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200 relations: Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Abdoulaye Wade, ActionAid, Africa, African Union, African Union Commission, Airborne early warning and control, Algeria, Anarchism, Angela Merkel, Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement, Anti-globalization movement, Australia, Bali, Ban Ki-moon, Bill Nighy, Brazil, CAFOD, Canada, CARE (relief agency), Chairperson of the African Union, Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Chancellor of Germany (1949–present), China, Christian Aid, Citizen journalism, Civil service, Climate change, Commonwealth of Independent States, Cool Earth 50, Cost, Debt relief, Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia), Director-General of the World Trade Organization, Dissident, Dmitry Medvedev, End Water Poverty, Ethiopia, European Commission, European Union, Felipe Calderón, Fighter aircraft, Food, Food prices, France, Freedom of speech, G7 Research Group, G8+5, George W. Bush, Germany, ..., Ghana, Gleneagles (Scotland), Global warming, Gordon Brown, Group of Eight, Group of Seven, Heiligendamm, Helmut Schmidt, HIV/AIDS, Hu Jintao, Human rights, Independent Media Center, India, Indonesia, Infrastructure Consortium for Africa, Intellectual property, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, International Atomic Energy Agency, International Energy Agency, Internet service provider, Iran, Italy, Jakaya Kikwete, Japan, Jean Ping, John Kufuor, José Manuel Barroso, Kaiju, Kamagasaki, Kōichirō Matsuura, Kevin Rudd, Kgalema Motlanthe, Lake Tōya, Lee Myung-bak, Left-wing politics, List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, Malaria, Manmohan Singh, Margaret Chan, Meles Zenawi, Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W221), Mexico, Millennium Development Goals, MIM-104 Patriot, Ministry of the Environment (Japan), Mohamed ElBaradei, Monster X Strikes Back: Attack the G8 Summit, Nago, New Chitose Airport, News media, Nicolas Sarkozy, Nigeria, Nobuo Tanaka, Non-governmental organization, North Korea, Odious debt, Office of the United States Trade Representative, Okinawa Prefecture, Osaka, Overseas Development Institute, Oxfam, Pacific Islands, Pacific Magazine, Pascal Lamy, People's Summit, President of Algeria, President of Brazil, President of France, President of Ghana, President of Indonesia, President of Mexico, President of Nigeria, President of Russia, President of Senegal, President of South Africa, President of South Korea, President of Tanzania, President of the European Commission, President of the European Council, President of the People's Republic of China, President of the United States, Prime Minister of Australia, Prime Minister of Canada, Prime Minister of Ethiopia, Prime Minister of India, Prime Minister of Italy, Prime Minister of Japan, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Reuters, Robert Zoellick, Russia, Saint Petersburg, Sapporo, Save the Children, Scotland, Secretary-General of the United Nations, Security, Security Police (Japan), Senegal, Sergey Lebedev (politician), Silvio Berlusconi, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Speculation, Stephen Harper, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Tanabata, Tanzania, Tavau Teii, Tōyako, Hokkaido, Tearfund, The Times, The Windsor Hotel Toya Resort & Spa, Tokyo, Tokyo International Conference on African Development, Trade justice, Tuberculosis, Tuvalu, TV Asahi, Umaru Musa Yar'Adua, UNESCO, United Kingdom, United Nations, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, United States, University of Toronto, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Via Campesina, Warship, WaterAid, West Germany, WikiLeaks, World Bank, World economy, World Health Organization, World Trade Organization, World Vision International, Yasuo Fukuda, Z Communications, Zimbabwe, 1st G6 summit, 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference, 2007–08 world food price crisis, 30th G8 summit, 31st G8 summit, 32nd G8 summit, 33rd G8 summit, 35th G8 summit. Expand index (150 more) »
Abdelaziz Bouteflika
Abdelaziz Bouteflika, GColIH (عبد العزيز بوتفليقة ‘Abd al-‘Azīz Būtaflīqa; born 2 March 1937) is an Algerian politician who has been the fifth President of Algeria since 1999.
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Abdoulaye Wade
Abdoulaye Wade (born 29 May 1926), Encyclopedia of the Nations.
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ActionAid
ActionAid is an international non-governmental organization whose primary aim is to work against poverty and injustice worldwide.
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Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).
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African Union
The African Union (AU) is a continental union consisting of all 55 countries on the African continent, extending slightly into Asia via the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.
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African Union Commission
The Commission of the African Union acts as the executive/administrative branch or secretariat of the AU (and is somewhat analogous to the European Commission).
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Airborne early warning and control
An airborne early warning and control (AEW&C) system is an airborne radar picket system designed to detect aircraft, ships and vehicles at long ranges and perform command and control of the battlespace in an air engagement by directing fighter and attack aircraft strikes.
