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Akbar

Index Akbar

Abu'l-Fath Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar (15 October 1542– 27 October 1605), popularly known as Akbar I, was the third Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1556 to 1605. [1]

363 relations: Abbas I of Persia, Abdullah Khan II, Abdur Rahim, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, Acharya, Adham Khan, Afridi, Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties, Agra, Ahmedabad, Ahmednagar Fort, Ain-i-Akbari, Ajmer, Akbar II, Akbar Khan (director), Akbar's tomb, Akbarnama, Aleppo, Alex Rutherford, Alexander the Great, Allahabad, Amer, India, Amir Khusrow, Animal training, Arabian horse, Arabian Sea, Arabic, Aram Banu Begum, Army of the Mughal Empire, Artillery, Asceticism, Ashoka, Asian Educational Services, Asirgarh Fort, Askari Mirza, Attock Fort, Aurangzeb, Avinesh Rekhi, Śrāvaka, Babur, Badakhshan, Bahadur Shah of Gujarat, Bairam Khan, Bajaur Agency, Baloch people, Balochistan, Baltistan, Basawan, Basra, Battle of Haldighati, ..., Battle of Khanwa, Battle of Tukaroi, Bay of Bengal, Baz Bahadur, Bazaar, Bengal, Berar Subah, Berar Sultanate, Bertrice Small, Bhagwant Das, Bhakkar, Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap, Bharatvarsh (TV series), Bhavishya Purana, Bihar, Bihari Mal, Bikaner, Birbal, Bollywood, Buland Darwaza, Burhanpur, Caliphate, Calligraphy, Cannon, Cartaz, Catalans, Cavalry, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, Chand Bibi, Chandrasen Rathore, Chausa, Chhattisgarhi language, Chittor Fort, Christianity, Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword, Communalism (South Asia), Daman district, India, Daniyal Mirza, Daud Khan Karrani, Dawn (newspaper), DD National, Deccan Plateau, Defenestration, Delhi, Delhi Sultanate, Din-i Ilahi, Diwali, Dulla Bhatti, Dungarpur State, Dysentery, Dyslexia, Elizabeth I of England, Encyclopædia Iranica, Epic (TV channel), Faizi, Farooqi dynasty, Fatehpur Sikri, Fatwa, Firman, Folklore, Fortification, Fundamentalism, Gandhara, Ganges, Ghazni, Ghazni Province, Goa, Godavari River, Gokula, Gondi people, Government of Punjab, India, Grand Trunk Road, Greater Khorasan, Greek language, Gujarat, Gujarat Sultanate, Gulbadan Begum, Gulrukh Begum, Gunpowder Empires, Gurdaspur district, Guru, Guru Nanak, Gwalior Fort, Hada Chauhan, Hafez, Hagiography, Hajj, Hakim (title), Hamida Banu Begum, Hanafi, Har Mushkil Ka Hal Akbar Birbal, Haridwar, Heinrich Blochmann, Hemu, Heresy, Hijri year, Hindal Mirza, Hindi, Hindu, Hindu Kush, Hinduism, Hiravijaya, Hrithik Roshan, Humayun, Ibadat Khana, Idar, Ijtihad, Imam, India, Indian art, Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage, Indian subcontinent, Indo-Gangetic Plain, Indo-Persian culture, Indu Sundaresan, Indus River, Islam, Islam Shah Suri, Jagir, Jahangir, Jainism, Jaisalmer, Jalandhar, Janjira State, Jat people, Jauhar, Jeddah, Jizya, Jodha Akbar (TV series), Jodhaa Akbar, Kabir, Kabul, Kachwaha, Kaftan, Kalanaur, Punjab, India, Kamran Mirza, Kandahar, Kandahari Begum, Kannauj, Karrani dynasty, Kashmir, Kashmiri language, Kessinger Publishing, Khan Jahan I, Khandesh, Khanum Sultan Begum, Khutbah, Khyber Pass, Kiku Sharda, Kim Stanley Robinson, Krip Suri, Kunal Basu, Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis, Ladakh, Lahore, Language deprivation experiments, Latin, List of people known as "the Great", Maham Anga, Maharana Pratap, Mahavir Jayanti, Mahdavia, Makran, Malwa Sultanate, Man Singh I, Mankot, Mansabdar, Mariam-uz-Zamani, Masum Shah, Matchlock, Mazhar, McGraw-Hill Education, Mecca, Medina, Mewar, Mewat, Mir Ahmed Nasrallah Thattvi, Mirza Muhammad Hakim, Mohammed Iqbal Khan, Moinuddin Chishti, Mughal architecture, Mughal emperors, Mughal Empire, Mughal painting, Mughal-e-Azam, Muhammad, Muhammad Husain Azad, Multan, Munim Khan, Munshiram Manoharlal, Murad Mirza (son of Akbar), Muslim, Muzaffar Alam, Muzaffar Shah III, Nagor, Narmada River, Nass (Islam), Navaratnas, New Testament, Odisha, Orakzai, Orient Blackswan, Oscar R. Gómez, Ottoman Empire, Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean, Ottoman Navy, Oxford University Press, Pakistan, Palitana, Parsi, Paryushana, Pasha, Patna, Penguin Books, Persian Gulf, Persian language, Pierre-Olivier Malherbe, Portuguese Empire, Prithviraj Kapoor, Punjab, Puranas, Qadi, Qadiriyya, Quetta, Quran, Raja Ram Jat, Rajab, Rajat Tokas, Rajput, Rajputana, Rana Sanga, Rani Durgavati, Ranthambore Fort, Raza Library, Reincarnation, Roshaniyya, Rulers of India series, Ruqaiya Sultan Begum, Sadiq Ali, Safavid dynasty, Salim Chishti, Salima Sultan Begum, Salman Rushdie, Sanjay Subrahmanyam, Sanskrit, Sati (practice), Second Battle of Panipat, Sectarianism, Sehwan Sharif, Seydi Ali Reis, Sha'ban, Shah Jahan, Sher Shah Suri, Shia Islam, Sid Meier, Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568), Sikandar Shah Suri, Sindh, Sisodia, Siwana, Siyaasat, Society of Jesus, Sony Pictures Television, Spirituality, Standing army, Subah, Sufism, Sulaiman Khan Karrani, Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan, Sunni Islam, Supreme Court of India, Surat, Swat District, Syncretism, Tahir Muhammad Thattvi, Tahmasp I, Taj Mahal, Tansen, Tardi Beg, Thatta, The Asiatic Society, The Burlington Magazine, The Enchantress of Florence, The Years of Rice and Salt, Tibetan Buddhism, Time (magazine), Timur, Timurid dynasty, Todar Mal, Toleration, Udai Singh II, Udai Singh of Marwar, Uday Tikekar, Ulama, Umarkot Fort, Umerkot, University of Hamburg, Urdu, Uttar Pradesh, Uzbeks, Vedic and Sanskrit literature, Vikram Gokhale, Vincent Arthur Smith, Vizier, War elephant, Warrior, Yahya Saleh, Yusufzai, Zamindar, Zee Magic (India), Zee TV, Zoroastrianism. Expand index (313 more) »

Abbas I of Persia

Shāh Abbās the Great or Shāh Abbās I of Persia (شاه عباس بزرگ; 27 January 157119 January 1629) was the 5th Safavid Shah (king) of Iran, and is generally considered the strongest ruler of the Safavid dynasty.

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Abdullah Khan II

Abdullah Khan (Abdollah Khan Ozbeg) (1533/4–1598), known as "The old Khan", was an Uzbek/Turkoman ruler of the Khanate of Bukhara (1500–1785).

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Abdur Rahim

Abdur Rahim (عبد الرحيم.) is a male Muslim given name, and in modern usage, surname.

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Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak

Shaikh Abu al-Fazal ibn Mubarak (ابو الفضل) also known as Abu'l-Fazl, Abu'l Fadl and Abu'l-Fadl 'Allami (14 January 1551 – 12 August 1602) was the Grand vizier of the Mughal emperor Akbar, and author of the Akbarnama, the official history of Akbar's reign in three volumes, (the third volume is known as the Ain-i-Akbari) and a Persian translation of the Bible.

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Acharya

In Indian religions and society, an acharya (IAST) is a preceptor or instructor in religious matters; founder, or leader of a sect; or a highly learned person or a title affixed to the names of learned people.

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Adham Khan

Adham Khan (1531 – 16 May 1562) was a general of Akbar.

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Afridi

The Afrīdī (اپريدی Aprīdai, plur. اپريدي Aprīdī; آفریدی) is a Pashtun tribe present in Pakistan, with substantial numbers in Afghanistan.

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Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties

Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties is the second expansion pack for the real-time strategy video game Age of Empires III developed through a collaboration between Ensemble Studios and Big Huge Games, and published by Microsoft Game Studios.

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Agra

Agra is a city on the banks of the river Yamuna in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad, also known as Amdavad is the largest city and former capital of the Indian state of Gujarat.

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Ahmednagar Fort

No description.

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Ain-i-Akbari

The Ain-i-Akbari (آئینِ اکبری) or the "Constitution of Akbar", is a 16th-century, detailed document recording the administration of emperor Akbar's empire, written by his vizier, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak.

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Ajmer

Ajmer (अजमेर) is one of the major cities in the Indian state of Rajasthan and the centre of the eponymous Ajmer District.

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Akbar II

Akbar II (22 April 1760 – 28 September 1837), also known as Akbar Shah II, was the penultimate Mughal emperor of India.

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Akbar Khan (director)

Akbar Khan is an Indian film actor, screenwriter, producer and director.

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Akbar's tomb

Akbar's tomb is the tomb of the Mughal emperor, Akbar and an important Mughal architectural masterpiece.

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Akbarnama

The Akbarnama which translates to Book of Akbar, is the official chronicle of the reign of Akbar, the third Mughal Emperor (r. 1556–1605), commissioned by Akbar himself by his court historian and biographer, Abul Fazl who was one of the nine jewels in Akbar's court.

