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1923 in aviation

Index 1923 in aviation

This is a list of aviation-related events from 1923. [1]

233 relations: Aerial Derby, Aerial refueling, Aero A.18, Aeroflot, Aeromarine West Indies Airways, Air Board (Canada), Air Force of El Salvador, Air medical services, Air show, Air Union, Airco DH.10, Airco DH.4, Aircraft carrier, Aircraft catapult, Airline, Airship, Airway beacon, Aldo Finzi (politician), Amagi-class battlecruiser, ANEC I, Argentina, Argentine Navy, Armstrong Whitworth Awana, Armstrong Whitworth Siskin, Armstrong Whitworth Wolf, Arturo Alessandri, Autogyro, Autorotation, Avia BH-9, Aviation, Avro 552, Avro 558, Avro 560, Battlecruiser, Battleship, Belgian Congo, Belgium, Benito Mussolini, Berck, Berlin, Bert Hinkler, Blériot 115, Blimp, Boeing Model 15, Bomber, Brazil, Breguet 14, Bremen, Bristol F.2 Fighter, Brooklands, ..., Buc, Yvelines, Buenos Aires, Calcium arsenate, California, Canada, Canadian Air Force (1920–24), Captain (British Army and Royal Marines), Center of mass, Centocelle Airport, Chile, Chilean Army, Chilean battleship Almirante Latorre, Chilean Navy, Cierva C.4, Civil aviation, Command and control, Compagnie des Messageries Aériennes, Consolidated Aircraft, Contiguous United States, Cotton, Cowes, Croydon Airport, Cuatro Vientos Airport, Cuba, Cuers, Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, Curtiss CR, Curtiss P-1 Hawk, Curtiss R2C, Czech Airlines, Czechoslovakia, Daily Mail, Dayton-Wright XPS-1, De Havilland DH.50, De Havilland Humming Bird, Department of National Defence (Canada), Destroyer, Dixmude (airship), Dobrolyot, East Malling and Larkfield, Edson Fessenden Gallaudet, El Salvador, Engineering Division TP-1, England, Farman F.120, Farman F.60 Goliath, Farman Moustique, Federal government of the United States, Felixstowe F5L, Fighter aircraft, Flight (military unit), Flight deck, Floatplane, Florida, Flying boat, Fokker F.IV, France, French Air Force, French Algeria, French franc, French protectorate in Morocco, General officer, Gerhardt Cycleplane, Gloster Grebe, Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company, Governador Island, Government of Canada, Grands Express Aériens, Grigorovich M-24, H-class blimp, Hamburg, Handicapping, Handley Page Hyderabad, Handley Page Type S, Havana, Hawker Woodcock, Helium, Hempstead, New York, Hertford, Highland, Illinois, Igor Sikorsky, Illinois, Imperial Japanese Navy, Iraq, Istres, Italian Army, Italy, Japan, Japanese aircraft carrier Hōshō, Japanese aircraft carrier Kaga, John A. Macready, Joseph Sadi-Lecointe, Juan de la Cierva, Junkers T 23, Junkers T.21, Kelly Field Annex, Key West, Lake Garda, Lakehurst Maxfield Field, Levant, Lieutenant, Loening OL, London, Long Island, Louisiana, Lowell Smith, Luftschiffbau Zeppelin, Lympne, Lympne Airport, Lympne light aircraft trials, Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.7, Maximum takeoff weight, Mediterranean Sea, Mergers and acquisitions, Mile, Mitsubishi 1MF, Mitsubishi B1M, Monsures, National Air Races, Naval Aircraft Factory TS, Navy-Wright NW, New Jersey, New York (state), New Zealand, Nieuport Nighthawk, Nieuport-Delage NiD 29, Norfolk, Virginia, Oakley G. Kelly, Paris, Paris–Le Bourget Airport, Piaggio P.2, Piaggio P.3, Pier Ruggero Piccio, Polikarpov I-1, Politics of Italy, President of Chile, Prime Minister of Italy, Puerto Belgrano Naval Base, RAF Eastchurch, Regia Aeronautica, Regia Marina, Reuben H. Fleet, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport, Rolls-Royce Falcon, Rome, Rotorcraft, Royal Aero Club, Royal Air Force, Royal Canadian Air Force, Royal Italian Army, Royal Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force, Sabena, San Diego, Schneider Trophy, Seaplane, Sempill Mission, Sikorsky Aircraft, SNETA, Soviet Union, Spain, Squadron (aviation), Straits of Florida, Superstructure, Texas, United Kingdom, United States, United States Army, United States Army Air Service, United States Marine Corps, United States Navy, USS Shenandoah (ZR-1), Vickers Venture, Virginia, Waterline, Weevil, West Thurrock, William Forbes-Sempill, 19th Lord Sempill, Wing, Witteman-Lewis XNBL-1, Wright F2W, 1923 Great Kantō earthquake. Expand index (183 more) »

Aerial Derby

The Aerial Derby was an air race in the United Kingdom sponsored by the Daily Mail in which the competitors flew a circuit around London.

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Aerial refueling

Aerial refueling, also referred to as air refueling, in-flight refueling (IFR), air-to-air refueling (AAR), and tanking, is the process of transferring aviation fuel from one military aircraft (the tanker) to another (the receiver) during flight.

