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274 relations: A Coruña, Abalone, Acetabularia, Action potential, Aerobiology, Agar, Agricultural Research Service, Alaria esculenta, Algaculture, Algae scrubber, AlgaeBase, AlgaePARC, Algal bloom, Alginic acid, Alpha-Linolenic acid, Alternation of generations, Alveolate, Amoeba, Ancient Greek, Antarctica, Apicomplexa, Apicoplast, Aquaculture, Aquatic plant, Arachidonic acid, Archaeplastida, Ascomycota, Asexual reproduction, Asphyxia, Autotroph, Axodine, Bacteria, Basidiomycota, Beggiatoa, Benthic zone, Beta-Carotene, Biocompatibility, Biodegradation, Biological life cycle, Biotechnology, Bolidophyceae, Botanical nomenclature, British Columbia, British Isles, Brown algae, Bryophyte, Calcareous, Calcium, Carbon dioxide, Carl Linnaeus, ..., Carotenoid, Cell nucleus, Cephaleuros, Cercozoa, Chara (alga), Charales, Charophyta, Chile, Chlorarachniophyte, Chlorella, Chlorochytrium, Chlorokybus, Chlorophyll, Chlorophyta, Chloroplast, Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg, Chromista, Classical Chinese, Colony (biology), Conceptacle, Convergent evolution, Copepod, Coral, Coral bleaching, Coral reef, Corallina, Coralline algae, Cryptomonad, Cyanobacteria, Cytoplasmic streaming, Diatom, Dinoflagellate, DNA, Docosahexaenoic acid, Dunaliella, Durvillaea antarctica, Dye, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Embryophyte, Endophyte, Endosymbiont, Epibiont, Epiphyte, Equisetum, Etymology, Euglenid, Euglenozoa, Eukaryote, Euryhaline, Eustigmatophyte, Eutrophication, Excavata, Exoskeleton, Fat choy, Fertilizer, Flagellate, Florideae, Food chain, Fresh water, Fungus, Gamete, Gelatin, George Owen of Henllys, Gim (food), Glaucophyte, Global Ocean Data Analysis Project, Golden algae, Green algae, Green laver, Green sulfur bacteria, Greenland, Halichondria panicea, Halophyte, Halotolerance, Haptophyte, Helicosporidium, Hermatypic coral, Heterokont, Heterotroph, High-performance liquid chromatography, Hildenbrandiales, Ice algae, Iceland, Incertae sedis, Indicator organism, Infusoria, International Association for Lichenology, Iodine, Iron fertilization, Jean Vincent Félix Lamouroux, Kelp, Korea, Kunming Lake, Lake ecosystem, Laver (seaweed), Leaf, Lichen, Linseed oil, List of seaweeds of South Africa, Lithophyte, Lobosphaera incisa, Macrocystis, Macrocystis pyrifera, Madrepore, Maerl, Magnesium, Marimo, Marine biology, Marine invertebrates, Māori people, Mesostigmatophyceae, Metabolism, Microalgae, Microbiofuel, Mixotroph, Molecular gastronomy, Morphology (biology), Mucilage, Multicellular organism, Myzocytosis, National Museum of Natural History, Navicula, New Mexico, New Zealand, Niacin, Nomenclature codes, Non-vascular plant, Nori, NPR, Nucleomorph, Omega-3 fatty acid, Oodinium, Organ (anatomy), Organism, Osmoregulation, Osmotrophy, Otto Friedrich Müller, Oxygen, Paleobiology (journal), Palmaria palmata, Parasitism, Pergamon Press, Phagocytosis, Phloem, Photobioreactor, Photosynthesis, Phototroph, Phycobilin, Phycology, Phyllosiphon, Phylogenetic tree, Phylum, Phytogeography, Phytoplankton, Pigment, Plankton, Plant, Plant hormone, Plastid, Ploidy, Polyphyly, Potassium, Prokaryote, Protist, Prototheca, Protozoa, Psammon, Psychrophile, Pterocladiophila, Purple sulfur bacteria, Raphidophyte, Raunkiær plant life-form, Red algae, Relict, Rhizaria, Rhizoid, Rhodochytrium, Riboflavin, River ecosystem, Root, Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin, Scholar-official, Scleractinia, Scotland, Sea lettuce, Seaweed, Secretion, Sexual reproduction, Soil conditioner, South Wales, Species Plantarum, Spirogyra, Spirulina (dietary supplement), Spore, Stoma, Summer Palace, Symbiodinium, Symbiogenesis, Symbiosis, Synurid, Taxon, Terrestrial plant, Thallus, Thermophile, Thiamine, Toxoid, Trentepohlia (alga), Triparma, Unicellular organism, Unsaturated fat, Vascular plant, Veganism, Vigo, Vindhya Range, Viridiplantae, Vitamin B6, Vitamin C, Volvox, Wales, William Henry Harvey, Xylem, Yellow-green algae, Zygote, 10th edition of Systema Naturae. Expand index (224 more) »
A Coruña
A Coruña (is a city and municipality of Galicia, Spain. It is the second most populated city in the autonomous community and seventeenth overall in the country. The city is the provincial capital of the province of the same name, having also served as political capital of the Kingdom of Galicia from the 16th to the 19th centuries, and as a regional administrative centre between 1833 and 1982, before being replaced by Santiago de Compostela. A Coruña is a busy port located on a promontory in the Golfo Ártabro, a large gulf on the Atlantic Ocean. It provides a distribution point for agricultural goods from the region.
