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143 relations: Adams–Onís Treaty, Administrative divisions of Mexico, Agustín de Iturbide, Alta California Territory, Argentina, Arizona, Battle of Dominguez Rancho, Battle of La Mesa, Battle of Rio San Gabriel, Battle of San Pasqual, Bodega Bay, Bolinas Bay, Branciforte, California, California Coast Ranges, California Republic, Californio, Carl Barks, Carlos Antonio Carrillo, Carmel River, Catholic Church, Cattle, Central Valley (California), Colorado, Colorado River, Comic book, Council of the Indies, Deserts of California, Diego de Borica, Dominican Order, Drakes Bay, El Camino Real (California), Eusebio Kino, First Mexican Empire, First Mexican Republic, Flag of California, Fort Ross, California, Francesc Palóu, Francis Drake, Gaspar de Portolá, Gila River, Golden Hind, Hippolyte Bouchard, Hispanic, History of California, History of California before 1900, History of San Jose, California, Hopi, Indigenous peoples of California, Island of California, ..., Ivan Kuskov, John Sutter, José Darío Argüello, José de Gálvez, José Joaquín de Arrillaga, José María de Echeandía, Juan Bandini, Juan Bautista Alvarado, Juan Bautista de Anza I, Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra, Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo, Junípero Serra, List of Governors of California before 1850, List of ranchos of California, Los Angeles, Luis Antonio Argüello, Manuel Micheltorena, Maritime fur trade, Mark Twain, Mexican Cession, Mexican secularization act of 1833, Mexican War of Independence, Mexican–American War, Mexico, Mikhail Levashev, Mission Indians, Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo, Mission San Diego de Alcalá, Mission Santa Clara de Asís, Monterey, California, Municipality, Native Americans in the United States, Nevada, New Mexico, New Spain, Newspaper, Nicolás Gutiérrez, Ohlone, Old California, Pablo Vicente de Solá, Pío Pico, Pimería Alta, Polity, Population of Native California, Portolá expedition, Presidio, Presidio of Monterey, California, Presidio of San Diego, Presidio of San Francisco, Provincias Internas, Pueblo de Los Ángeles, Pyotr Krenitsyn, Republic, Russia, Russian colonization of the Americas, Russian-American Company, Sacramento Valley, Saint George's Cross, San Diego, San Francisco, San Gabriel Mountains, Sebastián Vizcaíno, Sheep, Siege of Los Angeles, Sierra Nevada (U.S.), Siete Leyes, Soldado de cuera, Sonoma, California, Southern California, Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish Empire, Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest, Spanish missions in Baja California, Spanish missions in California, Succession of states, Tallow, Territory, Texas, The Californias, The Daily Alta California, The Innocents Abroad, The Mask of Zorro, Tomales Bay, Treaty of Cahuenga, Treaty of Córdoba, Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, United States, United States Army, United States Navy, University of California, Utah, Wyoming, 1824 Constitution of Mexico. Expand index (93 more) »
Adams–Onís Treaty
The Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty, the Florida Purchase Treaty, or the Florida Treaty,Weeks, p.168.
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Administrative divisions of Mexico
The United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic composed of 31 states and the capital, Mexico City, an autonomous entity on par with the states.
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Agustín de Iturbide
Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Arámburu (27 September 178319 July 1824), also known as Augustine of Mexico, was a Mexican army general and politician.
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Alta California Territory
Alta California Territory (Upper California) was a 19th-century federal territory formed under the Mexican Constitution of 1824.
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Argentina
Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a federal republic located mostly in the southern half of South America.
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Arizona
Arizona (Hoozdo Hahoodzo; Alĭ ṣonak) is a U.S. state in the southwestern region of the United States.
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Battle of Dominguez Rancho
The Battle of Dominguez Rancho or The Battle of the Old Woman's Gun (October 8, 1846) was a military engagement of the Mexican–American War.
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Battle of La Mesa
The Battle of La Mesa was the final battle of the California Campaign during the Mexican–American War, occurring on January 9, 1847, in present-day Vernon, California, the day after the Battle of Rio San Gabriel.
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Battle of Rio San Gabriel
No description.
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Battle of San Pasqual
The Battle of San Pasqual, also spelled San Pascual, was a military encounter that occurred during the Mexican–American War in what is now the San Pasqual Valley community of the city of San Diego, California.
