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223 relations: 'Ain Ghazal, Abbassia Pluvial, Aboriginal Australians, Aleppo, Altai Mountains, Amman, Anatolia, Aquifer, Archaic human admixture with modern humans, Archaic humans, Arctic Ocean, Aridification, Art of the Upper Paleolithic, Aurignacian, Çatalhöyük, Ġgantija, Żebbuġ, Barley, Beer, Bhimbetka rock shelters, Black Sea, Blombos Cave, Bread, Bronocice pot, Bronze Age, Bulgaria, Byblos, Canberra, Caspian Sea, Cat, Cattle, Caucasian race, Causeway, Cave bear, Cave of the Trois-Frères, Chalcolithic, Châtelperronian, Chicken, Cremation, Crete, Cucuteni–Trypillia culture, Cuneiform script, Czech Republic, Damascus, Denisovan, Dolní Věstonice, Domestic pig, Domestication of the horse, Early human migrations, East Timor, ..., Eemian, Egypt, Egyptian hieroglyphs, Equidae, Ethiopia, European bison, European early modern humans, Fertile Crescent, Funnelbeaker culture, Göbekli Tepe, Għar Dalam phase, Goat, Gravettian, Gruel, Haplogroup A (Y-DNA), Haplogroup L0 (mtDNA), Historiography, History of Central Asia, History of China, History of clothing and textiles, History of Mesopotamia, History of Siberia, History of writing, Holocene, Homo sapiens, Homo sapiens idaltu, India, Indian subcontinent, Indus Valley Civilisation, Iraq, Irish elk, Jebel Irhoud, Jebel Sahaba, Jericho, Jerimalai (cave), Jiahu, Jordan, Kebaran, Keilor, Victoria, Khoisan, Lake Agassiz, Lake Chad, Lake Mungo, Lake Mungo remains, Last Glacial Maximum, Last glacial period, Late Glacial, Later Stone Age, Laurentide Ice Sheet, Levant, Lion-man, List of languages by first written accounts, Mackenzie River, Macro-haplogroup L (mtDNA), Maidanetske, Malta, Mammoth, Maribyrnong River, Mġarr phase, Megafauna, Megatherium, Melbourne, Mesopotamia, Microlith, Middle Paleolithic, Minatogawa Man, Minoan civilization, Misliya cave, Mitochondrial Eve, Modern history, Moravia, Morocco, Mousterian Pluvial, Mummy, National Museum of Natural History, Natufian culture, Natural fiber, Neanderthal, Neanderthal extinction, Nebelivka (archaeological site), Neolithic, Neolithic signs in China, Neolithic Subpluvial, New Guinea, New World, Newgrange, Nile, Old World, Omo remains, Origin of the domestic dog, Oven, Paleolithic flutes, Panthera spelaea, Perth, Pločnik, Plough, Post Track, Potter's wheel, Pre-Columbian era, Pre-Pottery Neolithic B, Prehistoric Caucasus, Prehistoric Egypt, Prehistoric Europe, Prehistoric warfare, Prehistory of Anatolia, Prehistory of Australia, Prehistory of Iran, Proto-Mongoloid, Proto-writing, Pyrenees, Quaternary extinction event, Radiocarbon dating, Recent African origin of modern humans, Recorded history, Red Deer Cave people, Rope, Saber-toothed cat, Saccopastore skulls, Saflieni phase, Sahara, Sahel, Sea level rise, Settlement of the Americas, Sewing needle, Short-faced bear, Smithsonian Institution, Somerset Levels, Soup, Southern Dispersal, Sub-Saharan Africa, Sumer, Sweet Track, Sydney, Syria, Taforalt, Talianki, Tell Brak, Tell Qaramel, Tell Ramad, The New York Times, Timeline of ancient history, Timeline of historic inventions, Timeline of human evolution, Timeline of the evolutionary history of life, Timeline of the formation of the Universe, Toba catastrophe theory, Ubaid period, Ukraine, Uruk period, Varna Necropolis, Venus of Dolní Věstonice, Venus of Hohle Fels, Vinča symbols, Wheat, Wheel, Woolly rhinoceros, World history, Y-chromosomal Adam, Younger Dryas, Zoomorphism, 33rd century BC, 36th century BC, 37th century BC, 38th century BC, 39th century BC, 4th millennium BC, 5.9 kiloyear event, 5th millennium BC, 6th millennium BC, 7th millennium BC, 8.2 kiloyear event, 8th millennium BC, 9th millennium BC. Expand index (173 more) »
'Ain Ghazal
Ayn Ghazal (Ain Ghazal, ʿayn ġazāl عين غزال) is a neolithic archaeological site located in metropolitan Amman, Jordan, about 2 km north-west of Amman Civil Airport.
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Abbassia Pluvial
The Abbassia Pluvial was an extended wet and rainy period in the climate history of North Africa, lasting from c. 120,000 to 90,000 years ago.
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Aboriginal Australians
Aboriginal Australians are legally defined as people who are members "of the Aboriginal race of Australia" (indigenous to mainland Australia or to the island of Tasmania).
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Aleppo
Aleppo (ﺣﻠﺐ / ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, serving as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most-populous Syrian governorate.
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Altai Mountains
The Altai Mountains (also spelled Altay Mountains; Altai: Алтай туулар, Altay tuular; Mongolian:, Altai-yin niruɣu (Chakhar) / Алтайн нуруу, Altain nuruu (Khalkha); Kazakh: Алтай таулары, Altai’ tay’lary, التاي تاۋلارى Алтайские горы, Altajskije gory; Chinese; 阿尔泰山脉, Ā'ěrtài Shānmài, Xiao'erjing: اَعَرتَىْ شًامَىْ; Dungan: Артэ Шанмэ) are a mountain range in Central and East Asia, where Russia, China, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan come together, and are where the rivers Irtysh and Ob have their headwaters.
