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254 relations: Abdul Hameed Nayyar, Abdus Salam (name), Abdus Salam Award, Abdus Salam Centre for Physics, Abdus Salam Chair in Physics, Abdus Salam Medal, Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences, Adams Prize, Aerospace engineering, Ahmadiyya, Air commodore, Ali Chamseddine, Anwar Sadat, Asghar Qadir, Atoms for Peace Award, Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan), Bahishti Maqbara, Balochistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, Black hole, Brigadier general, British literature, British undergraduate degree classification, C. R. Hagen, Cavendish Laboratory, CERN, Chief technology officer, Chirality (physics), Christopher Isham, Circle group, Civil decorations of Pakistan, Classical electromagnetism, Color charge, Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South, Constitution of Pakistan, Copley Medal, CP violation, Critical mass, Daily Times (Pakistan), Dawn (newspaper), Dawn News, Edward Bouchet Abdus Salam Institute, Edward Durell Stone, Electromagnetism, Electroweak interaction, Experimental physics, Faheem Hussain, Fayyazuddin, Fellow of the Royal Society, ..., Fluid dynamics, Fred Hoyle, Fundamental interaction, Gauge theory, Geography of Pakistan, Gerald Guralnik, Ghulam Dastagir Alam, Ghulam Murtaza (physicist), Global symmetry, Goldstone boson, Government College University (Lahore), Government of Pakistan, Government of Punjab, Pakistan, Grand Unified Theory, Hans Bethe, Higgs boson, Higgs mechanism, Honorary degree, Hughes Medal, Imperial College London, Imperial College Press, India and weapons of mass destruction, Indian Americans, Indian Civil Service (British India), Indian Railways, Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, International Centre for Theoretical Physics, International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics, Ishfaq Ahmad, Ishrat Hussain Usmani, Islamabad, J. 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Abdul Hameed Nayyar
Abdul Hameed Nayyar (Urdu: عبدلحمید نیّر) (born 9 January 1945) is a Pakistani physicist and nuclear activist.
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Abdus Salam (name)
Abdus Salam (عبد السلام.) is a male Muslim honorific or given name, built on the Arabic words Abd, al- and Salam.
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Abdus Salam Award
The Abdus Salam Award (sometimes called the Salam Prize), is a most prestigious award that is awarded annually to Pakistani nationals to the field of chemistry, mathematics, physics, biology.
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Abdus Salam Centre for Physics
The Professor Abdus Salam Centre for Physics (عبداسلام ادارہ برائے طبیعیات), previously known as the National Centre for Physics is an academic national research institute for physics and mathematical sciences located in Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Abdus Salam Chair in Physics
The Abdus Salam Chair in Physics, also known as Salam Chair in Physics, is an academic physics research institute of the Government College University at Lahore, Punjab province of Pakistan.
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Abdus Salam Medal
The Abdus Salam Medal (Official:Abdus Salam Medal for Science and Technology), is an award presented by TWAS, the academy of sciences for the developing world in Trieste.
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Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences
The Abdus Salam School of Mathematical Sciences (AS-SMS) is an autonomous institute affiliated with the Government College University Lahore, Pakistan.
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Adams Prize
The Adams Prize is one of the most prestigious prizes awarded by the University of Cambridge.
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Aerospace engineering
Aerospace engineering is the primary field of engineering concerned with the development of aircraft and spacecraft.
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Ahmadiyya
Ahmadiyya (officially, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community or the Ahmadiyya Muslim Jama'at; الجماعة الإسلامية الأحمدية, transliterated: al-Jamā'ah al-Islāmiyyah al-Aḥmadiyyah; احمدیہ مسلم جماعت) is an Islamic religious movement founded in Punjab, British India, in the late 19th century.
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Air commodore
Air commodore (abbreviated as Air Cdre in the RAF, IAF and PAF; AIRCDRE in the RNZAF and RAAF) is a one-star rank and the most junior general rank of the air-officer which originated in and continues to be used by the Royal Air Force.
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Ali Chamseddine
Ali H. Chamseddine (Arabic: علي شمس الدين, born 20 February 1953) is a Lebanese physicist known for his contributions to particle physics, general relativity and mathematical physics.
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Anwar Sadat
Muhammad Anwar el-Sadat (محمد أنور السادات, Egyptian muħæmmæd ˈʔɑnwɑɾ essæˈdæːt; 25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was the third President of Egypt, serving from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981.
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Asghar Qadir
Asghar Qadir (Urdu: اصغر قادر; 23 July 1946), ''HI'', ''SI'', ''FPAS'', is a Pakistani mathematician and a prominent cosmologist, specialised in mathematical physics and physical cosmology.
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Atoms for Peace Award
The Atoms for Peace Award was established in 1955 through a grant of $1,000,000 by the Ford Motor Company Fund.
