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121 relations: Adrenaline, Adrenergic receptor, ALOX12, Androgen, Angiotensin, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Animal testing on rodents, Apoptosis, Arachidonic acid, Ascending limb of loop of Henle, BALB/c, Beta oxidation, C57BL/6, Calcium-activated potassium channel, Carbon monoxide, Cerebral infarction, Chirality, Circulatory system, Coeliac disease, Crohn's disease, Cyclooxygenase, CYP2J2, CYP2U1, CYP4A11, CYP4A22, CYP4F2, CYP4F3, CYP4Z1, Cytochrome P450, Cytochrome P450 omega hydroxylase, Docosahexaenoic acid, Eicosanoid, Endothelin, Epoxide, Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, Epoxygenase, Essential hypertension, Extracellular signal–regulated kinases, Furosemide, Gemfibrozil, Gene knockout, Gene polymorphism, Glioma, Glucuronidation, Glucuronosyltransferase, Haplotype, Heme, Hereditary spastic paraplegia, Homology (biology), Hsp90, ..., Human umbilical vein endothelial cell, Hypertension, Inflammation, Intron, Isoliquiritigenin, L-type calcium channel, Laboratory rat, Lauric acid, Leukotriene B4, List of breast cancer cell lines, MAPK/ERK pathway, MCF-7, Metabolic syndrome, Metalloproteinase, MicroRNA, Microsome, Mitochondrion, Myocardial infarction, Na+/K+-ATPase, Na-K-Cl cotransporter, NCI-60, Neovascularization, Nephron, Neutrophil, Nitric oxide, Nitric oxide synthase, Non-small-cell lung carcinoma, Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, Norepinephrine, Odds ratio, Omega oxidation, Opioid, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase, Platelet, Positive feedback, Propanol, Prostaglandin, Prostaglandin G2, Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2, Protein kinase C, Pseudogene, Reactive oxygen species, Renin–angiotensin system, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Smooth muscle tissue, Sodium chloride, Sodium–hydrogen antiporter 3, Spontaneously hypertensive rat, Stereoisomerism, Stroke, Superoxide, T-47D, Tag SNP, Three prime untranslated region, Thrombosis, Thromboxane A2, Thromboxane B2, Thromboxane receptor, Transfection, Transgene, TRPV1, Tunica intima, Vascular endothelial growth factor A, Vasoconstriction, Vasodilation, Vasopressin, Von Willebrand factor, 12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid. Expand index (71 more) »
Adrenaline
Adrenaline, also known as adrenalin or epinephrine, is a hormone, neurotransmitter, and medication.
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Adrenergic receptor
The adrenergic receptors (or adrenoceptors) are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that are targets of the catecholamines, especially norepinephrine (noradrenaline) and epinephrine (adrenaline).
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ALOX12
ALOX12, also known as arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase, 12-lipoxygenase, 12S-Lipoxygenase, 12-LOX, and 12S-LOX is a lipoxygenase-type enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ALOX12 gene which is located along with other lipoyxgenases on chromosome 17p13.3.
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Androgen
An androgen (from Greek andr-, the stem of the word meaning "man") is any natural or synthetic steroid hormone which regulates the development and maintenance of male characteristics in vertebrates by binding to androgen receptors.
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Angiotensin
Angiotensin is a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure.
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Angiotensin-converting enzyme
Angiotensin-converting enzyme, or ACE, is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body.
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Animal testing on rodents
Rodents are commonly used in animal testing, particularly mice and rats, but also guinea pigs, hamsters, gerbils and others.
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Apoptosis
Apoptosis (from Ancient Greek ἀπόπτωσις "falling off") is a process of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms.
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Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6).
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Ascending limb of loop of Henle
Within the nephron of the kidney, the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is a segment of the loop of Henle downstream of the descending limb, after the sharp bend of the loop.
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BALB/c
BALB/c is an albino, laboratory-bred strain of the house mouse from which a number of common substrains are derived.