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Amman
Amman (عمّان) is the capital and most populous city of Jordan, and the country's economic, political and cultural centre.
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Anatolia
Anatolia (Modern Greek: Ανατολία Anatolía, from Ἀνατολή Anatolḗ,; "east" or "rise"), also known as Asia Minor (Medieval and Modern Greek: Μικρά Ἀσία Mikrá Asía, "small Asia"), Asian Turkey, the Anatolian peninsula, or the Anatolian plateau, is the westernmost protrusion of Asia, which makes up the majority of modern-day Turkey.
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Aquifer
An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt).
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Archaic human admixture with modern humans
There is evidence for interbreeding between archaic and modern humans during the Middle Paleolithic and early Upper Paleolithic.
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Archaic humans
A number of varieties of Homo are grouped into the broad category of archaic humans in the period contemporary and predating the emergence of the earliest anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens) over 315 kya.
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Arctic Ocean
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans.
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Aridification
Aridification is the process of a region becoming increasingly dry.
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Art of the Upper Paleolithic
The art of the Upper Paleolithic is amongst the oldest art known (sometimes called prehistoric art).
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Aurignacian
The Aurignacian is an archaeological tradition of the Upper Palaeolithic associated with European early modern humans (EEMH).
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Çatalhöyük
Çatalhöyük (also Çatal Höyük and Çatal Hüyük; from Turkish çatal "fork" + höyük "mound") was a very large Neolithic and Chalcolithic proto-city settlement in southern Anatolia, which existed from approximately 7500 BC to 5700 BC, and flourished around 7000 BC.
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Ġgantija
Ġgantija ("Giants' Tower") is a megalithic temple complex from the Neolithic on the Mediterranean island of Gozo.
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Żebbuġ
Żebbuġ (Ħaż-Żebbuġ), also known by its title Città Rohan, is a city in the Southern Region of Malta.
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Barley
Barley (Hordeum vulgare), a member of the grass family, is a major cereal grain grown in temperate climates globally.
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Beer
Beer is one of the oldest and most widely consumed alcoholic drinks in the world, and the third most popular drink overall after water and tea.
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Bhimbetka rock shelters
The Bhimbetka rock shelters are an archaeological site in central India that spans the prehistoric paleolithic and mesolithic periods, as well as the historic period.
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Black Sea
The Black Sea is a body of water and marginal sea of the Atlantic Ocean between Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Western Asia.
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Blombos Cave
Blombos Cave is an archaeological site located in Blombosfontein Nature Reserve, about 300 km east of Cape Town on the Southern Cape coastline, South Africa.
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Bread
Bread is a staple food prepared from a dough of flour and water, usually by baking.
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Bronocice pot
The Bronocice pot, discovered in a village in Gmina Dzialoszyce, Swietokrzyskie Voivodeship, near Nidzica River, Poland, is a ceramic vase incised with the earliest known image of what may be a wheeled vehicle.
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Bronze Age
The Bronze Age is a historical period characterized by the use of bronze, and in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.
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Bulgaria
Bulgaria (България, tr.), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, tr.), is a country in southeastern Europe.
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Byblos
Byblos, in Arabic Jbail (جبيل Lebanese Arabic pronunciation:; Phoenician: 𐤂𐤁𐤋 Gebal), is a Middle Eastern city on Levant coast in the Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon.
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Canberra
Canberra is the capital city of Australia.
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Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed inland body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea.
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Cat
The domestic cat (Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus) is a small, typically furry, carnivorous mammal.
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Cattle
Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.
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Caucasian race
The Caucasian race (also Caucasoid or Europid) is a grouping of human beings historically regarded as a biological taxon, which, depending on which of the historical race classifications used, have usually included some or all of the ancient and modern populations of Europe, the Caucasus, Asia Minor, North Africa, the Horn of Africa, Western Asia, Central Asia and South Asia.
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Causeway
In modern usage, a causeway is a road or railway on top of an embankment usually across a broad body of water or wetland.
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Cave bear
The cave bear (Ursus spelaeus) was a species of bear that lived in Europe and Asia during the Pleistocene and became extinct about 24,000 years ago during the Last Glacial Maximum.
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Cave of the Trois-Frères
The Cave of the Trois-Frères is a cave in southwestern France famous for its cave paintings.
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Chalcolithic
The Chalcolithic (The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998), p. 301: "Chalcolithic /,kælkəl'lɪθɪk/ adjective Archaeology of, relating to, or denoting a period in the 4th and 3rd millennium BCE, chiefly in the Near East and SE Europe, during which some weapons and tools were made of copper. This period was still largely Neolithic in character. Also called Eneolithic... Also called Copper Age - Origin early 20th cent.: from Greek khalkos 'copper' + lithos 'stone' + -ic". χαλκός khalkós, "copper" and λίθος líthos, "stone") period or Copper Age, in particular for eastern Europe often named Eneolithic or Æneolithic (from Latin aeneus "of copper"), was a period in the development of human technology, before it was discovered that adding tin to copper formed the harder bronze, leading to the Bronze Age.
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Châtelperronian
The Châtelperronian is a claimed industry of the Upper Palaeolithic, the existence of which is debated.
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Chicken
The chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a type of domesticated fowl, a subspecies of the red junglefowl.
