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Diclofenac

Index Diclofenac

Diclofenac (sold under a number of trade names) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) taken or applied to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions. [1]

103 relations: Actinic keratosis, Adverse drug reaction, Analgesic, Ankylosing spondylitis, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, Arthritis, Aspirin, Australia, Autacoid, Bronchospasm, Cancer, Celecoxib, Codeine, Corneal abrasion, COX-2 inhibitor, Crohn's disease, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP3A4, Dengue fever, Dermatomyositis, Diethylamine, Dog, Dysmenorrhea, Endometriosis, Enteric coating, Erythroderma, Gallstone, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Germany, GlaxoSmithKline, Glucuronidation, Gout, Gyps, Hepatic porphyria, Hepatitis, Hives, Inflammation, Intramuscular injection, Intravenous therapy, Ion channel, Japan, Kidney failure, Kidney stone disease, Leukotriene, Lipoxygenase, Livestock, Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency, Meloxicam, ..., Migraine, Misoprostol, Myocardial infarction, Netherlands, New World vulture, New Zealand, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Novartis, Old World vulture, Omeprazole, Orphenadrine, Osteoarthritis, Over-the-counter drug, Pain, Pain management, Peptic ulcer disease, Phospholipase A2, Polymyositis, Postmarketing surveillance, Potassium, Potassium channel, Prostaglandin, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, PTGS1, Rabies, Ranitidine, Rheumatoid arthritis, Rhinitis, Rofecoxib, Salt (chemistry), Shock (circulatory), Sodium, Sodium channel, Spain, Spondyloarthropathy, Steppe eagle, Stevens–Johnson syndrome, Sulfation, Suppository, Sweden, Switzerland, Synovial fluid, Temporomandibular joint, Tower of Silence, Toxic epidermal necrolysis, Turkey vulture, UGT2B7, Ulcerative colitis, Ungulate, United Kingdom, Uricosuric, World Health Organization, Zoroastrianism. Expand index (53 more) »

Actinic keratosis

Actinic keratosis (AK) is a pre-cancerous patch of thick, scaly, or crusty skin.

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Adverse drug reaction

An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an injury caused by taking a medication.

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Analgesic

An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain.

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Ankylosing spondylitis

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis in which there is long term inflammation of the joints of the spine.

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Anti-inflammatory

Anti-inflammatory, or antiinflammatory, refers to the property of a substance or treatment that reduces inflammation or swelling.

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Antipyretic

Antipyretics (from anti- 'against' and 'feverish') are substances that reduce fever.

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Arthritis

Arthritis is a term often used to mean any disorder that affects joints.

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Aspirin

Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication used to treat pain, fever, or inflammation.

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Australia

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.

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Autacoid

Autacoids or "autocoids" are biological factors which act like local hormones, have a brief duration, and act near the site of synthesis.

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Bronchospasm

Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles.

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Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body.

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Celecoxib

Celecoxib, sold under the brand name Celebrex among others, is a COX-2 selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).

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Codeine

Codeine is an opiate used to treat pain, as a cough medicine, and for diarrhea. It is typically used to treat mild to moderate degrees of pain. Greater benefit may occur when combined with paracetamol (acetaminophen) or a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin or ibuprofen. Evidence does not support its use for acute cough suppression in children or adults. In Europe it is not recommended as a cough medicine in those under twelve years of age. It is generally taken by mouth. It typically starts working after half an hour with maximum effect at two hours. The total duration of its effects last for about four to six hours. Common side effects include vomiting, constipation, itchiness, lightheadedness, and drowsiness. Serious side effects may include breathing difficulties and addiction. It is unclear if its use in pregnancy is safe. Care should be used during breastfeeding as it may result in opiate toxicity in the baby. Its use as of 2016 is not recommended in children. Codeine works following being broken down by the liver into morphine. How quickly this occurs depends on a person's genetics. Codeine was discovered in 1832 by Pierre Jean Robiquet. In 2013 about 361,000 kilograms of codeine were produced while 249,000 kilograms were used. This makes it the most commonly taken opiate. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system. The wholesale cost in the developing world is between 0.04 and 0.29 USD per dose as of 2014. In the United States it costs about one dollar a dose. Codeine occurs naturally and makes up about 2% of opium.

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Corneal abrasion

Corneal abrasion is a scratch to the surface of the cornea of the eye.

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COX-2 inhibitor

Selective COX-2 inhibitors are a type of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that directly targets cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, an enzyme responsible for inflammation and pain.

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Crohn's disease

Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus.

