Li Congjia (李從嘉), also known as Li Houzhu (李後主; literally "Last Ruler Li" or "Last Lord Li"), was the third rulerUnlike his father and grandfather, Li Yu never ruled as an emperor.
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Liang dynasty
The Liang dynasty (502–557), also known as the Southern Liang dynasty (南梁), was the third of the Southern Dynasties during China's Southern and Northern Dynasties period.
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Liangzhu culture
The Liangzhu culture (3400–2250 BC) was the last Neolithic jade culture in the Yangtze River Delta of China.
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Lifestyle (sociology)
Lifestyle is the interests, opinions, behaviours, and behavioural orientations of an individual, group, or culture.
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Lin Liang
Lin Liang (ca. 1424－1500) was a Chinese imperial painter of plum, flower, and fruit works during the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644).
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Lingnan culture
The Lingnan culture or Cantonese culture, refers to the regional Chinese culture of the Southern Chinese/Lingnan twin provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi.
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Lion dance
Lion dance is a form of traditional dance in Chinese culture and other Asian countries in which performers mimic a lion's movements in a lion costume to bring good luck and fortune.
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List of Chinese musical instruments
Chinese musical instruments were traditionally grouped into 8 categories known as bayin (八音).
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List of Confucianists
This is a partial list of people who follow Confucianism, selected for their influence on that belief, or for their fame in other areas.
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List of contemporary ethnic groups
The following is a list of contemporary ethnic groups.
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List of ethnic groups in China and Taiwan
Multiple ethnic groups populate China, where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal names, the People's Republic of China (China) and the Republic of China (Taiwan).
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List of Paleolithic sites in China
This is a list of Paleolithic sites in China that have been discovered by archaeologists.
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List of Taoists
List of Taoists contains list of historical figures in Taoism.
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Literacy
Literacy is traditionally meant as the ability to read and write.
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Logic
Logic (from the logikḗ), originally meaning "the word" or "what is spoken", but coming to mean "thought" or "reason", is a subject concerned with the most general laws of truth, and is now generally held to consist of the systematic study of the form of valid inference.
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Longmen Grottoes
The Longmen Grottoes (literally Dragon's Gate Grottoes) or Longmen Caves are some of the finest examples of Chinese Buddhist art.
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Lu Xun
Lu Xun (Wade–Giles romanisation: Lu Hsün) was the pen name of Zhou Shuren (25 September 1881 – 19 October 1936), a leading figure of modern Chinese literature.
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Lychee
Lychee (variously spelled litchi, liechee, liche, lizhi or li zhi, or lichee) (Litchi chinensis) is the sole member of the genus Litchi in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae.
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Lyric poetry
Lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings, typically spoken in the first person.
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Mahjong
Mahjong (Mandarin) is a tile-based game which was developed in China in the Qing dynasty and has spread throughout the world since the early 20th century.
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Mahjong solitaire
Mahjong solitaire is a single-player matching game that uses a set of mahjong tiles rather than cards.
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Malaysia
Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia.
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Malaysian Chinese
The Malaysian Chinese consist of people of full or partial Chinese—particularly Han Chinese—ancestry who were born in or immigrated to Malaysia.
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Manchu language
Manchu (Manchu: manju gisun) is a critically endangered Tungusic language spoken in Manchuria; it was the native language of the Manchus and one of the official languages of the Qing dynasty (1636–1911) of China.
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Manchu people
The Manchu are an ethnic minority in China and the people from whom Manchuria derives its name.
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Mandarin Chinese
Mandarin is a group of related varieties of Chinese spoken across most of northern and southwestern China.
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Mandate of Heaven
The Mandate of Heaven or Tian Ming is a Chinese political and religious doctrine used since ancient times to justify the rule of the King or Emperor of China.
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Mao Yi
Mao Yi (born 16 September 1999) is a Chinese artistic gymnast.
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May Fourth Movement
The May Fourth Movement was an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing out of student participants in Beijing on 4 May 1919, protesting against the Chinese government's weak response to the Treaty of Versailles, especially allowing Japan to receive territories in Shandong which had been surrendered by Germany after the Siege of Tsingtao.
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Menshen
Menshen or door gods are divine guardians of doors and gates in Chinese folk religions, used to protect against evil influences or to encourage the entrance of positive ones.
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Merchant
A merchant is a person who trades in commodities produced by other people.
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Meritocracy
Meritocracy (merit, from Latin mereō, and -cracy, from Ancient Greek κράτος "strength, power") is a political philosophy which holds that certain things, such as economic goods or power, should be vested in individuals on the basis of talent, effort and achievement, rather than factors such as sexuality, race, gender or wealth.
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Methods of divination
Innumerable methods of divination can be found around the world, and many cultures practice the same methods under different names.
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Metre
The metre (British spelling and BIPM spelling) or meter (American spelling) (from the French unit mètre, from the Greek noun μέτρον, "measure") is the base unit of length in some metric systems, including the International System of Units (SI).