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Aleppo

Aleppo (ﺣﻠﺐ / ALA-LC) is a city in Syria, serving as the capital of the Aleppo Governorate, the most-populous Syrian governorate.

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Alex Rutherford

Alex Rutherford is the pen name of two writers, Diana Preston and her husband Michael Preston.

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Alexander the Great

Alexander III of Macedon (20/21 July 356 BC – 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great (Aléxandros ho Mégas), was a king (basileus) of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon and a member of the Argead dynasty.

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Allahabad

Prayag, or Allahabad is a large metropolitan city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh and the administrative headquarters of Allahabad District, the most populous district in the state and 13th most populous district in India, and the Allahabad Division.

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Amer, India

Amer, now a part of the Jaipur Municipal Corporation, was a city of the Rajasthan state, India.

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Amir Khusrow

Ab'ul Hasan Yamīn ud-Dīn Khusrau (1253 – 1325) (ابوالحسن یمین الدین خسرو, ابوالحسن یمین‌الدین خسرو), better known as Amīr Khusrow Dehlavī, was a Sufi musician, poet and scholar from the Indian subcontinent.

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Animal training

Animal training refers to teaching animals specific responses to specific conditions or stimuli.

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Arabian horse

The Arabian or Arab horse (الحصان العربي, DMG ḥiṣān ʿarabī) is a breed of horse that originated on the Arabian Peninsula.

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Arabian Sea

The Arabian Sea, also known as Sea of Oman, is a region of the northern Indian Ocean bounded on the north by Pakistan and Iran, on the west by the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and the Arabian Peninsula, and on the east by India.

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Arabic

Arabic (العَرَبِيَّة) or (عَرَبِيّ) or) is a Central Semitic language that first emerged in Iron Age northwestern Arabia and is now the lingua franca of the Arab world. It is named after the Arabs, a term initially used to describe peoples living from Mesopotamia in the east to the Anti-Lebanon mountains in the west, in northwestern Arabia, and in the Sinai peninsula. Arabic is classified as a macrolanguage comprising 30 modern varieties, including its standard form, Modern Standard Arabic, which is derived from Classical Arabic. As the modern written language, Modern Standard Arabic is widely taught in schools and universities, and is used to varying degrees in workplaces, government, and the media. The two formal varieties are grouped together as Literary Arabic (fuṣḥā), which is the official language of 26 states and the liturgical language of Islam. Modern Standard Arabic largely follows the grammatical standards of Classical Arabic and uses much of the same vocabulary. However, it has discarded some grammatical constructions and vocabulary that no longer have any counterpart in the spoken varieties, and has adopted certain new constructions and vocabulary from the spoken varieties. Much of the new vocabulary is used to denote concepts that have arisen in the post-classical era, especially in modern times. During the Middle Ages, Literary Arabic was a major vehicle of culture in Europe, especially in science, mathematics and philosophy. As a result, many European languages have also borrowed many words from it. Arabic influence, mainly in vocabulary, is seen in European languages, mainly Spanish and to a lesser extent Portuguese, Valencian and Catalan, owing to both the proximity of Christian European and Muslim Arab civilizations and 800 years of Arabic culture and language in the Iberian Peninsula, referred to in Arabic as al-Andalus. Sicilian has about 500 Arabic words as result of Sicily being progressively conquered by Arabs from North Africa, from the mid 9th to mid 10th centuries. Many of these words relate to agriculture and related activities (Hull and Ruffino). Balkan languages, including Greek and Bulgarian, have also acquired a significant number of Arabic words through contact with Ottoman Turkish. Arabic has influenced many languages around the globe throughout its history. Some of the most influenced languages are Persian, Turkish, Spanish, Urdu, Kashmiri, Kurdish, Bosnian, Kazakh, Bengali, Hindi, Malay, Maldivian, Indonesian, Pashto, Punjabi, Tagalog, Sindhi, and Hausa, and some languages in parts of Africa. Conversely, Arabic has borrowed words from other languages, including Greek and Persian in medieval times, and contemporary European languages such as English and French in modern times. Classical Arabic is the liturgical language of 1.8 billion Muslims and Modern Standard Arabic is one of six official languages of the United Nations. All varieties of Arabic combined are spoken by perhaps as many as 422 million speakers (native and non-native) in the Arab world, making it the fifth most spoken language in the world. Arabic is written with the Arabic alphabet, which is an abjad script and is written from right to left, although the spoken varieties are sometimes written in ASCII Latin from left to right with no standardized orthography.

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Aram Banu Begum

Aram Banu Begum (22 December 1584 – 17 June 1624) was a Mughal princess and was the youngest daughter of Emperor Akbar from his wife Bibi Daulat Shad, who was also the mother of Akbar's second daughter, Shakr-un-Nissa Begum.

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Army of the Mughal Empire

The Army of the Mughal Empire was the force by which the Mughal emperors established their empire in the 15th century and expanded it to its greatest extent at the beginning of the 18th century.

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Artillery

Artillery is a class of large military weapons built to fire munitions far beyond the range and power of infantry's small arms.

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Asceticism

Asceticism (from the ἄσκησις áskesis, "exercise, training") is a lifestyle characterized by abstinence from sensual pleasures, often for the purpose of pursuing spiritual goals.

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Ashoka

Ashoka (died 232 BCE), or Ashoka the Great, was an Indian emperor of the Maurya Dynasty, who ruled almost all of the Indian subcontinent from to 232 BCE.

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Asian Educational Services

Asian Educational Services (AES) is a New Delhi, India-based publishing house that specialises in antiquarian reprints of books that were originally published between the 17th and early 20th centuries.

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Asirgarh Fort

Asirgarh Fort is an Indian fortress (qila) situated in the Satpura Range about north of the city of Burhanpur, in the Indian state of Madhya Pradesh.

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Askari Mirza

| name.

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Attock Fort

Attock Fort (اٹک قلعه) was built at Attock Khurd during the reign of Akbar the Great from 1581 to 1583 under the supervision of Khawaja Shamsuddin Khawafi to protect the passage of the River Indus.

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Aurangzeb

Muhi-ud-Din Muhammad (محي الدين محمد) (3 November 1618 – 3 March 1707), commonly known by the sobriquet Aurangzeb (اَورنگزیب), (اورنگ‌زیب "Ornament of the Throne") or by his regnal title Alamgir (عالمگِیر), (عالمگير "Conqueror of the World"), was the sixth, and widely considered the last effective Mughal emperor.

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Avinesh Rekhi

Avinesh Rekhi is an Indian television actor.

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Śrāvaka

Śrāvaka (Sanskrit) or Sāvaka (Pali) means "hearer" or, more generally, "disciple".

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Babur

Babur (بابر|lit.

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Badakhshan

Badakhshan (Pashto/بدخشان, Badaxšân; Бадахшон, Badaxşon;;, Dungan: Бадахәшон, Xiao'erjing: بَا دَا کْ شًا, Ming dynasty era Chinese name- 巴丹沙) is a historic region comprising parts of what is now northeastern Afghanistan and southeastern Tajikistan.

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Bahadur Shah of Gujarat

Qutb-ud-Din Bahadur Shah, born Bahadur Khan was a sultan of the Muzaffarid dynasty who reigned over the Gujarat Sultanate, a late medieval kingdom in India from 1526 to 1535 and again from 1536 to 1537.

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Bairam Khan

Bairam Khan also Bayram Khan was an important military commander, later commander-in-chief of the Mughal army, a powerful statesman and regent at the court of the Mughal Emperors, Humayun and Akbar.

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Bajaur Agency

Bajaur, Bajur or Bajour (باجوړ) is a district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

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Baloch people

The Baloch or Baluch (Balochi) are a people who live mainly in the Balochistan region of the southeastern-most edge of the Iranian plateau in Pakistan, Iran, and Afghanistan, as well as in the Arabian Peninsula.

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Balochistan

Balōchistān (بلوچستان; also Balūchistān or Balūchestān, often interpreted as the Land of the Baloch) is an arid desert and mountainous region in south-western Asia.

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Baltistan

Baltistan (بلتستان, script also known as Baltiyul or Little Tibet (script), is a mountainous region on the border of Pakistan and India in the Karakoram mountains just south of K2 (the world's second-highest mountain). Baltistan borders Gilgit to the west, Xinjiang (China) in the north, Ladakh on the southeast and the Kashmir Valley on the southwest. Its average altitude is over. Prior to 1947, Baltistan was part of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir, having been conquered by Raja Gulab Singh's armies in 1840. Baltistan and Ladakh were administered jointly under one wazarat (district) of the state. Baltistan retained its identity in this set-up as the Skardu tehsil, with Kargil and Leh being the other two tehsils of the district. After the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir acceded to India, Gilgit Scouts overthrew the Maharaja's governor in Gilgit and (with Azad Kashmir's irregular forces) captured Baltistan. The Gilgit Agency and Baltistan have been governed by Pakistan ever since. The Kashmir Valley and the Kargil and Leh tehsils were retained by India. A small portion of Baltistan, including the village of Turtuk in the Nubra Valley, was incorporated into Ladakh after the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The region is inhabited primarily by Balti people of Tibetan descent. Millennia-old Tibetan culture, customs, norms, language and script still exist, although the vast majority of the population follows Islam. Baltistan is strategically significant to Pakistan and India; the Kargil and Siachen Wars were fought there. The region is the setting for Greg Mortenson's book, Three Cups of Tea.

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Basawan

Basāwan, or Basāvan (flourished 1580-1600), was an Indian miniature painter in the Mughal style.

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Basra

Basra (البصرة al-Baṣrah), is an Iraqi city located on the Shatt al-Arab between Kuwait and Iran.

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Battle of Haldighati

The Battle of Haldighati was a battle fought on 18 June 1576 between cavalry and archers supporting the Rana of Mewar, Maharana Pratap; and the Mughal emperor Akbar's forces, led by Man Singh I of Amber.