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CYP2C8

Cytochrome P4502C8 (abbreviated CYP2C8), a member of the cytochrome P450 mixed-function oxidase system, is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics in the body.

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CYP2C9

Cytochrome P450 2C9 (abbreviated CYP2C9) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP2C9 gene.

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CYP3A4

Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine.

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Dengue fever

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus.

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Dermatomyositis

Dermatomyositis (DM) is a long term inflammatory disorder which affects muscles.

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Diethylamine

Diethylamine is an organic compound with the formula (CH3CH2)2NH.

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Dog

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris when considered a subspecies of the gray wolf or Canis familiaris when considered a distinct species) is a member of the genus Canis (canines), which forms part of the wolf-like canids, and is the most widely abundant terrestrial carnivore.

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Dysmenorrhea

Dysmenorrhea, also known as painful periods, or menstrual cramps, is pain during menstruation.

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Endometriosis

Endometriosis is a condition in which the endometrium, the layer of tissue that normally covers the inside of the uterus, grows outside of it.

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Enteric coating

An enteric coating is a polymer barrier applied on oral medication that prevents its dissolution or disintegration in the gastric environment.

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Erythroderma

Erythroderma (also known as "Exfoliative dermatitis," "Dermatitis exfoliativa") is an inflammatory skin disease with erythema and scaling that affects nearly the entire cutaneous surface.

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Gallstone

A gallstone is a stone formed within the gallbladder out of bile components. The term cholelithiasis may refer to the presence of gallstones or to the diseases caused by gallstones. Most people with gallstones (about 80%) never have symptoms. When a gallstone blocks the bile duct, a crampy pain in the right upper part of the abdomen, known as biliary colic (gallbladder attack) can result. This happens in 1–4% of those with gallstones each year. Complications of gallstones may include inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis), inflammation of the pancreas (pancreatitis), jaundice, and infection of a bile duct (cholangitis). Symptoms of these complications may include pain of more than five hours duration, fever, yellowish skin, vomiting, dark urine, and pale stools. Risk factors for gallstones include birth control pills, pregnancy, a family history of gallstones, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, or rapid weight loss. The bile components that form gallstones include cholesterol, bile salts, and bilirubin. Gallstones formed mainly from cholesterol are termed cholesterol stones, and those mainly from bilirubin are termed pigment stones. Gallstones may be suspected based on symptoms. Diagnosis is then typically confirmed by ultrasound. Complications may be detected on blood tests. The risk of gallstones may be decreased by maintaining a healthy weight through sufficient exercise and eating a healthy diet. If there are no symptoms, treatment is usually not needed. In those who are having gallbladder attacks, surgery to remove the gallbladder is typically recommended. This can be carried out either through several small incisions or through a single larger incision, usually under general anesthesia. In rare cases when surgery is not possible medication may be used to try to dissolve the stones or lithotripsy to break down the stones. In developed countries, 10–15% of adults have gallstones. Rates in many parts of Africa, however, are as low as 3%. Gallbladder and biliary related diseases occurred in about 104 million people (1.6%) in 2013 and they resulted in 106,000 deaths. Women more commonly have stones than men and they occur more commonly after the age of 40. Certain ethnic groups have gallstones more often than others. For example, 48% of Native Americans have gallstones. Once the gallbladder is removed, outcomes are generally good.

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Gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also known as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum.

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Germany

Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.

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GlaxoSmithKline

GlaxoSmithKline plc (GSK) is a British pharmaceutical company headquartered in Brentford, London.

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Glucuronidation

Glucuronidation is often involved in drug metabolism of substances such as drugs, pollutants, bilirubin, androgens, estrogens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, fatty acid derivatives, retinoids, and bile acids.

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Gout

Gout is a form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by recurrent attacks of a red, tender, hot, and swollen joint.

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Gyps

Gyps is a genus of Old World vultures in the bird family Accipitridae.

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Hepatic porphyria

Hepatic porphyrias is a form of porphyria in which the enzyme deficiency occurs in the liver.

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Hepatitis

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue.

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Hives

Hives, also known as urticaria, is a kind of skin rash with red, raised, itchy bumps.

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Inflammation

Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.

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Intramuscular injection

Intramuscular (also IM or im) injection is the injection of a substance directly into muscle.

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Intravenous therapy

Intravenous therapy (IV) is a therapy that delivers liquid substances directly into a vein (intra- + ven- + -ous).

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Ion channel

Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Kidney failure

Kidney failure, also known as end-stage kidney disease, is a medical condition in which the kidneys no longer work.