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Metre (poetry)
In poetry, metre is the basic rhythmic structure of a verse or lines in verse.
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Ming dynasty
The Ming dynasty was the ruling dynasty of China – then known as the – for 276 years (1368–1644) following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
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Ming dynasty painting
During the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), Chinese painting progressed further basing on the achievements in painted art during the earlier Song dynasty and Yuan dynasty.
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Mining
Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit.
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Minneapolis Institute of Art
The Minneapolis Institute of Art (Mia), formerly known as the Minneapolis Institute of Arts, is a fine art museum located in the Whittier neighborhood of Minneapolis, Minnesota, on a campus that covers nearly 8 acres (32,000 m²), formerly Morrison Park.
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Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang
The Miscellaneous Morsels from Youyang is a miscellany of Chinese and foreign legends and hearsay, reports on natural phenomena, short anecdotes, and tales of the wondrous and mundane, as well as notes on such topics as medicinal herbs and tattoos.
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Mock duck
Mock duck is a gluten-based vegetarian food. It is made of wheat gluten, oil, sugar, soy sauce, and salt. It is thus high in protein. Its distinctive flavor and artificial "plucked duck" texture distinguish it from other forms of commercially available gluten products. Mock duck can be found in some Chinese grocery stores or retail outlets providing international selections of food. Similar products may be labeled as "Mock Abalone" or "Cha'i Pow Yu" (齋鮑魚; pinyin: zhāibàoyú). Typically, mock duck gains its flavor from the stewing of the gluten product in soy sauce and MSG. A variation of mock duck made from tofu skin is also popular.
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Mogwai (Chinese culture)
The word mogwai is the transliteration of the Cantonese word 魔鬼 (Jyutping: mo1 gwai2; Standard Chinese: 魔鬼; pinyin: móguǐ) meaning "monster", "evil spirit", "devil" or "demon".
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Movable type
Movable type (US English; moveable type in British English) is the system and technology of printing and typography that uses movable components to reproduce the elements of a document (usually individual letters or punctuation) usually on the medium of paper.
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Mozi
Mozi (Latinized as Micius; c. 470 – c. 391 BC), original name Mo Di (墨翟), was a Chinese philosopher during the Hundred Schools of Thought period (early Warring States period).
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Mozi (book)
The Mozi is an ancient Chinese text from the Warring States period (476221) that expounds the philosophy of Mohism.
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Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
The Museum of Fine Arts in Boston, Massachusetts, is the fifth largest museum in the United States.
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Music
Music is an art form and cultural activity whose medium is sound organized in time.
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Music of China
Music of China refers to the music of the Chinese people, which may be the music of the Han Chinese as well as other ethnic minorities within mainland China.
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Musical instrument
A musical instrument is an instrument created or adapted to make musical sounds.
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Myanmar
Myanmar, officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar and also known as Burma, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia.
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Nacre
Nacre (also), also known as mother of pearl, is an organic-inorganic composite material produced by some molluscs as an inner shell layer; it also makes up the outer coating of pearls.
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Narrative
A narrative or story is a report of connected events, real or imaginary, presented in a sequence of written or spoken words, or still or moving images, or both.
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Nation
A nation is a stable community of people, formed on the basis of a common language, territory, economic life, ethnicity or psychological make-up manifested in a common culture.
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National Palace Museum
The National Palace Museum, located in Taipei and Taibao, Taiwan, has a permanent collection of nearly 700,000 pieces of ancient Chinese imperial artifacts and artworks, making it one of the largest of its type in the world.
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Nature (journal)
Nature is a British multidisciplinary scientific journal, first published on 4 November 1869.
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Neijia
Neijia is a term in Chinese martial arts, grouping those styles that practice neijing, usually translated as internal martial arts, occupied with spiritual, mental or qi-related aspects, as opposed to an "external" approach focused on physiological aspects.
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Neo-Confucianism
Neo-Confucianism (often shortened to lixue 理學) is a moral, ethical, and metaphysical Chinese philosophy influenced by Confucianism, and originated with Han Yu and Li Ao (772–841) in the Tang Dynasty, and became prominent during the Song and Ming dynasties.
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Neolithic
The Neolithic was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of Western Asia, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.
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Nephrite
Nephrite is a variety of the calcium, magnesium, and iron-rich amphibole minerals tremolite or actinolite (aggregates of which also make up one form of asbestos).
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New Confucianism
New Confucianism is an intellectual movement of Confucianism that began in the early 20th century in Republican China, and further developed in post-Mao era contemporary China.
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Novel
A novel is a relatively long work of narrative fiction, normally in prose, which is typically published as a book.
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Ocarina
The ocarina is an ancient wind musical instrument—a type of vessel flute.