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Aero A.18

The Aero A.18 was a biplane fighter aircraft built in Czechoslovakia in the 1920s.

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Aeroflot

PJSC AeroflotRussian Airlines (ПАО "Аэрофло́т — Росси́йские авиали́нии"), commonly known as Aeroflot (Аэрофлот, English translation: "air fleet"), is the flag carrier and largest airline of the Russian Federation.

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Aeromarine West Indies Airways

Aeromarine West Indies Airways was a United States airline that operated from 1920 to 1924.

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Air Board (Canada)

The Air Board, Canada's first governing body for aviation, existed from 1919 to 1923.

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Air Force of El Salvador

The Salvadoran Air Force (Fuerza Aérea Salvadoreña) is the air force of the Armed Forces of El Salvador, and is independent from the army and navy.

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Air medical services

Air medical services is a comprehensive term covering the use of air transportation, airplane or helicopter, to move patients to and from healthcare facilities and accident scenes.

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Air show

An air show, (or airshow, air fair, air tattoo) is a public event where aircraft are exhibited.

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Air Union

Air Union was a French airline established January 1, 1923, as the result of a merger between the airlines Compagnie des Messageries Aériennes and Compagnie des Grands Express Aériens.

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Airco DH.10

The Airco DH.10 Amiens was a British twin-engined medium bomber designed and built towards the end of the First World War.

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Airco DH.4

The Airco DH.4 was a British two-seat biplane day bomber of the First World War.

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Aircraft carrier

An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft.

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Aircraft catapult

An aircraft catapult is a device used to launch aircraft from ships, most commonly used on aircraft carriers, as a form of assisted take off.

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Airline

An airline is a company that provides air transport services for traveling passengers and freight.

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Airship

An airship or dirigible balloon is a type of aerostat or lighter-than-air aircraft that can navigate through the air under its own power.

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Airway beacon

An airway beacon was a rotating light assembly mounted atop a tower.

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Aldo Finzi (politician)

Aldo Finzi (Legnago, April 20, 1891 – Rome, March 24, 1944) was a Jewish-Italian politician.

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Amagi-class battlecruiser

The was a series of four battlecruisers planned for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) as part of the Eight-eight fleet.

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ANEC I

The ANEC I and ANEC II were 1920s British single-engine ultralight aircraft designed and built by Air Navigation and Engineering Company Limited at Addlestone Surrey.

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Argentina

Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.

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Argentine Navy

The Navy of the Argentine Republic or Argentine Navy (Armada de la República Argentina — ARA, also Armada Argentina) is the navy of Argentina.

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Armstrong Whitworth Awana

The Armstrong Whitworth Awana was a British prototype troop-transport aircraft built to meet a 1920 Air Ministry requirement.

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Armstrong Whitworth Siskin

The Armstrong Whitworth Siskin was a British biplane single-seat fighter aircraft of the 1920s produced by Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft.

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Armstrong Whitworth Wolf

The Armstrong Whitworth Wolf was a British two-seat reconnaissance aircraft ordered by the Royal Air Force in 1923.

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Arturo Alessandri

Arturo Fortunato Alessandri Palma (December 20, 1868 – August 24, 1950) was a Chilean political figure and reformer, who served thrice as the President of Chile, first between 1920 and 1924, then for part of 1925, and finally from 1932 until 1938.

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Autogyro

An autogyro (from Greek αὐτός and γύρος, "self-turning"), also known as a gyroplane or gyrocopter, is a type of rotorcraft that uses an unpowered rotor in free autorotation to develop lift.

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Autorotation

Autorotation is a state of flight in which the main rotor system of a helicopter or similar aircraft turns by the action of air moving up through the rotor, as with an autogyro, rather than engine power driving the rotor.

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Avia BH-9

The Avia BH-9 was a single-seat sports plane built in Czechoslovakia in 1923, based on the BH-5.

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Aviation

Aviation, or air transport, refers to the activities surrounding mechanical flight and the aircraft industry.

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Avro 552

The Avro 552 was a British light biplane aircraft produced in the early 1920s.

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Avro 558

The Avro 558 was a British single-engined ultralight biplane built by Avro at Hamble Aerodrome.

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Avro 560

The Avro 560 was a British single-engined ultralight monoplane built by Avro at Hamble Aerodrome.

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Battlecruiser

The battlecruiser, or battle cruiser, was a type of capital ship of the first half of the 20th century.

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Battleship

A battleship is a large armored warship with a main battery consisting of large caliber guns.

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Belgian Congo

The Belgian Congo (Congo Belge,; Belgisch-Congo) was a Belgian colony in Central Africa between 1908 and 1960 in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

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Belgium

Belgium, officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a country in Western Europe bordered by France, the Netherlands, Germany and Luxembourg.

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Benito Mussolini

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician and journalist who was the leader of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, PNF).

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Berck

Berck, sometimes referred to as Berck-sur-Mer, is a commune in the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France.

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Berlin

Berlin is the capital and the largest city of Germany, as well as one of its 16 constituent states.