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Ayub Khan (President of Pakistan)
Mohammad Ayub Khan (محمد ایوب خان; 14 May 1907 – 19 April 1974),, was a Pakistani military dictator and the 2nd President of Pakistan who forcibly assumed the presidency from 1st President through coup in 1958, the first successful coup d'état of the country. The popular demonstrations and labour strikes which were supported by the protests in East Pakistan ultimately led to his forced resignation in 1969., Retrieved 25 August 2015 Trained at the British Royal Military College, Ayub Khan fought in the World War II as a Colonel in the British Indian Army before deciding to transfer to join the Pakistan Army as an aftermath of partition of British India in 1947. His command assignment included his role as chief of staff of Eastern Command in East-Bengal and elevated as the first native commander-in-chief of Pakistan Army in 1951 by then-Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan in a controversial promotion over several senior officers., Retrieved 25 August 2015 From 1953–58, he served in the civilian government as Defence and Home Minister and supported Iskander Mirza's decision to impose martial law against Prime Minister Feroze Khan's administration in 1958., Retrieved 27 August 2015 Two weeks later, he took over the presidency from Mirza after the meltdown of civil-military relations between the military and the civilian President., Retrieved 25 August 2015 After appointing General Musa Khan as an army chief in 1958, the policy inclination towards the alliance with the United States was pursued that saw the allowance of American access to facilities inside Pakistan, most notably the airbase outside of Peshawar, from which spy missions over the Soviet Union were launched. Relations with neighboring China were strengthened but deteriorated with Soviet Union in 1962, and with India in 1965. His presidency saw the war with India in 1965 which ended with Soviet Union facilitating the Tashkent Declaration between two nations. At home front, the policy of privatisation and industrialization was introduced that made the country's economy as Asia's fastest-growing economies. During his tenure, several infrastructure programs were built that consisted the completion of hydroelectric stations, dams and reservoirs, as well as prioritizing the space program but reducing the nuclear deterrence. In 1965, Ayub Khan entered in a presidential race as PML candidate to counter the popular and famed non-partisan Fatima Jinnah and controversially reelected for the second term. He was faced with allegations of widespread intentional vote riggings, authorized political murders in Karachi, and the politics over the unpopular peace treaty with India which many Pakistanis considered an embarrassing compromise. In 1967, he was widely disapproved when the demonstrations across the country were led by Zulfikar Ali Bhutto over the price hikes of food consumer products and, dramatically fell amid the popular uprising in East led by Mujibur Rahman in 1969. Forced to resign to avoid further protests while inviting army chief Yahya Khan to impose martial law for the second time, he fought a brief illness and died in 1974. His legacy remains mixed; he is credited with an ostensible economic prosperity and what supporters dub the "decade of development", but is criticized for beginning the first of the intelligence agencies' incursions into the national politics, for concentrating corrupt wealth in a few hands, and segregated policies that later led to the breaking-up of nation's unity that resulted in the creation of Bangladesh., Retrieved 25 August 2015.
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Bahishti Maqbara
Bahishti Maqbara (English: The Heavenly Graveyard), located originally in Qadian, India and then in Rabwah, Pakistan is a religious cemetery established by the Ahmadiyya Community as a directive from the community's founder Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, made known in his booklet Al-Wasiyyat.
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Balochistan, Pakistan
Balochistan (bəloːt͡ʃɪs't̪ɑːn) (بلوچِستان), is one of the five provinces of Pakistan.
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Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
Bangladesh Academy of Sciences is an academic forum for Bangladeshi scientists and technologists.
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Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society
The Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society is an academic journal on the history of science published annually by the Royal Society.
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Black hole
A black hole is a region of spacetime exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—not even particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it.
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Brigadier general
Brigadier general (Brig. Gen.) is a senior rank in the armed forces.
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British literature
British literature is literature in the English language from the United Kingdom, Isle of Man, and Channel Islands.
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British undergraduate degree classification
The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading structure for undergraduate degrees (bachelor's degrees and integrated master's degrees) in the United Kingdom.
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C. R. Hagen
Carl Richard Hagen (born 2 February 1937) is a professor of particle physics at the University of Rochester.
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Cavendish Laboratory
The Cavendish Laboratory is the Department of Physics at the University of Cambridge, and is part of the School of Physical Sciences.
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CERN
The European Organization for Nuclear Research (Organisation européenne pour la recherche nucléaire), known as CERN (derived from the name Conseil européen pour la recherche nucléaire), is a European research organization that operates the largest particle physics laboratory in the world.
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Chief technology officer
A Chief Technology Officer (CTO), sometimes known as a Chief Technical Officer, is an executive-level position in a company or other entity whose occupation is focused on scientific and technological issues within an organization.
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Chirality (physics)
A chiral phenomenon is one that is not identical to its mirror image (see the article on mathematical chirality).
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Christopher Isham
Christopher Isham (born 28 April 1944), usually cited as Chris J. Isham, is a theoretical physicist at Imperial College London.
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Circle group
In mathematics, the circle group, denoted by T, is the multiplicative group of all complex numbers with absolute value 1, that is, the unit circle in the complex plane or simply the unit complex numbers The circle group forms a subgroup of C×, the multiplicative group of all nonzero complex numbers.
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Civil decorations of Pakistan
The Pakistan Civil Awards were established on March 19, 1957, following the proclamation of Pakistan as an independent republic on March 23, 1956.
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Classical electromagnetism
Classical electromagnetism or classical electrodynamics is a branch of theoretical physics that studies the interactions between electric charges and currents using an extension of the classical Newtonian model.
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Color charge
Color charge is a property of quarks and gluons that is related to the particles' strong interactions in the theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD).
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Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South
The Commission on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development in the South (COMSATS) is an inter-governmental organization, having a membership of 26 developing countries from three continents, Latin America, Africa and Asia.
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Constitution of Pakistan
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (Urdu), also known as the 1973 Constitution is the supreme law of Pakistan.
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Copley Medal
The Copley Medal is a scientific award given by the Royal Society, for "outstanding achievements in research in any branch of science." It alternates between the physical and the biological sciences.
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CP violation
In particle physics, CP violation is a violation of CP-symmetry (or charge conjugation parity symmetry): the combination of C-symmetry (charge conjugation symmetry) and P-symmetry (parity symmetry).
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Critical mass
A critical mass is the smallest amount of fissile material needed for a sustained nuclear chain reaction.
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Daily Times (Pakistan)
The Daily Times (DT) is an English-language Pakistani newspaper.
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Dawn (newspaper)
DAWN is Pakistan's oldest, leading and most widely read English-language newspaper.
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Dawn News
Dawn News is one of Pakistan's 24-hour Urdu news channel.
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Edward Bouchet Abdus Salam Institute
The Edward Bouchet Abdus Salam Institute (EBASI) is a scientific organization with the aim of promoting collaboration between African and American physicists and encouraging the training of physicists from the African continent.
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Edward Durell Stone
Edward Durell Stone (March 9, 1902 – August 6, 1978) was a twentieth century American architect.
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Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism is a branch of physics involving the study of the electromagnetic force, a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles.
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Electroweak interaction
In particle physics, the electroweak interaction is the unified description of two of the four known fundamental interactions of nature: electromagnetism and the weak interaction.
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Experimental physics
Experimental physics is the category of disciplines and sub-disciplines in the field of physics that are concerned with the observation of physical phenomena and experiments.
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Faheem Hussain
Faheem Hussain (31 July 1942 – 29 September 2009), was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and a professor of physics at the Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS).