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Battle of Khanwa

The Battle of Khanwa was fought near the village of Khanwa, in Bharatpur District of Rajasthan, on March 17, 1527.

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Battle of Tukaroi

The Battle of Tukaroi, also known as the Battle of Bajhaura or the Battle of Mughulmari, was fought on 3 March 1575 near the village of Tukaroi now in Balasore District of Odisha situated between Midnapore and Jaleswar, Odisha.

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Bay of Bengal

The Bay of Bengal (Bengali: বঙ্গোপসাগর) is the northeastern part of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the west and north by India and Bangladesh, and on the east by Myanmar and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands (India).

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Baz Bahadur

Miyan Bayezid Baz Bahadur Khan was the last sultan of Malwa, who reigned from 1555 to 1562.

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Bazaar

A bazaar is a permanently enclosed marketplace or street where goods and services are exchanged or sold.

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Bengal

Bengal (Bānglā/Bôngô /) is a geopolitical, cultural and historical region in Asia, which is located in the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent at the apex of the Bay of Bengal.

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Berar Subah

The Berar Subah was one of the Subahs (imperial first-level provinces) of the Mughal Empire, the first to be added to the original twelve, in Dakhin (Deccan, central India) from 1596 to 1724.

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Berar Sultanate

Berar was one of the Deccan sultanates.

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Bertrice Small

Bertrice Small (December 9, 1937 – February 24, 2015), was an American New York Times bestselling writer of historical and erotic romance novels.

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Bhagwant Das

Raja Bhagawant Das (Rajasthani: राजा भगवंत दास) (1537 – 10 December 1589) was a Kacchwaha ruler of Amber.

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Bhakkar

Bhakkar (بهكّر), is the principal city of Bhakkar District, Punjab, Pakistan.

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Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap

Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap, also known as Mahaputra, is an Indian historical fiction produced by Abhimanyu Raj Singh of Contiloe Entertainment.

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Bharatvarsh (TV series)

Bharatvarsh (भारतवर्ष: महानायकों की गौरव गाथा) is an Indian television historical documentary series, hosted by actor-director Anupam Kher on Hindi news channel ABP News.

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Bhavishya Purana

The Bhavishya Purana is one of the eighteen major works in the Purana genre of Hinduism, written in Sanskrit.

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Bihar

Bihar is an Indian state considered to be a part of Eastern as well as Northern India.

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Bihari Mal

Raja Bihari Mal, also known as Bharmal, Bhagmal and Bihar Mal, (c. 1498 – 27 January 1574) was a Rajput ruler of Amer, which was later known as Jaipur, in the present-day Rajasthan state of India.

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Bikaner

Bikaner is a city in the northwest of the state of Rajasthan, India.

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Birbal

Birbal (born Mahesh Das; 15281586), or Raja Birbal, was a Hindu advisor in the court of the Mughal emperor, Akbar.

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Bollywood

Hindi cinema, often metonymously referred to as Bollywood, is the Indian Hindi-language film industry, based in the city of Mumbai (formerly Bombay), Maharashtra, India.

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Buland Darwaza

Buland Darwaza (बुलंद दरवाज़ा, بُلند دروازه), or the "Gate of victory", was built in 1575 A.D. by Akbar to commemorate his victory over Gujarat.

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Burhanpur

.Burhanpur is a mid-sized historical city in the Nimar region of Madhya Pradesh state, India.

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Caliphate

A caliphate (خِلافة) is a state under the leadership of an Islamic steward with the title of caliph (خَليفة), a person considered a religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire ummah (community).

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Calligraphy

Calligraphy (from Greek: καλλιγραφία) is a visual art related to writing.

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Cannon

A cannon (plural: cannon or cannons) is a type of gun classified as artillery that launches a projectile using propellant.

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Cartaz

Cartaz (plural cartazes, in Portuguese) was a naval trade license or pass issued by the Portuguese in the Indian ocean during the sixteenth century (circa 1502-1750), under the rule of the Portuguese empire.

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Catalans

The Catalans (Catalan, French and Occitan: catalans; catalanes, Italian: catalani) are a Pyrenean/Latin European ethnic group formed by the people from, or with origins in, Catalonia (Spain), in the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula.

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Cavalry

Cavalry (from the French cavalerie, cf. cheval 'horse') or horsemen were soldiers or warriors who fought mounted on horseback.

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Chaitanya Mahaprabhu

Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ((also transliterated Caitanya Mahāprabhu); 18 February 1486 – 14 June 1534) was a Vedic spiritual leader who founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism.

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Chand Bibi

Chand Bibi (1550–1599 CE), was an Indian Muslim regent and warrior.

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Chandrasen Rathore

Chandrasen Rathore was an Indian ruler of Marwar, which was later known as Jodhpur (in the present day Rajasthan state of India).

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Chausa

Chausa is a block in the Buxar district of Bihar, India.

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Chhattisgarhi language

Chhattisgarhi is a language spoken in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh, by 24 million people.

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Chittor Fort

The Chittor Fort or Chittorgarh is one of the largest forts in India.

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Christianity

ChristianityFrom Ancient Greek Χριστός Khristós (Latinized as Christus), translating Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ, Māšîăḥ, meaning "the anointed one", with the Latin suffixes -ian and -itas.

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Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword

Sid Meier's Civilization IV: Beyond the Sword is the second expansion pack of the turn-based strategy video game Civilization IV.

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Communalism (South Asia)

Communalism is a term used in South Asia to denote attempts to construct religious or ethnic identity, incite strife between people identified as different communities, and to stimulate communal violence between those groups.

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Daman district, India

Daman district is one of the two districts of the union territory of Daman and Diu on the western coast of India, surrounded by Valsad District of Gujarat state on the north, east and south and the Persian Gulf to the west.

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Daniyal Mirza

Daniyal Mirza (11 September 1572 – 19 March 1605) was an Imperial Prince of the Mughal Empire who served as the Viceroy of Deccan.

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Daud Khan Karrani

Daud Khan Karrani (reigned 1572 – 12 July 1576) was the youngest son of the Bengali ruler Sulaiman Khan Karrani.

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Dawn (newspaper)

DAWN is Pakistan's oldest, leading and most widely read English-language newspaper.

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DD National

DD National (DD1) is a state-owned general interest terrestrial television channel in India.

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Deccan Plateau

The Deccan PlateauPage 46, is a large plateau in western and southern India.

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Defenestration

Defenestration is the act of throwing someone or something out of a window.

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Delhi

Delhi (Dilli), officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT), is a city and a union territory of India.

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Delhi Sultanate

The Delhi Sultanate (Persian:دهلی سلطان, Urdu) was a Muslim sultanate based mostly in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526).

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Din-i Ilahi

The Dīn-i Ilāhī (lit. "Religion of God") was a syncretic religion propounded by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1582 CE, intending to merge the best elements of the religions of his empire, and thereby reconcile the differences that divided his subjects.

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Diwali

Diwali or Deepavali is the Hindu festival of lights celebrated every year in autumn in the northern hemisphere (spring in southern hemisphere).

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Dulla Bhatti

Dulla Bhatti (popularly referred to as the "Son of Punjab" or "Robin Hood of Punjab", sometimes spelled Dulha Bhatti and also known as Abdullah Bhatti) (died 1599) came from the Punjab region of medieval India and led a revolt against Mughal rule during the rule of the emperor Akbar.

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Dungarpur State

Dungarpur State was a princely state during the British Raj.

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Dysentery

Dysentery is an inflammatory disease of the intestine, especially of the colon, which always results in severe diarrhea and abdominal pains.

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Dyslexia

Dyslexia, also known as reading disorder, is characterized by trouble with reading despite normal intelligence.

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Elizabeth I of England

Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death on 24 March 1603.

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Encyclopædia Iranica

Encyclopædia Iranica is a project whose goal is to create a comprehensive and authoritative English language encyclopedia about the history, culture, and civilization of Iranian peoples from prehistory to modern times.

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Epic (TV channel)

Epic is an Indian television channel that airs action, drama, comedy and narrative non-fiction and fictional programming with a focus on Indian history, folklore and mythology genre.

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Faizi

Shaikh Abu al-Faiz ibn Mubarak, popularly known by his pen-name, Faizi (20 September 1547–15 October 1595) was a Persian poet and scholar of late medieval India.

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Farooqi dynasty

The Farooqi dynasty (also spelt Farooqui, Faruqi) was the ruling dynasty of the Khandesh sultanate from its inception in 1382 till its annexation by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1601.

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Fatehpur Sikri

Fatehpur Sikri is a town in the Agra District of Uttar Pradesh, India.

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Fatwa

A fatwā (فتوى; plural fatāwā فتاوى.) in the Islamic faith is a nonbinding but authoritative legal opinion or learned interpretation that the Sheikhul Islam, a qualified jurist or mufti, can give on issues pertaining to the Islamic law.

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Firman

A firman (فرمان farmân), or ferman (Turkish), at the constitutional level, was a royal mandate or decree issued by a sovereign in an Islamic state, namely the Ottoman Empire.

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Folklore

Folklore is the expressive body of culture shared by a particular group of people; it encompasses the traditions common to that culture, subculture or group.

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Fortification

A fortification is a military construction or building designed for the defense of territories in warfare; and is also used to solidify rule in a region during peacetime.

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Fundamentalism

Fundamentalism usually has a religious connotation that indicates unwavering attachment to a set of irreducible beliefs.

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Gandhara

Gandhāra was an ancient kingdom situated along the Kabul and Swat rivers of Afghanistan and Pakistan.

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Ganges

The Ganges, also known as Ganga, is a trans-boundary river of Asia which flows through the nations of India and Bangladesh.

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Ghazni

Ghazni (Pashto/Persian) or Ghaznai, also historically known as Ghaznin or Ghazna, is a city in Afghanistan with a population of nearly 150,000 people.