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Cremation
Cremation is the combustion, vaporization, and oxidation of cadavers to basic chemical compounds, such as gases, ashes and mineral fragments retaining the appearance of dry bone.
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Crete
Crete (Κρήτη,; Ancient Greek: Κρήτη, Krḗtē) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the 88th largest island in the world and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after Sicily, Sardinia, Cyprus, and Corsica.
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Cucuteni–Trypillia culture
The Cucuteni–Trypillia culture (and), also known as the Tripolye culture, is a Neolithic–Eneolithic archaeological culture (5200 to 3500 BC) in Eastern Europe.
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Cuneiform script
Cuneiform script, one of the earliest systems of writing, was invented by the Sumerians.
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Czech Republic
The Czech Republic (Česká republika), also known by its short-form name Czechia (Česko), is a landlocked country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west, Austria to the south, Slovakia to the east and Poland to the northeast.
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Damascus
Damascus (دمشق, Syrian) is the capital of the Syrian Arab Republic; it is also the country's largest city, following the decline in population of Aleppo due to the battle for the city.
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Denisovan
The Denisovans or Denisova hominins) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo.
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Dolní Věstonice
Dolní Věstonice (Unterwisternitz) is a small village in the South Moravian Region of the Czech Republic.
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Domestic pig
The domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus or only Sus domesticus), often called swine, hog, or simply pig when there is no need to distinguish it from other pigs, is a large, even-toed ungulate.
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Domestication of the horse
A number of hypotheses exist on many of the key issues regarding the domestication of the horse.
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Early human migrations
The earliest migrations and expansions of archaic and modern humans across continents began 2 million years ago with the out of Africa migration of Homo erectus, followed by other archaic humans including H. heidelbergensis.
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East Timor
East Timor or Timor-Leste (Tetum: Timór Lorosa'e), officially the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste (República Democrática de Timor-Leste, Repúblika Demokrátika Timór-Leste), is a sovereign state in Maritime Southeast Asia.
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Eemian
The Eemian (also called the last interglacial, Sangamonian, Ipswichian, Mikulin, Kaydaky, Valdivia or Riss-Würm) was the interglacial period which began about 130,000 years ago and ended about 115,000 years ago.
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Egypt
Egypt (مِصر, مَصر, Khēmi), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula.
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Egyptian hieroglyphs
Egyptian hieroglyphs were the formal writing system used in Ancient Egypt.
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Equidae
Equidae (sometimes known as the horse family) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including the extant horses, donkeys, and zebras, and many other species known only from fossils.
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Ethiopia
Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ, yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk), is a country located in the Horn of Africa.
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European bison
The European bison (Bison bonasus), also known as wisent or the European wood bison, is a Eurasian species of bison.
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European early modern humans
European early modern humans (EEMH) in the context of the Upper Paleolithic in Europe refers to the early presence of anatomically modern humans in Europe.
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Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent (also known as the "cradle of civilization") is a crescent-shaped region where agriculture and early human civilizations like the Sumer and Ancient Egypt flourished due to inundations from the surrounding Nile, Euphrates, and Tigris rivers.
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Funnelbeaker culture
The Funnel(-neck-)beaker culture, in short TRB or TBK (German: Trichter(-rand-)becherkultur, Dutch: Trechterbekercultuur; c. 4300 BC–c. 2800 BC) was an archaeological culture in north-central Europe.
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Göbekli Tepe
Göbekli Tepe, Turkish for "Potbelly Hill", is an archaeological site in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey, approximately northeast of the city of Şanlıurfa.
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Għar Dalam phase
The Għar Dalam phase, from approximately 5000 to 4100 BCE, is the first of the eleven phases of Maltese prehistory.
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Goat
The domestic goat (Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe.
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Gravettian
The Gravettian was an archaeological industry of the European Upper Paleolithic that succeeded the Aurignacian circa 33,000 years BP..
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Gruel
Gruel is a food consisting of some type of cereal—oat, wheat or rye flour, or rice—boiled in water or milk.
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Haplogroup A (Y-DNA)
Haplogroup A is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup.
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Haplogroup L0 (mtDNA)
Haplogroup L0 is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.
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Historiography
Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject.
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History of Central Asia
The history of Central Asia concerns the history of the various peoples that have inhabited Central Asia.
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History of China
The earliest known written records of the history of China date from as early as 1250 BC,William G. Boltz, Early Chinese Writing, World Archaeology, Vol.
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History of clothing and textiles
The study of the history of clothing and textiles traces the availability and use of textiles and other materials.
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History of Mesopotamia
The history of Mesopotamia ranges from the earliest human occupation in the Lower Paleolithic period up to the Late antiquity.
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History of Siberia
The early history of Siberia is greatly influenced by the sophisticated nomadic civilizations of the Scythians (Pazyryk) on the west of the Ural Mountains and Xiongnu (Noin-Ula) on the east of the Urals, both flourishing before the Christian era.
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History of writing
The history of writing traces the development of expressing language by letters or other marks and also the studies and descriptions of these developments.
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Holocene
The Holocene is the current geological epoch.
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Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens is the systematic name used in taxonomy (also known as binomial nomenclature) for the only extant human species.
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Homo sapiens idaltu
Homo sapiens idaltu (Idaltu; "elder" or "first born"), also called Herto Man, is the name given to a number of hominin fossils found in 1997 in Herto Bouri, Ethiopia.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indian subcontinent
The Indian subcontinent is a southern region and peninsula of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.
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Indus Valley Civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC), or Harappan Civilisation, was a Bronze Age civilisation (5500–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.