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Algeria
Algeria (الجزائر, familary Algerian Arabic الدزاير; ⴷⵣⴰⵢⴻⵔ; Dzayer; Algérie), officially the People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a sovereign state in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast.
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Anarchism
Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions.
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Angela Merkel
Angela Dorothea Merkel (Kasner, born 17 July 1954) is a German politician serving as Chancellor of Germany since 2005 and leader of the centre-right Christian Democratic Union (CDU) since 2000.
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Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
The Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA) is a multinational treaty for the purpose of establishing international standards for intellectual property rights enforcement.
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Anti-globalization movement
The anti-globalization movement, or counter-globalisation movement, is a social movement critical of economic globalization.
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Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands.
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Bali
Bali (Balinese:, Indonesian: Pulau Bali, Provinsi Bali) is an island and province of Indonesia with the biggest Hindu population.
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Ban Ki-moon
Ban Ki-moon (born 13 June 1944) is a South Korean politician and diplomat who was the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations from January 2007 to December 2016.
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Bill Nighy
William Francis Nighy OBE (born 12 December 1949) is an English actor and voice artist.
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Brazil
Brazil (Brasil), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (República Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America.
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CAFOD
The Catholic Agency For Overseas Development (CAFOD), previously known as the Catholic Fund for Overseas Development, is the Catholic aid agency for England and Wales.
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Canada
Canada is a country located in the northern part of North America.
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CARE (relief agency)
CARE (Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere, formerly Cooperative for American Remittances to Europe) is a major international humanitarian agency delivering emergency relief and long-term international development projects.
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Chairperson of the African Union
The Chairperson of the African Union is the ceremonial head of the African Union elected by the Assembly of Heads of State and Government for a one-year term.
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Chairperson of the African Union Commission
The Chairperson of the African Union Commission is the head of the African Union Commission.
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Chancellor of Germany (1949–present)
The Federal Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (in German called Bundeskanzler(in), meaning "Federal Chancellor", or in) for short) is, under the German 1949 Constitution, the head of government of Germany.
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China
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a unitary one-party sovereign state in East Asia and the world's most populous country, with a population of around /1e9 round 3 billion.
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Christian Aid
Christian Aid is the official relief and development agency of 41 British and Irish churches, and works to support sustainable development, stop poverty, support civil society and provide disaster relief in South America, the Caribbean, Africa and Asia (Including the Middle East).
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Citizen journalism
The concept of citizen journalism (also known as "public", "participatory", "democratic", "guerrilla" or "street" journalism) is based upon public citizens "playing an active role in the process of collecting, reporting, analyzing, and disseminating news and information."Bowman, S. and Willis, C. "" 2003, The Media Center at the American Press Institute.
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Civil service
The civil service is independent of government and composed mainly of career bureaucrats hired on professional merit rather than appointed or elected, whose institutional tenure typically survives transitions of political leadership.
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Climate change
Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns when that change lasts for an extended period of time (i.e., decades to millions of years).
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Commonwealth of Independent States
The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; r), also nicknamed the Russian Commonwealth (in order to distinguish it from the Commonwealth of Nations), is a political and economic intergovernmental organization of nine member states and one associate member, all of which are former Soviet Republics located in Eurasia (primarily in Central to North Asia), formed following the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
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Cool Earth 50
Cool Earth 50 (also known as Cool Earth) is a plan developed by Japan to reduce global CO2 emissions 50% by 2050, which was discussed at the 34th G8 summit.
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Cost
In production, research, retail, and accounting, a cost is the value of money that has been used up to produce something or deliver a service, and hence is not available for use anymore.
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Debt relief
Debt relief or debt cancellation is the partial or total forgiveness of debt, or the slowing or stopping of debt growth, owed by individuals, corporations, or nations.
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Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (Australia)
The Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (also called DFAT, ˈdiː.fæˑt, DEE-fat) is the department of the Government of Australia with the responsibility of the foreign policy, foreign relations, foreign aid, consular services, and trade and investment of the Commonwealth of Australia.
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Director-General of the World Trade Organization
The Director-General of the World Trade Organization is responsible for supervising the administrative functions of the World Trade Organization (WTO).
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Dissident
A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution.
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Dmitry Medvedev
Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev (p; born 14 September 1965) is a Russian politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Russia since 2012.
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End Water Poverty
End Water Poverty is an international campaign calling for sanitation and potable water for all.