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Ghazni Province

Ghazni (غزنی; غزني) is one of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan, located in the southeastern part of the country.

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Goa

Goa is a state in India within the coastal region known as the Konkan, in Western India.

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Godavari River

The Godavari is India's second longest river after the Ganga.

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Gokula

Gokula (also known as Gokal or Gokul Singh; died 1670 AD) was a Jat zamindar of Tilpat, in what is now the state of Haryana, India.

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Gondi people

The Gondi (Gōndi) or Gond people are Adivasi who speak Dravidian language, spread over the states of Madhya Pradesh, eastern Maharashtra (Vidarbha), Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar and Western Odisha.

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Government of Punjab, India

The Government of Punjab also known as the State Government of Punjab, or locally as State Government, is the supreme governing authority of the Indian state of Punjab and its 22 districts.

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Grand Trunk Road

The Grand Trunk Road is one of Asia's oldest and longest major roads.

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Greater Khorasan

Khorasan (Middle Persian: Xwarāsān; خراسان Xorāsān), sometimes called Greater Khorasan, is a historical region lying in northeast of Greater Persia, including part of Central Asia and Afghanistan.

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Greek language

Greek (Modern Greek: ελληνικά, elliniká, "Greek", ελληνική γλώσσα, ellinikí glóssa, "Greek language") is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages, native to Greece and other parts of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Black Sea.

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Gujarat

Gujarat is a state in Western India and Northwest India with an area of, a coastline of – most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula – and a population in excess of 60 million.

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Gujarat Sultanate

The Gujarat Sultanate was a medieval Indian kingdom established in the early 15th century in present-day Gujarat, India.

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Gulbadan Begum

Gulbadan Begum (1523 – 7 February 1603) was a Mughal princess and the youngest daughter of Emperor Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire and the first Mughal emperor.

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Gulrukh Begum

Gulrukh Begum ("The rose-cheeked princess") was a Mughal princess, the daughter of Emperor Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire and the first Mughal emperor.

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Gunpowder Empires

The Gunpowder Empires were the Ottoman, Safavid and Mughal empires.

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Gurdaspur district

Gurdaspur district is a district in the Majha region of the state of Punjab, situated in the northwest part of the Republic of India.

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Guru

Guru (गुरु, IAST: guru) is a Sanskrit term that connotes someone who is a "teacher, guide, expert, or master" of certain knowledge or field.

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Guru Nanak

Guru Nanak (IAST: Gurū Nānak) (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539) was the founder of Sikhism and the first of the ten Sikh Gurus.

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Gwalior Fort

Gwalior Fort (ग्वालियर क़िला Gwalior Qila) is a hill fort near Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, central India.

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Hada Chauhan

Hada/Handa are a branch of the Chauhan community.

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Hafez

Khwāja Shams-ud-Dīn Muḥammad Ḥāfeẓ-e Shīrāzī (خواجه شمس‌‌الدین محمد حافظ شیرازی), known by his pen name Hafez (حافظ Ḥāfeẓ 'the memorizer; the (safe) keeper'; 1315-1390) and as "Hafiz", was a Persian poet who "lauded the joys of love and wine but also targeted religious hypocrisy." His collected works are regarded as a pinnacle of Persian literature and are often found in the homes of people in the Persian speaking world, who learn his poems by heart and still use them as proverbs and sayings.

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Hagiography

A hagiography is a biography of a saint or an ecclesiastical leader.

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Hajj

The Hajj (حَجّ "pilgrimage") is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, the holiest city for Muslims, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime by all adult Muslims who are physically and financially capable of undertaking the journey, and can support their family during their absence.

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Hakim (title)

and are two Arabic titles derived from the same triliteral root Ḥ-K-M "appoint, choose, judge".

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Hamida Banu Begum

Hamida Banu Begum (1527 – 29 August 1604) was a wife of the second Mughal emperor Humayun and the mother of his successor, the third Mughal emperor Akbar.

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Hanafi

The Hanafi (حنفي) school is one of the four religious Sunni Islamic schools of jurisprudence (fiqh).

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Har Mushkil Ka Hal Akbar Birbal

Har Mushkil Ka Hal Akbar Birbal is an Indian historical comedy television series which aired on BIG Magic.

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Haridwar

Haridwar (pron:ˈ), also spelled Hardwar, is an ancient city and municipality in the Haridwar district of Uttarakhand, India.

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Heinrich Blochmann

Heinrich Blochmann, known as Henry Ferdinand Blochmann (8 January 1838 – 13 July 1878), was a German orientalist and scholar of Persian language and literature who spent most of his career in India, where he worked first as a professor, and eventually as the principal at Calcutta Madrasa, now Aliah University in present Kolkata.

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Hemu

Hemu (also known as Hemu Vikramaditya and Hemchandra Vikramaditya) (died 5 November 1556) was a Hindu general and Chief Minister of Adil Shah Suri of the Suri Dynasty during a period in Indian history when the Mughals and Afghans were vying for power across North India.

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Heresy

Heresy is any belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs, in particular the accepted beliefs of a church or religious organization.

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Hijri year

The Hijri year (سَنة هِجْريّة) or era (التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī) is the era used in the Islamic lunar calendar, which begins its count from the Islamic New Year in 622 AD.

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Hindal Mirza

Abu'l-Nasir Muhammad (4 March 1519 – 20 November 1551) better known by the sobriquet, Hindal (Turkish: "Taker of India"), was a Mughal prince and the youngest son of Emperor Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire and the first Mughal emperor.

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Hindi

Hindi (Devanagari: हिन्दी, IAST: Hindī), or Modern Standard Hindi (Devanagari: मानक हिन्दी, IAST: Mānak Hindī) is a standardised and Sanskritised register of the Hindustani language.

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Hindu

Hindu refers to any person who regards themselves as culturally, ethnically, or religiously adhering to aspects of Hinduism.

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Hindu Kush

The Hindu Kush, also known in Ancient Greek as the Caucasus Indicus (Καύκασος Ινδικός) or Paropamisadae (Παροπαμισάδαι), in Pashto and Persian as, Hindu Kush is an mountain range that stretches near the Afghan-Pakistan border,, Quote: "The Hindu Kush mountains run along the Afghan border with the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan".

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Hinduism

Hinduism is an Indian religion and dharma, or a way of life, widely practised in the Indian subcontinent.

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Hiravijaya

Hiravijaya ji (1526–1595 C.E) (also known as Muni Hiravijayji and Hiravijay Suri) was the supreme pontiff of Tapa Gachcha order of Jain Svetambara tradition.

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Hrithik Roshan

Hrithik Roshan (born 10 January 1974) is an Indian actor who appears in Bollywood films.

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Humayun

Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad (نصیرالدین محمد|translit.

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Ibadat Khana

The Ibādat Khāna (House of Worship) was a meeting house built in 1575 CE by the Mughal Emperor Akbar (r. 1556–1605) at Fatehpur Sikri to gather spiritual leaders of different religious grounds so as to conduct a discussion on the teachings of the respective religious leaders.

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Idar

Idar is a town in Sabarkantha district, Gujarat, India.

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Ijtihad

Ijtihad (اجتهاد, lit. effort, physical or mental, expended in a particular activity) is an Islamic legal term referring to independent reasoning or the thorough exertion of a jurist's mental faculty in finding a solution to a legal question.

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Imam

Imam (إمام; plural: أئمة) is an Islamic leadership position.

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India

India (IAST), also called the Republic of India (IAST), is a country in South Asia.

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Indian art

Indian Arts consists of a variety of art forms, including plastic arts (e.g., pottery sculpture), visual arts (e.g., paintings), and textile arts (e.g., woven silk).

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Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage

The Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH) is a non-profit charitable organisation registered under the Societies' Registration Act, 1860.

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Indian subcontinent

The Indian subcontinent is a southern region and peninsula of Asia, mostly situated on the Indian Plate and projecting southwards into the Indian Ocean from the Himalayas.

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Indo-Gangetic Plain

The Indo-Gangetic Plain, also known as the Indus-Ganga Plain and the North Indian River Plain, is a 255 million-hectare (630 million-acre) fertile plain encompassing most of northern and eastern India, the eastern parts of Pakistan, virtually all of Bangladesh and southern plains of Nepal.

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Indo-Persian culture

Indo-Persian culture refers to those Persian aspects that have been integrated into or absorbed into the cultures of South Asia and in particular, into North India, and Pakistan.

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Indu Sundaresan

Indu Sundaresan is an Indian-American author of historical fiction.

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Indus River

The Indus River (also called the Sindhū) is one of the longest rivers in Asia.

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Islam

IslamThere are ten pronunciations of Islam in English, differing in whether the first or second syllable has the stress, whether the s is or, and whether the a is pronounced, or (when the stress is on the first syllable) (Merriam Webster).

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Islam Shah Suri

Islam Shah Suri (reigned: 1545–1554) was the second ruler of the Suri dynasty which ruled part of India in the mid-16th century.

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Jagir

A jagir (IAST: Jāgīr), also spelled as jageer, was a type of feudal land grant in South Asia at the foundation of its Jagirdar system.

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Jahangir

Mirza Nur-ud-din Beig Mohammad Khan Salim مرزا نور الدین محمد خان سلیم, known by his imperial name (جہانگیر) Jahangir (31 August 1569 – 28 October 1627), was the fourth Mughal Emperor who ruled from 1605 until his death in 1627.

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Jainism

Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma, is an ancient Indian religion.

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Jaisalmer

Jaisalmer, nicknamed "The Golden city", is a city in the Indian state of Rajasthan, located west of the state capital Jaipur.

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Jalandhar

Jalandhar, formerly known as Jullundur in British India, is a city in the Doaba region of the northwestern Indian state of Punjab.

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Janjira State

Janjira State was a princely state in India during the British Raj.

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Jat people

The Jat people (also spelled Jatt and Jaat) are a traditionally agricultural community in Northern India and Pakistan.

