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Afro-Mexicans

Index Afro-Mexicans

Afro-Mexicans (afromexicanos; negros; afrodescendientes.), also known as Black Mexicans are Mexicans who have both a predominant heritage from Sub-Saharan Africa and identify as such. [1]

173 relations: Abraham Laboriel, Adrián Chávez, Africa, Afro-Caribbean, Afro-Cuban, Afro-Latin Americans, Afro-Mexicans in the Mexican War of Independence, Aguascalientes, Alejandra Robles, Alfredo Amézaga, Alta California, Amuzgos, Angola, Arguin, Asian Mexicans, Álvaro Carrillo, Édgar Pacheco, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Bantu peoples, Barbacoa, Biafada language, Black Hispanic and Latino Americans, Black Indians in the United States, Black Seminoles, Brong-Ahafo Region, Campeche, Canary Islands, Cape Verde, Caribbean, Carlos Peña (Mexican footballer), Carnival, Cassava, Casta, Catholic Church, Central America, Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Chatinos, Chiapas, Chihuahua (state), Coahuila, Colima, Colocasia esculenta, Conquistador, Cooking banana, Costa Chica of Guerrero, Costa Region, Cuajinicuilapa, Day of the Dead, Durango, ..., Eddoe, Edoardo Isella, Elizabeth Catlett, Empanada, Fidel Herrera Beltrán, François Endene, Friction drum, Gaspar Yanga, Ghana, Giovani dos Santos, Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán, Greater Mexico City, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Guinea, Hidalgo (state), Hispanic, Indigenous peoples of Mexico, Indigenous peoples of the Americas, Intercensal estimate, Ivory Coast, Jalisco, James de la Rosa, Jawbone (instrument), Jean Duverger, Joaquín Hendricks Díaz, Johnny Laboriel, Jonathan dos Santos, Jorge Orta, José de Ibarra, Juan Correa, Juan de la Rosa, Juan Garrido, Juan Rodríguez Juárez, Juan Roque (Zape Confraternity), Julia López, Jus soli, Kalimba (singer), La Bamba (song), Lagunas de Chacahua National Park, Languages of Mexico, Latin America, Leonel Maciel, Los Angeles Daily News, Lupita Nyong'o, Marquelia, Marvin Piñón, Mascogos, Melvin Brown (footballer), Memín Pinguín, Mestizo, Mexican Revolution, Mexican Spanish, Mexican War of Independence, Mexicans, Mexicans of European descent, Mexico, Mexico City, Michoacán, Mixtec, Mole sauce, Monarchy of Spain, Morelos, Mulatto, National Council to Prevent Discrimination, National Institute of Statistics and Geography, Nayarit, New Mexico, New Spain, Northern Mexico, Nuevo León, Oaxaca, Omar Flores, Orizaba, Pánfilo de Narváez, Pío Pico, Pelota mixteca, Philip D. Curtin, Philippines, Portugal, Project MUSE, Protestantism, Puebla, Puerto Ángel, Querétaro, Quintana Roo, René Juárez Cisneros, Roberto Nurse, Samo (singer), San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Slavery in Africa, Smallpox, Son cubano, Sonora, Spaniards, Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, State of Mexico, Sub-Saharan Africa, Sweet potato, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tamiahua, Textiles of Mexico, Tlacotalpan, Tlaxcala, Toña la Negra, Tomás Campos, Torna atrás, Underground Railroad, United States, Univision, Veracruz, Vicente Guerrero, West Africa, Western Sudan, Will and testament, William B. Taylor (historian), Wolof people, Yanga, Veracruz, Yucatán, Zacatecas, Zambo. Expand index (123 more) »

Abraham Laboriel

Abraham Laboriel Sr. (born July 17, 1947) is a Mexican-American bassist who has played on over 4,000 recordings and soundtracks.

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Adrián Chávez

Adrián Chávez Ortiz (born 27 June 1962) is a Mexican former footballer.

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Africa

Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent (behind Asia in both categories).

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Afro-Caribbean

Afro-Caribbean, a term not used by West Indians themselves but first coined by Americans in the late 1960s, describes Caribbean people who trace at least some of their ancestry to West Africa in the period since Christopher Columbus' arrival in the region in 1492.