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Abalone
Abalone (or; via Spanish abulón, from Rumsen aulón) is a common name for any of a group of small to very large sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Haliotidae.
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Acetabularia
Acetabularia is a genus of green algae in the family Polyphysaceae, Typically found in subtropical waters, Acetabularia is a single-celled organism, but gigantic in size and complex in form, making it an excellent model organism for studying cell biology.
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Action potential
In physiology, an action potential occurs when the membrane potential of a specific axon location rapidly rises and falls: this depolarisation then causes adjacent locations to similarly depolarise.
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Aerobiology
Aerobiology (from Greek ἀήρ, aēr, "air"; βίος, bios, "life"; and -λογία, -logia) is a branch of biology that studies organic particles, such as bacteria, fungal spores, very small insects, pollen grains and viruses, which are passively transported by the air.
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Agar
Agar (pronounced, sometimes) or agar-agar is a jelly-like substance, obtained from algae.
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Agricultural Research Service
The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
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Alaria esculenta
Alaria esculenta is an edible seaweed, also known as dabberlocks or badderlocks, or winged kelp.
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Algaculture
Algaculture is a form of aquaculture involving the farming of species of algae.
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Algae scrubber
An algae scrubber is a water filtering device (not to be confused with a scrubber pad used to clean glass) which uses light to grow algae; in this process, undesirable chemicals are removed from the water.
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AlgaeBase
AlgaeBase is a Global Species Database of information on all groups of algae, as well as one group of flowering plants, the sea-grasses.
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AlgaePARC
Wageningen UR (University & Research centre) has constructed AlgaePARC (Algae Production And Research Centre) at the Wageningen Campus.
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Algal bloom
An algal bloom is a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in freshwater or marine water systems, and is recognized by the discoloration in the water from their pigments.
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Alginic acid
Alginic acid, also called algin or alginate, is a polysaccharide distributed widely in the cell walls of brown algae, where through binding with water it forms a viscous gum.
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Alpha-Linolenic acid
α-Linolenic acid (ALA) is an n−3 fatty acid.
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Alternation of generations
Alternation of generations (also known as metagenesis) is the type of life cycle that occurs in those plants and algae in the Archaeplastida and the Heterokontophyta that have distinct sexual haploid and asexual diploid stages.
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Alveolate
The alveolates (meaning "with cavities") are a group of protists, considered a major clade and superphylum within Eukarya, and are also called Alveolata.
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Amoeba
An amoeba (rarely spelled amœba, US English spelled ameba; plural am(o)ebas or am(o)ebae), often called amoeboid, is a type of cell or organism which has the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods.
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Ancient Greek
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BC to the 6th century AD.
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Antarctica
Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent.
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Apicomplexa
The Apicomplexa (also called Apicomplexia) are a large phylum of parasitic alveolates.
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Apicoplast
An apicoplast is a derived non-photosynthetic plastid found in most Apicomplexa, including Toxoplasma gondii, malaria parasites such as Plasmodium falciparum, but not in others such as Cryptosporidium.
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Aquaculture
Aquaculture (less commonly spelled aquiculture), also known as aquafarming, is the farming of fish, crustaceans, molluscs, aquatic plants, algae, and other organisms.
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Aquatic plant
Aquatic plants are plants that have adapted to living in aquatic environments (saltwater or freshwater).
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Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid (AA, sometimes ARA) is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid 20:4(ω-6).
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Archaeplastida
The Archaeplastida (or kingdom Plantae sensu lato) are a major group of eukaryotes, comprising the red algae (Rhodophyta), the green algae, and the land plants, together with a small group of freshwater unicellular algae called glaucophytes.
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Ascomycota
Ascomycota is a division or phylum of the kingdom Fungi that, together with the Basidiomycota, form the subkingdom Dikarya.
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Asexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from a single organism, and inherit the genes of that parent only; it does not involve the fusion of gametes, and almost never changes the number of chromosomes.
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Asphyxia
Asphyxia or asphyxiation is a condition of severely deficient supply of oxygen to the body that arises from abnormal breathing.
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Autotroph
An autotroph ("self-feeding", from the Greek autos "self" and trophe "nourishing") or producer, is an organism that produces complex organic compounds (such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins) from simple substances present in its surroundings, generally using energy from light (photosynthesis) or inorganic chemical reactions (chemosynthesis).
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Axodine
The axodines (Actinochrysophyceae, Actinochrysea or Dictyochophyceae sensu lato) are a group of unicellular heterokont algae, previously classified in the Chrysophyceae.
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Bacteria
Bacteria (common noun bacteria, singular bacterium) is a type of biological cell.
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Basidiomycota
Basidiomycota is one of two large divisions that, together with the Ascomycota, constitute the subkingdom Dikarya (often referred to as the "higher fungi") within the kingdom Fungi.
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Beggiatoa
Beggiatoa is a genus of bacteria in the order Thiotrichales.
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Benthic zone
The benthic zone is the ecological region at the lowest level of a body of water such as an ocean or a lake, including the sediment surface and some sub-surface layers.
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Beta-Carotene
β-Carotene is an organic, strongly colored red-orange pigment abundant in plants and fruits.
