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71 relations: Aizsargi, Allied-occupied Germany, American Jewish Congress, Andrew Mollo, Anton Irv, Augsburg, Baltic states, Battle of Narva (1944), Bavaria, Beate Klarsfeld, Berel Lazar, Cambridge University Press, Close Combat Clasp, Colonel, Eastern Front (World War II), Eastern Front Medal, England, Estonia, Estonian Declaration of Independence, Estonian Defence League, Estonian Land Forces, Estonian language, Estonian Legion, Estonians, Forest Brothers, Fox, German Army (Wehrmacht), German Federal Archives, Germany, Governorate of Livonia, Infantry Assault Badge, Information warfare, Iron Cross, Jewish Telegraphic Agency, June deportation, KGB, Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross, Latvia, Lihula, Military funeral, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia), Narva, Nazi Germany, Obersturmbannführer, Operation Jungle, Ostvolk Medal, Pärnu County, President of Estonia, Russia, Russian Empire, ..., Russian Jewish Congress, Secret Intelligence Service, Standartenführer, Tallinn Offensive, Tartu Offensive, The Daily Telegraph, The Myth of the Eastern Front, Toomas Hendrik Ilves, Trivimi Velliste, United Nations, University of Tartu, Valga, Estonia, Virumaa, Waffen-SS, War Merit Cross, Wehrmacht, West Germany, World War II, 20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian), 28th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht), 658th Eastern Battalion. Expand index (21 more) »
Aizsargi
Aizsargi (literally: "Defenders", "Guards") was a paramilitary organization (Aizsargu organizācija, "Guards Organization"), or a militia, in Latvia during the interbellum period (1918–1939).
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Allied-occupied Germany
Upon the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, the victorious Allies asserted their joint authority and sovereignty over 'Germany as a whole', defined as all territories of the former German Reich which lay west of the Oder–Neisse line, having declared the extinction of Nazi Germany at the death of Adolf Hitler (see 1945 Berlin Declaration).
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American Jewish Congress
The American Jewish Congress is as an association of Jewish Americans organized to defend Jewish interests at home and abroad through public policy advocacy, using diplomacy, legislation, and the courts.
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Andrew Mollo
Andrew Mollo (born 15 May 1940 in Epsom, Surrey, England)Kevin Brownlow: How It Happened Here. UKA Press, London/Amsterdam/Shizuoka 2007,, p. 201.
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Anton Irv
Anton Irv VR I/2, VR II/2, VR II/3 (17 September 1886 – 27 April 1919) was a highly decorated Estonian combat soldier and military officer during World War I and in the Estonian War of Independence.
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Augsburg
Augsburg (Augschburg) is a city in Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.
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Baltic states
The Baltic states, also known as the Baltic countries, Baltic republics, Baltic nations or simply the Baltics (Balti riigid, Baltimaad, Baltijas valstis, Baltijos valstybės), is a geopolitical term used for grouping the three sovereign countries in Northern Europe on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
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Battle of Narva (1944)
The Battle of Narva was a military campaign between the German Army Detachment "Narwa" and the Soviet Leningrad Front fought for possession of the strategically important Narva Isthmus on 2 February – 10 August 1944 during World War II.
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Bavaria
Bavaria (Bavarian and Bayern), officially the Free State of Bavaria (Freistaat Bayern), is a landlocked federal state of Germany, occupying its southeastern corner.
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Beate Klarsfeld
Beate Auguste Klarsfeld (née Künzel; born 13 February 1939 in Berlin) is a Franco-German journalist.
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Berel Lazar
Rabbi Shlomo Dovber Pinchas Lazar (born May 19, 1964 in Milan, Italy), better known as Berel Lazar, is an Italian Jewish Orthodox, Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic rabbi.
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Cambridge University Press
Cambridge University Press (CUP) is the publishing business of the University of Cambridge.
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Close Combat Clasp
The Close Combat Clasp (Nahkampfspange) is a German military award instituted on 25 November 1942 for achievement in hand-to-hand fighting in close quarters.
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Colonel
Colonel ("kernel", abbreviated Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank below the brigadier and general officer ranks.
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Eastern Front (World War II)
The Eastern Front of World War II was a theatre of conflict between the European Axis powers and co-belligerent Finland against the Soviet Union, Poland and other Allies, which encompassed Central Europe, Eastern Europe, Northeast Europe (Baltics), and Southeast Europe (Balkans) from 22 June 1941 to 9 May 1945.
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Eastern Front Medal
The Eastern Front Medal was a World War II German military decoration awarded to both German and Axis personnel.
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England
England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom.