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Fayyazuddin
Fayyazuddin or Fayyaz Uddin, HI (Urdu: فيا ض ا لدين) (born 10 November 1930), is a Pakistani theoretical physicist and an Emeritus Professor of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics at National Centre for Physics and Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad.
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Fellow of the Royal Society
Fellowship of the Royal Society (FRS, ForMemRS and HonFRS) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society judges to have made a "substantial contribution to the improvement of natural knowledge, including mathematics, engineering science and medical science".
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Fluid dynamics
In physics and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids - liquids and gases.
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Fred Hoyle
Sir Fred Hoyle FRS (24 June 1915 – 20 August 2001) was a British astronomer who formulated the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis.
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Fundamental interaction
In physics, the fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces, are the interactions that do not appear to be reducible to more basic interactions.
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Gauge theory
In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian is invariant under certain Lie groups of local transformations.
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Geography of Pakistan
The Geography of Pakistan (جغرافیۂ پاکِستان) is a profound blend of landscapes varying from plains to deserts, forests, hills, and plateaus ranging from the coastal areas of the Arabian Sea in the south to the mountains of the Karakoram range in the north.
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Gerald Guralnik
Gerald Stanford "Gerry" Guralnik (September 17, 1936 – April 26, 2014) was the Chancellor’s Professor of Physics at Brown University.
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Ghulam Dastagir Alam
Ghulam Dastagir Alam Qasmi (Urdu: غلام دستگیر عالم قاسمی; popularly known as G.D. Alam; HI, PhD), was a Pakistani theoretical physicist and professor of mathematics at the Quaid-e-Azam University.
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Ghulam Murtaza (physicist)
Ghulam Murtaza, SI(C) FPAS (Urdu: غلام مرتضى) (born 3 January 1939), is a Pakistani plasma physicist and mathematician.
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Global symmetry
In physics, a global symmetry is a symmetry that holds at all points in the spacetime under consideration, as opposed to a local symmetry which varies from point to point.
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Goldstone boson
In particle and condensed matter physics, Goldstone bosons or Nambu–Goldstone bosons (NGBs) are bosons that appear necessarily in models exhibiting spontaneous breakdown of continuous symmetries.
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Government College University (Lahore)
The Government College University (GCU) is a public research university located in the downtown, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Government of Pakistan
The Government of Pakistan (حکومتِ پاکستان) is a federal government established by the Constitution of Pakistan as a constituted governing authority of the four provinces of a proclaimed and established parliamentary democratic republic, constitutionally called the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
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Government of Punjab, Pakistan
The Government of the Punjab (حکومتِ پنجاب.), a provincial government in the federal structure of Pakistan, is based in Lahore, the capital of the Punjab Province.
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Grand Unified Theory
A Grand Unified Theory (GUT) is a model in particle physics in which, at high energy, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, or forces, are merged into one single force.
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Hans Bethe
Hans Albrecht Bethe (July 2, 1906 – March 6, 2005) was a German-American nuclear physicist who made important contributions to astrophysics, quantum electrodynamics and solid-state physics, and won the 1967 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis.
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Higgs boson
The Higgs boson is an elementary particle in the Standard Model of particle physics.
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Higgs mechanism
In the Standard Model of particle physics, the Higgs mechanism is essential to explain the generation mechanism of the property "mass" for gauge bosons.
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Honorary degree
An honorary degree, in Latin a degree honoris causa ("for the sake of the honor") or ad honorem ("to the honor"), is an academic degree for which a university (or other degree-awarding institution) has waived the usual requirements, such as matriculation, residence, a dissertation and the passing of comprehensive examinations.
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Hughes Medal
The Hughes Medal is awarded by the Royal Society of London "in recognition of an original discovery in the physical sciences, particularly electricity and magnetism or their applications".
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Imperial College London
Imperial College London (officially Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine) is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom.
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Imperial College Press
Imperial College Press (ICP) was formed in 1995 as a partnership between Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine in London and World Scientific publishing.
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India and weapons of mass destruction
The Republic of India has developed and possesses weapons of mass destruction in the form of nuclear weapons.
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Indian Americans
Indian Americans or Indo-Americans are Americans whose ancestry belongs to any of the many ethnic groups of the Republic of India.
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Indian Civil Service (British India)
The Indian Civil Service (ICS) for part of the 19th century officially known as the Imperial Civil Service, was the elite higher civil service of the British Empire in British India during British rule in the period between 1858 and 1947.
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Indian Railways
Indian Railways (IR) is India's national railway system operated by the Ministry of Railways.
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Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 was a military confrontation between India and Pakistan that occurred during the liberation war in East Pakistan from 3 December 1971 to the fall of Dacca (Dhaka) on 16 December 1971.
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International Centre for Theoretical Physics
The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) is an international research institute for physical and mathematical sciences that operates under a tripartite agreement between the Italian Government, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
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International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics
The International Nathiagali Summer College on Physics and Contemporary Needs (INSC), was founded by Nobel laureate in Physics Dr.
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Ishfaq Ahmad
Ishfaq Ahmad, D.Sc., Minister of State, SI, HI, NI, FPAS (3 November 1930 – 18 January 2018), was a Pakistani nuclear physicist, emeritus professor of high-energy physics at the National Center for Physics, and former science advisor to the Government of Pakistan.
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Ishrat Hussain Usmani
Ishrat Hussain Usmani, NI (Urdu: ڈاکٹر عشرت حيسن عتثمانى‎ 15 April 1917 – 17 June 1992), best known as I. H. Usmani, was a Pakistani bureaucrat and an atomic physicist who was the second chairman of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) from 1960 to 1972; as well as the associate director of the Space Research Commission.
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Islamabad
Islamabad (اسلام آباد) is the capital city of Pakistan located within the federal Islamabad Capital Territory.
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J. Robert Oppenheimer
Julius Robert Oppenheimer (April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist and professor of physics at the University of California, Berkeley.
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J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize
The J. Robert Oppenheimer Memorial Prize and Medal was awarded by the Center for Theoretical Studies, University of Miami, from 1969.
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Jat people
The Jat people (also spelled Jatt and Jaat) are a traditionally agricultural community in Northern India and Pakistan.