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Jauhar

Jauhar, sometimes spelled Jowhar or Juhar, was the Hindu custom of mass self-immolation by women in parts of the Indian subcontinent, to avoid capture, enslavement and rape by any foreign invaders, when facing certain defeat during a war.

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Jeddah

Jeddah (sometimes spelled Jiddah or Jedda;; جدة, Hejazi pronunciation) is a city in the Hijaz Tihamah region on the coast of the Red Sea and is the major urban center of western Saudi Arabia. It is the largest city in Makkah Province, the largest seaport on the Red Sea, and with a population of about four million people, the second-largest city in Saudi Arabia after the capital city, Riyadh. Jeddah is Saudi Arabia's commercial capital. Jeddah is the principal gateway to Mecca and Medina, two of the holiest cities in Islam and popular tourist attractions. Economically, Jeddah is focusing on further developing capital investment in scientific and engineering leadership within Saudi Arabia, and the Middle East. Jeddah was independently ranked fourth in the Africa – Mid-East region in terms of innovation in 2009 in the Innovation Cities Index. Jeddah is one of Saudi Arabia's primary resort cities and was named a Beta world city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC). Given the city's close proximity to the Red Sea, fishing and seafood dominates the food culture unlike other parts of the country. In Arabic, the city's motto is "Jeddah Ghair," which translates to "Jeddah is different." The motto has been widely used among both locals as well as foreign visitors. The city had been previously perceived as the "most open" city in Saudi Arabia.

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Jizya

Jizya or jizyah (جزية; جزيه) is a per capita yearly tax historically levied on non-Muslim subjects, called the dhimma, permanently residing in Muslim lands governed by Islamic law.

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Jodha Akbar (TV series)

Jodha Akbar is an Indian historical fiction drama aired on Zee TV.

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Jodhaa Akbar

Jodhaa Akbar is a 2008 Indian historical romance film, co-written, produced and directed by Ashutosh Gowariker.

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Kabir

Kabir (कबीर, IAST: Kabīr) was a 15th-century Indian mystic poet and saint, whose writings influenced Hinduism's Bhakti movement and his verses are found in Sikhism's scripture Guru Granth Sahib.

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Kabul

Kabul (کابل) is the capital of Afghanistan and its largest city, located in the eastern section of the country.

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Kachwaha

The Kachwaha are a caste group with origins in India.

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Kaftan

A kaftan or caftan (قفطان qafṭān) is a variant of the robe or tunic and has been worn by several cultures around the world for thousands of years.

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Kalanaur, Punjab, India

Kalanaur is a City in Kalanaur Tehsil in Gurdaspur District of Punjab State, India.

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Kamran Mirza

Kamran Mirza, also known simply as Kamran, (1509 – 5 (or 6) October 1557) was the second son of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Empire and the first Mughal Emperor.

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Kandahar

Kandahār or Qandahār (کندهار; قندهار; known in older literature as Candahar) is the second-largest city in Afghanistan, with a population of about 557,118.

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Kandahari Begum

Kandahari Begum (also spelled Qandahari Begum; 1593 – ?; also known as Kandahari Mahal; Arabic, قندهاری‌ بیگم‌; meaning "Lady from Kandahar") was the first wife of the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.

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Kannauj

Kannauj also spelt Kanauj, is a city, administrative headquarters and a municipal board or Nagar Palika Parishad in Kannauj district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.

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Karrani dynasty

The Karrani dynasty (د کرلاڼيو واکمني) was founded in 1564 by Taj Khan Karrani, an ethnic Pashtun from the Karlani tribe.

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Kashmir

Kashmir is the northernmost geographical region of the Indian subcontinent.

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Kashmiri language

Kashmiri (کأشُر), or Koshur (pronounced kọ̄šur or kạ̄šur) is a language from the Dardic subgroup of Indo-Aryan languages and it is spoken primarily in the Kashmir Valley and Chenab Valley of Jammu and Kashmir.

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Kessinger Publishing

Kessinger Publishing LLC is an American print on demand publishing company located in Whitefish, Montana that specializes in rare, out of print books.

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Khan Jahan I

Hussain Quli Beg was a Mughal General with the rank of 5000.

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Khandesh

Khandesh (Marathi:खानदेश) is a geographic region in Central India, which forms the northwestern portion of Maharashtra state.

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Khanum Sultan Begum

Khanum Sultan Begum (1569 – 1603) was a Mughal princess and the eldest daughter of Emperor Akbar.

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Khutbah

Khutbah (Arabic: خطبة khuṭbah, hutbe) serves as the primary formal occasion for public preaching in the Islamic tradition.

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Khyber Pass

The Khyber Pass (د خیبر درہ, درۂ خیبر) (elevation) is a mountain pass in the north of Pakistan, close to the border with Afghanistan.

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Kiku Sharda

Kiku Sharda (born Raghvendra) is an Indian comedian, and film and television actor.

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Kim Stanley Robinson

Kim Stanley Robinson (born March 23, 1952) is an American writer of science fiction.

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Krip Suri

Krip Kapur Suri, (born 14 June 1986) is an Indian model turned actor.

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Kunal Basu

Kunal Basu (Bengali: কুনাল বসু) is an Indian author of English fiction who has written five novels – The Opium Clerk (2001), The Miniaturist (2003), Racists (2006), The Yellow Emperor's Cure (2011) and Kalkatta (2015).

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Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis

Kurtoğlu Hızır Reis was an Ottoman admiral who is best known for commanding the Ottoman naval expedition to Sumatra in Indonesia (1568–1569).

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Ladakh

Ladakh ("land of high passes") is a region in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir that currently extends from the Kunlun mountain range to the main Great Himalayas to the south, inhabited by people of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan descent.

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Lahore

Lahore (لاہور, لہور) is the capital city of the Pakistani province of Punjab, and is the country’s second-most populous city after Karachi.

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Language deprivation experiments

Language deprivation experiments have been attempted several times through history, isolating infants from the normal use of spoken or signed language in an attempt to discover the fundamental character of human nature or the origin of language.

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Latin

Latin (Latin: lingua latīna) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages.

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List of people known as "the Great"

This is a list of people known as "the Great".

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Maham Anga

Maham Anga (died 1562) was the chief nurse of the Mughal emperor Akbar.

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Maharana Pratap

Pratap Singh I (9 May 1540 – 19 January 1597) popularly known as Maharana Pratap, was a Rajput king of Mewar, a region in north-western India in the present day state of Rajasthan.

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Mahavir Jayanti

Mahaveer Janma Kalyanak, is one of the most important religious festivals for Jains.

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Mahdavia

Mahdavia (مهدوي. mahdawi) or Mahdavism, is a Mahdiist Muslim sect founded by Syed Muhammad Jaunpuri in India in the late 15th century.

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Makran

Makran (مکران), (pronounced) is a semi-desert coastal strip in Balochistan, in Pakistan and Iran, along the coast of the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman.

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Malwa Sultanate

The Malwa Sultanate was a late medieval kingdom presumably of Turkic origin, in the Malwa region of the present day Madhya Pradesh state in India in 1392–1562.

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Man Singh I

Man Singh (Man Singh I) (21 December 1550 – 6 July 1614) was the Rajput Raja of Amer, a state later known as Jaipur in Rajputana.

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Mankot

Mankot is a Village situated in Bageshwar district in the State of Uttarakhand, India.

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Mansabdar

The Mansabdari system was the administrative system of the Mughal Empire introduced by Akbar.

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Mariam-uz-Zamani

Mariam-uz-Zamani, (1542 – 19 May 1623) was the chief wife of Mughal emperor Akbar.

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Masum Shah

Mir Muhammad Masoom Shah Bakhri also known as Syed Nizamuddin Mir Muhammad Masoom Shah was a sixteenth-century Sindhi Muslim historian, physician and pharmacist from Bakhar, Sindh (modern-day Pakistan).

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Matchlock

The matchlock was the first mechanism invented to facilitate the firing of a hand-held firearm.

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Mazhar

The mazhar (مظهر; plural mazāhar, مظاهر) is a large, heavy tambourine used in Arabic music.

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McGraw-Hill Education

McGraw-Hill Education (MHE) is a learning science company and one of the "big three" educational publishers that provides customized educational content, software, and services for pre-K through postgraduate education.

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Mecca

Mecca or Makkah (مكة is a city in the Hejazi region of the Arabian Peninsula, and the plain of Tihamah in Saudi Arabia, and is also the capital and administrative headquarters of the Makkah Region. The city is located inland from Jeddah in a narrow valley at a height of above sea level, and south of Medina. Its resident population in 2012 was roughly 2 million, although visitors more than triple this number every year during the Ḥajj (حَـجّ, "Pilgrimage") period held in the twelfth Muslim lunar month of Dhūl-Ḥijjah (ذُو الْـحِـجَّـة). As the birthplace of Muhammad, and the site of Muhammad's first revelation of the Quran (specifically, a cave from Mecca), Mecca is regarded as the holiest city in the religion of Islam and a pilgrimage to it known as the Hajj is obligatory for all able Muslims. Mecca is home to the Kaaba, by majority description Islam's holiest site, as well as being the direction of Muslim prayer. Mecca was long ruled by Muhammad's descendants, the sharifs, acting either as independent rulers or as vassals to larger polities. It was conquered by Ibn Saud in 1925. In its modern period, Mecca has seen tremendous expansion in size and infrastructure, home to structures such as the Abraj Al Bait, also known as the Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel, the world's fourth tallest building and the building with the third largest amount of floor area. During this expansion, Mecca has lost some historical structures and archaeological sites, such as the Ajyad Fortress. Today, more than 15 million Muslims visit Mecca annually, including several million during the few days of the Hajj. As a result, Mecca has become one of the most cosmopolitan cities in the Muslim world,Fattah, Hassan M., The New York Times (20 January 2005). even though non-Muslims are prohibited from entering the city.