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Kidney stone disease

Kidney stone disease, also known as urolithiasis, is when a solid piece of material (kidney stone) occurs in the urinary tract.

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Leukotriene

Leukotrienes are a family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators produced in leukocytes by the oxidation of arachidonic acid (AA) and the essential fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) by the enzyme arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase.

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Lipoxygenase

Lipoxygenases are a family of (non-heme), iron-containing enzymes most of which catalyze the dioxygenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in lipids containing a cis,cis-1,4- pentadiene into cell signaling agents that serve diverse roles as autocrine signals that regulate the function of their parent cells, paracrine signals that regulate the function of nearby cells, and endocrine signals that regulate the function of distant cells.

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Livestock

Livestock are domesticated animals raised in an agricultural setting to produce labor and commodities such as meat, eggs, milk, fur, leather, and wool.

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Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency

The Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) is an executive agency of the Department of Health and Social Care in the United Kingdom which is responsible for ensuring that medicines and medical devices work and are acceptably safe.

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Meloxicam

Meloxicam is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with analgesic and anti-pyretic effects.

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Migraine

A migraine is a primary headache disorder characterized by recurrent headaches that are moderate to severe.

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Misoprostol

Misoprostol, sold under the brandname Cytotec among others, is a medication used to start labor, cause an abortion, prevent and treat stomach ulcers, and treat postpartum bleeding due to poor contraction of the uterus.

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Myocardial infarction

Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.

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Netherlands

The Netherlands (Nederland), often referred to as Holland, is a country located mostly in Western Europe with a population of seventeen million.

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New World vulture

The New World vulture or condor family Cathartidae contains seven species in five genera, all but one of which are monotypic.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drug class that reduce pain, decrease fever, prevent blood clots and, in higher doses, decrease inflammation.

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Novartis

Novartis International AG is a Swiss multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland.

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Old World vulture

Old World vultures are vultures that are found in the Old World, i.e. the continents of Europe, Asia and Africa, and which belong to the family Accipitridae, which also includes eagles, buzzards, kites, and hawks.

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Omeprazole

Omeprazole, sold under the brand names Prilosec and Losec among others, is a medication used in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, and Zollinger–Ellison syndrome.

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Orphenadrine

Orphenadrine (sold under many brand names worldwide Page accessed Feb 5, 2016) is an anticholinergic drug of the ethanolamine antihistamine class; it is closely related to diphenhydramine.

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Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of joint disease that results from breakdown of joint cartilage and underlying bone.

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Over-the-counter drug

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs are medicines sold directly to a consumer without a prescription from a healthcare professional, as opposed to prescription drugs, which may be sold only to consumers possessing a valid prescription.

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Pain

Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli.

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Pain management

Pain management, pain medicine, pain control or algiatry, is a branch of medicine employing an interdisciplinary approach for easing the suffering and improving the quality of life of those living with chronic pain The typical pain management team includes medical practitioners, pharmacists, clinical psychologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists, physician assistants, nurses.

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Peptic ulcer disease

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a break in the lining of the stomach, first part of the small intestine or occasionally the lower esophagus.

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Phospholipase A2

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) are enzymes that release fatty acids from the second carbon group of glycerol.

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Polymyositis

Polymyositis (PM) is a type of chronic inflammation of the muscles (inflammatory myopathy) related to dermatomyositis and inclusion body myositis.

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Postmarketing surveillance

Postmarketing surveillance (PMS) (also post market surveillance) is the practice of monitoring the safety of a pharmaceutical drug or medical device after it has been released on the market and is an important part of the science of pharmacovigilance.

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Potassium

Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.

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Potassium channel

Potassium channels are the most widely distributed type of ion channel and are found in virtually all living organisms.

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Prostaglandin

The prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals.

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Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2

Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) (The HUGO official symbol is PTGS2; HGNC ID, HGNC:9605), also known as cyclooxygenase-2 or COX-2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS2 gene.

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PTGS1

Cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1), also known as prostaglandin G/H synthase 1, prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 or prostaglandin H2 synthase 1, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS1 gene.

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Rabies

Rabies is a viral disease that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals.

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Ranitidine

Ranitidine, sold under the trade name Zantac among others, is a medication which decreases stomach acid production.

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Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects joints.

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Rhinitis

Rhinitis, also known as coryza, is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose.

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Rofecoxib

Rofecoxib is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that has now been withdrawn over safety concerns.

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Salt (chemistry)

In chemistry, a salt is an ionic compound that can be formed by the neutralization reaction of an acid and a base.