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Iraq
Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.
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Irish elk
The Irish elk (Megaloceros giganteus) also called the giant deer or Irish giant deer, is an extinct species of deer in the genus Megaloceros and is one of the largest deer that ever lived.
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Jebel Irhoud
Jebel Irhoud (žbəl iġud) is an archaeological site located just north of the locality known as Tlet Ighoud, about south-east of the city of Safi in Morocco.
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Jebel Sahaba
Jebel Sahaba (also Site 117) is a prehistoric cemetery site in the Nile Valley (now submerged in Lake Nasser), near the northern border of Sudan, associated with the Qadan culture, dated to the Younger Dryas (some 12,000 to 14,000 years old).
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Jericho
Jericho (יְרִיחוֹ; أريحا) is a city in the Palestinian Territories and is located near the Jordan River in the West Bank.
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Jerimalai (cave)
Some of this article is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at:de:Jerimalai; see its history for attribution. Jerimalai is a limestone cave, southeast of Tutuala, on the eastern tip of East Timor.
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Jiahu
Jiahu was the site of a Neolithic settlement based in the central plain of ancient China, near the Yellow River.
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Jordan
Jordan (الْأُرْدُنّ), officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية), is a sovereign Arab state in Western Asia, on the East Bank of the Jordan River.
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Kebaran
The Kebaran or Kebarian culture was an archaeological culture in the eastern Mediterranean area (c. 18,000 to 12,500 BP), named after its type site, Kebara Cave south of Haifa.
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Keilor, Victoria
Keilor is a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 18 km north-west of Melbourne's central business district.
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Khoisan
Khoisan, or according to the contemporary Khoekhoegowab orthography Khoesān (pronounced), is an artificial catch-all name for the so-called "non-Bantu" indigenous peoples of Southern Africa, combining the Khoekhoen (formerly "Khoikhoi") and the Sān or Sākhoen (also, in Afrikaans: Boesmans, or in English: Bushmen, after Dutch Boschjesmens; and Saake in the Nǁng language).
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Lake Agassiz
Lake Agassiz was a very large glacial lake in central North America.
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Lake Chad
Lake Chad (French: Lac Tchad) is a historically large, shallow, endorheic lake in Africa, which has varied in size over the centuries.
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Lake Mungo
Lake Mungo is a dry lake located in south-eastern Australia, in the south-western portion of New South Wales.
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Lake Mungo remains
The Lake Mungo remains are three prominent sets of Aboriginal Australian human remains: Lake Mungo 1 (also called Mungo Woman, LM1, and ANU-618), Lake Mungo 3 (also called Mungo Man, Lake Mungo III, and LM3), and Lake Mungo 2 (LM2).
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Last Glacial Maximum
In the Earth's climate history the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) was the last time period during the last glacial period when ice sheets were at their greatest extension.
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Last glacial period
The last glacial period occurred from the end of the Eemian interglacial to the end of the Younger Dryas, encompassing the period years ago.
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Late Glacial
The Late Glacial climate warming (c. 13,000–10,000 years ago), or Tardiglacial ("Late Glacial"), is defined primarily by the beginning of the modern warm period, in which temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere rose substantially, causing a process of accelerated deglaciation following the Last Glacial Maximum (c. 25,000–13,000 years ago).
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Later Stone Age
The Later Stone Age (or LSA) is a period in African prehistory that follows the Middle Stone Age.
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Laurentide Ice Sheet
The Laurentide Ice Sheet was a massive sheet of ice that covered millions of square kilometers, including most of Canada and a large portion of the northern United States, multiple times during the Quaternary glacial epochs— from 2.588 ± 0.005 million years ago to the present.
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Levant
The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Lion-man
The Löwenmensch figurine or Lion-man of the Hohlenstein-Stadel is a prehistoric ivory sculpture that was discovered in the Hohlenstein-Stadel, a German cave in 1939.
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List of languages by first written accounts
This is a list of languages arranged by the approximate dates of the oldest existing texts recording a complete sentence in the language.
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Mackenzie River
The Mackenzie River (Slavey language: Deh-Cho, big river or Inuvialuktun: Kuukpak, great river; fleuve (de) Mackenzie) is the longest river system in Canada, and has the second largest drainage basin of any North American river after the Mississippi River.
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Macro-haplogroup L (mtDNA)
In human mitochondrial genetics, L is the mitochondrial DNA macro-haplogroup that is at the root of the human mtDNA phylogenetic tree.
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Maidanetske
Majdanéc’ke (Майдане́цьке) is a village located within the Talne Raion (district) of the Cherkasy Oblast (province), about driving distance south of Kiev.
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Malta
Malta, officially known as the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta), is a Southern European island country consisting of an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Mammoth
A mammoth is any species of the extinct genus Mammuthus, proboscideans commonly equipped with long, curved tusks and, in northern species, a covering of long hair.
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Maribyrnong River
The Maribyrnong River is a perennial river of the Port Phillip catchment, located in the northwestern suburbs of Melbourne, in the Australian state of Victoria.
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Mġarr phase
The Mġarr phase is one of the eleven phases of Maltese prehistory.
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Megafauna
In terrestrial zoology, megafauna (from Greek μέγας megas "large" and New Latin fauna "animal life") are large or giant animals.
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Megatherium
Megatherium (from the Greek mega, meaning "great", and therion, "beast") was a genus of elephant-sized ground sloths endemic to South America, sometimes called the giant ground sloth, that lived from the Early Pliocene through the end of the Pleistocene.