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Beta oxidation
In biochemistry and metabolism, beta-oxidation is the catabolic process by which fatty acid molecules are broken down in the cytosol in prokaryotes and in the mitochondria in eukaryotes to generate acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle, and NADH and FADH2, which are co-enzymes used in the electron transport chain.
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C57BL/6
C57BL/6, often referred to as "C57 black 6", "C57" or "black 6" (standard abbreviation: B6), is a common inbred strain of laboratory mouse.
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Calcium-activated potassium channel
Calcium-activated potassium channels are potassium channels gated by calcium, or that are structurally or phylogenetically related to calcium gated channels.
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Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly less dense than air.
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Cerebral infarction
A cerebral infarction is an area of necrotic tissue in the brain resulting from a blockage or narrowing in the arteries supplying blood and oxygen to the brain.
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Chirality
Chirality is a property of asymmetry important in several branches of science.
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Circulatory system
The circulatory system, also called the cardiovascular system or the vascular system, is an organ system that permits blood to circulate and transport nutrients (such as amino acids and electrolytes), oxygen, carbon dioxide, hormones, and blood cells to and from the cells in the body to provide nourishment and help in fighting diseases, stabilize temperature and pH, and maintain homeostasis.
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Coeliac disease
Coeliac disease, also spelled celiac disease, is a long-term autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the small intestine.
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Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract from mouth to anus.
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Cyclooxygenase
Cyclooxygenase (COX), officially known as prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase (PTGS), is an enzyme (specifically, a family of isozymes) that is responsible for formation of prostanoids, including thromboxane and prostaglandins such as prostacyclin, from arachidonic acid.
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CYP2J2
Cytochrome P450 2J2 (CYP2J2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP2J2 gene.
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CYP2U1
CYP2U1 (cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily U, polypeptide 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP2U1 gene.
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CYP4A11
Cytochrome P450 4A11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP4A11 gene.
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CYP4A22
CYP4A22 (cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily A, polypeptide 22) also known as fatty acid omega-hydroxylase is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CYP4A22 gene.
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CYP4F2
Leukotriene-B(4) omega-hydroxylase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP4F2 gene.
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CYP4F3
Leukotriene-B(4) omega-hydroxylase 2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CYP4F3 gene.
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CYP4Z1
CYP4Z1 (cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily Z, polypeptide 1) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CYP4Z1 gene.
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Cytochrome P450
Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) are proteins of the superfamily containing heme as a cofactor and, therefore, are hemoproteins.
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Cytochrome P450 omega hydroxylase
Cytochrome P450 omega hydroxylases, also termed cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylases, CYP450 omega hydroxylases, CYP450 ω-hydroxylases, CYP omega hydroxylase, CYP ω-hydroxylases, fatty acid omega hydroxylases, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, and fatty acid monooxygenases, are a set of cytochrome P450-containing enzymes that catalyze the addition of a hydroxyl residue to a fatty acid Substrate (chemistry).
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Docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is a primary structural component of the human brain, cerebral cortex, skin, and retina.
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Eicosanoid
Eicosanoids are signaling molecules made by the enzymatic or non-enzymatic oxidation of arachidonic acid or other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) that are, similar to arachidonic acid, 20 carbon units in length.
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Endothelin
Endothelins are peptides with receptors and effects in many body organs.
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Epoxide
An epoxide is a cyclic ether with a three-atom ring.
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Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid
The epoxyeicosatrienoic acids or EETs are signaling molecules formed within various types of cells by the metabolism of arachidonic acid by a specific subset of Cytochrome P450 enzymes termed cytochrome P450 epoxygenases.
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Epoxygenase
Epoxygenases are a set of membrane-bound, heme-containing cytochrome P450 (CYP P450 or just CYP) enzymes that metabolize polyunsaturated fatty acids to epoxide products that have a range of biological activities.