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Biocompatibility
Biocompatibility is related to the behavior of biomaterials in various contexts.
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Biodegradation
Biodegradation is the disintegration of materials by bacteria, fungi, or other biological means.
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Biological life cycle
In biology, a biological life cycle (or just life cycle when the biological context is clear) is a series of changes in form that an organism undergoes, returning to the starting state.
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Biotechnology
Biotechnology is the broad area of science involving living systems and organisms to develop or make products, or "any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for specific use" (UN Convention on Biological Diversity, Art. 2).
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Bolidophyceae
Bolidophyceae is a class of photosynthetic heterokont picophytoplankton.
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Botanical nomenclature
Botanical nomenclature is the formal, scientific naming of plants.
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British Columbia
British Columbia (BC; Colombie-Britannique) is the westernmost province of Canada, located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains.
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British Isles
The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland, the Isle of Man and over six thousand smaller isles.
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Brown algae
The brown algae (singular: alga), comprising the class Phaeophyceae, are a large group of multicellular algae, including many seaweeds located in colder waters within the Northern Hemisphere.
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Bryophyte
Bryophytes are an informal group consisting of three divisions of non-vascular land plants (embryophytes): the liverworts, hornworts and mosses.
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Calcareous
Calcareous is an adjective meaning "mostly or partly composed of calcium carbonate", in other words, containing lime or being chalky.
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Calcium
Calcium is a chemical element with symbol Ca and atomic number 20.
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Carbon dioxide
Carbon dioxide (chemical formula) is a colorless gas with a density about 60% higher than that of dry air.
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Carl Linnaeus
Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von LinnéBlunt (2004), p. 171.
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Carotenoid
Carotenoids, also called tetraterpenoids, are organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria and fungi.
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Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus (pl. nuclei; from Latin nucleus or nuculeus, meaning kernel or seed) is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells.
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Cephaleuros
Cephaleuros is a genus of parasitic thalloid green algae comprising approximately 14 species.
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Cercozoa
The Cercozoa are a group of single-celled eukaryotes.
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Chara (alga)
Chara is a genus of charophyte green algae in the family Characeae.
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Charales
Charales is an order of freshwater green algae in the division Charophyta, class Charophyceae, commonly known as stoneworts.
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Charophyta
Charophyta is a division of freshwater green algae.
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Chile
Chile, officially the Republic of Chile, is a South American country occupying a long, narrow strip of land between the Andes to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west.
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Chlorarachniophyte
The chlorarachniophytes are a small group of algae occasionally found in tropical oceans.
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Chlorella
Chlorella is a genus of single-celled green algae belonging to the division Chlorophyta.
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Chlorochytrium
Chlorochytrium is a genus of green algae, in the family Chlorochytriaceae.
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Chlorokybus
Chlorokybus is a genus of basal Green algae or Streptophyte containing the sole species Chlorokybus atmophyticus, a soil alga found in alpine areas.
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Chlorophyll
Chlorophyll (also chlorophyl) is any of several related green pigments found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
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Chlorophyta
Chlorophyta is a division of green algae, informally called chlorophytes.
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Chloroplast
Chloroplasts are organelles, specialized compartments, in plant and algal cells.
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Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg
Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (19 April 1795 – 27 June 1876), German naturalist, zoologist, comparative anatomist, geologist, and microscopist, was one of the most famous and productive scientists of his time.
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Chromista
The Chromista is an eukaryotic kingdom, probably polyphyletic.
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Classical Chinese
Classical Chinese, also known as Literary Chinese, is the language of the classic literature from the end of the Spring and Autumn period through to the end of the Han Dynasty, a written form of Old Chinese.
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Colony (biology)
In biology, a colony is composed of two or more conspecific individuals living in close association with, or connected to, one another.
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Conceptacle
Conceptacles are specialised cavities of marine and freshwater algae that contain the reproductive organs.
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Convergent evolution
Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages.
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Copepod
Copepods (meaning "oar-feet") are a group of small crustaceans found in the sea and nearly every freshwater habitat.
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Coral
Corals are marine invertebrates in the class Anthozoa of phylum Cnidaria.
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Coral bleaching
Coral bleaching occurs when coral polyps expel algae that live inside their tissues.
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Coral reef
Coral reefs are diverse underwater ecosystems held together by calcium carbonate structures secreted by corals.
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Corallina
Corallina is a genus of red seaweeds with hard, abrasive calcareous skeletons in the family Corallinaceae.
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Coralline algae
Coralline algae are red algae in the order Corallinales.
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Cryptomonad
The cryptomonads (or cryptophytes) are a group of algae, most of which have plastids.
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Cyanobacteria
Cyanobacteria, also known as Cyanophyta, are a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis, and are the only photosynthetic prokaryotes able to produce oxygen.
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Cytoplasmic streaming
Cytoplasmic streaming, also called protoplasmic streaming and cyclosis, is the directed flow of cytosol (the liquid component of the cytoplasm) and organelles around fungal and plant cells.
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Diatom
Diatoms (diá-tom-os "cut in half", from diá, "through" or "apart"; and the root of tém-n-ō, "I cut".) are a major group of microorganisms found in the oceans, waterways and soils of the world.