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Melbourne
Melbourne is the state capital of Victoria and the second-most populous city in Australia and Oceania.
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Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is a historical region in West Asia situated within the Tigris–Euphrates river system, in modern days roughly corresponding to most of Iraq, Kuwait, parts of Northern Saudi Arabia, the eastern parts of Syria, Southeastern Turkey, and regions along the Turkish–Syrian and Iran–Iraq borders.
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Microlith
A microlith is a small stone tool usually made of flint or chert and typically a centimetre or so in length and half a centimetre wide.
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Middle Paleolithic
The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia.
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Minatogawa Man
The Minatogawa people are a prehistoric people of Okinawa, Japan, represented by four skeletons, two male and two female, and some isolated bones dated between 16,000 and 14,000 years BCE.
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Minoan civilization
The Minoan civilization was an Aegean Bronze Age civilization on the island of Crete and other Aegean Islands which flourished from about 2600 to 1600 BC, before a late period of decline, finally ending around 1100.
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Misliya cave
Misliya cave (מערת מיסליה, also known as Brotzen Cave after Fritz Brotzen who first described it in 1927) at Mount Carmel, Israel, is significant in paleoanthropology for the discovery of the earliest known remains attributed to Homo sapiens outside of Africa, dated to 185,000 years ago.
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Mitochondrial Eve
In human genetics, the Mitochondrial Eve (also mt-Eve, mt-MRCA) is the matrilineal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) of all currently living humans, i.e., the most recent woman from whom all living humans descend in an unbroken line purely through their mothers, and through the mothers of those mothers, back until all lines converge on one woman.
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Modern history
Modern history, the modern period or the modern era, is the linear, global, historiographical approach to the time frame after post-classical history.
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Moravia
Moravia (Morava;; Morawy; Moravia) is a historical country in the Czech Republic (forming its eastern part) and one of the historical Czech lands, together with Bohemia and Czech Silesia.
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Morocco
Morocco (officially known as the Kingdom of Morocco, is a unitary sovereign state located in the Maghreb region of North Africa. It is one of the native homelands of the indigenous Berber people. Geographically, Morocco is characterised by a rugged mountainous interior, large tracts of desert and a lengthy coastline along the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Morocco has a population of over 33.8 million and an area of. Its capital is Rabat, and the largest city is Casablanca. Other major cities include Marrakesh, Tangier, Salé, Fes, Meknes and Oujda. A historically prominent regional power, Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Since the foundation of the first Moroccan state by Idris I in 788 AD, the country has been ruled by a series of independent dynasties, reaching its zenith under the Almoravid dynasty and Almohad dynasty, spanning parts of Iberia and northwestern Africa. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties continued the struggle against foreign domination, and Morocco remained the only North African country to avoid Ottoman occupation. The Alaouite dynasty, the current ruling dynasty, seized power in 1631. In 1912, Morocco was divided into French and Spanish protectorates, with an international zone in Tangier, and regained its independence in 1956. Moroccan culture is a blend of Berber, Arab, West African and European influences. Morocco claims the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara, formerly Spanish Sahara, as its Southern Provinces. After Spain agreed to decolonise the territory to Morocco and Mauritania in 1975, a guerrilla war arose with local forces. Mauritania relinquished its claim in 1979, and the war lasted until a cease-fire in 1991. Morocco currently occupies two thirds of the territory, and peace processes have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. Morocco is a constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The King of Morocco holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military, foreign policy and religious affairs. Executive power is exercised by the government, while legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the Assembly of Representatives and the Assembly of Councillors. The king can issue decrees called dahirs, which have the force of law. He can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the Prime Minister and the president of the constitutional court. Morocco's predominant religion is Islam, and the official languages are Arabic and Berber, with Berber being the native language of Morocco before the Arab conquest in the 600s AD. The Moroccan dialect of Arabic, referred to as Darija, and French are also widely spoken. Morocco is a member of the Arab League, the Union for the Mediterranean and the African Union. It has the fifth largest economy of Africa.
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Mousterian Pluvial
The Mousterian Pluvial was a prehistoric wet and rainy (pluvial) period in North Africa.
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Mummy
A mummy is a deceased human or an animal whose skin and organs have been preserved by either intentional or accidental exposure to chemicals, extreme cold, very low humidity, or lack of air, so that the recovered body does not decay further if kept in cool and dry conditions.
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National Museum of Natural History
The National Museum of Natural History is a natural-history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States.
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Natufian culture
The Epipaleolithic Natufian culture existed from around 12,500 to 9,500 BC in the Levant, a region in the Eastern Mediterranean.
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Natural fiber
Natural fibers or natural fibres (see spelling differences) are fibres that are produced by plants, animals, and geological processes.
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Neanderthal
Neanderthals (also; also Neanderthal Man, taxonomically Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens neanderthalensis) are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo, who lived in Eurasia during at least 430,000 to 38,000 years ago.
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Neanderthal extinction
Neanderthal extinction began around 40,000 years ago in Europe, after anatomically modern humans had reached the continent.
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Nebelivka (archaeological site)
Nebelivka, or Nebelovka, located in the village of the same name in Kirovohrad Oblast, Ukraine, is the site of an ancient mega-settlement dating to 4000 B.C. belonging to the Cucuteni-Trypillian culture.
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Neolithic
The Neolithic was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 10,200 BC, according to the ASPRO chronology, in some parts of Western Asia, and later in other parts of the world and ending between 4500 and 2000 BC.