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Bodega Bay
Bodega Bay is a shallow, rocky inlet of the Pacific Ocean on the coast of northern California in the United States.
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Bolinas Bay
Bolinas Bay is a small bay, approximately 5 miles (8 km) wide, on the Pacific coast of California in the United States.
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Branciforte
Branciforte, originally named Villa de Branciforte, was the last of only three secular pueblos founded by the Spanish colonial government of Alta California.
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California
California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States.
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California Coast Ranges
The Coast Ranges of California span from Del Norte or Humboldt County, California, south to Santa Barbara County.
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California Republic
The California Republic was an unrecognized breakaway state that, for 25 days in 1846, militarily controlled an area north of San Francisco, in and around what is now Sonoma County in California.
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Californio
Californio (historical and regional Spanish for "Californian") is a Spanish term with widely varying interpretations.
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Carl Barks
Carl Barks (March 27, 1901 – August 25, 2000) was an American cartoonist, author, and painter.
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Carlos Antonio Carrillo
Carlos Antonio Carrillo (24 December 1783 – 23 February 1852), was Governor of Alta California from 1837 to 1838.
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Carmel River
The Carmel River is a river on the Central Coast of California in Monterey County that originates in the Ventana Wilderness Area of the Santa Lucia Mountains.
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Catholic Church
The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.299 billion members worldwide.
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Cattle
Cattle—colloquially cows—are the most common type of large domesticated ungulates.
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Central Valley (California)
The Central Valley is a flat valley that dominates the geographical center of the U.S. state of California.
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Colorado
Colorado is a state of the United States encompassing most of the southern Rocky Mountains as well as the northeastern portion of the Colorado Plateau and the western edge of the Great Plains.
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Colorado River
The Colorado River is one of the principal rivers of the Southwestern United States and northern Mexico (the other being the Rio Grande).
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Comic book
A comic book or comicbook, also called comic magazine or simply comic, is a publication that consists of comic art in the form of sequential juxtaposed panels that represent individual scenes.
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Council of the Indies
The Council of the Indies; officially, the Royal and Supreme Council of the Indies (Real y Supremo Consejo de las Indias), was the most important administrative organ of the Spanish Empire for the Americas and the Philippines.
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Deserts of California
The Deserts of California have unique ecosystems and habitats, a sociocultural and historical "Old West" collection of legends, districts, and communities, and they also form a popular tourism region of dramatic natural features and recreational development.
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Diego de Borica
Diego de Borica was a Basque Spanish explorer and the seventh governor of Alta California from 1794 to 1800.
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Dominican Order
The Order of Preachers (Ordo Praedicatorum, postnominal abbreviation OP), also known as the Dominican Order, is a mendicant Catholic religious order founded by the Spanish priest Dominic of Caleruega in France, approved by Pope Honorius III via the Papal bull Religiosam vitam on 22 December 1216.
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Drakes Bay
Drakes Bay is a wide bay named so by U.S. surveyor George Davidson in 1875 along the Point Reyes National Seashore on the coast of northern California in the United States, approximately 30 miles (48 km) northwest of San Francisco at approximately 38 degrees north latitude.
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El Camino Real (California)
El Camino Real (Spanish for The Royal Road, also known as The King's Highway), sometimes associated with Calle Real (within the US state of California), usually refers to the 600-mile (965-kilometer) road connecting the 21 Spanish missions in California (formerly Alta California), along with a number of sub-missions, four presidios, and three pueblos, stretching at its southern end from the San Diego area Mission San Diego de Alcalá, all of the way up to the trail's northern terminus at Mission San Francisco Solano in Sonoma, just above San Francisco Bay.
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Eusebio Kino
Eusebio Francisco Kino (Eusebio Francesco Chini, Eusebio Francisco Kino; 10 August 1645 – 15 March 1711) was an Italian Jesuit, missionary, geographer, explorer, cartographer and astronomer.
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First Mexican Empire
The Mexican Empire (Imperio Mexicano) was a short-lived monarchy and the first independent post-colonial state in Mexico.