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Bert Hinkler

Herbert John Louis Hinkler (8 December 1892 – 7 January 1933), better known as Bert Hinkler, was a pioneer Australian aviator (dubbed "Australian Lone Eagle") and inventor. He designed and built early aircraft before being the first person to fly solo from England to Australia, and the first person to fly solo across the Southern Atlantic Ocean. He married in 1932 at the age of 39, and died less than a year later after crashing into remote countryside near Florence, Italy during a solo flight record attempt.

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Blériot 115

The Blériot Bl-115 was a French biplane airliner of the 1920s, best remembered for the part it played in the French exploration of Africa.

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Blimp

A blimp, or non-rigid airship, is an airship (dirigible) or barrage balloon without an internal structural framework or a keel.

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Boeing Model 15

The Boeing Model 15 was a United States single-seat open-cockpit biplane fighter aircraft of the 1920s, manufactured by the Boeing company.

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Bomber

A bomber is a combat aircraft designed to attack ground and naval targets by dropping air-to-ground weaponry (such as bombs), firing torpedoes and bullets or deploying air-launched cruise missiles.

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Brazil

Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.

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Breguet 14

The Breguet 14 was a French biplane bomber and reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War.

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Bremen

The City Municipality of Bremen (Stadtgemeinde Bremen) is a Hanseatic city in northwestern Germany, which belongs to the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen (also called just "Bremen" for short), a federal state of Germany.

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Bristol F.2 Fighter

The Bristol F.2 Fighter was a British two-seat biplane fighter and reconnaissance aircraft of the First World War developed by Frank Barnwell at the Bristol Aeroplane Company.

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Brooklands

Brooklands was a motor racing circuit and aerodrome built near Weybridge in Surrey, England, United Kingdom.

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Buc, Yvelines

Buc is a commune in the Yvelines department and Île-de-France region of north central France.

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Buenos Aires

Buenos Aires is the capital and most populous city of Argentina.

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Calcium arsenate

Calcium arsenate is the inorganic compound with the formula Ca3(AsO4)2.

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California

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.

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Canada

Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.

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Canadian Air Force (1920–24)

The Canadian Air Force (CAF), which was formed on 17 May 1920, was one of Canada's early attempts at forming an air force.

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Captain (British Army and Royal Marines)

Captain (Capt) is a junior officer rank of the British Army and Royal Marines and in both services it ranks above lieutenant and below major with a NATO ranking code of OF-2.

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Center of mass

In physics, the center of mass of a distribution of mass in space is the unique point where the weighted relative position of the distributed mass sums to zero, or the point where if a force is applied it moves in the direction of the force without rotating.

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Centocelle Airport

Centocelle Airport (Aeroporto di Centocelle) was an airport situated in Centocelle, a quarter of Rome in Italy.

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Chile

Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.

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Chilean Army

The Chilean Army (Ejército de Chile) is the land arm of the Military of Chile.

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Chilean battleship Almirante Latorre

Almirante Latorre, named after Juan José Latorre, was a super-dreadnought battleship built for the Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile).

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Chilean Navy

The Chilean Navy (Armada de Chile) is the naval force of Chile.

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Cierva C.4

The Cierva C.4 was an experimental autogyro built by Juan de la Cierva in Spain in 1922 which early the following year became the first autogyro to fly successfully.

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Civil aviation

Civil aviation is one of two major categories of flying, representing all non-military aviation, both private and commercial.

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Command and control

Command and control or C2 is a "set of organizational and technical attributes and processes...

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Compagnie des Messageries Aériennes

Compagnie des messageries aériennes was a pioneering French airline which was in operation from 1919–23, when it was merged with Grands Express Aériens to form Air Union.

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Consolidated Aircraft

The Consolidated Aircraft Corporation was founded in 1923 by Reuben H. Fleet in Buffalo, New York, the result of the Gallaudet Aircraft Company's liquidation and Fleet's purchase of designs from the Dayton-Wright Company as the subsidiary was being closed by its parent corporation, General Motors.

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Contiguous United States

The contiguous United States or officially the conterminous United States consists of the 48 adjoining U.S. states plus Washington, D.C. on the continent of North America.

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Cotton

Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the mallow family Malvaceae.

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Cowes

Cowes is an English seaport town and civil parish on the Isle of Wight.

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Croydon Airport

Croydon Airport, also known as London Terminal Aerodrome or London Airport (ICAO: EGCR) was the UK's major international airport during the interwar period, located in South London, England.

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Cuatro Vientos Airport

Madrid–Cuatro Vientos Airport, also known as Cuatro Vientos Airport, is the oldest airport in Spain, established in 1911 and one of the three civil airports of Madrid along with Madrid–Barajas and Torrejón Air Base.

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Cuba

Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is a country comprising the island of Cuba as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos.

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Cuers

Cuers is a commune in the Var department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in southeastern France.

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Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company

Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company was an American aircraft manufacturer formed in 1916 by Glenn Hammond Curtiss.

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Curtiss CR

The Curtiss CR was a racing aircraft designed for the United States Navy in 1921 by Curtiss.

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Curtiss P-1 Hawk

The P-1 Hawk (Curtiss Model 34) was a 1920s open-cockpit biplane fighter aircraft of the United States Army Air Corps.