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Dinoflagellate
The dinoflagellates (Greek δῖνος dinos "whirling" and Latin flagellum "whip, scourge") are a large group of flagellate eukaryotes that constitute the phylum Dinoflagellata.
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DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a thread-like chain of nucleotides carrying the genetic instructions used in the growth, development, functioning and reproduction of all known living organisms and many viruses.
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Docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that is a primary structural component of the human brain, cerebral cortex, skin, and retina.
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Dunaliella
Dunaliella is a genus of the algae family Dunaliellaceae.
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Durvillaea antarctica
Durvillaea antarctica, commonly known as cochayuyo, is a large, robust bull kelp species and the dominant seaweed in southern New Zealand and Chile.
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Dye
A dye is a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied.
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Eicosapentaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; also icosapentaenoic acid) is an omega-3 fatty acid.
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Embryophyte
The Embryophyta are the most familiar group of green plants that form vegetation on earth.
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Endophyte
An endophyte is an endosymbiont, often a bacterium or fungus, that lives within a plant for at least part of its life cycle without causing apparent disease.
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Endosymbiont
An endosymbiont or endobiont is any organism that lives within the body or cells of another organism in a symbiotic relationship with the host body or cell, often but not always to mutual benefit.
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Epibiont
An epibiont (from the Ancient Greek meaning living on top of) is an organism that lives on the surface of another living organism.
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Epiphyte
An epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it.
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Equisetum
Equisetum (horsetail, snake grass, puzzlegrass) is the only living genus in Equisetaceae, a family of vascular plants that reproduce by spores rather than seeds.
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Etymology
EtymologyThe New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998) – p. 633 "Etymology /ˌɛtɪˈmɒlədʒi/ the study of the class in words and the way their meanings have changed throughout time".
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Euglenid
Euglenids (euglenoids, or euglenophytes, formally Euglenida/Euglenoida, ICZN, or Euglenophyceae, ICBN) are one of the best-known groups of flagellates, which are excavate eukaryotes of the phylum Euglenophyta and their cell structure is typical of that group.
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Euglenozoa
The euglenozoa are a large group of flagellate excavates.
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Eukaryote
Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells have a nucleus enclosed within membranes, unlike Prokaryotes (Bacteria and other Archaea).
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Euryhaline
Euryhaline organisms are able to adapt to a wide range of salinities.
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Eustigmatophyte
Eustigmatophytes are a small group (12 genera; ~41 species) of eukaryotic algae that includes marine, freshwater and soil-living species.
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Eutrophication
Eutrophication (from Greek eutrophos, "well-nourished"), or hypertrophication, is when a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients that induce excessive growth of plants and algae.
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Excavata
Excavata is a major supergroup of unicellular organisms belonging to the domain Eukaryota.
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Exoskeleton
An exoskeleton (from Greek έξω, éxō "outer" and σκελετός, skeletós "skeleton") is the external skeleton that supports and protects an animal's body, in contrast to the internal skeleton (endoskeleton) of, for example, a human.
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Fat choy
Fat choy (Nostoc flagelliforme) is a terrestrial cyanobacterium (a type of photosynthetic bacteria) that is used as a vegetable in Chinese cuisine.
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Fertilizer
A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soils or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants.
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Flagellate
A flagellate is a cell or organism with one or more whip-like appendages called flagella.
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Florideae
Florideophyceae, demoted to subclass Florideae in some classification systems, is a class of red algae.
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Food chain
A food chain is a linear network of links in a food web starting from producer organisms (such as grass or trees which use radiation from the Sun to make their food) and ending at apex predator species (like grizzly bears or killer whales), detritivores (like earthworms or woodlice), or decomposer species (such as fungi or bacteria).
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Fresh water
Fresh water (or freshwater) is any naturally occurring water except seawater and brackish water.
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Fungus
A fungus (plural: fungi or funguses) is any member of the group of eukaryotic organisms that includes microorganisms such as yeasts and molds, as well as the more familiar mushrooms.
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Gamete
A gamete (from Ancient Greek γαμετή gamete from gamein "to marry") is a haploid cell that fuses with another haploid cell during fertilization (conception) in organisms that sexually reproduce.
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Gelatin
Gelatin or gelatine (from gelatus meaning "stiff", "frozen") is a translucent, colorless, brittle (when dry), flavorless food derived from collagen obtained from various animal body parts.
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George Owen of Henllys
George Owen of Henllys (1552 – 26 August 1613) was a Welsh antiquarian, author, and naturalist.
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Gim (food)
Gim, also romanized as kim, is the Korean name for edible seaweed species in the genera Pyropia and Porphyra, including P. tenera, P. yezoensis, P. suborbiculata, P. pseudolinearis, P. dentata, and P. seriata.
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Glaucophyte
The glaucophytes, also known as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a small group of rare freshwater microscopic algae.
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Global Ocean Data Analysis Project
The Global Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a synthesis project bringing together oceanographic data featuring two major releases as of 2018.
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Golden algae
The Chrysophyceae, usually called chrysophytes, chrysomonads, golden-brown algae or golden algae are a large group of algae, found mostly in freshwater.
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Green algae
The green algae (singular: green alga) are a large, informal grouping of algae consisting of the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/Streptophyta, which are now placed in separate divisions, as well as the more basal Mesostigmatophyceae, Chlorokybophyceae and Spirotaenia.