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Old Summer Palace
The Old Summer Palace, known in Chinese as Yuanming Yuan, and originally called the Imperial Gardens, was a complex of palaces and gardens in present-day Haidian District, Beijing, China. It is located northwest of the walls of the former Imperial City section of Beijing.
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Oolong
Oolong is a traditional semi-fermented Chinese tea (Camellia sinensis) produced through a process including withering the plant under strong sun and oxidation before curling and twisting.
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Oracle bone
Oracle bones are pieces of ox scapula or turtle plastron, which were used for pyromancy – a form of divination – in ancient China, mainly during the late Shang dynasty.
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Origins of Asian martial arts
The origins of Asian martial arts are diverse and scattered, having roots in various regions of Asia.
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Overseas Chinese
No description.
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Pagoda
A pagoda is a tiered tower with multiple eaves, built in traditions originating as stupa in historic South Asia and further developed in East Asia or with respect to those traditions, common to Nepal, China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka and other parts of Asia.
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Pai gow
Pai gow is a Chinese gambling game, played with a set of 32 Chinese dominoes.
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Pai gow poker
Pai gow poker (also called double-hand poker) is an Americanized version of pai gow (in that it is played with playing cards, instead of pai gow's Chinese dominoes).
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Paper
Paper is a thin material produced by pressing together moist fibres of cellulose pulp derived from wood, rags or grasses, and drying them into flexible sheets.
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Paper bag
A paper bag is a bag made of paper, usually kraft paper.
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Peasant
A peasant is a pre-industrial agricultural laborer or farmer, especially one living in the Middle Ages under feudalism and paying rent, tax, fees or services to a landlord.
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Peking opera
Peking opera, or Beijing opera, is a form of Chinese opera which combines music, vocal performance, mime, dance and acrobatics.
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Penjing
Penjing, also known as penzai, is the ancient Chinese art of depicting artistically formed trees, other plants, and landscapes in miniature.
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Performance art
Performance art is a performance presented to an audience within a fine art context, traditionally interdisciplinary.
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Pinghua
Pinghua (Yale: Pìhng Wá; sometimes disambiguated as /广西平话) is a group of related varieties of Chinese spoken mainly in parts of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with some speakers in Yunnan province.
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Pinyin
Hanyu Pinyin Romanization, often abbreviated to pinyin, is the official romanization system for Standard Chinese in mainland China and to some extent in Taiwan.
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Pipa
The pipa is a four-stringed Chinese musical instrument, belonging to the plucked category of instruments.
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Poetry
Poetry (the term derives from a variant of the Greek term, poiesis, "making") is a form of literature that uses aesthetic and rhythmic qualities of language—such as phonaesthetics, sound symbolism, and metre—to evoke meanings in addition to, or in place of, the prosaic ostensible meaning.
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Popular culture
Popular culture (also called pop culture) is generally recognized as a set of the practices, beliefs, and objects that are dominant or ubiquitous in a society at a given point in time.
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Pottery
Pottery is the ceramic material which makes up pottery wares, of which major types include earthenware, stoneware and porcelain.
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Precinct
A precinct is a space enclosed by the walls or other boundaries of a particular place or building, or by an arbitrary and imaginary line drawn around it.
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Princeton University Press
Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
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Princeton, New Jersey
Princeton is a municipality with a borough form of government in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States, that was established in its current form on January 1, 2013, through the consolidation of the Borough of Princeton and Princeton Township.
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Printmaking
Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper.
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Professor
Professor (commonly abbreviated as Prof.) is an academic rank at universities and other post-secondary education and research institutions in most countries.
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Provinces of China
Provincial-level administrative divisions or first-level administrative divisions, are the highest-level Chinese administrative divisions.
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Qi
In traditional Chinese culture, qi or ch'i is believed to be a vital force forming part of any living entity.
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Qin dynasty
The Qin dynasty was the first dynasty of Imperial China, lasting from 221 to 206 BC.
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Qing dynasty
The Qing dynasty, also known as the Qing Empire, officially the Great Qing, was the last imperial dynasty of China, established in 1636 and ruling China from 1644 to 1912.
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Qu Yuan
Qu Yuan (–278 BC) was a Chinese poet and minister who lived during the Warring States period of ancient China.
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Quan Tangshi
Quan Tangshi (Complete Tang Poems), commissioned in 1705 at the direction and published under the name of the Qing dynasty Kangxi Emperor, is the largest collection of Tang poetry, containing some 49,000 lyric poems by more than twenty-two hundred poets.
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Que (tower)
The que is a freestanding, ceremonial gate tower in traditional Chinese architecture.
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Queue (hairstyle)
The queue or cue is a Qing dynasty hairstyle most often worn by Chinese men.
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Rationality
Rationality is the quality or state of being rational – that is, being based on or agreeable to reason.
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Realpolitik
Realpolitik (from real; "realistic", "practical", or "actual"; and Politik; "politics") is politics or diplomacy based primarily on considerations of given circumstances and factors, rather than explicit ideological notions or moral and ethical premises.