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Shock (circulatory)

Shock is the state of low blood perfusion to tissues resulting in cellular injury and inadequate tissue function.

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Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with symbol Na (from Latin natrium) and atomic number 11.

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Sodium channel

Sodium channels are integral membrane proteins that form ion channels, conducting sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Spondyloarthropathy

Spondyloarthropathy or spondyloarthrosis refers to any joint disease of the vertebral column.

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Steppe eagle

The steppe eagle (Aquila nipalensis) is a bird of prey.

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Stevens–Johnson syndrome

Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) is a type of severe skin reaction.

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Sulfation

Sulfation or sulfurylation (not to be confused with sulfonation) in biochemistry is the enzyme-catalyzed conjugation of a sulfo group (not a sulfate or sulfuryl group) to another molecule.

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Suppository

A suppository is a solid dosage form that is inserted into the rectum (rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal suppository), or urethra (urethral suppository), where it dissolves or melts and exerts local or systemic effects.

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Sweden

Sweden (Sverige), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish), is a Scandinavian country in Northern Europe.

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Switzerland

Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Synovial fluid

Synovial fluid, also called synovia,help 1 is a viscous, non-Newtonian fluid found in the cavities of synovial joints.

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Temporomandibular joint

The temporomandibular joints (TMJ) are the two joints connecting the jawbone to the skull.

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Tower of Silence

A Dakhma (Persian: دخمه; Avestan: lit. “tower of silence”), also called a Tower of Silence, is a circular, raised structure built by Zoroastrians for excarnation – that is, for dead bodies to be exposed to carrion birds, usually vultures.

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Toxic epidermal necrolysis

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a type of severe skin reaction.

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Turkey vulture

The turkey vulture (Cathartes aura), also known in some North American regions as the turkey buzzard (or just buzzard), and in some areas of the Caribbean as the John crow or carrion crow, is the most widespread of the New World vultures.

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UGT2B7

UGT2B7 (UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase-2B7) is a phase II metabolism isoenzyme found to be active in the liver, kidneys, epithelial cells of the lower gastrointestinal tract and also has been reported in the brain.

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Ulcerative colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a long-term condition that results in inflammation and ulcers of the colon and rectum.

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Ungulate

Ungulates (pronounced) are any members of a diverse group of primarily large mammals that includes odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinoceroses, and even-toed ungulates such as cattle, pigs, giraffes, camels, deer, and hippopotami.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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Uricosuric

Uricosuric medications (drugs) are substances that increase the excretion of uric acid in the urine, thus reducing the concentration of uric acid in blood plasma.

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World Health Organization

The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.

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Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism, or more natively Mazdayasna, is one of the world's oldest extant religions, which is monotheistic in having a single creator god, has dualistic cosmology in its concept of good and evil, and has an eschatology which predicts the ultimate destruction of evil.

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Redirects here:

2-(2,6-dichloranilino) phenylacetic acid, 2-(2-(2,6-dichlorophenylamino)phenyl)acetic acid, ATC code D11AX18, ATC code M01AB05, ATC code M02AA15, ATC code S01BC03, ATCvet code QD11AX18, ATCvet code QM01AB05, ATCvet code QM02AA15, ATCvet code QS01BC03, Abitren, Allvoran, Apo-Diclo, Artifen, Assaren, Benfofen, Cataflam, Delphimix, Dichlofenac, Dichlofenac diethylammonium, Dichronic, Diclac, Diclenofac, Diclenofic, Diclo, Diclo-Phlogont, Diclo-Puren, Diclobenin, Diclofen, Diclofenac diethylamine, Diclofenac diethylammonium, Diclofenac epolamine, Diclofenac potassium, Diclofenac sodium, Diclofenic, Dicloflex, Diclohexal, Diclord, Dicloreum, Diklofenak, Dolobasan, Duravolten, Dyloject, Ecofenac, Effekton, Fenac, Flector, Hexal Diclac, Kriplex, Naklofen, Neriodin, Novapirina, Novo-Difenac, Novo-Difenac SR, Nu-Diclo, Pennsaid, Primofenac, ProSorb-D, Prophenatin, Rufenal, Sodium diclofenac, Solaraze, Solaraze T, Tsudohmin, Valetan, Voldal, Volfenac, Voltaren, Voltaren Gel, Voltaren Ophtha, Voltaren Ophthalmic, Voltaren Rapide, Voltaren SR, Voltaren-XR, Voltaren-xr, Voltarin, Voltarol, Voltral, Votalin, Xenid, Zipsor.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diclofenac

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