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Ethiopia
Ethiopia (ኢትዮጵያ), officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (የኢትዮጵያ ፌዴራላዊ ዲሞክራሲያዊ ሪፐብሊክ, yeʾĪtiyoṗṗya Fēdēralawī Dēmokirasīyawī Rīpebilīk), is a country located in the Horn of Africa.
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European Commission
The European Commission (EC) is an institution of the European Union, responsible for proposing legislation, implementing decisions, upholding the EU treaties and managing the day-to-day business of the EU.
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European Union
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of EUnum member states that are located primarily in Europe.
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Felipe Calderón
Felipe de Jesús Calderón Hinojosa, GCB, R.E. (born 18 August 1962) is a Mexican politician who served as President of Mexico from 1 December 2006, to 30 November 2012.
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Fighter aircraft
A fighter aircraft is a military aircraft designed primarily for air-to-air combat against other aircraft, as opposed to bombers and attack aircraft, whose main mission is to attack ground targets.
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Food
Food is any substance consumed to provide nutritional support for an organism.
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Food prices
Food prices refer to the (averaged) price level for food in particular countries or regions or on a global scale.
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France
France, officially the French Republic (République française), is a sovereign state whose territory consists of metropolitan France in Western Europe, as well as several overseas regions and territories.
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Freedom of speech
Freedom of speech is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or a community to articulate their opinions and ideas without fear of retaliation, censorship, or sanction.
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G7 Research Group
The G7 Research Group (formerly the G8 Research Group) is an independent source of information, analysis and research on the institutions, issues and members of the Group of Seven (formerly the Group of Eight) and the G7 Summit.
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G8+5
The Group of Eight + Five (G8+5) was an international group that consisted of the leaders of the heads of government from the G8 nations (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Russia), plus the heads of government of the five leading emerging economies (Brazil, China, India, Mexico, and South Africa).
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Ghana
Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa.
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Gleneagles (Scotland)
Gleneagles (Scottish Gaelic: Gleann na h-Eaglais/Gleann Eagas) is a glen which connects with Glen Devon to form a pass through the Ochil Hills of Perth and Kinross in Scotland.
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Global warming
Global warming, also referred to as climate change, is the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.
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Gordon Brown
James Gordon Brown (born 20 February 1951) is a British politician who was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Labour Party from 2007 to 2010.
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Group of Eight
The G8, reformatted as G7 from 2014 due to the suspension of Russia's participation, was an inter-governmental political forum from 1997 until 2014, with the participation of some major industrialized countries in the world, that viewed themselves as democracies.
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Group of Seven
The Group of Seven (G7) is a group consisting of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
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Heiligendamm
Heiligendamm is a German seaside resort, founded in 1793.
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Helmut Schmidt
Helmut Heinrich Waldemar Schmidt (23 December 1918 – 10 November 2015) was a German politician and member of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD), who served as Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) from 1974 to 1982.
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HIV/AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is a spectrum of conditions caused by infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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Hu Jintao
---- Hu Jintao (born 21 December 1942) is a Chinese politician who was the paramount leader of China from 2002 to 2012.
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Human rights
Human rights are moral principles or normsJames Nickel, with assistance from Thomas Pogge, M.B.E. Smith, and Leif Wenar, December 13, 2013, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy,, Retrieved August 14, 2014 that describe certain standards of human behaviour and are regularly protected as natural and legal rights in municipal and international law.
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Independent Media Center
The Independent Media Center (also known as Indymedia or IMC) is a far-left open publishing network of journalist collectives that report on political and social issues.
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India
India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.
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Indonesia
Indonesia (or; Indonesian), officially the Republic of Indonesia (Republik Indonesia), is a transcontinental unitary sovereign state located mainly in Southeast Asia, with some territories in Oceania.
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Infrastructure Consortium for Africa
The (ICA) was launched at the 2005 G8 Gleneagles Summit, with the mission to help improve the lives and economic well-being of African people by supporting and promoting increased infrastructure investment from both public and private sources.
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Intellectual property
Intellectual property (IP) is a category of property that includes intangible creations of the human intellect, and primarily encompasses copyrights, patents, and trademarks.
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Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is a scientific and intergovernmental body under the auspices of the United Nations, set up at the request of member governments, dedicated to the task of providing the world with an objective, scientific view of climate change and its political and economic impacts.
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International Atomic Energy Agency
The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons.
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International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency (IEA) (Agence internationale de l'énergie) is a Paris-based autonomous intergovernmental organization established in the framework of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1974 in the wake of the 1973 oil crisis.
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Internet service provider
An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or participating in the Internet.