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Rebirth (Buddhism)
Rebirth in Buddhism refers to its teaching that the actions of a person lead to a new existence after death, in endless cycles called saṃsāra.
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Records of the Grand Historian
The Records of the Grand Historian, also known by its Chinese name Shiji, is a monumental history of ancient China and the world finished around 94 BC by the Han dynasty official Sima Qian after having been started by his father, Sima Tan, Grand Astrologer to the imperial court.
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Reincarnation
Reincarnation is the philosophical or religious concept that an aspect of a living being starts a new life in a different physical body or form after each biological death.
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Relief
Relief is a sculptural technique where the sculpted elements remain attached to a solid background of the same material.
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Religion in China
China has long been a cradle and host to a variety of the most enduring religio-philosophical traditions of the world.
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Religion in India
Religion in India is characterised by a diversity of religious beliefs and practices.
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Ren Xiong
Ren Xiong (July 19, 1823 – November 23, 1857) was a Chinese painter from Xiaoshan, Zhejiang, active during the late Qing dynasty.
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Renaissance
The Renaissance is a period in European history, covering the span between the 14th and 17th centuries.
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Rhyme
A rhyme is a repetition of similar sounds (or the same sound) in two or more words, most often in the final syllables of lines in poems and songs.
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Rice
Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).
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Rites of Zhou
The Rites of Zhou, originally known as "Officers of Zhou" is actually a work on bureaucracy and organizational theory.
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Ryukyu Islands
The, also known as the or the, are a chain of islands annexed by Japan that stretch southwest from Kyushu to Taiwan: the Ōsumi, Tokara, Amami, Okinawa, and Sakishima Islands (further divided into the Miyako and Yaeyama Islands), with Yonaguni the southernmost.
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Sanqu
Sanqu refers to a fixed-rhythm form of Classical Chinese poetry, or "literary song".
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Santa Barbara, California
Santa Barbara (Spanish for "Saint Barbara") is the county seat of Santa Barbara County in the U.S. state of California.
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Scholar-official
Scholar-officials, also known as Literati, Scholar-gentlemen, Scholar-bureaucrats or Scholar-gentry were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty.
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Scholarly method
The scholarly method or scholarship is the body of principles and practices used by scholars to make their claims about the world as valid and trustworthy as possible, and to make them known to the scholarly public.
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School of Naturalists
The School of Naturalists or the School of Yin-yang (陰陽家/阴阳家; Yīnyángjiā; Yin-yang-chia; "School of Yin-Yang") was a Warring States era philosophy that synthesized the concepts of yin-yang and the Five Elements.
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Science
R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.
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Science and technology in China
Science and technology have developed rapidly in China during the 1990s to 2010s.
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Scratch hardness
Scratch hardness tests are used to determine the hardness of a material to scratches and abrasion.
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Seal (East Asia)
A seal, in an East and Southeast Asian context is a general name for printing stamps and impressions thereof which are used in lieu of signatures in personal documents, office paperwork, contracts, art, or any item requiring acknowledgement or authorship.
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Seasoning
Seasoning is the process of adding salt, herbs, or spices to food to enhance the flavour.
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Seven necessities
The seven necessities (Chinese: 開門七件事 pinyin: kai men qi jian shi) stem from the phrase "Firewood, rice, oil, salt, sauce, vinegar and tea are the seven necessities to begin a day".
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Shan shui
Shan shui (pronounced) refers to a style of traditional Chinese painting that involves or depicts scenery or natural landscapes, using a brush and ink rather than more conventional paints.
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Shandong cuisine
Shandong cuisine (山東菜), more commonly known in Chinese as Lu cuisine, is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine and one of the Four Great Traditions.
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Shang dynasty
The Shang dynasty or Yin dynasty, according to traditional historiography, ruled in the Yellow River valley in the second millennium BC, succeeding the Xia dynasty and followed by the Zhou dynasty.
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Shangdi
Shangdi, also written simply, "Emperor", is the Chinese term for "Supreme Deity" or "Highest Deity" in the theology of the classical texts, especially deriving from Shang theology and finding an equivalent in the later Tian ("Heaven" or "Great Whole") of Zhou theology.
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Shanghai
Shanghai (Wu Chinese) is one of the four direct-controlled municipalities of China and the most populous city proper in the world, with a population of more than 24 million.
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Shanghainese
No description.
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Shaolin Kung Fu
Shaolin Kung Fu, also called Shaolin Wushu or Shaolin quan, is one of the oldest, largest, and most famous styles of wushu or kungfu.
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Shaolin Monastery
The Shaolin Monastery, also known as the Shaolin Temple, is a Chan ("Zen") Buddhist temple in Dengfeng County, Henan Province, China.