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First Mexican Republic
The First Mexican Republic known also as the First Federal Republic (Primera República Federal) was a federated republic and nation-state officially designated the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos). "Independence transformed Mexico from Spain's largest and most prosperous colony to a sovereign nation suffering economic decline and political strife." The First Mexican Republic lasted from from 1824 to 1835, when conservatives under Antonio López de Santa Anna transformed it into a centralized state, the Centralist Republic of Mexico.
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Flag of California
The Bear Flag is the official flag of the state of California.
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Fort Ross, California
Fort Ross (Форт-Росс), originally Fortress Ross (Крѣпость Россъ, tr. Krepostʹ Ross), is a former Russian establishment on the west coast of North America in what is now Sonoma County, California, in the United States.
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Francesc Palóu
Francesc Palóu or Francisco Palóu (1723–1789) was a Spanish Franciscan missionary, administrator and historian on the Baja California Peninsula and in Alta California.
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Francis Drake
Sir Francis Drake (– 28 January 1596) was an English sea captain, privateer, slave trader, naval officer and explorer of the Elizabethan era.
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Gaspar de Portolá
Gaspar de Portolá y Rovira (1716–1786) was a Spanish soldier and administrator in New Spain.
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Gila River
The Gila River (O'odham Pima: Keli Akimel or simply Akimel, Quechan: Haa Siʼil) is a tributary of the Colorado River flowing through New Mexico and Arizona in the United States.
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Golden Hind
Golden Hind was an English galleon best known for her privateering circumnavigation of the globe between 1577 and 1580, captained by Sir Francis Drake.
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Hippolyte Bouchard
Hippolyte Bouchard, or Hipólito Bouchard (15 January 1780 – 4 January 1837), was a French Argentine sailor and corsair who fought for Argentina, Chile, and Peru.
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Hispanic
The term Hispanic (hispano or hispánico) broadly refers to the people, nations, and cultures that have a historical link to Spain.
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History of California
The history of California can be divided into: the Native American period; European exploration period from 1542 to 1769; the Spanish colonial period, 1769 to 1821; the Mexican period, 1821 to 1848; and United States statehood, from September 9, 1850 (in Compromise of 1850) which continues to this present day.
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History of California before 1900
Human history in California began when indigenous Americans first arrived some 13,000–15,000 years ago.
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History of San Jose, California
This article covers the history of San Jose, California, the third largest city in the state, and the largest of all cities in the San Francisco Bay Area and Northern California, with a population of 982,765.
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Hopi
The Hopi are a Native American tribe, who primarily live on the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona.
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Indigenous peoples of California
The Indigenous peoples of California (known as Native Californians) are the indigenous inhabitants who have lived or currently live in the geographic area within the current boundaries of California before and after the arrival of Europeans.
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Island of California
The Island of California refers to a long-held Spanish misconception, dating from the 16th century, that the Baja California Peninsula was not part of mainland North America but rather a large island separated from the continent by a strait now known as the Gulf of California.
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Ivan Kuskov
Ivan Aleksandrovich Kuskov (1765–1823) was the senior assistant to Aleksandr Baranov, the Chief Administrator of the Russian-American Company (RAC).
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John Sutter
John Augustus Sutter (February 23, 1803 – June 18, 1880), born Johann August Suter, was a German-born Swiss pioneer of California known for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, California, the state's capital.
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José Darío Argüello
José Darío Argüello (1753–1828) was a Spanish soldier, California pioneer, founder of Los Angeles, twice a Spanish colonial governor—eleventh of Alta California and then of the Baja California Peninsula—and father of Luis Antonio Argüello, first Alta California governor under independent Mexico.
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José de Gálvez
José de Gálvez y Gallardo, marqués de Sonora (2 January 1720, Macharavialla, Spain – 17 June 1787, Aranjuez, Spain) was a Spanish lawyer and Visitador generál (inspector general) in New Spain (1764–1772); later appointed to the Council of the Indies (1775–1787).
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José Joaquín de Arrillaga
José Joaquín de Arrillaga was an officer of Basque origin born in Aia, Spain, who went on to become seventh (1792-1794) and tenth (1800–1814) governor of Alta California.
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José María de Echeandía
José María de Echeandía (☩ 1871) was twice Mexican governor of Alta California from 1825 to 1831 and again from 1832 to 1833.
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Juan Bandini
Juan Bandini (1800 – November 4, 1859) was an early settler of what would become San Diego, California.