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Green laver
Green laver, known as aonori (アオノリ; 青海苔) in Japan and parae (파래) in Korean, is a type of edible green seaweed, including species from the genera Monostroma and Enteromorpha.
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Green sulfur bacteria
The green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae) are a family of obligately anaerobic photoautotrophic bacteria.
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Greenland
Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat,; Grønland) is an autonomous constituent country within the Kingdom of Denmark between the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
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Halichondria panicea
Halichondria panicea, commonly known as the breadcrumb sponge, is a species of marine demosponge belonging to the family Halichondriidae.
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Halophyte
A halophyte is a plant that grows in waters of high salinity, coming into contact with saline water through its roots or by salt spray, such as in saline semi-deserts, mangrove swamps, marshes and sloughs and seashores.
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Halotolerance
Halotolerance is the adaptation of living organisms to conditions of high salinity.
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Haptophyte
The haptophytes, classified either as the Haptophyta, Haptophytina or Prymnesiophyta (named for Prymnesium), are a Division (botany) of algae.
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Helicosporidium
Helicosporidium is a genus of green algae in the class Trebouxiophyceae.
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Hermatypic coral
Hermatypic corals are those corals in the order Scleractinia which build reefs by depositing hard calcareous material for their skeletons, forming the stony framework of the reef.
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Heterokont
The heterokonts or stramenopiles (formally, Heterokonta or Stramenopiles) are a major line of eukaryotes currently containing more than 25,000 known species.
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Heterotroph
A heterotroph (Ancient Greek ἕτερος héteros.
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High-performance liquid chromatography
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC; formerly referred to as high-pressure liquid chromatography), is a technique in analytical chemistry used to separate, identify, and quantify each component in a mixture.
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Hildenbrandiales
Hildenbrandiales is an order of crustose forms red alga which bear conceptacles and produce secondary pit-connections.
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Ice algae
Ice algae are any of the various types of algal communities found in annual and multi-year sea or terrestrial ice.
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Iceland
Iceland is a Nordic island country in the North Atlantic, with a population of and an area of, making it the most sparsely populated country in Europe.
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Incertae sedis
Incertae sedis (Latin for "of uncertain placement") is a term used for a taxonomic group where its broader relationships are unknown or undefined.
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Indicator organism
Indicator organisms are used as a proxy to monitor conditions in a particular environment, ecosystem, area, habitat, or consumer product.
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Infusoria
Infusoria is a collective term for minute aquatic creatures such as ciliates, euglenoids, protozoa, unicellular algae and small invertebrates that exist in freshwater ponds.
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International Association for Lichenology
The International Association for Lichenology (IAL) is an organisation that encourages the understanding of lichens and lichenology, and promotes their study and conservation worldwide.
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Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with symbol I and atomic number 53.
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Iron fertilization
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron fines to iron-poor areas of the ocean surface to stimulate phytoplankton production.
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Jean Vincent Félix Lamouroux
Jean Vincent Félix Lamouroux (3 May 1779 – 26 March 1825) was a French biologist and naturalist, noted for his seminal work with algae.
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Kelp
Kelps are large brown algae seaweeds that make up the order Laminariales.
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Korea
Korea is a region in East Asia; since 1945 it has been divided into two distinctive sovereign states: North Korea and South Korea.
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Kunming Lake
Kunming Lake (Chinese: 昆明湖, p Kūnmíng Hú) is the central lake on the grounds of the Summer Palace in Beijing, China.
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Lake ecosystem
A lake ecosystem includes biotic (living) plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions.
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Laver (seaweed)
Laver is an edible, littoral alga (seaweed).
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Leaf
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem.
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Lichen
A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi in a symbiotic relationship.
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Linseed oil
Linseed oil, also known as flaxseed oil or flax oil, is a colourless to yellowish oil obtained from the dried, ripened seeds of the flax plant (Linum usitatissimum).
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List of seaweeds of South Africa
This is a list of seaweeds recorded from the oceans bordering South Africa.
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Lithophyte
Lithophytes are plants that grow in or on rocks.
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Lobosphaera incisa
Lobosphaera incisa, formerly Parietochloris incisa, is a fresh-water green algae.
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Macrocystis
Macrocystis is a monospecific genus of kelp (large brown algae).
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Macrocystis pyrifera
Macrocystis pyrifera, commonly known as giant kelp or giant bladder kelp, is a species of kelp (large brown algae), and one of four species in the genus Macrocystis.
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Madrepore
Madrepore ("mother of pores") is a genus of stony corals, often found forming reefs or islands in tropical locations.
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Maerl
Maerl (also known as rhodolith) is a collective name for non-geniculate coralline red algae with a certain growth habit.
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Magnesium
Magnesium is a chemical element with symbol Mg and atomic number 12.
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Marimo
Aegagropila linnaei, known as in Japanese and as Cladophora ball, lake ball, mossimo or moss ball in English, is a species of filamentous green algae (Chlorophyta) found mostly in a number of lakes in the northern hemisphere.
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Marine biology
Marine biology is the scientific study of marine life, organisms in the sea.
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Marine invertebrates
Marine invertebrates are the invertebrates that live in marine habitats.
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Māori people
The Māori are the indigenous Polynesian people of New Zealand.
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Mesostigmatophyceae
The Mesostigmatophyceae are basal green algae, and it contains two species.