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Shen Buhai
The Chinese statesman Shen Buhai (c. 400c. 337) was Chancellor of the Han state under Marquis Zhao of Han for fifteen years, from 354 BC to 337 BC.
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Shen Kuo
Shen Kuo (1031–1095), courtesy name Cunzhong (存中) and pseudonym Mengqi (now usually given as Mengxi) Weng (夢溪翁),Yao (2003), 544.
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Sheng (instrument)
The sheng (also spelt as cheng in Encyclopædia Britannica) is a Chinese mouth-blown free reed instrument consisting of vertical pipes.
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Shennong
Shennong (which can be variously translated as "God Farmer" or "God Peasant", "Agriculture God"), also known as the Wugushen (五穀神 "Five Grains' or Five Cereals' God") or also Wuguxiandi (五穀先帝 "First Deity of the Five Grains"), is a deity in Chinese religion, a mythical sage ruler of prehistoric China.
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Shi (poetry)
Shi and shih are romanizations of the character 詩 or 诗, the Chinese word for all poetry generally and across all languages.
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Shifu
Shifu, or sifu in Cantonese (sư phụ in Vietnamese) is a title for and role of a skillful person or a master.
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Shrimp
The term shrimp is used to refer to some decapod crustaceans, although the exact animals covered can vary.
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Sichuan cuisine
Sichuan cuisine, Szechwan cuisine, or Szechuan cuisine is a style of Chinese cuisine originating from Sichuan Province.
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Silk
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles.
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Silk Road
The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West.
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Sima Guang
Sima Guang (17 November 1019 – 11 October 1086), courtesy name Junshi, was a Chinese historian, writer, and politician.
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Sima Qian
Sima Qian was a Chinese historian of the early Han dynasty (206AD220).
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Singapore
Singapore, officially the Republic of Singapore, is a sovereign city-state and island country in Southeast Asia.
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Sinology
Sinology or Chinese studies is the academic study of China primarily through Chinese language, literature, Chinese culture and history, and often refers to Western scholarship.
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Six Dynasties poetry
Six Dynasties poetry refers to those types or styles of poetry particularly associated with the Six Dynasties era of China (220 CE – 589 CE).
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Sky lantern
A sky lantern, also known as Kongming lantern or Chinese lantern, is a small hot air balloon made of paper, with an opening at the bottom where a small fire is suspended.
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Social consciousness
Social consciousness is consciousness shared by individuals within a society.
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Social stratification
Social stratification is a kind of social differentiation whereby a society groups people into socioeconomic strata, based upon their occupation and income, wealth and social status, or derived power (social and political).
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Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation
The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation is a nonprofit organization founded in 1937 by philanthropist Solomon R. Guggenheim and his long-time art advisor, artist Hilla von Rebay.
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Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, often referred to as The Guggenheim, is an art museum located at 1071 Fifth Avenue on the corner of East 89th Street in the Upper East Side neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City.
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Son of Heaven
Son of Heaven, or Tian Zi, was the sacred imperial title of the Chinese emperor.
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Song dynasty
The Song dynasty (960–1279) was an era of Chinese history that began in 960 and continued until 1279.
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Song poetry
Song poetry refers to Classical Chinese poetry of or typical of the Song dynasty of China (960–1279).
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Soushen Ji
The Soushen Ji, variously translated as In Search of the Sacred and In Search of the Supernatural, is a Chinese compilation of legends, short stories, and hearsay concerning Chinese gods, Chinese ghosts, and other supernatural phenomena.
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Southern Min
Southern Min, or Minnan, is a branch of Min Chinese spoken in Taiwan and in certain parts of China including Fujian (especially the Minnan region), eastern Guangdong, Hainan, and southern Zhejiang.
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Southern Tang
Southern Tang (also referred to as Nantang), later known as Jiangnan (江南), was one of the Ten Kingdoms in Southern China created following the Tang dynasty from 937–976.
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Spring and Autumn period
The Spring and Autumn period was a period in Chinese history from approximately 771 to 476 BC (or according to some authorities until 403 BC) which corresponds roughly to the first half of the Eastern Zhou Period.
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Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka (Sinhala: ශ්රී ලංකා; Tamil: இலங்கை Ilaṅkai), officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, is an island country in South Asia, located in the Indian Ocean to the southwest of the Bay of Bengal and to the southeast of the Arabian Sea.
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Standard Chinese
Standard Chinese, also known as Modern Standard Mandarin, Standard Mandarin, or simply Mandarin, is a standard variety of Chinese that is the sole official language of both China and Taiwan (de facto), and also one of the four official languages of Singapore.
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Stir frying
Stir frying is a Chinese cooking technique in which ingredients are fried in a small amount of very hot oil while being stirred in a wok.
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Stone Age
The Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make implements with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface.
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Styles of Chinese martial arts
There are hundreds of different styles of Chinese martial arts, each with their own sets of techniques and ideas.
