Address space layout randomization and Stack buffer overflow

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Difference between Address space layout randomization and Stack buffer overflow

Address space layout randomization vs. Stack buffer overflow

Address space layout randomization (ASLR) is a computer security technique involved in preventing exploitation of memory corruption vulnerabilities. In software, a stack buffer overflow or stack buffer overrun occurs when a program writes to a memory address on the program's call stack outside of the intended data structure, which is usually a fixed-length buffer.

Buffer overflow

In programming and information security, a buffer overflow or buffer overrun is an anomaly whereby a program writes data to a buffer beyond the buffer's allocated memory, overwriting adjacent memory locations.

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Call stack

In computer science, a call stack is a stack data structure that stores information about the active subroutines of a computer program.

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Exec Shield

Exec Shield is a project started at Red Hat, Inc in late 2002 with the aim of reducing the risk of worm or other automated remote attacks on Linux systems.

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Executable-space protection

In computer security, executable-space protection marks memory regions as non-executable, such that an attempt to execute machine code in these regions will cause an exception.

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Exploit (computer security)

An exploit (from the English verb to exploit, meaning "to use something to one’s own advantage") is a piece of software, a chunk of data, or a sequence of commands that takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer software, hardware, or something electronic (usually computerized).

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NX bit

The NX bit (no-execute) is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of a virtual address space to store either data or processor instructions.

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Return-to-libc attack

A "return-to-libc" attack is a computer security attack usually starting with a buffer overflow in which a subroutine return address on a call stack is replaced by an address of a subroutine that is already present in the process executable memory, bypassing the no-execute bit feature (if present) and ridding the attacker of the need to inject their own code.

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Shellcode

In hacking, a shellcode is a small piece of code used as the payload in the exploitation of a software vulnerability.

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Uncontrolled format string

Uncontrolled format string is a type of code injection vulnerability discovered around 1989 that can be used in security exploits.

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Vulnerability (computer security)

Vulnerabilities are flaws in a computer system that weaken the overall security of the system.

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