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Afro-Cuban

The term Afro-Cuban refers to Cubans who mostly have West African ancestry, and to historical or cultural elements in Cuba thought to emanate from this community.

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Afro-Latin Americans

Afro-Latin Americans or Black Latin Americans refers to Latin American people of significant African ancestry.

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Afro-Mexicans in the Mexican War of Independence

The history of Africans in Mexico has not been well documented or recognized by the government and society.

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Aguascalientes

Aguascalientes, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Aguascalientes (Estado Libre y Soberano de Aguascalientes, literally: Hot Waters), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Alejandra Robles

Alejandra Robles Suastegui, La Jornada: Alejandra Robles "Mi música también es pop".

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Alfredo Amézaga

Alfredo Amézaga Delgado (born January 16, 1978 in Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, Mexico) is a former professional baseball player.

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Alta California

Alta California (Upper California), founded in 1769 by Gaspar de Portolà, was a polity of New Spain, and, after the Mexican War of Independence in 1822, a territory of Mexico.

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Amuzgos

The Amuzgos are an indigenous people of Mexico.

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Angola

Angola, officially the Republic of Angola (República de Angola; Kikongo, Kimbundu and Repubilika ya Ngola), is a country in Southern Africa.

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Arguin

Arguin (Arguim) is an island off the western coast of Mauritania in the Bay of Arguin.

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Asian Mexicans

Asian Mexicans (mexicanos asiáticos; asiomexicanos) are Mexicans of Asian descent.

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Álvaro Carrillo

Álvaro Carrillo Alarcón (2 December 1921 - 3 April 1969) was a Mexican popular music composer and songwriter, born in San Juan Cacahuatepec, Oaxaca.

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Édgar Pacheco

Edgar Iván Pacheco Rodríguez (born 22 January 1990 in Guadalajara, Jalisco) is a Mexican football Attacking midfielder who currently plays for Ermis Aradippou in the Cypriot First Division.

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Baja California

Baja CaliforniaSometimes informally referred to as Baja California Norte (North Lower California) to distinguish it from both the Baja California Peninsula, of which it forms the northern half, and Baja California Sur, the adjacent state that covers the southern half of the peninsula.

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Baja California Sur

Baja California Sur, (South Lower California), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Baja California Sur (Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California Sur), is the second-smallest Mexican state by population and the 31st admitted state of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Bantu peoples

The Bantu peoples are the speakers of Bantu languages, comprising several hundred ethnic groups in sub-Saharan Africa, spread over a vast area from Central Africa across the African Great Lakes to Southern Africa.

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Barbacoa

Barbacoa is a form of cooking meat that originated in the Caribbean with the Taíno people, from which the term “barbecue” derives.

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Biafada language

Biafada is a Senegambian language of Guinea-Bissau.

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Black Hispanic and Latino Americans

In the United States, a Black Hispanic or Afro-Hispanic (Afrohispano) is an American citizen or resident who is officially classified by the United States Census Bureau, Office of Management and Budget and other U.S. government agencies as a Black person or racially black of Hispanic descent." Hispanicity, which is independent of race, is the only ethnic category, as opposed to racial category, which is officially collated by the U.S. Census Bureau.

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Black Indians in the United States

Black Indians are people of mixed African-American and Native American heritage, who have strong ties to Native American culture.

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Black Seminoles

The Black Seminoles are black Indians associated with the Seminole people in Florida and Oklahoma.

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Brong-Ahafo Region

The Brong-Ahafo Region is located in south Ghana.

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Campeche

Campeche, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Campeche (Estado Libre y Soberano de Campeche), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Canary Islands

The Canary Islands (Islas Canarias) is a Spanish archipelago and autonomous community of Spain located in the Atlantic Ocean, west of Morocco at the closest point.

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Cape Verde

Cape Verde or Cabo Verde (Cabo Verde), officially the Republic of Cabo Verde, is an island country spanning an archipelago of 10 volcanic islands in the central Atlantic Ocean.

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Caribbean

The Caribbean is a region that consists of the Caribbean Sea, its islands (some surrounded by the Caribbean Sea and some bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean) and the surrounding coasts.

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Carlos Peña (Mexican footballer)

Carlos Alberto Peña Rodríguez (born 29 March 1990) is a Mexican footballer who plays as a midfielder for Liga MX side Necaxa, on loan from Rangers, and the Mexico national team.