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Juan Bautista Alvarado
Juan Bautista Valentín Alvarado y Vallejo (February 14, 1809 – July 13, 1882) was a Californio and Governor of Las Californias from 1837 to 1842.
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Juan Bautista de Anza I
Juan Bautista de Anza I (June 29, 1693 - 1740) was a Spanish Basque officer and explorer, founder of great part of the Sonora state and the south west region of the United States.
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Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra
Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra (22 May 1743 – 26 March 1794) was a Spanish naval officer born in Lima, Peru.
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Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo
Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo (Portuguese:João Rodrigues Cabrilho) (born 1499, died January 3, 1543) was a maritime navigator, known for exploring the West Coast of North America on behalf of the Spanish Empire.
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Junípero Serra
Saint Junípero Serra y Ferrer, O.F.M., (Juníper Serra i Ferrer) (November 24, 1713August 28, 1784) was a Roman Catholic Spanish priest and friar of the Franciscan Order who founded a mission in Baja California and the first nine of 21 Spanish missions in California from San Diego to San Francisco, in what was then Alta California in the Province of Las Californias, New Spain.
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List of Governors of California before 1850
Below is a list of the Governors of early California (1769–1850), before its admission as the 31st U.S. state.
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List of ranchos of California
These California land grants were made by Spanish (1784–1810) and Mexican (1819–1846) authorities of Las Californias and Alta California to private individuals before California became part of the United States of America.
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Los Angeles
Los Angeles (Spanish for "The Angels";; officially: the City of Los Angeles; colloquially: by its initials L.A.) is the second-most populous city in the United States, after New York City.
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Luis Antonio Argüello
Luis Antonio Argüello (June 21, 1784 – March 27, 1830) was the first Californio (native-born) governor of Alta California (thirteenth in all), and the first to take office under Mexican rule.
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Manuel Micheltorena
José Manuel Micheltorena (1802 – 7 September 1853) was a brigadier general of the Mexican Army, adjutant-general of the same, governor, commandant-general and inspector of the department of Alta California, then within Mexico.
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Maritime fur trade
The maritime fur trade was a ship-based fur trade system that focused on acquiring furs of sea otters and other animals from the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast and natives of Alaska.
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Mark Twain
Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American writer, humorist, entrepreneur, publisher, and lecturer.
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Mexican Cession
The Mexican Cession is the region in the modern-day southwestern United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after the Mexican–American War.
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Mexican secularization act of 1833
The Mexican secularization act of 1833 was passed twelve years after Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821.
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Mexican War of Independence
The Mexican War of Independence (Guerra de Independencia de México) was an armed conflict, and the culmination of a political and social process which ended the rule of Spain in 1821 in the territory of New Spain.
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Mexican–American War
The Mexican–American War, also known as the Mexican War in the United States and in Mexico as the American intervention in Mexico, was an armed conflict between the United States of America and the United Mexican States (Mexico) from 1846 to 1848.
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Mexico
Mexico (México; Mēxihco), officially called the United Mexican States (Estados Unidos Mexicanos) is a federal republic in the southern portion of North America.
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Mikhail Levashev
Mikhail D. Levashev (Михаи́л Дми́триевич Левашо́в; spelt "Levashef" in the United States) (c. 1738–1774-76) was a Russian explorer and Lieutenant of the Imperial Russian Navy.
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Mission Indians
Mission Indians are the indigenous peoples of California who lived in Southern California and were forcibly relocated from their traditional dwellings, villages, and homelands to live and work at 15 Franciscan missions in Southern California, and the Asisténcias and Estáncias established between 1796 and 1823 in the Las Californias Province of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.
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Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
Mission San Carlos Borromeo del río Carmelo, also known as the Carmel Mission or Mission Carmel, first built in 1797, is one of the most authentically restored Roman Catholic mission churchs in California.
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Mission San Diego de Alcalá
Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcalá was the first Franciscan mission in The Californias, a province of New Spain.
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Mission Santa Clara de Asís
Mission Santa Clara de Asís is a Spanish mission founded by the Franciscan order in the present-day city of Santa Clara, California.
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Monterey, California
Monterey is a city located in Monterey County in the U.S. state of California, on the southern edge of Monterey Bay on California's Central Coast.
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Municipality
A municipality is usually a single urban or administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and state laws to which it is subordinate.