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Su Song
Su Song (courtesy name: Zirong 子容) (1020–1101 AD) was a renowned Hokkien polymath who was described as a scientist, mathematician, statesman, astronomer, cartographer, horologist, medical doctor, pharmacologist, mineralogist, zoologist, botanist, mechanical and architectural engineer, poet, antiquarian, and ambassador of the Song Dynasty (960–1279).
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Subarctic climate
The subarctic climate (also called subpolar climate, subalpine climate, or boreal climate) is a climate characterised by long, usually very cold winters, and short, cool to mild summers.
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Sui dynasty
The Sui Dynasty was a short-lived imperial dynasty of China of pivotal significance.
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Summer Palace
The Summer Palace, is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens and palaces in Beijing.
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Sun Bin
Sun Bin (died 316 BC) was a military strategist who lived during the Warring States period of Chinese history.
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Sun Tzu
Sun Tzu (also rendered as Sun Zi; 孫子) was a Chinese general, military strategist, writer, and philosopher who lived in the Eastern Zhou period of ancient China.
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Sun Wukong
Sun Wukong, also known as the Monkey King, is a fictional figure who features in body of legends, which can be traced back to the period of the Song dynasty.
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Suzhou
Suzhou (Wu Chinese), formerly romanized as Soochow, is a major city located in southeastern Jiangsu Province of East China, about northwest of Shanghai.
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Symmetry
Symmetry (from Greek συμμετρία symmetria "agreement in dimensions, due proportion, arrangement") in everyday language refers to a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion and balance.
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Taiping Guangji
The Taiping Guangji, sometimes translated as the Extensive Records of the Taiping Era, or Extensive Records of the Taiping Xinguo Period, is a collection of stories compiled in the early Song dynasty under imperial direction by Li Fang.
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Taiwan
Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia.
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Tang dynasty
The Tang dynasty or the Tang Empire was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
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Tang Sanzang
Tang Sanzang, based on the historical Buddhist monk Xuanzang, is a central character in the novel Journey to the West by Wu Cheng'en.
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Tao
Tao or Dao (from) is a Chinese word signifying 'way', 'path', 'route', 'road' or sometimes more loosely 'doctrine', 'principle' or 'holistic science' Dr Zai, J..
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Tao Heung Foods of Mankind Museum
Tao Heung Foods of Mankind Museum, formerly Foods of Mankind Museum, is the first 'foods of mankind' museum in Hong Kong.
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Tao Te Ching
The Tao Te Ching, also known by its pinyin romanization Daodejing or Dao De Jing, is a Chinese classic text traditionally credited to the 6th-century BC sage Laozi.
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Taoism
Taoism, also known as Daoism, is a religious or philosophical tradition of Chinese origin which emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao (also romanized as ''Dao'').
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Taoist sexual practices
Taoist sexual practices (p), literally "the bedroom arts", are the ways Taoists may practice sexual activity.
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Tea
Tea is an aromatic beverage commonly prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured leaves of the Camellia sinensis, an evergreen shrub (bush) native to Asia.
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Teochew people
The Teochew people (also known as Tiê-Chiu in romanized Teochew, Chaozhou in Mandarin, and Chiuchow in Cantonese) are a Han Chinese native to the historical Chaozhou prefecture (now the Chaoshan region) of eastern Guangdong province.
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Thailand
Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand and formerly known as Siam, is a unitary state at the center of the Southeast Asian Indochinese peninsula composed of 76 provinces.
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Three Kingdoms
The Three Kingdoms (220–280) was the tripartite division of China between the states of Wei (魏), Shu (蜀), and Wu (吳).
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Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors
The Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors were a group of mythological rulers or deities in ancient northern China who in later history have been assigned dates in a period from circa 2852 BC to 2070 BC.
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Three Treasures (Taoism)
The Three Treasures or Three Jewels are basic virtues in Taoism.
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Tian
Tiān (天) is one of the oldest Chinese terms for heaven and a key concept in Chinese mythology, philosophy, and religion.
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Tone (linguistics)
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning – that is, to distinguish or to inflect words.
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Tone pattern
Tone patterns are common constraints in classical Chinese poetry.
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Torana
Torana is a free-standing ornamental or arched gateway for ceremonial purposes seen in the Hindu, Buddhist and Jain architecture of the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia and parts of East Asia.
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Touch of Death
The touch of death (or Death-point striking) refers to any martial arts technique reputed to kill using seemingly less than lethal force targeted at specific areas of the body.
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Toughness
In materials science and metallurgy, toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing.
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Traditional Chinese holidays
The traditional Chinese holidays are an essential part of harvests or prayer offerings.
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Traditional Chinese medicine
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is a style of traditional medicine built on a foundation of more than 2,500 years of Chinese medical practice that includes various forms of herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage (tui na), exercise (qigong), and dietary therapy, but recently also influenced by modern Western medicine.