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Curtiss R2C

The Curtiss R2C was a racing aircraft designed for the United States Navy in 1923 by Curtiss.

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Czech Airlines

Czech Airlines a.s. (abbreviation: ČSA, České aerolinie, a.s.) is the national airline of the Czech Republic.

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Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia, or Czecho-Slovakia (Czech and Československo, Česko-Slovensko), was a sovereign state in Central Europe that existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until its peaceful dissolution into the:Czech Republic and:Slovakia on 1 January 1993.

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Daily Mail

The Daily Mail is a British daily middle-marketPeter Wilby, New Statesman, 19 December 2013 (online version: 2 January 2014) tabloid newspaper owned by the Daily Mail and General Trust and published in London.

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Dayton-Wright XPS-1

The Dayton-Wright XPS-1 was an American single-seat fighter interceptor aircraft built by the Dayton-Wright Airplane Company.

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De Havilland DH.50

The de Havilland DH.50 was a 1920s British large single-engined biplane transport built by de Havilland at Stag Lane Aerodrome, Edgware, and licence-built in Australia, Belgium and Czechoslovakia.

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De Havilland Humming Bird

The de Havilland DH.53 Humming Bird is a British light aircraft of the 1920s.

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Department of National Defence (Canada)

The Department of National Defence (Ministère de la Défense nationale), commonly abbreviated as DND, is a Canadian government department responsible for defending Canada's interests and values at home and abroad.

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Destroyer

In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast, maneuverable long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet, convoy or battle group and defend them against smaller powerful short-range attackers.

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Dixmude (airship)

The Dixmude was a Zeppelin airship built for the Imperial German Navy as L 72 (c/n LZ 114) and not completed until after the end of the First World War, when it was given to France as war reparation and recommissioned in French Navy service and renamed Dixmude.

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Dobrolyot

Dobrolyot, or sometimes Dobrolet, is an initialism for Российское общество Добровольного воздушного флота - Добролёт (The Russian Society of Voluntary Air Fleet), an early Soviet Union air transport organisation, which was formed in 1923 and existed throughout the remainder of the 1920s.

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East Malling and Larkfield

East Malling and Larkfield is a civil parish in the district of Tonbridge and Malling, Kent, England.

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Edson Fessenden Gallaudet

Edson Fessenden Gallaudet (April 21, 1871 in Washington, DC – July 1, 1945 in Pine Orchard, Connecticut) was a pioneer in the field of aviation, being the first person to experiment with warped wings in 1896.

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El Salvador

El Salvador, officially the Republic of El Salvador (República de El Salvador, literally "Republic of The Savior"), is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America.

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Engineering Division TP-1

The Engineering Division TP-1 was a two-seat biplane fighter designed by Alfred V. Verville and Virginius E. Clark at the United States Army Air Corps Engineering Division.

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England

England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.

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Farman F.120

The Farman F.120 and its derivatives were a family of multi-engine airliners and bombers of the 1920s built by the Farman Aviation Works in France.

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Farman F.60 Goliath

The Farman F.60 Goliath was a French airliner and bomber produced by the Farman Aviation Works from 1919.

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Farman Moustique

The Farman Moustique is a family of French monoplanes built by the Société des Aéroplanes Henry et Maurice Farman at Billancourt.

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Federal government of the United States

The federal government of the United States (U.S. federal government) is the national government of the United States, a constitutional republic in North America, composed of 50 states, one district, Washington, D.C. (the nation's capital), and several territories.

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Felixstowe F5L

The twin-engine F5L was one of the Felixstowe F series of flying boats developed by John Cyril Porte at the Seaplane Experimental Station, Felixstowe, England during the First World War for production in America.

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Fighter aircraft

A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat against other aircraft, as opposed to bombers and attack aircraft, whose main mission is to attack ground targets.

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Flight (military unit)

A flight is a military unit in an air force, naval air service, or army air corps.

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Flight deck

The flight deck of an aircraft carrier is the surface from which its aircraft take off and land, essentially a miniature airfield at sea.

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Floatplane

A floatplane (float plane or pontoon plane) is a type of seaplane, with one or more slender pontoons (known as "floats") mounted under the fuselage to provide buoyancy.

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Florida

Florida (Spanish for "land of flowers") is the southernmost contiguous state in the United States.

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Flying boat

A flying boat is a fixed-winged seaplane with a hull, allowing it to land on water, that usually has no type of landing gear to allow operation on land.

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Fokker F.IV

The Fokker F.IV was an airliner designed in the Netherlands in the early 1920s, with only two ever made, both for the United States Army Air Service.

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France

France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.

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French Air Force

The French Air Force (Armée de l'Air Française), literally Aerial Army) is the air force of the French Armed Forces. It was formed in 1909 as the Service Aéronautique, a service arm of the French Army, then was made an independent military arm in 1934. The number of aircraft in service with the French Air Force varies depending on source, however sources from the French Ministry of Defence give a figure of 658 aircraft in 2014. The French Air Force has 241 combat aircraft in service, with the majority being 133 Dassault Mirage 2000 and 108 Dassault Rafale. As of early 2017, the French Air Force employs a total of 41,160 regular personnel. The reserve element of the air force consisted of 5,187 personnel of the Operational Reserve. The Chief of Staff of the French Air Force (CEMAA) is a direct subordinate of the Chief of the Defence Staff (CEMA).