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Metabolism
Metabolism (from μεταβολή metabolē, "change") is the set of life-sustaining chemical transformations within the cells of organisms.
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Microalgae
Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic algae, typically found in freshwater and marine systems, living in both the water column and sediment.
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Microbiofuel
Microbiofuels are next generation biofuels produced by microorganisms like bacteria, cyanobacteria, microalgae, fungi, etc.
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Mixotroph
A mixotroph is an organism that can use a mix of different sources of energy and carbon, instead of having a single trophic mode on the continuum from complete autotrophy at one end to heterotrophy at the other.
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Molecular gastronomy
Molecular gastronomy is a subdiscipline of food science that seeks to investigate the physical and chemical transformations of ingredients that occur in cooking.
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Morphology (biology)
Morphology is a branch of biology dealing with the study of the form and structure of organisms and their specific structural features.
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Mucilage
Mucilage is a thick, gluey substance produced by nearly all plants and some microorganisms.
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Multicellular organism
Multicellular organisms are organisms that consist of more than one cell, in contrast to unicellular organisms.
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Myzocytosis
Myzocytosis (from Greek: myzein, (μυζεῖν) meaning "to suck" and kytos (κύτος) meaning "container", hence referring to "cell") is a method of feeding found in some heterotrophic organisms.
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National Museum of Natural History
The National Museum of Natural History is a natural-history museum administered by the Smithsonian Institution, located on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., United States.
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Navicula
Navicula is a genus of boat-shaped diatom algae, comprising over 1,200 species.
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New Mexico
New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.
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New Zealand
New Zealand (Aotearoa) is a sovereign island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean.
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Niacin
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a form of vitamin B3, an essential human nutrient.
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Nomenclature codes
Nomenclature codes or codes of nomenclature are the various rulebooks that govern biological taxonomic nomenclature, each in their own broad field of organisms.
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Non-vascular plant
Non-vascular plants are plants without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem.
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Nori
is the Japanese name for edible seaweed (a "sea vegetable") species of the red algae genus Pyropia, including P. yezoensis and P. tenera.
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NPR
National Public Radio (usually shortened to NPR, stylized as npr) is an American privately and publicly funded non-profit membership media organization based in Washington, D.C. It serves as a national syndicator to a network of over 1,000 public radio stations in the United States.
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Nucleomorph
Nucleomorphs are small, vestigial eukaryotic nuclei found between the inner and outer pairs of membranes in certain plastids.
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Omega-3 fatty acid
Omega−3 fatty acids, also called ω−3 fatty acids or n−3 fatty acids, are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs).
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Oodinium
Oodinium is a genus of parasitic dinoflagellates.
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Organ (anatomy)
Organs are collections of tissues with similar functions.
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Organism
In biology, an organism (from Greek: ὀργανισμός, organismos) is any individual entity that exhibits the properties of life.
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Osmoregulation
Osmoregulation is the active regulation of the osmotic pressure of an organism's body fluids, detected by osmoreceptors, to maintain the homeostasis of the organism's water content; that is, it maintains the fluid balance and the concentration of electrolytes (salts in solution) to keep the fluids from becoming too diluted or concentrated.
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Osmotrophy
Osmotrophy is the uptake of dissolved organic compounds by osmosis for nutrition.
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Otto Friedrich Müller
Otto Friedrich Müller, also Mueller (2 November 1730 – 26 December 1784) was a Danish naturalist.
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Oxygen
Oxygen is a chemical element with symbol O and atomic number 8.
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Paleobiology (journal)
Paleobiology is a scientific journal promoting the integration of biology and conventional paleontology, with emphasis placed on biological or paleobiological processes and patterns.
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Palmaria palmata
Palmaria palmata, also called dulse, dillisk or dilsk (from Irish/Scottish Gaelic duileasc/duileasg), red dulse, sea lettuce flakes, or creathnach, is a red alga (Rhodophyta) previously referred to as Rhodymenia palmata.
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Parasitism
In evolutionary biology, parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life.
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Pergamon Press
Pergamon Press was an Oxford-based publishing house, founded by Paul Rosbaud and Robert Maxwell, which published scientific and medical books and journals.
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Phagocytosis
In cell biology, phagocytosis is the process by which a cell—often a phagocyte or a protist—engulfs a solid particle to form an internal compartment known as a phagosome.
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Phloem
In vascular plants, phloem is the living tissue that transports the soluble organic compounds made during photosynthesis and known as photosynthates, in particular the sugar sucrose, to parts of the plant where needed.
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Photobioreactor
A photobioreactor is a bioreactor that utilizes a light source to cultivate phototrophic microorganisms.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy into chemical energy that can later be released to fuel the organisms' activities (energy transformation).
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Phototroph
Phototrophs (Gr: φῶς, φωτός.
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Phycobilin
Phycobilins (from Greek: φύκος (phykos) meaning "alga", and from Latin: bilis meaning "bile") are light-capturing bilins found in cyanobacteria and in the chloroplasts of red algae, glaucophytes and some cryptomonads (though not in green algae and plants).
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Phycology
Phycology (from Greek φῦκος, phykos, "seaweed"; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of algae.
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Phyllosiphon
Phyllosiphon is a genus of parasitic green algae in the class Trebouxiophyceae.