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Carnival

Carnival (see other spellings and names) is a Western Christian and Greek Orthodox festive season that occurs before the liturgical season of Lent.

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Cassava

Manihot esculenta, commonly called cassava, manioc, yuca, mandioca and Brazilian arrowroot, is a woody shrub native to South America of the spurge family, Euphorbiaceae.

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Casta

A casta was a term to describe mixed-race individuals in Spanish America, resulting from unions of European whites (españoles), Amerinds (indios), and Africans (negros).

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Catholic Church

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.

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Central America

Central America (América Central, Centroamérica) is the southernmost, isthmian portion of the North American continent, which connects with the South American continent on the southeast.

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Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles V (Carlos; Karl; Carlo; Karel; Carolus; 24 February 1500 – 21 September 1558) was ruler of both the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and the Spanish Empire (as Charles I of Spain) from 1516, as well as of the lands of the former Duchy of Burgundy from 1506.

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Chatinos

The Chatinos are an indigenous people of Mexico.

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Chiapas

Chiapas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas (Estado Libre y Soberano de Chiapas), is one of the 31 states that with Mexico City make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico.

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Chihuahua (state)

Chihuahua, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chihuahua (Estado Libre y Soberano de Chihuahua), is one of the 32 states of Mexico.

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Coahuila

Coahuila, formally Coahuila de Zaragoza, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Coahuila de Zaragoza (Estado Libre y Soberano de Coahuila de Zaragoza), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, compose the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Colima

Colima, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Colima (Estado Libre y Soberano de Colima), is one of the 32 states that make up the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Colocasia esculenta

Colocasia esculenta is a tropical plant grown primarily for its edible corms, the root vegetables most commonly known as taro.

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Conquistador

Conquistadors (from Spanish or Portuguese conquistadores "conquerors") is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.

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Cooking banana

Cooking bananas are banana cultivars in the genus Musa whose fruits are generally used in cooking.

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Costa Chica of Guerrero

The Costa Chica of Guerrero (Spanish for “small coast of Guerrero") is an area along the south coast of the state of Guerrero, Mexico, extending from just south of Acapulco to the Oaxaca border.

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Costa Region

The Costa Region or Costa Chica lies on the Pacific coast of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, south of the more mountainous Sierra Sur inland from the coast.

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Cuajinicuilapa

Cuajinicuilapa is a town in Cuajinicuilapa Municipality in the Costa Chica region of the Mexican state of Guerrero.

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Day of the Dead

The Day of the Dead (Día de Muertos) is a Mexican holiday celebrated throughout Mexico, in particular the Central and South regions, and by people of Mexican ancestry living in other places, especially the United States.

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Durango

Durango, officially Free and Sovereign State of Durango (Estado Libre y Soberano de Durango) (Tepehuan: Korian) (Nahuatl: Tepēhuahcān), is a Mexican state.

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Eddoe

Eddoe or eddo is a tropical vegetable often considered identifiable as the species Colocasia antiquorum, closely related to taro (dasheen, Colocasia esculenta), which is primarily used for its thickened stems (corms).

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Edoardo Isella

Edoardo Isella D'Gómez Ventoza (born October 9, 1980 in Tuxtla Gutierrez, Chiapas) is a former Mexican footballer who played as left-back.

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Elizabeth Catlett

Elizabeth Catlett (April 15, 1915 – April 2, 2012) was an African-American graphic artist and sculptor best known for her depictions of the African-American experience in the 20th century, which often focused on the female experience.

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Empanada

An empanada is a type of pasty baked or fried in many countries of the Americas and in Spain.

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Fidel Herrera Beltrán

Fidel Herrera Beltrán (Nopaltepec, Veracruz, March 7, 1949) is a Mexican politician and former governor of Veracruz.

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François Endene

François Herbert Endene Elokan (born 20 October 1978) is a Cameroon-Mexican football striker born in Cameroon.

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Friction drum

A friction drum is a musical instrument found in various forms in Africa, Asia, Europe and South America.

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Gaspar Yanga

Gaspar Yanga—often simply Yanga or Nyanga (May 14, 1545 -), Black Past, accessed 10 December 2014 is an African known for being the leader of a maroon colony of slaves in the highlands near Veracruz, Mexico (then New Spain) during the early period of Spanish colonial rule.