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Iran
Iran (ایران), also known as Persia, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. With over 81 million inhabitants, Iran is the world's 18th-most-populous country. Comprising a land area of, it is the second-largest country in the Middle East and the 17th-largest in the world. Iran is bordered to the northwest by Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan, to the north by the Caspian Sea, to the northeast by Turkmenistan, to the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, to the south by the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman, and to the west by Turkey and Iraq. The country's central location in Eurasia and Western Asia, and its proximity to the Strait of Hormuz, give it geostrategic importance. Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading economic and cultural center. Iran is home to one of the world's oldest civilizations, beginning with the formation of the Elamite kingdoms in the fourth millennium BCE. It was first unified by the Iranian Medes in the seventh century BCE, reaching its greatest territorial size in the sixth century BCE, when Cyrus the Great founded the Achaemenid Empire, which stretched from Eastern Europe to the Indus Valley, becoming one of the largest empires in history. The Iranian realm fell to Alexander the Great in the fourth century BCE and was divided into several Hellenistic states. An Iranian rebellion culminated in the establishment of the Parthian Empire, which was succeeded in the third century CE by the Sasanian Empire, a leading world power for the next four centuries. Arab Muslims conquered the empire in the seventh century CE, displacing the indigenous faiths of Zoroastrianism and Manichaeism with Islam. Iran made major contributions to the Islamic Golden Age that followed, producing many influential figures in art and science. After two centuries, a period of various native Muslim dynasties began, which were later conquered by the Turks and the Mongols. The rise of the Safavids in the 15th century led to the reestablishment of a unified Iranian state and national identity, with the country's conversion to Shia Islam marking a turning point in Iranian and Muslim history. Under Nader Shah, Iran was one of the most powerful states in the 18th century, though by the 19th century, a series of conflicts with the Russian Empire led to significant territorial losses. Popular unrest led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and the country's first legislature. A 1953 coup instigated by the United Kingdom and the United States resulted in greater autocracy and growing anti-Western resentment. Subsequent unrest against foreign influence and political repression led to the 1979 Revolution and the establishment of an Islamic republic, a political system that includes elements of a parliamentary democracy vetted and supervised by a theocracy governed by an autocratic "Supreme Leader". During the 1980s, the country was engaged in a war with Iraq, which lasted for almost nine years and resulted in a high number of casualties and economic losses for both sides. According to international reports, Iran's human rights record is exceptionally poor. The regime in Iran is undemocratic, and has frequently persecuted and arrested critics of the government and its Supreme Leader. Women's rights in Iran are described as seriously inadequate, and children's rights have been severely violated, with more child offenders being executed in Iran than in any other country in the world. Since the 2000s, Iran's controversial nuclear program has raised concerns, which is part of the basis of the international sanctions against the country. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action, an agreement reached between Iran and the P5+1, was created on 14 July 2015, aimed to loosen the nuclear sanctions in exchange for Iran's restriction in producing enriched uranium. Iran is a founding member of the UN, ECO, NAM, OIC, and OPEC. It is a major regional and middle power, and its large reserves of fossil fuels – which include the world's largest natural gas supply and the fourth-largest proven oil reserves – exert considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy. The country's rich cultural legacy is reflected in part by its 22 UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the third-largest number in Asia and eleventh-largest in the world. Iran is a multicultural country comprising numerous ethnic and linguistic groups, the largest being Persians (61%), Azeris (16%), Kurds (10%), and Lurs (6%).
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Italy
Italy (Italia), officially the Italian Republic (Repubblica Italiana), is a sovereign state in Europe.
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Jakaya Kikwete
Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete (born 7 October 1951) was the fourth President of Tanzania, in office from 2005 to 2015.
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Japan
Japan (日本; Nippon or Nihon; formally 日本国 or Nihon-koku, lit. "State of Japan") is a sovereign island country in East Asia.
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Jean Ping
Jean Ping (born 24 November 1942).
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John Kufuor
John Kofi Agyekum Kufuor (born 8 December 1938) is a Ghanaian politician who was President of Ghana from 7 January 2001 to 7 January 2009.
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José Manuel Barroso
José Manuel Durão Barroso (born 23 March 1956) is a Portuguese politician who is the current non-executive chairman at Goldman Sachs International.
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Kaiju
(from Japanese "strange beast") is a Japanese film genre that features giant monsters, usually attacking major cities and engaging the military and other monsters in battle.
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Kamagasaki
is an old place name for a part of Nishinari-ku in Osaka, Japan.
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Kōichirō Matsuura
is a Japanese diplomat.
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Kevin Rudd
Kevin Michael Rudd (born 21 September 1957) is a former Australian politician who was the 26th Prime Minister of Australia, serving from December 2007 to June 2010 and again from June to September 2013.