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French Algeria

French Algeria (Alger to 1839, then Algérie afterwards; unofficially Algérie française, االجزائر المستعمرة), also known as Colonial Algeria, began in 1830 with the invasion of Algiers and lasted until 1962, under a variety of governmental systems.

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French franc

The franc (sign: F or Fr), also commonly distinguished as the (FF), was a currency of France.

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French protectorate in Morocco

The French protectorate in Morocco (Protectorat français au Maroc; حماية فرنسا في المغرب Ḥimāyat Faransā fi-l-Maḡrib) was established by the Treaty of Fez.

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General officer

A general officer is an officer of high rank in the army, and in some nations' air forces or marines.

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Gerhardt Cycleplane

The Gerhardt Cycleplane has been called the world's first successful human-powered aircraft.

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Gloster Grebe

The Gloster Grebe was developed by the Gloster Aircraft Company from the Gloster Grouse (an experimental aircraft later developed as a trainer), and was the Royal Air Force's first post-First World War fighter aircraft, entering service in 1923.

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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Company

The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company is an American multinational tire manufacturing company founded in 1898 by Frank Seiberling and based in Akron, Ohio.

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Governador Island

Governador Island (Ilha do Governador, in Portuguese; literally Governor's Island, in English) is the largest island in Guanabara Bay, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Government of Canada

The Government of Canada (Gouvernement du Canada), formally Her Majesty's Government (Gouvernement de Sa Majesté), is the federal administration of Canada.

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Grands Express Aériens

The Compagnie des Grands Express Aériens was a pioneering French airline established 20 March 1919 and operating until merged with Compagnie des Messageries Aériennes to form Air Union on 1 January 1923.

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Grigorovich M-24

The Grigorovich M-24 was a Soviet biplane flying boat built during the 1920s.

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H-class blimp

The H class blimp was an observation airship built for the U.S. Navy in the early 1920s.

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Hamburg

Hamburg (locally), Hamborg, officially the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg (Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg, Friee un Hansestadt Hamborg),Constitution of Hamburg), is the second-largest city of Germany as well as one of the country's 16 constituent states, with a population of roughly 1.8 million people. The city lies at the core of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region which spreads across four German federal states and is home to more than five million people. The official name reflects Hamburg's history as a member of the medieval Hanseatic League, a free imperial city of the Holy Roman Empire, a city-state and one of the 16 states of Germany. Before the 1871 Unification of Germany, it was a fully sovereign state. Prior to the constitutional changes in 1919 it formed a civic republic headed constitutionally by a class of hereditary grand burghers or Hanseaten. The city has repeatedly been beset by disasters such as the Great Fire of Hamburg, exceptional coastal flooding and military conflicts including World War II bombing raids. Historians remark that the city has managed to recover and emerge wealthier after each catastrophe. Situated on the river Elbe, Hamburg is home to Europe's second-largest port and a broad corporate base. In media, the major regional broadcasting firm NDR, the printing and publishing firm italic and the newspapers italic and italic are based in the city. Hamburg remains an important financial center, the seat of Germany's oldest stock exchange and the world's oldest merchant bank, Berenberg Bank. Media, commercial, logistical, and industrial firms with significant locations in the city include multinationals Airbus, italic, italic, italic, and Unilever. The city is a forum for and has specialists in world economics and international law with such consular and diplomatic missions as the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea, the EU-LAC Foundation, and the UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. In recent years, the city has played host to multipartite international political conferences and summits such as Europe and China and the G20. Former German Chancellor italic, who governed Germany for eight years, and Angela Merkel, German chancellor since 2005, come from Hamburg. The city is a major international and domestic tourist destination. It ranked 18th in the world for livability in 2016. The Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel were declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO in 2015. Hamburg is a major European science, research, and education hub, with several universities and institutions. Among its most notable cultural venues are the italic and italic concert halls. It gave birth to movements like Hamburger Schule and paved the way for bands including The Beatles. Hamburg is also known for several theatres and a variety of musical shows. St. Pauli's italic is among the best-known European entertainment districts.

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Handicapping

Handicapping, in sport and games, is the practice of assigning advantage through scoring compensation or other advantage given to different contestants to equalize the chances of winning.

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Handley Page Hyderabad

The Handley Page H.P.24 Hyderabad was a British twin-engine biplane heavy bomber built by Handley Page which served with the Royal Air Force between 1925 and 1933.

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Handley Page Type S

The Handley Page Type S, or HPS-1 was a prototype British carrier-based fighter developed for the United States Navy in the early 1920s.

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Havana

Havana (Spanish: La Habana) is the capital city, largest city, province, major port, and leading commercial center of Cuba.

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Hawker Woodcock

The Hawker Woodcock was a British single-seat fighter built by the Hawker Engineering Company as the first fighter to be produced by Hawker Engineering (the successor to Sopwith Aviation).