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Jeffrey Goldstone
Jeffrey Goldstone (born 3 September 1933) is a British theoretical physicist and an emeritus physics faculty member at the MIT Center for Theoretical Physics.
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Jhang
Jhang (Punjabi and جھنگ) is the capital city of Jhang District, in the province of Punjab, Pakistan.
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Jimmy Carter
James Earl Carter Jr. (born October 1, 1924) is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981.
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Jogesh Pati
Jogesh C. Pati (born 1937, Baripada, Odisha, India) is an Indian American theoretical physicist at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory.
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John Clayton Taylor
John Clayton Taylor (born 4 August 1930) is a British mathematical physicist.
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John Clive Ward
John Clive Ward, (1 August 1924 – 6 May 2000) was a British-Australian physicist.
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John Moffat (physicist)
John W. Moffat (born 24 May 1932) is a Danish-born British-Canadian physicist.
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John Polkinghorne
John Charlton Polkinghorne (born 16 October 1930) is an English theoretical physicist, theologian, writer and Anglican priest.
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Jonathan Ashmore
Jonathan Felix Ashmore (born 1948) is a British physicist and Bernard Katz Professor of Biophysics at University College London.
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Kakazai
The Kakazai (کاکازي / ککےزي / ککازي, Urdu, کاکازَئی / کَکےزَئی / کَکازَئی), - pp ۲۱۲-۲۱۶ (in Pashto) also known as Loi or Loye Mamund (لوی ماموند; لو ئے / لوئی مَاموند), a division of the Mamund clan, are part of the larger Tarkani (ترکاڼي) tribeقوم ککے زئی کی اصلیت، مُصنّف مولانا عبدالمجید، رسالہ افغان ککے زئی علی گڑھ ، بابتِ ماہِ نومبر ۱۹۲۸ء درج ازہدایتِ افغانی المعروف تاریخِ ککے زئی ترکانی از ہدایت اللہ سوہدری، فینسی اسٹیم پریس.
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Kamaluddin Ahmed (physicist)
Kamaluddin Ahmed (April 15, 1939 – June 10, 2014), FPAS, PP, was a Pakistani particle physicist and a professor of physics at the Quaid-e-Azam University.
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Karachi Nuclear Power Complex
The Karachi Nuclear Power Complex or KNPC is located in Paradise Point, Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.
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Khursheed Kamal Aziz
Khursheed Kamal Aziz (خُورشِید کمال عزِیز, 1927–2009), Dawn newspaper, Published 16 July 2009, Retrieved 28 Sep 2016 better known as K. K. Aziz, was a Pakistani historian, admired for his books written in the English Language.
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Lahore
Lahore (لاہور, لہور) is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Punjab, and is the country’s second-most populous city after Karachi.
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Lahore University of Management Sciences
The Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS) is an independent research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Lepton
In particle physics, a lepton is an elementary particle of half-integer spin (spin) that does not undergo strong interactions.
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Lepton number
In particle physics, lepton number (historically also called lepton charge) is a conserved quantum number representing the difference between the number of leptons and the number of antileptons in an elementary particle reaction.
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Lieutenant general
Lieutenant general, lieutenant-general and similar (abbrev Lt Gen, LTG and similar) is a three-star military rank (NATO code OF-8) used in many countries.
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List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1959
No description.
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List of particles
This article includes a list of the different types of atomic- and sub-atomic particles found or hypothesized to exist in the whole of the universe categorized by type.
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Lomonosov Gold Medal
The Lomonosov Gold Medal, named after Russian scientist and polymath Mikhail Lomonosov, is awarded each year since 1959 for outstanding achievements in the natural sciences and the humanities by the USSR Academy of Sciences and later the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS).
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Louise Johnson
Professor Dame Louise Napier Johnson, (26 September 1940 – 25 September 2012), was a British biochemist and protein crystallographer.
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Magnetic monopole
A magnetic monopole is a hypothetical elementary particle in particle physics that is an isolated magnet with only one magnetic pole (a north pole without a south pole or vice versa).
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Magnetic photon
In physics, a magnetic photon is a hypothetical particle.
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Manhattan Project
The Manhattan Project was a research and development undertaking during World War II that produced the first nuclear weapons.
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Marriage in Islam
In Islam, marriage is a legal contract between a man and a woman.
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Master of Arts
A Master of Arts (Magister Artium; abbreviated MA; also Artium Magister, abbreviated AM) is a person who was admitted to a type of master's degree awarded by universities in many countries, and the degree is also named Master of Arts in colloquial speech.
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Masud Ahmad
Muhammad Masud Ahmad, D.Phil, Sc.D, HI (twice), SI (Urdu: محمد مسعود احمد; born 1942), best known as Masood Ahmad, is a Pakistani theoretical physicist and ICTP laureate known for his work in dual resonance and Veneziano model, a strings sting mathematically described the fundamental forces and forms of matter in quantum state.
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Mathematical physics
Mathematical physics refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to problems in physics.
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Metallurgical Laboratory
The Metallurgical Laboratory (or Met Lab) was a scientific laboratory at the University of Chicago that was established in February 1942 to study and use the newly discovered chemical element plutonium.
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Michael Duff (physicist)
Michael James Duff FRS, FRSA is a British theoretical physicist and pioneering theorist of supergravity who is the Principal of the Faculty of Physical Sciences and Abdus Salam Chair of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College London.
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Ministry of Science and Technology (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Science and Technology (وزارت سائنس و ٹیکنالوجی, abbreviated as MoST) is a Cabinet-level ministry of the Government of Pakistan concerned with science and technology in Pakistan and in general, Pakistan's science policy, planning, co-ordination and directing of efforts to initiate and launch scientific and technological programs as well as projects aimed at economic development.
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Molecular biophysics
Molecular biophysics is a rapidly evolving interdisciplinary area of research that combines concepts in physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and biology.
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Mubashir Hassan
Mubashir Hassan (Urdu: مبشر حسن; 22 January 1922) is a Pakistani civil engineer and science administrator known for his work in Hydraulics and his political role in the development of the atomic bomb project.
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Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi
Muhammad Hafeez Qureshi (Urdu: محمد حفيظ قريشى; January 28, 1930 – August 11, 2007), SI, HI, popular as Hafeez Qureshi, was a Pakistani nuclear scientist and a mechanical engineer, known for his classified work at the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).