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Phylogenetic tree
A phylogenetic tree or evolutionary tree is a branching diagram or "tree" showing the evolutionary relationships among various biological species or other entities—their phylogeny—based upon similarities and differences in their physical or genetic characteristics.
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Phylum
In biology, a phylum (plural: phyla) is a level of classification or taxonomic rank below Kingdom and above Class.
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Phytogeography
Phytogeography (from Greek φυτό, phyto.
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Phytoplankton
Phytoplankton are the autotrophic (self-feeding) components of the plankton community and a key part of oceans, seas and freshwater basin ecosystems.
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Pigment
A pigment is a material that changes the color of reflected or transmitted light as the result of wavelength-selective absorption.
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Plankton
Plankton (singular plankter) are the diverse collection of organisms that live in large bodies of water and are unable to swim against a current.
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Plant
Plants are mainly multicellular, predominantly photosynthetic eukaryotes of the kingdom Plantae.
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Plant hormone
Plant hormones (also known as phytohormones) are chemicals that regulate plant growth.
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Plastid
The plastid (Greek: πλαστός; plastós: formed, molded – plural plastids) is a double-membrane organelle found in the cells of plants, algae, and some other eukaryotic organisms.
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Ploidy
Ploidy is the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell, and hence the number of possible alleles for autosomal and pseudoautosomal genes.
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Polyphyly
A polyphyletic group is a set of organisms, or other evolving elements, that have been grouped together but do not share an immediate common ancestor.
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Potassium
Potassium is a chemical element with symbol K (from Neo-Latin kalium) and atomic number 19.
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Prokaryote
A prokaryote is a unicellular organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane-bound organelle.
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Protist
A protist is any eukaryotic organism that has cells with nuclei and is not an animal, plant or fungus.
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Prototheca
Prototheca is a genus of algae in the family Chlorellaceae.
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Protozoa
Protozoa (also protozoan, plural protozoans) is an informal term for single-celled eukaryotes, either free-living or parasitic, which feed on organic matter such as other microorganisms or organic tissues and debris.
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Psammon
Psammon (from Greek "psammos", "sand") is a group of organisms inhabiting coastal sand moist — biota buried in sediments.
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Psychrophile
Psychrophiles or cryophiles (adj. psychrophilic or cryophilic) are extremophilic organisms that are capable of growth and reproduction in low temperatures, ranging from −20 °C to +10 °C.
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Pterocladiophila
Pterocladiophila is a genus of red algae, parasite of other red algae.
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Purple sulfur bacteria
The purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) are part of a group of Proteobacteria capable of photosynthesis, collectively referred to as purple bacteria.
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Raphidophyte
The Raphidophyceae (raphidophytes, formerly referred to as Chloromonadophyceae and Chloromonadineae) are a small group of eukaryotic algae that includes both marine and freshwater species.
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Raunkiær plant life-form
The Raunkiær system is a system for categorizing plants using life-form categories, devised by Danish botanist Christen C. Raunkiær and later extended by various authors.
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Red algae
The red algae, or Rhodophyta, are one of the oldest groups of eukaryotic algae.
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Relict
A relict is a surviving remnant of a natural phenomenon.
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Rhizaria
The Rhizaria are a species-rich supergroup of mostly unicellular eukaryotes.
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Rhizoid
Rhizoids are protuberances that extend from the lower epidermal cells of bryophytes and algae.
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Rhodochytrium
Rhodochytrium is a genus of green algae in the family Chlorochytriaceae.
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Riboflavin
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B2, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
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River ecosystem
The ecosystem of a river is the river viewed as a system operating in its natural environment, and includes biotic (living) interactions amongst plants, animals and micro-organisms, as well as abiotic (nonliving) physical and chemical interactions.
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Root
In vascular plants, the root is the organ of a plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil.
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Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin
Samuel George Gottlieb Gmelin (4 July 1744 – 27 July 1774) was a German physician, botanist and explorer.
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Scholar-official
Scholar-officials, also known as Literati, Scholar-gentlemen, Scholar-bureaucrats or Scholar-gentry were politicians and government officials appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day political duties from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty.
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Scleractinia
Scleractinia, also called stony corals or hard corals, are marine animals in the phylum Cnidaria that build themselves a hard skeleton.
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Scotland
Scotland (Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and covers the northern third of the island of Great Britain.
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Sea lettuce
The sea lettuces comprise the genus Ulva, a group of edible green algae that is widely distributed along the coasts of the world's oceans.
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Seaweed
Seaweed or macroalgae refers to several species of macroscopic, multicellular, marine algae.
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Secretion
Secretion is the movement of material from one point to another, e.g. secreted chemical substance from a cell or gland.
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Sexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a form of reproduction where two morphologically distinct types of specialized reproductive cells called gametes fuse together, involving a female's large ovum (or egg) and a male's smaller sperm.
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Soil conditioner
A soil conditioner is a product which is added to soil to improve the soil’s physical qualities, usually its fertility (ability to provide nutrition for plants) and sometimes its mechanics.
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South Wales
South Wales (De Cymru) is the region of Wales bordered by England and the Bristol Channel to the east and south, and Mid Wales and West Wales to the north and west.
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Species Plantarum
Species Plantarum (Latin for "The Species of Plants") is a book by Carl Linnaeus, originally published in 1753, which lists every species of plant known at the time, classified into genera.