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Helium

Helium (from lit) is a chemical element with symbol He and atomic number 2.

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Hempstead, New York

Hempstead is one of the three towns in Nassau County, New York, United States, occupying the southwestern part of the county, in the western half of Long Island.

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Hertford

Hertford is the county town of Hertfordshire, England, and is also a civil parish in the East Hertfordshire district of the county.

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Highland, Illinois

Highland is a city in Madison County, Illinois, United States.

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Igor Sikorsky

Igor Ivanovich Sikorsky (a, tr. Ígor' Ivánovič Sikórskij; May 25, 1889 – October 26, 1972),Fortier, Rénald.

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Illinois

Illinois is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States.

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Imperial Japanese Navy

The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN; Kyūjitai: 大日本帝國海軍 Shinjitai: 大日本帝国海軍 or 日本海軍 Nippon Kaigun, "Navy of the Greater Japanese Empire") was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1868 until 1945, when it was dissolved following Japan's defeat and surrender in World War II.

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Iraq

Iraq (or; العراق; عێراق), officially known as the Republic of Iraq (جُمُهورية العِراق; کۆماری عێراق), is a country in Western Asia, bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west.

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Istres

Istres (Occitan: Istre) is a commune in southern France, some 60 km (38 mi) northwest of Marseille.

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Italian Army

The Italian Army (Italian: Esercito Italiano) is the land defence force of the Italian Armed Forces of the Italian Republic.

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Italy

Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.

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Japan

Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.

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Japanese aircraft carrier Hōshō

was the world's first commissioned ship that was designed and built as an aircraft carrier, pre-dated Hōshō and had a long landing deck, but was designed and initially built as an ocean liner.

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Japanese aircraft carrier Kaga

was an aircraft carrier built for the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) and was named after the former Kaga Province in present-day Ishikawa Prefecture.

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John A. Macready

John Arthur Macready (October 14, 1887 – September 15, 1979) was an American test pilot and aviator.

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Joseph Sadi-Lecointe

Joseph Sadi-Lecointe (1891 – 1944) was a French aviator, best known for breaking a number of speed and altitude records in the 1920s.

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Juan de la Cierva

Juan de la Cierva y Codorníu, 1st Count of De La Cierva (21 September 1895 in Murcia, Spain – 9 December 1936 in Croydon, United Kingdom) was a Spanish civil engineer, pilot and aeronautical engineer.

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Junkers T 23

The Junkers T 23 was a two-seat, single-engined experimental training aircraft, built in Germany in the early 1920s.

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Junkers T.21

The Junkers J 21 (manufacturer's sales designations T 21 and H 21) was a reconnaissance aircraft designed in Germany in the early 1920s and produced in the Soviet Union at the Junkers plant at Fili for use by the Soviet Air Force.

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Kelly Field Annex

Kelly Field Annex (formerly Kelly Air Force Base) is a United States Air Force facility located in San Antonio, Texas.

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Key West

Key West (Cayo Hueso) is an island and city in the Straits of Florida on the North American continent, at the southwesternmost end of the roadway through the Florida Keys in the state of Florida, United States.

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Lake Garda

Lake Garda (Lago di Garda or Lago Benàco, Benacus; Lach de Garda; Łago de Garda) is the largest lake in Italy.

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Lakehurst Maxfield Field

Lakehurst Maxfield Field, formerly known as Naval Air Engineering Station Lakehurst (NAES Lakehurst), is the naval component of Joint Base McGuire–Dix–Lakehurst (JB MDL), a United States Air Force–managed joint base headquartered approximately east-southeast of Trenton in Manchester Township in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States.

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Levant

The Levant is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean.

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Lieutenant

A lieutenant (abbreviated Lt, LT, Lieut and similar) is a junior commissioned officer in the armed forces, fire services, police and other organizations of many nations.

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Loening OL

The Loening OL, also known as the Loening Amphibian, was an American two-seat amphibious biplane built by Loening for the United States Army Air Corps and the United States Navy.

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London

London is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom.

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Long Island

Long Island is a densely populated island off the East Coast of the United States, beginning at New York Harbor just 0.35 miles (0.56 km) from Manhattan Island and extending eastward into the Atlantic Ocean.

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Louisiana

Louisiana is a state in the southeastern region of the United States.

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Lowell Smith

Lowell Herbert Smith (October 8, 1892—November 4, 1945) was a pioneer American airman who piloted the first airplane to receive a complete mid-air refueling (along with Lt. John P. Richter) on June 27, 1923, and later set an endurance record of 37 hours on August 28, both in a De Havilland DH-4B.

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Luftschiffbau Zeppelin

Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH is a German company which, during the early 20th century, was a leader in the design and manufacture of rigid airships, specifically of the Zeppelin type.

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Lympne

Lympne, formerly also Lymne, is a village on the former shallow-gradient sea cliffs above the expansive agricultural plain of Romney Marsh in Kent.

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Lympne Airport

Lympne Airport, was a military and later civil airfield, at Lympne, Kent, United Kingdom, which operated from 1916 to 1984.

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Lympne light aircraft trials

The Lympne Light Aircraft Trials were held to encourage the development of practical light aircraft for private ownership, with a strong but not exclusive emphasis on fuel economy.