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Neolithic signs in China
Since the second half of the 20th century, inscriptions have been found on pottery in a variety of locations in China, such as Banpo near Xi'an, as well as on bone and bone marrows at Hualouzi, Chang'an County near Xi'an.
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Neolithic Subpluvial
The Neolithic Subpluvial, or the Holocene Wet Phase, was an extended period (from about 7500–7000 BCE to about 3500–3000 BCE) of wet and rainy conditions in the climate history of northern Africa.
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New Guinea
New Guinea (Nugini or, more commonly known, Papua, historically, Irian) is a large island off the continent of Australia.
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New World
The New World is one of the names used for the majority of Earth's Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas (including nearby islands such as those of the Caribbean and Bermuda).
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Newgrange
Newgrange (Sí an Bhrú or Brú na Bóinne) is a prehistoric monument in County Meath, Ireland, located west of Drogheda on the north side of the River Boyne.
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Nile
The Nile River (النيل, Egyptian Arabic en-Nīl, Standard Arabic an-Nīl; ⲫⲓⲁⲣⲱ, P(h)iaro; Ancient Egyptian: Ḥ'pī and Jtrw; Biblical Hebrew:, Ha-Ye'or or, Ha-Shiḥor) is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa, and is commonly regarded as the longest river in the world, though some sources cite the Amazon River as the longest.
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Old World
The term "Old World" is used in the West to refer to Africa, Asia and Europe (Afro-Eurasia or the World Island), regarded collectively as the part of the world known to its population before contact with the Americas and Oceania (the "New World").
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Omo remains
The Omo remains are a collection of homininThis article quotes historic texts that use the terms 'hominid' and 'hominin' with meanings that may be different from their modern usages.
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Origin of the domestic dog
The origin of the domestic dog is not clear.
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Oven
An oven is a thermally insulated chamber used for the heating, baking, or drying of a substance, and most commonly used for cooking.
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Paleolithic flutes
A number of flutes dating to the European Upper Paleolithic have been discovered.
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Panthera spelaea
Panthera spelaea, formerly referred to as Panthera leo spelaea, is a fossil cat belonging to the genus Panthera, which was described by the German paleontologist Georg August Goldfuss in 1810 under the scientific name Felis spelaea.
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Perth
Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia.
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Pločnik
Pločnik (Плочник) is a village in the municipality of Prokuplje, Toplica District, Republic of Serbia.
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Plough
A plough (UK) or plow (US; both) is a tool or farm implement used in farming for initial cultivation of soil in preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil.
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Post Track
The Post Track is an ancient causeway in the valley of the River Brue on the Somerset Levels, England.
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Potter's wheel
In pottery, a potter's wheel is a machine used in the shaping (known as throwing) of round ceramic ware.
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Pre-Columbian era
The Pre-Columbian era incorporates all period subdivisions in the history and prehistory of the Americas before the appearance of significant European influences on the American continents, spanning the time of the original settlement in the Upper Paleolithic period to European colonization during the Early Modern period.
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Pre-Pottery Neolithic B
Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) is a Neolithic culture centered in upper Mesopotamia.
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Prehistoric Caucasus
The Caucasus region, on the gateway between Southwest Asia, Europe and Central Asia, plays a pivotal role in the peopling of Eurasia, possibly as early as during the Homo erectus expansion to Eurasia, in the Upper Paleolithic peopling of Europe, and again in the re-peopling Mesolithic Europe following the Last Glacial Maximum, and in the expansion associated with the Neolithic Revolution.
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Prehistoric Egypt
The prehistory of Egypt spans the period from earliest human settlement to the beginning of the Early Dynastic Period of Egypt around 3100 BC, starting with the first Pharaoh, Narmer for some egyptologists, Hor-Aha for others, (also known as Menes).
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Prehistoric Europe
Prehistoric Europe is the designation for the period of human presence in Europe before the start of recorded history, beginning in the Lower Paleolithic.
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Prehistoric warfare
Prehistoric warfare refers to war that occurred between societies without recorded history.
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Prehistory of Anatolia
The prehistory of Anatolia stretches from the Paleolithic erahttp://www.sci-news.com/archaeology/science-stone-tool-turkey-02370.html through to the appearance of classical civilisation in the middle of the 1st millennium BC.
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Prehistory of Australia
The prehistory of Australia is the period between the first human habitation of the Australian continent and the colonization of Australia in 1788, which marks the start of consistent documentation of Australia.
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Prehistory of Iran
The prehistory of the Iranian plateau, and the wider region now known as Greater Iran, as part of the prehistory of the Near East is conventinally divided into the Paleolithic, Epipaleolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age and Iron Age periods, spanning the time from the first settlement by archaic humans about a million years ago until the beginning historical record during Neo-Assyrian Empire, in the 8th century BC.
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Proto-Mongoloid
Proto-Mongoloid refers to early representatives of the Mongoloid phenotype.
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Proto-writing
Proto-writing consists of visible marks communicating limited information.
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Pyrenees
The Pyrenees (Pirineos, Pyrénées, Pirineus, Pirineus, Pirenèus, Pirinioak) is a range of mountains in southwest Europe that forms a natural border between Spain and France.
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Quaternary extinction event
The Quaternary period saw the extinctions of numerous predominantly megafaunal species, which resulted in a collapse in faunal density and diversity, and the extinction of key ecological strata across the globe.
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Radiocarbon dating
Radiocarbon dating (also referred to as carbon dating or carbon-14 dating) is a method for determining the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon, a radioactive isotope of carbon.