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Native Americans in the United States
Native Americans, also known as American Indians, Indians, Indigenous Americans and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States.
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Nevada
Nevada (see pronunciations) is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America.
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New Mexico
New Mexico (Nuevo México, Yootó Hahoodzo) is a state in the Southwestern Region of the United States of America.
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New Spain
The Viceroyalty of New Spain (Virreinato de la Nueva España) was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire, established by Habsburg Spain during the Spanish colonization of the Americas.
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Newspaper
A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current events.
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Nicolás Gutiérrez
Lieutenant Colonel Nicolás Gutiérrez was a twice acting governor of Alta California in 1836 from January to May and July to November.
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Ohlone
The Ohlone, named Costanoan by early Spanish colonists (the Spanish word costa means "coast"), are a Native American people of the Northern California coast.
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Old California
"Old California" is a 28-page funny animal comic book story written, drawn, and lettered by Carl Barks.
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Pablo Vicente de Solá
Pablo Vicente de Solá, (1761–1826), was a Spanish officer and the twelfth and last Spanish colonial governor of Alta California, 1815-1822.
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Pío Pico
Pío de Jesús Pico (May 5, 1801 – September 11, 1894) was a Californio rancher and politician, the last governor of Alta California (now the State of California) under Mexican rule.
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Pimería Alta
The Pimería Alta (upper land of the Pimas), an area of the 18th century Sonora y Sinaloa Province in the Viceroyalty of New Spain, encompassed parts of what are today southern Arizona in the United States and northern Sonora in Mexico.
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Polity
A polity is any kind of political entity.
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Population of Native California
Estimates of the Population of Native Californians prior to and after European contact have varied substantially.
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Portolá expedition
Point of San Francisco Bay Discovery The Portolá expedition was the first recorded Spanish (or any European) land entry and exploration of the present-day state of California, in 1769–1770, that led to the founding of Alta California.
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Presidio
A presidio (from the Spanish, presidio, meaning "jail" or "fortification") is a fortified base established by the Spanish in areas under their control or influence.
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Presidio of Monterey, California
The Presidio of Monterey, located in Monterey, California, is an active US Army installation with historic ties to the Spanish colonial era.
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Presidio of San Diego
El Presidio Reál de San Diego (Royal Presidio of San Diego) is a historic fort in San Diego, California.
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Presidio of San Francisco
The Presidio of San Francisco (originally, El Presidio Real de San Francisco or The Royal Fortress of Saint Francis) is a park and former U.S. Army military fort on the northern tip of the San Francisco Peninsula in San Francisco, California, and is part of the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.
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Provincias Internas
The Provincias Internas, also known as the Comandancia y Capitanía General de las Provincias Internas (Commandancy and Captaincy General of the Internal Provinces), was an administrative district of the Spanish Empire created in 1776 to provide more autonomy for the frontier provinces of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, present-day northern Mexico and the Southwestern United States.
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Pueblo de Los Ángeles
El Pueblo de Nuestra Señora la Reina de los Ángeles (the Town of Our Lady the Queen of the Angels) was the Spanish civilian pueblo founded in 1781, which by the 20th century became the American metropolis of Los Angeles.
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Pyotr Krenitsyn
Pyotr Kuzmich Krenitsyn (Пётр Кузьмич Креницын) (1728 - July 4, 1770), spelt "Krenitzin" in the United States, was a Russian explorer and Captain/Lieutenant of the Imperial Russian Navy.
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Republic
A republic (res publica) is a form of government in which the country is considered a "public matter", not the private concern or property of the rulers.