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Ghana

Ghana, officially the Republic of Ghana, is a unitary presidential constitutional democracy, located along the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean, in the subregion of West Africa.

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Giovani dos Santos

Giovani "Gio" dos Santos Ramírez FC Barcelona (born 11 May 1989) is a Mexican professional footballer who currently plays for LA Galaxy and the Mexico national team.

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Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán

Gonzalo Aguirre Beltrán (January 20, 1908, Tlacotalpan, Veracruz–1996, Xalapa, Veracruz) was a Mexican anthropologist known for his studies of marginal populations.

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Greater Mexico City

Greater Mexico City refers to the conurbation around Mexico City, officially called Valley of Mexico Metropolitan Area (Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México), constituted by Mexico City itself composed of 16 Municipalities—and 41 adjacent municipalities of the states of Mexico and Hidalgo.

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Guanajuato

Guanajuato, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guanajuato (Estado Libre y Soberano de Guanajuato), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, are the 32 Federal entities of Mexico.

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Guerrero

Guerrero (Spanish for "warrior"), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Guerrero (Estado Libre y Soberano de Guerrero), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Guinea

Guinea, officially the Republic of Guinea (République de Guinée), is a country on the western coast of Africa.

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Hidalgo (state)

Hidalgo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Hidalgo (Estado Libre y Soberano de Hidalgo), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Hispanic

The term Hispanic (hispano or hispánico) broadly refers to the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain.

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Indigenous peoples of Mexico

Indigenous peoples of Mexico (pueblos indígenas de México), Native Mexicans (nativos mexicanos), or Mexican Native Americans (Mexicanos nativo americanos), are those who are part of communities that trace their roots back to populations and communities that existed in what is now Mexico prior to the arrival of Europeans.

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Indigenous peoples of the Americas

The indigenous peoples of the Americas are the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas and their descendants. Although some indigenous peoples of the Americas were traditionally hunter-gatherers—and many, especially in the Amazon basin, still are—many groups practiced aquaculture and agriculture. The impact of their agricultural endowment to the world is a testament to their time and work in reshaping and cultivating the flora indigenous to the Americas. Although some societies depended heavily on agriculture, others practiced a mix of farming, hunting and gathering. In some regions the indigenous peoples created monumental architecture, large-scale organized cities, chiefdoms, states and empires. Many parts of the Americas are still populated by indigenous peoples; some countries have sizable populations, especially Belize, Bolivia, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Greenland, Guatemala, Guyana, Mexico, Panama and Peru. At least a thousand different indigenous languages are spoken in the Americas. Some, such as the Quechuan languages, Aymara, Guaraní, Mayan languages and Nahuatl, count their speakers in millions. Many also maintain aspects of indigenous cultural practices to varying degrees, including religion, social organization and subsistence practices. Like most cultures, over time, cultures specific to many indigenous peoples have evolved to incorporate traditional aspects but also cater to modern needs. Some indigenous peoples still live in relative isolation from Western culture, and a few are still counted as uncontacted peoples.

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Intercensal estimate

In demographics, an intercensal estimate is an estimate of population between official census dates with both of the census counts being known.

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Ivory Coast

Ivory Coast, also known as Côte d'Ivoire and officially as the Republic of Côte d'Ivoire, is a sovereign state located in West Africa.

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Jalisco

Jalisco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Jalisco (Estado Libre y Soberano de Jalisco), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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James de la Rosa

James Micheal de la Rosa (born November 18, 1987) is a Mexican professional boxer from Tamaulipas, Mexico.

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Jawbone (instrument)

The quijada, charrasca, or jawbone (in English), is an idiophone percussion instrument made from the jawbone of a donkey, horse or mule cattle, producing a powerful buzzing sound.

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Jean Duverger

Jean Duverger (born 5 April 1973 in Cosamaloapan, Veracruz) is a Mexican actor and entertainer.

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Joaquín Hendricks Díaz

Joaquín Ernesto Hendricks Díaz (born 7 November 1951 in Chetumal, Quintana Roo) is a Mexican politician belonging to the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI).

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Johnny Laboriel

Juan José Laboriel López (July 9, 1942 – September 18, 2013), known as Johnny Laboriel, was a Mexican rock and roll singer.