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Traditional lighting equipment of Japan
The traditional lighting equipment of Japan includes the andon (行灯), the bonbori (雪洞), the chōchin (提灯), and the tōrō (灯篭).
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Transition from Ming to Qing
The transition from Ming to Qing or the Ming–Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a period of conflict between the Qing dynasty, established by Manchu clan Aisin Gioro in Manchuria (contemporary Northeastern China), and the Ming dynasty of China in the south (various other regional or temporary powers were also associated with events, such as the short-lived Shun dynasty).
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Tropical savanna climate
Tropical savanna climate or tropical wet and dry climate is a type of climate that corresponds to the Köppen climate classification categories "Aw" and "As".
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Trunk (botany)
In botany, the trunk (or bole) is the stem and main wooden axis of a tree, which is an important feature in tree identification, and which often differs markedly from the bottom of the trunk to the top, depending on the species.
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Umbrella term
An umbrella term is a word or phrase that covers a wide range of concepts belonging to a common category.
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Victoria and Albert Museum
The Victoria and Albert Museum (often abbreviated as the V&A) in London is the world's largest museum of decorative arts and design, housing a permanent collection of over 2.3 million objects.
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Vietnam
Vietnam, officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam, is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia.
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Vietnamese art
Vietnamese art is visual art that, whether ancient or modern, originated in or is practiced in Vietnam or by Vietnamese artists.
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Visual arts
The visual arts are art forms such as ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, filmmaking, and architecture.
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Warring States period
The Warring States period was an era in ancient Chinese history of warfare, as well as bureaucratic and military reforms and consolidation, following the Spring and Autumn period and concluding with the Qin wars of conquest that saw the annexation of all other contender states, which ultimately led to the Qin state's victory in 221 BC as the first unified Chinese empire known as the Qin dynasty.
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Wen Tingyun
Wen Tingyun (812–870) born Wen Qi, courtesy name Feiqing was an important Chinese lyricist of the late Tang Dynasty.
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Wenyuan Yinghua
The Wenyuan Yinghua, sometimes translated as Finest Blossoms in the Garden of Literature, is an anthology of poetry, odes, songs and writings from the Liang dynasty to the Five Dynasties era.
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Western Zhou
The Western Zhou (西周; c. 1046 – 771 BC) was the first half of the Zhou dynasty of ancient China.
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Wikimania
Wikimania is the official annual conference of the Wikimedia Foundation.
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Wong Fei-hung
Wong Fei-hung (9 July 1847 – 25 March 1924), born Wong Sek-cheung with the courtesy name Tat-wun, was a Cantonese martial artist, physician, and folk hero, who has become the subject of numerous martial arts films and television series.
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World population
In demographics, the world population is the total number of humans currently living, and was estimated to have reached 7.6 billion people as of May 2018.
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Written vernacular Chinese
Written Vernacular Chinese is the forms of written Chinese based on the varieties of Chinese spoken throughout China, in contrast to Classical Chinese, the written standard used during imperial China up to the early twentieth century.
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Wu Chinese
Wu (Shanghainese:; Suzhou dialect:; Wuxi dialect) is a group of linguistically similar and historically related varieties of Chinese primarily spoken in the whole Zhejiang province, city of Shanghai, and the southern half of Jiangsu province, as well as bordering areas.
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Wu wei
Wu wei is a concept literally meaning non-action or non-doing.
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Wu Xing
The Wu Xing, also known as the Five Elements, Five Phases, the Five Agents, the Five Movements, Five Processes, the Five Steps/Stages and the Five Planets of significant gravity: Jupiter-木, Saturn-土, Mercury-水, Venus-金, Mars-火Dr Zai, J..
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Wu Zetian
Wu Zetian (624 December16, 705),Paludan, 100 alternatively named Wu Zhao, Wu Hou, and during the later Tang dynasty as Tian Hou, also referred to in English as Empress Consort Wu or by the deprecated term "Empress Wu", was a Chinese sovereign who ruled unofficially as empress consort and empress dowager and later, officially as empress regnant (皇帝) during the brief Zhou dynasty (周, 684–705), which interrupted the Tang dynasty (618–690 & 705–907).
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Wuchang Uprising
The Wuchang Uprising was an armed rebellion against the ruling Qing dynasty that took place in Wuchang, Hubei, in China.
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Wudang Mountains
The Wudang Mountains consist of a small mountain range in the northwestern part of Hubei, China, just south of Shiyan.
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Wushu (sport)
Wushu is a martial art and a full-contact sport.
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Wuyue culture
Wuyue culture (吳越文化) refers to the regional Chinese culture of the Wuyue people, a Han Chinese subgroup that has historically been the dominant demographic in the entirety of the city of Shanghai and Zhejiang province, the southern portion of Jiangsu province and the eastern portion of Anhui province.
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Xi'an
Xi'an is the capital of Shaanxi Province, China.