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Recent African origin of modern humans
In paleoanthropology, the recent African origin of modern humans, also called the "Out of Africa" theory (OOA), recent single-origin hypothesis (RSOH), replacement hypothesis, or recent African origin model (RAO), is the dominant model of the geographic origin and early migration of anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens).
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Recorded history
Recorded history or written history is a historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication.
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Red Deer Cave people
The Red Deer Cave People were the most recent known prehistoric archaic human population.
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Rope
A rope is a group of yarns, plies, fibers or strands that are twisted or braided together into a larger and stronger form.
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Saber-toothed cat
A saber-toothed cat (alternatively spelled sabre-toothed cat) is any member of various extinct groups of predatory mammals that were characterized by long, curved saber-shaped canine teeth.
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Saccopastore skulls
The Saccopastore skulls are a pair of fossilized hominid skulls that were found by the Aniene river in Lazio, Italy.
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Saflieni phase
The Saflieni phase is one of the eleven phases of Maltese prehistory.
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Sahara
The Sahara (الصحراء الكبرى,, 'the Great Desert') is the largest hot desert and the third largest desert in the world after Antarctica and the Arctic.
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Sahel
The Sahel is the ecoclimatic and biogeographic zone of transition in Africa between the Sahara to the north and the Sudanian Savanna to the south.
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Sea level rise
A sea level rise is an increase in global mean sea level as a result of an increase in the volume of water in the world’s oceans.
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Settlement of the Americas
Paleolithic hunter-gatherers first entered North America from the North Asian Mammoth steppe via the Beringia land bridge which had formed between northeastern Siberia and western Alaska due to the lowering of sea level during the Last Glacial Maximum.
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Sewing needle
A sewing needle for hand-sewing is a long slender tool with a pointed tip at one end and a hole or eye at the other.
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Short-faced bear
The short-faced bears (Arctodus spp.) is an extinct bear genus that inhabited North America during the Pleistocene epoch from about 1.8 Mya until 11,000 years ago.
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Smithsonian Institution
The Smithsonian Institution, established on August 10, 1846 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge," is a group of museums and research centers administered by the Government of the United States.
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Somerset Levels
The Somerset Levels are a coastal plain and wetland area of Somerset, South West England, running south from the Mendips to the Blackdown Hills.
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Soup
Soup is a primarily liquid food, generally served warm or hot (but may be cool or cold), that is made by combining ingredients of meat or vegetables with stock, juice, water, or another liquid.
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Southern Dispersal
In the context of the recent African origin of modern humans, the Southern Dispersal scenario (also the coastal migration hypothesis) refers to the early migration along the southern coast of Asia, from the Arabian peninsula via Persia and India to Southeast Asia and Oceania.
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Sub-Saharan Africa
Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.
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Sumer
SumerThe name is from Akkadian Šumeru; Sumerian en-ĝir15, approximately "land of the civilized kings" or "native land".
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Sweet Track
The Sweet Track is an ancient causeway in the Somerset Levels, England.
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Sydney
Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania.
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Syria
Syria (سوريا), officially known as the Syrian Arab Republic (الجمهورية العربية السورية), is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the west, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest.
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Taforalt
Taforalt or Grotte des Pigeons is a cave in northern Oujda, Morocco, and possibly the oldest cemetery in North Africa (Humphrey 2012).
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Talianki
Talianki (Тальянки, also spelled Tallianki, Tal'anky, Tal'ianky or Tal'ianki) is a village in Cherkasy Oblast, Ukraine, close to the city of Talne and about south of Kiev.
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Tell Brak
Tell Brak (Nagar, Nawar) was an ancient city in Syria; its remains constitute a tell located in the Upper Khabur region, near the modern village of Tell Brak, 50 kilometers north-east of Al-Hasaka city, Al-Hasakah Governorate.
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Tell Qaramel
Tell Qaramel (also Tel Qaramel or Tel al-Qaramel, تل القرامل) is a tell, or archaeological mound, located in the north of present-day Syria, 25 km north of Aleppo and about 65 km south of the Taurus mountains, adjacent to the river Quweiq that flows to Aleppo.
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Tell Ramad
Tell Ramad (تل رماد) is a prehistoric, Neolithic tell at the foot of Mount Hermon, about southwest of Damascus in Syria.
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The New York Times
The New York Times (sometimes abbreviated as The NYT or The Times) is an American newspaper based in New York City with worldwide influence and readership.
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Timeline of ancient history
This timeline of ancient history lists historical events of the documented ancient past from the beginning of recorded history until the Early Middle Ages.
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Timeline of historic inventions
The timeline of historic inventions is a chronological list of particularly important or significant technological inventions and the people who created the inventions.
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Timeline of human evolution
The timeline of human evolution outlines the major events in the development of the human species, Homo sapiens, and the evolution of the human's ancestors.
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Timeline of the evolutionary history of life
This timeline of the evolutionary history of life represents the current scientific theory outlining the major events during the development of life on planet Earth.
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Timeline of the formation of the Universe
This is a timeline of the formation and subsequent evolution of the Universe from the Big Bang (13.799 ± 0.021 billion years ago) to the present day.
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Toba catastrophe theory
The Toba supereruption was a supervolcanic eruption that occurred about 75,000 years ago at the site of present-day Lake Toba in Sumatra, Indonesia.
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Ubaid period
The Ubaid period (c. 6500 to 3800 BC) is a prehistoric period of Mesopotamia.
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Ukraine
Ukraine (Ukrayina), sometimes called the Ukraine, is a sovereign state in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia to the east and northeast; Belarus to the northwest; Poland, Hungary, and Slovakia to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively.