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Essential hypertension
Essential hypertension (also called primary hypertension or idiopathic hypertension) is the form of hypertension that by definition has no identifiable cause.
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Extracellular signal–regulated kinases
In molecular biology, extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERKs) or classical MAP kinases are widely expressed protein kinase intracellular signalling molecules that are involved in functions including the regulation of meiosis, mitosis, and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells.
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Furosemide
Furosemide, sold under the brand name Lasix among others, is a medication used to treat fluid build-up due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease.
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Gemfibrozil
Gemfibrozil is the generic name for an oral drug used to lower lipid levels.
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Gene knockout
A gene knockout (abbreviation: KO) is a genetic technique in which one of an organism's genes is made inoperative ("knocked out" of the organism).
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Gene polymorphism
A gene is said to be polymorphic if more than one allele occupies that gene’s locus within a population.
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Glioma
A glioma is a type of tumor that starts in the glial cells of the brain or the spine.
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Glucuronidation
Glucuronidation is often involved in drug metabolism of substances such as drugs, pollutants, bilirubin, androgens, estrogens, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, fatty acid derivatives, retinoids, and bile acids.
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Glucuronosyltransferase
Uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase (UDP-glucuronosyltransferase, UGT) is a cytosolic glycosyltransferase that catalyzes the transfer of the glucuronic acid component of UDP-glucuronic acid to a small hydrophobic molecule.
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Haplotype
A haplotype (haploid genotype) is a group of alleles in an organism that are inherited together from a single parent.
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Heme
Heme or haem is a coordination complex "consisting of an iron ion coordinated to a porphyrin acting as a tetradentate ligand, and to one or two axial ligands." The definition is loose, and many depictions omit the axial ligands.
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Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited diseases whose main feature is a progressive gait disorder.
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Homology (biology)
In biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa.
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Hsp90
Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) is a chaperone protein that assists other proteins to fold properly, stabilizes proteins against heat stress, and aids in protein degradation.
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Human umbilical vein endothelial cell
Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) are cells derived from the endothelium of veins from the umbilical cord.
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Hypertension
Hypertension (HTN or HT), also known as high blood pressure (HBP), is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.
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Inflammation
Inflammation (from inflammatio) is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators.
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Intron
An intron is any nucleotide sequence within a gene that is removed by RNA splicing during maturation of the final RNA product.
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Isoliquiritigenin
Isoliquiritigenin is a phenolic chemical compound found in licorice.
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L-type calcium channel
The L-type calcium channel (also known as the dihydropyridine channel, or DHP channel) is part of the high-voltage activated family of voltage-dependent calcium channel.
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Laboratory rat
A laboratory rat or lab rat is a rat of the species Rattus norvegicus (brown rat) which is bred and kept for scientific research.
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Lauric acid
Lauric acid or systematically, dodecanoic acid, is a saturated fatty acid with a 12-carbon atom chain, thus having many properties of medium chain fatty acids, is a white, powdery solid with a faint odor of bay oil or soap.
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Leukotriene B4
Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is a leukotriene involved in inflammation.
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List of breast cancer cell lines
Scientists study the behaviour of isolated cells grown in the laboratory for insights into how cells function in the body in health and disease.
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MAPK/ERK pathway
The MAPK/ERK pathway (also known as the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway) is a chain of proteins in the cell that communicates a signal from a receptor on the surface of the cell to the DNA in the nucleus of the cell.
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MCF-7
MCF-7 is a breast cancer cell line isolated in 1970 from a 69-year-old Caucasian woman.
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Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic syndrome, sometimes known by other names, is a clustering of at least three of the five following medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels.
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Metalloproteinase
A metalloproteinase, or metalloprotease, is any protease enzyme whose catalytic mechanism involves a metal.
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MicroRNA
A microRNA (abbreviated miRNA) is a small non-coding RNA molecule (containing about 22 nucleotides) found in plants, animals and some viruses, that functions in RNA silencing and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression.