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Kgalema Motlanthe
Kgalema Petrus Motlanthe (born 19 July 1949) is a South African politician who served as President of South Africa between 25 September 2008 and 9 May 2009, following the resignation of Thabo Mbeki.
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Lake Tōya
is a volcanic caldera lake in Shikotsu-Toya National Park, Abuta District, Hokkaidō, Japan.
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Lee Myung-bak
Lee Myung-bak (born 19 December 1941) is a South Korean politician and businessman who served as President of South Korea from 2008 to 2013.
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Left-wing politics
Left-wing politics supports social equality and egalitarianism, often in opposition to social hierarchy.
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List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions
This is a list of sovereign states and territories by carbon dioxide emissions due to certain forms of human activity, based on the EDGAR database created by European Commission and Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency released in 2015.
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Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (born 27 October 1945), popularly known as Lula, is a Brazilian politician and former union leader, who served as the 35th President of Brazil from 2003 to 2011.
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Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease affecting humans and other animals caused by parasitic protozoans (a group of single-celled microorganisms) belonging to the Plasmodium type.
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Manmohan Singh
Manmohan Singh (born 26 September 1932) is an Indian economist and politician who served as the Prime Minister of India from 2004 to 2014.
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Margaret Chan
Margaret Chan Fung Fu-chun,, JP (born August 21, 1947) is a Chinese-Canadian physician, who served as the Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO) delegating the People's Republic of China for 2006–2017.
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Meles Zenawi
Meles Zenawi Asres (Ge'ez: መለስ ዜናዊ አስረስ mäläs zenawi asräs;; birth name Legesse Meles Zenawi Asres 9 May 1955 – 20 August 2012) was the Prime Minister of Ethiopia from 1995 to his death in 2012.
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Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W221)
The Mercedes-Benz W221 is a chassis code of S-Class, the successor of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W220) and the predecessor of the Mercedes-Benz S-Class (W222).
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Mexico
Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.
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Millennium Development Goals
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) were the eight international development goals for the year 2015 that had been established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration.
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MIM-104 Patriot
The MIM-104 Patriot is a surface-to-air missile (SAM) system, the primary of its kind used by the United States Army and several allied nations.
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Ministry of the Environment (Japan)
The is a Cabinet-level ministry of the government of Japan responsible for global environmental conservation, pollution control, and nature conservation.
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Mohamed ElBaradei
Mohamed Mustafa ElBaradei (محمد مصطفى البرادعى,,; born 17 June 1942) is an Egyptian law scholar and diplomat who was the last Vice-President of Egypt serving on an interim basis from 14 July 2013 until his resignation on 14 August 2013.
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Monster X Strikes Back: Attack the G8 Summit
Monster X Strikes Back: Attack the G8 Summit (Girara no Gyakushū: Tōyako Samitto Kiki Ippatsu lit. Guilala Strikes Back: the Tōyako Summit Attack Crisis) is a 2008 Japanese kaiju comedy film, released by Shochiku and produced by the Guilala Production Committee.
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Nago
is a city located in the northern part of Okinawa Island, Okinawa Prefecture, Japan.
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New Chitose Airport
is an international airport located south-southeast of Chitose and Tomakomai, Hokkaidō, Japan, serving the Sapporo metropolitan area.
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News media
The news media or news industry are forms of mass media that focus on delivering news to the general public or a target public.
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Nicolas Sarkozy
Nicolas Paul Stéphane Sarközy de Nagy-Bocsa KOGF GCB (born 28 January 1955) is a French politician who served as President of France and ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra from 16 May 2007 until 15 May 2012.
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Nigeria
Nigeria, officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria is a federal republic in West Africa, bordering Benin in the west, Chad and Cameroon in the east, and Niger in the north.
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Nobuo Tanaka
is the Japanese official and the former Executive Director of the International Energy Agency.
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Non-governmental organization
Non-governmental organizations, nongovernmental organizations, or nongovernment organizations, commonly referred to as NGOs, are usually non-profit and sometimes international organizations independent of governments and international governmental organizations (though often funded by governments) that are active in humanitarian, educational, health care, public policy, social, human rights, environmental, and other areas to effect changes according to their objectives.
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North Korea
North Korea (Chosŏn'gŭl:조선; Hanja:朝鮮; Chosŏn), officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (abbreviated as DPRK, PRK, DPR Korea, or Korea DPR), is a country in East Asia constituting the northern part of the Korean Peninsula.
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Odious debt
In international law, odious debt, also known as illegitimate debt, is a legal theory that says that the national debt incurred by a despotic regime should not be enforceable.