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Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui
Muhammad Raziuddin Siddiqui, FPAS, NI, HI, SI, PhD (Urdu:,; 8 January 1908 – 8 January 1998), also known as Dr.
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Multan
Multan (Punjabi, Saraiki, مُلتان), is a Pakistani city and the headquarters of Multan District in the province of Punjab.
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Muneer Ahmad Rashid
Muneer Ahmad Rashid, PhD, D.Sc., PAS Gold Medal, FPAS (born 1934), also spelled as Munir Ahmad Rashid, is a Pakistani Mathematical Physicist and Emeritus Professor of Applied and Mathematical Physics at the Centre for Advanced Mathematics and Physics of the National University of Sciences and Technology.
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Munir Ahmad Khan
Munir Ahmad Khan (منير احمد خان; b. 20 May 1926 – 22 April 1999; ''NI'' ''HI''), was a Pakistani nuclear engineer and a nuclear physicist, who served as the chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) from 1972 to 1991.
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Muslim
A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.
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NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is an independent agency of the executive branch of the United States federal government responsible for the civilian space program, as well as aeronautics and aerospace research.
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National Mathematical Society of Pakistan
The National Mathematics Society of Pakistan (NMSP), is an academic, non-profit, and scientific society of applied mathematicians and engineers dedicated to the development and promotion of applied mathematics at all levels.
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Nawaz Sharif
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif (Urdu/میاں محمد نواز شریف, born 25 December 1949) is a Pakistani business magnate and former politician who has served as the Prime Minister of Pakistan for three non-consecutive terms, all of the three terms were unsuccessful.
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Neutral current
Weak neutral current interactions are one of the ways in which subatomic particles can interact by means of the weak force.
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Neutrino
A neutrino (denoted by the Greek letter ν) is a fermion (an elementary particle with half-integer spin) that interacts only via the weak subatomic force and gravity.
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Neutron star
A neutron star is the collapsed core of a large star which before collapse had a total of between 10 and 29 solar masses.
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Neutron temperature
The neutron detection temperature, also called the neutron energy, indicates a free neutron's kinetic energy, usually given in electron volts.
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Nicholas Kemmer
Prof Nicholas Kemmer, FRS FRSE (7 December 1911 – 21 October 1998), was a Russian-born nuclear physicist working in Britain, who played an integral and leading edge role in United Kingdom's nuclear programme, and was known as a mentor of Abdus Salam – a Nobel laureate in physics.
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Nilore, Islamabad
Nilore (نیلور.) is a townsite-city in the Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan, located and established in the district limit of Islamabad.
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Nishan-e-Imtiaz
The Nishan-i-Imtiaz (نشان امتیاز, English: Order of Excellence) is one of the state organized civil decorations of State of Pakistan.
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Nishan-e-Pakistan
The Nishan-e-Pakistan (نشان پاکستان, English: Order of Pakistan) is the highest of civil awards and decorations given by the Government of Pakistan for the highest degree of service to the country and nation of Pakistan.
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Nobel Foundation
The Nobel Foundation (Nobelstiftelsen) is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes.
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Nobel Prize in Physics
The Nobel Prize in Physics (Nobelpriset i fysik) is a yearly award given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for those who conferred the most outstanding contributions for mankind in the field of physics.
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North–South divide
The North–South divide is broadly considered a socio-economic and political divide.
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Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions.
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Nuclear power in Pakistan
As of 2017, nuclear power in Pakistan is provided by 5 commercial nuclear power plants.
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Nuclear technology
Nuclear technology is technology that involves the nuclear reactions of atomic nuclei.
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Nuclear weapon
A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission (fission bomb) or from a combination of fission and fusion reactions (thermonuclear bomb).
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Nuclear weapon design
Nuclear weapon designs are physical, chemical, and engineering arrangements that cause the physics package of a nuclear weapon to detonate.
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Nuclear weapons testing
Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine the effectiveness, yield, and explosive capability of nuclear weapons.
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is an American multiprogram science and technology national laboratory sponsored by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and administered, managed, and operated by UT-Battelle as a federally funded research and development center (FFRDC) under a contract with the DOE.
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Operation Brasstacks
Operation Brasstacks was a codename of a major military exercise of the Indian Army in Rajasthan state of India, that took place in 1986 until its execution in 1987.
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Order of the British Empire
The Most Excellent Order of the British Empire is a British order of chivalry, rewarding contributions to the arts and sciences, work with charitable and welfare organisations, and public service outside the Civil service.
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Ordinance XX
Ordinance XX (Urdu: آرڈیننس 20) is a legal ordinance of the Government of Pakistan that was promulgated under the regime of General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq on 26 April 1984 and is meant to prohibit the practice of Islam and the usage of Islamic terms and titles for the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community.
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Oxford
Oxford is a city in the South East region of England and the county town of Oxfordshire.
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Oxford University Press
Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.
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Pakistan
Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.
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Pakistan Academy of Sciences
The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (Urdu: پاکستان اكيڈ مى ﺁف سائنسز; abbreviated as: PAS), is a learned society of sciences, which described itself as "a repository of the highest scientific talent available in the country." Established in 1953 in Lahore, Punjab, the Academy acts as a consultative forum and scientific advisor to the Pakistan government on important aspects on the affairs of all forms of science– the social and physical sciences.
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Pakistan Air Force Academy
The Pakistan Air Force Academy is an accredited four-year military academy which provides undergraduate education to officer candidates for the Pakistan Air Force.The eligible and selected candidates from all around pakistan are sent to PAF Academy Risalpur for flying training.