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Jonathan dos Santos

Jonathan dos Santos Ramírez (born 26 April 1990) is a Mexican professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for LA Galaxy and the Mexico national team.

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Jorge Orta

Jorge Orta Núñez (born November 26, 1950) is a Mexican former professional baseball second baseman and outfielder.

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José de Ibarra

José de Ibarra (1685–1756) was a Mexican painter, born in San Miguel El Grande, Oaxaca, and died 21 Nov 1756 in Mexico City, in the Viceroyalty of New Spain (Colonial México).

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Juan Correa

Juan Correa (1646–1716) was a Mexican painter.

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Juan de la Rosa

Juan Pedro de la Rosa (born August 7, 1986 in Tamaulipas, Mexico) is a Mexican professional boxer, and is the brother of welterweight boxer James de la Rosa.

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Juan Garrido

Juan Garrido (c. 1480 – c. 1550) was a conquistador who was born in the Kingdom of Kongo.

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Juan Rodríguez Juárez

Juan Rodríguez Juárez (b. 1675 - d. 1728) was an artist in the Viceroyalty of New Spain.

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Juan Roque (Zape Confraternity)

Juan Roque was an African living in colonial Mexico City.

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Julia López

Julia López is a self-taught Mexican painter whose works depict her childhood home in the Costa Chica region of Guerrero state.

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Jus soli

Jus soli, meaning "right of the soil", commonly referred to as birthright citizenship, is the right of anyone born in the territory of a state to nationality or citizenship.

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Kalimba (singer)

Kalimba Kadjaly Marichal Ibar, known professionally as Kalimba, is a Mexican singer and voice actor.

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La Bamba (song)

"La Bamba" is a Mexican folk song, originally from the state of Veracruz, best known from a 1958 adaptation by Ritchie Valens, a top 40 hit in the U.S. charts and one of early rock and roll's best-known songs.

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Lagunas de Chacahua National Park

The Lagunas de Chacahua National Park (Parque Nacional Lagunas de Chacahua), created in 1937, is a national park located in the Municipality of Villa de Tututepec de Melchor Ocampo in the Mexican state of Oaxaca, about 54 km west of Puerto Escondido, near a village called Zapotalito.

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Languages of Mexico

Many different languages are spoken in Mexico.

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Latin America

Latin America is a group of countries and dependencies in the Western Hemisphere where Spanish, French and Portuguese are spoken; it is broader than the terms Ibero-America or Hispanic America.

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Leonel Maciel

Leonel Maciel (born March 21, 1939) is a Mexican artist, member of the Salón de la Plástica Mexicana, from the coast of the state of Guerrero.

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Los Angeles Daily News

The Los Angeles Daily News is the second-largest-circulating paid daily newspaper of Los Angeles, California.

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Lupita Nyong'o

Lupita Amondi Nyong'o (born March 1, 1983) is a Kenyan-Mexican actress. The daughter of Kenyan politician Peter Anyang' Nyong'o, she was born in Mexico City where her father was teaching and was raised in Kenya from the age of one. She attended college in the United States, earning a bachelor's degree in film and theater studies from Hampshire College. Nyong'o began her career in Hollywood as a production assistant. In 2008, she made her acting debut with the short film East River and subsequently returned to Kenya to star in the television series Shuga (2009–2012). Also in 2009, she wrote, produced and directed the documentary In My Genes. She then pursued a master's degree in acting from the Yale School of Drama. Soon after her graduation, she had her first feature film role as Patsey in Steve McQueen's historical drama 12 Years a Slave (2013), for which she received critical acclaim and won several awards, including the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. She became the first Kenyan and Mexican actress to win an Academy Award. Nyong'o made her Broadway debut as a teenage orphan in the critically acclaimed play Eclipsed (2015), for which she was nominated for a Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play. Following a motion capture role as Maz Kanata in the ''Star Wars'' sequel trilogy, Nyong'o starred as Nakia in the Marvel Cinematic Universe superhero film Black Panther (2018). In addition to acting, Nyong'o supports historic preservation. She is vocal about preventing sexual harassment and working for animal rights. In 2014, she was named the most beautiful woman by People. Nyong'o is a 2019 Hollywood Walk of Fame honoree.