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Uruk period
The Uruk period (ca. 4000 to 3100 BC) existed from the protohistoric Chalcolithic to Early Bronze Age period in the history of Mesopotamia, following the Ubaid period and succeeded by the Jemdet Nasr period.
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Varna Necropolis
The so-called Varna Necropolis (Варненски некропол) (also Varna Cemetery) is a burial site from 4569–4340 BC in the western industrial zone of Varna (approximately half a kilometre from Lake Varna and 4 km from the city centre), internationally considered one of the key archaeological sites in world prehistory.
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Venus of Dolní Věstonice
The Venus of Dolní Věstonice (Věstonická venuše) is a Venus figurine, a ceramic statuette of a nude female figure dated to 29,000–25,000 BCE (Gravettian industry).
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Venus of Hohle Fels
The Venus of Hohle Fels (also known as the Venus of Schelklingen; in German variously Venus vom Hohlen Fels, vom Hohle Fels; Venus von Schelklingen) is an Upper Paleolithic Venus figurine made of mammoth ivory that was located near Schelklingen, Germany.
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Vinča symbols
The Vinča symbols, sometimes called the Danube script, Vinča signs, Vinča script, Vinča–Turdaș script, Old European script, etc., are a set of symbols found on Neolithic era (6th to 5th millennia BC) artifacts from the Vinča culture of Central Europe and Southeastern Europe.
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Wheat
Wheat is a grass widely cultivated for its seed, a cereal grain which is a worldwide staple food.
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Wheel
A wheel is a circular component that is intended to rotate on an axle bearing.
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Woolly rhinoceros
The woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis) is an extinct species of rhinoceros that was common throughout Europe and northern Asia during the Pleistocene epoch and survived the last glacial period.
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World history
World history or global history (not to be confused with diplomatic, transnational or international history) is a field of historical study that emerged as a distinct academic field in the 1980s.
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Y-chromosomal Adam
In human genetics, the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (Y-MRCA, informally known as Y-chromosomal Adam) is the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) from whom all currently living men are descended patrilineally.
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Younger Dryas
The Younger Dryas (c. 12,900 to c. 11,700 years BP) was a return to glacial conditions which temporarily reversed the gradual climatic warming after the Last Glacial Maximum started receding around 20,000 BP.
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Zoomorphism
The word zoomorphism derives from the Greek ζωον (zōon), meaning "animal", and μορφη (morphē), meaning "shape" or "form".
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33rd century BC
The 33rd century BC was a century which lasted from the year 3300 BC to 3201 BC.
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36th century BC
The 36th century BC was a century which lasted from the year 3600 BC to 3501 BC.
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37th century BC
The 37th century BC was a century which lasted from the year 3700 BC to 3601 BC.
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38th century BC
The 38th century BC was a century which lasted from the year 3800 BC to 3701 BC.
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39th century BC
The 39th century BC was a century which lasted from the year 3900 BC to 3801 BC.
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4th millennium BC
The 4th millennium BC spanned the years 4000 through 3001 BC.
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5.9 kiloyear event
A satellite image of the Sahara. The Congolese rainforests lie to its south. The 5.9-kiloyear event was one of the most intense aridification events during the Holocene.
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5th millennium BC
The 5th millennium BC spanned the years 5000 through 4001 BC.
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6th millennium BC
The 6th millennium BC spanned the years 6000 through 5001 BC.
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7th millennium BC
The 7th millennium BC spanned the years 7000 through 6001 BC.
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8.2 kiloyear event
In climatology, the 8.2-kiloyear event was a sudden decrease in global temperatures that occurred approximately 8,200 years before the present, or c. 6,200 BC, and which lasted for the next two to four centuries.
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8th millennium BC
The 8th millennium BC spanned the years 8000 through 7001 BC.
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9th millennium BC
The 9th millennium BC spanned the years 9000 through 8001 BC.
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100,000 BP, 11,000 BC, 11000 BC, 11000 BCE, 11200 BCE, 11th millennium BC, 11th millennium BCE, 12,000 BC, 120,000 years ago, 12000 BC, 12th millenium BC, 12th millennium BC, 12th millennium BCE, 13,000 BC, 13000 BC, 13th millenium BC, 13th millennium BC, 13th millennium BCE, 14000 BC, 14th milennium BC, 14th millenium BC, 14th millennium BC, 14th millennium BCE, 15,000 BC, 150,000 BP, 15000 BC, 15th millenium BC, 15th millennium BC, 16th millenium BC, 16th millennium BC, 17th millenium BC, 17th millennium BC, 18,000 BCE, 18000 BCE, 18th millennium BC, 198444 B.C., 19th millennium BC, 200,000 BP, 20000 BCE, 20th millennium BC, 21st millennium BC, 22nd millenium BC, 22nd millennium BC, 22ndmillenium BC, 23rd millenium BC, 23rd millennium BC, 24th millennium BC, 25th millennium BC, 26th millennium BC, 27th millennium BC, 28th millennium BC, 29th millennium BC, 30,000 BCE, 30000 BC, 30001 BC, 30th millenium BC, 30th millennium BC, 31st millennium BC, 32nd millennium BC, 33rd millennium BC, 34th millennium BC, 35,000 BC, 35th millennium BC, 36th millennium BC, 37th millennium BC, 38th millennium BC, 39th millennium BC, 40,000 BP, 40th millenium BC, 40th millennium BC, 48th millennium BC, 50,000 BC, 50,000 BP, 50th millennium BC, 60,000 BP, 70,000 BP, 80,000 BP, 90,000 BP, Timeline of the Stone Age.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_prehistory