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Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.7

The Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk M.F.7 was a two-seat biplane floatplane built by the Royal Norwegian Navy Air Service aircraft factory Marinens Flyvebaatfabrikk in 1923.

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Maximum takeoff weight

The maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) or maximum gross takeoff weight (MGTOW) or maximum takeoff mass (MTOM) of an aircraft is the maximum weight at which the pilot is allowed to attempt to take off, due to structural or other limits.

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Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean, surrounded by the Mediterranean Basin and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa and on the east by the Levant.

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Mergers and acquisitions

Mergers and acquisitions (M&A) are transactions in which the ownership of companies, other business organizations, or their operating units are transferred or consolidated with other entities.

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Mile

The mile is an English unit of length of linear measure equal to 5,280 feet, or 1,760 yards, and standardised as exactly 1,609.344 metres by international agreement in 1959.

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Mitsubishi 1MF

The Mitsubishi 1MF was a Japanese carrier fighter aircraft of the 1920s.

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Mitsubishi B1M

The Mitsubishi B1M was a Japanese torpedo bomber of the 1920s, also known as the Navy Type 13 Carrier-Borne Attack Aircraft.

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Monsures

Monsures is a commune in the Somme department in Hauts-de-France in northern France.

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National Air Races

The National Air Races (also known as Pulitzer Trophy Races) are a series of pylon and cross-country races that took place in the United States since 1920.

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Naval Aircraft Factory TS

The Naval Aircraft Factory TS-1 was an early biplane fighter aircraft of the United States Navy, serving from 1922-1929.

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Navy-Wright NW

The Navy-Wright NW series, also called the Mystery Racer were racing aircraft built by Wright Aeronautical Corporation at the request of the US Navy. Although innovative, both prototype racers were lost before achieving their true potential.

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New Jersey

New Jersey is a state in the Mid-Atlantic region of the Northeastern United States.

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New York (state)

New York is a state in the northeastern United States.

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New Zealand

New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.

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Nieuport Nighthawk

The Nieuport Nighthawk was a British fighter aircraft developed by the Nieuport & General Aircraft company for the Royal Air Force towards the end of the First World War.

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Nieuport-Delage NiD 29

The Nieuport-Delage NiD.29 was a French single-seat biplane fighter (C.I category) designed and built by Nieuport-Delage for the French Air Force.

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Norfolk, Virginia

Norfolk is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States.

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Oakley G. Kelly

Oakley George Kelly (December 3, 1891 – June 5, 1966) was a record setting pilot for the United States Army Air Service.

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Paris

Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of and a population of 2,206,488.

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Paris–Le Bourget Airport

Paris–Le Bourget Airport (Aéroport de Paris-Le Bourget) is an airport located within portions of the communes of Le Bourget, Bonneuil-en-France, Dugny and Gonesse, north-northeast (NNE) of Paris, France.

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Piaggio P.2

The Piaggio P.2 was an Italian fighter prototype of advanced design built by Piaggio in 1923.

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Piaggio P.3

The Piaggio P.3 was an Italian night bomber prototype built by Piaggio in 1923.

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Pier Ruggero Piccio

Lieutenant General Count Pier Ruggero Piccio (27 September 1880 – 30 July 1965) was an Italian aviator and the founding Chief of Staff of the Italian Air Force.

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Polikarpov I-1

The Polikarpov I-1 was the first indigenous Soviet monoplane fighter.

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Politics of Italy

The politics of Italy are conducted through a parliamentary republic with a multi-party system.

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President of Chile

The President of the Republic of Chile (Presidente de la República de Chile) is the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile.

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Prime Minister of Italy

The President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri della Repubblica Italiana), commonly referred to in Italy as Presidente del Consiglio, or informally as Premier and known in English as the Prime Minister of Italy, is the head of government of the Italian Republic.

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Puerto Belgrano Naval Base

Puerto Belgrano Naval Base (Base Naval Puerto Belgrano - BNPB) is the largest naval base of the Argentine Navy, situated next to Punta Alta, near Bahía Blanca, about south of Buenos Aires.

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RAF Eastchurch

RAF Eastchurch was a Royal Air Force station near Eastchurch village, on the Isle of Sheppey, Kent, England.

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Regia Aeronautica

The Italian Royal Air Force (Regia Aeronautica Italiana) was the name of the air force of the Kingdom of Italy.

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Regia Marina

The Royal Navy (Italian: Regia Marina) was the navy of the Kingdom of Italy (Regno d'Italia) from 1861 to 1946.

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Reuben H. Fleet

Reuben Hollis Fleet (March 6, 1887 – October 29, 1975) was an American aviation pioneer, industrialist and army officer.

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Rio de Janeiro

Rio de Janeiro (River of January), or simply Rio, is the second-most populous municipality in Brazil and the sixth-most populous in the Americas.

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Rio de Janeiro–Galeão International Airport

Rio de Janeiro–Antonio Carlos Jobim International Airport, popularly known by its original name Galeão International Airport, is the main airport serving Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

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Rolls-Royce Falcon

The Rolls-Royce Falcon is an aero engine developed in 1915.