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Marquelia

Marquelia is a city and seat of the municipality of Marquelia, in the state of Guerrero, south-western Mexico.

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Marvin Piñón

Marvin Leonardo Piñón (born 12 June 1991 in Altamira, Tamaulipas) is a Mexican footballer who currently plays for Lobos de la BUAP on loan from C.F. Monterrey.

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Mascogos

The Mascogos (also known as negros mascagos) are an afrodescendant group in Coahuila, Mexico.

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Melvin Brown (footballer)

Melvin Brown Casados (born 28 January 1979 in Naranjos, Veracruz) is a former Mexican footballer.

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Memín Pinguín

Memín Pinguín is a Mexican comic book character.

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Mestizo

Mestizo is a term traditionally used in Spain, Latin America, and the Philippines that originally referred a person of combined European and Native American descent, regardless of where the person was born.

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Mexican Revolution

The Mexican Revolution (Revolución Mexicana) was a major armed struggle,, that radically transformed Mexican culture and government.

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Mexican Spanish

Mexican Spanish (español mexicano) is a set of varieties of the Spanish language as spoken in Mexico and in some parts of the United States and Canada.

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Mexican War of Independence

The Mexican War of Independence (Guerra de Independencia de México) was an armed conflict, and the culmination of a political and social process which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain.

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Mexicans

Mexicans (mexicanos) are the people of the United Mexican States, a multiethnic country in North America.

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Mexicans of European descent

European Mexicans are Mexican citizens of complete or predominant European descent.

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Mexico

Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.

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Mexico City

Mexico City, or the City of Mexico (Ciudad de México,; abbreviated as CDMX), is the capital of Mexico and the most populous city in North America.

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Michoacán

Michoacán, formally Michoacán de Ocampo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Michoacán de Ocampo (Spanish: Estado Libre y Soberano de Michoacán de Ocampo), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Mixtec

The Mixtecs, or Mixtecos, are indigenous Mesoamerican peoples of Mexico inhabiting the region known as La Mixteca of Oaxaca and Puebla as well as the state of Guerrero's Región Montañas, and Región Costa Chica, which covers parts of the Mexican states of Oaxaca, Guerrero and Puebla. The Mixtec region and the Mixtec peoples are traditionally divided into three groups, two based on their original economic caste and one based on the region they settled. High Mixtecs or mixteco alto were of the upper class and generally richer; the Low Mixtecs or "mixteco bajo" were generally poorer. In recent times, an economic reversal or equalizing has been seen. The third group is Coastal Mixtecs "mixteco de la costa" whose language is closely related to that of the Low Mixtecs; they currently inhabit the Pacific slope of Oaxaca and Guerrero. The Mixtec languages form a major branch of the Otomanguean language family. In pre-Columbian times, a number of Mixtecan city states competed with each other and with the Zapotec kingdoms. The major Mixtec polity was Tututepec which rose to prominence in the 11th century under the leadership of Eight Deer Jaguar Claw, the only Mixtec king who ever united the Highland and Lowland polities into a single state. Like the rest of the indigenous peoples of Mexico, the Mixtec were conquered by the Spanish invaders and their indigenous allies in the 16th century. Pre-Columbia Mixtecs numbered around 1.5 million. Today there are approximately 800,000 Mixtec people in Mexico, and there are also large populations in the United States.

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Mole sauce

Mole (from Nahuatl mōlli, "sauce") is a traditional sauce originally used in Mexican cuisine, as well as for dishes based on these sauces.

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Monarchy of Spain

The monarchy of Spain (Monarquía de España), constitutionally referred to as the Crown (La Corona), is a constitutional institution and historic office of Spain.

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Morelos

Morelos, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Morelos (Estado Libre y Soberano de Morelos), is one of the 32 states, which comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Mulatto

Mulatto is a term used to refer to people born of one white parent and one black parent or to people born of a mulatto parent or parents.

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National Council to Prevent Discrimination

The National Council to Prevent Discrimination (Consejo Nacional para Prevenir La Discriminación; CONAPRED) is a Mexican government agency created by the Federal Law to Prevent and Eliminate Discrimination in 2003 to promote policies and measures to contribute to the cultural and social development and progress in social inclusion and guarantee the right to equality.