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Medina

Medina (المدينة المنورة,, "the radiant city"; or المدينة,, "the city"), also transliterated as Madīnah, is a city in the Hejaz region of the Arabian Peninsula and administrative headquarters of the Al-Madinah Region of Saudi Arabia.

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Mewar

Mewar or Mewāḍ is a region of south-central Rajasthan state in western India.

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Mewat

Mewat is a historical region of Haryana and Rajasthan states in northwestern India.

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Mir Ahmed Nasrallah Thattvi

Mir Hajji Mulla Ahmad Nasr Allah Tattavi (d.1588) was born in Thatta, Sindh.

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Mirza Muhammad Hakim

Shahzada Mirza Muhammad Hakim (29 April 1553 – 10 October 1585), sometimes known simply as Mirza Hakim, short: Mirza, was the second son of Mughal emperor Humayun.

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Mohammed Iqbal Khan

Mohammed Iqbal Khan (born 10 February 1981), more commonly known as Iqbal Khan, is an Top actor on Indian television and has also worked in Bollywood.

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Moinuddin Chishti

Chishtī Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan Sijzī (1142–1236 CE), known more commonly as Muʿīn al-Dīn Chishtī or Moinuddin Chishti,Blain Auer, “Chishtī Muʿīn al-Dīn Ḥasan”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson.

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Mughal architecture

Mughal architecture is the type of Indo-Islamic architecture developed by the Mughals in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries throughout the ever-changing extent of their empire in the Indian subcontinent.

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Mughal emperors

The Mughal emperors, from the early 16th century to the early 18th century, built and ruled the Mughal Empire on the Indian subcontinent, mainly corresponding to the modern countries of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh.

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Mughal Empire

The Mughal Empire (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān)) or Mogul Empire was an empire in the Indian subcontinent, founded in 1526. It was established and ruled by a Muslim dynasty with Turco-Mongol Chagatai roots from Central Asia, but with significant Indian Rajput and Persian ancestry through marriage alliances; only the first two Mughal emperors were fully Central Asian, while successive emperors were of predominantly Rajput and Persian ancestry. The dynasty was Indo-Persian in culture, combining Persianate culture with local Indian cultural influences visible in its traits and customs. The Mughal Empire at its peak extended over nearly all of the Indian subcontinent and parts of Afghanistan. It was the second largest empire to have existed in the Indian subcontinent, spanning approximately four million square kilometres at its zenith, after only the Maurya Empire, which spanned approximately five million square kilometres. The Mughal Empire ushered in a period of proto-industrialization, and around the 17th century, Mughal India became the world's largest economic power, accounting for 24.4% of world GDP, and the world leader in manufacturing, producing 25% of global industrial output up until the 18th century. The Mughal Empire is considered "India's last golden age" and one of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires (along with the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Persia). The beginning of the empire is conventionally dated to the victory by its founder Babur over Ibrahim Lodi, the last ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, in the First Battle of Panipat (1526). The Mughal emperors had roots in the Turco-Mongol Timurid dynasty of Central Asia, claiming direct descent from both Genghis Khan (founder of the Mongol Empire, through his son Chagatai Khan) and Timur (Turco-Mongol conqueror who founded the Timurid Empire). During the reign of Humayun, the successor of Babur, the empire was briefly interrupted by the Sur Empire. The "classic period" of the Mughal Empire started in 1556 with the ascension of Akbar the Great to the throne. Under the rule of Akbar and his son Jahangir, the region enjoyed economic progress as well as religious harmony, and the monarchs were interested in local religious and cultural traditions. Akbar was a successful warrior who also forged alliances with several Hindu Rajput kingdoms. Some Rajput kingdoms continued to pose a significant threat to the Mughal dominance of northwestern India, but most of them were subdued by Akbar. All Mughal emperors were Muslims; Akbar, however, propounded a syncretic religion in the latter part of his life called Dīn-i Ilāhī, as recorded in historical books like Ain-i-Akbari and Dabistān-i Mazāhib. The Mughal Empire did not try to intervene in the local societies during most of its existence, but rather balanced and pacified them through new administrative practices and diverse and inclusive ruling elites, leading to more systematic, centralised, and uniform rule. Traditional and newly coherent social groups in northern and western India, such as the Maratha Empire|Marathas, the Rajputs, the Pashtuns, the Hindu Jats and the Sikhs, gained military and governing ambitions during Mughal rule, which, through collaboration or adversity, gave them both recognition and military experience. The reign of Shah Jahan, the fifth emperor, between 1628 and 1658, was the zenith of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the best known of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Badshahi Mosque, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Category:History of Bengal Category:History of West Bengal Category:History of Bangladesh Category:History of Kolkata Category:Empires and kingdoms of Afghanistan Category:Medieval India Category:Historical Turkic states Category:Mongol states Category:1526 establishments in the Mughal Empire Category:1857 disestablishments in the Mughal Empire Category:History of Pakistan.

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Mughal painting

Mughal paintings are a particular style of South Asian painting, generally confined to miniatures either as book illustrations or as single works to be kept in albums, which emerged from Persian miniature painting (itself largely of Chinese origin), with Indian Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist influences, and developed largely in the court of the Mughal Empire of the 16th to 18th centuries.

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Mughal-e-Azam

Mughal-e-Azam (English: The Great Mughal) is a 1960 Indian epic historical drama film directed by K. Asif and produced by Shapoorji Pallonji.

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Muhammad

MuhammadFull name: Abū al-Qāsim Muḥammad ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib ibn Hāšim (ابو القاسم محمد ابن عبد الله ابن عبد المطلب ابن هاشم, lit: Father of Qasim Muhammad son of Abd Allah son of Abdul-Muttalib son of Hashim) (مُحمّد;;Classical Arabic pronunciation Latinized as Mahometus c. 570 CE – 8 June 632 CE)Elizabeth Goldman (1995), p. 63, gives 8 June 632 CE, the dominant Islamic tradition.

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Muhammad Husain Azad

Muhammad Husain Azad (مُحمّد حُسَین آزاد —; 5 May 1830– 22 January 1910) was an Urdu writer who wrote both prose and poetry, but he is mostly remembered for his prose.

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Multan

Multan (Punjabi, Saraiki, مُلتان), is a Pakistani city and the headquarters of Multan District in the province of Punjab.

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Munim Khan

Munim Khan Khan-i-Khanan was a Mughal general under both emperors Humayun and Akbar.

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Munshiram Manoharlal

Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt.

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Murad Mirza (son of Akbar)

Shahzada Murad Mirza (8 June 1570 – 12 May 1599) was a Mughal prince as the second surviving son of Mughal Emperor Akbar.

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Muslim

A Muslim (مُسلِم) is someone who follows or practices Islam, a monotheistic Abrahamic religion.

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Muzaffar Alam

Muzaffar Alam (born 3 February 1947) is the George V. Bobrinskoy Professor in South Asian Languages and Civilizations at the University of Chicago.

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Muzaffar Shah III

Shams-ud-Din Muzaffar Shah III was the last sultan of the Muzaffarid dynasty who nominally reigned over the Gujarat Sultanate, a late medieval kingdom in India from 1561 to 1573 though true powers were exerted by his nobles.

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Nagor

Nagor or Nagher is a village in Bhuj Taluka of Kutch at a distance of about 8 km from Bhuj town, the capital of Kachchh District of Gujarat in India.

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Narmada River

The Narmada, also called the Rewa and previously also known as Nerbudda,even Shankari, is a river in central India and the sixth longest river in the Indian subcontinent.

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Nass (Islam)

Nass (نصّ.) is an Arabic word meaning "a known, or clear, legal injunction".

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Navaratnas

Navaratnas (Sanskrit dvigu nava-ratna- or "nine gems") or Nauratan was a term applied to a group of nine extraordinary people in an emperor's court in India.

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New Testament

The New Testament (Ἡ Καινὴ Διαθήκη, trans. Hē Kainḕ Diathḗkē; Novum Testamentum) is the second part of the Christian biblical canon, the first part being the Old Testament, based on the Hebrew Bible.

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Odisha

Odisha (formerly Orissa) is one of the 29 states of India, located in eastern India.

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Orakzai

Orakzai is a Pashtun tribe native to the Orakzai Agency, FATA of Pakistan and also reside in the North West Frontier Province.

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Orient Blackswan

Orient Blackswan Pvt.

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Oscar R. Gómez

Oscar R. Gómez (Osy) (born March 9, 1956, in Puerto Belgrano, province of Buenos Aires) is an Argentine writer, psychoanalyst and academic researcher who became renown as an integrator of Tibetan Tantric Buddhism with Western formal sciences and who constituted the first religious organization in Argentina engaged in the Tantric Worship practice in children and adults.

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Ottoman Empire

The Ottoman Empire (دولت عليه عثمانیه,, literally The Exalted Ottoman State; Modern Turkish: Osmanlı İmparatorluğu or Osmanlı Devleti), also historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire"The Ottoman Empire-also known in Europe as the Turkish Empire" or simply Turkey, was a state that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries.

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Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean

The Ottoman naval expeditions in the Indian Ocean (Hint seferleri or Hint Deniz seferleri, "Indian Ocean campaigns") were a series of Ottoman amphibious operations in the Indian Ocean in the 16th century.

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Ottoman Navy

The Ottoman Navy (Osmanlı Donanması or Donanma-yı Humâyûn), also known as the Ottoman Fleet, was established in the early 14th century after the Ottoman Empire first expanded to reach the sea in 1323 by capturing Karamürsel, the site of the first Ottoman naval shipyard and the nucleus of the future Navy.

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Oxford University Press

Oxford University Press (OUP) is the largest university press in the world, and the second oldest after Cambridge University Press.

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Pakistan

Pakistan (پاکِستان), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (اِسلامی جمہوریہ پاکِستان), is a country in South Asia.

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Palitana

Palitana is a town in Bhavnagar district, Gujarat, India.