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Rome

Rome (Roma; Roma) is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale).

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Rotorcraft

A rotorcraft or rotary-wing aircraft is a heavier-than-air flying machine that uses lift generated by wings, called rotary wings or rotor blades, that revolve around a mast.

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Royal Aero Club

The Royal Aero Club (RAeC) is the national co-ordinating body for Air Sport in the United Kingdom.

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Royal Air Force

The Royal Air Force (RAF) is the United Kingdom's aerial warfare force.

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Royal Canadian Air Force

The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF; Aviation royale canadienne, ARC) is the air force of Canada.

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Royal Italian Army

The Royal Italian Army (Italian: Regio Esercito Italiano) was the army of the Kingdom of Italy from the unification of Italy in 1861 to the birth of the Italian Republic in 1946.

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Royal Navy

The Royal Navy (RN) is the United Kingdom's naval warfare force.

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Royal New Zealand Air Force

The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) (Maori: Te Tauaarangi o Aotearoa, "New Zealand Warriors of the Sky"; previously Te Hokowhitu o Kahurangi, "War Party of the Blue") is the air force component of the New Zealand Defence Force.

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Sabena

The Societé Anonyme Belge d'Exploitation de la Navigation Aérienne, (French; "Belgian Corporation for Air Navigation Services"), better known internationally by the acronym Sabena or SABENA, was the national airline of Belgium from 1923 to 2001, with its base at Brussels National Airport.

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San Diego

San Diego (Spanish for 'Saint Didacus') is a major city in California, United States.

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Schneider Trophy

The Coupe d'Aviation Maritime Jacques Schneider, commonly called the Schneider Trophy or Schneider Prize (sometimes incorrectly referred to as the Schneider Cup, a different prize), was a trophy awarded annually (and later, biannually) to the winner of a race for seaplanes and flying boats.

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Seaplane

A seaplane is a powered fixed-wing aircraft capable of taking off and landing (alighting) on water.

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Sempill Mission

The Sempill Mission was a British aeronaval technical mission led by Captain the Master of Sempill and sent to Japan in September 1921, with the objective of helping the Imperial Japanese Navy develop its aeronaval forces.

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Sikorsky Aircraft

The Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation is an American aircraft manufacturer based in Stratford, Connecticut.

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SNETA

The Syndicat national d'Etude des Transports Aériens ("National Union of Study of Aerial Transport"), known by its acronym SNETA, was a Belgian airline which operated from 1919 to 1923 in order to pioneer commercial aviation in Belgium.

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Soviet Union

The Soviet Union, officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.

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Spain

Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.

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Squadron (aviation)

A squadron in air force, army aviation, or naval aviation is a unit comprising a number of military aircraft and their aircrews, usually of the same type, typically with 12 to 24 aircraft, sometimes divided into three or four flights, depending on aircraft type and air force.

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Straits of Florida

The Straits of Florida, Florida Straits, or Florida Strait (Estrecho de Florida) is a strait located south-southeast of the North American mainland, generally accepted to be between the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean, and between the Florida Keys (U.S.) and Cuba.

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Superstructure

A superstructure is an upward extension of an existing structure above a baseline.

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Texas

Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.

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United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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United States Army

The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.

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United States Army Air Service

The United States Army Air ServiceCraven and Cate Vol.

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United States Marine Corps

The United States Marine Corps (USMC), also referred to as the United States Marines, is a branch of the United States Armed Forces responsible for conducting amphibious operations with the United States Navy.

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United States Navy

The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.

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USS Shenandoah (ZR-1)

USS Shenandoah was the first of four United States Navy rigid airships.

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Vickers Venture

The Vickers Type 94 Venture was a British army cooperation biplane of the 1920s, designed and built by Vickers, as a development of the Vixen.

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Virginia

Virginia (officially the Commonwealth of Virginia) is a state in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States located between the Atlantic Coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

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Waterline

The waterline is the line where the hull of a ship meets the surface of the water.

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Weevil

A weevil is a type of beetle from the Curculionoidea superfamily.

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West Thurrock

West Thurrock is a traditional Church of England parish and town in Thurrock, Essex, England, located 17.5 miles (28.1 km) east south-east of Charing Cross, London.

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William Forbes-Sempill, 19th Lord Sempill

William Francis Forbes-Sempill, 19th Lord Sempill AFC, AFRAeS, (24 September 1893 – 30 December 1965) was a Scottish peer and record-breaking air pioneer who was later shown to have passed secret information to the Imperial Japanese military before the Second World War.

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Wing

A wing is a type of fin that produces lift, while moving through air or some other fluid.

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Witteman-Lewis XNBL-1

The Wittemann-Lewis NBL-1 "Barling Bomber"Report on Official Performance Test of Barling Bomber, NLB-1, P-303, Light Load Configuration, 14 April 1926.

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Wright F2W

The Wright F2W was an American racing aircraft built by Wright Aeronautical Corporation for the US Navy.

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1923 Great Kantō earthquake

The struck the Kantō Plain on the Japanese main island of Honshū at 11:58:44 JST (02:58:44 UTC) on Saturday, September 1, 1923.

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_in_aviation

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