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Russia
Russia (rɐˈsʲijə), officially the Russian Federation (p), is a country in Eurasia. At, Russia is the largest country in the world by area, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area, and the ninth most populous, with over 144 million people as of December 2017, excluding Crimea. About 77% of the population live in the western, European part of the country. Russia's capital Moscow is one of the largest cities in the world; other major cities include Saint Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Novgorod. Extending across the entirety of Northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans eleven time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia and North Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the U.S. state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. The East Slavs emerged as a recognizable group in Europe between the 3rd and 8th centuries AD. Founded and ruled by a Varangian warrior elite and their descendants, the medieval state of Rus arose in the 9th century. In 988 it adopted Orthodox Christianity from the Byzantine Empire, beginning the synthesis of Byzantine and Slavic cultures that defined Russian culture for the next millennium. Rus' ultimately disintegrated into a number of smaller states; most of the Rus' lands were overrun by the Mongol invasion and became tributaries of the nomadic Golden Horde in the 13th century. The Grand Duchy of Moscow gradually reunified the surrounding Russian principalities, achieved independence from the Golden Horde. By the 18th century, the nation had greatly expanded through conquest, annexation, and exploration to become the Russian Empire, which was the third largest empire in history, stretching from Poland on the west to Alaska on the east. Following the Russian Revolution, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic became the largest and leading constituent of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the world's first constitutionally socialist state. The Soviet Union played a decisive role in the Allied victory in World War II, and emerged as a recognized superpower and rival to the United States during the Cold War. The Soviet era saw some of the most significant technological achievements of the 20th century, including the world's first human-made satellite and the launching of the first humans in space. By the end of 1990, the Soviet Union had the world's second largest economy, largest standing military in the world and the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, twelve independent republics emerged from the USSR: Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and the Baltic states regained independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania; the Russian SFSR reconstituted itself as the Russian Federation and is recognized as the continuing legal personality and a successor of the Soviet Union. It is governed as a federal semi-presidential republic. The Russian economy ranks as the twelfth largest by nominal GDP and sixth largest by purchasing power parity in 2015. Russia's extensive mineral and energy resources are the largest such reserves in the world, making it one of the leading producers of oil and natural gas globally. The country is one of the five recognized nuclear weapons states and possesses the largest stockpile of weapons of mass destruction. Russia is a great power as well as a regional power and has been characterised as a potential superpower. It is a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and an active global partner of ASEAN, as well as a member of the G20, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO), the Council of Europe, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE), and the World Trade Organization (WTO), as well as being the leading member of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) and one of the five members of the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU), along with Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
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Russian colonization of the Americas
The Russian colonization of the Americas covers the period from 1732 to 1867, when the Russian Empire laid claim to northern Pacific Coast territories in the Americas.
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Russian-American Company
The "Russian-American Company Under the Supreme Patronage of His Imperial Majesty" (Под высочайшим Его Императорского Величества покровительством Российская-Американская Компания Pod vysochayshim Yego Imperatorskogo Velichestva porkrovitelstvom Rossiyskaya-Amerikanskaya Kompaniya) was a state-sponsored chartered company formed largely on the basis of the United American Company.
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Sacramento Valley
The Sacramento Valley is the area of the Central Valley of the U.S. state of California that lies north of the Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta and is drained by the Sacramento River.
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Saint George's Cross
In heraldry, the Saint George's Cross, also called Cross of Saint George, is a red cross on a white background, which from the Late Middle Ages became associated with Saint George, the military saint, often depicted as a crusader.
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San Diego
San Diego (Spanish for 'Saint Didacus') is a major city in California, United States.
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San Francisco
San Francisco (initials SF;, Spanish for 'Saint Francis'), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California.
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San Gabriel Mountains
The San Gabriel Mountains are a mountain range located in northern Los Angeles County and western San Bernardino County, California, United States.
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Sebastián Vizcaíno
Sebastián Vizcaíno (1548–1624) was a Spanish soldier, entrepreneur, explorer, and diplomat whose varied roles took him to New Spain, the Philippines, the Baja California peninsula, the California coast and Japan.
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Sheep
Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are quadrupedal, ruminant mammal typically kept as livestock.
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Siege of Los Angeles
The Siege of Los Angeles was a military response by armed Californios to the occupation, which had begun August 13, 1846, by the United States Marines of the Pueblo de Los Angeles during the Mexican–American War.
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Sierra Nevada (U.S.)
The Sierra Nevada (snowy saw range) is a mountain range in the Western United States, between the Central Valley of California and the Great Basin.
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Siete Leyes
Las Siete Leyes (or Seven Laws were a series of constitutional changes that fundamentally altered the organizational structure of Mexico, ending the first federal period and creating a unitary republic, the Central Republic. Formalized under President Antonio López de Santa Anna on 15 December 1835, they were enacted in 1836. They were intended to centralize and strengthen the national government. The aim of the previous constitution was to create a political system that would emulate the success of the United States, but after a decade of political turmoil, economic stagnation, and threats and actual foreign invasion, conservatives concluded that a better path for Mexico was centralized power. The Siete Leyes were revised in 1843, making them more workable, but also placing power entirely in the hands of Santa Anna. In 1846, the 1824 Constitution was restored and the second federal period began.