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Parsi

A Parsi (or Parsee) means "Persian" in the "Persian Language", which today mainly refers to a member of a Zoroastrian community, one of two (the other being Iranis) mainly located in India, with a few in Pakistan.

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Paryushana

Paryushana is the most important annual holy events for Jains and is usually celebrated in August or September in Hindi calender Bhadrapad Month's Shukla Paksha.

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Pasha

Pasha or Paşa (پاشا, paşa), in older works sometimes anglicized as bashaw, was a higher rank in the Ottoman political and military system, typically granted to governors, generals, dignitaries and others.

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Patna

Patna is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India.

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Penguin Books

Penguin Books is a British publishing house.

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Persian Gulf

The Persian Gulf (lit), (الخليج الفارسي) is a mediterranean sea in Western Asia.

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Persian language

Persian, also known by its endonym Farsi (فارسی), is one of the Western Iranian languages within the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European language family.

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Pierre-Olivier Malherbe

Pierre-Olivier Malherbe (1569–1616) was a French explorer from the city of Vitré.

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Portuguese Empire

The Portuguese Empire (Império Português), also known as the Portuguese Overseas (Ultramar Português) or the Portuguese Colonial Empire (Império Colonial Português), was one of the largest and longest-lived empires in world history and the first colonial empire of the Renaissance.

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Prithviraj Kapoor

Prithviraj Kapoor (3 November 1906– 29 May 1972) born Prithvinath Kapoor, was a pioneer of Indian theatre and of the Hindi film industry, who started his career as an actor in the silent era of Hindi cinema, associated with IPTA as one of its founding members and who founded the Prithvi Theatres, a travelling theatre company based in Mumbai, in 1944.

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Punjab

The Punjab, also spelled Panjab (land of "five rivers"; Punjabi: پنجاب (Shahmukhi); ਪੰਜਾਬ (Gurumukhi); Πενταποταμία, Pentapotamia) is a geographical and cultural region in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, comprising areas of eastern Pakistan and northern India.

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Puranas

The Puranas (singular: पुराण), are ancient Hindu texts eulogizing various deities, primarily the divine Trimurti God in Hinduism through divine stories.

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Qadi

A qadi (قاضي; also cadi, kadi or kazi) is the magistrate or judge of the Shariʿa court, who also exercises extrajudicial functions, such as mediation, guardianship over orphans and minors, and supervision and auditing of public works.

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Qadiriyya

The Qadiriyya (القادريه, قادریه, also transliterated Qadri, Qadriya, Kadri, Elkadri, Elkadry, Aladray, Alkadrie, Adray, Kadray, Qadiri,"Quadri" or Qadri) are members of the Qadiri tariqa (Sufi order).

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Quetta

Quetta (کوټه; کویته; کوٹه; کوئٹہ) is the provincial capital and largest city of Balochistan, Pakistan.

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Quran

The Quran (القرآن, literally meaning "the recitation"; also romanized Qur'an or Koran) is the central religious text of Islam, which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God (Allah).

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Raja Ram Jat

Raja Ram (1670–1688) was a Jat leader who organised a rebellion against Aurangzeb.

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Rajab

Rajab (رجب) is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar.

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Rajat Tokas

Rajat Tokass an Indian television actor, known primarily for his work in historical dramas, which includes his portrayal of Prithviraj Chauhan in the series Dharti Ka Veer Yodha Prithviraj Chauhan, Emperor Akbar in Jodha Akbar, and most recently Chandragupta Maurya in Chandra Nandini.

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Rajput

Rajput (from Sanskrit raja-putra, "son of a king") is a large multi-component cluster of castes, kin bodies, and local groups, sharing social status and ideology of genealogical descent originating from the Indian subcontinent.

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Rajputana

Rājputāna (Rajasthani/राजपूताना), (راجپُوتانہ), meaning “Land of the Rajputs”, was a region in India that included mainly the present-day Indian state of Rajasthan rajput are 10 percent in rajasthan mostly mp and mla of rajasthan are of rajput community after gurjar and meena it is the 3rd largest populated community in rajasthan arat and some adjoining areas of Sindh in modern-day southern Pakistan.

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Rana Sanga

Maharana Sangram Singh (12 April 1482 – 30 January 1528) commonly known as Rana Sanga, was Rana of Mewar and head of a powerful Hindu Rajput confederacy in Rajputana during the 16th century.

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Rani Durgavati

Rani Durgavati Maravi Gurjar (October 5, 1524 – June 24, 1564) was a ruling Queen of Gondwana from 1550 until 1564.

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Ranthambore Fort

Ranthambore Fort lies within the Ranthambore National Park, near the town of Sawai Madhopur, the park being the former hunting grounds of the Maharajahs of Jaipur until the time of India's Independence.

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Raza Library

The Rampur Raza Library (Rāmpur Razā Kitāb Khāna) located in Rampur, Uttar Pradesh, India is a repository of Indo-Islamic cultural heritage and a treasure-house of knowledge established in last decades 18th century, and built up by successive Nawabs of Rampur and now managed by Government of India.

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Reincarnation

Reincarnation is the philosophical or religious concept that an aspect of a living being starts a new life in a different physical body or form after each biological death.

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Roshaniyya

The Roshaniyya (روښاني غورځنګ, "the enlightened movement") was a populist, nonsectarian Sufi reformation movement founded in 16th-century by the Afghan or Pashtun warrior-poet, Pīr Bāyazīd Khān, who is more commonly known as Pīr Roshān or Pīr Rokhān ("the enlightened Pir (sufi master)").

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Rulers of India series

The Rulers of India was a biographical book series edited by William Wilson Hunter and published from the Clarendon Press, Oxford.

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Ruqaiya Sultan Begum

Ruqaiya Sultan Begum (alternative spelling: Ruqayya, Ruqayyah) (1542 – 19 January 1626) was empress consort of the Mughal Empire from 1557 to 1605 as the first wife of the third Mughal emperor Akbar.

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Sadiq Ali

Sadiq Ali (2 May 1952 – 18 April 2011) was a senior politician of Kashmir, India, a noted poet and writer and an active environmentalist.

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Safavid dynasty

The Safavid dynasty (دودمان صفوی Dudmān e Safavi) was one of the most significant ruling dynasties of Iran, often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history.

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Salim Chishti

Salim Chishti (1478–1572) (सलीम चिश्ती) was a Sufi saint of the Chishti Order during the Mughal Empire in India.

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Salima Sultan Begum

Salima Sultan Begum (Urdu: سلیمہ سلطان بیگم) (February 23, 1539 – January 2, 1613) was the fourth wife of Emperor Akbar.

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Salman Rushdie

Sir Ahmed Salman Rushdie (born 19 June 1947) is a British Indian novelist and essayist.

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Sanjay Subrahmanyam

Sanjay Subrahmanyam (born 21 May 1961) is an Indian historian who specialises in the early modern period.

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Sanskrit

Sanskrit is the primary liturgical language of Hinduism; a philosophical language of Hinduism, Sikhism, Buddhism and Jainism; and a former literary language and lingua franca for the educated of ancient and medieval India.

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Sati (practice)

Sati or suttee is an obsolete funeral custom where a widow immolates herself on her husband's pyre or takes her own life in another fashion shortly after her husband's death.

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Second Battle of Panipat

The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on November 5, 1556, between the forces of Hemu, the Hindu general and the army of the Mughal emperor, Akbar.

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Sectarianism

Sectarianism is a form of bigotry, discrimination, or hatred arising from attaching relations of inferiority and superiority to differences between subdivisions within a group.

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Sehwan Sharif

Sehwan (سيوهڻ شريف, سیہون; also commonly referred to as Sehwan Sharif, or Noble Sehwan, is a historic city located in Jamshoro District of Sindh province in Pakistan and is situated on the west bank of the Indus north-west of Hyderabad. The city is renowned for being home of one of Pakistan's most important Sufi shrines, the Shrine of Lal Shahbaz Qalandar. Due to the popularity of its Sufi shrine, the terms "Sehwan" and "Qalandar" are often used interchangeably in Pakistan. Sehwan is one of Pakistan's most important spiritual centres, along with other shrines such as the Shrine of Abdullah Shah Ghazi in Karachi, Data Durbar Complex in Lahore, Bari Imam in Noorpur Shehan near Islamabad, and the lustrous tombs of the Suhrawardi sufis in Multan.

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Seydi Ali Reis

Seydi Ali Reis (1498–1563), formerly also written Sidi Ali Reis and Sidi Ali Ben Hossein, was an Ottoman admiral and navigator.

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Sha'ban

Sha'ban (sha‘bān) is the eighth month of the Islamic calendar.

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Shah Jahan

Mirza Shahab-ud-din Baig Muhammad Khan Khurram (5 January 1592 – 22 January 1666), better known by his regnal name Shah Jahan (شاہ جہاں), (Persian:شاه جهان "King of the World"), was the fifth Mughal emperor, who reigned from 1628 to 1658.

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Sher Shah Suri

Shēr Shāh Sūrī (1486–22 May 1545), born Farīd Khān, was the founder of the Suri Empire in the northern part of the Indian subcontinent, with its capital at Delhi. An ethnic Pashtun, Sher Shah took control of the Mughal Empire in 1538. After his accidental death in 1545, his son Islam Shah became his successor. He first served as a private before rising to become a commander in the Mughal army under Babur and then the governor of Bihar. In 1537, when Babur's son Humayun was elsewhere on an expedition, Sher Shah overran the state of Bengal and established the Suri dynasty. A brilliant strategist, Sher Shah proved himself as a gifted administrator as well as a capable general. His reorganization of the empire laid the foundations for the later Mughal emperors, notably Akbar, son of Humayun. During his seven-year rule from 1538 to 1545, he set up a new civic and military administration, issued the first Rupiya from "Taka" and re-organised the postal system of India. He further developed Humayun's Dina-panah city and named it Shergarh and revived the historical city of Pataliputra, which had been in decline since the 7th century CE, as Patna. He extended the Grand Trunk Road from Chittagong in the frontiers of the province of Bengal in northeast India to Kabul in Afghanistan in the far northwest of the country.