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Office of the United States Trade Representative
The Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR) is the United States government agency responsible for developing and recommending United States trade policy to the President of the United States, conducting trade negotiations at bilateral and multilateral levels, and coordinating trade policy within the government through the interagency Trade Policy Staff Committee (TPSC) and Trade Policy Review Group (TPRG).
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Okinawa Prefecture
is the southernmost prefecture of Japan.
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Osaka
() is a designated city in the Kansai region of Japan.
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Overseas Development Institute
The Overseas Development Institute (ODI) is an independent think tank on international development and humanitarian issues, founded in 1960.
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Oxfam
Oxfam is a confederation of 20 independent charitable organizations focusing on the alleviation of global poverty, founded in 1942 and led by Oxfam International.
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Pacific Islands
The Pacific Islands are the islands of the Pacific Ocean.
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Pacific Magazine
Pacific Magazine was a regional news and current affairs magazine and online news agency specializing in the coverage of the Pacific Islands region, including Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia.
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Pascal Lamy
Pascal Lamy (born 8 April 1947) is a French political consultant and businessman.
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People's Summit
The People's Summit was an annual conference in Chicago held by a group of progressive political organizations in the United States.
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President of Algeria
The President of Algeria is the head of state and chief executive of Algeria, as well as the commander-in-chief of the Algerian People's National Armed Forces.
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President of Brazil
The President of Brazil, officially the President of the Federative Republic of Brazil (Presidente da República Federativa do Brasil) or simply the President of the Republic, is both the head of state and the head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil.
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President of France
The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française) is the executive head of state of France in the French Fifth Republic.
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President of Ghana
The President of the Republic of Ghana is the elected head of state and head of government of Ghana, as well as Commander-in-Chief of the Ghana Armed Forces.
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President of Indonesia
The President of the Republic of Indonesia (Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the head of state and also head of government of the Republic of Indonesia.
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President of Mexico
The President of Mexico (Presidente de México), officially known as the President of the United Mexican States (Presidente de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos), is the head of state and government of Mexico.
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President of Nigeria
The President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria is the head of state and head of the national executive of Nigeria.
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President of Russia
The President of the Russian Federation (Prezident Rossiyskoy Federatsii) is the elected head of state of the Russian Federation, as well as holder of the highest office in Russia and commander-in-chief of the Russian Armed Forces.
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President of Senegal
The President of Senegal is the head of state of Senegal.
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President of South Africa
The President of the Republic of South Africa is the head of state and head of government under the Constitution of South Africa.
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President of South Korea
The President of the Republic of Korea is, according to the South Korean constitution, the chairperson of the cabinet, the chief executive of the government, commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and the head of state of South Korea.
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President of Tanzania
The President of the United Republic of Tanzania (Rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania) is the head of state and head of government of Tanzania.
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President of the European Commission
The President of the European Commission is the head of the European Commission, the executive branch of the:European Union.
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President of the European Council
The President of the European Council is a principal representative of the European Union (EU) on the world stage, and the person presiding over and driving forward the work of the European Council.
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President of the People's Republic of China
The President of the People's Republic of China is the head of state of the People's Republic of China.
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President of the United States
The President of the United States (POTUS) is the head of state and head of government of the United States of America.
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Prime Minister of Australia
The Prime Minister of Australia (sometimes informally abbreviated to PM) is the head of government of Australia.
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Prime Minister of Canada
The Prime Minister of Canada (Premier ministre du Canada) is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus Canada's head of government, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or Governor General of Canada on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution.
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Prime Minister of Ethiopia
The Prime Minister of Ethiopia is the head of the Ethiopian government and the most powerful figure in Ethiopian politics.
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Prime Minister of India
The Prime Minister of India is the leader of the executive of the Government of India.
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Prime Minister of Italy
The President of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei ministri della Repubblica Italiana), commonly referred to in Italy as Presidente del Consiglio, or informally as Premier and known in English as the Prime Minister of Italy, is the head of government of the Italian Republic.
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Prime Minister of Japan
The is the head of government of Japan.
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Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is the head of the United Kingdom government.
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Reuters
Reuters is an international news agency headquartered in London, United Kingdom.
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Robert Zoellick
Robert Bruce Zoellick (born July 25, 1953) is an American public official and lawyer who was the eleventh president of the World Bank, a position he held from July 1, 2007 to June 30, 2012.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg (p) is Russia's second-largest city after Moscow, with 5 million inhabitants in 2012, part of the Saint Petersburg agglomeration with a population of 6.2 million (2015).
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Sapporo
is the fifth largest city of Japan by population, and the largest city on the northern Japanese island of Hokkaido.