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Microsome
In cell biology, microsomes are vesicle-like artifacts re-formed from pieces of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) when eukaryotic cells are broken-up in the laboratory; microsomes are not present in healthy, living cells.
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Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double-membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic organisms.
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Myocardial infarction
Myocardial infarction (MI), commonly known as a heart attack, occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to a part of the heart, causing damage to the heart muscle.
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Na+/K+-ATPase
-ATPase (sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase, also known as the pump or sodium–potassium pump) is an enzyme (an electrogenic transmembrane ATPase) found in the plasma membrane of all animal cells.
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Na-K-Cl cotransporter
The Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC) is a protein that aids in the active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride into cells.
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NCI-60
The NCI-60 cancer cell line panel is a group of 60 human cancer cell lines used by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) for the screening of compounds to detect potential anticancer activity.
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Neovascularization
Neovascularization is the natural formation of new blood vessels (neo- + vascular + -ization), usually in the form of functional microvascular networks, capable of perfusion by red blood cells, that form to serve as collateral circulation in response to local poor perfusion or ischemia.
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Nephron
The nephron (from Greek νεφρός – nephros, meaning "kidney") is the microscopic structural and functional unit of the kidney.
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Neutrophil
Neutrophils (also known as neutrocytes) are the most abundant type of granulocytes and the most abundant (40% to 70%) type of white blood cells in most mammals.
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Nitric oxide
Nitric oxide (nitrogen oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless gas with the formula NO.
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Nitric oxide synthase
Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) are a family of enzymes catalyzing the production of nitric oxide (NO) from L-arginine.
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Non-small-cell lung carcinoma
Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is any type of epithelial lung cancer other than small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are a drug class that reduce pain, decrease fever, prevent blood clots and, in higher doses, decrease inflammation.
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Norepinephrine
Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter.
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Odds ratio
In statistics, the odds ratio (OR) is one of three main ways to quantify how strongly the presence or absence of property A is associated with the presence or absence of property B in a given population.
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Omega oxidation
Omega oxidation (ω-oxidation) is a process of fatty acid metabolism in some species of animals.
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Opioid
Opioids are substances that act on opioid receptors to produce morphine-like effects.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha), also known as NR1C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group C, member 1), is a nuclear receptor protein that in humans is encoded by the PPARA gene.
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (also called phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinases, PI 3-kinases, PI(3)Ks, PI-3Ks or by the HUGO official stem symbol for the gene family, PI3K(s)) are a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking, which in turn are involved in cancer.
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Platelet
Platelets, also called thrombocytes (from Greek θρόμβος, "clot" and κύτος, "cell"), are a component of blood whose function (along with the coagulation factors) is to react to bleeding from blood vessel injury by clumping, thereby initiating a blood clot.
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Positive feedback
Positive feedback is a process that occurs in a feedback loop in which the effects of a small disturbance on a system include an increase in the magnitude of the perturbation.
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Propanol
There are two isomers of propanol.
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Prostaglandin
The prostaglandins (PG) are a group of physiologically active lipid compounds having diverse hormone-like effects in animals.
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Prostaglandin G2
Prostaglandin G2 is an organic peroxide belonging to the family of prostaglandins.
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Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (prostaglandin G/H synthase and cyclooxygenase) (The HUGO official symbol is PTGS2; HGNC ID, HGNC:9605), also known as cyclooxygenase-2 or COX-2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PTGS2 gene.
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Protein kinase C
Protein kinase C, commonly abbreviated to PKC (EC 2.7.11.13), is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins, or a member of this family.
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Pseudogene
Pseudogenes are segments of DNA that are related to real genes.
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Reactive oxygen species
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are chemically reactive chemical species containing oxygen.
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Renin–angiotensin system
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) or the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) is a hormone system that regulates blood pressure and fluid balance.