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Shia Islam

Shia (شيعة Shīʿah, from Shīʻatu ʻAlī, "followers of Ali") is a branch of Islam which holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor (Imam), most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm.

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Sid Meier

Sidney K. Meier (born February 24, 1954) is a Canadian-American programmer, designer, and producer of several strategy video games and simulation video games, including the Civilization series.

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Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)

The Siege of Chittorgarh (20 October 1567 – 23 February 1568) was a part of the campaign of the Mughal Empire against the kingdom of Mewar in 1567.

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Sikandar Shah Suri

Sikandar Shah Suri (died 1559) was the sixth ruler of Sur dynasty, a late medieval Pashtun dynasty of northern India.

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Sindh

Sindh (سنڌ; سِندھ) is one of the four provinces of Pakistan, in the southeast of the country.

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Sisodia

The Sisodia are an Indian Rajput clan, who claim Suryavanshi lineage.

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Siwana

Siwana is a Tehsil in Barmer district in Indian state of Rajasthan, located 151 km from Barmer.

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Siyaasat

Siyaasat (English: Politics) is an Indian historical drama which aired on The EPIC Channel.

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Society of Jesus

The Society of Jesus (SJ – from Societas Iesu) is a scholarly religious congregation of the Catholic Church which originated in sixteenth-century Spain.

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Sony Pictures Television

Sony Pictures Television Inc. (or SPT) is an American television production and distribution studio founded in 2002 as the successor to Columbia TriStar Television.

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Spirituality

Traditionally, spirituality refers to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man," oriented at "the image of God" as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world.

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Standing army

A standing army, unlike a reserve army, is a permanent, often professional, army.

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Subah

A Subah was the term for a province in the Mughal Empire.

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Sufism

Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (personal noun: ṣūfiyy / ṣūfī, mutaṣawwuf), variously defined as "Islamic mysticism",Martin Lings, What is Sufism? (Lahore: Suhail Academy, 2005; first imp. 1983, second imp. 1999), p.15 "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam",Massington, L., Radtke, B., Chittick, W. C., Jong, F. de, Lewisohn, L., Zarcone, Th., Ernst, C, Aubin, Françoise and J.O. Hunwick, “Taṣawwuf”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, edited by: P. Bearman, Th.

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Sulaiman Khan Karrani

Sulaiman Khan Karrani (reigned: 1566–1572) was a ruler of Bengal since the death of his elder brother Taj Khan Karrani.

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Suleiman the Magnificent

|spouse.

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Sultan

Sultan (سلطان) is a position with several historical meanings.

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Sunni Islam

Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam.

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Supreme Court of India

The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India, the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review.

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Surat

Surat is a city in the Indian state of Gujarat.

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Swat District

Swāt (Pashto, Urdu: سوات) is a valley and an administrative district in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.

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Syncretism

Syncretism is the combining of different beliefs, while blending practices of various schools of thought.

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Tahir Muhammad Thattvi

Mir Tahir Muhammad Ibn Hassan Sabzavari Tattavi was a Sindhi Muslim poet and historian during the rule of the Mughal Empire, who composed poetry under the pen-name Nisyani.

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Tahmasp I

Tahmasp I (شاه تهماسب یکم) (22 February 1514 – 14 May 1576) was an influential Shah of Iran, who enjoyed the longest reign of any member of the Safavid dynasty.

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Taj Mahal

The Taj Mahal (meaning "Crown of the Palace") is an ivory-white marble mausoleum on the south bank of the Yamuna river in the Indian city of Agra.

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Tansen

Tansen (c. 1500 – 1586), also referred to as Tan Sen / Ramtanu, was a prominent figure of North Indian (Hindustani) classical music.

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Tardi Beg

Tardi Beg was a military commander in the 16th century in Mughal India.

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Thatta

Thatta (ٺٽو) is a city in the Pakistani province of Sindh.

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The Asiatic Society

The Asiatic Society was founded by civil servant Sir William Jones on 15 January 1784 in a meeting presided over by Sir William Jones, Justice of the Supreme Court of Judicature at Fort William at the Fort William in Calcutta, then capital of the British Raj, to enhance and further the cause of Oriental research.

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The Burlington Magazine

The Burlington Magazine is a monthly academic journal that covers the fine and decorative arts.

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The Enchantress of Florence

The Enchantress of Florence is the ninth novel by Salman Rushdie, published in 2008.

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The Years of Rice and Salt

The Years of Rice and Salt is an alternate history novel written by science fiction author Kim Stanley Robinson and published in 2002.

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Tibetan Buddhism

Tibetan Buddhism is the form of Buddhist doctrine and institutions named after the lands of Tibet, but also found in the regions surrounding the Himalayas and much of Central Asia.

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Time (magazine)

Time is an American weekly news magazine and news website published in New York City.

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Timur

Timur (تیمور Temūr, Chagatai: Temür; 9 April 1336 – 18 February 1405), historically known as Amir Timur and Tamerlane (تيمور لنگ Temūr(-i) Lang, "Timur the Lame"), was a Turco-Mongol conqueror.

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Timurid dynasty

The Timurid dynasty (تیموریان), self-designated as Gurkani (گورکانیان, Gūrkāniyān), was a Sunni Muslim dynasty or clan of Turco-Mongol lineageB.F. Manz, "Tīmūr Lang", in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006Encyclopædia Britannica, "", Online Academic Edition, 2007.

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Todar Mal

Raja Todar Mal was the Finance Minister of the Mughal empire during Akbar's reign.

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Toleration

Toleration is the acceptance of an action, object, or person which one dislikes or disagrees with, where one is in a position to disallow it but chooses not to.

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Udai Singh II

Udai Singh II (4 August 1522 – 28 February 1572) was the Maharana of Mewar and the founder of the city of Udaipur in the present day Rajasthan state of India.

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Udai Singh of Marwar

Udai Singh (13 January 1538 – 10 July 1595), also known by the sobriquet Mota Raja (the fat king), was the Rathore ruler (reigned 1583–95) of Marwar, which was later known as Jodhpur (in the present day Rajasthan state of India).

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Uday Tikekar

Uday Tikekar (Marathi: उदय टिकेकर) is an Indian film and television actor.

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Ulama

The Arabic term ulama (علماء., singular عالِم, "scholar", literally "the learned ones", also spelled ulema; feminine: alimah and uluma), according to the Encyclopedia of Islam (2000), in its original meaning "denotes scholars of almost all disciplines".

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Umarkot Fort

Umarkot Fort (قِلعہ عُمَرکوٹ), is a fort located in Umerkot, Sindh, also called Amarkot(امَرکوٹ), Emperor Akbar was born in Umarkot Fort when his father Humayun fled from the military defeats at the hands of Sher Shah Suri on 15 October 1542.

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Umerkot

Umarkot (عُمَركوٹ, عمرڪوٽ), formerly known as Amarkot (امَرکوٹ), is a town in Umarkot District in the Sindh province of Pakistan.

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University of Hamburg

The University of Hamburg (Universität Hamburg, also referred to as UHH) is a comprehensive university in Hamburg, Germany.

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Urdu

Urdu (اُردُو ALA-LC:, or Modern Standard Urdu) is a Persianised standard register of the Hindustani language.

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Uttar Pradesh

Uttar Pradesh (IAST: Uttar Pradeś) is a state in northern India.

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Uzbeks

The Uzbeks (Oʻzbek/Ўзбек, pl. Oʻzbeklar/Ўзбеклар) are a Turkic ethnic group; the largest Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia.

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Vedic and Sanskrit literature

Vedic and Sanskrit literature comprises the spoken or sung literature of the Vedas from the early-to-mid 2nd to mid 1st millennium BCE, and continues with the oral tradition of the Sanskrit epics of Iron Age India; the golden age of Classical Sanskrit literature dates to Late Antiquity (roughly the 3rd to 8th centuries CE).

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Vikram Gokhale

Vikram Gokhale (occasionally credited as Vikram Gokhle) is a well-known Indian film, television and stage actor, notable for his roles in Marathi theatre and Hindi films and television.

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Vincent Arthur Smith

Vincent Arthur Smith,, (1848–1920) was a British Indologist and art historian.

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Vizier

A vizier (rarely; وزير wazīr; وازیر vazīr; vezir; Chinese: 宰相 zǎixiàng; উজির ujira; Hindustani (Hindi-Urdu): वज़ीर or وزیر vazeer; Punjabi: ਵਜ਼ੀਰ or وزير vazīra, sometimes spelt vazir, vizir, vasir, wazir, vesir or vezir) is a high-ranking political advisor or minister.

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War elephant

A war elephant is an elephant that is trained and guided by humans for combat.

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Warrior

A warrior is a person specializing in combat or warfare, especially within the context of a tribal or clan-based warrior culture society that recognizes a separate warrior class or caste.

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Yahya Saleh

Yahya Saleh was a Mughal Admiral and voyager from Surat.

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Yusufzai

The Yūsufzai, also called Yousafzai, is a tribe of Pashtun people found in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa of Pakistan, and in some eastern parts of Afghanistan.

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Zamindar

A zamindar in the Indian subcontinent was an aristocrat.

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Zee Magic (India)

Zee Magic (formerly Big Magic), An Indian multi-genre satellite and cable television channel headed by Zee Entertainment Enterprises LTD India.

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Zee TV

Zee TV (ज़ी टीवी) is an Indian cable and satellite television channel owned and operated by Zee Entertainment Enterprises, a media and entertainment company based in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

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Zoroastrianism

Zoroastrianism, or more natively Mazdayasna, is one of the world's oldest extant religions, which is monotheistic in having a single creator god, has dualistic cosmology in its concept of good and evil, and has an eschatology which predicts the ultimate destruction of evil.

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Redirects here:

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References

[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akbar

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