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Save the Children
The Save the Children Fund, commonly known as Save the Children, is an international non-governmental organisation that promotes children's rights, provides relief and helps support children in developing countries.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Secretary-General of the United Nations
The Secretary-General of the United Nations (UNSG or just SG) is the head of the United Nations Secretariat, one of the six principal organs of the United Nations.
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Security
Security is freedom from, or resilience against, potential harm (or other unwanted coercive change) from external forces.
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Security Police (Japan)
The, is the Japanese close protection unit mandated with the responsibility of protecting domestic and foreign VIPs on Japanese soil and abroad.
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Senegal
Senegal (Sénégal), officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country in West Africa.
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Sergey Lebedev (politician)
Sergei Nikolaevich Lebedev (p; born 9 April 1948) is an Uzbekistan-born Russian political figure who has been the Executive Secretary of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) since 2007.
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Silvio Berlusconi
Silvio Berlusconi (born 29 September 1936) is an Italian media tycoon and politician who has served as Prime Minister of Italy in four governments.
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South Africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.
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South Korea
South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea (대한민국; Hanja: 大韓民國; Daehan Minguk,; lit. "The Great Country of the Han People"), is a country in East Asia, constituting the southern part of the Korean Peninsula and lying east to the Asian mainland.
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Spain
Spain (España), officially the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España), is a sovereign state mostly located on the Iberian Peninsula in Europe.
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Speculation
Speculation is the purchase of an asset (a commodity, goods, or real estate) with the hope that it will become more valuable at a future date.
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Stephen Harper
Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is a Canadian economist, entrepreneur, and retired politician who served as the 22nd Prime Minister of Canada, from February 6, 2006, to November 4, 2015.
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Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono (born 9 September 1949) (pronounced) is an Indonesian politician and retired Army general officer who was the President of Indonesia from 2004 to 2014.
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Tanabata
, also known as the Star Festival, is a Japanese festival originating from the Chinese Qixi Festival.
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Tanzania
Tanzania, officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a sovereign state in eastern Africa within the African Great Lakes region.
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Tavau Teii
Tavau Teii is a political figure from the Pacific nation of Tuvalu.
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Tōyako, Hokkaido
is a town in Iburi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Tearfund
Tearfund is a UK Christian relief and development agency based in Teddington.
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The Times
The Times is a British daily (Monday to Saturday) national newspaper based in London, England.
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The Windsor Hotel Toya Resort & Spa
is a resort hotel located in Tōyako, Abuta, Hokkaidō, Japan.
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Tokyo
, officially, is one of the 47 prefectures of Japan and has been the capital since 1869.
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Tokyo International Conference on African Development
is a conference held regularly with the objective "to promote high-level policy dialogue between African leaders and development partners." Japan is a co-host of these conferences.
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Trade justice
Trade justice is a campaign by non-governmental organisations, plus efforts by other actors, to change the rules and practices of world trade in order to promote fairness.
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Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).
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Tuvalu
Tuvalu, formerly known as the Ellice Islands, is a Polynesian island nation located in the Pacific Ocean, about midway between Hawaii and Australia, lying east-northeast of the Santa Cruz Islands (belonging to the Solomons), southeast of Nauru, south of Kiribati, west of Tokelau, northwest of Samoa and Wallis and Futuna and north of Fiji.
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TV Asahi
, also known as EX and, is a Japanese television network with its headquarters in Roppongi, Minato, Tokyo, Japan.
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Umaru Musa Yar'Adua
Umaru Musa Yar'Adua (16 August 19515 May 2010) was the 13th president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
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UNESCO
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO; Organisation des Nations unies pour l'éducation, la science et la culture) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) based in Paris.
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United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain,Usage is mixed with some organisations, including the and preferring to use Britain as shorthand for Great Britain is a sovereign country in western Europe.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty adopted on 9 May 1992 and opened for signature at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro from 3 to 14 June 1992.
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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University of Toronto
The University of Toronto (U of T, UToronto, or Toronto) is a public research university in Toronto, Ontario, Canada on the grounds that surround Queen's Park.
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Valéry Giscard d'Estaing
Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (born 2 February 1926), also known as Giscard or VGE, is a French author and elder statesman who served as President of France from 1974 to 1981 and is now a member of the Constitutional Council.
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Via Campesina
La Vía Campesina (from Spanish la vía campesina, the campesino way, or the peasants' way) was founded in 1993 by farmers organizations from Europe, Latin America, Asia, North America, Central America and Africa.
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Warship
A warship is a naval ship that is built and primarily intended for naval warfare.
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WaterAid
WaterAid is an international non-profit organization that was set up in 1981 as a response to the UN International Drinking Water & Sanitation decade (1981–1990).
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West Germany
West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD) in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990.