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Spirogyra
Spirogyra (common names include water silk, mermaid's tresses, and blanket weed) is a genus of filamentous charophyte green algae of the order Zygnematales, named for the helical or spiral arrangement of the chloroplasts that is characteristic of the genus.
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Spirulina (dietary supplement)
Spirulina represents a biomass of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) that can be consumed by humans and other animals.
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Spore
In biology, a spore is a unit of sexual or asexual reproduction that may be adapted for dispersal and for survival, often for extended periods of time, in unfavourable conditions.
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Stoma
In botany, a stoma (plural "stomata"), also called a stomata (plural "stomates") (from Greek στόμα, "mouth"), is a pore, found in the epidermis of leaves, stems, and other organs, that facilitates gas exchange.
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Summer Palace
The Summer Palace, is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens and palaces in Beijing.
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Symbiodinium
Symbiodinium is a genus that encompasses the largest and most prevalent group of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates known.
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Symbiogenesis
Symbiogenesis, or endosymbiotic theory, is an evolutionary theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms, first articulated in 1905 and 1910 by the Russian botanist Konstantin Mereschkowski, and advanced and substantiated with microbiological evidence by Lynn Margulis in 1967.
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Symbiosis
Symbiosis (from Greek συμβίωσις "living together", from σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is any type of a close and long-term biological interaction between two different biological organisms, be it mutualistic, commensalistic, or parasitic.
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Synurid
The synurids are a small group of heterokont algae, found mostly in fresh water.
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Taxon
In biology, a taxon (plural taxa; back-formation from taxonomy) is a group of one or more populations of an organism or organisms seen by taxonomists to form a unit.
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Terrestrial plant
A terrestrial plant is a plant that grows on or in or from land.
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Thallus
Thallus (plural: thalli), from Latinized Greek θαλλός (thallos), meaning "a green shoot" or "twig", is the undifferentiated vegetative tissue of some organisms in diverse groups such as algae, fungi, some liverworts, lichens, and the Myxogastria.
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Thermophile
A thermophile is an organism—a type of extremophile—that thrives at relatively high temperatures, between.
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Thiamine
Thiamine, also known as thiamin or vitamin B1, is a vitamin found in food, and manufactured as a dietary supplement and medication.
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Toxoid
A toxoid is a bacterial toxin (usually an exotoxin) whose toxicity has been inactivated or suppressed either by chemical (formalin) or heat treatment, while other properties, typically immunogenicity, are maintained.
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Trentepohlia (alga)
Trentepohlia is a genus of filamentous chlorophyte green algae in the family Trentepohliaceae, living free on terrestrial supports such as tree trunks and wet rocks or symbiotically in lichens.
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Triparma
Triparma is a genus of unicellular algae in the family Triparmaceae in the order Parmales.
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Unicellular organism
A unicellular organism, also known as a single-celled organism, is an organism that consists of only one cell, unlike a multicellular organism that consists of more than one cell.
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Unsaturated fat
An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is at least one double bond within the fatty acid chain.
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Vascular plant
Vascular plants (from Latin vasculum: duct), also known as tracheophytes (from the equivalent Greek term trachea) and also higher plants, form a large group of plants (c. 308,312 accepted known species) that are defined as those land plants that have lignified tissues (the xylem) for conducting water and minerals throughout the plant.
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Veganism
Veganism is the practice of abstaining from the use of animal products, particularly in diet, and an associated philosophy that rejects the commodity status of animals.
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Vigo
Vigo is a city and municipality in the province of Pontevedra, in Galicia, northwest Spain on the Atlantic Ocean.
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Vindhya Range
The Vindhya Range(also known as Vindhyachal)() is a complex, discontinuous chain of mountain ridges, hill ranges, highlands and plateau escarpments in west-central India.
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Viridiplantae
Viridiplantae (literally "green plants") are a clade of eukaryotic organisms made up of the green algae, which are primarily aquatic, and the land plants (embryophytes), which emerged within them.
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Vitamin B6
Vitamin B6 refers to a group of chemically similar compounds which can be interconverted in biological systems.
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Vitamin C
Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid and L-ascorbic acid, is a vitamin found in food and used as a dietary supplement.
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Volvox
Volvox is a polyphyletic genus of chlorophyte green algae in the family Volvocaceae.
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Wales
Wales (Cymru) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom and the island of Great Britain.
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William Henry Harvey
William Henry Harvey, FRS FLS (5 February 1811 – 15 May 1866) was an Irish botanist and phycologist who specialised in algae.
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Xylem
Xylem is one of the two types of transport tissue in vascular plants, phloem being the other.
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Yellow-green algae
Yellow-green algae or the Xanthophyceae (xanthophytes) are an important group of heterokont algae.
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Zygote
A zygote (from Greek ζυγωτός zygōtos "joined" or "yoked", from ζυγοῦν zygoun "to join" or "to yoke") is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes.
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10th edition of Systema Naturae
The 10th edition of Systema Naturae is a book written by Carl Linnaeus and published in two volumes in 1758 and 1759, which marks the starting point of zoological nomenclature.
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Redirects here:
Alga, Algal, Algal groups, Algal proteins, Algæ, Dha algal oil, Filamentous algae, Freshwater algae, Phyco, Phycophyta, Pond scum, Pondscum.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algae