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Xian (Taoism)
Xian is a Chinese word for an enlightened person, translatable in English as.
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Xiang Chinese
Xiang or Hsiang, also known as Hunanese, is a group of linguistically similar and historically related varieties of Chinese, spoken mainly in Hunan province but also in northern Guangxi and parts of neighboring Guizhou and Hubei provinces.
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Xiangqi
Xiangqi, also called Chinese chess, is a strategy board game for two players.
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Xiao (flute)
The xiao (pronounced) is a Chinese vertical end-blown flute.
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Xinjiang
Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى; SASM/GNC: Xinjang Uyĝur Aptonom Rayoni; p) is a provincial-level autonomous region of China in the northwest of the country.
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Xinye Village
Xinye is a historic Chinese village in Daciyan Town (大慈岩镇), Jiande City, Zhejiang Province.
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Xun (instrument)
The xun (Cantonese.
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Yangtze
The Yangtze, which is 6,380 km (3,964 miles) long, is the longest river in Asia and the third-longest in the world.
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Yayue
Yayue was originally a form of classical music and dance performed at the royal court in ancient China.
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Yellow Emperor
The Yellow Emperor, also known as the Yellow Thearch, the Yellow God or the Yellow Lord, or simply by his Chinese name Huangdi, is a deity in Chinese religion, one of the legendary Chinese sovereigns and culture heroes included among the mytho-historical Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors and cosmological Five Forms of the Highest Deity (五方上帝 Wǔfāng Shàngdì).
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Yellow River
The Yellow River or Huang He is the second longest river in Asia, after the Yangtze River, and the sixth longest river system in the world at the estimated length of.
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Yin and yang
In Chinese philosophy, yin and yang (and; 陽 yīnyáng, lit. "dark-bright", "negative-positive") describes how seemingly opposite or contrary forces may actually be complementary, interconnected, and interdependent in the natural world, and how they may give rise to each other as they interrelate to one another.
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Yuan dynasty
The Yuan dynasty, officially the Great Yuan (Yehe Yuan Ulus), was the empire or ruling dynasty of China established by Kublai Khan, leader of the Mongolian Borjigin clan.
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Yuan poetry
Yuan poetry refers to those types or styles of poetry particularly associated with the era of the Yuan dynasty (1271–1368), in China.
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Yue Chinese
Yue or Yueh is one of the primary branches of Chinese spoken in southern China, particularly the provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi, collectively known as Liangguang.
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Yuefu
Yuefu are Chinese poems composed in a folk song style.
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Zaju
Zaju (literally meaning "variety show") was a form of Chinese drama or Chinese opera which provided entertainment through a synthesis of recitations of prose and poetry, dance, singing, and mime, with a certain emphasis on comedy (or, happy endings).
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Zhejiang cuisine
Zhejiang cuisine, alternatively known as Zhe cuisine, is one of the Eight Culinary Traditions of Chinese cuisine.
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Zhonghua minzu
Zhonghua minzu, translated as "Chinese nation" or "Chinese races", is a key political term that is entwined with modern Chinese history of nation-building and race.
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Zhongyuan culture
Zhongyuan culture (中原文化) refers to the culture of Zhongyuan (Mandarin Chinese for "Central plain"), China's central plains, especially Hebei and Henan plus nearby provinces.
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Zhou dynasty
The Zhou dynasty or the Zhou Kingdom was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang dynasty and preceded the Qin dynasty.
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Zhu Bajie
Zhu Bajie, also named Zhu Wuneng, is one of the three helpers of Tang Sanzang and a major character of the novel Journey to the West.
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Zhu Xi
Zhu Xi (October 18, 1130 – April 23, 1200), also known by his courtesy name Yuanhui (or Zhonghui), and self-titled Hui'an, was a Chinese philosopher, politician, and writer of the Song dynasty.
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Zhuangzi (book)
The Zhuangzi (Mandarin:; historically romanized Chuang-tzu) is an ancient Chinese text from the late Warring States period (476221) which contains stories and anecdotes that exemplify the carefree nature of the ideal Daoist sage.
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Zhucheng
Zhucheng is a county-level city in the southeast of Shandong province, People's Republic of China.
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Zizhi Tongjian
The Zizhi Tongjian is a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography, published in 1084, in the form of a chronicle.
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Zou Yan
Zou Yan (305240 BC) was an ancient Chinese philosopher best known as the representative thinker of the Yin and Yang School (or School of Naturalists) during the Hundred Schools of Thought era in Chinese philosophy.
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China culture, Chinese Culture, Chinese high culture, Chinese identity, Chinese popular culture, Chinese society, Chinese tradition, Chinese traditions, Chinese values, Chinese-culture, Culture in China, Culture of China, Culture of china, Jing Ri, Lifestyle in China, Spiritual Japanese, Traditional Chinese culture, 中华文化, 中国文化.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_culture