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Single-nucleotide polymorphism
A single-nucleotide polymorphism, often abbreviated to SNP (plural), is a variation in a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome, where each variation is present to some appreciable degree within a population (e.g. > 1%).
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Smooth muscle tissue
Smooth muscle is an involuntary non-striated muscle.
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Sodium chloride
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions.
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Sodium–hydrogen antiporter 3
Sodium–hydrogen antiporter 3 also known as sodium–hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3) or solute carrier family 9 member 3 (SLC9A3) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC9A3 gene.
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Spontaneously hypertensive rat
Spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) is an animal model of essential (or primary) hypertension, used to study cardiovascular disease.
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Stereoisomerism
In stereochemistry, stereoisomers are isomeric molecules that have the same molecular formula and sequence of bonded atoms (constitution), but differ in the three-dimensional orientations of their atoms in space.
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Stroke
A stroke is a medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
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Superoxide
A superoxide is a compound that contains the superoxide anion, which has the chemical formula.
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T-47D
T-47D is a human breast cancer cell line commonly used in biomedical research involving the hormonal expression of cancer cells.
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Tag SNP
A tag SNP is a representative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in a region of the genome with high linkage disequilibrium that represents a group of SNPs called a haplotype.
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Three prime untranslated region
In molecular genetics, the three prime untranslated region (3'-UTR) is the section of messenger RNA (mRNA) that immediately follows the translation termination codon.
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Thrombosis
Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις thrómbōsis "clotting”) is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system.
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Thromboxane A2
Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a type of thromboxane that is produced by activated platelets and has prothrombotic properties: it stimulates activation of new platelets as well as increases platelet aggregation.
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Thromboxane B2
Thromboxane B2 is an inactive metabolite/product of thromboxane A2.
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Thromboxane receptor
The thromboxane receptor (TP) also known as the prostanoid TP receptor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TBXA2R gene, The thromboxane receptor is one among the five classes of prostanoid receptors and was the first eicosanoid receptor cloned.
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Transfection
Transfection is the process of deliberately introducing naked or purified nucleic acids into eukaryotic cells.
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Transgene
A transgene is a gene or genetic material that has been transferred naturally, or by any of a number of genetic engineering techniques from one organism to another.
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TRPV1
The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TrpV1), also known as the capsaicin receptor and the vanilloid receptor 1, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the TRPV1 gene.
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Tunica intima
The tunica intima (New Latin "inner coat"), or intima for short, is the innermost tunica (layer) of an artery or vein.
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Vascular endothelial growth factor A
Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the VEGFA gene.
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Vasoconstriction
Vasoconstriction is the narrowing of the blood vessels resulting from contraction of the muscular wall of the vessels, in particular the large arteries and small arterioles.
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Vasodilation
Vasodilation is the widening of blood vessels.
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Vasopressin
Vasopressin, also named antidiuretic hormone (ADH), arginine vasopressin (AVP) or argipressin, is a hormone synthesized as a peptide prohormone in neurons in the hypothalamus, and is converted to AVP.
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Von Willebrand factor
Von Willebrand factor (vWF) is a blood glycoprotein involved in hemostasis.
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12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
12-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) is a derivative of the 20 carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid, arachidonic acid, containing a Hydroxyl residue at carbon 12 and a 5Z,8Z,10E,14Z Cis–trans isomerism configuration (Z.
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5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid
5-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (5-HETE, 5(S)-HETE, or 5S-HETE) is an eicosanoid, i.e. a metabolite of arachidonic acid.
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5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid
5-Oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid (i.e. 5-oxo-6E,8Z,11Z,14Z-eicosatetraenoic acid; also termed 5-oxo-ETE and 5-oxoETE) is a Nonclassic eicosanoid metabolite of arachidonic acid and the most potent naturally occurring member of the 5-HETE family of cell signaling agents.
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Redirects here:
20-HETE, 20-hydroxyarachidonic acid, 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid