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Estonia
Estonia (Eesti), officially the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariik), is a sovereign state in Northern Europe.
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Estonian Declaration of Independence
The Estonian Declaration of Independence, also known as the Manifesto to the Peoples of Estonia (Manifest Eestimaa rahvastele), is the founding act of the Republic of Estonia from 1918.
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Estonian Defence League
The Estonian Defence League (Eesti Kaitseliit) is the name of the unified paramilitary armed forces of the Republic of Estonia.
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Estonian Land Forces
The Estonian Land Forces (Maavägi), unofficially referred to as the Estonian Army, is the name of the unified ground forces among the Estonian Defence Forces where it has an offensive military formation role.
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Estonian language
Estonian (eesti keel) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people: 922,000 people in Estonia and 160,000 outside Estonia.
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Estonian Legion
The Estonian Legion (Eesti Leegion, Estnische Legion) was a military unit within the Combat Support Forces of the Waffen SS Verfügungstruppe during World War II, mainly consisting of Estonian soldiers.
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Estonians
Estonians (eestlased) are a Finnic ethnic group native to Estonia who speak the Estonian language.
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Forest Brothers
The Forest Brothers (also Brothers of the Forest, Forest Brethren, or Forest Brotherhood; metsavennad, meža brāļi, miško broliai) were Estonian, Latvian, and Lithuanian partisans who waged a guerrilla war against Soviet rule during the Soviet invasion and occupation of the three Baltic states during, and after, World War II.
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Fox
Foxes are small-to-medium-sized, omnivorous mammals belonging to several genera of the family Canidae.
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German Army (Wehrmacht)
The German Army (Heer) was the land forces component of the Wehrmacht, the regular German Armed Forces, from 1935 until it was demobilized and later dissolved in August 1946.
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German Federal Archives
The German Federal Archives or Bundesarchiv (BArch) (Bundesarchiv) are the National Archives of Germany.
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Germany
Germany (Deutschland), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (Bundesrepublik Deutschland), is a sovereign state in central-western Europe.
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Governorate of Livonia
The Governorate of Livonia (Лифляндская губерния, Liflyandskaya guberniya; Gouvernement Livland, Livländisches Gouvernement; Vidzemes guberņa, after the Latvian inhabited Vidzeme region) was one of the Baltic governorates of the Russian Empire, now divided between the Republic of Latvia and the Republic of Estonia.
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Infantry Assault Badge
The Infantry Assault Badge was a German war badge awarded to Waffen-SS and Wehrmacht Heer soldiers during the Second World War.
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Information warfare
Information warfare (IW) is a concept involving the battlespace use and management of information and communication technology (ICT) in pursuit of a competitive advantage over an opponent.
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Iron Cross
The Iron Cross (abbreviated EK) is a former military decoration in the Kingdom of Prussia, and later in the German Empire (1871–1918) and Nazi Germany (1933–1945).
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Jewish Telegraphic Agency
The Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA) is an international news agency and wire service serving Jewish community newspapers and media around the world, with about 70 syndication clients listed on its web site.
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June deportation
The June deportation (Juuniküüditamine, Jūnija deportācijas, Birželio trėmimai) was a mass deportation by the Soviet Union of tens of thousands of people from the territories occupied in 1940–1941: Baltic states, occupied Poland (mostly present-day western Belarus and western Ukraine), and Moldavia.
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KGB
The KGB, an initialism for Komitet gosudarstvennoy bezopasnosti (p), translated in English as Committee for State Security, was the main security agency for the Soviet Union from 1954 until its break-up in 1991.
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Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
The Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes), or simply the Knight's Cross (Ritterkreuz), and its variants were the highest awards in the military and paramilitary forces of Nazi Germany during World War II.
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Latvia
Latvia (or; Latvija), officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika), is a sovereign state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.
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Lihula
Lihula is a town in Lääneranna Parish, Pärnu County, Estonia.
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Military funeral
A military funeral is a memorial or burial rite given by a country's military for a soldier, sailor, marine or airman who died in battle, a veteran, or other prominent military figures or heads of state.
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Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Russia)
The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation (MFA Russia; Министерство иностранных дел Российской Федерации, МИД РФ) is the central government institution charged with leading the foreign policy and foreign relations of Russia.
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Narva
Narva (Нарва) is the third largest city in Estonia.
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Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany is the common English name for the period in German history from 1933 to 1945, when Germany was under the dictatorship of Adolf Hitler through the Nazi Party (NSDAP).
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Obersturmbannführer
Obersturmbannführer ("senior assault unit leader") was a paramilitary German Nazi Party (NSDAP) rank used by both the SA and the SS.