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Soldado de cuera
The soldado de cuera (English, "leather-jacket soldier") served in the frontier garrisons of northern New Spain.
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Sonoma, California
Sonoma is a city in Sonoma Valley, Sonoma County, California, United States, surrounding its historic town plaza, a remnant of the town's Mexican colonial past.
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Southern California
Southern California (colloquially known as SoCal) is a geographic and cultural region that generally comprises California's southernmost counties.
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Spanish colonization of the Americas
The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish conquistadors.
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Spanish Empire
The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español; Imperium Hispanicum), historically known as the Hispanic Monarchy (Monarquía Hispánica) and as the Catholic Monarchy (Monarquía Católica) was one of the largest empires in history.
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Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest
Spanish claims to Alaska and the West Coast of North America date to the papal bull of 1493, and the Treaty of Tordesillas.
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Spanish missions in Baja California
The Spanish missions in Baja California were a large number of religious outposts established by Catholic religious orders, the Jesuits, the Franciscans and the Dominicans, between 1683 and 1834 to spread the Christian doctrine among the Native Americans or Indians living on the Baja California peninsula.
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Spanish missions in California
The Spanish missions in California comprise a series of 21 religious outposts or missions established between 1769 and 1833 in today's U.S. State of California.
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Succession of states
Succession of states is a theory and practice in international relations regarding successor states.
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Tallow
Tallow is a rendered form of beef or mutton fat, and is primarily made up of triglycerides.
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Territory
A territory is an administrative division, usually an area that is under the jurisdiction of a state.
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Texas
Texas (Texas or Tejas) is the second largest state in the United States by both area and population.
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The Californias
The Californias (Spanish: Las Californias), occasionally known as the Three Californias or Two Californias, are a region of North America, shared between Mexico and the United States of America, consisting of the U.S. state of California and the Mexican states of Baja California and Baja California Sur.
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The Daily Alta California
The Alta California or Daily Alta California (often miswritten Alta Californian or Daily Alta Californian) was a 19th-century San Francisco newspaper.
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The Innocents Abroad
The Innocents Abroad, or The New Pilgrims' Progress is a travel book by American author Mark Twain published in 1869 which humorously chronicles what Twain called his "Great Pleasure Excursion" on board the chartered vessel Quaker City (formerly) through Europe and the Holy Land with a group of American travelers in 1867.
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The Mask of Zorro
The Mask of Zorro is a 1998 American swashbuckler film based on the character of the masked vigilante Zorro created by Johnston McCulley.
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Tomales Bay
Tomales Bay is a long narrow inlet of the Pacific Ocean in Marin County in northern California in the United States.
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Treaty of Cahuenga
The Treaty of Cahuenga, also called the "Capitulation of Cahuenga," ended the fighting of the Mexican–American War in Alta California in 1847.
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Treaty of Córdoba
The Treaty of Córdoba established Mexican independence from Spain at the conclusion of the Mexican War of Independence.
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Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (Tratado de Guadalupe Hidalgo in Spanish), officially titled the Treaty of Peace, Friendship, Limits and Settlement between the United States of America and the Mexican Republic, is the peace treaty signed on February 2, 1848, in the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo (now a neighborhood of Mexico City) between the United States and Mexico that ended the Mexican–American War (1846–1848).
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United States
The United States of America (USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic composed of 50 states, a federal district, five major self-governing territories, and various possessions.
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United States Army
The United States Army (USA) is the land warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces.
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United States Navy
The United States Navy (USN) is the naval warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven uniformed services of the United States.
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University of California
The University of California (UC) is a public university system in the US state of California.
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Utah
Utah is a state in the western United States.
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Wyoming
Wyoming is a state in the mountain region of the western United States.
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1824 Constitution of Mexico
The Federal Constitution of the United Mexican States of 1824 (Constitución Federal de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos de 1824) was enacted on October 4 of 1824, after the overthrow of the Mexican Empire of Agustin de Iturbide.
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Redirects here:
Alta California Province, California land grants, Territory of Upper California, Upper California.
References
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alta_California