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National Institute of Statistics and Geography

The National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI by its name in Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía) is an autonomous agency of the Mexican Government dedicated to coordinate the National System of Statistical and Geographical Information of the country.

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Nayarit

Nayarit, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nayarit (Estado Libre y Soberano de Nayarit), is one of the 31 states which, together with the Federal District, make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico.

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New Mexico

New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.

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New Spain

The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de la Nueva España) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

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Northern Mexico

Northern Mexico (Spanish: el Norte de México), commonly referred as El Norte, is an informal term for the northern cultural and geographical area in Mexico.

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Nuevo León

Nuevo León, or New Leon, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Nuevo León (Estado Libre y Soberano de Nuevo León), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, compose the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Oaxaca

Oaxaca (from Huāxyacac), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Oaxaca (Estado Libre y Soberano de Oaxaca), is one of the 31 states which, along with Mexico City, make up the 32 federative entities of Mexico.

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Omar Flores

Omar Alejandro Flores Serrano (born 6 May 1979 in Acapulco) is a former Mexican professional football defender who last played for Ballenas Galeana in the Ascenso MX.

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Orizaba

Orizaba (Spanish) is a city and municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz.

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Pánfilo de Narváez

Pánfilo de Narváez (147?–1528) was a Spanish conquistador and soldier in the Americas.

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Pío Pico

Pío de Jesús Pico (May 5, 1801 – September 11, 1894) was a Californio rancher and politician, the last governor of Alta California (now the State of California) under Mexican rule.

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Pelota mixteca

Pelota mixteca ("Mixtec-style ball") is a team sport similar to a net-less tennis game.

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Philip D. Curtin

Philip De Armind Curtin (May 22, 1922 Philadelphia – June 4, 2009) was a Professor Emeritus of Johns Hopkins University and historian on Africa and the Atlantic slave trade.

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Philippines

The Philippines (Pilipinas or Filipinas), officially the Republic of the Philippines (Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary sovereign and archipelagic country in Southeast Asia.

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Portugal

Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa),In recognized minority languages of Portugal: Portugal is the oldest state in the Iberian Peninsula and one of the oldest in Europe, its territory having been continuously settled, invaded and fought over since prehistoric times.

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Project MUSE

Project MUSE, a non-profit collaboration between libraries and publishers, is an online database of peer-reviewed academic journals and electronic books.

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Protestantism

Protestantism is the second largest form of Christianity with collectively more than 900 million adherents worldwide or nearly 40% of all Christians.

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Puebla

Puebla, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Puebla (Estado Libre y Soberano de Puebla) is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Puerto Ángel

Puerto Ángel is a small coastal town in the Mexican state of Oaxaca located in the municipality of San Pedro Pochutla.

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Querétaro

Querétaro, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Querétaro (Estado Libre y Soberano de Querétaro, formally Querétaro de Arteaga), is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico.

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Quintana Roo

Quintana Roo, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Quintana Roo (Estado Libre y Soberano de Quintana Roo), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, make up the 32 federal entities of Mexico.

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René Juárez Cisneros

René Juárez Cisneros (born 8 June 1956) is a Mexican politician affiliated with the PRI.

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Roberto Nurse

Roberto Antonio Nurse Anguiano (born 16 December 1983) is a Mexican-born Panamanian footballer who currently plays for Mineros de Zacatecas on loan from Dorados de Sinaloa in Mexico's Ascenso MX and the Panama national football team.

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Samo (singer)

Samuel Parra Cruz (born December 2, 1975), known professionally as Samo, is a Mexican pop singer and songwriter, born and raised in Veracruz.

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San Luis Potosí

San Luis Potosí, officially the Free and Sovereign State of San Luis Potosí (Estado Libre y Soberano de San Luis Potosí), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Sinaloa

Sinaloa, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Sinaloa (Estado Libre y Soberano de Sinaloa), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, compose the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Slavery in Africa

Slavery has historically been widespread in Africa, and still continues today in some countries.

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Smallpox

Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.

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Son cubano

Son cubano is a genre of music and dance that originated in the highlands of eastern Cuba during the late 19th century.

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Sonora

Sonora, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Sonora (Estado Libre y Soberano de Sonora), is one of 31 states that, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 federal entities of United Mexican States.

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Spaniards

Spaniards are a Latin European ethnic group and nation.