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Operation Jungle
Operation Jungle was a program by the British Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) early in the Cold War (1948–1955) for the clandestine insertion of intelligence and resistance agents into Poland and the Baltic states.
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Ostvolk Medal
The Ostvolk Medal (Ostvolkmedaille) or Medal for Gallantry and Merit for Members of the Eastern Peoples (Tapferkeits und Verdienst Auszeichnung für Ostvölker) was a military and paramilitary award in Nazi Germany, bestowed to personnel from the former Soviet Union (Ostvolk in German, literally "the Eastern people").
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Pärnu County
Pärnu County (Pärnu maakond), or Pärnumaa (Kreis Pernau), is one of 15 counties of Estonia.
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President of Estonia
The President of the Republic of Estonia (Eesti Vabariigi President) is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Russian Empire
The Russian Empire (Российская Империя) or Russia was an empire that existed across Eurasia and North America from 1721, following the end of the Great Northern War, until the Republic was proclaimed by the Provisional Government that took power after the February Revolution of 1917.
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Russian Jewish Congress
The Russian Jewish Congress is a non-profit charitable fund and a Russian Jewish organization.
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Secret Intelligence Service
The Secret Intelligence Service (SIS), commonly known as MI6, is the foreign intelligence service of the government of the United Kingdom, tasked mainly with the covert overseas collection and analysis of human intelligence (HUMINT) in support of the UK's national security.
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Standartenführer
Standartenführer ("standard leader") was a Nazi Party (NSDAP) paramilitary rank that was used in several NSDAP organizations, such as the SA, SS, NSKK and the NSFK.
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Tallinn Offensive
The Tallinn Offensive (Таллинская наступательная операция) was a strategic offensive by the Red Army's 2nd Shock and 8th Armies and the Baltic Fleet against the German Army Detachment ''Narwa'' and Estonian units in mainland Estonia on the Eastern Front of World War II on 17–26 September 1944.
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Tartu Offensive
The Tartu Offensive Operation (Тартуская наступательная операция), also known as the Battle of Tartu (Tartu lahing) and the Battle of Emajõgi (Emajõe lahingud, Schlacht am Embach) was a campaign fought over southeastern Estonia in 1944.
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The Daily Telegraph
The Daily Telegraph, commonly referred to simply as The Telegraph, is a national British daily broadsheet newspaper published in London by Telegraph Media Group and distributed across the United Kingdom and internationally.
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The Myth of the Eastern Front
The Myth of the Eastern Front: The Nazi-Soviet War in American Popular Culture is a 2008 book by the American historians Ronald Smelser and Edward J. Davies of the University of Utah.
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Toomas Hendrik Ilves
Toomas Hendrik Ilves (born 26 December 1953) is an Estonian politician who served as the fourth President of Estonia from 2006 until 2016.
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Trivimi Velliste
Trivimi Velliste (born 4 May 1947, in Tartu, Estonia) is an Estonian politician who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1992 to 1994 and as the Estonian Ambassador to the United Nations from 1994 to 1998.
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United Nations
The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization tasked to promote international cooperation and to create and maintain international order.
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University of Tartu
The University of Tartu (UT; Tartu Ülikool, Universitas Tartuensis) is a classical university in the city of Tartu, Estonia.
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Valga, Estonia
Valga (Walk) is a town in southern Estonia and the capital of Valga County.
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Virumaa
Virumaa (Vironia; Low German: Wierland; Old Norse: Virland) is a former independent county in Ancient Estonia.
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Waffen-SS
The Waffen-SS (Armed SS) was the armed wing of the Nazi Party's SS organisation.
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War Merit Cross
The War Merit Cross (Kriegsverdienstkreuz) was a decoration of Nazi Germany during the Second World War, which could be awarded to military personnel and civilians alike.
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Wehrmacht
The Wehrmacht (lit. "defence force")From wehren, "to defend" and Macht., "power, force".
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West Germany
West Germany is the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; Bundesrepublik Deutschland, BRD) in the period between its creation on 23 May 1949 and German reunification on 3 October 1990.
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World War II
World War II (often abbreviated to WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although conflicts reflecting the ideological clash between what would become the Allied and Axis blocs began earlier.
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20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian)
20th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Estonian) (20., 20.) was a unit of the Waffen SS established on 25 May 1944 in German-occupied Estonia during World War II.
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28th Jäger Division (Wehrmacht)
The 28th Jäger Division was a German military unit during World War II.
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658th Eastern Battalion
The 658th Eastern Battalion (Ost Bataillon 658) was an Estonian collaborationist unit of the German Wehrmacht during World War II.
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References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfons_Rebane