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Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction
Pakistan is one of nine states to possess nuclear weapons. Pakistan began development of nuclear weapons in January 1972 under Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who delegated the program to the Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) Munir Ahmad Khan with a commitment to having the bomb ready by the end of 1976. Since PAEC, consisting of over twenty laboratories and projects under nuclear engineer Munir Ahmad Khan, was falling behind schedule and having considerable difficulty producing fissile material, Abdul Qadeer Khan was brought from Europe by Bhutto at the end of 1974. As pointed out by Houston Wood, Professor of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, in his article on gas centrifuges, "The most difficult step in building a nuclear weapon is the production of fissile material"; as such, this work in producing fissile material as head of the Kahuta Project was pivotal to Pakistan developing the capability to detonate a nuclear bomb by the end of 1984.Levy, Adrian and Catherine Scott-Clark, Deception: Pakistan, the United States, and the Secret Trade in Nuclear Weapons. New York. Walker Publishing Company. 1977: page 112. Print. The Kahuta Project started under the supervision of a coordination board that oversaw the activities of KRL and PAEC. The Board consisted of A G N Kazi (secretary general, finance), Ghulam Ishaq Khan (secretary general, defence), and Agha Shahi (secretary general, foreign affairs), and reported directly to Bhutto. Ghulam Ishaq Khan and General Tikka Khan appointed military engineer Major General Ali Nawab to the program. Eventually, the supervision passed to Lt General Zahid Ali Akbar Khan in President General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Administration. Moderate uranium enrichment for the production of fissile material was achieved at KRL by April 1978. Pakistan's nuclear weapons development was in response to the loss of East Pakistan in 1971's Bangladesh Liberation War. Bhutto called a meeting of senior scientists and engineers on 20 January 1972, in Multan, which came to known as "Multan meeting". Bhutto was the main architect of this programme, and it was here that Bhutto orchestrated nuclear weapons programme and rallied Pakistan's academic scientists to build the atomic bomb in three years for national survival. At the Multan meeting, Bhutto also appointed Munir Ahmad Khan as chairman of PAEC, who, until then, had been working as director at the nuclear power and Reactor Division of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), in Vienna, Austria. In December 1972, Abdus Salam led the establishment of Theoretical Physics Group (TPG) as he called scientists working at ICTP to report to Munir Ahmad Khan. This marked the beginning of Pakistan's pursuit of nuclear deterrence capability. Following India's surprise nuclear test, codenamed Smiling Buddha in 1974, the first confirmed nuclear test by a nation outside the permanent five members of the United Nations Security Council, the goal to develop nuclear weapons received considerable impetus. Finally, on 28 May 1998, a few weeks after India's second nuclear test (Operation Shakti), Pakistan detonated five nuclear devices in the Ras Koh Hills in the Chagai district, Balochistan. This operation was named Chagai-I by Pakistan, the underground iron-steel tunnel having been long-constructed by provincial martial law administrator General Rahimuddin Khan during the 1980s. The last test of Pakistan was conducted at the sandy Kharan Desert under the codename Chagai-II, also in Balochistan, on 30 May 1998. Pakistan's fissile material production takes place at Nilore, Kahuta, and Khushab Nuclear Complex, where weapons-grade plutonium is refined. Pakistan thus became the seventh country in the world to successfully develop and test nuclear weapons. Although, according to a letter sent by A.Q. Khan to General Zia, the capability to detonate a nuclear bomb using highly enriched uranium as fissile material produced at KRL had been achieved by KRL in 1984.
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Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers
The Pakistan Army Corps of Engineers, (Urdu: ﺁرمى انجنيرينگ كور; Army Engineering Corps), is an active military administrative staff corps, and a major science and technology command of the Pakistan Army.
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Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC; Urdu) is an independent governmental authority and a scientific research institution, concerned with research and development of nuclear power, promotion of nuclear science, energy conservation and the peaceful usage of nuclear technology.
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Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor
The Pakistan Atomic Research Reactor or (PARR) are two nuclear research reactors and two other experimental neutron sources located in the PINSTECH Laboratory, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology
The Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (also known as PINSTECH), is a multiprogram science and technology national research institute managed for the Ministry of Science by the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC).
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Pakistan Movement
The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan (تحریک پاکستان –) was a religious political movement in the 1940s that aimed for and succeeded in the creation of Pakistan from the Muslim-majority areas of the British Indian Empire.
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Pakistan Ordnance Factories
The Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF) is a major firearms, defence contractor, and military corporation headquartered in Wah Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Pakistani nationalism
Pakistani nationalism refers to the political, cultural, linguistic, historical, religious and geographical expression of patriotism by the people of Pakistan, of pride in the history, heritage and identity of Pakistan, and visions for its future.
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Pakistanis
No description.
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Parliament of Pakistan
The Parliament of Pakistan (مجلس شوریٰ پاکستان —) is the federal and supreme legislative body of Pakistan.
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Partha Ghose
Partha Ghose, (born 1939), FNASc, is an Indian physicist, author, philosopher, musician and former Professor at the S.N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences in Kolkata.
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Particle physics
Particle physics (also high energy physics) is the branch of physics that studies the nature of the particles that constitute matter and radiation.
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Pati–Salam model
In physics, the Pati–Salam model is a Partial Unification Theory proposed in 1974 by nobel laureate Abdus Salam and Jogesh Pati.
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Paul Dirac
Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac (8 August 1902 – 20 October 1984) was an English theoretical physicist who is regarded as one of the most significant physicists of the 20th century.
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Paul Taunton Matthews
Paul Taunton Matthews CBE FRS (19 November 1919 – 26 February 1987) was a British theoretical physicist.
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Pervez Hoodbhoy
Pervez Amirali Hoodbhoy (Urdu:; born 11 July 1950) is a Pakistani nuclear physicist and activist who serves as at the Forman Christian College and previously taught physics at the Quaid-e-Azam University.
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Peter West (physicist)
Peter Christopher West, born on 4 December 1951, is a British theoretical physicist at King's College, London and a fellow of the Royal Society.
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Plasma (physics)
Plasma (Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek English Lexicon, on Perseus) is one of the four fundamental states of matter, and was first described by chemist Irving Langmuir in the 1920s.
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Postdoctoral researcher
A postdoctoral researcher or postdoc is a person professionally conducting research after the completion of their doctoral studies (typically a PhD).
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Preon
In particle physics, preons are point particles, conceived of as subcomponents of quarks and leptons.
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Presidencies and provinces of British India
The Provinces of India, earlier Presidencies of British India and still earlier, Presidency towns, were the administrative divisions of British governance in the subcontinent.
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President of Pakistan
The President of Pakistan (صدر مملکت پاکستان —), is the ceremonial head of state of Pakistan and a figurehead who represents the "unity of the Republic." in Chapter 1: The President, Part III: The Federation of Pakistan in the Constitution of Pakistan.