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Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire

The Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, or the Spanish–Aztec War (1519–21), was the conquest of the Aztec Empire by the Spanish Empire within the context of the Spanish colonization of the Americas.

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State of Mexico

The State of Mexico (Estado de México) is one of the 32 federal entities of Mexico.

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Sub-Saharan Africa

Sub-Saharan Africa is, geographically, the area of the continent of Africa that lies south of the Sahara.

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Sweet potato

The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a dicotyledonous plant that belongs to the bindweed or morning glory family, Convolvulaceae.

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Tabasco

Tabasco, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tabasco (Estado Libre y Soberano de Tabasco), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Tamaulipas

Tamaulipas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tamaulipas (Estado Libre y Soberano de Tamaulipas), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Tamiahua

Tamiahua is a municipality located in the north zone in the State of Veracruz.

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Textiles of Mexico

The Textiles of Mexico have a long history.

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Tlacotalpan

Tlacotalpan is a town in Tlacotalpan Municipality in the Mexican state of Veracruz, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1998 primarily for its architecture and colonial-era layout.

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Tlaxcala

Tlaxcala (Spanish;; from Tlaxcallān), officially the Free and Sovereign State of Tlaxcala (Estado Libre y Soberano de Tlaxcala), is one of the 31 states which along with the Federal District make up the 32 federative entities of Mexico.

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Toña la Negra

Antonia del Carmen Peregrino Álvarez (2 November 1912 – 19 November 1982), known by her stage name Toña la Negra (Toña the Black Woman), was a Mexican singer and actress of partial African descent, known for her interpretation of boleros and canciones written by Agustín Lara.

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Tomás Campos

Tomás Alberto Campos Alejandre (born 14 September 1975 in Tuxpan, Veracruz) is a former Mexican professional footballer, who was captain for Indios de Ciudad Juárez in the Liga de Ascenso, and interim manager for FC Juárez.

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Torna atrás

Torna atrás or Tornatrás is a term once used in Spain and its former overseas colonies to describe a mixed race person (mestizo) that showed phenotypic characteristics of only one of the "original races", that is, white, black, Amerindian or Asian.

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Underground Railroad

The Underground Railroad was a network of secret routes and safe houses established in the United States during the early to mid-19th century, and used by African-American slaves to escape into free states and Canada with the aid of abolitionists and allies who were sympathetic to their cause.

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United States

The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.

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Univision

Univision is an American Spanish-language broadcast television network that is owned by Univision Communications.

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Veracruz

Veracruz, formally Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave,In isolation, Veracruz, de and Llave are pronounced, respectively,, and.

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Vicente Guerrero

Vicente Ramón Guerrero Saldaña (August 10, 1782 – February 14, 1831) was one of the leading revolutionary generals of the Mexican War of Independence.

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West Africa

West Africa, also called Western Africa and the West of Africa, is the westernmost region of Africa.

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Western Sudan

The Western Sudan is a historic region in the northern part of West Africa.

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Will and testament

A will or testament is a legal document by which a person, the testator, expresses their wishes as to how their property is to be distributed at death, and names one or more persons, the executor, to manage the estate until its final distribution.

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William B. Taylor (historian)

William B. Taylor is a historian of colonial Mexico, who held the Sonne Chair of History at University of California, Berkeley until his retirement.

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Wolof people

The Wolof people are a West African ethnic group found in northwestern Senegal, The Gambia and southwestern coastal Mauritania.

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Yanga, Veracruz

Yanga Municipality is a municipality located in the southern area of the State of Veracruz, Mexico, about 80 km from the state capital of Xalapa.

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Yucatán

Yucatán, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Yucatán (Estado Libre y Soberano de Yucatán), is one of the 31 states which, with Mexico City, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Zacatecas

Zacatecas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Zacatecas (Estado Libre y Soberano de Zacatecas), is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico.

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Zambo

Zambo and cafuzo are racial terms used in the Spanish and Portuguese empires and occasionally today to identify individuals in the Americas who are of mixed African and Amerindian ancestry (the analogous English term, sambo, is considered a slur).

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Redirects here:

African Mexican, African-Mexican, Afro Mexican, Afro-Mexican, Afro-mexicans, Afromexican, Black Mexican, Black Mexicans.

References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Mexicans

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