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WikiLeaks
WikiLeaks is an international non-profit organisation that publishes secret information, news leaks, and classified media provided by anonymous sources.
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World Bank
The World Bank (Banque mondiale) is an international financial institution that provides loans to countries of the world for capital projects.
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World economy
The world economy or global economy is the economy of the world, considered as the international exchange of goods and services that is expressed in monetary units of account (money).
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World Health Organization
The World Health Organization (WHO; French: Organisation mondiale de la santé) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is concerned with international public health.
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World Trade Organization
The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an intergovernmental organization that regulates international trade.
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World Vision International
World Vision International is an Evangelical Christian humanitarian aid, development, and advocacy organization.
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Yasuo Fukuda
was the 58th Prime Minister of Japan, serving from 2007 to 2008.
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Z Communications
Z Communications is a left-wing activist-oriented media group founded in 1986 by Michael Albert and Lydia Sargent.
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Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe, officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers, bordered by South Africa, Botswana, Zambia and Mozambique. The capital and largest city is Harare. A country of roughly million people, Zimbabwe has 16 official languages, with English, Shona, and Ndebele the most commonly used. Since the 11th century, present-day Zimbabwe has been the site of several organised states and kingdoms as well as a major route for migration and trade. The British South Africa Company of Cecil Rhodes first demarcated the present territory during the 1890s; it became the self-governing British colony of Southern Rhodesia in 1923. In 1965, the conservative white minority government unilaterally declared independence as Rhodesia. The state endured international isolation and a 15-year guerrilla war with black nationalist forces; this culminated in a peace agreement that established universal enfranchisement and de jure sovereignty as Zimbabwe in April 1980. Zimbabwe then joined the Commonwealth of Nations, from which it was suspended in 2002 for breaches of international law by its then government and from which it withdrew from in December 2003. It is a member of the United Nations, the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA). It was once known as the "Jewel of Africa" for its prosperity. Robert Mugabe became Prime Minister of Zimbabwe in 1980, when his ZANU-PF party won the elections following the end of white minority rule; he was the President of Zimbabwe from 1987 until his resignation in 2017. Under Mugabe's authoritarian regime, the state security apparatus dominated the country and was responsible for widespread human rights violations. Mugabe maintained the revolutionary socialist rhetoric of the Cold War era, blaming Zimbabwe's economic woes on conspiring Western capitalist countries. Contemporary African political leaders were reluctant to criticise Mugabe, who was burnished by his anti-imperialist credentials, though Archbishop Desmond Tutu called him "a cartoon figure of an archetypal African dictator". The country has been in economic decline since the 1990s, experiencing several crashes and hyperinflation along the way. On 15 November 2017, in the wake of over a year of protests against his government as well as Zimbabwe's rapidly declining economy, Mugabe was placed under house arrest by the country's national army in a coup d'état. On 19 November 2017, ZANU-PF sacked Robert Mugabe as party leader and appointed former Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa in his place. On 21 November 2017, Mugabe tendered his resignation prior to impeachment proceedings being completed.
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1st G6 summit
The 1st G6 summit took place on 15–17 November 1975, in Rambouillet, France.
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2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference
The 2007 United Nations Climate Change Conference took place at the Bali International Conference Centre, Nusa Dua, in Bali, Indonesia, between December 3 and December 15, 2007 (though originally planned to end on 14 December).
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2007–08 world food price crisis
World food prices increased dramatically in 2007 and the first and second quarter of 2008, creating a global crisis and causing political and economic instability and social unrest in both poor and developed nations.
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30th G8 summit
The 30th G8 summit was held in Sea Island, Georgia, United States, on June 8–10, 2004.
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31st G8 summit
President George W. Bush of the United States, Prime Minister Paul Martin of Canada, President Jacques Chirac of France, Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi of Japan, Prime Minister Tony Blair of the United Kingdom, Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi of Italy, President Vladimir Putin of Russia, President José Manuel Barroso of the European Commission, Chancellor Gerhard Schröder of Germany --> The 31st G8 summit was held on July 6–8, 2005 at the Gleneagles Hotel in Auchterarder, Scotland, United Kingdom and hosted by British Prime Minister Tony Blair.
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32nd G8 summit
The 32nd G8 summit was held on 15–17 July 2006 in Saint Petersburg, Russia.
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33rd G8 summit
The 33rd G8 summit was held at Kempinski Grand Hotel, 6–8 June 2007.
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35th G8 summit
The 35th G8 summit was held in L'Aquila, Abruzzo, Italy, on July 8–10, 2009.
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Redirects here:
34th G8 Summit, G8 Summit 2008, Toyako summit.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/34th_G8_summit