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Prime Minister of Pakistan
The Prime Minister of Pakistan (وزِیرِ اعظم —,; lit. "Grand Vizier") is the head of government of Pakistan and designated as the "chief executive of the Republic".
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Princeton University
Princeton University is a private Ivy League research university in Princeton, New Jersey.
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Progressive supranuclear palsy
Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; or the Steele–Richardson–Olszewski syndrome, after the doctors who described it in 1963) is a degenerative disease involving the gradual deterioration and death of specific volumes of the brain.
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Project
Contemporary business and science treat as a project any undertaking, carried out individually or collaboratively and possibly involving research or design, that is carefully planned (usually by a project team) to achieve a particular aim.
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Project-706
Project-706, also known as Project-726 was a codename of a project to develop Pakistan's first atomic bomb using uranium.
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Proton decay
In particle physics, proton decay is a hypothetical form of radioactive decay in which the proton decays into lighter subatomic particles, such as a neutral pion and a positron.
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Punjab Province (British India)
Punjab, also spelled Panjab, was a province of British India.
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Punjab, Pakistan
Punjab (Urdu, Punjabi:, panj-āb, "five waters") is Pakistan's second largest province by area, after Balochistan, and its most populous province, with an estimated population of 110,012,442 as of 2017.
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Punjabi language
Punjabi (Gurmukhi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ; Shahmukhi: پنجابی) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by over 100 million native speakers worldwide, ranking as the 10th most widely spoken language (2015) in the world.
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Punjabis
The Punjabis (Punjabi:, ਪੰਜਾਬੀ), or Punjabi people, are an ethnic group associated with the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent, who speak Punjabi, a language from the Indo-Aryan language family.
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Quaid-i-Azam University
The Quaid-i-Azam University (جامعہ قائداعظم; simply QAU) is a public research university in Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Quantum electrodynamics
In particle physics, quantum electrodynamics (QED) is the relativistic quantum field theory of electrodynamics.
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Quantum field theory
In theoretical physics, quantum field theory (QFT) is the theoretical framework for constructing quantum mechanical models of subatomic particles in particle physics and quasiparticles in condensed matter physics.
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Quantum mechanics
Quantum mechanics (QM; also known as quantum physics, quantum theory, the wave mechanical model, or matrix mechanics), including quantum field theory, is a fundamental theory in physics which describes nature at the smallest scales of energy levels of atoms and subatomic particles.
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Quark
A quark is a type of elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter.
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Quran
The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).
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Rabwah
Rabwah (Urdu, Punjabi), official name Chenab Nagar (چناب نگر), is a city in District Chiniot in the province of Punjab, Pakistan.
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Rajput
Rajput (from Sanskrit raja-putra, "son of a king") is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent.
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Ray Streater
Raymond Frederick "Ray" Streater (born 1936) is a British physicist, and professor emeritus of Applied Mathematics at King's College London.
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Relativity of simultaneity
In physics, the relativity of simultaneity is the concept that distant simultaneity – whether two spatially separated events occur at the same time – is not absolute, but depends on the observer's reference frame.
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Renormalization
Renormalization is a collection of techniques in quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, that are used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities by altering values of quantities to compensate for effects of their self-interactions.
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Riazuddin (physicist)
Riazuddin, also spelled as Riaz-Uddin (Urdu: رياض الدين;‎ 10 November 1930 – 9 September 2013), was a Pakistani theoretical physicist, specialising in high-energy physics and nuclear physics.
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Richard Feynman
Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918 – February 15, 1988) was an American theoretical physicist, known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics, and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics for which he proposed the parton model.
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Robert Delbourgo
Professor Robert Delbourgo B.Sc., A.R.C.S, Ph.D, D.Sc., F.A.I.P, F.A.A., (born 11 November 1940) is an Australian physicist, winner of the Walter Boas Medal in 1988.
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Ron Shaw
Ron Shaw was an English professional footballer who spent his entire professional career with Torquay United, making 384 appearances in the Football League.
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Royal Medal
A Royal Medal, known also as The King's Medal or The Queen's Medal, depending on the gender of the monarch at the time of the award, is a silver-gilt medal, of which three are awarded each year by the Royal Society, two for "the most important contributions to the advancement of natural knowledge" and one for "distinguished contributions in the applied sciences", done within the Commonwealth of Nations.
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Salim Mehmud
Dr.
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Salimuzzaman Siddiqui
Salimuzzaman Siddiqui (سلیم الزّماں صدّیقی; 19 October 1897 – 14 April 1994), HI, MBE, SI, DPhil, FPAS, FRS was a Pakistani organic chemist specialising in natural product chemistry.
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Science
R. P. Feynman, The Feynman Lectures on Physics, Vol.1, Chaps.1,2,&3.
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Science and technology in Pakistan
Science and technology is a growing field in Pakistan and has played an important role in the country's development since its founding.
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Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan
The Second Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan (آئین پاکستان میں دوسری ترمیم) became a part of the Constitution of Pakistan on September 7, 1974.
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Sheldon Lee Glashow
Sheldon Lee Glashow (born December 5, 1932) is a Nobel Prize winning American theoretical physicist.
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Siachen conflict
The Siachen conflict, sometimes referred to as the Siachen War, was a military conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Siachen Glacier region in Kashmir.
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Sindh
Sindh (سنڌ; سِندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, in the southeast of the country.
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Smiling Buddha
Smiling BuddhaThis test has many code names.
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Smith's Prize
The Smith's Prize was the name of each of two prizes awarded annually to two research students in mathematics and theoretical physics at the University of Cambridge from 1769.
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Sonmiani (space facility)
Sonmiani flight test range is a rocket launch facility operated by Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) located at Sonmiani, Balochistan province in Pakistan.
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Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission
The Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission (SUPARCO) is an executive and bureaucratic space agency of the Government of Pakistan, responsible for the nation's public and civil space programme and for aeronautics and aerospace research.
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Space research
Space research is scientific studies carried out using scientific equipment in outer space.
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Special unitary group
In mathematics, the special unitary group of degree, denoted, is the Lie group of unitary matrices with determinant 1.
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Spin (physics)
In quantum mechanics and particle physics, spin is an intrinsic form of angular momentum carried by elementary particles, composite particles (hadrons), and atomic nuclei.
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Srinivasa Ramanujan
Srinivasa Ramanujan (22 December 188726 April 1920) was an Indian mathematician who lived during the British Rule in India. Though he had almost no formal training in pure mathematics, he made substantial contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series, and continued fractions, including solutions to mathematical problems considered to be unsolvable.
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St John's College, Cambridge
St John's College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge (the full, formal name of the college is The Master, Fellows and Scholars of the College of St John the Evangelist in the University of Cambridge).
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Standard Model
The Standard Model of particle physics is the theory describing three of the four known fundamental forces (the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, and not including the gravitational force) in the universe, as well as classifying all known elementary particles.
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Steven Weinberg
Steven Weinberg (born May 3, 1933) is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his contributions with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles.
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Strong gravity
Strong gravity is a non-mainstream theoretical approach to particle confinement having both a cosmological scale and a particle scale gravity.
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Superalgebra
In mathematics and theoretical physics, a superalgebra is a Z2-graded algebra.
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Supermanifold
In physics and mathematics, supermanifolds are generalizations of the manifold concept based on ideas coming from supersymmetry.
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Supermultiplet
In theoretical physics, a supermultiplet is a representation of a supersymmetry algebra.
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Superspace
Superspace is the coordinate space of a theory exhibiting supersymmetry.
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Supersymmetry
In particle physics, supersymmetry (SUSY) is a theory that proposes a relationship between two basic classes of elementary particles: bosons, which have an integer-valued spin, and fermions, which have a half-integer spin.
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Symmetry (physics)
In physics, a symmetry of a physical system is a physical or mathematical feature of the system (observed or intrinsic) that is preserved or remains unchanged under some transformation.
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Tariq Mustafa
Dr.
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The Express Tribune
The Express Tribune is a major daily English-language newspaper based in Pakistan.
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The News International
The News International, published in broadsheet size, is the largest English language newspaper in Pakistan.
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The World Academy of Sciences
The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS) is a merit-based science academy uniting 1,000 scientists in some 70 countries.
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Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize, explain and predict natural phenomena.
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Tom Kibble
Sir Thomas Walter Bannerman Kibble, (23 December 1932 – 2 June 2016), was a British theoretical physicist, senior research investigator at the Blackett Laboratory and Emeritus Professor of Theoretical Physics at Imperial College London.
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Trieste
Trieste (Trst) is a city and a seaport in northeastern Italy.
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Unified field theory
In physics, a unified field theory (UFT) is a type of field theory that allows all that is usually thought of as fundamental forces and elementary particles to be written in terms of a pair of physical and virtual fields.
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Unitary group
In mathematics, the unitary group of degree n, denoted U(n), is the group of unitary matrices, with the group operation of matrix multiplication.
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University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge (informally Cambridge University)The corporate title of the university is The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge.
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University of Oxford
The University of Oxford (formally The Chancellor Masters and Scholars of the University of Oxford) is a collegiate research university located in Oxford, England.
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University of the Punjab
The University of the Punjab (جامعہ پنجاب), also referred to as Punjab University, is a public research university located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.
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Urdu literature
Urdu literature (ادبیات اردو) has a history that is inextricably tied to the development of Urdu, the register of the Hindustani language written in the Perso-Arabic script.
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Vector meson
In high energy physics, a vector meson is a meson with total spin 1 and odd parity (usually noted as). Compare to a pseudovector meson, which has a total spin 1 and even parity.
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W and Z bosons
The W and Z bosons are together known as the weak or more generally as the intermediate vector bosons. These elementary particles mediate the weak interaction; the respective symbols are,, and.
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Wah Cantonment
Wah Cantonment (Punjabi, Urdu) (often abbreviated to Wah Cantt) is a military city located in the Punjab province of Pakistan, near Taxila and to the north west of Rawalpindi/Islamabad.
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Walter Gilbert
Walter Gilbert (born March 21, 1932) is an American biochemist, physicist, molecular biology pioneer, and Nobel laureate.
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Władysław Turowicz
Air Commodore Władysław Józef Marian Turowicz (ولوادیسیوف دورووچ) (23 April 1908 – 8 January 1980), usually referred to as W. J. M. Turowicz, was a Polish-Pakistani aviator, military scientist and aeronautical engineer.
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Weak interaction
In particle physics, the weak interaction (the weak force or weak nuclear force) is the mechanism of interaction between sub-atomic particles that causes radioactive decay and thus plays an essential role in nuclear fission.
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WGBH-TV
WGBH-TV, virtual channel 2 (UHF digital channel 19), is a PBS member television station located in Boston, Massachusetts, United States.
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Wolfgang Pauli
Wolfgang Ernst Pauli (25 April 1900 – 15 December 1958) was an Austrian-born Swiss and American theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics.
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World Cultural Council
The World Cultural Council is an international organization whose goals are to promote cultural values, goodwill and philanthropy among individuals.
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World Scientific
World Scientific Publishing is an academic publisher of scientific, technical, and medical books and journals headquartered in Singapore.
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Yuval Ne'eman
Yuval Ne'eman (יובל נאמן, 14 May 1925 – 26 April 2006) was an Israeli theoretical physicist, military scientist, and politician.
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Zulfikar Ali Bhutto
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (5 January 1928 – 4 April 1979) was a Pakistani politician who served as the 9th Prime Minister of Pakistan from 1973 to 1977, and prior to that as the 4th President of Pakistan from 1971 to 1973.
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1953 Lahore riots
The Lahore riots of 1953 were a series of violent riots against the Ahmadiyya Movement, an Islamic sect, mainly in the city of Lahore, Pakistan as well as the rest of Punjab, which were eventually quelled by the Pakistan Army who declared three months of martial law.
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1964 PRL symmetry breaking papers
The 1964 PRL symmetry breaking papers were written by three teams who proposed related but different approaches to explain how mass could arise in local gauge theories.
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Redirects here:
Dr Abdus Salam, Mohammad Abdus Salam, Muhammad Abdus Salam, Prof Dr Abdus Salam.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdus_Salam
